Ibrahim Mahama (artist)

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    <title>Ibrahim Mahama (artist)</title>
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      <comment>n pahiya linki</comment>
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      <text bytes="7922" sha1="5egyhf1fwtdp58awu04v9lhpy7ic9mt" xml:space="preserve">{{Bio}}

&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:fuchsia;&quot;&gt;'''E-Class'''&lt;/span&gt;[[Lahabali kɔligu:Symbol_e_class.svg|20px]]

'''Ibrahim Mahama'''  nyεla bε ni daa dɔɣi so [[Ghana]] tingbani ni, yuuni 1987&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Celebrated artiste Ibrahim Mahama marries in a plush Islamic wedding in Tamale|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Celebrated-artiste-Ibrahim-Mahama-marries-in-a-plush-Islamic-wedding-in-Tamale-1815851#:~:text=Celebrated%20Ghanaian%20artist%20Ibrahim%20Mahama,a%20plush%20location%20in%20Tamale.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ibrahim Mahama – Garden of Scars|url=https://oudekerk.nl/en/programma/ibrahim-mahama/|access-date=7 November 2022|website=oudekerk.nl}}&lt;/ref&gt;. O ʒila [[Tamale|Tamali]] ka lahi kpa tumaduri balibu Tamale maa.

== Shikuru Baŋsim Bobu ==
O nyεla ŋun daa chaŋ o &quot;univesity&quot; shikuru &quot;[[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]]&quot; yuuni 2010.

== Tuma ==
O nyεla ŋun sabiri kundinima ka lahi nyɛ ŋun mεri tandi Ghana tingbanni. O nyεla tumtumda ŋun be Tamali, Ghana tingbani ni. O lahi nyεla ŋun kpaŋ o maŋa pam n-tooi zaŋdi binyεra n-taɣiri di biεhigu ka niriba pam mi o lala yaɣili maa polo. Ŋuna n-daa pahi m-pɔra ka be yaɣ'mεriba ni, bε ni daa laɣim &quot;Ghana pavilion at the 2019 Venice Biennale&quot; la ni. O tuma daa yi ʒεhara  tiŋduya tanmεriba ni daa laɣim Italy ni bε zaŋ bɛ tuma wuhi dunia zaa la. (56th Iternational Art Exhibition of the Venice Biennal in Italy.)

O tan'mɛbo ni mali sɔŋsim n-ti Gbansabla  tingbani lɛbiginsim zuɣu, &quot;theafricareport.com in the list of 100 most influential Africans 2019&quot; daa pigi o &quot;73rd most influential Afirican&quot;.

Yuuni 2019, o daa pili &quot;Savannah Center for contemporary Art (SCCA)&quot;, Tamali tingbani ni.

Ibrahim Mahama tuma nyεla din be Ghana dahi mini anfooninima ni di mini o tuma nεma ni  nyε din wuhiri di maŋa la.

== O biɛhigu ==
Mahama nyɛla ŋun niŋ bipuɣingi yuli booni Khadija Yussif Iddi ameliya. Bɛ nyɛla ban bɔ tabi silimiingoli  July ni yuuni  2023 puuni  Tamale tingban ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Celebrated artiste Ibrahim Mahama marries in a plush Islamic wedding in Tamale|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Celebrated-artiste-Ibrahim-Mahama-marries-in-a-plush-Islamic-wedding-in-Tamale-1815851#:~:text=Celebrated%20Ghanaian%20artist%20Ibrahim%20Mahama,a%20plush%20location%20in%20Tamale.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== O daabilim soya ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Exhibition
!Year
!Location
!Country
|-
|''Garden of scarcity''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ibrahim Mahama – Garden of Scars|url=https://oudekerk.nl/en/programma/ibrahim-mahama/|access-date=7 November 2022|website=oudekerk.nl}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|'''2022'''
|[[De Oude Kerk, Amsterdam]]
|Netherlands
|-
|''Lazarus''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ibrahim Mahama – Lazarus – White Cube|url=https://whitecube.com/exhibitions/exhibition/ibrahim_mahama_bermondsey_2021|access-date=26 September 2021|website=whitecube.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|'''2021'''
|[[White Cube]]
|United Kingdom
|-
|''Fragments''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ibrahim Mahama – Artist's Profile – The Saatchi Gallery|url=https://www.saatchigallery.com/artists/ibrahim_mahama.htm|access-date=6 July 2019|website=saatchigallery.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|'''2017'''
|[[White Cube]]
|United Kingdom
|-
|''Material Effects''
|'''2015'''
|Eli and Edythe Broad Art Museum, Michigan State University
|United States
|-
|''Civil Occupation''
|'''2014'''
|Ellis King, Dublin
|Ireland
|-
|Kawokudi Coal Sack Installation, Accra, Ghana
Nima Coal Sack Installation, Accra, Ghana

Adum Coal Sack Installation, Kumasi, Ghana

''Jute, What Is Art?''
|'''2013'''
|Accra
Accra

Railway Station, [[Kumasi]]

K.N.U.S.T Museum, Kumasi
|Ghana
|-
|Sisala Coal Market, Coal Sack Installation

''Trading Identities'', Installation
|'''2012'''
|[[Accra New Town|Newtown]], Accra

MFA Block, Kumasi
|Ghana
|-
|''The colonized body'', Installation
|'''2011'''
|[[Kokomlemle]], Accra
|Ghana
|-
|''Class and Identity'', Installation, K.N.U.S.T, Kumasi, Ghana
|'''2010'''
|K.N.U.S.T, Kumasi
|Ghana
|-
|''Purity? Cultures of display, Installation''
|'''2009'''
|[[Bomso]], Kumasi
|Ghana
|}

== Karimbu dinpahi ==
{{refbegin}}

* {{Cite news|last1=Casavecchia|first1=Barbara|date=2 March 2018|title='In Dependence': Ibrahim Mahama's Monuments to the Anonymous|work=[[Frieze (magazine)|frieze]]|issue=194|url=https://frieze.com/article/dependence-ibrahim-mahamas-monuments-anonymous|issn=0962-0672}}
&lt;!--already in refs* {{Cite web|last1=Cascone|first1=Sarah|title=Stefan Simchowitz Settles Lawsuit with Artist|work=[[Artnet News]]|date=11 May 2016|url=https://news.artnet.com/market/stefan-simchowitz-ibrahim-mahama-lawsuit-settled-494660|access-date=27 May 2019}}--&gt;
* {{Cite web|last1=Freeman|first1=Nate|date=31 March 2016|title=Jute-Sack Case Heats Up: Ibrahim Mahama Countersues Simchowitz, Ellis King|url=http://www.artnews.com/2016/03/31/jute-sack-case-heats-up-ibrahim-mahama-countersues-simchowitz-ellis-king/|access-date=27 May 2019|work=[[ARTnews]]}}
* {{Cite web|last1=Freemantle|first1=Julia|date=16 February 2019|title=Ghana's Ibrahim Mahama drapes huge buildings in recycled hessian sacks|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/home-and-gardening/2019-02-16-ghanas-ibrahim-mahama-drapes-huge-buildings-in-recycled-hessian-sacks/|access-date=27 May 2019|work=TimesLIVE}}
* {{Cite web|last1=Kinsella|first1=Eileen|last2=Halperin|first2=Julia|date=29 April 2019|title=Flags Can Be 'a Symbol of Oppression': Artist Ibrahim Mahama on Why He Replaced 50 National Flags at Rockefeller Center|url=https://news.artnet.com/exhibitions/ibrahim-mahama-frieze-rockefeller-center-1528354|access-date=27 May 2019|work=[[Artnet News]]}}
* {{Cite web|last1=O'Toole|first1=Sean|title=Ibrahim Mahama at daadgalerie|url=https://www.artforum.com/picks/ibrahim-mahama-75125|access-date=28 May 2019|work=[[Frieze (magazine)|frieze]]}}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Obuobi|first1=Sharon|date=November 2018|title=Conversation with Ibrahim Mahama|url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/nka/article-abstract/2018/42-43/284/137270/Conversation-with-Ibrahim-Mahama|journal=Nka: Journal of Contemporary African Art|volume=2018|issue=42–43|pages=284–289|doi=10.1215/10757163-7185941|issn=1075-7163}}
* {{Cite web|last1=Powhida|first1=William|last2=Sawon|first2=Magdalena|date=25 September 2015|title=Artists Are Not Kale: A Gallery Management Guide's Many Failures|url=https://hyperallergic.com/238961/artists-are-not-kale-a-gallery-management-guides-many-failures/|access-date=28 May 2019|work=[[Hyperallergic]]}}
* {{Cite web|last1=Rea|first1=Naomi|date=30 January 2018|title=Belgium Has a Racist Monuments Problem Too—Here's How They're Dealing With It|url=https://news.artnet.com/exhibitions/belgium-racist-monuments-1207091|access-date=28 May 2019|work=[[Artnet News]]}}
* {{Cite web|last1=Ruiz|first1=Cristina|date=28 February 2017|title=Ibrahim Mahama presents a portrait of Ghana told through its objects|url=http://theartnewspaper.com/news/ibrahim-mahama-presents-a-portrait-of-ghana-told-through-its-objects|access-date=27 May 2019|work=[[The Art Newspaper]]}}
* {{Cite web|last1=Ruiz|first1=Cristina|date=17 June 2016|title=The art of Ghana|url=https://www.ft.com/content/a02d29c8-341a-11e6-ad39-3fee5ffe5b5b|access-date=28 May 2019|work=[[Financial Times]]}}
* {{Cite web|last1=Shaw|first1=Anny|date=6 December 2017|title=Early sale in Miami: Martin Margulies buys Ibrahim Mahama's installation|url=http://theartnewspaper.com/news/early-sale-martin-margulies-buys-ibrahim-mahama-s-installation|access-date=27 May 2019|work=[[The Art Newspaper]]}}

{{refend}}

== Kundivihira ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==

* [https://whitecube.com/artists/artist/ibrahim_mahama Profile on the White Cube site]
{{Authority control}}

== Kundivihira ==

[[Pubu:E-Class]]
[[Pubu:Doo]]
[[Pubu:Africa]]
[[Pubu:Ninsala ŋun na be o nyɛvuli ni]]
[[Pubu:Dagbamba]]
[[Pubu:Dagbanli]]
[[Pubu:Lahabaya zaa]]</text>
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        <id>5829</id>
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      <comment>n pahiya linki</comment>
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      <text bytes="7926" sha1="76r69mvtfifv8iqmn2b2dyo8i6ni8wu" xml:space="preserve">{{Bio}}

&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:fuchsia;&quot;&gt;'''E-Class'''&lt;/span&gt;[[Lahabali kɔligu:Symbol_e_class.svg|20px]]

'''Ibrahim Mahama'''  nyεla bε ni daa dɔɣi so [[Ghana]] tingbani ni, yuuni 1987&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Celebrated artiste Ibrahim Mahama marries in a plush Islamic wedding in Tamale|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Celebrated-artiste-Ibrahim-Mahama-marries-in-a-plush-Islamic-wedding-in-Tamale-1815851#:~:text=Celebrated%20Ghanaian%20artist%20Ibrahim%20Mahama,a%20plush%20location%20in%20Tamale.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ibrahim Mahama – Garden of Scars|url=https://oudekerk.nl/en/programma/ibrahim-mahama/|access-date=7 November 2022|website=oudekerk.nl}}&lt;/ref&gt;. O ʒila [[Tamale|Tamali]] ka lahi kpa tumaduri balibu Tamale maa.

== Shikuru Baŋsim Bobu ==
O nyεla ŋun daa chaŋ o &quot;univesity&quot; shikuru &quot;[[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]]&quot; yuuni 2010.

== Tuma ==
O nyεla ŋun sabiri kundinima ka lahi nyɛ ŋun mεri tandi [[Ghana]] tingbanni. O nyεla tumtumda ŋun be Tamali, Ghana tingbani ni. O lahi nyεla ŋun kpaŋ o maŋa pam n-tooi zaŋdi binyεra n-taɣiri di biεhigu ka niriba pam mi o lala yaɣili maa polo. Ŋuna n-daa pahi m-pɔra ka be yaɣ'mεriba ni, bε ni daa laɣim &quot;Ghana pavilion at the 2019 Venice Biennale&quot; la ni. O tuma daa yi ʒεhara  tiŋduya tanmεriba ni daa laɣim Italy ni bε zaŋ bɛ tuma wuhi dunia zaa la. (56th Iternational Art Exhibition of the Venice Biennal in Italy.)

O tan'mɛbo ni mali sɔŋsim n-ti Gbansabla  tingbani lɛbiginsim zuɣu, &quot;theafricareport.com in the list of 100 most influential Africans 2019&quot; daa pigi o &quot;73rd most influential Afirican&quot;.

Yuuni 2019, o daa pili &quot;Savannah Center for contemporary Art (SCCA)&quot;, Tamali tingbani ni.

Ibrahim Mahama tuma nyεla din be Ghana dahi mini anfooninima ni di mini o tuma nεma ni  nyε din wuhiri di maŋa la.

== O biɛhigu ==
Mahama nyɛla ŋun niŋ bipuɣingi yuli booni Khadija Yussif Iddi ameliya. Bɛ nyɛla ban bɔ tabi silimiingoli  July ni yuuni  2023 puuni  Tamale tingban ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Celebrated artiste Ibrahim Mahama marries in a plush Islamic wedding in Tamale|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Celebrated-artiste-Ibrahim-Mahama-marries-in-a-plush-Islamic-wedding-in-Tamale-1815851#:~:text=Celebrated%20Ghanaian%20artist%20Ibrahim%20Mahama,a%20plush%20location%20in%20Tamale.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== O daabilim soya ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Exhibition
!Year
!Location
!Country
|-
|''Garden of scarcity''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ibrahim Mahama – Garden of Scars|url=https://oudekerk.nl/en/programma/ibrahim-mahama/|access-date=7 November 2022|website=oudekerk.nl}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|'''2022'''
|[[De Oude Kerk, Amsterdam]]
|Netherlands
|-
|''Lazarus''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ibrahim Mahama – Lazarus – White Cube|url=https://whitecube.com/exhibitions/exhibition/ibrahim_mahama_bermondsey_2021|access-date=26 September 2021|website=whitecube.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|'''2021'''
|[[White Cube]]
|United Kingdom
|-
|''Fragments''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ibrahim Mahama – Artist's Profile – The Saatchi Gallery|url=https://www.saatchigallery.com/artists/ibrahim_mahama.htm|access-date=6 July 2019|website=saatchigallery.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|'''2017'''
|[[White Cube]]
|United Kingdom
|-
|''Material Effects''
|'''2015'''
|Eli and Edythe Broad Art Museum, Michigan State University
|United States
|-
|''Civil Occupation''
|'''2014'''
|Ellis King, Dublin
|Ireland
|-
|Kawokudi Coal Sack Installation, Accra, Ghana
Nima Coal Sack Installation, Accra, Ghana

Adum Coal Sack Installation, Kumasi, Ghana

''Jute, What Is Art?''
|'''2013'''
|Accra
Accra

Railway Station, [[Kumasi]]

K.N.U.S.T Museum, Kumasi
|Ghana
|-
|Sisala Coal Market, Coal Sack Installation

''Trading Identities'', Installation
|'''2012'''
|[[Accra New Town|Newtown]], Accra

MFA Block, Kumasi
|Ghana
|-
|''The colonized body'', Installation
|'''2011'''
|[[Kokomlemle]], Accra
|Ghana
|-
|''Class and Identity'', Installation, K.N.U.S.T, Kumasi, Ghana
|'''2010'''
|K.N.U.S.T, Kumasi
|Ghana
|-
|''Purity? Cultures of display, Installation''
|'''2009'''
|[[Bomso]], Kumasi
|Ghana
|}

== Karimbu dinpahi ==
{{refbegin}}

* {{Cite news|last1=Casavecchia|first1=Barbara|date=2 March 2018|title='In Dependence': Ibrahim Mahama's Monuments to the Anonymous|work=[[Frieze (magazine)|frieze]]|issue=194|url=https://frieze.com/article/dependence-ibrahim-mahamas-monuments-anonymous|issn=0962-0672}}
&lt;!--already in refs* {{Cite web|last1=Cascone|first1=Sarah|title=Stefan Simchowitz Settles Lawsuit with Artist|work=[[Artnet News]]|date=11 May 2016|url=https://news.artnet.com/market/stefan-simchowitz-ibrahim-mahama-lawsuit-settled-494660|access-date=27 May 2019}}--&gt;
* {{Cite web|last1=Freeman|first1=Nate|date=31 March 2016|title=Jute-Sack Case Heats Up: Ibrahim Mahama Countersues Simchowitz, Ellis King|url=http://www.artnews.com/2016/03/31/jute-sack-case-heats-up-ibrahim-mahama-countersues-simchowitz-ellis-king/|access-date=27 May 2019|work=[[ARTnews]]}}
* {{Cite web|last1=Freemantle|first1=Julia|date=16 February 2019|title=Ghana's Ibrahim Mahama drapes huge buildings in recycled hessian sacks|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/home-and-gardening/2019-02-16-ghanas-ibrahim-mahama-drapes-huge-buildings-in-recycled-hessian-sacks/|access-date=27 May 2019|work=TimesLIVE}}
* {{Cite web|last1=Kinsella|first1=Eileen|last2=Halperin|first2=Julia|date=29 April 2019|title=Flags Can Be 'a Symbol of Oppression': Artist Ibrahim Mahama on Why He Replaced 50 National Flags at Rockefeller Center|url=https://news.artnet.com/exhibitions/ibrahim-mahama-frieze-rockefeller-center-1528354|access-date=27 May 2019|work=[[Artnet News]]}}
* {{Cite web|last1=O'Toole|first1=Sean|title=Ibrahim Mahama at daadgalerie|url=https://www.artforum.com/picks/ibrahim-mahama-75125|access-date=28 May 2019|work=[[Frieze (magazine)|frieze]]}}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Obuobi|first1=Sharon|date=November 2018|title=Conversation with Ibrahim Mahama|url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/nka/article-abstract/2018/42-43/284/137270/Conversation-with-Ibrahim-Mahama|journal=Nka: Journal of Contemporary African Art|volume=2018|issue=42–43|pages=284–289|doi=10.1215/10757163-7185941|issn=1075-7163}}
* {{Cite web|last1=Powhida|first1=William|last2=Sawon|first2=Magdalena|date=25 September 2015|title=Artists Are Not Kale: A Gallery Management Guide's Many Failures|url=https://hyperallergic.com/238961/artists-are-not-kale-a-gallery-management-guides-many-failures/|access-date=28 May 2019|work=[[Hyperallergic]]}}
* {{Cite web|last1=Rea|first1=Naomi|date=30 January 2018|title=Belgium Has a Racist Monuments Problem Too—Here's How They're Dealing With It|url=https://news.artnet.com/exhibitions/belgium-racist-monuments-1207091|access-date=28 May 2019|work=[[Artnet News]]}}
* {{Cite web|last1=Ruiz|first1=Cristina|date=28 February 2017|title=Ibrahim Mahama presents a portrait of Ghana told through its objects|url=http://theartnewspaper.com/news/ibrahim-mahama-presents-a-portrait-of-ghana-told-through-its-objects|access-date=27 May 2019|work=[[The Art Newspaper]]}}
* {{Cite web|last1=Ruiz|first1=Cristina|date=17 June 2016|title=The art of Ghana|url=https://www.ft.com/content/a02d29c8-341a-11e6-ad39-3fee5ffe5b5b|access-date=28 May 2019|work=[[Financial Times]]}}
* {{Cite web|last1=Shaw|first1=Anny|date=6 December 2017|title=Early sale in Miami: Martin Margulies buys Ibrahim Mahama's installation|url=http://theartnewspaper.com/news/early-sale-martin-margulies-buys-ibrahim-mahama-s-installation|access-date=27 May 2019|work=[[The Art Newspaper]]}}

{{refend}}

== Kundivihira ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==

* [https://whitecube.com/artists/artist/ibrahim_mahama Profile on the White Cube site]
{{Authority control}}

== Kundivihira ==

[[Pubu:E-Class]]
[[Pubu:Doo]]
[[Pubu:Africa]]
[[Pubu:Ninsala ŋun na be o nyɛvuli ni]]
[[Pubu:Dagbamba]]
[[Pubu:Dagbanli]]
[[Pubu:Lahabaya zaa]]</text>
      <sha1>76r69mvtfifv8iqmn2b2dyo8i6ni8wu</sha1>
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  <page>
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        <id>5522</id>
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      <comment>Bark of the sinsaba tree</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="663" sha1="2dr93ebgl2b2qrwgt04ne2tlvwwhivz" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{E-Class}}
'''Sinsabiga''' / '''Sinsabipiɛɣu''' (''Lannea microcarpa, Lannea acida'')&lt;ref&gt;Naden, Tony. 2014. [https://www.webonary.org/dagbani/download/ ''Dagbani dictionary'']. Webonary.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Sinsabiga-wala Lannea microcarpa DSCN5765.jpg|thumb|unripe fruits of African grape tree]]

==Kundivihira==


== [[Lahabali_kɔligu:Bark_of_African_grape_tree_DSCN5760_(1).jpg|thumb|Sinsabiga pɔɣu]] ==
[[Lahabali_kɔligu:Bark_of_African_grape_tree_DSCN5760_(1).jpg|thumb|Sinsabiga pɔɣu]]
[[Ŋun su:Abdulganiw|Abdulganiw]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:Abdulganiw|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 14:44, 2 Silimin gɔli June 2025 (GMT)&lt;references/&gt;

[[Pubu:Tia]]

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    <title>Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:Alhassan Mohammed Awal</title>
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        <username>MediaWiki message delivery</username>
        <id>274</id>
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      <text bytes="769434" sha1="rt23oiubwgxyeavxgottb7pfr3dq9um" xml:space="preserve">N yuli n booni Alhassan Mohammed Awal

== Campaigns Product Update #1 ==
Hello Campaigns Newsletter recipients. We are ready to share our first updates: 

* '''We will be hosting our first Campaigns Product Office hour''' with the Product team on '''September 9, 2021 at 3 PM UTC''' (join us on Zoom: https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87427100681) . The Office hour will focus on the introduction of the Product team and its choice of of a first feature focused on Event Registration. For more information see: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Campaigns/Foundation_Programs_Team#Office_Hours
* '''We have published our first document about the first feature''': '''event registration'''.  You can find the document on Meta: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration . We provided first responses to initial feedback last week. If you responded before, consider reviewing the talk page and adding to the conversation. 
* '''We had several presentations at Wikimania:'''
** Ilana Fried presented the Campaign Product team as part of a larger conversation about Wikimedia Foundation Product Strategy. Campaigns product start at 18:12 time:[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57GzJ4GEvCQ&amp;t=1103s&amp;ab_channel=WikimediaFoundation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57GzJ4GEvCQ&amp;t=1103]
** Alex Stinson facilitated a session on the role of partners in International Campaigns:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OS1k8_6QWPY 

'''What is next?''' At the office hours, we will share our first version of the designs for the Registration feature, and be asking for feedback. Additionally we will be onboarding our engineering team who will be building the registration feature.

Please invite  other organizers to subscribe to this newsletter or to unsubscribe at: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers  

The Campaign Product Team
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== Campaigns Product Update #2 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! We are excited to share our updates:

*'''Request for Feedback''': We have shared our project principles, wireframes for the desktop version, and open questions for you about the team’s event registration project. See the latest status updates [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#Status_Updates '''here'''.]

:Wireframes are design tools that imagine the future interface of the software. We haven’t built anything yet. We need your feedback on these designs so that we can make better product decisions. You can give feedback on the talk page regarding the design and features of the wireframes. We would love to hear your comments to help us establish the next necessary steps for the project.

:[[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#Feedback_on_project_principles_&amp;_wireframes_(October_2021)|'''''Please share with us your feedback!''''']]

*'''Presentations''': The Campaign Product team participated in [[m:WikiArabia/2021|WikiArabia 2021]] and [[m:WikiConference North America/2021|WikiConference North America 2021]] to give a brief introduction on how the team works. Senior Program Strategist [[User:Astinson (WMF)|Alex Stinson]] gave an overview about campaigns and how we can scale the organizing experience within the Movement. Senior Product Manager [[User:IFried (WMF)|Ilana Fried]] gave an introduction about the Product Team and the project wireframes of the first campaign software solution: the on-wiki registration tool. View the recorded presentation [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AYknkmHGyI&amp;t=751s '''here'''.]

*'''Team update''': We have hired our first team engineer, [[User:JCarvalho (WMF)|JCarvalho]] and our campaign organizing fellow, [[User:IBrazal (WMF)|IBrazal]]. Newsletter updates will be done by [[User:IBrazal (WMF)|IBrazal]] and she will be coordinating with you! We hope to have the rest of the engineering team onboard soon! For those of who missed the last Campaign Office Hour, you may [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jT8fRUWjfI watch the recording] to know more about the Campaign Product Team.

'''What is next?'''

:'''Testers Needed'''! We will be partnering with [https://yux.design/ '''YUX'''], a design research agency, to learn how our team can improve the experience of Wikimedia campaign organizers and participants in Africa. For this reason, we are looking for community members who are willing to be part of the rapid testing sessions. Preferably, we want organizers and editors who have worked in an African context. If you would like to participate in testing, please email {{email|ibrazal-ctr|wikimedia.org}}.

:'''Upcoming Conferences'''. [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2021|'''Wiki Indaba 2021''']]. This year, the conference will be held virtually on November 5-7, 2021 with the theme &quot;'''''Rethink + Reset : Visions of the future'''''&quot;. Read more about the conference [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2021|here]] or [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2021/Registration Information| register]] to join the event. We will be presenting the registration features on Sunday November 7. 

:We will also be attending [[m:Wikimedia CEE Online Meeting 2021/Programme/Submissions/Building Organizer Tools for the Future of Campaigns|'''Wikimedia CEE Online Meeting 2021''']], which will be held virtually again this year on November 5-7, 2021.  We will be presenting the registration tool on November 6 as part of our communication and sharing process. 

:'''Translation Support'''. We are also beginning to translate the updates on Registration. If you think your language community would benefit from updates, please translate [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#Status_Updates|here]]. 


''Invite  other organizers to [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers| subscribe]] to this newsletter for updates!''


The Campaign Product Team
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Ŋun su:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:MediaWiki message delivery|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 16:26, 28 Silimin gɔli October 2021 (GMT)
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== Campaigns Product Update #3 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! 

We are excited to share our updates:

*'''Proposal to create new namespaces''': We have proposed to create two namespaces, which are “'''Event'''” and “'''Event talk'''.” This way, we can easily create an Event Center that pulls data from event pages. This Event Center may include tools to create event pages with registration support, a calendar of events, and event statistics, among other features. More importantly, the Event Center will highlight organizing as an essential part of the Wikimedia movement. Please give us feedback on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T296280 Phabricator] or [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration#Feedback_on_March_2022_update|Meta]] about our proposal to create two new namespaces.

*'''Engineering updates''': We are excited that we have finished hiring for our engineering team! Three engineers and an engineering manager have joined our team since our last update. In the last few months, they have conducted technical planning and launched the building phase of the project. They are now building the  registration tool. You can see the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|updated team on meta]].

*'''Design updates''': We conducted usability tests with a small group of testers for early feedback on the desktop wireframes. After collecting this feedback, we have developed a new version for desktop wireframes, which will be ready to share in the next few weeks. These desktop wireframes display the user flow of two experiences: one for organizers who want to add registration to their event pages, and another for participants who want to register for an event. Additionally, the design team is also currently working on the first version of mobile wireframes, which will be shared during the next office hour. 

::1. View the latest desktop wireframes in '''Figma''' for [https://www.figma.com/proto/h0iZo5Tj6LHpsFDsInWiG0/Pilot---Event-Registration?node-id=1899%3A44995&amp;scaling=min-zoom&amp;page-id=1472%3A36710&amp;starting-point-node-id=1899%3A44995&amp;show-proto-sidebar=1&amp;hide-ui=1 Campaign Organizer Prototype] and [https://www.figma.com/proto/h0iZo5Tj6LHpsFDsInWiG0/Pilot---Event-Registration?node-id=1998%3A49612&amp;scaling=min-zoom&amp;page-id=1472%3A36710&amp;starting-point-node-id=1998%3A49612&amp;show-proto-sidebar=1&amp;hide-ui=1 Participant Registration Prototype].
::2. [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration#Feedback_on_project_principles_&amp;_wireframes_(October_2021)|Leave us some feedback]] on the desktop wireframes. Note that we haven’t posted the newest version of the desktop wireframes on the project page yet, but we will soon (and you can feel free to add feedback on any version you have seen). 
 
*'''Ambassador updates''': Three product ambassadors for the Arabic, French and Swahili communities have now joined our team! They will help us collect feedback from Wikimedia communities about the project and understand the needs of organizers, through gathering first-hand information. These ambassadors are immersed as actual members of these communities, so they will also help us identify the needs of the organizers in our pilot communities. The ambassadors are: [[m:User:Bachounda (WMF)|'''M. Bachounda''']] for Arabic communities, [[m:User:Geugeor-WMF|'''Georges Fodouop''']] for French communities, and [[m:User:AMtavangu (WMF)|'''Antoni Mtavangu''']] for Swahili communities. 

'''What is next?'''
:'''Next Office Hour''': We will be holding an office hour on '''March 31, 2022''' at 15:00 UTC, which will be conducted via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/82046580320 '''Zoom''']. We invite everyone to attend, and we really hope to see you! The focus will be on the Registration Tool. The team will also be providing community updates on the usability test findings and design highlights for the wireframes. We will also share our current Project timeline and answer any questions you may have. [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 03|Join us and share your thoughts on these developments!]]

:In a few months, we are expecting to have the early testable version of the tool. By then, the team will be doing the first round of general testing and gathering feedback. We are looking forward to adding more features on the tool such as communication support, potentially by the end of this year. If you know other organizers that might be interested in following these developments, please recommend that they [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Subscribers|subscribe to the newsletter]]. We want to receive as much feedback as we can.

Thank you!


'''The Campaign Product Team'''
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Ŋun su:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:MediaWiki message delivery|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 17:26, 22 Silimin gɔli March 2022 (GMT)
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== Campaign Product Team Office Hour - March 31, 2022 ==

Hello '''Campaign Product Newsletter''' subscribers!

The Campaign Product Team will be hosting the next office hour  to share exciting updates on the Registration Tool and new proposed namespaces for events. We will also be sharing community updates on the usability tests and design highlights of the latest mobile and desktop wireframes. 

Join us and share your thoughts on these developments!

:Date: '''March 31, 2022'''
:Time: 15:00 UTC
:Zoom Link: https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/82046580320

You may also watch [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jT8fRUWjfI Campaigns Office Hour: Introducing the Campaigns Product Team] to learn more about the Team and the previous wireframes.

Feel free to send a message to '''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org''' if you want to receive an email reminder for this meeting.

Thank you.


'''The Campaign Product Team'''


[[Ŋun su:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:MediaWiki message delivery|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 17:37, 30 Silimin gɔli March 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-17&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
*  On [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/dblists/group1.dblist many wikis] (group 1), the software to play videos and audio files on pages has now changed. The old player has been removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-04-26|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]).
* Some very old browsers and operating systems are no longer supported. Some things on the wikis might look weird or not work in very old browsers like Internet Explorer 9 or 10, Android 4, or Firefox 38 or older. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306486]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W17&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

22:53, 25 Silimin gɔli April 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-18&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* On [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/dblists/group2.dblist all remaining wikis] (group 2), the software to play videos and audio files on pages has now changed. The old player has been removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* The developers are working on talk pages in the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS|Wikipedia app for iOS]]. You can [https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9GBcHczQGLbQWTY give feedback]. You can take the survey in English, German, Hebrew or Chinese.
* [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/VisualEditor_template_dialog_improvements#Status_and_next_steps|Most wikis]] will receive an [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/VisualEditor_template_dialog_improvements|improved template dialog]] in VisualEditor and New Wikitext mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T296759] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306967]
* If you use syntax highlighting while editing wikitext, you can soon activate a [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Improved_Color_Scheme_of_Syntax_Highlighting#Color-blind_mode|colorblind-friendly color scheme]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306867]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Several CSS IDs related to MediaWiki interface messages will be removed. Technical editors should please [[phab:T304363|review the list of IDs and links to their existing uses]]. These include &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;#mw-anon-edit-warning&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;#mw-undelete-revision&lt;/code&gt; and 3 others.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W18&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

19:31, 2 Silimin gɔli May 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-19&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* You can now see categories in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|Wikipedia app for Android]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73966]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, there was a problem with Wikidata's search autocomplete. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307586]
* Last week, all wikis had slow access or no access for 20 minutes, for logged-in users and non-cached pages. This was caused by a problem with a database change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307647]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T305217#7894966]
*  [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation#Current issues|Incompatibility issues]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] and the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]] will be fixed: Deployment is planned for May 10 on all wikis. Kartographer will then be enabled on the [[phab:T307348|five wikis which have not yet enabled the extension]] on May 24.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector (2022)]] skin will be set as the default on several more wikis, including Arabic and Catalan Wikipedias. Logged-in users will be able to switch back to the old Vector (2010). See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2022-04 for the largest wikis|latest update]] about Vector (2022).

'''Future meetings'''
* The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place on 17 May. The following meetings are currently planned for: 7 June, 21 June, 5 July, 19 July.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W19&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

15:20, 9 Silimin gɔli May 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-20&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* Some wikis can soon use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|add a link]] feature. This will start on Wednesday. The wikis are {{int:project-localized-name-cawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-svwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}. This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304542]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2022|Wikimedia Hackathon 2022]] will take place online on May 20–22. It will be in English. There are also local [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2022/Meetups|hackathon meetups]] in Germany, Ghana, Greece, India, Nigeria and the United States. Technically interested Wikimedians can work on software projects and learn new skills. You can also host a session or post a project you want to work on.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* You can soon edit translatable pages in the visual editor. Translatable pages exist on for examples Meta and Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/05/12/mediawiki-1-38-brings-support-for-editing-translatable-pages-with-the-visual-editor/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W20&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

18:56, 16 Silimin gɔli May 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23291515 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-21&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Administrators using the mobile web interface can now access Special:Block directly from user pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307341]
* The &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wiktionary.org/ www.wiktionary.org]&lt;/span&gt; portal page now uses an automated update system. Other [[m:Project_portals|project portals]] will be updated over the next few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304629]

'''Problems'''
* The Growth team maintains a mentorship program for newcomers. Previously, newcomers weren't able to opt out from the program. Starting May 19, 2022, newcomers are able to fully opt out from Growth mentorship, in case they do not wish to have any mentor at all. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287915]
* Some editors cannot access the content translation tool if they load it by clicking from the contributions menu. This problem is being worked on. It should still work properly if accessed directly via Special:ContentTranslation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308802]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and user scripts developers are invited to give feedback on a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Extension:Gadget/Policy|proposed technical policy]] aiming to improve support from MediaWiki developers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308686]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W21&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

00:21, 24 Silimin gɔli May 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-22&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]]  In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] extension, an &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ip_in_ranges()&lt;/code&gt; function has been introduced to check if an IP is in any of the ranges. Wikis are advised to combine multiple &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ip_in_range()&lt;/code&gt; expressions joined by &lt;code&gt;|&lt;/code&gt; into a single expression for better performance. You can use the search function on [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]] to locate its usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T305017]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature|IP Info feature]] which helps abuse fighters access information about IPs, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature#May 24, 2022|has been deployed]] to all wikis as a beta feature. This comes after weeks of beta testing on test.wikipedia.org.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-05-31|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New topic tool|New Topic Tool]] will be deployed for all editors at most wikis soon. You will be able to opt out from within the tool and in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Preferences]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/New_discussion][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287804]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]]  The [[:mw:Special:ApiHelp/query+usercontribs|list=usercontribs API]] will support fetching contributions from an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Range blocks#Non-technical explanation|IP range]] soon. API users can set the &lt;code&gt;uciprange&lt;/code&gt; parameter to get contributions from any IP range within [[:mw:Manual:$wgRangeContributionsCIDRLimit|the limit]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T177150]
* A new parser function will be introduced: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{=}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. It will replace existing templates named &quot;=&quot;. It will insert an [[w:en:Equals sign|equal sign]]. This can be used to escape the equal sign in the parameter values of templates. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T91154]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W22&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

20:28, 30 Silimin gɔli May 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-23&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;str_replace_regexp()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; function can be used in [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]] to replace parts of text using a [[w:en:Regular expression|regular expression]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285468]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W23&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

02:46, 7 Silimin gɔli June 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23366979 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-24&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* All wikis can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps. Kartographer maps now also work on pages with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Pending changes|pending changes]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation#Project_descriptions][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307348]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-06-14|en}} at 06:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T300471]
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-abwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-acewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-adywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-akwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-alswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-amwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-anwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-angwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-arcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-arzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-astwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-atjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-avwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-aywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-azbwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304548]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New topic tool|New Topic Tool]] will be deployed for all editors at Commons, Wikidata, and some other wikis soon. You will be able to opt out from within the tool and in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Preferences]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/New_discussion][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287804]

'''Future meetings'''
* The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place today (13 June). The following meetings will take place on: 28 June, 12 July, 26 July.

'''Future changes'''
* By the end of July, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022]] skin should be ready to become the default across all wikis. Discussions on how to adjust it to the communities' needs will begin in the next weeks. It will always be possible to revert to the previous version on an individual basis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2022-04 for the largest wikis|Learn more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W24&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

16:59, 13 Silimin gɔli June 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23389956 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-25&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|Wikipedia App for Android]] now has an option for editing the whole page at once, located in the overflow menu (three-dots menu [[File:Ic more vert 36px.svg|15px|link=|alt=]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T103622]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some recent database changes may affect queries using the [[m:Research:Quarry|Quarry tool]]. Queries for &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;site_stats&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; at English Wikipedia, Commons, and Wikidata will need to be updated. [[phab:T306589|Read more]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;user_global_editcount&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; variable can be used in [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]] to avoid affecting globally active users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T130439]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Users of non-responsive skins (e.g. MonoBook or Vector) on mobile devices may notice a slight change in the default zoom level. This is intended to optimize zooming and ensure all interface elements are present on the page (for example the table of contents on Vector 2022). In the unlikely event this causes any problems with how you use the site, we'd love to understand better, please ping &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Jon (WMF)|Jon (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt; to any on-wiki conversations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306910]

'''Future changes'''
* The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout July.  Discussions will look different.  You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Parsoid's HTML output will soon stop annotating file links with different &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;typeof&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute values, and instead use &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw:File&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for all types. Tool authors should adjust any code that expects: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw:Image&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw:Audio&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw:Video&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273505]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W25&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

20:18, 20 Silimin gɔli June 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23425855 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-26&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] API service now has self-service accounts with free on-demand requests and monthly snapshots ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/ API documentation]). Community access [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#community-access|via database dumps &amp; Wikimedia Cloud Services]] continues.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wiktionary#lua|All Wikimedia wikis can now use Wikidata Lexemes in Lua]] after creating local modules and templates. Discussions are welcome [[d:Wikidata_talk:Lexicographical_data#You_can_now_reuse_Wikidata_Lexemes_on_all_wikis|on the project talk page]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-06-28|en}} at 06:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311033]
*  Some global and cross-wiki services will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-06-30|en}} at 06:00 UTC. This will impact ContentTranslation, Echo, StructuredDiscussions, Growth experiments and a few more services. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T300472]
* Users will be able to sort columns within sortable tables in the mobile skin. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T233340]

'''Future meetings'''
* The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place tomorrow (28 June). The following meetings will take place on 12 July and 26 July.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W26&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

20:03, 27 Silimin gɔli June 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-27&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W27&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-07-05|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-07-07|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]).
* The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout July.  Discussions will look different.  You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] This change only affects pages in the main namespace in Wikisource. The Javascript config variable &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;proofreadpage_source_href&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will be removed from &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/JavaScript#mw.config|mw.config]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and be replaced with the variable &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;prpSourceIndexPage&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;.  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309490]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W27&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

19:32, 4 Silimin gɔli July 2022 (GMT)
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== Thanks for organizing Feminism and Folklore ==

Dear Organiser/Jury

Thank you so much for your enormous contribution during the [[:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] writing competition. We appreciate your time and efforts throughout the competition to bridge cultural and gender gap on Wikipedia. We are sending you a special postcard as a token of our appreciation and gratitude. Please fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeZ5eNggLMULDNupu4LFuTIcDmEyCIRh0QLhElkhkZvAmg0wQ/viewform this form] by July 20th 2022 to receive a postcard from us. We look forward to seeing you in 2023 next year.

Stay safe!

Gaurav Gaikwad.

International Team

Feminism and Folklore 
[[Ŋun su:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:MediaWiki message delivery|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 13:50, 10 Silimin gɔli July 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-28&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W28&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/28|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022 skin]], the page title is now displayed above the tabs such as Discussion, Read, Edit, View history, or More. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates#Page title/tabs switch|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T303549]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] It is now possible to easily view most of the configuration settings that apply to just one wiki, and to compare settings between two wikis if those settings are different. For example: [https://noc.wikimedia.org/wiki.php?wiki=jawiktionary Japanese Wiktionary settings], or [https://noc.wikimedia.org/wiki.php?wiki=eswiki&amp;compare=eowiki settings that are different between the Spanish and Esperanto Wikipedias]. Local communities may want to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting_wiki_configuration_changes|discuss and propose changes]] to their local settings. Details about each of the named settings can be found by [[mw:Special:Search|searching MediaWiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308932]
*The Anti-Harassment Tools team [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature#May|recently deployed]] the IP Info Feature as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature at all wikis]]. This feature allows abuse fighters to access information about IP addresses. Please check our update on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature#April|how to find and use the tool]]. Please share your feedback using a link you will be given within the tool itself.

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-07-12|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]).

'''Future changes'''
* The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout July.  Discussions will look different.  You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/28|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W28&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

19:25, 11 Silimin gɔli July 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 7&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 7, July-September 2022'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7|'''Read the full newsletter''']]&lt;/span&gt; 
----
Welcome to the 7th issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News! The newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the implementation of Wikimedia's [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives|Movement Strategy recommendations]], other relevant topics regarding Movement governance, as well as different projects and activities supported by the Movement Strategy and Governance (MSG) team of the Wikimedia Foundation.  

The MSG Newsletter is delivered quarterly, while the more frequent [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Updates|Movement Strategy Weekly]] will be delivered weekly. Please remember to subscribe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive future issues of this newsletter.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt; 

* '''Movement sustainability''': Wikimedia Foundation's annual sustainability report has been published. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A1|continue reading]])
* '''Improving user experience''': recent improvements on the desktop interface for Wikimedia projects. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A2|continue reading]])
* '''Safety and inclusion''': updates on the revision process of the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A3|continue reading]])
* '''Equity in decisionmaking''': reports from Hubs pilots conversations, recent progress from the Movement Charter Drafting Committee, and a new white paper for futures of participation in the Wikimedia movement. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A4|continue reading]])
* '''Stakeholders coordination''': launch of a helpdesk for Affiliates and volunteer communities working on content partnership. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A5|continue reading]])
* '''Leadership development''': updates on leadership projects by Wikimedia movement organizers in Brazil and Cape Verde. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A6|continue reading]])
* '''Internal knowledge management''': launch of a new portal for technical documentation and community resources. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A7|continue reading]])
* '''Innovate in free knowledge''': high-quality audiovisual resources for scientific experiments and a new toolkit to record oral transcripts. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A8|continue reading]])
* '''Evaluate, iterate, and adapt''': results from the Equity Landscape project pilot ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A9|continue reading]])
* '''Other news and updates''': a new forum to discuss Movement Strategy implementation, upcoming Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election, a new podcast to discuss Movement Strategy, and change of personnel for the Foundation's Movement Strategy and Governance team. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A10|continue reading]])
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 01:39, 18 Silimin gɔli July 2022 (GMT)
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== Event Registration Tool: Demo and Invitation to Test ==

Hello Subscribers!

[[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''The Campaigns Product  Team''']] from the Wikimedia Foundation will be hosting two office hours to  demo the new [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']], and train organizers how to  use it. In these office hours, you will learn how to:

* Create an event page in the new event namespace (as an event organizer)

* Enable registration on your event page (as an event organizer)

* Collect data on who registered for your event (as an event organizer)

* Register for an event on the event page (as an event participant)

You can attend one office hour or both, depending on your availability on the following dates:

* Session 1: '''Thursday, July 21, 2022 at 5:00 PM UTC'''

* Session 2: '''Saturday, July 23, 2022 at 12:00 PM UTC'''

These events will be multilingual, with live interpretations in '''Arabic''', '''English''', '''French''', '''Italian''', and '''Portuguese''', and '''Swahili'''. Note that Portuguese will be available on the 21st, but not the 23rd. We strongly encourage you to join and share your feedback on the tool. Your feedback will help us improve the tool so that Wikimedians can have a better event experience. To register, please reply to this email or [[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 07|'''''sign-up to our page''''']], by adding your signature.

Thank you!

&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Ŋun su:IBrazal (WMF)|IBrazal (WMF)]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:IBrazal (WMF)|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 06:17, 18 Silimin gɔli July 2022 (GMT)

:I am interested to join. Kindly share the meeting link when it's ready. 
:Thank you
:[[Ŋun su:Alhassan Mohammed Awal|Alhassan Mohammed Awal]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:Alhassan Mohammed Awal|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 07:10, 18 Silimin gɔli July 2022 (GMT)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-29&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W29&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* The feature on mobile web for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:NearbyPages|Nearby Pages]] was missing last week. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312864]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* The [[mw:Technical_decision_making/Forum|Technical Decision Forum]] is seeking [[mw:Technical_decision_making/Community_representation|community representatives]]. You can apply on wiki or by emailing &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;TDFSupport@wikimedia.org&lt;/span&gt; before 12 August.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W29&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

23:00, 18 Silimin gɔli July 2022 (GMT)
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== Campaign Product Team Office Hour - July 21, 2022 ==

Hello '''Campaign Product Newsletter''' subscribers!


The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''Campaign Product Team''']] will be having an office hour today, '''July 21, 2022 at 17:00 UTC''' via '''Zoom''' to demo the first release of the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']].

You may join the office hour using this [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/83538569035 '''meeting link''']. 

We look forward to your participation. 

Thank you.


Best,

The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''Campaign Product Team''']]

[[Ŋun su:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:MediaWiki message delivery|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 14:46, 21 Silimin gɔli July 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-30&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W30&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikibooks.org/ www.wikibooks.org]&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikiquote.org/ www.wikiquote.org]&lt;/span&gt; portal pages now use an automated update system. Other [[m:Project_portals|project portals]] will be updated over the next few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273179]

'''Problems'''
*  Last week, some wikis were in read-only mode for a few minutes because of an emergency switch of their main database ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313383]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The external link icon will change slightly in the skins Vector legacy and Vector 2022. The new icon uses simpler shapes to be more recognizable on low-fidelity screens. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T261391]
* Administrators will now see buttons on user pages for &quot;{{int:changeblockip}}&quot; and &quot;{{int:unblockip}}&quot; instead of just &quot;{{int:blockip}}&quot; if the user is already blocked. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308570]

'''Future meetings'''
* The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place tomorrow (26 July).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W30&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

19:27, 25 Silimin gɔli July 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-31&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Improved [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Displaying_a_formula#Phantom|LaTeX capabilities for math rendering]] are now available in the wikis thanks to supporting &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Phantom&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; tags. This completes part of [[m:Community_Wishlist_Survey_2022/Editing/Missing_LaTeX_capabilities_for_math_rendering|the #59 wish]] of the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor/Realtime_Preview|Realtime Preview]] will be available as a Beta Feature on wikis in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists%2Fgroup0.dblist Group 0]. This feature was built in order to fulfill [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2021/Real_Time_Preview_for_Wikitext|one of the Community Wishlist Survey proposals]].

'''Future changes'''
* The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout August.  Discussions will look different.  You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]].

'''Future meetings'''
* This week, three meetings about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector (2022)]] with live interpretation will take place. On Tuesday, interpretation in Russian will be provided. On Thursday, meetings for Arabic and Spanish speakers will take place. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|See how to join]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W31&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

21:22, 1 Silimin gɔli August 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-32&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:GUS2Wiki/Script|GUS2Wiki]] copies the information from [[{{#special:GadgetUsage}}]] to an on-wiki page so you can review its history. If your project isn't already listed on the [[d:Q113143828|Wikidata entry for Project:GUS2Wiki]] you can either run GUS2Wiki yourself or [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:GUS2Wiki/Script#Opting|make a request to receive updates]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T121049]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-09|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-11|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]).

'''Future meetings'''
* The [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon|Wikimania Hackathon]] will take place online from August 12–14. Don't miss [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon/Schedule|the pre-hacking showcase]] to learn about projects and find collaborators. Anyone can [[phab:/project/board/6030/|propose a project]] or [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon/Schedule|host a session]]. [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon/Newcomers|Newcomers are welcome]]!

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W32&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

19:50, 8 Silimin gɔli August 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-33&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Persian (Farsi) Wikipedia community decided to block IP editing from October 2021 to April 2022. The Wikimedia Foundation's Product Analytics team tracked the impact of this change. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Editing Restriction Study/Farsi Wikipedia|An impact report]] is now available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-16|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-18|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s8.dblist targeted wikis]).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor/Realtime_Preview|Realtime Preview]] will be available as a Beta Feature on wikis in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists%2Fgroup1.dblist Group 1]. This feature was built in order to fulfill [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2021/Real_Time_Preview_for_Wikitext|one of the Community Wishlist Survey proposals]].

'''Future changes'''
* The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout August.  Discussions will look different.  You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#4_August_2022][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Phase_1:_Topic_containers][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312672]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W33&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

21:08, 15 Silimin gɔli August 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Updates from Movement Strategy&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
[[File:Greetings from the year 2030.png|220px|right]]
Upcoming events:
*'''[[:m:Wikimedia Summit 2022|The Wikimedia Summit 2022]]''': The Summit will take place on 9-11 September as a hybrid event (both online and in-person at Berlin, Germany). [[:m:Wikimedia Summit 2022/Program Outline|The program]] will be focused on the implementation of the [[:m:Movement Strategy|2030 Movement Strategy]]. You can check out [[:m:Wikimedia Summit 2022/Schedule|the detailed schedule on Meta]].

Updates, reports and announcements:
*'''[[:m:special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Documentation/June 2022 Global Conversations|Hubs Global Conversations report (June 2022)]]''': Read the report from the Hubs Global Conversations on 24-26 June, which focused on the [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Minimum Criteria for Pilots|Minimum Criteria for Hubs Pilots]].
*'''[[:m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content#Outline|The Movement Charter outline is published]]''': The Movement Charter Drafting Committee published a rough outline of the Movement Charter's content. You may read about this and other updates in the [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Updates#July 2022|Drafting Committee's monthly update]].
*'''[[:m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Newsletter|Newsletter of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee]]''': The Drafting Committee started a monthly newsletter to deliver updates about their ongoing work, published documents and upcoming community engagement events &amp; consultations.
*'''[[:m:special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement guidelines]] update''': The [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee#Revisions Committee|Revisions Committee]] is wrapping up its work on revising the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines, which will undergo legal review before being open for review by the Wikimedia communities in early September.

''You are receiving this message because you are [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Updates/Subscribe|subscribed to the Movement Strategy updates]] (distributed monthly).''

&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

--21:18, 15 Silimin gɔli August 2022 (GMT).
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-34&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Two problems with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps have been fixed. Maps are no longer shown as empty when a geoline was created via VisualEditor. Geolines consisting of points with QIDs (e.g., subway lines) are no longer shown with pushpins. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292613][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308560]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-25|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]).
* The colours of links and visited links will change. This is to make the difference between links and other text more clear. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T213778]

'''Future changes'''
* The new [{{int:discussiontools-topicsubscription-button-subscribe}}] button [[mw:Talk pages project/Notifications#12 August 2022|helps newcomers get answers]].  The Editing team is enabling this tool everywhere.  You can turn it off in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284489]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W34&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

00:13, 23 Silimin gɔli August 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-35&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor/Realtime_Preview|Realtime Preview]] is available as a Beta Feature on wikis in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists%2Fgroup2.dblist Group 2]. This feature was built in order to fulfill [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2021/Real_Time_Preview_for_Wikitext|one of the Community Wishlist Survey proposals]]. Please note that when this Beta feature is enabled, it may cause conflicts with some wiki-specific Gadgets.

'''Problems'''
* In recent months, there have been inaccurate numbers shown for various [[{{#special:statistics}}]] at Commons, Wikidata, and English Wikipedia. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T315693]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-30|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-09-01|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]).

'''Future changes'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation wants to improve how Wikimedia communities report harmful incidents by building the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System|Private Incident Reporting System (PIRS)]] to make it easy and safe for users to make reports. You can leave comments on the talk page, by answering the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System#Phase 1|questions provided]].  If you have ever faced a harmful situation that you wanted to report/reported, join a PIRS interview to share your experience. To sign up [[m:Special:EmailUser/MAna_(WMF)|please email]] &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:MAna (WMF)|Madalina Ana]]&lt;/span&gt;.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W35&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

23:05, 29 Silimin gɔli August 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-36&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-09-06|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-09-08|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] On Special pages that only have one tab, the tab-bar's row will be hidden in the Vector-2022 skin to save space. The row will still show if Gadgets use it. Gadgets that currently append directly to the CSS id of &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;#p-namespaces&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; should be updated to use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortletLink|mw.util.addPortletLink]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; function instead. Gadgets that style this id should consider also targeting &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;#p-associated-pages&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, the new id for this row. [[phab:T316908|Examples are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316908][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313409]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W36&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

23:22, 5 Silimin gɔli September 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-37&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The search servers have been upgraded to a new major version. If you notice any issues with searching, please report them on [[phab:project/view/1849/|Phabricator]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/XPCTYYTN67FVFKN6XOHULJVGUO44J662]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|Syntax highlighting]] is now tracked as an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgExpensiveParserFunctionLimit|expensive parser function]]. Only 500 expensive function calls can be used on a single page. Pages that exceed the limit are added to a [[:Category:{{MediaWiki:expensive-parserfunction-category}}|tracking category]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316858]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W37&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

01:50, 13 Silimin gɔli September 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-38&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W38&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two database fields in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;templatelinks&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; table are now being dropped: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;tl_namespace&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;tl_title&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Any queries that rely on these fields need to be changed to use the new normalization field called &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;tl_target_id&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. See &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[phab:T299417|T299417]]&lt;/span&gt; for more information. This is part of [[w:Database normalization|normalization]] of links tables. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/U2U6TXIBABU3KDCVUOITIGI5OJ4COBSW/][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:ASarabadani_(WMF)/Database_for_devs_toolkit/Concepts/Normalization]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* In [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps, you can use icons on markers for common points of interest. On Tuesday, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer/Icons|previous icon set]] will be updated to [https://de.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Hilfe:Extension:Kartographer/Icons version maki 7.2]. That means, around 100 new icons will be available.  Additionally, all existing icons were updated for clarity and to make them work better in international contexts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302861][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation#Update_maki_icons]

'''Future changes'''
* In a [[m:Content_Partnerships_Hub/Software/Volunteer_developers_discussion_at_Wikimania_2022|group discussion at Wikimania]], more than 30 people talked about how to make content partnership software in the Wikimedia movement more sustainable. What kind of support is acceptable for volunteer developers? Read the summary and [[m:Talk:Content Partnerships Hub/Software/Volunteer developers discussion at Wikimania 2022|leave your feedback]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W38&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/span&gt; 22:16, 19 Silimin gɔli September 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23826293 --&gt;

== Campaigns Product Update #4 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers!
 
We are excited to share our updates:

*&lt;div style = &quot;text-align:left; color: #192980; font-size: 1em;&gt;'''Event Registration v0'''&lt;/div&gt;

:We have successfully launched '''Event Registration tool V0''' on beta cluster and collected feedback from the first batch of testers. This tool is part of a more comprehensive organizing solution, the '''Event Center''', which hopes to support movement organizers. Through this registration solution, organizers can collect useful data on campaign participants and their needs while respecting participant privacy. 

:'''Testing update'''. In our first round of feedback collection, testers were composed of different types of organizers around the movement with a language focus on Arabic, French, English, and Swahili communities. Most of the testers successfully created their test event registrations and signed up for a test event registration created by other organizers. '''''Simple''''', '''''easy to use''''', and '''''aids in managing event participants''''' were the common feedback we received from first-time users. In contrast, access and proper localization of the tool were the points for improvement identified. We are working on V1, which will include '''communication support''' and integration with the [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/ '''Programs and Event Dashboard''']. This will be released on Meta-Wiki soon. We hope to address accessibility during this launch and improve localization problems once the tool has been deployed in local wikiprojects. 

:[https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Main_Page ''The tool is still available for testing on the beta cluster'']. Feel free to leave feedback on our project talk page or this [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSe53MNV9CKVBAF3SV2q97baufizH7b_2QJ47H1w0Upvoh4QFQ/viewform form].  

*&lt;div style = &quot;text-align:left; color: #192980; font-size: 1em;&gt;'''Organizer Lab'''&lt;/div&gt; Looking for a way to learn how to effectively organize around sustainability? Join the beta version of the Organizer Lab on WikiLearn to understand how to effectively organize a global campaign around sustainability and climate change! Applications are open from '''September 22 - October 19, 2022'''.  The Organizer Lab will be a '''9-week online learning experience from the end of October until mid December''' that prepares participants to obtain knowledge about the topics that they wish to create, a call to action for strategic knowledge gaps, as well as more generalized Wikimedia organizing and campaign/event design skills. 
:[[m:Campaigns/Organizer_Lab|'''Read more about the program''']]!  
&lt;br&gt;
'''What's Next''':

*'''Organizer Lab Information Session'''. We invite you to join our information session for the Organizer Lab on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1664546421 '''September 30, 2022 at 14:00 UTC'''] via '''Zoom'''. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89032870014 ''Join this session!'']&lt;br&gt;

*'''Organizer User Rights'''. We are reaching out to a pool of administrators from Arabic, French and Swahili communities to collect feedback on what is the best way to define organizer user rights, what privileges to give to community organizers, and what are the limitations of these privileges. Feel free to reach out to our [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|product ambassadors]] or send an email to '''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org''' if you are interested to be part of these conversations.
&lt;br&gt;
----
'''Community Feedback''':
&lt;center&gt;''&quot;Participants have been always asking the organizers are asked by participants whether they are registered, now participants will just look directly if they are registered, Thank you for creating the system&quot;'' &lt;br&gt; - French Organizer &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

''“I think that the platform will facilitate the process of promoting events and searching for participants”''&lt;br&gt; - Arabic Organizer &lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
----
&lt;br&gt;
Thank you!


'''The Campaigns Product Team'''
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Ŋun su:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:MediaWiki message delivery|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 06:30, 21 Silimin gɔli September 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-39&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W39&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/39|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Parsoid clients should be updated to allow for space-separated multi-values in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;rel&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute of links. Further details are in &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[phab:T315209|T315209]]&lt;/bdi&gt;.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|Visual diffs]] will become available to all users, except at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|Talk pages on the mobile site]] will change at the Arabic, Bangla, Chinese, French, Haitian Creole, Hebrew, Korean, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.  They should be easier to use and provide more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318302] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Mobile]
* In the [[mw:Lua/Scripting|{{ns:828}}]] namespace, pages ending with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.json&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will be treated as JSON, just like they already are in the {{ns:2}} and {{ns:8}} namespaces. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T144475]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/39|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W39&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:30, 27 Silimin gɔli September 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23860085 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-40&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W40&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/40|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now show geopoints from Wikidata, via QID or SPARQL query. Previously, this was only possible for geoshapes and geolines. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307695] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints_via_QID]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award 2022]] is looking for nominations. You can recommend tools until 12 October.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|Talk pages on the mobile site]] will change at the Arabic, Bangla, Chinese, French, Haitian Creole, Hebrew, Korean, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.  They should be easier to use and provide more information. (Last week's release was delayed) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318302] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Mobile]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;scribunto-console&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; API module will require a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Tokens|CSRF token]]. This module is documented as internal and use of it is not supported. [[phab:T212071|[5]]] 
* The Vector 2022 skin will become the default across the smallest Wikimedia projects. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements#Deployment_plan_and_timeline|Learn more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/40|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W40&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:23, 4 Silimin gɔli October 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23885489 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-41&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W41&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/41|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* On some wikis, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps in full size view will be able to display nearby articles. After a feedback period, more wikis will follow. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316782][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/41|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W41&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

14:09, 10 Silimin gɔli October 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23912412 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-42&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W42&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/42|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The recently implemented feature of [[phab:T306883|article thumbnails in Special:Search]] will be limited to Wikipedia projects only. Further details are in [[phab:T320510|T320510]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Data_Across_Wikimedia/Search_Improvements]
* A bug that caused problems in loading article thumbnails in Special:Search has been fixed. Further details are in [[phab:T320406|T320406]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Lua module authors can use &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#mw.loadJsonData|mw.loadJsonData()]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to load data from JSON pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217500]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Lua module authors can enable &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Strict_library|require( &quot;strict&quot; )]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to add errors for some possible code problems. This replaces &quot;[[wikidata:Q16748603|Module:No globals]]&quot; on most wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209310]

'''Future changes'''
* The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated at most wikis. The &quot;{{int:discussiontools-replylink}}&quot; button will look different after this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320683]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/42|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W42&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:46, 17 Silimin gɔli October 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23943992 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-43&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W43&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/43|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There have been some minor visual fixes in Special:Search, regarding audio player alignment and image placeholder height. Further details are in [[phab:T319230|T319230]].
* On Wikipedias, a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-searchoptions|preference]] has been added to hide article thumbnails in Special:Search. Full details are in [[phab:T320337|T320337]].

'''Problems'''
* Last week, three wikis ({{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruwiki/en}}) had read-only access for 25 minutes. This was caused by a hardware problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320990]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-10-25|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-10-27|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-aswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-banwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-barwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bat smgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bclwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-be x oldwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-biwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bjnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bpywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-brwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bxrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304549] 
* Starting on Wednesday October 26, 2022, the list of mentors will be upgraded [[d:Q14339834 | at wikis where Growth mentorship is available]]. The mentorship system will continue to work as it does now. The signup process [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list#add|will be replaced]], and a new management option will be provided. Also, this change simplifies [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list#create|the creation of mentorship systems at Wikipedias]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314858][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T310905][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured_mentor_list]
* Pages with titles that start with a lower-case letter according to Unicode 11 will be renamed or deleted. There is a list of affected pages at &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:Unicode 11 case map migration]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. More information can be found at [[phab:T292552|T292552]].
* The Vector 2022 skin will become the default across the smallest Wikipedias. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements#smallest-1|Learn more]].

'''Future changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|New Topic tool]] will soon get a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Special characters|special characters menu]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249072]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/43|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W43&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:23, 24 Silimin gɔli October 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23975411 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-44&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W44&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/44|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* When using keyboard navigation on a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map, the focus will become more visible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T315997]
* In {{#special:RecentChanges}}, you can now hide the log entries for new user creations with the filter for &quot;{{int:rcfilters-filter-newuserlogactions-label}}&quot;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321155]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|maps dialog]] in VisualEditor now has some help texts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318818]
* It is now possible to select the language of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor via a dropdown menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318817]
* It is now possible to add a caption to a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318815]
* It is now possible to hide the frame of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318813]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/44|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W44&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:15, 31 Silimin gɔli October 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23977539 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-45&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W45&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/45|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* An updated version of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/EventCenter/Registration|Event Registration]] tool is now available for testing at [[testwiki:|testwiki]] and [[test2wiki:| test2wiki]]. The tool provides features for event organizers and participants. Your feedback is welcome at our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|project talkpage]]. More information about [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|the project]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318592]

'''Problems'''
* Twice last week, for about 45 minutes, some files and thumbnails failed to load and uploads failed, mostly for logged-in users. The cause is being investigated and an incident report will be available soon.

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/45|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W45&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:32, 8 Silimin gɔli November 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24001035 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-46&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W46&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/46|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* At Wikidata, an interwiki link can now point to a redirect page if certain conditions are met. This new feature is called [[wikidata:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Sitelinks_to_redirects|sitelinks to redirects]]. It is needed when one wiki uses one page to cover multiple concepts but another wiki uses more pages to cover the same concepts. Your [[wikidata:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata talk:Sitelinks to redirects|feedback on the talkpage]] of the new proposed guideline is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278962]
* The &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikinews.org/ www.wikinews.org]&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikiversity.org/ www.wikiversity.org]&lt;/span&gt;, and &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikivoyage.org/ www.wikivoyage.org]&lt;/span&gt; portal pages now use an automated update system. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273179]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* There will be a new link to directly &quot;Edit template data&quot; on Template pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316759]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis where mobile [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] are enabled ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Deployment Status|these ones]]) will soon use full CSS styling to display any templates that are placed at the top of talk pages. To adapt these “talk page boxes” for narrow mobile devices you can use media queries, such as in [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Message_box/tmbox.css&amp;oldid=1097618699#L-69 this example]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312309]
* Starting in January 2023, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2023 Changes Update|running the Community Wishlist Survey (CWS) every two years]]. This means that in 2024, there will be no new proposals or voting.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/46|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W46&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:55, 14 Silimin gɔli November 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24071290 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-47&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W47&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/47|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The display of non-free media in the search bar and for article thumbnails in Special:Search has been deactivated. Further details are in [[phab:T320661|T320661]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-22|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-24|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/47|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W47&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:22, 21 Silimin gɔli November 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24071290 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-48&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W48&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/48|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* A new preference, “Enable limited width mode”, has been added to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|Vector 2022 skin]]. The preference is also available as a toggle on every page if your monitor is 1600 pixels or wider. It allows for increasing the width of the page for logged-out and logged-in users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319449]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-29|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-12-01|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]).
* Mathematical formulas shown in SVG image format will no longer have PNG fall-backs for browsers that don't support them. This is part of work to modernise the generation system. Showing only PNG versions was the default option until in February 2018. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3BGOKWJIZGL4TC4HJ22ICRU2SEPWGCR4/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311620][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T186327]
* On [[phab:P40224|some wikis]] that use flagged revisions, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:FlaggedRevs#Special:Contributions|a new checkbox will be added]] to Special:Contributions that enables you to see only the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Pending changes|pending changes]] by a user. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321445]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change early next week at [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train#Wednesday group1 wikis] (but not Wikimedia Commons or Meta-Wiki). This change improves the accessibility of content, and makes it easier to write related CSS. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/48|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W48&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:03, 28 Silimin gɔli November 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24114342 --&gt;

== Campaigns Product Team Office Hour - December 2022 ==

Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers!

The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|Wikimedia Foundation Campaigns Team]] invites you to join our upcoming office hours. In each session, we will introduce V1 of [[m:Event Center/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']], so you can begin '''using it for real events on Meta-wiki'''. &lt;br&gt;

In V1, the following new features will be includedː
* Support for the organizer to specify an event timezone
* Automatic confirmation emails after participants have registered
* Private registration: the option for participants to register and only display their registered username to organizers of the event and we will teach you how you can use it yourself.
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;u&gt;'''Office Hour Sessions''':&lt;/u&gt;
* '''1st Session''': '''December 5, 2022''' @ '''18:00 UTC''' via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87853269514 Zoom]
* '''2nd Session''': '''December 10, 2022''' @ '''12:00 UTC''' via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87853269514 Zoom]
:[[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 12|'''''Join us and share your thoughts on these developments!''''']] 
&lt;br&gt;
These office hours will be multilingual, with live interpretations in Arabic, English, French, and Swahili.  Email us @ ''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org'' or [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 12|'''sign-up here''']]  if you want to receive a reminder for this meeting.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Thank you.

'''The Campaigns Product Team'''
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&amp;oldid=24091515 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-49&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W49&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/49|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Wikisources use a tool called ProofreadPage. ProofreadPage uses OpenSeadragon which is an open source tool. The OpenSeadragon JavaScript API has been significantly re-written to support dynamically loading images. The functionality provided by the older version of the API should still work but it is no longer supported. User scripts and gadgets should migrate over to the newer version of the API. The functionality provided by the newer version of the API is [[mw:Extension:Proofread_Page/Page_viewer#JS_API|documented on MediaWiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Proofread_Page/Edit-in-Sequence]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/49|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W49&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:41, 6 Silimin gɔli December 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24151590 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-50&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W50&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/50|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* An [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|A/B test has begun]] at 15 Wikipedias for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools on mobile]].  Half of the editors on the [[mw:Reading/Web/Mobile|mobile web site]] will have access to the {{int:discussiontools-replybutton}} tool and other features. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321961]
* The character &lt;code&gt;=&lt;/code&gt; cannot be used in new usernames, to make usernames work better with templates. Existing usernames are not affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254045]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Phase_1:_Topic_containers|show discussion metadata below section headings]] will be inserted after these headings, not inside of them. This change improves the accessibility of discussion pages for screen reader software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314714]

'''Events'''
* The fourth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award]] will happen online on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1671210002 Friday 16 December 2022 at 17:00 UTC]! The event will be live-streamed on YouTube in the [https://www.youtube.com/user/watchmediawiki MediaWiki channel] and added to Commons afterwards.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/50|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W50&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:34, 12 Silimin gɔli December 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24216570 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-51&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W51&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/51|Translations]] are available.

'''Tech News'''
* Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 9 January 2023.

'''Recent changes'''
* On a user's contributions page, you can filter it for edits with a tag like 'reverted'. Now, you can also filter for all edits that are not tagged like that. This was part of a Community Wishlist 2022 request. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T119072]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new function has been used for gadget developers to add content underneath the title on article pages. This is considered a stable API that should work across all skins. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addSubtitle|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316830]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[test2wiki:|One of our test wikis]] is now being served from a new infrastructure powered by [[w:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] ([[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more]]). More Wikis will switch to this new infrastructure in early 2023. Please test and let us know of any issues. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290536]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, all wikis had no edit access for 9 minutes. This was caused by a database problem. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2022-12-13_sessionstore]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week.
* The word &quot;{{int:discussiontools-replybutton}}&quot; is very short in some languages, such as Arabic (&quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;ar&quot;&gt;ردّ&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot;). This makes the {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} button on talk pages difficult to use. An arrow icon will be added to those languages. This will only be visible to editors who have the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] turned on. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Status] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323537]

'''Future changes'''
* Edits can be automatically &quot;tagged&quot; by the system software or the {{int:Abusefilter}} system. Those tags link to a help page about the tags. Soon they will also link to Recent Changes to let you see other edits tagged this way. This was a Community Wishlist 2022 request. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301063]
* The Trust &amp; Safety tools team [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System/Timeline and Updates|have shared new plans]] for building the Private Incident Reporting System. The system will make it easier for editors to ask for help if they are harassed or abused. 
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|Realtime Preview for Wikitext]] is coming out of beta as an enabled feature for every user of the 2010 Wikitext [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editor|editor]] in the week of January 9, 2023. It will be available to use via the toolbar in the 2010 Wikitext editor. The feature was the 4th most popular wish of the Community Wishlist Survey 2021.

'''Events'''
* You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2023/Participate|register for the Wikimedia Hackathon 2023]], taking place on May 19–21 in Athens, Greece. You can also apply for a scholarship until January 14th.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/51|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W51&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:00, 20 Silimin gɔli December 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24258101 --&gt;

== Invitation to organize Feminism and Folklore 2023 ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/center&gt;

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

Christmas Greetings and a Happy New Year 2023,
 
You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2023|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia.
 
You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/List of Articles|list]] of suggested articles.
 
Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project:
# Create a page for the contest on the local wiki.
# Set up a fountain tool or dashboard.
# Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes.
# Request local admins for site notice.
# Link the local page and the fountain/dashboard link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta project page]].
 
This year we would be supporting the community's financial aid for Internet and childcare support. This would be provided for the local team including their jury and coordinator team. This support is opt-in and non mandatory. Kindly fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this Google form] and mark a mail to [mailto:support@wikilovesfolklore.org support@wikilovesfolklore.org] with the subject line starting as [Stipend] Name or Username/Language. The last date to sign up for internet and childcare aid from our team is 20th of January 2023, We encourage the language coordinators to sign up their community on this link by the 25th of January 2023.
 
Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance.
 
We look forward to your immense coordination.
 
Thank you and Best wishes,

[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team]]

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Ŋun su:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:MediaWiki message delivery|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 10:11, 24 Silimin gɔli December 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf&amp;oldid=24282249 --&gt;
:Hello Team,
:There has not been any update about the opt-in for support for the community's financial aid for Internet and childcare in this year's Feminism and Folklore writing competition. As a coordinator for this year's contest in Ghana for Moore and Gurene communities and also supporting in organizing same for Dagaare and Kusaal incubators, I and my other colleagues did fill out the support form but are yet to get any feedback from your team about that. Even though it was an opt-in based, It was actually a laudable idea to support the coordinators, organizers, and the Jury to carry out their roles effectively towards success. 
:I hope to hear from you soon. [[Ŋun su:Alhassan Mohammed Awal|Alhassan Mohammed Awal]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:Alhassan Mohammed Awal|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 09:53, 9 Silimin gɔli March 2023 (GMT)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-02&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W02&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/02|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* You can use tags to filter edits in the recent changes feed or on your watchlist. You can now use tags to filter out edits you don't want to see. Previously you could only use tags to focus on the edits with those tags. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T174349]
* [[Special:WhatLinksHere|Special:WhatLinksHere]] shows all pages that link to a specific page. There is now a [https://wlh.toolforge.org prototype] for how to sort those pages alphabetically. You can see the discussion in the [[phab:T4306|Phabricator ticket]].
* You can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thanks]] function on your watchlist and the user contribution page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T51541]
* A wiki page can be moved to give it a new name. You can now get a dropdown menu with common reasons when you move a page. This is so you don't have to write the explanation every time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T325257]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Matrix.org|Matrix]] is a chat tool. You can now use &lt;code&gt;matrix:&lt;/code&gt; to create Matrix links on wiki pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326021]
* You can filter out translations when you look at the recent changes on multilingual wikis. This didn't hide translation pages. You can now also hide subpages which are translation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T233493]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|Realtime preview for wikitext]] is a tool which lets editors preview the page when they edit wikitext. It will be enabled for all users of the 2010 wikitext editor. You will find it in the editor toolbar.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2023-01-10|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2023-01-12|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/02|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W02&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:07, 10 Silimin gɔli January 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24342971 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-03&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The URLs in &quot;{{int:last}}&quot; links on page history now contain &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;diff=prev&amp;oldid=[revision ID]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; in place of &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;diff=[revision ID]&amp;oldid=[revision ID]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. This is to fix a problem with links pointing to incorrect diffs when history was filtered by a tag. Some user scripts may break as a result of this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243569]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|changes to the appearance of talk pages]] have only been available on &lt;code&gt;{{ns:1}}:&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;{{ns:3}}:&lt;/code&gt; namespaces.  These will be extended to other talk namespaces, such as &lt;code&gt;{{ns:5}}:&lt;/code&gt;.  They will continue to be unavailable in non-talk namespaces, including &lt;code&gt;{{ns:4}}:&lt;/code&gt; pages (e.g., at the Village Pump).  You can [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|change your preferences]] ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T325417]
*On Wikisources, when an image is zoomed or panned in the Page: namespace, the same zoom and pan settings will be remembered for all Page: namespace pages that are linked to a particular Index: namespace page. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/ProofreadPage/+/868841]
* The Vector 2022 skin will become the default for the English Wikipedia desktop users. The change will take place on January 18 at 15:00 UTC. [[:en:w:Wikipedia:Vector 2022|Learn more]].

'''Future changes'''
* The 2023 edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey]], which invites contributors to make technical proposals and vote for tools and improvements, starts next week on 23 January 2023 at 18:00 UTC. You can start drafting your proposals in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W03&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:10, 17 Silimin gɔli January 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24381020 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-04&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, for ~15 minutes, all wikis were unreachable for logged-in users and non-cached pages. This was caused by a timing issue. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-17_MediaWiki]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* If you have the Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|DiscussionTools]] enabled, the appearance of talk pages will add more information about discussion activity. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Status][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317907]
* The 2023 edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey]] (CWS), which invites contributors to make technical proposals and vote for tools and improvements, starts on Monday 23 January 2023 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496814 18:00 UTC]. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W04&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:46, 23 Silimin gɔli January 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24418874 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-05&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, for ~15 minutes, some users were unable to log in or edit pages. This was caused by a problem with session storage. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-24_sessionstore_quorum_issues]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis that use localized numbering schemes for references need to add new CSS. This will help to show citation numbers the same way in all reading and editing modes. If your wiki would prefer to do it yourselves, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|details and example CSS to copy from]], and also add your wiki to the list. Otherwise, the developers will directly help out starting the week of February 5.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W05&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:05, 31 Silimin gɔli January 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24455949 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-06&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022 skin]], logged-out users using the full-width toggle will be able to see the setting of their choice even after refreshing pages or opening new ones. This only applies to wikis where Vector 2022 is the default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321498]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Previously, we announced when some wikis would be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. These switches will not be announced any more, as the read-only time has become non-significant. Switches will continue to happen at 7AM UTC on Tuesdays and Thursdays. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292543#8568433]
* Across all the wikis, in the Vector 2022 skin, logged-in users will see the page-related links such as &quot;What links here&quot; in a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/Page_tools|new side menu]]. It will be displayed on the other side of the screen. This change had previously been made on Czech, English, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328692]
*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] will stop receiving new proposals on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1675706431 Monday, 6 February 2023, at 18:00 UTC]. Proposers should complete any edits by then, to give time for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/Help_us|translations]] and review. Voting will begin on Friday, 10 February.

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets and user scripts will be changing to load on desktop and mobile sites. Previously they would only load on the desktop site. It is recommended that wiki administrators audit the [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition|gadget definitions]] prior to this change, and add &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;skins=…&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for any gadgets which should not load on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610 More details are available].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W06&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 10:21, 6 Silimin gɔli February 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24491749 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-07&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* On wikis where patrolled edits are enabled, changes made to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list|mentor list]] by autopatrolled mentors are not correctly marked as patrolled. It will be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328444]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The Reply tool and other parts of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools]] will be deployed for all editors using the mobile site.  You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|read more about this decision]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298060]

'''Future changes'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W07&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:49, 14 Silimin gɔli February 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24540832 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-08&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, during planned maintenance of Cloud Services, unforeseen complications forced the team to turn off all tools for 2–3 hours to prevent data corruption. Work is ongoing to prevent similar problems in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329535] 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
*The voting phase for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] ends on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677261621 24 February at 18:00 UTC]. The results of the survey will be announced on 28 February.

'''Future changes'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W08&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:58, 21 Silimin gɔli February 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24570514 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-09&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, in some areas of the world, there were problems with loading pages for 20 minutes and saving edits for 55 minutes. These issues were caused by a problem with our caching servers due to unforseen events during a routine maintenance task. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_wiki_outage][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_read_only] 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W09&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:47, 27 Silimin gɔli February 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24634242 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-10&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Community Wishlist Survey 2023 edition has been concluded. Community Tech has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|published the results]] of the survey and will provide an update on what is next in April 2023.
* On wikis which use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Writing_systems|LanguageConverter]] to handle multiple writing systems, articles which used custom conversion rules in the wikitext (primarily on Chinese Wikipedia) would have these rules applied inconsistently in the table of contents, especially in the Vector 2022 skin. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306862]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* A search system has been added to the [[Special:Preferences|Preferences screen]]. This will let you find different options more easily. Making it work on mobile devices will happen soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313804]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W10&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:50, 6 Silimin gɔli March 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24676916 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-11&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-cbk_zamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cdowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cebwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ckbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-csbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304542][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304550] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W11&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:20, 13 Silimin gɔli March 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24700189 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-12&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, some users experienced issues loading image thumbnails. This was due to incorrectly cached images. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331820]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A link to the user's [[{{#special:CentralAuth}}]] page will appear on [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] — some user scripts which previously added this link may cause conflicts. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Admins and patrollers/Add link to CentralAuth on Special:Contributions|voted #17 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]].
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[{{#special:AbuseFilter}}]] edit window will be resizable and larger by default. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Make the AbuseFilter edit window resizable and larger by default|voted #80 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]].
* There will be a new option for Administrators when they are unblocking a user, to add the unblocked user’s user page to their watchlist. This will work both via [[{{#special:Unblock}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257662]

'''Meetings'''
* You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1679677204 24 March at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Office Hours|details and how to join]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W12&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:26, 21 Silimin gɔli March 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24732558 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-13&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] condition limit was increased from 1000 to 2000. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309609]
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter#Locally disabled actions|Some Global AbuseFilter]] actions will no longer apply to local projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332521]
* Desktop users are now able to subscribe to talk pages by clicking on the {{int:discussiontools-newtopicssubscription-button-subscribe-label}} link in the {{int:toolbox}} menu. If you subscribe to a talk page, you receive [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications|notifications]] when new topics are started on that talk page. This is separate from putting the page on your watchlist or subscribing to a single discussion. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263821]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* You will be able to choose [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diffs]] on all [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Page history|history pages]] at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The legacy [[mw:Mobile Content Service|Mobile Content Service]] is going away in July 2023. Developers are encouraged to switch to Parsoid or another API before then to ensure service continuity. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/4MVQQTONJT7FJAXNVOFV3WWVVMCHRINE/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W13&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:13, 28 Silimin gɔli March 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24780854 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-14&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The system for automatically creating categories for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Babel|Babel]] extension has had several important changes and fixes. One of them allows you to insert templates for automatic category descriptions on creation, allowing you to categorize the new categories. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T211665][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T64714][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170654][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184941][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33074]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Some older [[w:en:Web browser|Web browsers]] will stop being able to use [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] on Wikimedia wikis from this week. This mainly affects users of Internet Explorer 11. If you have an old web browser on your computer you can try to upgrade to a newer version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T178356]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The deprecated &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;jquery.hoverIntent&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; module has been removed. This module could be used by gadgets and user scripts, to create an artificial delay in how JavaScript responds to a hover event. Gadgets and user scripts should now use jQuery &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;hover()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;on()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; instead. Examples can be found in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Migration_guide_(users)#jquery.hoverIntent|migration guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311194]
* Some of the links in [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] will be re-arranged. There will be a clearer separation between links that relate to all users, and links related to your own user account. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333242]
* You will be able to hide the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply button]] in archived discussion pages with a new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__ARCHIVEDTALK__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; magic word.  There will also be a new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.mw-archivedtalk&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; CSS class for hiding the Reply button in individual sections on a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249293][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295553][https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/DiscussionTools/+/738221]

'''Future changes'''
* The Vega software that creates data visualizations in pages, such as graphs, will be upgraded to the newest version in the future. Graphs that still use the very old version 1.5 syntax may stop working properly. Most existing uses have been found and updated, but you can help to check, and to update any local documentation. [[phab:T260542|Examples of how to find and fix these graphs are available]]. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W14&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:39, 3 Silimin gɔli April 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24820268 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-15&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] In the visual editor, it is now possible to edit captions of images in galleries without opening the gallery dialog. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/Editable gallery captions in Visual Editor|voted #61 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190224]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] You can now receive notifications when another user edits your user page. See the &quot;{{int:Echo-category-title-edit-user-page}}&quot; option in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo|your Preferences]]. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Notifications for user page edits|voted #3 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T3876]

'''Problems'''
* There was a problem with all types of CentralNotice banners still being shown to logged-in users even if they had [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-centralnotice-banners|turned off]] specific banner types. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331671]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-arywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dinwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-elwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-emlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-etwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-euwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-extwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tumwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ffwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiu_vrowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-furwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gcrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gotwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-guwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304551][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308133]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W15&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:05, 10 Silimin gɔli April 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24851886 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-16&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* You can now see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Show_nearby_articles|nearby articles on a Kartographer map]] with the button for the new feature &quot;{{int:Kartographer-sidebar-nearbybutton}}&quot;. Six wikis have been testing this feature since October. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles#Implementation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334079]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Special:GlobalWatchlist]] page now has links for &quot;{{int:globalwatchlist-markpageseen}}&quot; for each entry. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Button to mark a single change as read in the global watch list|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334246]

'''Problems'''
* At Wikimedia Commons, some thumbnails have not been getting replaced correctly after a new version of the image is uploaded. This should be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331138][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333042]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] For the last few weeks, some external tools had inconsistent problems with logging-in with OAuth. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332650]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W16&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:54, 18 Silimin gɔli April 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24881071 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-17&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The date-selection menu on pages such as [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] will now show year-ranges that are in the current and past decade, instead of the current and future decade. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Change year range shown in date selection popup|voted #145 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]].  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334316]

'''Problems'''
* Due to security issues with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]], graphs have been disabled in all Wikimedia projects. Wikimedia Foundation teams are working to respond to these vulnerabilities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940]
* For a few days, it was not possible to save some kinds of edits on the mobile version of a wiki. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334797][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334799][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334794]

'''Changes later this week'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on April 26. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682517653 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* The Editing team plans an A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|a usability analysis of the Talk page project]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|planned measurements are available]]. Your wiki [[phab:T332946|may be invited to participate]]. Please suggest improvements to the measurement plan at [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/Usability|the discussion page]].
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024|The Wikimedia Foundation annual plan 2023-2024 draft is open for comment and input]] until May 19. The final plan will be published in July 2023 on Meta-wiki.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W17&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:03, 24 Silimin gɔli April 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24933592 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-18&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the French and Italian Wikipedias. More languages will be added in the near future. This is part of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend &quot;Who Wrote That?&quot; tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243711][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270490][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891]
* The [[:commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2commons]] tool has been updated. This fixed several bugs related to YouTube uploads. [https://github.com/toolforge/video2commons/pull/162/commits]
* The [[{{#special:Preferences}}]] page has been redesigned on mobile web. The new design makes it easier to browse the different categories and settings at low screen widths. You can also now access the page via a link in the Settings menu in the mobile web sidebar. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Content_moderation_on_mobile_web/Preferences]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W18&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:45, 2 Silimin gɔli May 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24966974 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-19&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Last week, Community Tech released the first update for providing [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diffs]], the #1 request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey. [[phab:T324759|This update]] adds legends and tooltips to inline diffs so that users unfamiliar with the blue and yellow highlights can better understand the type of edits made.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] When you close an image that is displayed via MediaViewer, it will now return to the wiki page instead of going back in your browser history. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Return to the article when closing the MediaViewer|voted #65 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T236591]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|SyntaxHighlight]] extension now supports &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;wikitext&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; as a selected language. Old alternatives that were used to highlight wikitext, such as &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;html5&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;moin&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;html+handlebars&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, can now be replaced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29828]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Creating pages with preloaded text|Preloading text to new pages/sections]] now supports preloading from localized MediaWiki interface messages. [https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Martin_Urbanec_(WMF)?action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;preload=MediaWiki:July Here is an example] at the {{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}} that uses &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;preload=MediaWiki:July&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330337]

'''Problems'''
* Graph Extension update: Foundation developers have completed upgrading the visualization software to Vega5. Existing community graphs based on Vega2 are no longer compatible. Communities need to update local graphs and templates, and shared lua modules like &lt;bdi lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:de:Modul:Graph]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. The [https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/porting-guide/ Vega Porting guide] provides the most comprehensive detail on migration from Vega2 and [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Graph:PageViews&amp;action=history here is an example migration]. Vega5 has currently just been enabled on mediawiki.org to provide a test environment for communities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940#8813922]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Until now, all new OAuth apps went through manual review. Starting this week, apps using identification-only or basic authorizations will not require review. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67750]

'''Future changes'''
* During the next year, MediaWiki will stop using IP addresses to identify logged-out users, and will start automatically assigning unique temporary usernames. Read more at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates|IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates]]. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#What should it look like?|join the discussion]] about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates#What will temporary usernames look like?|format of the temporary usernames]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332805]
* There will be an [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on 10 Wikipedias where the Vector 2022 skin is the default skin. Half of logged-in desktop users will see an interface where the different parts of the page are more clearly separated. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2023-05 Zebra9 A/B test|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333180][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335972]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] &lt;code&gt;jquery.tipsy&lt;/code&gt; will be removed from the MediaWiki core. This will affect some user scripts. Many lines with &lt;code&gt;.tipsy(&lt;/code&gt; can be commented out. &lt;code&gt;OO.ui.PopupWidget&lt;/code&gt; can be used to keep things working like they are now. You can [[phab:T336019|read more]] and [[:mw:Help:Locating broken scripts|read about how to find broken scripts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336019]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W19&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:36, 9 Silimin gɔli May 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24998636 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-20&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Citations that are automatically generated based on [[d:Q33057|ISBN]] are currently broken. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts. Work is ongoing to restore this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298] 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-gorwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hakwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hifwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-htwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-igwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ilowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-inhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308134] 

'''Future changes'''
* There is a recently formed team at the Wikimedia Foundation which will be focusing on experimenting with new tools. Currently they are building [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI|a prototype ChatGPT plugin that allows information generated by ChatGPT to be properly attributed]] to the Wikimedia projects.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and userscript developers should replace &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;jquery.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mediawiki.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;jquery.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; library will be removed in ~1 month, and staff developers will run a script to replace any remaining uses at that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336018]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W20&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:45, 15 Silimin gɔli May 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25011501 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-21&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The &quot;recent edits&quot; time period for page watchers is now 30 days. It used to be 180 days. This was a [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Change information about the number of watchers on a page|Community Wishlist Survey proposal]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336250]

'''Changes later this week'''
* An [[mw:special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Impact|improved impact module]] will be available at Wikipedias. The impact module is a feature available to newcomers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer homepage|at their personal homepage]]. It will show their number of edits, how many readers their edited pages have, how many thanks they have received and similar things. It is also accessible by accessing Special:Impact. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W21&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

16:55, 22 Silimin gɔli May 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25028325 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-22&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Citations can once again be added automatically from ISBNs, thanks to Zotero's ISBN searches. The current data sources are the Library of Congress (United States), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (French National Library), and K10plus ISBN (German repository). Additional data source searches can be [[mw:Citoid/Creating Zotero translators|proposed to Zotero]]. The ISBN labels in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]] will reappear later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298#8859917]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The page [[{{#special:EditWatchlist}}]] now has &quot;{{int:watchlistedit-normal-check-all}}&quot; options to select all the pages within a namespace. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Watchlist edit - &quot;check all&quot; checkbox|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334252]	

'''Problems'''
* For a few days earlier this month, the &quot;Add interlanguage link&quot; item in the Tools menu did not work properly. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337081]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/small.dblist small] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/medium.dblist medium] wikis this week. Large wikis will follow in the coming weeks. This is part of the effort to move Parsoid into MediaWiki core. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W22&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:03, 29 Silimin gɔli May 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25079963 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-23&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe|RealMe]] extension allows you to mark URLs on your user page as verified for Mastodon and similar software.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Citation and footnote editing can now be started from the reference list when using the visual editor. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Citations/Allow citations to be edited in the references section with VisualEditor|voted #2 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T54750]
* Previously, clicking on someone else's link to Recent Changes with filters applied within the URL could unintentionally change your preference for &quot;{{int:Rcfilters-group-results-by-page}}&quot;. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202916#8874081]

'''Problems'''
* For a few days last week, some tools and bots returned outdated information due to database replication problems, and may have been down entirely while it was being fixed. These issues have now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337446]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Bots will no longer be prevented from making edits because of URLs that match the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SpamBlacklist|spam blacklist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313107]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W23&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:52, 5 Silimin gɔli June 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25114640 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-24&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the Dutch, German, Hungarian, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish and Portuguese Wikipedias. This was the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend &quot;Who Wrote That?&quot; tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Search Improvements#Search Preview panel|Search Preview panel]] has been deployed on four Wikipedias (Catalan, Dutch, Hungarian and Norwegian). The panel will show an image related to the article (if existing), the top sections of the article, related images (coming from MediaSearch on Commons), and eventually the sister projects associated with the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306341]
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe#Verifying_a_link_on_non-user_pages|RealMe]] extension now allows administrators to verify URLs for any page, for Mastodon and similar software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324937]
* The default project license [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimediaannounce-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/7G6XPWZPQFLZ2JANN3ZX6RT4DVUI3HZQ/ has been officially upgraded] to CC BY-SA 4.0. The software interface messages have been updated. Communities should feel free to start updating any mentions of the old CC BY-SA 3.0 licensing within policies and related documentation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319064]

'''Problems'''
* For three days last month, some Wikipedia pages edited with VisualEditor or DiscussionTools had an unintended &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__TOC__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (or its localized form) added during an edit. There is [[mw:Parsoid/Deployments/T336101_followup|a listing of affected pages sorted by wiki]], that may still need to be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336101]
* Currently, the &quot;{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}&quot; feature in VisualEditor is broken. Existing &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; keywords incorrectly appear as missing templates in VisualEditor. Developers are exploring how to fix this. In the meantime, those wishing to edit the default sortkey of a page are advised to switch to source editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Last week, an update to the delete form may have broken some gadgets or user scripts. If you need to manipulate (empty) the reason field, replace &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;#wpReason&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;#wpReason &gt; input&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. See [https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3AGadget-CleanDeleteReasons.js&amp;diff=22859956&amp;oldid=12794189 an example fix]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337809]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on English Wikipedia on Monday, and all other [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/large.dblist large] wikis on Thursday. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529]

'''Future changes'''
* From 5 June to 17 July, the Foundation's [[:mw:Wikimedia Security Team|Security team]] is holding a consultation with contributors regarding a draft policy to govern the use of third-party resources in volunteer-developed gadgets and scripts. Feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|Third-party resources policy]] on meta-wiki.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W24&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 14:51, 12 Silimin gɔli June 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25133779 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-25&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Flame graphs are now available in WikimediaDebug. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JXNQD3EHG5V5QW5UXFDPSHQG4MJ3FWJQ/][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2023/06/08/flame-graphs-arrive-in-wikimediadebug/]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.
* There is now a toolbar search popup in the visual editor. You can trigger it by typing &lt;code&gt;\&lt;/code&gt; or pressing &lt;code&gt;ctrl + shift + p&lt;/code&gt;. It can help you quickly access most tools in the editor. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Visual_editor_toolbar_search_feature.png][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T66905]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W25&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:09, 19 Silimin gɔli June 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25159510 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-26&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Action API modules and Special:LinkSearch will now add a trailing &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;/&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to all &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;prop=extlinks&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; responses for bare domains. This is part of the work to remove duplication in the &lt;code&gt;externallinks&lt;/code&gt; database table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337994]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, search was broken on Commons and Wikidata for 23 hours. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339810][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-06-18_search_broken_on_wikidata_and_commons]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Minerva skin now applies more predefined styles to the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.mbox-text&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; CSS class. This enables support for mbox templates that use divs instead of tables. Please make sure that the new styles won't affect other templates in your wiki. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/skins/MinervaNeue/+/930901/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339040]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets will now load on both desktop and mobile by default. Previously, gadgets loaded only on desktop by default. Changing this default using the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;|targets=&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; parameter is also deprecated and should not be used. You should make gadgets work on mobile or disable them based on the skin (with the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;|skins=&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; parameter in &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition&lt;/bdi&gt;) rather than whether the user uses the mobile or the desktop website. Popular gadgets that create errors on mobile will be disabled by developers on the Minerva skin as a temporary solution. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T127268]
* All namespace tabs now have the same browser [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Keyboard_shortcuts|access key]] by default. Previously, custom and extension-defined namespaces would have to have their access keys set manually on-wiki, but that is no longer necessary. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T22126]
* The review form of the Flagged Revisions extension now uses the standardized [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|user interface components]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change in the coming weeks at [[:wikitech:Deployments/Train#Thursday|group2 wikis]]. This change improves the accessibility of content. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W26&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:19, 26 Silimin gɔli June 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25202311 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-27&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W27&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the rolling out of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposal, [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/small.dblist small wikis] will now be able to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline audio player mode|inline audio player]] that is implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] From this week all gadgets automatically load on mobile and desktop sites. If you see any problems with gadgets on your wikis, please adjust the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|gadget options]] in your gadget definitions file. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W27&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:51, 3 Silimin gɔli July 2023 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-28&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W28&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Section-level Image Suggestions|Section-level Image Suggestions feature]] has been deployed on seven Wikipedias (Portuguese, Russian, Indonesian, Catalan, Hungarian, Finnish and Norwegian Bokmål). The feature recommends images for articles on contributors' watchlists that are a good match for individual sections of those articles.
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global abuse filters]] have been enabled on all Wikimedia projects, except English and Japanese Wikipedias (who opted out). This change was made following a [[:m:Requests for comment/Make global abuse filters opt-out|global request for comments]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341159]
* [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] is a new tool for administrators to help fight spam. It provides a clearer interface for blocking plain domains (and their subdomains), is more easily searchable, and is faster for the software to process for each edit on the wiki. It does not support regex (for complex cases), nor URL path-matching, nor the [[MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist|MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist]], but otherwise it replaces most of the functionalities of the existing [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist|MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]]. There is a Python script to help migrate all simple domains into this tool, and more feature details, within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:BlockedExternalDomains|the tool's documentation]]. It is available at all wikis except for Meta-wiki, Commons, and Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337431]
* The WikiEditor extension was updated. It includes some of the most frequently used features of wikitext editing. In the past, many of its messages could only be translated by administrators, but now all regular translators on translatewiki can translate them. Please check [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=ext-wikieditor&amp;messages=&amp;x=D#sortable:0=asc the state of WikiEditor localization into your language], and if the &quot;Completion&quot; for your language shows anything less than 100%, please complete the translation. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-ambassadors@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/D4YELU2DXMZ75PGELUOKXXMFF3FH45XA/ a more detailed explanation].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The default protocol of [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and API counterparts has changed from http to both http and https. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14810]
* [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and its API counterparts will now search for all of the URL provided in the query. It used to be only the first 60 characters. This feature was requested fifteen years ago. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T17218]

'''Future changes'''
* There is an experiment with a [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin. This is to show users where the information is coming from when they read information from Wikipedia. It has been tested by Wikimedia Foundation staff and other Wikimedians. Soon all ChatGPT plugin users can use the Wikipedia plugin. This is the same plugin which was mentioned in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Tech News 2023/20]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI]
* There is an ongoing discussion on a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|proposed Third-party resources policy]]. The proposal will impact the use of third-party resources in gadgets and userscripts. Based on the ideas received so far, policy includes some of the risks related to user scripts and gadgets loading third-party resources, some best practices and exemption requirements such as code transparency and inspectability. Your feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome until July 17, 2023 on [[m:Talk:Third-party resources policy|on the policy talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W28&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:54, 10 Silimin gɔli July 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25278797 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-29&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W29&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] We are now serving 1% of all global user traffic from [[:en:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] (you can [[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more technical details]]). We are planning to increment this percentage regularly. You can [[phab:T290536|follow the progress of this work]]. 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System_message|system messages]] will now look for available local fallbacks, instead of always using the default fallback defined by software. This means wikis no longer need to override each language on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback_languages|fallback chain]] separately. For example, English Wikipedia doesn't have to create &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;en-ca&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;en-gb&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; subpages with a transclusion of the base pages anymore. This makes it easier to maintain local overrides. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T229992]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;action=growthsetmentorstatus&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; API will be deprecated with the new MediaWiki version. Bots or scripts calling that API should use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;action=growthmanagementorlist&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; API now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321503]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W29&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:08, 17 Silimin gɔli July 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25289122 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-30&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W30&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]]   On July 18, the Wikimedia Foundation launched a survey about the [[:mw:Technical_decision_making|technical decision making process]] for people who do technical work that relies on software that is maintained by the Foundation or affiliates. If this applies to you, [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/885471 please take part in the survey]. The survey will be open for three weeks, until August 7. You can find more information in [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/Q7DUCFA75DXG3G2KHTO7CEWMLCYTSDB2/|the announcement e-mail on wikitech-l]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W30&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:20, 25 Silimin gɔli July 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25332248 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
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''This newsletter combines content from both June and July, due to a delay in sharing out the previous newsletter.''

'''Updates:''' 
* '''New Movement Charter content published:''' The Committee published new draft chapters on the [[m:Movement Charter/Content/Global Council|'''Global''' '''Council''']], [[m:Movement Charter/Content/Hubs|'''Hubs''']] and the [[m:Movement Charter/Content/Glossary|'''Glossary''']]. You are invited to share your feedback or ask any questions you may have to the Committee before September 1, 2023 on the following talk pages:
** [[m:Talk:Movement Charter/Content/Global Council|Share your feedback on The Global Council draft]] 
** [[m:Talk:Movement Charter/Content/Hubs|Share your feedback on Hubs draft]] 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Content/One-page draft|'''Revised draft chapters published on Meta:''']] The Committee has shared the revised draft chapters: [[m:Movement Charter/Content/One-page draft#Preamble|Preamble]], [[m:Movement Charter/Content/One-page draft#Values &amp; Principles|Values &amp; Principles]], and [[m:Movement Charter/Content/One-page draft#Roles &amp; Responsibilities|Roles &amp; Responsibilities]] intentions statement. These revisions are based on the [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation#November-December 2022 consultation|community feedback]] received in November-December 2022. 
* [[m:wmfblog:2023/06/02/how-will-the-wikimedia-movement-ratify-its-charter/|'''Ratification Methodology community feedback:''']] The summary of community feedback on the proposed methodology for the ratification of the Charter is on Diff. 

* Listen to the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jy_IQ_G1wEI '''WikiAfrica Hour #46: Africa and Movement Charter'''], where MCDC members [[m:User:Anass Sedrati|Anass Sedrati]] and [[m:User:Geugeor-WMF|Georges Foudoup]]  talk about Movement Charter, its aims and objectives, and the relevance to the African community. 
* MCDC member’s are busy participating in various community events to discuss Movement Charter. [[m:User:Manavpreet Kaur|Manavpreet Kaur]], a member of the Global Council and Roles and Responsibilities Drafting Groups [[m:EduWiki Conference 2023/Program/MCDC|joined the EduWikiConference 2023]].  The MCDC support staff [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|Ramzy Muliawan]] shared updates about the charter at [[m:WikiNusantara 2023|WikiNustantara 2023]] in Banjarmasin, Indonesia ([https://twitter.com/wikimediaid/status/1659772318913294336 @wikimediaid on Twitter]). The Wikimedia communities in Indonesia were engaged by [[m:Grants:Project/MSIG/Arcuscloud/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program|Movement Charter Ambassador]] [[m:User:Arcuscloud|Arcuscloud]] in the [[m:Grants:Project/MSIG/Arcuscloud/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program|last round of community conversations]]. 

* [[m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Updates#May 2023|'''Learn about MCDC’s work in May &amp; June:''']] as usual, the update includes information about the meetings held by the Committee in this month, as well as about the work that was completed and the ongoing work &amp; discussions. 

'''What’s coming up?''' 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation#MCDC Live Launch Party|'''Join the live launch party''']]: The Drafting Committee is hosting a launch party on July 30th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1690725614 14.00 UTC] to celebrate the new drafts, introduce them to the community and give space for sharing thoughts and feedback. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZYsdOiurT0vHta6stHaiHHEyrwK3RUPveBR#/registration '''Register here to receive a Zoom link to the launch party.'''] 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Ambassadors Program/Grant|'''Movement Charter Community Conversation grants''']] are open for individuals or groups who want to organize conversations about the Charter content. Talk to us if you need any support on [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/c/ensure-equity-in-decision-making/movement-charter-ambassadors/38 the MS Forum]! Apply for a grant before Jul 30, 2023. 
* [[m:wmania:2023:Wikimania|'''Wikimania 2023''']]''':''' Wikimania 2023: Members of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee are excited to be attending Wikimania Singapore in August, to speak to and hear from you in person (and hybrid) about the four drafts and the Charter in general.
* '''Community events:''' MCDC members will be present in the [[m:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2023|CEE Meeting]] in September in Georgia to discuss the Charter content with the CEE and CA communities. In addition, the MCDC prioritizes participation in the conferences planned for 2023 to continue conversations on the content of the Charter with the communities: [[m:WikiConvention francophone/2023|WikiConvention Francophone]], [[m:WikiWomenCamp 2023|WikiWomen Camp]],  [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2023|WikiIndaba Morocco]], [[m:wikiconference:2023/Main_Page|WikiConference North America]], [[m:GLAM Wiki 2023|GLAM Wiki Conference]], among others.

''Subscribe to this newsletter [[m:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Newsletter|on Meta wiki]]''
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--12:25, 30 Silimin gɔli July 2023 (GMT).
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-31&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Synchronizer|Synchronizer]] tool is now available to keep Lua modules synced across Wikimedia wikis, along with [[mw:Multilingual Templates and Modules|updated documentation]] to develop global Lua modules and templates.
* The tag filter on [[{{#special:NewPages}}]] and revision history pages can now be inverted. For example, you can hide edits that were made using an automated tool. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334337][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334338]
* The Wikipedia [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin experiment can now be used by ChatGPT users who can use plugins. You can participate in a [[:m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future Audiences#Announcing monthly Future Audiences open &quot;office hours&quot;|video call]] if you want to talk about this experiment or similar work. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI]

'''Problems'''
* It was not possible to generate a PDF for pages with non-Latin characters in the title, for the last two weeks. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342442]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Tuesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-kawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kaawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-knwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kshwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kwwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308135] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W31&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:54, 31 Silimin gɔli July 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25362228 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-32&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Mobile Web editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile_contributions#August_1,_2023_-_Full-page_editing_added_on_mobile|edit a whole page at once]]. To use this feature, turn on &quot;{{int:Mobile-frontend-mobile-option-amc}}&quot; in your settings and use the &quot;{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}&quot; button in the &quot;{{int:Minerva-page-actions-overflow}}&quot; menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203151]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W32&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:21, 7 Silimin gɔli August 2023 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter: August 2023&lt;/span&gt; ==

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'''Updates'''
* '''Community consultation''': The community consultation on the [[m:Special:MyLanguages/Movement_Charter/Content/Global_Council|Global Council]], [[m:Special:MyLanguages/Movement_Charter/Content/Hubs|Hubs]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguages/Movement_Charter/Content/Glossary|Glossary]] drafts is ongoing. We value your input, if you have not already, please take a moment to review the draft chapters and share your thoughts with the MCDC. We’ve posed open questions we would like your opinion on. Feel free to engage in a way that is most comfortable for you and your community. Learn more on our Diff blogs about the [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/07/13/a-global-council-for-our-movement/ Global Council] and [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/07/27/building-wikimedia-movement-hubs-together/ Hubs]. 
* '''Launch Party''': On July 30 we hosted a Launch Party to share the Global Council and Hubs draft chapters. It was an inspiring event where we had the opportunity to listen to your feedback and address some of your questions. If you missed it, you can catch the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SItWeX78tv8&amp;list=LL&amp;index=4 recording on YouTube].
* '''Community Conversations''': We want to hear from as many people as possible. On July 16, the SWAN meeting opened its doors and offered an opportunity to interact with the MCDC members regarding the new drafts of the charter. [[m:Strategic_Wikimedia_Affiliates_Network/2023_07#Notes|Notes are available here]]. On July 28, a regional conversation with the Francophone community was held. Here comes a [[m:Talk:Movement_Charter/Content/Global_Council#Summary_of_the_feedback_from_the_francophone_conversation|short summary here in English and French]]. Additionally, on August 2 we had a fruitful conversation with the [[m:Talk:Movement_Charter/Content/Hubs#Summary_from_2_August_call|LATAM region]]. 
* '''[[m:Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Updates#July_2023|MCDC’s Work in July]]''': As usual, the update includes information about the meetings held by the Committee in this month, as well as about the work that was completed and the ongoing work &amp; discussions. 

'''Upcoming'''
* '''Join the MCDC at Wikimania''': Whether you’ll be at Wikimania 2023 in person or joining virtually, there are a few events that we would like to invite you to. Please drop by for a casual conversation. We would love to connect to workshop any ideas together. Drop in, get a sweet treat, and share your thoughts with us! [https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/2023:Registration Register] and see below for an overview of our time together: 
** Tuesday, August 15
*** {{zonestamp|2023-08-15 02:00|02:00 UTC}}: [https://pretalx.com/wm2023/talk/UVKSKQ/ '''Movement Strategy &amp; Governance Connection track - Welcome and opening'''] (Room 325)
*** {{zonestamp|2023-08-15 05:45|05:45 UTC}}: [https://pretalx.com/wm2023/talk/FJCXUP/ '''Movement Charter Drafting Committee: Open office hour'''] (Room 326)
** Wednesday, August 16
*** {{zonestamp|2023-08-16 03:15|03:15 UTC}}: [https://pretalx.com/wm2023/talk/EYGDHC/ '''Role Play the Future Roles and Responsibilities in the Movement'''] (Room 326)
** Thursday, 17 August
*** {{zonestamp|2023-08-17 03:15|03:15 UTC}}: [https://pretalx.com/wm2023/talk/AWXHMA/ '''Movement Charter Content Discussions'''] (Room 310)
* A '''[[m:Special:MyLanguages/Movement_Charter/Community_Consultation#Regional_conversation:_Middle_East_and_North_Africa|regional call tailored for the MENA region]]''' will be conducted in Arabic on September 2 at 17.00 UTC. Kindly indicate your interest to attend this meeting.  
''Subscribe to this newsletter [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Newsletter|on Meta-wiki]]''
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

MCDC Support Team, 23:53, 14 Silimin gɔli August 2023 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-33&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Content translation system is no longer using Youdao's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation|machine translation service]]. The service was in place for several years, but due to no usage, and availability of alternatives, it was deprecated to reduce maintenance overheads. Other services which cover the same languages are still available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329137]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ladwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lezwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lfnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-liwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lijwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lmowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ltgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-maiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-map_bmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mdfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kywiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308136] &lt;!-- TODO replace wiki codes --&gt;

'''Future changes'''
* A few gadgets/user scripts which add icons to the Minerva skin need to have their CSS updated. There are more details available including a [[phab:T344067|search for all existing instances and how to update them]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W33&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 05:59, 15 Silimin gɔli August 2023 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-34&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [https://gdrive-to-commons.toolforge.org/ GDrive to Commons Uploader] tool is now available. It enables [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GDrive to Commons Uploader|securely selecting and uploading files]] from your Google Drive directly to Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267868]
* From now on, we will announce new Wikimedia wikis in Tech News, so you can update any tools or pages.
** Since the last edition, two new wikis have been created:
*** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q7121294|Pa'O]] ([[wikt:blk:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:blk:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343540]
*** a Wikisource in [[d:Q34002|Sundanese]] ([[s:su:|&lt;code&gt;s:su:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343539]
** To catch up, the next most recent six wikis are:
*** Wikifunctions ([[f:|&lt;code&gt;f:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275945]
*** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[wikt:btm:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:btm:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335216]
*** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q5555465|Ghanaian Pidgin]] ([[w:gpe:|&lt;code&gt;w:gpe:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335969]
*** a Wikinews in [[d:Q3111668|Gungbe]] ([[n:guw:|&lt;code&gt;n:guw:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334394]
*** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q33522|Kabardian]] ([[wikt:kbd:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:kbd:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333266]
*** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35570|Fante]] ([[w:fat:|&lt;code&gt;w:fat:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335016]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There is an existing [[mw:Stable interface policy|stable interface policy]] for MediaWiki backend code. There is a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Stable interface policy/frontend|proposed stable interface policy for frontend code]]. This is relevant for anyone who works on gadgets or Wikimedia frontend code. You can read it, discuss it, and let the proposer know if there are any problems. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W34&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

15:25, 21 Silimin gɔli August 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25497111 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-35&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diff handling of paragraph splits]], improved detection of splits is being rolled out. Over the last two weeks, we deployed this support to [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Groups|group0]] and group1 wikis. This week it will be deployed to group2 wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341754]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] All [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] pages now show the user's local edit count and the account's creation date. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324166]
* Wikisource users can now use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;prpbengalicurrency&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; label to denote Bengali currency characters as page numbers inside the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pagelist&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; tag.  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268932]
* Two preferences have been relocated. The preference &quot;{{int:visualeditor-preference-visualeditor}}&quot; is now shown on the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|&quot;{{int:prefs-editing}}&quot; tab]] at all wikis. Previously it was shown on the &quot;{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}&quot; tab at some wikis. The preference &quot;{{int:visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-enable}}&quot; is now also shown on the &quot;{{int:prefs-editing}}&quot; tab at all wikis, instead of the &quot;{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}&quot; tab. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335056][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344158]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-31|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] New signups for a Wikimedia developer account will start being pushed towards &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://idm.wikimedia.org/ idm.wikimedia.org]&lt;/bdi&gt;, rather than going via Wikitech. [[wikitech:IDM|Further information about the new system is available]].
* All right-to-left language wikis, plus Korean, Armenian, Ukrainian, Russian, and Bulgarian Wikipedias, will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. This feature will come to more wikis in future weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921]

'''Future changes'''
* The removal of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DoubleWiki|DoubleWiki extension]] is being discussed. This extension currently allows Wikisource users to view articles from multiple language versions side by side when the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;=&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; symbol next to a specific language edition is selected. Comments on this are welcomed at [[phab:T344544|the phabricator task]].
* A proposal has been made to merge the second hidden-categories list (which appears below the wikitext editing form) with the main list of categories (which is further down the page). [[phab:T340606|More information is available on Phabricator]]; feedback is welcome!

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W35&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 14:00, 28 Silimin gɔli August 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25510866 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-36&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[m:Wikisource_EditInSequence|EditInSequence]], a feature that allows users to edit pages faster on Wikisource has been moved to a Beta Feature based on community feedback. To enable it, you can navigate to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features tab in Preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Generate Audio for IPA|Generate Audio for IPA]] and [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|Audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposals, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player mode]] of [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] has been deployed to all projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763]
* There is a new option for Administrators when they are changing the usergroups for a user, to add the user’s user page to their watchlist. This works both via [[{{#special:UserRights}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272294]
* One new wiki has been created:
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34318|Talysh]] ([[w:tly:|&lt;code&gt;w:tly:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345166]
'''Problems'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:LoginNotify|LoginNotify extension]] was not sending notifications since January. It has now been fixed, so going forward, you may see notifications for failed login attempts, and successful login attempts from a new device. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344785]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-mhrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-miwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-minwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mtwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mwlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-myvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mznwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-napwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ndswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nds_nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-novwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nqowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nrmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nsowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ocwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-olowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-omwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-orwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-oswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pagwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-papwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pcdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pdcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pflwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pihwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pnbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pntwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pswiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308137][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308138]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W36&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:33, 4 Silimin gɔli September 2023 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-37&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES]], the revision evaluation service, is now using a new open-source infrastructure on all wikis except for English Wikipedia and Wikidata. These two will follow this week. If you notice any unusual results from the Recent Changes filters that are related to ORES (for example, &quot;{{int:ores-rcfilters-damaging-title}}&quot; and &quot;{{int:ores-rcfilters-goodfaith-title}}&quot;), please [[mw:Talk:Machine Learning|report them]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342115]
* When you are logged in on one Wikimedia wiki and visit a different Wikimedia wiki, the system tries to log you in there automatically. This has been unreliable for a long time. You can now visit the login page to make the system try extra hard. If you feel that made logging in better or worse than it used to be, your feedback is appreciated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326281]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Technical decision making|Technical Decision-Making Forum Retrospective]] team invites anyone involved in the technical field of Wikimedia projects to signup to and join [[mw:Technical decision making/Listening Sessions|one of their listening sessions]] on 13 September. Another date will be scheduled later. The goal is to improve the technical decision-making processes.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|Better diff handling of paragraph splits]] wishlist proposal, the inline switch widget in diff pages is being rolled out this week to all wikis. The inline switch will allow viewers to toggle between a unified inline or two-column diff wikitext format. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336716]

'''Future changes'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on 20 September. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263]
* The Enterprise API is launching a new feature called &quot;[http://breakingnews-beta.enterprise.wikimedia.com/ breaking news]&quot;. Currently in BETA, this attempts to identify likely &quot;newsworthy&quot; topics as they are currently being written about in any Wikipedia. Your help is requested to improve the accuracy of its detection model, especially on smaller language editions, by recommending templates or identifiable editing patterns. See more information at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/Breaking news|the documentation page]] on MediaWiki or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#What is Breaking News|the FAQ]] on Meta.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W37&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:08, 11 Silimin gɔli September 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25589064 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2023 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue VIII, August 2023&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos in Albania and Kosovo
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Highlights on Wikimania 2023
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Armenia report|Armenia report]]: Wikimedia Armenia GLAM projects in August
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Activities in Belgium September-December 2023
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: 4 new GLAM-Wiki partnerships and uploads from several institutions
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: Wiki-Wednesdays: Digital Literacy for GLAM workers 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Summer does not stop the wiki collaborations
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: The Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos in Albania and Kosovo; Wiki Loves Earth in Albania and Kosovo
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Public sculpture photo trail: documenting Auckland sculptures in Wikidata; Aotearoa's Wikimedia Laureate
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Presentation for school librarians at Wikiteka, Ongoing projects
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: A month in the shine of Wikidata and new cooperation
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Showcasing collaboration with the Nordic Museum at Wikimania 2023; Working with Swedish folk high schools
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programm
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Islamic art exhibitions and heritage innovation
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Great North American Wiknic
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Wikidocumentaries to import images from the web to Structured Data on Commons – a Google Summer of Code project
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Hub updates at Wikimania 2023; Supporting Wiki Loves Monuments teams
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: Open call: OpenRefine-Wikimedia train-the-trainer course, November 2023-April 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: Looking back, looking ahead
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/WREN at Wikimania report|WREN at Wikimania report]]: Wikimedians in Residence Exchange Network at Wikimania Singapore
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11:01, 12 Silimin gɔli September 2023 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=25585038 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-38&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W38&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki now has a [[mw:Stable interface policy/frontend|stable interface policy for frontend code]] that more clearly defines how we deprecate MediaWiki code and wiki-based code (e.g. gadgets and user scripts). Thank you to everyone who contributed to the content and discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346467][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263]
* All wikis will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The team investigating the Graph Extension posted [[mw:Extension:Graph/Plans#Proposal|a proposal for reenabling it]] and they need your input.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W38&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:19, 18 Silimin gɔli September 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25623533 --&gt;

== Organizer Tools Office Hours &amp; Event Discovery Project ==

('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/fr|Lire ce message en français]])'''; ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/es|Ver este mensaje en español]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/sw|Angalia ujumbe huu kwa Kiswahili]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/ar|إقرأ هذه الرسالة بالعربي]]''') &lt;small&gt; {{int:please-translate}} &lt;/small&gt;.

[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team|The Campaigns team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation has some updates to share with you, which are:

We invite you to attend our upcoming community office hours to learn about organizer tools, including the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration|Event registration tool]] (which has [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#September 18, 2023: October office hours &amp; upcoming features|new and upcoming features]]). '''The office hours are on the following dates, and you can join one or both of them:'''

*'''Saturday, October 7 at 12:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session A|Register here]]''')   
**Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Swahili
*'''Tuesday, October 10 at 18:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session B|Register here]]'''). 
**Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Swahili

'''We have launched a new project: [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|Event Discovery]]'''.  This project aims to make it easier for editors to learn about campaign events. '''We need your help to understand how you would like to discover events on the wikis, so that we can create a useful solution. Please share your feedback on our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|project talk page]]'''.

; Thank you, and we hope to see you at the upcoming office hours! 
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]])   19:54, 24 Silimin gɔli September 2023 (GMT)

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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-39&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W39&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Vector 2022 skin will now remember the pinned/unpinned status for the Table of Contents for all logged-out users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316060]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mediawiki.ui&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; modules are now deprecated as part of the move to Vue.js and Codex. There is a [[mw:Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. More [[phab:T346468|details are available in the task]] and your questions are welcome there.
* Gadget definitions will have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new &quot;namespaces&quot; option]]. The option takes a list of namespace IDs. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages in the given namespaces.

'''Future changes'''
* New variables will be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]]: &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;global_account_groups&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;global_account_editcount&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. They are available only when an account is being created. You can use them to prevent blocking automatic creation of accounts when users with many edits elsewhere visit your wiki for the first time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345632][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Rules_format]

'''Meetings'''
* You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1698426015 27 October at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Office_Hours#October_2023|details and how to join]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W39&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:51, 26 Silimin gɔli September 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25655264 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-40&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W40&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There is a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-advancedrendering|user preference]] for &quot;{{int:tog-forcesafemode}}&quot;. This setting will make pages load without including any on-wiki JavaScript or on-wiki stylesheet pages. It can be useful for debugging broken JavaScript gadgets. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342347]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget definitions now have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new &quot;&lt;var&gt;contentModels&lt;/var&gt;&quot; option]]. The option takes a list of page content models, like &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;wikitext&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;css&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages with the given content models.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.29|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Vector 2022 skin will no longer use the custom styles and scripts of Vector legacy (2010). The change will be made later this year or in early 2024. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|how to adjust the CSS and JS pages on your wiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331679]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W40&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:27, 3 Silimin gɔli October 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25686930 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-41&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W41&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33291|Fon]] ([[w:fon:|&lt;code&gt;w:fon:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347935]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-warwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xalwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xmfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zeawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zh_min_nanwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zuwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308139]
* At some wikis, newcomers are suggested images from Commons to add to articles without any images. Starting on Tuesday, newcomers at these wikis will be able to add images to unillustrated article sections. The specific wikis are listed under &quot;Images recommendations&quot; [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment table|at the Growth team deployment table]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add an image|learn more about this feature.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345940]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In the mobile web skin (Minerva) the CSS ID &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#page-actions&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will be replaced with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#p-views&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. This change is to make it consistent with other skins and to improve support for gadgets and extensions in the mobile skin. A few gadgets may need to be updated; there are [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348267 details and search-links in the task].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W41&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 14:39, 9 Silimin gɔli October 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25712895 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': September 2023 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue IX, September 2023&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Disseminating open culture
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Amazonia on Wiki
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Wikidata and the editing of Ibero-American scientific journals
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/France report|France report]]: Celebrating Rugby Herstory and History in Toulouse; Les Lorraines sans pages
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/India report|India report]]: Wikimedia Commons Contest connects Pune citizens with the rivers Mula &amp; Mutha
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: 10,000 institutions on the Wikimedia projects
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: West Coast Wikipedian at Large
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki educational activities
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: With multiple events, September was a busy month for Wikimedia Portugal 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Wikipedia in education; Continuation at Swedish folk high schools; Wikipedians at the Bookfair
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A new WIR and a very old book
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikimedia New York City Election 2023; San Diego/September 2023; Climate Change and Food Safety
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: OpenRefine and Wikimedia Commons: train the trainer course participants and two surveys
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: European photo contest finalists, Local Contexts Wikiproject at GLAMhack
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Wikisource Loves Manuscripts, ICOM outreach, Flickr Foundation partnership, OpenRefine adoption, new sources in The Wikipedia Library, Image Description Month events, and the GLAM Wiki Conference
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: October's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 15:02, 11 Silimin gɔli October 2023 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=25712541 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-42&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W42&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|Unified login]] system's edge login should now be fixed for some browsers (Chrome, Edge, Opera). This means that if you visit a new sister project wiki, you should be logged in automatically without the need to click &quot;Log in&quot; or reload the page. Feedback on whether it's working for you is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347889]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/Edit_notice|Edit notices]] are now available within the MobileFrontend/Minerva skin. This feature was inspired by [[w:en:Wikipedia:EditNoticesOnMobile|the gadget on English Wikipedia]]. See more details in [[phab:T316178|T316178]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* In 3 weeks, in the Vector 2022 skin, code related to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;addPortletLink&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#p-namespaces&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; that was deprecated one year ago will be removed. If you notice tools that should appear next to the &quot;Discussion&quot; tab are then missing, please tell the gadget's maintainers to see [[phab:T347907|instructions in the Phabricator task]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W42&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:47, 16 Silimin gɔli October 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25745824 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-43&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W43&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language engineering/Newsletter/2023/October|Language and internationalization newsletter]], written quarterly. It contains updates on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects, and related support work.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Source map support has been enabled on all wikis. When you open the debugger in your browser's developer tools, you should be able to see the unminified JavaScript source code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T47514]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W43&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:16, 23 Silimin gɔli October 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25782286 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-44&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W44&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Structured Content team, as part of its project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]], made some UX improvements to the upload step of choosing own vs not own work ([[phab:T347590|T347590]]), as well as to the licensing step for own work ([[phab:T347756|T347756]]).
* The Design Systems team has released version 1.0.0 of [[wmdoc:codex/latest/|Codex]], the new design system for Wikimedia. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design_Systems_Team/Announcing_Codex_1.0|full announcement about the release of Codex 1.0.0]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Listings on category pages are sorted on each wiki for that language using a [[:w:en:International Components for Unicode|library]]. For a brief period on 2 November, changes to categories will not be sorted correctly for many languages. This is because the developers are upgrading to a new version of the library. They will then use a script to fix the existing categories. This will take a few hours or a few days depending on how big the wiki is. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Technical Operations/ICU announcement|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345561][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267145] 
* Starting November 1, the impact module (Special:Impact) will be upgraded by the Growth team. The new impact module shows newcomers more data regarding their impact on the wiki. It was tested by a few wikis during the last few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203]

'''Future changes'''
* There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans#Roadmap|a proposed plan]] for re-enabling the Graph Extension. You can help by reviewing this proposal and [[mw:Extension_talk:Graph/Plans#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20231020221600-Update:_20_October|sharing what you think about it]].
* The WMF is working on making it possible for administrators to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration_2.0|edit MediaWiki configuration directly]]. This is similar to previous work on Special:EditGrowthConfig. [[phab:T349757|A technical RfC is running until November 08, where you can provide feedback.]] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W44&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:21, 30 Silimin gɔli October 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25801989 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-45&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W45&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* In the Vector 2022 skin, the default font-size of a number of navigational elements (tagline, tools menu, navigational links, and more) has been increased slightly to match the font size used in page content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346062]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, there was a problem displaying some recent edits on [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist a few wikis], for 1-6 hours. The edits were saved but not immediately shown. This was due to a database problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350443]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The Growth team will reassign newcomers from former mentors to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured mentor list|the currently active mentors]]. They have also changed the notification language to be more user-friendly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330071][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327493]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W45&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:06, 6 Silimin gɔli November 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25838105 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': October 2023 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue X, October 2023&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Celebrating Wikipedia's 20th Birthday in Albanian Language
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Content, resources and platforms for open access!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: October Report
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Monuments Brasil 2023 and Open Midiateca
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Open Access Week and Wikidata; Opening Culture and Heritage training
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Côte d'Ivoire report|Côte d'Ivoire report]]: Wikimedia Côte d'Ivoire and Apsid-ci collaboration for Glam
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: Looong summer is over 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Great first results in State Regional Archives and Wikiresident Group coworking
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Ireland report|Ireland report]]: Wikimedia Community Ireland Host WikiWomen Partner Meeting at Dublin's historical Port
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Results of funded projects within Call GLAM 2023
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Wiki Loves Fashion in the Netherlands
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Biodiversity Information Standards Conference 2023 (TDWG2023) and the Entomological Collection Network Meeting (ECN2023) 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: WikiMatejko, Internships, Open Heritage, folk costumes
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Open Access Week celebrations and an edit-a-thon to increase the visibility of black lusophone communities
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Dynamic October in Serbia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/South Africa report|South Africa report]]: Edit-a-thon for Librarians at the annual Library and Information Association of South Africa 2023 Conference
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Wikipedia for all of Sweden; Museums and Wikidata – why and how?; Photo memories from Stockholm and Rome; Negotiating Knowledge on Wikipedia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programm
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Good omens for a rosy future
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Women in Environmental Justice; October WikiSalon
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: AvoinGLAM joins the long-awaited GLAM Wiki 2023
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Let's Connect
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: Learning and sharing
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report|Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report]]: The Wikimedia and Libraries AI Salons
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: November's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 03:14, 11 Silimin gɔli November 2023 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-46&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W46&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Four new wikis have been created:
** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q7598268|Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[w:zgh:|&lt;code&gt;w:zgh:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350216]
** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35159|Dagaare]] ([[w:dga:|&lt;code&gt;w:dga:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350218]
** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q33017|Toba Batak]] ([[w:bbc:|&lt;code&gt;w:bbc:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350320]
** a Wikiquote in [[d:Q33151|Banjar]] ([[q:bjn:|&lt;code&gt;q:bjn:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350217]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, users who previously visited Meta-Wiki or Wikimedia Commons and then became logged out on those wikis could not log in again. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350695]
* Last week, some pop-up dialogs and menus were shown with the wrong font size. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350544]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* Reference Previews are coming to many wikis as a default feature. They are popups for references, similar to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|You can opt out]] of seeing them. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews. [[phab:T282999|Deployment]] is planned for November 22, 2023. 
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Canary (also known as heartbeat) events will be produced into [https://stream.wikimedia.org/?doc#/streams Wikimedia event streams] from December 11. Streams users are advised to filter out these events, by discarding all events where &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;meta.domain == &quot;canary&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Updates to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] or [https://github.com/ChlodAlejandro/wikimedia-streams wikimedia-streams] will discard these events by default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266798]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W46&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:52, 13 Silimin gɔli November 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25859263 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-47&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W47&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-quwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_rupwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_tarawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rwwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-satwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-shwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-siwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-skwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-slwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-smwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-suwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-szlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tcywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tetwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-towiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tpiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ttwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-twwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tyvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-udmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-uzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vecwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vepwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vlswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vowiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308141][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308142][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308143] 
* The Vector 2022 skin will have some minor visual changes to drop-down menus, column widths, and more. These changes were added to four Wikipedias last week. If no issues are found, these changes will proceed to all wikis this week. These changes will make it possible to add new menus for readability and dark mode. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates#November_2023:_Visual_changes,_more_deployments,_and_shifting_focus|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347711]

'''Future changes'''
* There is [[mw:Extension talk:Graph/Plans#Update: 15 November|an update on re-enabling the Graph Extension]]. To speed up the process, Vega 2 will not be supported and only [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335325 some protocols] will be available at launch. You can help by sharing what you think about the plan.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W47&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:55, 21 Silimin gɔli November 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25884616 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-48&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W48&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki's JavaScript system will now allow &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;async&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;await&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; syntax in gadgets and user scripts. Gadget authors should remember that users' browsers may not support it, so it should be used appropriately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343499]
* The deployment of &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a link]]&quot; announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|last week]] was postponed. It will resume this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W48&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:09, 27 Silimin gɔli November 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25906379 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-49&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W49&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The spacing between paragraphs on Vector 2022 has been changed from 7px to 14px to match the size of the text. This will make it easier to distinguish paragraphs from sentences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T351754]
* The &quot;{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}&quot; feature in VisualEditor is working again. You no longer need to switch to source editing to edit &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; keywords. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* On 6 December, people who have the enabled the preference for &quot;{{int:Discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot; will notice the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|talk page usability improvements]] appear on pages that include the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__NEWSECTIONLINK__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; magic word. If you notice any issues, please [[phab:T352232|share them with the team on Phabricator]].

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge [[wikitech:News/Toolforge Grid Engine deprecation|Grid Engine shutdown process]] will start on December 14. Maintainers of [[toolforge:grid-deprecation|tools that still use this old system]] should plan to migrate to Kubernetes, or tell the team your plans on Phabricator in the task about your tool, before that date. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/VIWWQKMSQO2ED3TVUR7KPPWRTOBYBVOA/]
* Communities using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions|Structured Discussions]] are being contacted regarding [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|the upcoming deprecation of Structured Discussions]]. You can read more about this project, and share your comments, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|on the project's page]].

'''Events'''
* Registration &amp; Scholarship applications are now open for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2024|Wikimedia Hackathon 2024]] that will take place from 3–5 May in Tallinn, Estonia. Scholarship applications are open until 5 January 2024.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W49&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:50, 4 Silimin gɔli December 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25914435 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': November 2023 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue XI, November 2023&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Three-months of Wikimedian in Residence at the Qemal Baholli Public Library in Albania 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: New partners in Rio and GLAM WikiCon
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: WCNA 2023: an key event for North American users
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Wiki GLAM Conf and Bogotá Libraries Meeting
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/France report|France report]]: Edit-a-thon Le retour de la momie
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Record edition of Wiki Loves Monuments in Italy
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Share your Data course, history month, REBOOT! and Dutch Public Domain Day event
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Summer students at Auckland Museum
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki Conference, WikiMatejko
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Catalan culture and showcasing Wikimedia on both side of the Atlantic
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Wikipedians in Residence, GLAM Wiki Conference
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: National Historical Museums of Sweden contributions; Photo memories from all over the world engage the community; Museum of medieval photo safari
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Fifty article milestone
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: AvoinGLAM at GLAM Wiki 2023
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: 3,000 medical images on Wikimedia Commons through the Helpdesk
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: 2023 Living Heritage elements are added to Wiki Loves Living Heritage
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: December's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 08:40, 11 Silimin gɔli December 2023 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=25925124 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-50&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W50&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* On Wikimedia Commons, there are some minor user-interface improvements for the &quot;choosing own vs not own work&quot; step in the UploadWizard. This is part of the Structured Content team's project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352707][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352709]

'''Problems'''
* There was a problem showing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Newcomer homepage|Newcomer homepage]] feature with the &quot;impact module&quot; and their page-view graphs, for a few days in early December. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352352][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352349]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=]] The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/796964 2023 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 5 January 2024, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:December_2023_Developer_Satisfaction_Survey|privacy statement]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W50&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:12, 12 Silimin gɔli December 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25945501 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-51&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W51&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translations]] are available.

'''Tech News'''
* The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 8 January 2024 because of [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|the holidays]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting December 18, it won't be possible to activate Structured Discussions on a user's own talk page using the Beta feature. The Beta feature option remains available for users who want to deactivate Structured Discussions. This is part of [[mw:Structured Discussions/Deprecation|Structured Discussions' deprecation work]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248309] 
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There will be full support for redirects in the Module namespace. The &quot;Move Page&quot; feature will leave an appropriate redirect behind, and such redirects will be appropriately recognized by the software (e.g. hidden from [[{{#special:UnconnectedPages}}]]). There will also be support for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Renaming or moving modules|manual redirects]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120794]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The MediaWiki JavaScript documentation is moving to a new format. During the move, you can read the old docs using [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/REL1_41/js/ version 1.41]. Feedback about [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/master/js/ the new site] is welcome on the [[mw:Talk:JSDoc_WMF_theme|project talk page]].
* The Wishathon is a new initiative that encourages collaboration across the Wikimedia community to develop solutions for wishes collected through the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The first community Wishathon will take place from 15–17 March. If you are interested in a project proposal as a user, developer, designer, or product lead, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WishathonMarch2024|register for the event and read more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W51&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:18, 18 Silimin gɔli December 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25959059 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-02&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W02&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [https://mediawiki2latex.wmflabs.org/ mediawiki2latex] is a tool that converts wiki content into the formats of LaTeX, PDF, ODT, and EPUB. The code now runs many times faster due to recent improvements. There is also an optional Docker container you can [[b:de:Benutzer:Dirk_Hünniger/wb2pdf/install#Using_Docker|install]] on your local machine.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The way that Random pages are selected has been updated. This will slowly reduce the problem of some pages having a lower chance of appearing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309477]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W02&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:20, 9 Silimin gɔli January 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26026251 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2023 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue XII, December 2023&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wiki Loves EuroPride in Albania 2023
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Bosnia &amp; Herzegovina report|Bosnia &amp; Herzegovina report]]: A year in review ...
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: 2023 in review 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Wiki-residents establishing meeting took place in December
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Go-ahead for Wikidata Project of GLAM institutions from Baden-Württemberg
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: WLM Local winners and funds for 2024 GLAM projects
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Auckland Museum summer updates
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Intense end to a year of GLAM-Wiki activities in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Photo memories project concludes; Sörmlands museum passes 1000 uploads to Wikimedia Commons; Wikimedian in Residence supports an upload of music content; Subject terms from Queerlit; Wikidata for authority control: 3 years of work
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Program
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: 2023 in Review
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: WikiConference North America 2023; TSU and USF; Philadelphia WikiSalon; Wikimedia DC Annual Membership Meeting; Wikipedia Editing 101 for All; NYC Hacking Night; Upstate NY workshop; Wikiquote She Said Project
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: Thank you for making Wiki Loves Living Heritage happen!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Updates and invitation to test the Commons Impact Metrics prototype 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 05:25, 13 Silimin gɔli January 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=26019095 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-03&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Pages that use the JSON [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:ContentHandler|contentmodel]] will now use tabs instead of spaces for auto-indentation. This will significantly reduce the page size. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326065]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and personal user scripts may now use JavaScript syntax introduced in ES6 (also known as &quot;ES2015&quot;) and ES7 (&quot;ES2016&quot;). MediaWiki validates the source code to protect other site functionality from syntax errors, and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browsers|supported browsers]]. Previously, Gadgets could use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;requiresES6&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; option. This option is no longer needed and will be removed in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T75714]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|Bot passwords]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|owner-only OAuth consumers]] can now be restricted to allow editing only specific pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T349957]
* You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thank]] edits made by bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341388]
* An update on the status of the Community Wishlist Survey for 2024 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Future Of The Wishlist/January 4, 2024 Update|has been published]]. Please read and give your feedback.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting on January 17, it will not be possible to login to Wikimedia wikis from some specific old versions of the Chrome browser (versions 51–66, released between 2016 and 2018). Additionally, users of iOS 12, or Safari on Mac OS 10.14, may need to login to each wiki separately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344791]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;jquery.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; module was deprecated and replaced with the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mediawiki.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; module last year. A script has now been run to replace any remaining uses, and this week the temporary alias will be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354966]

'''Future changes'''
* Wikimedia Deutschland is working to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. They are looking for people who are interested in participating in [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ individual video calls for user research in January and February].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W03&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:13, 16 Silimin gɔli January 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26074460 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-04&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* A bug in UploadWizard prevented linking to the userpage of the uploader when uploading. It has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354529]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W04&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:04, 23 Silimin gɔli January 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26096197 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-05&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Starting Monday January 29, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they are looking for, even if this comment was moved elsewhere. This will affect all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. You can read more about this change [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/ on Diff] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk_pages_permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]].&lt;!-- The Diff post will be published on Monday morning UTC--&gt; [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302011]
* There are some improvements to the CAPTCHA to make it harder for spam bots and scripts to bypass it. If you have feedback on this change, please comment on [[phab:T141490|the task]]. Staff are monitoring metrics related to the CAPTCHA, as well as secondary metrics such as account creations and edit counts.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] On February 1, a link will be added to the &quot;Tools&quot; menu to download a [[w:en:QR code|QR code]] that links to the page you are viewing. There will also be a new [[{{#special:QrCode}}]] page to create QR codes for any Wikimedia URL. This addresses the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Mobile and apps/Add ability to share QR code for a page in any Wikimedia project|#19 most-voted wish]] from the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329973]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] which only work in some skins have sometimes used the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;targets&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; option to limit where you can use them. This will stop working this week. You should use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;skins&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; option instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328497]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W05&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:31, 29 Silimin gɔli January 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26137870 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-06&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
*The mobile site history pages now use the same HTML as the desktop history pages. If you hear of any problems relating to mobile history usage please point them to [[phab:T353388|the phabricator task]].
*On most wikis, admins can now block users from making specific actions. These actions are: uploading files, creating new pages, moving (renaming) pages, and sending thanks. The goal of this feature is to allow admins to apply blocks that are adequate to the blocked users' activity. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Partial blocks#action-blocks|Learn more about &quot;action blocks&quot;]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T242541][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280531]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Talk pages permalinks that included diacritics and non-Latin script were malfunctioning. This issue is fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356199]

'''Future changes'''
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#24WPs|24 Wikipedias]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference_Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] as a default gadget are encouraged to remove that default flag. This would make [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference_Previews|Reference Previews]] the new default for reference popups, leading to a more consistent experience across wikis. For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#46WPs|46 Wikipedias]] with less than 4 interface admins, the change is already scheduled for mid-February, [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference Previews to become the default for previewing references on more wikis.|unless there are concerns]]. The older Reference Tooltips gadget will still remain usable and will override this feature, if it is available on your wiki and you have enabled it in your settings. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference_Previews_to_become_the_default_for_previewing_references_on_more_wikis][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355312]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W06&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:22, 5 Silimin gɔli February 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26180971 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue I, January 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Day in Albania 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: First international public domain day celebration in Europe coming up on March 7
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: A legal infrastructure for sharing public collections in Brazil: the case of Midiateca Capixaba
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: January '24: Institute of Physics photos and Free culture discussion
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Photographing at the second half of 2023
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Documenting ASI (Archaeological Survey of India) Museums in Bihar
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Public Domain Day &amp; Monumental Moments
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Aotearoa Wikipedian at Large, and Auckland Museum updates
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: An update on the Wikimatejko editing action and an invitation to the international community to join the action
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Unveiling Catrapilha: A ReacTive approach to GLAM content import
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Freedom of Panorama in Sweden
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Indonesian praise for an Ottoman photograph of Arabia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikipedia Day 2024; edit-a-thon; meetups
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Events! Events!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: New OpenRefine documentation for Wikimedia Commons
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: WiLMa Updates, OpenRefine training, Biodiversity, and Librarians
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 02:00, 10 Silimin gɔli February 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=26180968 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-07&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
*  The [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split experiment]] is working and loaded onto 3 test servers. The team in charge is testing the split's impact and requires feedback from WDQS users through the UI or programmatically in different channels. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata_talk:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_graph_split][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356773][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Sannita_(WMF)] Users' feedback will validate the impact of various use cases and workflows around the Wikidata Query service. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/October_2023_scaling_update][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikidata_Query_Service/User_Manual#Federation]

'''Problems'''
*There was a bug that affected the appearance of visited links when using mobile device to access wiki sites. It made the links appear black; [[phab:T356928|this issue]] is fixed.  

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] As work continues on the grid engine deprecation,[https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation] tools on the grid engine will be stopped starting on February 14th, 2024. If you have tools actively migrating you can ask for an extension so they are not stopped. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W07&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 05:49, 13 Silimin gɔli February 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26223994 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-08&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* If you have the &quot;{{int:Tog-enotifwatchlistpages}}&quot; option enabled, edits by bot accounts no longer trigger notification emails. Previously, only minor edits would not trigger the notification emails. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356984]
* There are changes to how user and site scripts load for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022| Vector 2022]] on specific wikis. The changes impacted the following Wikis: all projects with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector legacy]] as the default skin, Wikivoyage, and Wikibooks. Other wikis will be affected over the course of the next three months. Gadgets are not impacted. If you have been affected or want to minimize the impact on your project, see [[Phab:T357580| this ticket]]. Please coordinate and take action proactively.
*Newly auto-created accounts (the accounts you get when you visit a new wiki) now have the same local notification preferences as users who freshly register on that wiki. It is effected in four notification types listed in the [[phab:T353225|task's description]].
*The maximum file size when using [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload_Wizard|Upload Wizard]] is now 5 GiB. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191804]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Selected tools on the grid engine have been [[wikitech:News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation|stopped]] as we prepare to shut down the grid on March 14th, 2024. The tool's code and data have not been deleted. If you are a maintainer and you want your tool re-enabled reach out to the [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support|team]]. Only tools that have asked for extension are still running on the grid.
* The CSS &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/filter filter]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; property can now be used in HTML &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;style&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attributes in wikitext. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308160]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W08&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:37, 19 Silimin gɔli February 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26254282 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-09&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile|mobile visual editor]] is now the default editor for users who never edited before, at a small group of wikis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile/VE_mobile_default#A/B_test_results| Research ]] shows that users using this editor are slightly more successful publishing the edits they started, and slightly less successful publishing non-reverted edits. Users who defined the wikitext editor as their default on desktop will get the wikitext editor on mobile for their first edit on mobile as well. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352127]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core modules#mw.config|mw.config]] value &lt;code&gt;wgGlobalGroups&lt;/code&gt; now only contains groups that are active in the wiki. Scripts no longer have to check whether the group is active on the wiki via an API request. A code example of the above is: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;if (/globalgroupname/.test(mw.config.get(&quot;wgGlobalGroups&quot;)))&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356008]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* The right to change [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Tags|edit tags]] (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;changetags&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) will be removed from users in Wikimedia sites, keeping it by default for admins and bots only. Your community can ask to retain the old configuration on your wiki before this change happens. Please indicate in [[phab:T355639|this ticket]] to keep it for your community before the end of March 2024.
'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W09&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:23, 26 Silimin gɔli February 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26294125 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-10&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Special:Book&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; page (as well as the associated &quot;Create a book&quot; functionality) provided by the old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Collection|Collection extension]] has been removed from all Wikisource wikis, as it was broken. This does not affect the ability to download normal books, which is provided by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Wikisource|Wikisource extension]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358437]
* [[m:Wikitech|Wikitech]] now uses the next-generation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] wikitext parser by default to generate all pages in the Talk namespace.  Report any problems on the [[mw:Talk:Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Known_Issues|Known Issues discussion page]]. You can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration]] extension to control the use of Parsoid; see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration help documentation]] for more details.
* Maintenance on [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org etherpad] is completed. If you encounter any issues, please indicate in [[phab:T316421|this ticket]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] allow interface admins to create custom features with CSS and JavaScript. The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Gadget&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Gadget_definition&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; namespaces and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;gadgets-definition-edit&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; user right were reserved for an experiment in 2015, but were never used. These were visible on Special:Search and Special:ListGroupRights. The unused namespaces and user rights are now removed. No pages are moved, and no changes need to be made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T31272]
* A usability improvement to the &quot;Add a citation&quot; in Wikipedia workflow has been made, the insert button was moved to the popup header. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354847]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
*  All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233]
* The HTML markup of headings and section edit links will be changed later this year to improve accessibility. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Heading_HTML_changes|Heading HTML changes]] for details. The new markup will be the same as in the new Parsoid wikitext parser. You can test your gadget or stylesheet with the new markup if you add &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;?useparsoid=1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to your URL ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Selecting_a_parser_using_a_URL_query_string|more info]]) or turn on Parsoid read views in your user options ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Enabling_via_user_preference|more info]]).
*

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W10&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:47, 4 Silimin gɔli March 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26329807 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue II, February 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: One village, One article in Albania and Kosovo
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: On tour
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: News from Rio de Janeiro
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/France report|France report]]: Open Content Observatory letter
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Antarctic Writing Month and GLAM call
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: One Village, One Article Campaign
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: WikiProject Te Papa Research Expeditions, wrapping up the Auckland / Tāmaki Makaurau local histories project, and the Aotearoa Wikipedian at Large
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: WikiMatejko editing action; The eighth European GLAM Wiki coordinators meet up
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: SMALL GLAM SLAM Pilot 1 Rapid Grant
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Working life museums
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: National Trust, Leeds 2023, and Khalili Foundation
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Hacking Night; Seattle Meetups; Denver Huddle; Wikipedia Day LA; San Diego/February 2024; Supreme Court visit
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group February Monthly Highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Working with catalogues: a Wikidata volunteer’s perspective
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Updates on OpenRefine training and Wikisource Loves manuscripts
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 13:50, 10 Silimin gɔli March 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=26279731 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-11&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* After consulting with various communities, the line height of the text on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] will be increased to its previous value of 1.65. Different options for typography can also be set using the options in the menu, as needed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358498]
*The active link color in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva]] will be changed to provide more consistency with our other platforms and best practices. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358516]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Structured data|Structured data on Commons]] will no longer ask whether you want to leave the page without saving. This will prevent the “information you’ve entered may not be saved” popups from appearing when no information have been entered. It will also make file pages on Commons load faster in certain cases. However, the popups will be hidden even if information has indeed been entered. If you accidentally close the page before saving the structured data you entered, that data will be lost. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312315]

'''Future changes'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W11&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:04, 11 Silimin gɔli March 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26374013 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-12&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The notice &quot;Language links are at the top of the page&quot; that appears in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]] main menu has been removed now that users have learned the new location of the Language switcher. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T353619]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing:_Privacy_Enhancement_and_Abuse_Mitigation/IP_Info_feature|IP info feature]] displays data from Spur, an IP addresses database. Previously, the only data source for this feature was MaxMind. Now, IP info is more useful for patrollers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341395]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge Grid Engine services have been shut down after the final migration process from Grid Engine to Kubernetes. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Obsolete:Toolforge/Grid][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2022/03/14/toolforge-and-grid-engine/]
* Communities can now customize the default reasons for undeleting a page by creating [[MediaWiki:Undelete-comment-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326746]

'''Problems'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] is an interface to interactively browse a page's history. Users in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider/Developing_a_RTL-accessible_feature_in_MediaWiki_-_what_we%27ve_learned_while_creating_the_RevisionSlider|right-to-left]] languages reported RevisionSlider reacting wrong to mouse clicks. This should be fixed now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352169]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1710943200 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W12&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:39, 18 Silimin gɔli March 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26410165 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-13&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] An update was made on March 18th 2024 to how various projects load site, user JavaScript and CSS in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]]. A [[phab:T360384|checklist]] is provided for site admins to follow.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W13&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:56, 25 Silimin gɔli March 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26446209 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-14&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|reading accessibility]] beta feature will notice that the default line height for the standard and large text options has changed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359030]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation has an annual plan. The annual plan decides what the Wikimedia Foundation will work on. You can now read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product &amp; Technology OKRs#Draft Key Results|the draft key results]] for the Product and Technology department. They are suggestions for what results the Foundation wants from big technical changes from July 2024 to June 2025. You can [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|comment on the talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W14&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 03:36, 2 Silimin gɔli April 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26462933 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-15&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Web browsers can use tools called [[:w:en:Browser extension|extensions]]. There is now a Chrome extension called [[m:Future Audiences/Experiment:Citation Needed|Citation Needed]] which you can use to see if an online statement is supported by a Wikipedia article. This is a small experiment to see if Wikipedia can be used this way. Because it is a small experiment, it can only be used in Chrome in English.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit Recovery|Edit Recovery]] feature has been added to all wikis, available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user preference]]. Once you enable it, your in-progress edits will be stored in your web browser, and if you accidentally close an editing window or your browser or computer crashes, you will be prompted to recover the unpublished text. Please leave any feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Edit-recovery feature|project talk page]]. This was the #8 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey.
* Initial results of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] experiments [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#4_April_2024|have been published]]. Edit Check is now deployed as a default feature at [[phab:T342930#9538364|the wikis that tested it]]. [[mw:Talk:Edit check|Let us know]] if you want your wiki to be part of the next deployment of Edit check. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342930][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361727]
* Readers using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] on mobile will notice there has been an improvement in the line height across all typography settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359029]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* New accounts and logged-out users will get the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] as their default editor on mobile. This deployment is made at all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361134]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W15&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:37, 8 Silimin gɔli April 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26564838 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue III, March 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: WikiGap Tirana 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Art+Feminism in Australia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Belgian Public domain day and Wiki Loves Heritage awards on March 7
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: A GLAM focus on Rio de Janeiro; Archivos en vigília
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Making the public domain visible on Wikidata; In Colombia Women are historical
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: GLAM call winner projects
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: GLAMorousToHTML - a tool to list Wikipedia articles that include images from a given Commons category
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Update on Wikidata:WikiProject Te Papa research expeditions and the Wikipedian at Large
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland in March
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: More photo memories – and the community is helping out; Yearly student project
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A small problem with the Ottoman Empire
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: GLAM CSI and WikiPortraits launch and more meetups
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group March monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: GLAMorousToHTML - a tool to list Wikipedia articles that include images from a given Commons category
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: WikiLearn course for OpenRefine on Wikimedia Commons
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Learn to upload to Commons with OpenRefine and get up to date on the International Museum Day, GLAM CSI, WiLMa Network, and WikiWorkshop
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 01:56, 11 Silimin gɔli April 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=26483115 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-16&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Between 2 April and 8 April, on wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged Revisions]], the &quot;{{Int:tag-mw-reverted}}&quot; tag was not applied to undone edits. In addition, page moves, protections and imports were not autoreviewed. This problem is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361918][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361940]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#DEFAULTSORT|Default category sort keys]] will now affect categories added by templates placed in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite|footnotes]]. Previously footnotes used the page title as the default sort key even if a different default sort key was specified (category-specific sort keys already worked). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40435]
* A new variable &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;page_last_edit_age&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will be added to [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]]. It tells how many seconds ago the last edit to a page was made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T269769]

'''Future changes'''
* Volunteer developers are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Four database fields will be removed from database replicas (including [[quarry:|Quarry]]). This affects only the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;abuse_filter&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;abuse_filter_history&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; tables. Some queries might need to be updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361996]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W16&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:29, 15 Silimin gɔli April 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26564838 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-17&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Starting this week, newcomers editing Wikipedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Leveling up 3|will be encouraged]] to try structured tasks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer tasks|Structured tasks]] have been shown to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link/Experiment analysis, December 2021|improve newcomer activation and retention]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348086]
* You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|nominate your favorite tools]] for the fifth edition of the Coolest Tool Award. Nominations will be open until May 10. 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* This is the last warning that by the end of May 2024 the Vector 2022 skin will no longer share site and user scripts/styles with old Vector. For user-scripts that you want to keep using on Vector 2022, copy the contents of [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector.js]] to [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector-2022.js]]. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|more technical details]] available. Interface administrators who foresee this leading to lots of technical support questions may wish to send a mass message to your community, as was done on French Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362701]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W17&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:28, 22 Silimin gɔli April 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-18&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''

[[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]]
* The appearance of talk pages changed for the following wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}. These wikis participated to a test, where 50% of users got the new design, for one year. As this test [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|gave positive results]], the new design is deployed on these wikis as the default design. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] (&quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot;). The deployment will happen at all wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341491]
* Seven new wikis have been created: 
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[w:bew:|&lt;code&gt;w:bew:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357866]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35708|Kusaal]] ([[w:kus:|&lt;code&gt;w:kus:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359757]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35513|Igala]] ([[w:igl:|&lt;code&gt;w:igl:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361644]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q33541|Karakalpak]] ([[wikt:kaa:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:kaa:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362135]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9228|Burmese]] ([[s:my:|&lt;code&gt;s:my:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361085]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[s:ms:|&lt;code&gt;s:ms:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363039]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q8108|Georgian]] ([[s:ka:|&lt;code&gt;s:ka:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363085]
* You can now [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Support#Early_access:_Watch_Message_Groups_on_Translatewiki.net watch message groups/projects] on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/translatewiki.net|Translatewiki.net]]. Initially, this feature will notify you of added or deleted messages in these groups. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348501]
* Dark mode is now available on all wikis, on mobile web for logged-in users who opt into the [[Special:MobileOptions|advanced mode]]. This is the early release of the feature. Technical editors are invited to [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ check for accessibility issues on wikis]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|more detailed guidelines]].

'''Problems'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can use an alternative visual style without labels, by using &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mapstyle=&quot;osm&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. This wasn't working in previews, creating the wrong impression that it wasn't supported. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362531]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W18&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 03:33, 30 Silimin gɔli April 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26689057 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-19&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
[[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]]
* The appearance of talk pages changed for all wikis, except for Commons, Wikidata and most Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|a few]] have already received this design change). You can read the detail of the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] (&quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot;). The deployment will happen at remaining wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352087][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Interface admins now have greater control over the styling of article components on mobile with the introduction of the &lt;code&gt;SiteAdminHelper&lt;/code&gt;. More information on how styles can be disabled can be found [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikimediaMessages#Site_admin_helper|at the extension's page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363932]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has added article body sections in JSON format and a curated short description field to the existing parsed Infobox. This expansion to the API is also available via Wikimedia Cloud Services. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/article-sections-and-description/]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* When you look at the Special:Log page, the first view is labelled &quot;All public logs&quot;, but it only shows some logs. This label will now say &quot;Main public logs&quot;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T237729]

'''Future changes'''
* A new service will be built to replace [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Extension:Graph]]. Details can be found in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans|the latest update]] regarding this extension.
* Starting May 21, English Wikipedia and German Wikipedia will get the possibility to activate &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot;. This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to all Wikipedias]]. These communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|activate and configure the feature locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308144]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W19&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:44, 6 Silimin gɔli May 2024 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue IV, April 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: International Roma Day Editathon in Albania and Kosovo, 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: New images from Central Australia on Wikimedia Commons, Library Science WikiProject students edit Wikipedia &amp; 1Lib1Ref in Australia and New Zealand 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Library Month
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: 2023 became a promissing year for wiki-residents and partnerships in CR
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: International Roma Day Editathon in Albania and Kosovo, 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Informal GLAM hack session
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Te Papa research expeditions and the Wikipedian at Large 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Climate Changes and GLAM
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland in April
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: SMALL GLAM SLAM
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: 100 000 bildminnen; Metabase
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Heaven on Earth at last?
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group April monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: AI Sauna quick reflection
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: OpenRefine online courses in more languages, and certified trainers
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: OpenRefine course in three more languages and International Museum Day challenges
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 06:43, 11 Silimin gɔli May 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-20&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* On Wikisource there is a special page listing pages of works without corresponding scan images. Now you can use the new magic word &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;__EXPECTWITHOUTSCANS__&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to exclude certain pages (list of editions or translations of works) from that list. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344214]
* If you use the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user-preference]] &quot;{{int:tog-uselivepreview}}&quot;, then the template-page feature &quot;{{int:Templatesandbox-editform-legend}}&quot; will now also work without reloading the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T136907]
* [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now specify an alternative text via the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;alt=&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute. This is identical in usage to the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;alt=&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Syntax|image and gallery syntax]]. An exception for this feature is wikis like Wikivoyage where the miniature maps are interactive. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328137]
* The old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|Guided Tour]] for the &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|New Filters for Edit Review]]&quot; feature has been removed. It was created in 2017 to show people with older accounts how the interface had changed, and has now been seen by most of the intended people. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217451]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[{{#special:search}}]] results page will now use CSS flex attributes, for better accessibility, instead of a table. If you have a gadget or script that adjusts search results, you should update your script to the new HTML structure. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320295]

'''Future changes'''
* In the Vector 2022 skin, main pages will be displayed at full width (like special pages). The goal is to keep the number of characters per line large enough. This is related to the coming changes to typography in Vector 2022. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357706]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two columns of the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:pagelinks table|pagelinks]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; database table (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;pl_namespace&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;pl_title&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) are being dropped soon. Users must use two columns of the new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:special:MyLanguage/Manual:linktarget table|linktarget]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; table instead (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;lt_namespace&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;lt_title&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;). In your existing SQL queries:
*# Replace &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;JOIN pagelinks&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;JOIN linktarget&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;pl_&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;lt_&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;ON&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; statement
*# Below that add &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;JOIN pagelinks ON lt_id = pl_target_id&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;
** See &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[phab:T222224]]&lt;/bdi&gt; for technical reasoning. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222224][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299947]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W20&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:58, 13 Silimin gɔli May 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26762074 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-21&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, will now correctly delete pages which were moved to another title. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T43351]
* New changes have been made to the UploadWizard in Wikimedia Commons: the overall layout has been improved, by following new styling and spacing for the form and its fields; the headers and helper text for each of the fields was changed; the Caption field is now a required field, and there is an option for users to copy their caption into the media description. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:WMF_support_for_Commons/Upload_Wizard_Improvements#Changes_to_%22Describe%22_workflow][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361049]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]]  The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading_HTML_changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It will change on 22 May in some skins (Timeless, Modern, CologneBlue, Nostalgia, and Monobook). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in all other skins. The developers are also considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W21&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:04, 20 Silimin gɔli May 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-22&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Several bugs related to the latest updates to the UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons have been fixed. For more information, see [[:phab:T365107|T365107]] and [[:phab:T365119|T365119]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In March 2024 a new [[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortlet|addPortlet]] API was added to allow gadgets to create new portlets (menus) in the skin. In certain skins this can be used to create dropdowns. Gadget developers are invited to try it and [[phab:T361661|give feedback]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some CSS in the Minerva skin has been removed to enable easier community configuration. Interface editors should check the rendering on mobile devices for aspects related to the classes: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.collapsible&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.multicol&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.reflist&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.coordinates&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.topicon&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [[phab:T361659|Further details are available on replacement CSS]] if it is needed.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* When you visit a wiki where you don't yet have a local account, local rules such as edit filters can sometimes prevent your account from being created. Starting this week, MediaWiki takes your global rights into account when evaluating whether you can override such local rules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316303]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W22&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:15, 28 Silimin gɔli May 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26832205 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-23&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* It is now possible for local administrators to add new links to the bottom of the site Tools menu without JavaScript. [[mw:Manual:Interface/Sidebar#Add or remove toolbox sections|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6086]
* The message name for the definition of the tracking category of WikiHiero has changed from &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MediaWiki:Wikhiero-usage-tracking-category&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot; to &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MediaWiki:Wikihiero-usage-tracking-category&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot;. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/wikihiero/+/1035855]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q5317225|Kadazandusun]] ([[w:dtp:|&lt;code&gt;w:dtp:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365220]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* Next week, on wikis with the Vector 2022 skin as the default, logged-out desktop users will be able to choose between different font sizes. The default font size will also be increased for them. This is to make Wikimedia projects easier to read. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-06 deployments|Learn more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W23&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:35, 3 Silimin gɔli June 2024 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue V, May 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Summer of Wikivoyage Edit-a-thon in Kruja; Traditional Albanian food photography competition
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Open licensing guide from Midiateca Capixaba; Activities in Rio de Janeiro; First batch from LabDOC; New batch from NeuroMat; Hercule Florence photowalk
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: International discussion on the role of media and new GLAM partnership on the horizon
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Digitization concludes for Behar Herald and a digitization workshop held for libraries in Maharashtra
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Edit-a-thons
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Summer of Wikivoyage Edit-a-thon in Kruja &amp; Traditional Albanian food photography competition
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: WikiconNL 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Architecture Edit-a-thon, Wikidata Te Papa research expeditions project and 1Lib1Ref
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland in May
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: The Search for the Lost Manuscripts
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Our first Igbo language article
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Article campaigns for Ukrainian librarians, partnership with a national library
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: WikiPortraits &amp; Edit-a-thons
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group May monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/GLAM Wiki Meta pages revamp|GLAM Wiki Meta pages revamp]]: GLAM Wiki Meta pages kicking off the Working Group
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Introducing Alice Kibombo, a new dataset, and more
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 14:25, 9 Silimin gɔli June 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-24&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The software used to render SVG files has been updated to a new version, fixing many longstanding bugs in SVG rendering. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265549]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading HTML changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It was changed last week in some skins (Vector legacy and Minerva). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in Vector-2022. The developers are still considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used for citations by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] changed last week. In places where Parsoid previously added the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw-reference-text&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; class, Parsoid now also adds the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;reference-text&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; class for better compatibility with the legacy parser. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1036705]

'''Problems'''
* There was a bug with the Content Translation interface that caused the tools menus to appear in the wrong location. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366374]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The new version of MediaWiki includes another change to the HTML markup used for citations: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] will now generate a &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-cite-backlink&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; wrapper for both named and unnamed references for better compatibility with the legacy parser. Interface administrators should verify that gadgets that interact with citations are compatible with the new markup. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1035809] 
* On multilingual wikis that use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;translate&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; system, there is a feature that shows potentially-outdated translations with a pink background until they are updated or confirmed. From this week, confirming translations will be logged, and there is a new user-right that can be required for confirming translations if the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requests it]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T49177]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W24&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:20, 10 Silimin gɔli June 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-25&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* People who attempt to add an external link in the visual editor will now receive immediate feedback if they attempt to link to a domain that a project has decided to block. Please see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#11_June_2024|Edit check]] for more details. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366751]
* The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CommunityConfiguration|Community Configuration extension]] is available [[testwiki:Special:CommunityConfiguration|on Test Wikipedia]]. This extension allows communities to customize specific features to meet their local needs. Currently only Growth features are configurable, but the extension will support other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration#Use_cases|Community Configuration use cases]] in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323811][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360954]
* The dark mode [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] is now available on category and help pages, as well as more special pages. There may be contrast issues. Please report bugs on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366370]

'''Problems'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Cloud Services tools were not available for 25 minutes last week. This was caused by a faulty hardware cable in the data center. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2024-06-11_WMCS_Ceph]
* Last week, styling updates were made to the Vector 2022 skin. This caused unforeseen issues with templates, hatnotes, and images. Changes to templates and hatnotes were reverted. Most issues with images were fixed. If you still see any, [[phab:T367463|report them here]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367480]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting June 18, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Edit Check]] will be deployed to [[phab:T361843|a new set of Wikipedias]]. This feature is intended to help newcomers and to assist edit-patrollers by inviting people who are adding new content to a Wikipedia article to add a citation when they do not do so themselves. During [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#Reference_Check_A/B_Test|a test at 11 wikis]], the number of citations added [https://diff.wikimedia.org/?p=127553 more than doubled] when Reference Check was shown to people. Reference Check is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|community configurable]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361843]&lt;!-- NOTE: THE DIFF BLOG WILL BE PUBLISHED ON MONDAY --&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mailing_lists|Mailing lists]] will be unavailable for roughly two hours on Tuesday 10:00–12:00 UTC. This is to enable migration to a new server and upgrade its software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367521]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W25&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:49, 17 Silimin gɔli June 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26911987 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-26&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Editors will notice that there have been some changes to the background color of text in the diff view, and the color of the byte-change numbers, last week. These changes are intended to make text more readable in both light mode and dark mode, and are part of a larger effort to increase accessibility. You can share your comments or questions [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading|on the project talkpage]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361717]
* The text colors that are used for visited-links, hovered-links, and active-links, were also slightly changed last week to improve their accessibility in both light mode and dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366515]

'''Problems'''
* You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|copy permanent links to talk page comments]] by clicking on a comment's timestamp. [[mw:Talk pages project/Permalinks|This feature]] did not always work when the topic title was very long and the link was used as a wikitext link. This has been fixed. Thanks to Lofhi for submitting the bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356196]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting 26 June, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link at English Wikipedia, making this feature available for you to use at all wikis. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they were linked to, even if this comment has since been moved elsewhere. You can read more about this feature [[DiffBlog:/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/|on Diff]] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365974]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W26&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:32, 24 Silimin gɔli June 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-27&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W27&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Over the next three weeks, dark mode will become available for all users, both logged-in and logged-out, starting with the mobile web version. This fulfils one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2023/Reading/Dark_mode|top-requested community wishes]], and improves low-contrast reading and usage in low-light settings. As part of these changes, dark mode will also work on User-pages and Portals. There is more information in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Updates#June_2024:_Typography_and_dark_mode_deployments,_new_global_preferences|the latest Web team update]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366364]
* Logged-in users can now set [[m:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-skin-skin-prefs|global preferences for the text-size and dark-mode]], thanks to a combined effort across Foundation teams. This allows Wikimedians using multiple wikis to set up a consistent reading experience easily, for example by switching between light and dark mode only once for all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341278] 
* If you use a very old web browser some features might not work on the Wikimedia wikis. This affects Internet Explorer 11 and versions of Chrome, Firefox and Safari older than 2016. This change makes it possible to use new [[d:Q46441|CSS]] features and to send less code to all readers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288287][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:How_to_make_a_MediaWiki_skin#Using_CSS_variables_for_supporting_different_themes_e.g._dark_mode]
* Wikipedia Admins can customize local wiki configuration options easily using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]]. Community Configuration was created to allow communities to customize how some features work, because each language wiki has unique needs. At the moment, admins can configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] on their home wikis, in order to better recruit and retain new editors. More options will be provided in the coming months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366458]
* Editors interested in language issues that are related to [[w:en:Unicode|Unicode standards]], can now discuss those topics at [[mw:Talk:WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|a new conversation space in MediaWiki.org]]. The Wikimedia Foundation is now a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|member of the Unicode Consortium]], and the coordination group can collaboratively review the issues discussed and, where appropriate, bring them to the attention of the Unicode Consortium.
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[w:btm:|&lt;code&gt;w:btm:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368038] 

'''Problems'''
* Editors can once again click on links within the visual editor's citation-preview, thanks to a bug fix by the Editing Team. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368119]

'''Future changes'''
* Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 2 weeks. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W27&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:59, 1 Silimin gɔli July 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-28&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W28&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* At the Wikimedia Foundation a new task force was formed to replace the disabled Graph with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project|more secure, easy to use, and extensible Chart]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Chart Project|subscribe to the newsletter]] to get notified about new project updates and other news about Chart.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension is now available on Meta-wiki, Igbo Wikipedia, and Swahili Wikipedia, and can be requested on your wiki. This extension helps in managing and making events more visible, giving Event organizers the ability to use tools like the Event registration tool. To learn more about the deployment status and how to request this extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status|CampaignEvents page on Meta-wiki]]. 
* Editors using the iOS Wikipedia app who have more than 50 edits can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits#Add an image|Add an Image]] feature. This feature presents opportunities for small but useful contributions to Wikipedia.
* Thank you to [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth/Celebration|all of the authors]] who have contributed to MediaWiki Core. As a result of these contributions, the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth|percentage of authors contributing more than 5 patches has increased by 25% since last year]], which helps ensure the sustainability of the platform for the Wikimedia projects.

'''Problems'''
* A problem with the color of the talkpage tabs always showing as blue, even for non-existent pages which should have been red, affecting the Vector 2022 skin, [[phab:T367982|has been fixed]]. 

'''Future changes'''
* The Trust and Safety Product team wants to introduce [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] with as little disruption to tools and workflows as possible. Volunteer developers, including gadget and user-script maintainers, are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle temporary accounts. The team has [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|created documentation]] explaining how to do the update. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]].

'''Tech News survey'''
* Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 1 more week. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W28&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:32, 8 Silimin gɔli July 2024 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': June 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue VI, June 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wiki Loves Living Heritage in Albania
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Partner Project between Wikimedia Australia, the Australian and New Zealand Society of Indexers (ANZSI) and the School of Information and Communication Studies at Charles Sturt University (CSU SICS)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Mato Grosso
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: GLAM digital with the August Bebel Institute - &quot;Wiki Loves Democracy Part III&quot; and new GLAM-on-Tour-Film released
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: 2024 Half-a-year in Review
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Open science conference and Wikimedians in Sicily
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Wiki Loves Earth in Albania &amp; Kosovo, 2024 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: WikiProject Te Papa Research Expeditions and WikiProject IBC 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Climate Changes Edit-a-thons by Wikimedia MKD
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland in June
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: News in GLAM Serbia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Using Wikipedia in interfaith education
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: GLAM CSI user stories feedback requested and US events
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group June monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Bridging Digital Art Practices with Institutional Archives: professional knowledge exchange on digital art archiving
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: 20th Century Press Archives – history in newspaper clippings, made accessible by ZBW and Wikimedia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: July's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 02:30, 12 Silimin gɔli July 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-29&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W29&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Tech News survey'''
* Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 3 more days. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia developers can now officially continue to use both [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]], due to a June 24 decision by the Wikimedia Foundation to support software development on both platforms. Gerrit and GitLab are both code repositories used by developers to write, review, and deploy the software code that supports the MediaWiki software that the wiki projects are built on, as well as the tools used by editors to create and improve content. This decision will safeguard the productivity of our developers and prevent problems in code review from affecting our users. More details are available in the [[mw:GitLab/Migration status|Migration status]] page.
* The Wikimedia Foundation seeks applicants for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). This group will bring technical contributors and Wikimedia Foundation together to co-define a more resilient, future-proof technological platform. Council members will evaluate and consult on the movement's product and technical activities, so that we develop multi-generational projects. We are looking for a range of technical contributors across the globe, from a variety of Wikimedia projects. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal#Joining the PTAC as a technical volunteer|Please apply here by August 10]].
* Editors with rollback user-rights who use the Wikipedia App for Android can use the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Anti Vandalism|Edit Patrol]] features. These features include a new feed of Recent Changes, related links such as Undo and Rollback, and the ability to create and save a personal library of user talk messages to use while patrolling. If your wiki wants to make these features available to users who do not have rollback rights but have reached a certain edit threshold, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android#Contact us|you can contact the team]]. You can [[diffblog:2024/07/10/ِaddressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/|read more about this project on Diff blog]].
* Editors who have access to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The_Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library]] can once again use non-open access content in SpringerLinks, after the Foundation [[phab:T368865|contacted]] them to restore access. You can read more about [[m:Tech/News/Recently_resolved_community_tasks|this and 21 other community-submitted tasks that were completed last week]]. 

'''Changes later this week'''
* This week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-07 deployments|dark mode will be available on a number of Wikipedias]], both desktop and mobile, for logged-in and logged-out users. Interface admins and user script maintainers are encouraged to check gadgets and user scripts in the dark mode, to find any hard-coded colors and fix them. There are some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations for dark mode compatibility]] to help.

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Next week, functionaries, volunteers maintaining tools, and software development teams are invited to test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on testwiki. Temporary accounts is a feature that will help improve privacy on the wikis. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348895]
* Editors who upload files cross-wiki, or teach other people how to do so, may wish to join a Wikimedia Commons discussion. The Commons community is discussing limiting who can upload files through the cross-wiki upload/Upload dialog feature to users auto-confirmed on Wikimedia Commons. This is due to the large amount of copyright violations uploaded this way. There is a short summary at [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Cross-wiki upload|Commons:Cross-wiki upload]] and [[c:Commons:Village pump/Proposals#Deactivate cross-wiki uploads for new users|discussion at Commons:Village Pump]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]].
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W29&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:31, 16 Silimin gɔli July 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27124561 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-30&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W30&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature News'''
* Stewards can now [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks|globally block]] accounts. Before [[phab:T17294|the change]] only IP addresses and IP ranges could be blocked globally. Global account blocks are useful when the blocked user should not be logged out. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_locks|Global locks]] (a similar tool logging the user out of their account) are unaffected by this change. The new global account block feature is related to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project, which is a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors that are no longer made public.
* Later this week, Wikimedia site users will notice that the Interface of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as &quot;Pending Changes&quot;) is improved and consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Wikimedia's design system]]. The FlaggedRevs interface experience on mobile and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MinervaNeue|Minerva skin]] was inconsistent before it was fixed and ported to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]] by the WMF Growth team and some volunteers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156]
*  Wikimedia site users can now submit account vanishing requests via [[m:Special:GlobalVanishRequest|GlobalVanishRequest]]. This feature is used when a contributor wishes to stop editing forever. It helps you hide your past association and edit to protect your privacy. Once processed, the account will be locked and renamed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367329]
* Have you tried monitoring and addressing vandalism in Wikipedia using your phone? [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/10/%d9%90addressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/ A Diff blog post on Patrolling features in the Mobile App] highlights some of the new capabilities of the feature, including swiping through a feed of recent changes and a personal library of user talk messages for use when patrolling from your phone. 
* Wikimedia contributors and GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) organisations can now learn and measure the impact Wikimedia Commons is having towards creating quality encyclopedic content using the [https://doc.wikimedia.org/generated-data-platform/aqs/analytics-api/reference/commons.html Commons Impact Metrics] analytics dashboard. The dashboard offers organizations analytics on things like monthly edits in a category, the most viewed files, and which Wikimedia articles are using Commons images. As a result of these new data dumps, GLAM organisation can more reliably measure their return on investment for programs bringing content into the digital Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/]

'''Project Updates'''
*  Come share your ideas for improving the wikis on the newly reopened [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. The Community Wishlist is Wikimedia’s forum for volunteers to share ideas (called wishes) to improve how the wikis work. The new version of the wishlist is always open, works with both wikitext and Visual Editor, and allows wishes in any language.

'''Learn more'''
* Have you ever wondered how Wikimedia software works across over 300 languages? This is 253 languages more than the Google Chrome interface, and it's no accident. The Language and Product Localization Team at the Wikimedia Foundation supports your work by adapting all the tools and interfaces in the MediaWiki software so that contributors in our movement who translate pages and strings can translate them and have the sites in all languages. Read more about the team and their upcoming work on [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/building-towards-a-robust-multilingual-knowledge-ecosystem-for-the-wikimedia-movement/ Diff]. 
* How can Wikimedia build innovative and experimental products while maintaining such heavily used websites? A recent [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/ blog post] by WMF staff Johan Jönsson highlights the work of the [[m:Future Audiences#Objectives and Key Results|WMF Future Audience initiative]], where the goal is not to build polished products but test out new ideas, such as a [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiments: conversational/generative AI|ChatGPT plugin]] and [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiment:Add a Fact|Add a Fact]], to help take Wikimedia into the future. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]].
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W30&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:04, 23 Silimin gɔli July 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-31&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* Editors using the Visual Editor in languages that use non-Latin characters for numbers, such as Hindi, Manipuri and Eastern Arabic, may notice some changes in the formatting of reference numbers. This is a side effect of preparing a new sub-referencing feature, and will also allow fixing some general numbering issues in Visual Editor. If you notice any related problems on your wiki, please share details at the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|project talkpage]].

'''Bugs status'''
* Some logged-in editors were briefly unable to edit or load pages last week. [[phab:T370304|These errors]] were mainly due to the addition of new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|linter]] rules which led to caching problems. Fixes have been applied and investigations are continuing.
* Editors can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Information tool]] to get information about IP addresses. This tool is available as a Beta Feature in your preferences. The tool was not available for a few days last week, but is now working again. Thank you to Shizhao for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks#2024-07-25|28 other community-submitted tasks]] that were resolved last week.

'''Project updates'''
* There are new features and improvements to Phabricator from the Release Engineering and Collaboration Services teams, and some volunteers, including: the search systems, the new task creation system, the login systems, the translation setup which has resulted in support for more languages (thanks to Pppery), and fixes for many edge-case errors. You can [[phab:phame/post/view/316/iterative_improvements/|read details about these and other improvements in this summary]].
* There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|update on the Charts project]]. The team has decided which visualization library to use, which chart types to start focusing on, and where to store chart definitions.
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9056|Czech]] ([[voy:cs:|&lt;code&gt;voy:cs:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370905] 

'''Learn more'''
* There is a [[diffblog:2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/|new Wikimedia Foundation data center]] in São Paulo, Brazil which helps to reduce load times.
* There is new [[diffblog:2024/07/22/the-perplexing-process-of-uploading-images-to-wikipedia/|user research]] on problems with the process of uploading images.
* Commons Impact Metrics are [[diffblog:2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/|now available]] via data dumps and API.
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/July|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W31&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:11, 29 Silimin gɔli July 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-32&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Two new parser functions will be available this week: &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#dir|#dir]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#bcp47|#bcp47]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. These will reduce the need for &lt;code&gt;Template:Dir&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Template:BCP47&lt;/code&gt; on Commons and allow us to [[phab:T343131|drop 100 million rows]] from the &quot;what links here&quot; database. Editors at any wiki that use these templates, can help by replacing the templates with these new functions. The templates at Commons will be updated during the Hackathon at Wikimania. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359761][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366623]
* Communities can request the activation of the visual editor on entire namespaces where discussions sometimes happen (for instance ''Wikipedia:'' or ''Wikisource:'' namespaces) if they understand the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/FAQ#WPNS|known limitations]]. For discussions, users can already use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] in these namespaces.
* The tracking category &quot;Pages using Timeline&quot; has been renamed to &quot;Pages using the EasyTimeline extension&quot; [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3ATimeline-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 in TranslateWiki]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match.

'''Project updates'''
* Editors who help to organize WikiProjects and similar on-wiki collaborations, are invited to share ideas and examples of successful collaborations with the Campaigns and Programs teams. You can fill out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/WikiProjects|a brief survey]] or share your thoughts [[m:Talk:Campaigns/WikiProjects|on the talkpage]]. The teams are particularly looking for details about successful collaborations on non-English wikis.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The new parser is being rolled out on {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} wikis over the next few months. The {{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage}} and {{int:project-localized-name-hewikivoyage}} were [[phab:T365367|switched]] to Parsoid last week. For more information, see [[mw:Parsoid/Parser_Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]].

'''Learn more'''
* There will be more than 200 sessions at Wikimania this week. Here is a summary of some of the [[diffblog:2024/08/05/interested-in-product-and-tech-here-are-some-wikimania-sessions-you-dont-want-to-miss/|key sessions related to the product and technology area]].
* The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/07-02|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available.
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/July|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New design previews for Translatable pages; Updates about MinT for Wiki Readers; the release of Translation dumps; and more.
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/31|Growth newsletter]] is available.
* The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/July 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W32&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:43, 5 Silimin gɔli August 2024 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': July 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue VII, July 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: For what matters most for your community 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Mid-term digitization update
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Structuring Wiki Loves Monuments through a Wikidata portal
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: CCA Hosts Inaugural Wiki Edit-a-Thon 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: The flight over the &quot;Rosinenbomber&quot; - drone deployment for Free Knowledge; Kicking off a German-language community of practice for building cultural heritage linked open data with the wikimedia projects
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: GLAM partner ventures into 'Digitisation Plus' programs with Wikimedians
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Prompting what's most important - our community in Albania and Kosovo
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: WikiProject International Botanical Congress 2024, a presentation to the Natural History Museum, London &amp; Kew Gardens staff and a Research expeditions edit-a-thon 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Translations galore
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikicurious WikiNYC Civic Hall; San Diego 111; #5WomenArtists campaign
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group July monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: GLAM GLobal meetup &amp; GLAM Global Calls
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: August's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 02:58, 12 Silimin gɔli August 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-33&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] editors and maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Show a CAPTCHA|make a CAPTCHA show if a filter matches an edit]]. This allows communities to quickly respond to spamming by automated bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T20110]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards|Stewards]] can now specify if global blocks should prevent account creation. Before [[phab:T17273|this change]] by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product]] Team, all global blocks would prevent account creation. This will allow stewards to reduce the unintended side-effects of global blocks on IP addresses.

'''Project updates'''
* [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#August_2024_committee_nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new members to refresh the [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]]. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open until at least 2024-08-26.
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2880037|West Coast Bajau]] ([[w:bdr:|&lt;code&gt;w:bdr:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371757]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W33&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:22, 12 Silimin gɔli August 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-34&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* Editors who want to re-use references but with different details such as page numbers, will be able to do so by the end of 2024, using a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Sub-referencing in a nutshell|sub-referencing]] feature. You can read more [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|about the project]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|how to test the prototype]].
* Editors using tracking categories to identify which pages use specific extensions may notice that six of the categories have been renamed to make them more easily understood and consistent. These categories are automatically added to pages that use specialized MediaWiki extensions. The affected names are for: [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aintersection-category&amp;namespace=8 DynamicPageList], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Akartographer-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 Kartographer], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aphonos-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 Phonos], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Arss-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 RSS], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Ascore-use-category&amp;namespace=8 Score], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Awikihiero-usage-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 WikiHiero]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. Thanks to Pppery for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347324]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Technical volunteers who edit modules and want to get a list of the categories used on a page, can now do so using the &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;categories&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt; property of &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title objects]]&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. This enables wikis to configure workflows such as category-specific edit notices. Thanks to SD001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85372]

'''Bugs status'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Your help is needed to check if any pages need to be moved or deleted. A maintenance script was run to clean up unreachable pages (due to Unicode issues or introduction of new namespaces/namespace aliases). The script tried to find appropriate names for the pages (e.g. by following the Unicode changes or by moving pages whose titles on Wikipedia start with &lt;code&gt;Talk:WP:&lt;/code&gt; so that their titles start with &lt;code&gt;Wikipedia talk:&lt;/code&gt;), but it may have failed for some pages, and moved them to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/T195546/]]&lt;/bdi&gt; instead. Your community should check if any pages are listed there, and move them to the correct titles, or delete them if they are no longer needed. A full log (including pages for which appropriate names could be found) is available in [[phab:P67388]].
* Editors who volunteer as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|mentors]] to newcomers on their wiki are once again able to access lists of potential mentees who they can connect with to offer help and guidance. This functionality was restored thanks to [[phab:T372164|a bug fix]]. Thank you to Mbch331 for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and 18 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Project updates'''
* The application deadline for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product &amp; Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC) has been extended to September 16. Members will help by providing advice to Foundation Product and Technology leadership on short and long term plans, on complex strategic problems, and help to get feedback from more contributors and technical communities. Selected members should expect to spend roughly 5 hours per month for the Council, during the one year pilot. Please consider applying, and spread the word to volunteers you think would make a positive contribution to the committee.

'''Learn more'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award#2024 Winners|2024 Coolest Tool Awards]] were awarded at Wikimania, in seven categories. For example, one award went to the ISA Tool, used for adding structured data to files on Commons, which was recently improved during the [[m:Event:Wiki Mentor Africa ISA Hackathon 2024|Wiki Mentor Africa Hackathon]]. You can see video demonstrations of each tool at the awards page. Congratulations to this year's recipients, and thank you to all tool creators and maintainers.
* The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-01|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available, and includes some highlights from Wikimania, an upcoming Language community meeting, and other news from the movement.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W34&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:54, 20 Silimin gɔli August 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-35&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]].
* Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as &quot;Pending Changes&quot;) may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156]

'''Bugs status'''
* Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Project updates'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization.
* Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013.

'''Learn more'''
* If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]].
* To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out:
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project.
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W35&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:33, 26 Silimin gɔli August 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-36&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Editors and volunteer developers interested in data visualisation can now test the new software for charts. Its early version is available on beta Commons and beta Wikipedia. This is an important milestone before making charts available on regular wikis. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|read more about this project update]] and help to test the charts.

'''Feature news'''
* Editors who use the [[{{#special:Unusedtemplates}}]] page can now filter out pages which are expected to be there permanently, such as sandboxes, test-cases, and templates that are always substituted. Editors can add the new magic word [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE|&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;]] to a template page to hide it from the listing. Thanks to Sophivorus and DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184633]
* Editors who use the New Topic tool on discussion pages, will [[phab:T334163|now be reminded]] to add a section header, which should help reduce the quantity of newcomers who add sections without a header. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:28}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].
* Last week, some Toolforge tools had occasional connection problems. The cause is still being investigated, but the problems have been resolved for now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373243]
* Translation administrators at multilingual wikis, when editing multiple translation units, can now easily mark which changes require updates to the translation. This is possible with the [[phab:T298852#10087288|new dropdown menu]].

'''Project updates'''
* A new draft text of a policy discussing the use of Wikimedia's APIs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/API Policy Update 2024|has been published on Meta-Wiki]]. The draft text does not reflect a change in policy around the APIs; instead, it is an attempt to codify existing API rules. Comments, questions, and suggestions are welcome on [[m:Talk:API Policy Update 2024|the proposed update’s talk page]] until September 13 or until those discussions have concluded.

'''Learn more'''
* To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out:
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization.webm|Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization]] (25 mins) – about the above-mentioned Charts project.
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 3 - State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia.webm|State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia]] (90 mins) – about some of the language tools that support Wikimedia sites, such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content]]/[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Section Translation]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MinT|MinT]], and LanguageConverter; also the current state and future of languages onboarding. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368772]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W36&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:07, 3 Silimin gɔli September 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-37&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* Starting this week, the standard [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will receive new colors that make them compatible in dark mode. This is the first of many changes to come as part of a major upgrade to syntax highlighting. You can learn more about what's to come on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365311][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059]
* Editors of wikis using Wikidata will now be notified of only relevant Wikidata changes in their watchlist. This is because the Lua functions &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;entity:getSitelink()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will have their logic unified for tracking different aspects of sitelinks to reduce junk notifications from [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Projects/Watchlist Wikidata Sitelinks Tracking|inconsistent sitelinks tracking]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295356]

'''Project updates'''
*  Users of all Wikis will have access to Wikimedia sites as read-only for a few minutes on September 25, starting at 15:00 UTC. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962]
* Contributors of [[phab:T363538#10123348|11 Wikipedias]], including English will have a new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MOS&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; namespace added to their Wikipedias. This improvement ensures that links beginning with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MOS:&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; (usually shortcuts to the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]) are not broken by [[w:en:Mooré|Mooré]] Wikipedia (language code &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mos&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363538]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W37&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:53, 9 Silimin gɔli September 2024 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue VIII, August 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Vacancy Wikimedian in Residence for Wikipedia on Aruba - Aruba on Wikipedia project
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Technology and biodiversity: “Amazonian Knowledge on Wiki”
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Colombia in Wikimania Mood
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Cooperation between National Library and Wikimedia CR was presented at Wikimania 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Wikimedians-in-residence assigned to add lexicographical data of 5 endangered languages of West Bengal
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: 10 reasons why the National Library of the Netherlands moved its Wikimedia-related publications from SlideShare to Zenodo, and keeps them on Wikimedia Commons
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Looking for Aotearoa's next roving Wikipedian, a Wikidata Te Papa research expeditions publication &amp; the Wikidata WikiProject IBC follow-up workshop 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: An insight of Wkikimedia MKD's 2024 GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Indonesian Featured Article award
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikimania report and meetups
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group August monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Global GLAM Wiki Meetup - Future meetings and outcomes
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: AvoinGLAM at Wikimania
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Content Partnerships Hub at Wikimania; The Helpdesk; Metabase; UN collaboration day
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Commons Impact Metrics, WikiLibCon25, and WikiConference North America
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 10:47, 11 Silimin gɔli September 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-38&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W38&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Improvements and Maintenance'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Editors interested in templates can help by reading the latest Wishlist focus area, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template recall and discovery]], and share your feedback on the talkpage. This input helps the Community Tech team to decide the right technical approach to build. Everyone is also encouraged to continue adding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|new wishes]].
* The new automated [[{{#special:NamespaceInfo}}]] page helps editors understand which [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] exist on each wiki, and some details about how they are configured. Thanks to DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263513]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|References Check]] is a feature that encourages editors to add a citation when they add a new paragraph to a Wikipedia article. For a short time, the corresponding tag &quot;Edit Check (references) activated&quot; was erroneously being applied to some edits outside of the main namespace. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373692]
* It is now possible for a wiki community to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed on their wiki. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Now, wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool authors can now access ToolsDB's [[wikitech:Portal:Data Services#ToolsDB|public databases]] from both [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry|Quarry]] and [[wikitech:Superset|Superset]]. Those databases have always been accessible to every [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] user, but they are now more broadly accessible, as Quarry can be accessed by anyone with a Wikimedia account. In addition, Quarry's internal database can now be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry#Querying Quarry's own database|queried from Quarry itself]]. This database contains information about all queries that are being run and starred by users in Quarry. This information was already public through the web interface, but you can now query it using SQL. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:20}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].
* Any pages or tools that still use the very old CSS classes &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw-message-box&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; need to be updated. These old classes will be removed next week or soon afterwards. Editors can use a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-message-box&amp;regex=1&amp;namespaces=&amp;title= global-search] to determine what needs to be changed. It is possible to use the newer &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;cdx-message&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; group of classes as a replacement (see [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/components/demos/message.html#css-only-version the relevant Codex documentation], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Header&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=27449042 an example update]), but using locally defined onwiki classes would be best. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374499]

'''Technical project updates'''
* Next week, all Wikimedia wikis will be read-only for a few minutes. This will start on September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This maintenance process also targets other services.]] The previous switchover took 3 minutes, and the Site Reliability Engineering teams use many tools to make sure that this essential maintenance work happens as quickly as possible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962]

'''Tech in depth'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/August 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes details about: research about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks|hook]] handlers to help simplify development, research about performance improvements, work to improve the REST API for end-users, and more.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: 
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Auditorium Kyiv - Day 4 - Hackathon Showcase.webm|Hackathon Showcase]] (45 mins) - 19 short presentations by some of the Hackathon participants, describing some of the projects they worked on, such as automated testing of maintenance scripts, a video-cutting command line tool, and interface improvements for various tools. There are [[phab:T369234|more details and links available]] in the Phabricator task.
** [[c:File:Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem.webm|Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem]] (40 mins) - a roundtable discussion for tool-maintainers, users, and supporters of Toolforge about how to make the platform sustainable and how to evaluate the tools available there.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W38&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:03, 17 Silimin gɔli September 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-39&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W39&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. Reading the wikis will not be interrupted, but editing will be paused. These twice-yearly processes allow WMF's site reliability engineering teams to remain prepared to keep the wikis functioning even in the event of a major interruption to one of our data centers.

'''Updates for editors'''
[[File:Add alt text from a halfsheet, with the article behind.png|thumb|A screenshot of the interface for the Alt Text suggested-edit feature]]
* Editors who use the iOS Wikipedia app in Spanish, Portuguese, French, or Chinese, may see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|Alt Text suggested-edit experiment]] after editing an article, or completing a suggested edit using &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project#Hypothesis 2 Add an Image Suggested Edit|Add an image]]&quot;. Alt-text helps people with visual impairments to read Wikipedia articles. The team aims to learn if adding alt-text to images is a task that editors can be successful with. Please share any feedback on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|the discussion page]].
* The Codex color palette has been updated with new and revised colors for the MediaWiki user interfaces. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design System Team/Color/Design documentation#Updates|most noticeable changes]] for editors include updates for: dark mode colors for Links and for quiet Buttons (progressive and destructive), visited Link colors for both light and dark modes, and background colors for system-messages in both light and dark modes.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] It is now possible to include clickable wikilinks and external links inside code blocks. This includes links that are used within &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags and on code pages (JavaScript, CSS, Scribunto and Sanitized CSS). Uses of template syntax &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{…}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; are also linked to the template page. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166]
* Two bugs were fixed in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Account vanishing|GlobalVanishRequest]] system by improving the logging and by removing an incorrect placeholder message. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370595][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T372223]
* View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] From [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]]: 
** The API now enables 5,000 on-demand API requests per month and twice-monthly HTML snapshots freely (gratis and libre). More information on the updates and also improvements to the software development kits (SDK) are explained on [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ the project's blog post]. While Wikimedia Enterprise APIs are designed for high-volume commercial reusers, this change enables many more community use-cases to be built on the service too.
** The Snapshot API (html dumps) have added beta Structured Contents endpoints ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/ blog post on that]) as well as released two beta datasets (English and French Wikipedia) from that endpoint to Hugging Face for public use and feedback ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/hugging-face-dataset/ blog post on that]). These pre-parsed data sets enable new options for researchers, developers, and data scientists to use and study the content.

'''In depth'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) is used to get answers to questions using the Wikidata data set. As Wikidata grows, we had to make a major architectural change so that WDQS could remain performant. As part of the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split project]], we have new SPARQL endpoints available for serving the &quot;[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org scholarly]&quot; and &quot;[https://query-main.wikidata.org main]&quot; subgraphs of Wikidata. The [http://query.wikidata.org query.wikidata.org endpoint] will continue to serve the full Wikidata graph until March 2025. After this date, it will only serve the main graph. For more information, please see [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|the announcement on Wikidata]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W39&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:37, 23 Silimin gɔli September 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-40&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W40&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Readers of [[phab:T375401|42 more wikis]] can now use Dark Mode. If the option is not yet available for logged-out users of your wiki, this is likely because many templates do not yet display well in Dark Mode. Please use the [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ night-mode-checker tool] if you are interested in helping to reduce the number of issues. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations page]] provides guidance on this. Dark Mode is enabled on additional wikis once per month.
* Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor as their default can access features from the 2017 wikitext editor by adding &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;?veaction=editsource&lt;/code&gt; to the URL. If you would like to enable the 2017 wikitext editor as your default, it can be set in [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-newwikitext|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239796]
* For logged-out readers using the Vector 2022 skin, the &quot;donate&quot; link has been moved from a collapsible menu next to the content area into a more prominent top menu, next to &quot;Create an account&quot;. This restores the link to the level of prominence it had in the Vector 2010 skin. [[mw:Readers/2024 Reader and Donor Experiences#Donor Experiences (Key Result WE 3.2 and the related hypotheses)|Learn more]] about the changes related to donor experiences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373585]
* The CampaignEvents extension provides tools for organizers to more easily manage events, communicate with participants, and promote their events on the wikis. The extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|enabled]] on Arabic Wikipedia, Igbo Wikipedia, Swahili Wikipedia, and Meta-Wiki. [[w:zh:Wikipedia:互助客栈/其他#引進CampaignEvents擴充功能|Chinese Wikipedia has decided]] to enable the extension, and discussions on the extension are in progress [[w:es:Wikipedia:Votaciones/2024/Sobre la política de Organizadores de Eventos|on Spanish Wikipedia]] and [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Enabling the CampaignEvents Extention on Wikidata|on Wikidata]]. To learn how to enable the extension on your wiki, you can visit [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|the CampaignEvents page on Meta-Wiki]].
* View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Developers with an account on Wikitech-wiki should [[wikitech:Wikitech/SUL-migration|check if any action is required]] for their accounts. The wiki is being changed to use the single-user-login (SUL) system, and other configuration changes. This change will help reduce the overall complexity for the weekly software updates across all our wikis.

'''In depth'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|server switch]] was completed successfully last week with a read-only time of [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Past Switches|only 2 minutes 46 seconds]]. This periodic process makes sure that engineers can switch data centers and keep all of the wikis available for readers, even if there are major technical issues. It also gives engineers a chance to do maintenance and upgrades on systems that normally run 24 hours a day, and often helps to reveal weaknesses in the infrastructure. The process involves dozens of software services and hundreds of hardware servers, and requires multiple teams working together. Work over the past few years has reduced the time from 17 minutes down to 2–3 minutes. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/66ZW7B2MG63AESQVTXDIFQBDBS766JGW/]

'''Meetings and events'''
* October 4–6: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiIndaba conference 2024|WikiIndaba Conference's Hackathon]] in Johannesburg, South Africa
* November 4–6: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] in Vienna, Austria

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W40&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:20, 30 Silimin gɔli September 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-41&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W41&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Communities can now request installation of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator|Automoderator]] on their wiki. Automoderator is an automated anti-vandalism tool that reverts bad edits based on scores from the new &quot;Revert Risk&quot; machine learning model. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AutoModerator/Deploying|read details about the necessary steps]] for installation and configuration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336934]

'''Updates for editors'''
* Translators in wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|the mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now customize their articles suggestion list from 41 filtering options when using the tool. This topic-based article suggestion feature makes it easy for translators to self-discover relevant articles based on their area of interest and translate them. You can [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;active-list=suggestions try it with your mobile device]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368422]
* View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* It is now possible for &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; code blocks to offer readers a &quot;Copy&quot; button if the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;copy=1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight#copy|set on the tag]]. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40932]
* Customized copyright footer messages on all wikis will be updated. The new versions will use wikitext markup instead of requiring editing raw HTML. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375789]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this month, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] will be rolled out on several pilot wikis. The final list of the wikis will be published in the second half of the month. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on [[phab:T376499|these 11 wikis]], and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Rate limiting has been enabled for the code review tools [[Wikitech:Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[Wikitech:GitLab|GitLab]] to address ongoing issues caused by malicious traffic and scraping. Clients that open too many concurrent connections will be restricted for a few minutes. This rate limiting is managed through [[Wikitech:nftables|nftables]] firewall rules. For more details, see Wikitech's pages on [[Wikitech:Firewall#Throttling with nftables|Firewall]], [[Wikitech:GitLab/Abuse and rate limiting|GitLab limits]] and [[Wikitech:Gerrit/Operations#Throttling IPs|Gerrit operations]].
* Five new wikis have been created: 
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q49224|Komering]] ([[w:kge:|&lt;code&gt;w:kge:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374813]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36096|Mooré]] ([[m:mos:|&lt;code&gt;m:mos:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374641]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[wikt:mad:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:mad:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374968]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q2501174|Gorontalo]] ([[q:gor:|&lt;code&gt;q:gor:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375088]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikinews}} in [[d:Q56482|Shan]] ([[n:shn:|&lt;code&gt;n:shn:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375430]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W41&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:43, 7 Silimin gɔli October 2024 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': September 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue IX, September 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikimedian in Residence at Elbasan’s Ethnographic Museum in Albania
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: GLAM and communities
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Artbank's edit-a-thon for gender equity in Australian visual arts
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Project 'Belgian distilleries as Linked Open Data' completed
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Photowalks for Wiki Loves Monuments 2024 at five corners of Brazil
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/France report|France report]]: 4th edition of the Label Culture Libre
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Digitization at the Museum of Santal Culture, Federation Hall Society Library and Cultural Heritage and Literature in Meghalaya
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Report on the Wikidata WikiProject International Botanical 2024, Conference report for SPNHC-TDWG 2024 and the upcoming New Zealand species edit-a-thon
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Wiki Takes Rural Archaeology
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Wiki content in interfaith education
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Banned books and more
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group September monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Global GLAM calls from November: short survey, and register!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: October's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11:38, 10 Silimin gɔli October 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-42&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W42&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is starting to be removed. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|A first set of wikis]] are being contacted. These wikis are invited to stop using Flow, and to move all Flow boards to sub-pages, as archives. At these wikis, a script will move all Flow pages that aren't a sub-page to a sub-page automatically, starting on 22 October 2024. On 28 October 2024, all Flow boards at these wikis will be set in read-only mode. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370722]
* WMF's Search Platform team is working on making it easier for readers to perform text searches in their language. A [[phab:T332342|change last week]] on over 30 languages makes it easier to find words with accents and other diacritics. This applies to both full-text search and to types of advanced search such as the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;''hastemplate''&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;''incategory''&lt;/bdi&gt; keywords. More technical details (including a few other minor search upgrades) are available. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:TJones_%28WMF%29/Notes/Language_Analyzer_Harmonization_Notes#ASCII-folding/ICU-folding_%28T332342%29]
* View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|EditCheck]] was installed at Russian Wikipedia, and fixes were made for some missing user interface styles.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Editors who use the Toolforge tool [[toolforge:copyvios|Earwig's Copyright Violation Detector]] will now be required to log in with their Wikimedia account before running checks using the &quot;search engine&quot; option. This change is needed to help prevent external bots from misusing the system. Thanks to Chlod for these improvements. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:New_pages_patrol/Reviewers#Authentication_is_now_required_for_search_engine_checks_on_Earwig's_Copyvio_Tool]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] users can create tickets and add comments on existing tickets via Email again. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator/Help#Using email|Sending email to Phabricator]] has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356077]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Some HTML elements in the interface are now wrapped with a &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;bdi&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; element, to make our HTML output more aligned with Web standards. More changes like this will be coming in future weeks. This change might break some tools that rely on the previous HTML structure of the interface. Note that relying on the HTML structure of the interface is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Stable interface policy/Frontend#What is not stable?|not recommended]] and might break at any time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375975]

'''In depth'''
* The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/September 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes: updates on Wikimedia's authentication system, research to simplify feature development in the MediaWiki platform, updates on Parser Unification and MathML rollout, and more.
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/October|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition include: research about improving topic suggestions related to countries, improvements to PHPUnit tests, and more.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W42&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:21, 14 Silimin gɔli October 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-43&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W43&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Mobile Apps team has released an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh#Phase 1: Creating a user Profile Menu (T373714)|update]] to the iOS app's navigation, and it is now available in the latest App store version. The team added a new Profile menu that allows for easy access to editor features like Notifications and Watchlist from the Article view, and brings the &quot;Donate&quot; button into a more accessible place for users who are reading an article. This is the first phase of a larger planned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh|navigation refresh]] to help the iOS app transition from a primarily reader-focused app, to an app that fully supports reading and editing. The Wikimedia Foundation has added more editing features and support for on-wiki communication based on volunteer requests in recent years.
[[File:IOS App Navigation refresh first phase 05.png|thumb|iOS Wikipedia App's profile menu and contents]]

'''Updates for editors'''
* Wikipedia readers can now download a browser extension to experiment with some early ideas on potential features that recommend articles for further reading, automatically summarize articles, and improve search functionality. For more details and to stay updated, check out the Web team's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments|Content Discovery Experiments page]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Web team's projects|subscribe to their newsletter]].
* Later this month, logged-out editors of [[phab:T376499|these 12 wikis]] will start to have [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] created. The list may slightly change - some wikis may be removed but none will be added. Temporary account is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User account types|type of user account]]. It enhances the logged-out editors' privacy and makes it easier for community members to communicate with them. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on these 12 wikis, and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. Read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|deployment plan across all wikis]].
* View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[w:nr:Main Page|South Ndebele]], [[w:rsk:Главни бок|Pannonian Rusyn]], [[w:ann:Uwu|Obolo]], [[w:iba:Lambar Keterubah|Iban]] and [[w:tdd:ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥘᥣᥲ ᥖᥥᥰ|Tai Nüa]] Wikipedia languages were created last week. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36785][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35660][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36614][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33424][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36556]
* It is now possible to create functions on Wikifunctions using Wikidata lexemes, through the new [[f:Z6005|Wikidata lexeme type]] launched last week. When you go to one of these functions, the user interface provides a lexeme selector that helps you pick a lexeme from Wikidata that matches the word you type. After hitting run, your selected lexeme is retrieved from Wikidata, transformed into a Wikidata lexeme type, and passed into the selected function. Read more about this in [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17#Function of the Week: select representation from lexeme|the latest Wikifunctions newsletter]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Users of the Wikimedia sites can now format dates more easily in different languages with the new &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;{{[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef|#timef]]:…}}&lt;/code&gt; parser function. For example, &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#timef:now|date|en}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; will show as &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;{{#timef:now|date|en}}&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot;. Previously, &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#time:…}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; could be used to format dates, but this required knowledge of the order of the time and date components and their intervening punctuation. &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#timef&lt;/code&gt; (or &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#timefl&lt;/code&gt; for local time) provides access to the standard date formats that MediaWiki uses in its user interface. This may help to simplify some templates on multi-lingual wikis like Commons and Meta. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223772][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Commons and Meta users can now efficiently [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Localization|retrieve the user's language]] using &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{USERLANGUAGE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; instead of using &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{int:lang}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T4085]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Tech Advisory Council]] (PTAC) now has its pilot members with representation across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. They will work to address the [[Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Technology Council|Movement Strategy's Technology Council]] initiative of having a co-defined and more resilient technological platform. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy/Initiatives/Technology_Council]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/32|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: an upcoming Newcomer Homepage Community Updates module, new Community Configuration options, and details on new projects.
* The Wikimedia Foundation is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Security Team#CNA Partnership|now an official partner of the CVE program]], which is an international effort to catalog publicly disclosed cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This partnership will allow the Security Team to instantly publish [[w:en:Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures|common vulnerabilities and exposures]] (CVE) records that are affecting MediaWiki core, extensions, and skins, along with any other code the Foundation is a steward of.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]] is now [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates#October 16, 2024: Conversations Made Easier: Machine-Translated Wishes Are Here!|testing machine translations]] for Wishlist content. Volunteers can now read machine-translated versions of wishes and dive into discussions even before translators arrive to translate content.

'''Meetings and events'''
* 24 October - Wiki Education Speaker Series Webinar - [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/N4XTB4G55BUY3M3PNGUAKQWJ7A4UOPAK/ Open Source Tech: Building the Wiki Education Dashboard], featuring Wikimedia interns and a Web developer in the panel.
* 20–22 December 2024 - [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024|Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024]] in Odisha, India. A hackathon for community members, including developers, designers and content editors, to build technical solutions that improve contributors' experiences.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W43&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:52, 21 Silimin gɔli October 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-44&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W44&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Later in November, the Charts extension will be deployed to the test wikis in order to help identify and fix any issue. A security review is underway to then enable deployment to pilot wikis for broader testing. You can read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#October 2024: Working towards production deployment|the October project update]] and see the [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Charts latest documentation and examples on Beta Wikipedia].
* View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[w:en:PediaPress|Pediapress.com]], an external service that creates books from Wikipedia, can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Maps|Wikimedia Maps]] to include existing pre-rendered infobox map images in their printed books on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375761]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Wikis can use [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|the Guided Tour extension]] to help newcomers understand how to edit. The Guided Tours extension now works with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Dark mode|dark mode]]. Guided Tour maintainers can check their tours to see that nothing looks odd. They can also set &lt;code&gt;emitTransitionOnStep&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;true&lt;/code&gt; to fix an old bug. They can use the new flag &lt;code&gt;allowAutomaticBack&lt;/code&gt; to avoid back-buttons they don't want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73927#10241528]
*  Administrators in the Wikimedia projects who use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Nuke|Nuke Extension]] will notice that mass deletions done with this tool have the &quot;Nuke&quot; tag. This change will make reviewing and analyzing deletions performed with the tool easier. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366068]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W44&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:56, 28 Silimin gɔli October 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-45&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W45&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Stewards can now make [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks|global account blocks]] cause global [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblocks]]. This will assist stewards in preventing abuse from users who have been globally blocked. This includes preventing globally blocked temporary accounts from exiting their session or switching browsers to make subsequent edits for 24 hours. Previously, temporary accounts could exit their current session or switch browsers to continue editing. This is an anti-abuse tool improvement for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project. You can read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|progress on key features for temporary accounts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368949]
* Wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]] can now use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event list#October 29, 2024: Collaboration List launched|Collaboration List]] feature. This list provides a new, easy way for contributors to learn about WikiProjects on their wikis. Thanks to the Campaign team for this work that is part of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product %26 Technology OKRs#WE KRs|the 2024/25 annual plan]]. If you are interested in bringing the CampaignEvents extension to your wiki, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|follow these steps]] or you can reach out to User:Udehb-WMF for help.
* The text color for red links will be slightly changed later this week to improve their contrast in light mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370446]
* View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, on multilingual wikis, users [[phab:T216368|can now]] hide translations from the WhatLinksHere special page.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* XML [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Data dumps|data dumps]] have been temporarily paused whilst a bug is investigated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/BXWJDPO5QI2QMBCY7HO36ELDCRO6HRM4/]

'''In depth'''
* Temporary Accounts have been deployed to six wikis; thanks to the Trust and Safety Product team for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|this work]], you can read about [[phab:T340001|the deployment plans]]. Beginning next week, Temporary Accounts will also be enabled on [[phab:T378336|seven other projects]]. If you are active on these wikis and need help migrating your tools, please reach out to [[m:User:Udehb-WMF|User:Udehb-WMF]] for assistance.
*  The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/October|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available.  It includes: New languages supported in translatewiki or in MediaWiki; New keyboard input methods for some languages; details about recent and upcoming meetings, and more.

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] is happening in Vienna, Austria and online from 4 to 6 November 2024. The conference will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W45&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:50, 4 Silimin gɔli November 2024 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': October 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue X, October 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wiki Loves Monuments in Albania and Kosovo, 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Amazon holotypes: how the species were discovered
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: FIMS Graduate Library Wiki Club Lunch &amp; Learn
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: ¿Por qué y para qué usar Wikidata en Colombia? / Why and for what purpose should Wikidata be used in Colombia?
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Empowering Italian GLAMs
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Edit-a-thon at the City Museum of Mitrovica
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Latvia report|Latvia report]]: Wikidata Workshop 2024: National Library of Latvia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Highlights from the Third Wiki Loves Fashion Campaign in the Netherlands
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Auckland Museum Wikimedian in Residence, Te Maori edit-a-thons &amp; NZ Species edit-a-thons
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: WIKIMEDIA MKD's successful GLAM programme!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: General Archive of the Palace
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Memory of the World baseline
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: October meetups
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group October monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: European encounters
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Baseline report
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Wikidata's 12th birthday celebration
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: November's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 15:18, 10 Silimin gɔli November 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-46&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W46&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* On wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|Translate extension]] enabled, users will notice that the FuzzyBot will now automatically create translated versions of categories used on translated pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285463]
* View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the submitted task to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SecurePoll|SecurePoll extension]] for English Wikipedia's special [[w:en:Wikipedia:Administrator elections|administrator election]] was resolved on time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371454] 

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] In &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:MediaWiki_1.44/wmf.2|1.44.0-wmf-2]]&lt;/code&gt;, the logic of Wikibase function &lt;code&gt;getAllStatements&lt;/code&gt; changed to behave like &lt;code&gt;getBestStatements&lt;/code&gt;. Invoking the function now returns a copy of values which are immutable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270851]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. The API will be rerouting some page content endpoints from RESTbase to the newer [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST API]] endpoints. The [[phab:T374683|impacted endpoints]] include getting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content. These changes will be available on testwiki later this week, with other projects to follow. This change should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints should verify behavior on testwiki, and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]].

'''In depth'''
* Admins and users of the Wikimedia projects [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator_Tools/Automoderator#Usage|where Automoderator is enabled]] can now monitor and evaluate important metrics related to Automoderator's actions. [https://superset.wmcloud.org/superset/dashboard/unified-automoderator-activity-dashboard/ This Superset dashboard] calculates and aggregates metrics about Automoderator's behaviour on the projects in which it is deployed. Thanks to the Moderator Tools team for this Dashboard; you can visit [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator/Unified Activity Dashboard|the documentation page]] for more information about this work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369488]

'''Meetings and events'''
* 21 November 2024 ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] &amp; [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]) - [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Community call]] with Wikimedia Commons volunteers and stakeholders to help prioritize support efforts for 2025-2026 Fiscal Year. The theme of this call is how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons.
'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W46&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:07, 12 Silimin gɔli November 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-47&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W47&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Users of Wikimedia sites will now be warned when they create a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects|redirect]] to a page that doesn't exist. This will reduce the number of broken redirects to red links in our projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326057]
* View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|Pywikibot]], which automates work on MediaWiki sites, was upgraded to 9.5.0 on Toolforge. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378676]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* On wikis that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]], pages created or moved by users with the appropriate permissions are marked as flagged automatically. This feature has not been working recently, and changes fixing it should be deployed this week. Thanks to Daniel and Wargo for working on this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379218][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368380]

'''In depth'''
* There is a new [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection Diff post] about Temporary Accounts, available in more than 15 languages. Read it to learn about what Temporary Accounts are, their impact on different groups of users, and the plan to introduce the change on all wikis.

'''Meetings and events'''
* Technical volunteers can now register for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/hackathon2025/ Application for travel and accommodation scholarships] is open from '''November 12 to December 10 2024'''. The registration for the event will close in mid-April 2025. The Wikimedia Hackathon is an annual gathering that unites the global technical community to collaborate on existing projects and explore new ideas.
* Join the [[C:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF%20support%20for%20Commons/Commons%20community%20calls|Wikimedia Commons community calls]] this week to help prioritize support for Commons which will be planned for 2025–2026. The theme will be how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. This is an opportunity for volunteers who work on different things to come together and talk about what matters for the future of the project. The calls will take place '''November 21, 2024, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]'''.
* A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place '''November 29, 16:00 UTC''' to discuss updates and technical problem-solving.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W47&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:01, 19 Silimin gɔli November 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27806858 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-48&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W48&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new version of the standard wikitext editor-mode [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will be available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] later this week. This brings many new features and bug fixes, including right-to-left support, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Template folding|template folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and an improved search panel. You can learn more on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]].
* The 2010 wikitext editor now supports common keyboard shortcuts such &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ctrl&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;B&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for bold and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ctrl&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;I&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for italics. A full [[mw:Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|list of all six shortcuts]] is available. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62928]
* Starting November 28, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: &lt;bdi&gt;bswiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;elwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;euwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;fawiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;fiwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwikiquote&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwikisource&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwikiversity&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwikivoyage&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;idwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;lvwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;plwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;ptwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;urwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;viwikisource&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;zhwikisource&lt;/bdi&gt;. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. 
* View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a user creating a new AbuseFilter can now only set the filter to &quot;protected&quot; [[phab:T377765|if it includes a protected variable]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]], which can be used in JavaScript, CSS, JSON, and Lua pages, [[phab:T377663|now offers]] live autocompletion. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. The feature can be temporarily disabled on a page by pressing &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ctrl&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;,&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and un-selecting &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Live Autocompletion&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot;.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool-maintainers who use the Graphite system for tracking metrics, need to migrate to the newer Prometheus system. They can check [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/K6DEOo5Ik/grafana-graphite-datasource-utilization?orgId=1 this dashboard] and the list in the Description of the [[phab:T350592|task T350592]] to see if their tools are listed, and they should claim metrics and dashboards connected to their tools. They can then disable or migrate all existing metrics by following the instructions in the task. The Graphite service will become read-only in April. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/KLUV4IOLRYXPQFWD6WKKJUHMWE77BMSZ/]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/NewPP parser report|New PreProcessor parser performance report]] has been fixed to give an accurate count for the number of Wikibase entities accessed. It had previously been resetting after 400 entities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279069]

'''Meetings and events'''
* A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place November 29 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000 16:00 UTC]. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Mooré Wikipedia, the language support track at [[m:Wiki Indaba|Wiki Indaba]], and a report from the Wayuunaiki community on their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community over the last 3 years. This meeting will be in English and will also have Spanish interpretation.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W48&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:42, 25 Silimin gɔli November 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-49&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W49&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Two new parser functions were added this week. The &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interwikilink|#interwikilink]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interwiki links|interwiki link]] and the &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interlanguagelink|#interlanguagelink]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interlanguage links|interlanguage link]]. These parser functions are useful on wikis where namespaces conflict with interwiki prefixes. For example, links beginning with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MOS:&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; on English Wikipedia [[phab:T363538|conflict with the &lt;code&gt;mos&lt;/code&gt; language code prefix of Mooré Wikipedia]].
* Starting this week, Wikimedia wikis no longer support connections using old RSA-based HTTPS certificates, specifically rsa-2048. This change is to improve security for all users. Some older, unsupported browser or smartphone devices will be unable to connect; Instead, they will display a connectivity error. See the [[wikitech:HTTPS/Browser_Recommendations|HTTPS Browser Recommendations page]] for more-detailed information. All modern operating systems and browsers are always able to reach Wikimedia projects. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CTYEHVNSXUD3NFAAMG3BLZVTVQWJXJAH/]
* Starting December 16, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: &lt;bdi&gt;arwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;cawiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;mediawikiwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;orwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;wawiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;wawiktionary&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;wikidatawiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;zhwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380910]
* This month the Chart extension was deployed to production and is now available on Commons and Testwiki. With the security review complete, pilot wiki deployment is expected to start in the first week of December. You can see a working version [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details.
* View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug with the &quot;Download as PDF&quot; system was fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376438]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* In late February, temporary accounts will be rolled out on at least 10 large wikis. This deployment will have a significant effect on the community-maintained code. This is about Toolforge tools, bots, gadgets, and user scripts that use IP address data or that are available for logged-out users. The Trust and Safety Product team wants to identify this code, monitor it, and assist in updating it ahead of the deployment to minimize disruption to workflows. The team asks technical editors and volunteer developers to help identify such tools by adding them to [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/Impacted tools|this list]]. In addition, review the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|updated documentation]] to learn how to adjust the tools. Join the discussions on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|project talk page]] or in the [[discord:channels/221049808784326656/1227616742340034722|dedicated thread]] on the [[w:Wikipedia:Discord|Wikimedia Community Discord server (in English)]] for support and to share feedback. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W49&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:23, 2 Silimin gɔli December 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-50&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W50&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Technical documentation contributors can find updated resources, and new ways to connect with each other and the Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team, at the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Documentation|Documentation hub]] on MediaWiki.org. This page links to: resources for writing and improving documentation, a new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#wikimedia-techdocs&lt;/bdi&gt; IRC channel on libera.chat, a listing of past and upcoming documentation events, and ways to request a documentation consultation or review. If you have any feedback or ideas for improvements to the documentation ecosystem, please [[mw:Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team#Contact us|contact the Technical Documentation Team]].

'''Updates for editors'''
[[File:Edit Check on Desktop.png|thumb|Layout change for the Edit Check feature]]
* Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] will be relocated to a sidebar on desktop. Edit check is the feature for new editors to help them follow policies and guidelines. This layout change creates space to present people with [[mw:Edit check#1 November 2024|new Checks]] that appear ''while'' they are typing. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#Reference Check A/B Test|initial results]] show newcomers encountering Edit Check are 2.2 times more likely to publish a new content edit that includes a reference and is not reverted.
* The Chart extension, which enables editors to create data visualizations, was successfully made available on MediaWiki.org and three pilot wikis (Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedias). You can see a working examples [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details.
* Translators in wikis where the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now discover articles in Wikiproject campaigns of their interest from the &quot;[https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;campaign=specialcx&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=collections&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=es&amp;to=en All collection]&quot; category in the articles suggestion feature. Wikiproject Campaign organizers can use this feature, to help translators to discover articles of interest, by adding the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;page-collection&gt; &lt;/page-collection&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tag to their campaign article list page on Meta-wiki. This will make those articles discoverable in the Content Translation tool. For more detailed information on how to use the tool and tag, please refer to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based &amp; Community-defined lists/How to use the features|the step-by-step guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378958]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, now has a [[phab:T376379#10310998|multiselect filter for namespace selection]]. This enables users to select multiple specific namespaces, instead of only one or all, when fetching pages for deletion.
* The Nuke feature also now [[phab:T364225#10371365|provides links]] to the userpage of the user whose pages were deleted, and to the pages which were not selected for deletion, after page deletions are queued. This enables easier follow-up admin-actions. Thanks to Chlod and the Moderator Tools team for both of these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364225#10371365]
* The Editing Team is working on making it easier to populate citations from archive.org using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|Citoid]] tool, the auto-filled citation generator. They are asking communities to add two parameters preemptively, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;archiveUrl&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;archiveDate&lt;/code&gt;, within the TemplateData for each citation template using Citoid. You can see an [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACite_web%2Fdoc&amp;diff=1261320172&amp;oldid=1260788022 example of a change in a template], and a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?namespaces=10&amp;q=%5C%22citoid%5C%22%3A%20%5C%7B&amp;regex=1&amp;title= list of all relevant templates]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374831]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9240|Indonesian]] ([[voy:id:|&lt;code&gt;voy:id:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380726]
* Last week, all wikis had problems serving pages to logged-in users and some logged-out users for 30–45 minutes. This was caused by a database problem, and investigation is ongoing. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/3g2ckc7bp6l9]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add Link]] feature has been fixed. Previously, the list of sections which are excluded from Add Link was partially ignored in certain cases. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380455][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380329]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, now has an early-stage [[git:design/codex-php|implementation in PHP]]. It is available for general use in MediaWiki extensions and Toolforge apps through [https://packagist.org/packages/wikimedia/codex Composer], with use in MediaWiki core coming soon. More information is available in [[wmdoc:design-codex-php/main/index.html|the documentation]]. Thanks to Doğu for the inspiration and many contributions to the library. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379662]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. On December 4, the MediaWiki Interfaces team began rerouting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content endpoints on [[testwiki:|testwiki]] from RESTbase to comparable MediaWiki REST API endpoints. The team encourages active users of these endpoints to verify their tool's behavior on testwiki and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]] before the end of the year, as they intend to roll out the same change across all Wikimedia projects in early January. These changes are part of the work to replace the outdated [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|RESTBase]] system.
* The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/986172 2024 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 3 January 2025, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:Developer Satisfaction Survey 2024 Privacy Statement|privacy statement]].
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The next meeting in the series of [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation discussions with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12 December 2024 08:00 UTC|December 12 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12_December 2024 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is new media and new contributors. Contributors from all wikis are welcome to attend.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W50&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:16, 9 Silimin gɔli December 2024 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': November 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue XI, November 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Minigrant and Photowalk Projects in Albania 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Winners of WLM 2024 Brazil
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: WikiConvention francophone 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: deGrowth in N0vember
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Visual memory presented with collections of East Bohemia Museum in Hradec Kralove
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Digitization starts at Rammohun Library and Free Reading Room
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Wrap up the nine projects funded by 2024 GLAM call and Italian Wikidata Days
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: NZ Species Editathon, OEGlobal 2024 and Auckland Museum's Summer Students
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Summary of Wikidata Days 2024: Librarians don’t need hammers, they need Wikidata
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/UAE report|UAE report]]: Highlighting the Impact of Wiki Loves Monuments 2024 in UAE
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Wikimedia UAE and Librarians report|Wikimedia UAE and Librarians report]]: Empowering Knowledge: Librarians and Wikimedia at DILC 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Middle-Eastern history and interfaith education
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: November meetings
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group November monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Winter Festival
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Wikidata and Wikipedia improvements
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: December's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 21:45, 10 Silimin gɔli December 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=27942378 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-51&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W51&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Interested in improving event management on your home wiki? The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] offers organizers features like event registration management, event/wikiproject promotion, finding potential participants, and more - all directly on-wiki. If you are an organizer or think your community would benefit from this extension, start a discussion to enable it on your wiki today. To learn more about how to enable this extension on your wiki, visit the [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|deployment status page]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in Italy and Mexico on the Italian, Spanish, and English Wikipedias, can see a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review|personalized Year in Review]] with insights based on their reading and editing history.
* Users of the Android Wikipedia App in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia can see the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Rabbit Holes|Rabbit Holes]] feature. This feature shows a suggested search term in the Search bar based on the current article being viewed, and a suggested reading list generated from the user’s last two visited articles.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|global reminder bot]] is now active and running on nearly 800 wikis. This service reminds most users holding temporary rights when they are about to expire, so that they can renew should they want to. See [[m:Global reminder bot/Technical details|the technical details page]] for more information.
* The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 13 January 2025 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was [[phab:T374988|fixed]] in the Android Wikipedia App which had caused translatable SVG images to show the wrong language when they were tapped.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version next week. The next deployments will start on 14 January. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar/2025] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W51&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:25, 16 Silimin gɔli December 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27942374 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue XII, December 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: The Patrolling Edit-a-thon in Albania and Kosovo, 2024 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Last activities of 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Catrapilha in action: Uploading the Porto Alegre image feed
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Living GLAM project on Santali culture continues in West Bengal
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: From SlideShare to Zenodo &amp; How Dutch Wikipedia uses the Digital Library for Dutch Literature
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Wikdata module, Auckland Museum student progress, and the Wikipedian at Large
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Digitization of Heritage Archives in Nigeria
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Conference for GLAM employees in Skopje
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Wikimedia Portugal and Wiki Editoras Lx Collaborate on a Wiki GLAM, Culture, and Heritage Conference for 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: 2024 in review
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: December meetings
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Public Domain Day report|Public Domain Day report]]: Public Domain Day 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group December monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Ways forward
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 13:00, 11 Silimin gɔli January 2025 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=28033195 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-03&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Single User Login system is being updated over the next few months. This is the system which allows users to fill out the login form on one Wikimedia site and get logged in on all others at the same time. It needs to be updated because of the ways that browsers are increasingly restricting cross-domain cookies. To accommodate these restrictions, login and account creation pages will move to a central domain, but it will still appear to the user as if they are on the originating wiki. The updated code will be enabled this week for users on test wikis. This change is planned to roll out to all users during February and March. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and a timeline.

'''Updates for editors'''
* On wikis with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments|PageAssessments]] installed, you can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments#Search|filter search results]] to pages in a given WikiProject by using the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;inproject:&lt;/code&gt; keyword. (These wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] 
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34129|Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|&lt;code&gt;w:tig:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with updating a user's edit-count after making a rollback edit, which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia REST API users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. Starting the week of January 13, we will begin rerouting [[phab:T374683|some page content endpoints]] from RESTbase to the newer MediaWiki REST API endpoints for all wiki projects. This change was previously available on testwiki and should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints may raise issues directly to the [[phab:project/view/6931/|MediaWiki Interfaces Team]] in Phabricator if they arise.
* Toolforge tool maintainers can now share their feedback on Toolforge UI, an initiative to provide a web platform that allows creating and managing Toolforge tools through a graphic interface, in addition to existing command-line workflows. This project aims to streamline active maintainers’ tasks, as well as make registration and deployment processes more accessible for new tool creators. The initiative is still at a very early stage, and the Cloud Services team is in the process of collecting feedback from the Toolforge community to help shape the solution to their needs. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Read more and share your thoughts about Toolforge UI]]. 
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] For tool and library developers who use the OAuth system: The identity endpoint used for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] returned a JSON object with an integer in its &lt;code&gt;sub&lt;/code&gt; field, which was incorrect (the field must always be a string). This has been fixed; the fix will be deployed to Wikimedia wikis on the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139]
* Many wikis currently use [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] to render custom footnote markers in Parsoid output. Starting January 20 these rules will be disabled, but the developers ask you to ''not'' clean up your &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]&lt;/bdi&gt; until February 20 to avoid issues during the migration. Your wikis might experience some small changes to footnote markers in Visual Editor and when using experimental Parsoid read mode, but if there are changes these are expected to bring the rendering in line with the legacy parser output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The next meeting in the series of [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation Community Conversations with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|January 15 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is defining the priorities in tool investment for Commons. Contributors from all wikis, especially users who are maintaining tools for Commons, are welcome to attend.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W03&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:42, 14 Silimin gɔli January 2025 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28048614 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-04&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Administrators can mass-delete multiple pages created by a user or IP address using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. It previously only allowed deletion of pages created in the last 30 days. It can now delete pages from the last 90 days, provided it is targeting a specific user or IP address. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846]
* On [[phab:P72148|wikis that use]] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]] feature, when the rollback feature is used to revert an unpatrolled page revision, that revision will now be marked as &quot;manually patrolled&quot; instead of &quot;autopatrolled&quot;, which is more accurate. Some editors that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|filters]] on Recent Changes may need to update their filter settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Visual Editor's &quot;Insert link&quot; feature did not always suggest existing pages properly when an editor started typing, which has now been [[phab:T383497|fixed]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is being progressively removed from the wikis. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|The last group of wikis]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/en}}) will soon be contacted. If you have questions about this process, please ping [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] at your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912]
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: updates about services from the Data Platform Engineering teams, information about Codex from the Design System team, and more.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W04&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:37, 21 Silimin gɔli January 2025 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28129769 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-05&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Patrollers and admins - what information or context about edits or users could help you to make patroller or admin decisions more quickly or easily? The Wikimedia Foundation wants to hear from you to help guide its upcoming annual plan. Please consider sharing your thoughts on this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|13 other questions]] to shape the technical direction for next year.

'''Updates for editors'''
* iOS Wikipedia App users worldwide can now access a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|personalized Year in Review]] feature, which provides insights based on their reading and editing history on Wikipedia. This project is part of a broader effort to help welcome new readers as they discover and interact with encyclopedic content.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Edit patrollers now have a new feature available that can highlight potentially problematic new pages. When a page is created with the same title as a page which was previously deleted, a tag ('Recreated') will now be added, which users can filter for in [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] and [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145]
* Later this week, there will be a new warning for editors if they attempt to create a redirect that links to another redirect (a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|double redirect]]). The feature will recommend that they link directly to the second redirect's target page. Thanks to the user SomeRandomDeveloper for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia wikis allow [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]]-based second factor checks (such as hardware tokens) during login, but the feature is [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|fragile]] and has very few users. The MediaWiki Platform team is temporarily disabling adding new WebAuthn keys, to avoid interfering with the rollout of [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (single user login version 3). Existing keys are unaffected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''

* For developers that use the [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|MediaWiki History dumps]]: The Data Platform Engineering team has added a couple of new fields to these dumps, to support the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] initiative. If you maintain software that reads those dumps, please review your code and the updated documentation, since the order of the fields in the row will change. There will also be one field rename: in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mediawiki_user_history&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; dump, the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;anonymous&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; field will be renamed to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;is_anonymous&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. The changes will take effect with the next release of the dumps in February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W05&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:15, 27 Silimin gɔli January 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-06&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Editors who use the &quot;Special characters&quot; editing-toolbar menu can now see the 32 special characters you have used most recently, across editing sessions on that wiki. This change should help make it easier to find the characters you use most often. The feature is in both the 2010 wikitext editor and VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722]
* Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor can now create sublists with correct indentation by selecting the line(s) you want to indent and then clicking the toolbar buttons.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] You can now also insert &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags using a new toolbar button.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Thanks to user stjn for these improvements.
* Help is needed to ensure the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]] works properly on each wiki.
** (1) Administrators should update the local versions of the page &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json&lt;/code&gt; to include entries for &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;preprint&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;standard&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;dataset&lt;/code&gt;; Here are example diffs to replicate [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&amp;diff=1189164774&amp;oldid=1165783565 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&amp;diff=1270832208&amp;oldid=1270828390 for 'standard' and 'dataset'].
** (2.1) If the citoid map in the citation template used for these types of references is missing, [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki#Step 2.a: Create a 'citoid' maps value for each citation template|one will need to be added]]. (2.2) If the citoid map does exist, the TemplateData will need to be updated to include new field names. Here are example updates [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&amp;diff=1270829051&amp;oldid=1262470053 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&amp;diff=1270831369&amp;oldid=1270829480 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. The new fields that may need to be supported are &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;archiveID&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;identifier&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;repository&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;organization&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;repositoryLocation&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;committee&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;versionNumber&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q15637215|Central Kanuri]] ([[w:knc:|&lt;code&gt;w:knc:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|OCR (optical character recognition) tool]] used for Wikisource now supports a new language, Church Slavonic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W06&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:09, 4 Silimin gɔli February 2025 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2025 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue I, January 2025&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Africa report|Africa report]]: Guinea-Bissau Heritage from Commons to the World
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikimedian in Residence at the Qemal Baholli Public Library in Elbasan (October - December 2024)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Wikipedia on Aruba project has officially begun!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Maranhão
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Exploring Wikidata &amp; Building Community for Cultural Heritage Professionals
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Celebrating Public Domain Day 2025 in Indonesia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: New Wikimedia Italia Grant for GLAMs
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: 3 Million Dutch Cultural Heritage Images in Commons &amp; 400,000 RCE images now in higher resolution &amp; Usage of DBNL in Dutch Wikipedia articles
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Student led Edit-a-thon
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki 2024 in Poland: Achievements, Collaborations, and Impact
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Wikimedia Serbia: Advancing GLAM collaborations and digital heritage
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Cairo Geniza
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikipedia Day
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group January monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Join the Global GLAM Call – Tuesday, February 11th, 13:30 UTC!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: To the front page!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Wikidata at WikiLibCon 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 23:23, 9 Silimin gɔli February 2025 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-07&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''

* The Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC) has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|a draft of their recommendations]] for the Wikimedia Foundation's Product and Technology department. They have recommended focusing on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|mobile experiences]], particularly contributions. They request community [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|feedback at the talk page]] by 21 February.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The &quot;Special pages&quot; portlet link will be moved from the &quot;Toolbox&quot; into the &quot;Navigation&quot; section of the main menu's sidebar by default. This change is because the Toolbox is intended for tools relating to the current page, not tools relating to the site, so the link will be more logically and consistently located. To modify this behavior and update CSS styling, administrators can follow the instructions at [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211]
* As part of this year's work around improving the ways readers discover content on the wikis, the Web team will be running an experiment with a small number of readers that displays some suggestions for related or interesting articles within the search bar. Please check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|the project page]] for more information.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template editors who use TemplateStyles can now customize output for users with specific accessibility needs by using accessibility related media queries (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]&lt;/code&gt;). Thanks to user Bawolff for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the global blocks log will now be shown directly on the {{#special:CentralAuth}} page, similarly to global locks, to simplify the workflows for stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Wikidata [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|now supports a special language as a &quot;default for all languages&quot;]] for labels and aliases. This is to avoid excessive duplication of the same information across many languages. If your Wikidata queries use labels, you may need to update them as some existing labels are getting removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511]
* The function &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;getDescription&lt;/code&gt; was invoked on every Wiki page read and accounts for ~2.5% of a page's total load time. The calculated value will now be cached, reducing load on Wikimedia servers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660]
* As part of the RESTBase deprecation [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|effort]], the &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;/page/related&lt;/code&gt; endpoint has been blocked as of February 6, 2025, and will be removed soon. This timeline was chosen to align with the deprecation schedules for older Android and iOS versions. The stable alternative is the &quot;&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;morelike&lt;/code&gt;&quot; action API in MediaWiki, and [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|a migration example]] is available. The MediaWiki Interfaces team [[phab:T376297|can be contacted]] for any questions. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/]

'''In depth'''

* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: Updates about the &quot;Contribute&quot; menu; details on some of the newest language editions of Wikipedia; details on new languages supported by the MediaWiki interface; updates on the Community-defined lists feature; and more. 
* The latest [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on the progress towards bringing better visibility into global charts usage and support for categorizing pages in the Data namespace on Commons.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W07&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:12, 11 Silimin gɔli February 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-08&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Communities using growth tools can now showcase one event on the &lt;code&gt;{{#special:Homepage}}&lt;/code&gt; for newcomers. This feature will help newcomers to be informed about editing activities they can participate in. Administrators can create a new event to showcase at &lt;code&gt;{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}&lt;/code&gt;. To learn more about this feature, please read [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|the Diff post]], have a look [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|at the documentation]], or contact [[mw:Talk:Growth|the Growth team]].

'''Updates for editors'''
[[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Highlighted talk pages improvements]]
* Starting next week, talk pages at these wikis – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}} – will get [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|a new design]]. This change was extensively tested as a Beta feature and is the last step of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|talk pages improvements]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102]
* You can now navigate to view a redirect page directly from its action pages, such as the history page. Previously, you were forced to first go to the redirect target. This change should help editors who work with redirects a lot. Thanks to user stjn for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324]
* When a Cite reference is reused many times, wikis currently show either numbers like &quot;1.23&quot; or localized alphabetic markers like &quot;a b c&quot; in the reference list. Previously, if there were so many reuses that the alphabetic markers were all used, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|an error message]] was displayed.  As part of the work to [[phab:T383036|modernize Cite customization]], these errors will no longer be shown and instead the backlinks will fall back to showing numeric markers like &quot;1.23&quot; once the alphabetic markers are all used.
* The log entries for each change to an editor's user-groups are now clearer by specifying exactly what has changed, instead of the plain before and after listings. Translators can [[phab:T369466|help to update the localized versions]]. Thanks to user Msz2001 for these improvements.
* A new filter has been added to the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool, which allows administrators to mass delete pages, to enable users to filter for pages in a range of page sizes (in bytes). This allows, for example, deleting pages only of a certain size or below. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488]
* Non-administrators can now check which pages are able to be deleted using the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool. Thanks to user MolecularPilot for this and the previous improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed in the configuration for the AV1 video file format, which enables these files to play again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to most Wiktionaries over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyage to Parsoid Read Views last year. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640]
* Developers of tools that run on-wiki should note that &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.Uri&lt;/code&gt; is deprecated. Tools requiring &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.Uri&lt;/code&gt; must explicitly declare &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mediawiki.Uri&lt;/code&gt; as a ResourceLoader dependency, and should migrate to the browser native &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;URL&lt;/code&gt; API soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W08&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:17, 17 Silimin gɔli February 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-09&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Administrators can now customize how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|Babel feature]] creates categories using [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. They can rename language categories, choose whether they should be auto-created, and adjust other settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348]
* The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]&lt;/bdi&gt; portal has been updated – and is receiving some ongoing improvements – to modernize and improve the accessibility of our portal pages. It now has better support for mobile layouts, updated wording and links, and better language support. Additionally, all of the Wikimedia project portals, such as &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]&lt;/bdi&gt;, now support dark mode when a reader is using that system setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33965|Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:sat:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that prevented clicking on search results in the web-interface for some Firefox for Android phone configurations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The next Language Community Meeting is happening soon, February 28th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: highlights and technical updates on keyboard and tools for the Sámi languages, Translatewiki.net contributions from the Bahasa Lampung community in Indonesia, and technical Q&amp;A. If you'd like to join, simply [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|sign up on the wiki page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W09&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:41, 25 Silimin gɔli February 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-10&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* All logged-in editors using the mobile view can now edit a full page. The &quot;{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}&quot; link is accessible from the &quot;{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}&quot; menu in the toolbar. This was previously only available to editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|Advanced mobile contributions]] setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180]
* Interface administrators can now help to remove the deprecated Cite CSS code matching &quot;&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;mw-ref&lt;/code&gt;&quot; from their local &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. The list of wikis in need of cleanup, and the code to remove, [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&amp;regex=1&amp;namespaces=8&amp;title=.*css can be found with this global search] and in [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&amp;oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 this example], and you can learn more about how to help on the [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|CSS migration project page]]. The Cite footnote markers (&quot;&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/code&gt;&quot;) are now rendered by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]], and the deprecated CSS is no longer needed. The CSS for backlinks (&quot;&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;mw:referencedBy&lt;/code&gt;&quot;) should remain in place for now. This cleanup is expected to cause no visible changes for readers. Please help to remove this code before March 20, after which the development team will do it for you.
* When editors embed a file (e.g. &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[File:MediaWiki.png]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;) on a page that is protected with cascading protection, the software will no longer restrict edits to the file description page, only to new file uploads.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] In contrast, transcluding a file description page (e.g. &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;) will now restrict edits to the page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109]
* When editors revert a file to an earlier version it will now require the same permissions as ordinarily uploading a new version of the file. The software now checks for 'reupload' or 'reupload-own' rights,[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] and respects cascading protection.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010]
* When administrators are listing pages for deletion with the Nuke tool, they can now also list associated talk pages and redirects for deletion, alongside pages created by the target, rather than needing to manually delete these pages afterwards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|previously noted]] update to Single User Login, which will accommodate browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies by moving login and account creation to a central domain, will now roll out to all users during March and April. The team plans to enable it for all new account creation on [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] wikis this week. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and an updated timeline.
* Since last week there has been a bug that shows some interface icons as black squares until the page has fully loaded. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q2044560|Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|&lt;code&gt;w:syl:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed with loading images in very old versions of the Firefox browser on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W10&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:31, 4 Silimin gɔli March 2025 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2025 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue II, February 2025&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Celebrating the English Wikipedia’s Birthday in Albania!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Belgium Public Domain Day and Dance Heritage
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki and COP30 in the Amazon rainforest
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: GLAM digital and seminar on Jewish life 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: GLAM call and Progetto cultura
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: [GLAM metrics] Usage of Delpher in Dutch Wikipedia articles
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Wikipedia podcast episode, Trilepidea newsletter article, and the Wikipedian at Large 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD GLAM program for 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Islamic and Jewish history
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: GLAM news from Ukraine – events for libraries, #1Lib1Ref, launch of a larger GLAM product 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: February meetings
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group February monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Connecting Media Art Archives
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: 5.1 million image views
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Wikidata event: Data Reuse Days 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Wikisource report|Wikisource report]]: Wikisource Conference 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report|Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report]]: Wikimedia + Libraries International Convention 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 16:51, 10 Silimin gɔli March 2025 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=28357408 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-11&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Editors who use password managers at multiple wikis may notice changes in the future. The way that our wikis provide information to password managers about reusing passwords across domains has recently been updated, so some password managers might now offer you login credentials that you saved for a different Wikimedia site. Some password managers already did this, and are now doing it for more Wikimedia domains. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3 project]] which aims to improve how our unified login works, and to keep it compatible with ongoing changes to the web-browsers we use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844]
* The Wikipedia Apps Team is inviting interested users to help improve Wikipedia’s offline and limited internet use. After discussions in [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] and the last [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|ESEAP call]], key challenges like search, editing, and offline access are being explored, with upcoming focus groups to dive deeper into these topics. All languages are welcome, and interpretation will be available. Want to share your thoughts? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline &amp; Limited Internet Use|Join the discussion]] or email &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;aramadan@wikimedia.org&lt;/bdi&gt;!
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 19. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the launch of the Community Updates module, the most recent changes in Community Configuration, and the upcoming test of in-article suggestions for first-time editors.
* An old API that was previously used in the Android Wikipedia app is being removed at the end of March. There are no current software uses, but users of the app with a version that is older than 6 months by the time of removal (2025-03-31), will no longer have access to the Suggested Edits feature, until they update their app. You can [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|read more details about this change]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W11&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:09, 10 Silimin gɔli March 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-12&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Twice a year, around the equinoxes, the Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team performs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|a datacenter server switchover]], redirecting all traffic from one primary server to its backup. This provides reliability in case of a crisis, as we can always fall back on the other datacenter. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Thanks to the Listen to Wikipedia] tool, you can hear the switchover take place: Before it begins, you'll hear the steady stream of edits; Then, as the system enters a brief read-only phase, the sound stops for a couple of minutes, before resuming after the switchover. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. If you want to keep an ear out for the next server switchover, listen to the wikis on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 March 19 at 14:00 UTC].

'''Updates for editors'''

* The [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en&amp;to=es improved Content Translation tool dashboard] is now available in [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedias]] and will be available for all Wikipedias [[phab:T387821|soon]]. With [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|the unified dashboard]], desktop users can now: Translate new sections of an article; Discover and access topic-based [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en&amp;to=ig&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits article suggestion filters] (initially available only for mobile device users); Discover and access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based &amp; Community-defined lists|Community-defined lists]] filter, also known as &quot;Collections&quot;, from wiki-projects and campaigns.
* On Wikimedia Commons, a [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|new system to select the appropriate file categories]] has been introduced: if a category has one or more subcategories, users will be able to click on an arrow that will open the subcategories directly within the form, and choose the correct one. The parent category name will always be shown on top, and it will always be possible to come back to it. This should decrease the amount of work for volunteers in fixing/creating new categories. The change is also available on mobile. These changes are part of planned improvements to the UploadWizard.
* The Community Tech team is seeking wikis to join a pilot for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] feature and a refreshed Special:Block page in late March. Multiblocks enables administrators to impose multiple different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. If you are an admin or steward and would like us to discuss joining the pilot with your community, please leave a message on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|project talk page]].
* Starting March 25, the Editing team will test a new feature for Edit Check at [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedias]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]]. Half of the newcomers on these wikis will see all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Checks]] during their edit session, while the other half will continue seeing only one. The goal of this test is to see if users are confused or discouraged when shown multiple Reference Checks (when relevant) within a single editing session. At these wikis, the tags used on edits that show References Check will be simplified, as multiple tags could be shown within a single edit. Changes to the tags are documented [[phab:T373949|on Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], which is a service for notifying users that their temporary user-rights are about to expire, now supports using the localized name of the user-rights group in the message heading. Translators can see the [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|listing of existing translations and documentation]] to check if their language needs updating or creation.
* The [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]] gender setting, which is used for how the software should refer to you in interface messages, now works as expected by overriding the local defaults. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Wikipedia App for Android had a bug fixed for when a user is browsing and searching in multiple languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Later this week, the way that Codex styles are loaded will be changing. There is a small risk that this may result in unstyled interface message boxes on certain pages. User generated content (e.g. templates) is not impacted. Gadgets may be impacted. If you see any issues [[phab:T388847|please report them]]. See the linked task for details, screenshots, and documentation on how to fix any affected gadgets.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W12&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:48, 17 Silimin gɔli March 2025 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28412594 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-13&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking your feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|drafts of the objectives and key results that will shape the Foundation's Product and Technology priorities]] for the next fiscal year (starting in July). The objectives are broad high-level areas, and the key-results are measurable ways to track the success of their objectives. Please share your feedback on the talkpage, in any language, ideally before the end of April.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] will be released to multiple wikis (see [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|deployment plan]] for details) in April 2025, and the team has begun the process of engaging communities on the identified wikis. The extension provides tools to organize, manage, and promote collaborative activities (like events, edit-a-thons, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. The extension has three tools: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation Lists]]. It is currently on 13 Wikipedias, including English Wikipedia, French Wikipedia, and Spanish Wikipedia, as well as Wikidata. Questions or requests can be directed to the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|extension talk page]] or in Phabricator (with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;#campaigns-product-team&lt;/bdi&gt; tag).
* Starting the week of March 31st, wikis will be able to set which user groups can view private registrants in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], as part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension. By default, event organizers and the local wiki admins will be able to see private registrants. This is a change from the current behavior, in which only event organizers can see private registrants. Wikis can change the default setup by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requesting a configuration change]] in Phabricator (and adding the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;#campaigns-product-team&lt;/bdi&gt; tag). Participants of past events can cancel their registration at any time.
* Administrators at wikis that have a customized &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]&lt;/bdi&gt; should check that it contains an entry for the {{int:specialpages}} listing. If it does not, they should add it using &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;* specialpages-url|specialpages&lt;/code&gt;. Wikis with a default sidebar will see the link moved from the page toolbox into the sidebar menu in April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927]
* The Minerva skin (mobile web) combines both Notice and Alert notifications within the bell icon ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). There was a long-standing bug where an indication for new notifications was only shown if you had unseen Alerts. This bug is now fixed. In the future, Minerva users will notice a counter atop the bell icon when you have 1 or more unseen Notices and/or Alerts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* VisualEditor has introduced a [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|new client-side hook]] for developers to use when integrating with the VisualEditor target lifecycle. This hook should replace the existing lifecycle-related hooks, and be more consistent between different platforms. In addition, the new hook will apply to uses of VisualEditor outside of just full article editing, allowing gadgets to interact with the editor in DiscussionTools as well. The Editing Team intends to deprecate and eventually remove the old lifecycle hooks, so any use cases that this new hook does not cover would be of interest to them and can be [[phab:T355555|shared in the task]].
* Developers who use the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.Api&lt;/code&gt; JavaScript library, can now identify the tool using it with the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;userAgent&lt;/code&gt; parameter: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );&lt;/code&gt;. If you maintain a gadget or user script, please set a user agent, because it helps with library and server maintenance and with differentiating between legitimate and illegitimate traffic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W13&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:43, 24 Silimin gɔli March 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-14&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Editing team is working on a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. This check's goal is to identify non-neutral terms while a user is editing a wikipage, so that they can be informed that their edit should perhaps be changed before they publish it. This project is at the early stages, and the team is looking for communities' input: [[phab:T389445|in this Phabricator task]], they are gathering on-wiki policies, templates used to tag non-neutral articles, and the terms (jargon and keywords) used in edit summaries for the languages they are currently researching. You can participate by editing the table on Phabricator, commenting on the task, or directly messaging [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] has now been updated on all wikis to move login and account creation to a central domain. This makes user login compatible with browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies, which have prevented users of some browsers from staying logged in.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting on March 31st, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin a limited release of generated OpenAPI specs and a SwaggerUI-based sandbox experience for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST APIs]]. They invite developers from a limited group of non-English Wikipedia communities (Arabic, German, French, Hebrew, Interlingua, Dutch, Chinese) to review the documentation and experiment with the sandbox in their preferred language. In addition to these specific Wikipedia projects, the sandbox and OpenAPI spec will be available on the [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|on the test wiki REST Sandbox special page]] for developers with English as their preferred language. During the preview period, the MediaWiki Interfaces Team also invites developers to [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|share feedback about your experience]]. The preview will last for approximately 2 weeks, after which the sandbox and OpenAPI specs will be made available across all wiki projects.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Sometimes a small, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|one line code change]] can have great significance: in this case, it means that for the first time in years we're able to run all of the stack serving &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]&lt;/bdi&gt; - a host dedicated to serving our wikis and their multi-lingual maps needs - from a single core datacenter, something we test every time we perform a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter switchover]]. This is important because it means that in case one of our datacenters is affected by a catastrophe, we'll still be able to serve the site. This change is the result of [[phab:T216826|extensive work]] by two developers on porting the last component of the maps stack over to [[w:en:Kubernetes|kubernetes]], where we can allocate resources more efficiently than before, thus we're able to withstand more traffic in a single datacenter. This work involved a lot of complicated steps because this software, and the software libraries it uses, required many long overdue upgrades. This type of work makes the Wikimedia infrastructure more sustainable.

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025]] is happening in Sandusky, USA, and online, from 14–16 May 2025. The workshop will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. Registration and presentation signup is now available at the workshop's website.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W14&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:05, 1 Silimin gɔli April 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-15&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* From now on, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface admins]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|centralnotice admins]] are technically required to enable [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] before they can use their privileges. In the future this might be expanded to more groups with advanced user-rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The Design System Team is preparing to release the next major version of Codex (v2.0.0) on April 29. Editors and developers who use CSS from Codex should see the [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|2.0 overview documentation]], which includes guidance related to a few of the breaking changes such as &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;font-size&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;line-height&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;size-icon&lt;/code&gt;.
* The results of the [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Developer Satisfaction Survey (2025)]]  are now available. Thank you to all participants. These results help the Foundation decide what to work on next and to review what they recently worked on.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]] will take place in Istanbul, Turkey, between 2–4 May. Registration for attending the in-person event will close on 13 April. Before registering, please note the potential need for a [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] or [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] to enter the country.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W15&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:53, 7 Silimin gɔli April 2025 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2025 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue III, March 2025&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: WikiGap in Albania 2025, and essential initiatives for free knowledge
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Archives and Human Rights activities
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: International Women's Day, Wikipedia officially recognised as Digital Public Good and invitation for the General Assembly
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Every Book Its Reader is coming
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: New Horizons of Czech GLAM Partnerships in 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/France report|France report]]: Archivist Forum 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Ten winners of Wikimedia Italia 2025 GLAM call
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: International Womensday; New Wikimedian in Residence at Maastricht University
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: What's on at Auckland Museum, and International Women's Day at University of Otago 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: GLAM in Africa, a Nigerian narrative in knowledge decolonization a case study of Benin City
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Switzerland report
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Gold in Bengali and Diversity in Arabic
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Women's History month
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group March monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Manuscripts of Mali
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: Creating an OpenRefine Wikimedia Group
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 09:01, 9 Silimin gɔli April 2025 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-16&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Later this week, the default thumbnail size will be increased from 220px to 250px. This changes how pages are shown in all wikis and has been requested by some communities for many years, but wasn't previously possible due to technical limitations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914]
* File thumbnails are now stored in discrete sizes. If a page specifies a thumbnail size that's not among the standard sizes (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 330, 500, 960), then MediaWiki will pick the closest larger thumbnail size but will tell the browser to downscale it to the requested size. In these cases, nothing will change visually but users might load slightly larger images. If it doesn't matter which thumbnail size is used in a page, please pick one of the standard sizes to avoid the extra in-browser down-scaling step. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation are working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] which will enable [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[:w:en:Denial-of-service attack|Distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is so that they can more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for.
* To improve security for users, a small percentage of logins will now require that the account owner input a one-time password [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|emailed to their account]]. It is recommended that you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|check]] that the email address on your account is set correctly, and that it has been confirmed, and that you have an email set for this purpose. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662]
* &quot;Are you interested in taking a short survey to improve tools used for reviewing or reverting edits on your Wiki?&quot; This question will be [[phab:T389401|asked at 7 wikis starting next week]], on Recent Changes and Watchlist pages. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools team]] wants to know more about activities that involve looking at new edits made to your Wikimedia project, and determining whether they adhere to your project's policies.
* On April 15, the full Wikidata graph will no longer be supported on &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]&lt;/bdi&gt;. After this date, scholarly articles will be available through &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]&lt;/bdi&gt;, while the rest of the data hosted on Wikidata will be available through the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]&lt;/bdi&gt; endpoint. This is part of the scheduled split of the Wikidata Graph, which was [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|announced in September 2024]]. More information is [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|available on Wikidata]].
* The latest quarterly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Wikimedia Apps Newsletter]] is now available. It covers updates, experiments, and improvements made to the Wikipedia mobile apps.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: an invitation for tool maintainers to attend the Toolforge UI Community Feedback Session on April 15th; recent community metrics; and recent technical blog posts.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W16&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:24, 15 Silimin gɔli April 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-17&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] is now integrated with [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Dagbani Wikipedia]] since April 15. It is the first project that will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16]
* A new type of lint error has been created: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|documentation]]). The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Linter extension]]'s purpose is to identify wikitext patterns that must or can be fixed in pages and provide some guidance about what the problems are with those patterns and how to fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Following its publication on HuggingFace, the &quot;Structured Contents&quot; dataset, developed by Wikimedia Enterprise, is [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ now also available on Kaggle]. This Beta initiative is focused on making Wikimedia data more machine-readable for high-volume reusers. They are releasing this beta version in a location that open dataset communities already use, in order to seek feedback, to help improve the product for a future wider release. You can read more about the overall [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets Structured Contents project], and about the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ first release that's freely usable].
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''Meetings and events'''
* The Editing and Machine Learning Teams invite interested volunteers to a video meeting to discuss [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]], which is the latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] that will detect &quot;peacock&quot; or &quot;overly-promotional&quot; or &quot;non-neutral&quot; language whilst an editor is typing. Editors who work with newcomers, or help to fix this kind of writing, or are interested in how we use artificial intelligence in our projects are encouraged to attend. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|meeting will be on April 28, 2025]] at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18:00–19:00 UTC] and hosted on Zoom.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W17&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:00, 21 Silimin gɔli April 2025 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28578245 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-18&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Event organizers who host collaborative activities on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|multiple wikis]], including Bengali, Japanese, and Korean Wikipedias, will have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] this week. Also, admins in the Wikipedia where the extension is enabled will automatically be granted the event organizer right soon. They won't have to manually grant themselves the right before they can manage events as [[phab:T386861|requested by a community]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The release of the next major version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, is scheduled for 29 April 2025. Technical editors will have access to the release by the week of 5 May 2025. This update will include a number of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|breaking changes]] and minor [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|visual changes]]. Instructions on handling the breaking and visual changes are documented on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|this page]]. Pre-release testing is reported in [[phab:T386298|T386298]], with post-release issues tracked in [[phab:T392379|T392379]] and [[phab:T392390|T392390]].
* Users of [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will notice that the database views of &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ipblocks&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ipblocks_ipindex&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ipblocks_compat&lt;/code&gt; are [[phab:T390767|now deprecated]]. Users can query the &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]&lt;/code&gt; new views that mirror the new tables in the production database instead. The deprecated views will be removed entirely from Wiki Replicas in June, 2025.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes an overview of the improved [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;campaign=contributionsmenu&amp;to=es&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en#/ Content Translation Dashboard Tool], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|support for new languages]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|highlights from the Wiki Loves Ramadan campaign]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|results from the Language Onboarding Experiment]], an analysis of topic diversity in articles, and information on upcoming community meetings and events.

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 April 29 at 14:30 UTC]. This edition will focus on &quot;Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects&quot;. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|register now]] to attend.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which brings the global technical community together to connect, brainstorm, and hack existing projects, will take place from May 2 to 4th, 2025, at Istanbul, Turkey.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W18&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:32, 28 Silimin gɔli April 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-19&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation has shared the latest draft update to their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|annual plan]] for next year (July 2025–June 2026). This includes an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|executive summary]] (also on [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), details about the three main [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|goals]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|budget]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|financial model]]. Feedback and questions are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|talk page]] until the end of May.

'''Updates for editors'''
* For wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]], two new feature improvements have been released:
** Admins can now choose which namespaces are permitted for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|documentation]]). The default setup is for event registration to be permitted in the Event namespace, but other namespaces (such as the project namespace or WikiProject namespace) can now be added. With this change, communities like WikiProjects can now more easily use Event Registration for their collaborative activities.
** Editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|transclude]] the Collaboration List on a wiki page ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|documentation]]). The Collaboration List is an automated list of events and WikiProjects on the wikis, accessed via {{#special:AllEvents}} ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|example]]). Now, the Collaboration List can be added to all sorts of wiki pages, such as: a wiki mainpage, a WikiProject page, an affiliate page, an event page, or even a user page.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Developers who use the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;moment&lt;/code&gt; library in gadgets and user scripts should revise their code to use alternatives like the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;Intl&lt;/code&gt; library or the new &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mediawiki.DateFormatter&lt;/code&gt; library. The &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;moment&lt;/code&gt; library has been deprecated and will begin to log messages in the developer console. You can see a global search for current uses, and [[phab:T392532|ask related questions in this Phabricator task]].
* Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikidata term store tables (&lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;wbt_*&lt;/code&gt;) need to update their code to connect to a separate database cluster. These tables are being split into a separate database cluster. Tools that query those tables via the wiki replicas must be adapted to connect to the new cluster instead. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Documentation and related links are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on preparing to expand the deployment to additional wikis as soon as this week (starting May 6) and scaling up over the following weeks, plus exploring filtering and transforming source data.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W19&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:14, 6 Silimin gɔli May 2025 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2025 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue IV, April 2025&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Event for International Roma Day 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Highlighting Feminist and women's histories and a Wiki Day at the South Australian Museum
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Catalan areas report|Catalan areas report]]: Campaign to document the 2025 Falla monuments in Valencia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Wikidata and Research
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Open Collection Highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Architecture, BHL, and the Commons Workflow
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Strengthening Cultural Heritage through Partnerships and Knowledge Sharing: Insights from World Heritage Day in Nigeria
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD's new GLAM collaborations and activities 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Scholarships and Call for Sessions Proposals for GLAM Wiki 2025 will open soon: Stay tuned!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: GLAM Highlights from Serbia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: FemNetzCon 2025; GLAM Meeting Biel/Bienne; Digi Archive
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Mapping Museums / Art in Arabic
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: April meetings
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group April monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Surging forward in Spanish and Arabic
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 20:53, 11 Silimin gɔli May 2025 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-20&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|&quot;Get shortened URL&quot;]] link on the sidebar now includes a [[phab:T393309|QR code]]. Wikimedia site users can now use it by scanning or downloading it to quickly share and access shared content from Wikimedia sites, conveniently.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation is working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]], which will enable [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[w:en:Denial-of-service attack|distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is to help more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. Tech News has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|previously written about this]]. The deployment will be gradual. Some might see the Edge Uniques cookie the week of 19 May. You can discuss this on the [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|talk page]].
* Starting May 19, 2025, Event organisers in wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled can use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] in the project namespace (e.g., Wikipedia namespace, Wikidata namespace). With this change, communities don't need admins to use the feature. However, wikis that don't want this change can remove and add the permitted namespaces at [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]].
* The Wikipedia project now has a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q36720|Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|&lt;code&gt;w:nup:&lt;/code&gt;]]). This is a language primarily spoken in the North Central region of Nigeria. Speakers of this language are invited to contribute to [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|new Wikipedia]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Developers can now access pre-parsed Dutch Wikipedia, amongst others (English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese) through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (beta)]. The content includes parsed Wikipedia abstracts, descriptions, main images, infoboxes, article sections, and references.
* The &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;/page/data-parsoid&lt;/code&gt; REST API endpoint is no longer in use and will be deprecated. It is [[phab:T393557|scheduled to be turned off]] on June 7, 2025.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration IPv6 support] is a newly introduced Cloud virtual network that significantly boosts Wikimedia platforms' scalability, security, and readiness for the future. If you are a technical contributor eager to learn more, check out [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ this blog post] for an in-depth look at the journey to IPv6.

'''Meetings and events'''
* The 2nd edition of 2025 of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]], a virtual platform for African Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 May 15 at 17:00 UTC]. This edition will focus on discussions regarding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|Wikimedia Annual planning and progress]].
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], a virtual meeting for [[w:en:Middle East and North Africa|MENA]] Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 May 17 at 17:00 UTC]. You can [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|register now]] to attend.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W20&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:38, 12 Silimin gɔli May 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-21&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Peacock language model for the following languages: Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and Japanese. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on May 23, which will be the start date of the test.

'''Updates for editors'''

* From May 20, 2025, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|oversighters]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|checkusers]] will need to have their accounts secured with two-factor authentication (2FA) to be able to use their advanced rights. All users who belong to these two groups and do not have 2FA enabled have been informed. In the future, this requirement may be extended to other users with advanced rights. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Learn more]].
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]]  [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] will begin mass deployment by the end of the month: all non-Wikipedia projects plus Catalan Wikipedia will adopt Multiblocks in the week of May 26, while all other Wikipedias will adopt it in the week of June 2. Please [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|contact the team]] if you have concerns. Administrators can test the new user interface now on your own wiki by browsing to [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], and can test the full multiblocks functionality [[testwiki:Special:Block|on testwiki]]. Multiblocks is the feature that makes it possible for administrators to impose different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|help page]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121]
* Later this week, the [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] listing of almost all special pages will be updated with a new design. This page has been [[phab:T219543|redesigned]] to improve the user experience in a few ways, including: The ability to search for names and aliases of the special pages, sorting, more visible marking of restricted special pages, and a more mobile-friendly look. The new version can be [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages previewed] at Beta Cluster now, and feedback shared in the task. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is being enabled on more wikis. For a detailed list of when the extension will be enabled on your wiki, please read the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|deployment timeline]].
* [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] will be deployed on May 27 on five Wiktionaries: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], and [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maldivian]]. This is the second batch of deployment planned for the project. After deployment, the projects will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in their pages. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template.
* Later this week, the Wikimedia Foundation will publish a hub for [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|experiments]]. This is to showcase and get user feedback on product experiments. The experiments help the Wikimedia movement [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|understand new users]], how they interact with the internet and how it could affect the Wikimedia movement. Some examples are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|generated video]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|Wikipedia Roblox speedrun game]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|the Discord bot]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with creating an account using the API, which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Gadgets and user scripts that interact with [[{{#special:Block}}]] may need to be updated to work with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|manage blocks interface]]. Please review the [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|developer guide]] for more information. If you need help or are unable to adapt your script to the new interface, please let the team know on the [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121]
* The &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.title&lt;/code&gt; object allows you to get information about a specific wiki page in the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Lua|Lua]] programming language. Starting this week, a new property will be added to the object, named &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;isDisambiguationPage&lt;/code&gt;. This property allows you to check if a page is a disambiguation page, without the need to write a custom function. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] User script developers can use a [[toolforge:gitlab-content|new reverse proxy tool]] to load javascript and css from [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] with &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.loader.load&lt;/code&gt;. The tool's author hopes this will enable collaborative development workflows for user scripts including linting, unit tests, code generation, and code review on &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;gitlab.wikimedia.org&lt;/bdi&gt; without a separate copy-and-paste step to publish scripts to a Wikimedia wiki for integration and acceptance testing. See [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content on Wikitech]] for more information.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The 12th edition of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], a forum that brings together researchers that explore all aspects of Wikimedia projects, will be held virtually on 21-22 May. Researchers can [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ register now].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W21&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:12, 19 Silimin gɔli May 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-22&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* A community-wide discussion about a very delicate issue for the development of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is now open on Meta: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. The discussion is open until June 12 at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], and every opinion is welcomed. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Since last week, on all wikis except [[phab:T388604|the largest 20]], people using the mobile visual editor will have [[phab:T385851|additional tools in the menu bar]], accessed using the new &lt;code&gt;+&lt;/code&gt; toolbar button. To start, the new menu will include options to add: citations, hieroglyphs, and code blocks. Deployment to the remaining wikis is [[phab:T388605|scheduled]] to happen in June.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]&lt;/code&gt; parser function will no longer register a link to its target page. This will improve the usefulness of [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], which will eventually only list pages that are the target of an actual red link. This change will happen gradually as the source pages are updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019]
* This week, the Moderator Tools team will launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], starting at Indonesian Wikipedia. This new filter highlights edits that are likely to be reverted. The goal is to help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic edits. Other wikis will benefit from this filter in the future.
* Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. Readers of Catalan, Hebrew, and Italian Wikipedias and some sister projects will receive the change between May 21 and mid-June. Readers of other wikis will receive the change later. The goal is to encourage users to read the wikis more. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]].
* Some users of the Wikipedia Android app can use a new feature for readers, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], a daily trivia game based on real historical events. The release has started as an A/B test, available to 50% of users in the following languages: English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Newsletter extension]] that is available on MediaWiki.org allows the creation of [[mw:Special:Newsletters|various newsletters]] for global users. The extension can now publish new issues as section links on an existing page, instead of requiring a new page for each issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The previously deprecated &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]&lt;/code&gt; views in [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will be removed in the beginning of June. Users are encouraged to query the new &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]&lt;/code&gt; views instead.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]] is a multi-day online event that will focus on how Wikidata is integrated to Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects. The event runs from May 29 – June 1. You can [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|read the Program schedule]] and [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|register]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W22&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:05, 26 Silimin gɔli May 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-23&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;_default&lt;/code&gt; key in the local &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]&lt;/bdi&gt; page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;action=login&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;action=clientlogin&lt;/code&gt; will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;action=login&lt;/code&gt; without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205]
* From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;async&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;await&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W23&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:55, 2 Silimin gɔli June 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-24&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716]
[[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]]
* The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] (&quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot;). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121]
* Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492]
* This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]].
* Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;pageImage&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;pageAssessments&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W24&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:17, 10 Silimin gɔli June 2025 (GMT)
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      <text bytes="774108" sha1="q6xt5sfyc5sopw5q2ns63m46lsnpli5" xml:space="preserve">N yuli n booni Alhassan Mohammed Awal

== Campaigns Product Update #1 ==
Hello Campaigns Newsletter recipients. We are ready to share our first updates: 

* '''We will be hosting our first Campaigns Product Office hour''' with the Product team on '''September 9, 2021 at 3 PM UTC''' (join us on Zoom: https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87427100681) . The Office hour will focus on the introduction of the Product team and its choice of of a first feature focused on Event Registration. For more information see: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Campaigns/Foundation_Programs_Team#Office_Hours
* '''We have published our first document about the first feature''': '''event registration'''.  You can find the document on Meta: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration . We provided first responses to initial feedback last week. If you responded before, consider reviewing the talk page and adding to the conversation. 
* '''We had several presentations at Wikimania:'''
** Ilana Fried presented the Campaign Product team as part of a larger conversation about Wikimedia Foundation Product Strategy. Campaigns product start at 18:12 time:[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57GzJ4GEvCQ&amp;t=1103s&amp;ab_channel=WikimediaFoundation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57GzJ4GEvCQ&amp;t=1103]
** Alex Stinson facilitated a session on the role of partners in International Campaigns:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OS1k8_6QWPY 

'''What is next?''' At the office hours, we will share our first version of the designs for the Registration feature, and be asking for feedback. Additionally we will be onboarding our engineering team who will be building the registration feature.

Please invite  other organizers to subscribe to this newsletter or to unsubscribe at: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers  

The Campaign Product Team
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== Campaigns Product Update #2 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! We are excited to share our updates:

*'''Request for Feedback''': We have shared our project principles, wireframes for the desktop version, and open questions for you about the team’s event registration project. See the latest status updates [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#Status_Updates '''here'''.]

:Wireframes are design tools that imagine the future interface of the software. We haven’t built anything yet. We need your feedback on these designs so that we can make better product decisions. You can give feedback on the talk page regarding the design and features of the wireframes. We would love to hear your comments to help us establish the next necessary steps for the project.

:[[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#Feedback_on_project_principles_&amp;_wireframes_(October_2021)|'''''Please share with us your feedback!''''']]

*'''Presentations''': The Campaign Product team participated in [[m:WikiArabia/2021|WikiArabia 2021]] and [[m:WikiConference North America/2021|WikiConference North America 2021]] to give a brief introduction on how the team works. Senior Program Strategist [[User:Astinson (WMF)|Alex Stinson]] gave an overview about campaigns and how we can scale the organizing experience within the Movement. Senior Product Manager [[User:IFried (WMF)|Ilana Fried]] gave an introduction about the Product Team and the project wireframes of the first campaign software solution: the on-wiki registration tool. View the recorded presentation [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AYknkmHGyI&amp;t=751s '''here'''.]

*'''Team update''': We have hired our first team engineer, [[User:JCarvalho (WMF)|JCarvalho]] and our campaign organizing fellow, [[User:IBrazal (WMF)|IBrazal]]. Newsletter updates will be done by [[User:IBrazal (WMF)|IBrazal]] and she will be coordinating with you! We hope to have the rest of the engineering team onboard soon! For those of who missed the last Campaign Office Hour, you may [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jT8fRUWjfI watch the recording] to know more about the Campaign Product Team.

'''What is next?'''

:'''Testers Needed'''! We will be partnering with [https://yux.design/ '''YUX'''], a design research agency, to learn how our team can improve the experience of Wikimedia campaign organizers and participants in Africa. For this reason, we are looking for community members who are willing to be part of the rapid testing sessions. Preferably, we want organizers and editors who have worked in an African context. If you would like to participate in testing, please email {{email|ibrazal-ctr|wikimedia.org}}.

:'''Upcoming Conferences'''. [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2021|'''Wiki Indaba 2021''']]. This year, the conference will be held virtually on November 5-7, 2021 with the theme &quot;'''''Rethink + Reset : Visions of the future'''''&quot;. Read more about the conference [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2021|here]] or [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2021/Registration Information| register]] to join the event. We will be presenting the registration features on Sunday November 7. 

:We will also be attending [[m:Wikimedia CEE Online Meeting 2021/Programme/Submissions/Building Organizer Tools for the Future of Campaigns|'''Wikimedia CEE Online Meeting 2021''']], which will be held virtually again this year on November 5-7, 2021.  We will be presenting the registration tool on November 6 as part of our communication and sharing process. 

:'''Translation Support'''. We are also beginning to translate the updates on Registration. If you think your language community would benefit from updates, please translate [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#Status_Updates|here]]. 


''Invite  other organizers to [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers| subscribe]] to this newsletter for updates!''


The Campaign Product Team
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Ŋun su:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:MediaWiki message delivery|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 16:26, 28 Silimin gɔli October 2021 (GMT)
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== Campaigns Product Update #3 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! 

We are excited to share our updates:

*'''Proposal to create new namespaces''': We have proposed to create two namespaces, which are “'''Event'''” and “'''Event talk'''.” This way, we can easily create an Event Center that pulls data from event pages. This Event Center may include tools to create event pages with registration support, a calendar of events, and event statistics, among other features. More importantly, the Event Center will highlight organizing as an essential part of the Wikimedia movement. Please give us feedback on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T296280 Phabricator] or [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration#Feedback_on_March_2022_update|Meta]] about our proposal to create two new namespaces.

*'''Engineering updates''': We are excited that we have finished hiring for our engineering team! Three engineers and an engineering manager have joined our team since our last update. In the last few months, they have conducted technical planning and launched the building phase of the project. They are now building the  registration tool. You can see the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|updated team on meta]].

*'''Design updates''': We conducted usability tests with a small group of testers for early feedback on the desktop wireframes. After collecting this feedback, we have developed a new version for desktop wireframes, which will be ready to share in the next few weeks. These desktop wireframes display the user flow of two experiences: one for organizers who want to add registration to their event pages, and another for participants who want to register for an event. Additionally, the design team is also currently working on the first version of mobile wireframes, which will be shared during the next office hour. 

::1. View the latest desktop wireframes in '''Figma''' for [https://www.figma.com/proto/h0iZo5Tj6LHpsFDsInWiG0/Pilot---Event-Registration?node-id=1899%3A44995&amp;scaling=min-zoom&amp;page-id=1472%3A36710&amp;starting-point-node-id=1899%3A44995&amp;show-proto-sidebar=1&amp;hide-ui=1 Campaign Organizer Prototype] and [https://www.figma.com/proto/h0iZo5Tj6LHpsFDsInWiG0/Pilot---Event-Registration?node-id=1998%3A49612&amp;scaling=min-zoom&amp;page-id=1472%3A36710&amp;starting-point-node-id=1998%3A49612&amp;show-proto-sidebar=1&amp;hide-ui=1 Participant Registration Prototype].
::2. [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration#Feedback_on_project_principles_&amp;_wireframes_(October_2021)|Leave us some feedback]] on the desktop wireframes. Note that we haven’t posted the newest version of the desktop wireframes on the project page yet, but we will soon (and you can feel free to add feedback on any version you have seen). 
 
*'''Ambassador updates''': Three product ambassadors for the Arabic, French and Swahili communities have now joined our team! They will help us collect feedback from Wikimedia communities about the project and understand the needs of organizers, through gathering first-hand information. These ambassadors are immersed as actual members of these communities, so they will also help us identify the needs of the organizers in our pilot communities. The ambassadors are: [[m:User:Bachounda (WMF)|'''M. Bachounda''']] for Arabic communities, [[m:User:Geugeor-WMF|'''Georges Fodouop''']] for French communities, and [[m:User:AMtavangu (WMF)|'''Antoni Mtavangu''']] for Swahili communities. 

'''What is next?'''
:'''Next Office Hour''': We will be holding an office hour on '''March 31, 2022''' at 15:00 UTC, which will be conducted via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/82046580320 '''Zoom''']. We invite everyone to attend, and we really hope to see you! The focus will be on the Registration Tool. The team will also be providing community updates on the usability test findings and design highlights for the wireframes. We will also share our current Project timeline and answer any questions you may have. [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 03|Join us and share your thoughts on these developments!]]

:In a few months, we are expecting to have the early testable version of the tool. By then, the team will be doing the first round of general testing and gathering feedback. We are looking forward to adding more features on the tool such as communication support, potentially by the end of this year. If you know other organizers that might be interested in following these developments, please recommend that they [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Subscribers|subscribe to the newsletter]]. We want to receive as much feedback as we can.

Thank you!


'''The Campaign Product Team'''
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Ŋun su:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:MediaWiki message delivery|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 17:26, 22 Silimin gɔli March 2022 (GMT)
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== Campaign Product Team Office Hour - March 31, 2022 ==

Hello '''Campaign Product Newsletter''' subscribers!

The Campaign Product Team will be hosting the next office hour  to share exciting updates on the Registration Tool and new proposed namespaces for events. We will also be sharing community updates on the usability tests and design highlights of the latest mobile and desktop wireframes. 

Join us and share your thoughts on these developments!

:Date: '''March 31, 2022'''
:Time: 15:00 UTC
:Zoom Link: https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/82046580320

You may also watch [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jT8fRUWjfI Campaigns Office Hour: Introducing the Campaigns Product Team] to learn more about the Team and the previous wireframes.

Feel free to send a message to '''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org''' if you want to receive an email reminder for this meeting.

Thank you.


'''The Campaign Product Team'''


[[Ŋun su:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:MediaWiki message delivery|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 17:37, 30 Silimin gɔli March 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-17&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
*  On [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/dblists/group1.dblist many wikis] (group 1), the software to play videos and audio files on pages has now changed. The old player has been removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-04-26|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]).
* Some very old browsers and operating systems are no longer supported. Some things on the wikis might look weird or not work in very old browsers like Internet Explorer 9 or 10, Android 4, or Firefox 38 or older. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306486]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W17&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

22:53, 25 Silimin gɔli April 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-18&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* On [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/dblists/group2.dblist all remaining wikis] (group 2), the software to play videos and audio files on pages has now changed. The old player has been removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* The developers are working on talk pages in the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS|Wikipedia app for iOS]]. You can [https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9GBcHczQGLbQWTY give feedback]. You can take the survey in English, German, Hebrew or Chinese.
* [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/VisualEditor_template_dialog_improvements#Status_and_next_steps|Most wikis]] will receive an [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/VisualEditor_template_dialog_improvements|improved template dialog]] in VisualEditor and New Wikitext mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T296759] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306967]
* If you use syntax highlighting while editing wikitext, you can soon activate a [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Improved_Color_Scheme_of_Syntax_Highlighting#Color-blind_mode|colorblind-friendly color scheme]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306867]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Several CSS IDs related to MediaWiki interface messages will be removed. Technical editors should please [[phab:T304363|review the list of IDs and links to their existing uses]]. These include &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;#mw-anon-edit-warning&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;#mw-undelete-revision&lt;/code&gt; and 3 others.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W18&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

19:31, 2 Silimin gɔli May 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-19&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* You can now see categories in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|Wikipedia app for Android]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73966]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, there was a problem with Wikidata's search autocomplete. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307586]
* Last week, all wikis had slow access or no access for 20 minutes, for logged-in users and non-cached pages. This was caused by a problem with a database change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307647]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T305217#7894966]
*  [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation#Current issues|Incompatibility issues]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] and the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]] will be fixed: Deployment is planned for May 10 on all wikis. Kartographer will then be enabled on the [[phab:T307348|five wikis which have not yet enabled the extension]] on May 24.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector (2022)]] skin will be set as the default on several more wikis, including Arabic and Catalan Wikipedias. Logged-in users will be able to switch back to the old Vector (2010). See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2022-04 for the largest wikis|latest update]] about Vector (2022).

'''Future meetings'''
* The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place on 17 May. The following meetings are currently planned for: 7 June, 21 June, 5 July, 19 July.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W19&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

15:20, 9 Silimin gɔli May 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-20&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* Some wikis can soon use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|add a link]] feature. This will start on Wednesday. The wikis are {{int:project-localized-name-cawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-svwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}. This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304542]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2022|Wikimedia Hackathon 2022]] will take place online on May 20–22. It will be in English. There are also local [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2022/Meetups|hackathon meetups]] in Germany, Ghana, Greece, India, Nigeria and the United States. Technically interested Wikimedians can work on software projects and learn new skills. You can also host a session or post a project you want to work on.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* You can soon edit translatable pages in the visual editor. Translatable pages exist on for examples Meta and Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/05/12/mediawiki-1-38-brings-support-for-editing-translatable-pages-with-the-visual-editor/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W20&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

18:56, 16 Silimin gɔli May 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-21&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Administrators using the mobile web interface can now access Special:Block directly from user pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307341]
* The &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wiktionary.org/ www.wiktionary.org]&lt;/span&gt; portal page now uses an automated update system. Other [[m:Project_portals|project portals]] will be updated over the next few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304629]

'''Problems'''
* The Growth team maintains a mentorship program for newcomers. Previously, newcomers weren't able to opt out from the program. Starting May 19, 2022, newcomers are able to fully opt out from Growth mentorship, in case they do not wish to have any mentor at all. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287915]
* Some editors cannot access the content translation tool if they load it by clicking from the contributions menu. This problem is being worked on. It should still work properly if accessed directly via Special:ContentTranslation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308802]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and user scripts developers are invited to give feedback on a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Extension:Gadget/Policy|proposed technical policy]] aiming to improve support from MediaWiki developers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308686]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W21&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

00:21, 24 Silimin gɔli May 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-22&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]]  In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] extension, an &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ip_in_ranges()&lt;/code&gt; function has been introduced to check if an IP is in any of the ranges. Wikis are advised to combine multiple &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ip_in_range()&lt;/code&gt; expressions joined by &lt;code&gt;|&lt;/code&gt; into a single expression for better performance. You can use the search function on [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]] to locate its usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T305017]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature|IP Info feature]] which helps abuse fighters access information about IPs, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature#May 24, 2022|has been deployed]] to all wikis as a beta feature. This comes after weeks of beta testing on test.wikipedia.org.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-05-31|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New topic tool|New Topic Tool]] will be deployed for all editors at most wikis soon. You will be able to opt out from within the tool and in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Preferences]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/New_discussion][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287804]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]]  The [[:mw:Special:ApiHelp/query+usercontribs|list=usercontribs API]] will support fetching contributions from an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Range blocks#Non-technical explanation|IP range]] soon. API users can set the &lt;code&gt;uciprange&lt;/code&gt; parameter to get contributions from any IP range within [[:mw:Manual:$wgRangeContributionsCIDRLimit|the limit]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T177150]
* A new parser function will be introduced: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{=}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. It will replace existing templates named &quot;=&quot;. It will insert an [[w:en:Equals sign|equal sign]]. This can be used to escape the equal sign in the parameter values of templates. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T91154]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W22&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

20:28, 30 Silimin gɔli May 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-23&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;str_replace_regexp()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; function can be used in [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]] to replace parts of text using a [[w:en:Regular expression|regular expression]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285468]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W23&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

02:46, 7 Silimin gɔli June 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-24&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* All wikis can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps. Kartographer maps now also work on pages with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Pending changes|pending changes]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation#Project_descriptions][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307348]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-06-14|en}} at 06:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T300471]
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-abwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-acewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-adywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-akwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-alswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-amwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-anwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-angwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-arcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-arzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-astwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-atjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-avwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-aywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-azbwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304548]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New topic tool|New Topic Tool]] will be deployed for all editors at Commons, Wikidata, and some other wikis soon. You will be able to opt out from within the tool and in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Preferences]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/New_discussion][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287804]

'''Future meetings'''
* The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place today (13 June). The following meetings will take place on: 28 June, 12 July, 26 July.

'''Future changes'''
* By the end of July, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022]] skin should be ready to become the default across all wikis. Discussions on how to adjust it to the communities' needs will begin in the next weeks. It will always be possible to revert to the previous version on an individual basis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2022-04 for the largest wikis|Learn more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W24&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

16:59, 13 Silimin gɔli June 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-25&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|Wikipedia App for Android]] now has an option for editing the whole page at once, located in the overflow menu (three-dots menu [[File:Ic more vert 36px.svg|15px|link=|alt=]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T103622]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some recent database changes may affect queries using the [[m:Research:Quarry|Quarry tool]]. Queries for &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;site_stats&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; at English Wikipedia, Commons, and Wikidata will need to be updated. [[phab:T306589|Read more]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;user_global_editcount&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; variable can be used in [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]] to avoid affecting globally active users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T130439]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Users of non-responsive skins (e.g. MonoBook or Vector) on mobile devices may notice a slight change in the default zoom level. This is intended to optimize zooming and ensure all interface elements are present on the page (for example the table of contents on Vector 2022). In the unlikely event this causes any problems with how you use the site, we'd love to understand better, please ping &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Jon (WMF)|Jon (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt; to any on-wiki conversations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306910]

'''Future changes'''
* The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout July.  Discussions will look different.  You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Parsoid's HTML output will soon stop annotating file links with different &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;typeof&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute values, and instead use &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw:File&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for all types. Tool authors should adjust any code that expects: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw:Image&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw:Audio&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw:Video&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273505]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W25&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

20:18, 20 Silimin gɔli June 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-26&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] API service now has self-service accounts with free on-demand requests and monthly snapshots ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/ API documentation]). Community access [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#community-access|via database dumps &amp; Wikimedia Cloud Services]] continues.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wiktionary#lua|All Wikimedia wikis can now use Wikidata Lexemes in Lua]] after creating local modules and templates. Discussions are welcome [[d:Wikidata_talk:Lexicographical_data#You_can_now_reuse_Wikidata_Lexemes_on_all_wikis|on the project talk page]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-06-28|en}} at 06:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311033]
*  Some global and cross-wiki services will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-06-30|en}} at 06:00 UTC. This will impact ContentTranslation, Echo, StructuredDiscussions, Growth experiments and a few more services. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T300472]
* Users will be able to sort columns within sortable tables in the mobile skin. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T233340]

'''Future meetings'''
* The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place tomorrow (28 June). The following meetings will take place on 12 July and 26 July.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W26&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

20:03, 27 Silimin gɔli June 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-27&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W27&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-07-05|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-07-07|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]).
* The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout July.  Discussions will look different.  You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] This change only affects pages in the main namespace in Wikisource. The Javascript config variable &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;proofreadpage_source_href&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will be removed from &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/JavaScript#mw.config|mw.config]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and be replaced with the variable &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;prpSourceIndexPage&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;.  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309490]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W27&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

19:32, 4 Silimin gɔli July 2022 (GMT)
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== Thanks for organizing Feminism and Folklore ==

Dear Organiser/Jury

Thank you so much for your enormous contribution during the [[:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] writing competition. We appreciate your time and efforts throughout the competition to bridge cultural and gender gap on Wikipedia. We are sending you a special postcard as a token of our appreciation and gratitude. Please fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeZ5eNggLMULDNupu4LFuTIcDmEyCIRh0QLhElkhkZvAmg0wQ/viewform this form] by July 20th 2022 to receive a postcard from us. We look forward to seeing you in 2023 next year.

Stay safe!

Gaurav Gaikwad.

International Team

Feminism and Folklore 
[[Ŋun su:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:MediaWiki message delivery|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 13:50, 10 Silimin gɔli July 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-28&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W28&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/28|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022 skin]], the page title is now displayed above the tabs such as Discussion, Read, Edit, View history, or More. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates#Page title/tabs switch|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T303549]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] It is now possible to easily view most of the configuration settings that apply to just one wiki, and to compare settings between two wikis if those settings are different. For example: [https://noc.wikimedia.org/wiki.php?wiki=jawiktionary Japanese Wiktionary settings], or [https://noc.wikimedia.org/wiki.php?wiki=eswiki&amp;compare=eowiki settings that are different between the Spanish and Esperanto Wikipedias]. Local communities may want to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting_wiki_configuration_changes|discuss and propose changes]] to their local settings. Details about each of the named settings can be found by [[mw:Special:Search|searching MediaWiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308932]
*The Anti-Harassment Tools team [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature#May|recently deployed]] the IP Info Feature as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature at all wikis]]. This feature allows abuse fighters to access information about IP addresses. Please check our update on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature#April|how to find and use the tool]]. Please share your feedback using a link you will be given within the tool itself.

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-07-12|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]).

'''Future changes'''
* The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout July.  Discussions will look different.  You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/28|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W28&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

19:25, 11 Silimin gɔli July 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 7&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 7, July-September 2022'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7|'''Read the full newsletter''']]&lt;/span&gt; 
----
Welcome to the 7th issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News! The newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the implementation of Wikimedia's [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives|Movement Strategy recommendations]], other relevant topics regarding Movement governance, as well as different projects and activities supported by the Movement Strategy and Governance (MSG) team of the Wikimedia Foundation.  

The MSG Newsletter is delivered quarterly, while the more frequent [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Updates|Movement Strategy Weekly]] will be delivered weekly. Please remember to subscribe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive future issues of this newsletter.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt; 

* '''Movement sustainability''': Wikimedia Foundation's annual sustainability report has been published. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A1|continue reading]])
* '''Improving user experience''': recent improvements on the desktop interface for Wikimedia projects. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A2|continue reading]])
* '''Safety and inclusion''': updates on the revision process of the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A3|continue reading]])
* '''Equity in decisionmaking''': reports from Hubs pilots conversations, recent progress from the Movement Charter Drafting Committee, and a new white paper for futures of participation in the Wikimedia movement. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A4|continue reading]])
* '''Stakeholders coordination''': launch of a helpdesk for Affiliates and volunteer communities working on content partnership. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A5|continue reading]])
* '''Leadership development''': updates on leadership projects by Wikimedia movement organizers in Brazil and Cape Verde. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A6|continue reading]])
* '''Internal knowledge management''': launch of a new portal for technical documentation and community resources. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A7|continue reading]])
* '''Innovate in free knowledge''': high-quality audiovisual resources for scientific experiments and a new toolkit to record oral transcripts. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A8|continue reading]])
* '''Evaluate, iterate, and adapt''': results from the Equity Landscape project pilot ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A9|continue reading]])
* '''Other news and updates''': a new forum to discuss Movement Strategy implementation, upcoming Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election, a new podcast to discuss Movement Strategy, and change of personnel for the Foundation's Movement Strategy and Governance team. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A10|continue reading]])
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 01:39, 18 Silimin gɔli July 2022 (GMT)
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== Event Registration Tool: Demo and Invitation to Test ==

Hello Subscribers!

[[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''The Campaigns Product  Team''']] from the Wikimedia Foundation will be hosting two office hours to  demo the new [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']], and train organizers how to  use it. In these office hours, you will learn how to:

* Create an event page in the new event namespace (as an event organizer)

* Enable registration on your event page (as an event organizer)

* Collect data on who registered for your event (as an event organizer)

* Register for an event on the event page (as an event participant)

You can attend one office hour or both, depending on your availability on the following dates:

* Session 1: '''Thursday, July 21, 2022 at 5:00 PM UTC'''

* Session 2: '''Saturday, July 23, 2022 at 12:00 PM UTC'''

These events will be multilingual, with live interpretations in '''Arabic''', '''English''', '''French''', '''Italian''', and '''Portuguese''', and '''Swahili'''. Note that Portuguese will be available on the 21st, but not the 23rd. We strongly encourage you to join and share your feedback on the tool. Your feedback will help us improve the tool so that Wikimedians can have a better event experience. To register, please reply to this email or [[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 07|'''''sign-up to our page''''']], by adding your signature.

Thank you!

&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Ŋun su:IBrazal (WMF)|IBrazal (WMF)]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:IBrazal (WMF)|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 06:17, 18 Silimin gɔli July 2022 (GMT)

:I am interested to join. Kindly share the meeting link when it's ready. 
:Thank you
:[[Ŋun su:Alhassan Mohammed Awal|Alhassan Mohammed Awal]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:Alhassan Mohammed Awal|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 07:10, 18 Silimin gɔli July 2022 (GMT)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-29&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W29&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* The feature on mobile web for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:NearbyPages|Nearby Pages]] was missing last week. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312864]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* The [[mw:Technical_decision_making/Forum|Technical Decision Forum]] is seeking [[mw:Technical_decision_making/Community_representation|community representatives]]. You can apply on wiki or by emailing &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;TDFSupport@wikimedia.org&lt;/span&gt; before 12 August.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W29&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

23:00, 18 Silimin gɔli July 2022 (GMT)
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== Campaign Product Team Office Hour - July 21, 2022 ==

Hello '''Campaign Product Newsletter''' subscribers!


The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''Campaign Product Team''']] will be having an office hour today, '''July 21, 2022 at 17:00 UTC''' via '''Zoom''' to demo the first release of the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']].

You may join the office hour using this [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/83538569035 '''meeting link''']. 

We look forward to your participation. 

Thank you.


Best,

The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''Campaign Product Team''']]

[[Ŋun su:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:MediaWiki message delivery|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 14:46, 21 Silimin gɔli July 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-30&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W30&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikibooks.org/ www.wikibooks.org]&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikiquote.org/ www.wikiquote.org]&lt;/span&gt; portal pages now use an automated update system. Other [[m:Project_portals|project portals]] will be updated over the next few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273179]

'''Problems'''
*  Last week, some wikis were in read-only mode for a few minutes because of an emergency switch of their main database ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313383]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The external link icon will change slightly in the skins Vector legacy and Vector 2022. The new icon uses simpler shapes to be more recognizable on low-fidelity screens. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T261391]
* Administrators will now see buttons on user pages for &quot;{{int:changeblockip}}&quot; and &quot;{{int:unblockip}}&quot; instead of just &quot;{{int:blockip}}&quot; if the user is already blocked. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308570]

'''Future meetings'''
* The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place tomorrow (26 July).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W30&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

19:27, 25 Silimin gɔli July 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-31&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Improved [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Displaying_a_formula#Phantom|LaTeX capabilities for math rendering]] are now available in the wikis thanks to supporting &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Phantom&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; tags. This completes part of [[m:Community_Wishlist_Survey_2022/Editing/Missing_LaTeX_capabilities_for_math_rendering|the #59 wish]] of the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor/Realtime_Preview|Realtime Preview]] will be available as a Beta Feature on wikis in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists%2Fgroup0.dblist Group 0]. This feature was built in order to fulfill [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2021/Real_Time_Preview_for_Wikitext|one of the Community Wishlist Survey proposals]].

'''Future changes'''
* The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout August.  Discussions will look different.  You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]].

'''Future meetings'''
* This week, three meetings about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector (2022)]] with live interpretation will take place. On Tuesday, interpretation in Russian will be provided. On Thursday, meetings for Arabic and Spanish speakers will take place. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|See how to join]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W31&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

21:22, 1 Silimin gɔli August 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-32&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:GUS2Wiki/Script|GUS2Wiki]] copies the information from [[{{#special:GadgetUsage}}]] to an on-wiki page so you can review its history. If your project isn't already listed on the [[d:Q113143828|Wikidata entry for Project:GUS2Wiki]] you can either run GUS2Wiki yourself or [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:GUS2Wiki/Script#Opting|make a request to receive updates]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T121049]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-09|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-11|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]).

'''Future meetings'''
* The [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon|Wikimania Hackathon]] will take place online from August 12–14. Don't miss [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon/Schedule|the pre-hacking showcase]] to learn about projects and find collaborators. Anyone can [[phab:/project/board/6030/|propose a project]] or [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon/Schedule|host a session]]. [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon/Newcomers|Newcomers are welcome]]!

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W32&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

19:50, 8 Silimin gɔli August 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-33&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Persian (Farsi) Wikipedia community decided to block IP editing from October 2021 to April 2022. The Wikimedia Foundation's Product Analytics team tracked the impact of this change. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Editing Restriction Study/Farsi Wikipedia|An impact report]] is now available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-16|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-18|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s8.dblist targeted wikis]).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor/Realtime_Preview|Realtime Preview]] will be available as a Beta Feature on wikis in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists%2Fgroup1.dblist Group 1]. This feature was built in order to fulfill [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2021/Real_Time_Preview_for_Wikitext|one of the Community Wishlist Survey proposals]].

'''Future changes'''
* The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout August.  Discussions will look different.  You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#4_August_2022][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Phase_1:_Topic_containers][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312672]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W33&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

21:08, 15 Silimin gɔli August 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Updates from Movement Strategy&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
[[File:Greetings from the year 2030.png|220px|right]]
Upcoming events:
*'''[[:m:Wikimedia Summit 2022|The Wikimedia Summit 2022]]''': The Summit will take place on 9-11 September as a hybrid event (both online and in-person at Berlin, Germany). [[:m:Wikimedia Summit 2022/Program Outline|The program]] will be focused on the implementation of the [[:m:Movement Strategy|2030 Movement Strategy]]. You can check out [[:m:Wikimedia Summit 2022/Schedule|the detailed schedule on Meta]].

Updates, reports and announcements:
*'''[[:m:special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Documentation/June 2022 Global Conversations|Hubs Global Conversations report (June 2022)]]''': Read the report from the Hubs Global Conversations on 24-26 June, which focused on the [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Minimum Criteria for Pilots|Minimum Criteria for Hubs Pilots]].
*'''[[:m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content#Outline|The Movement Charter outline is published]]''': The Movement Charter Drafting Committee published a rough outline of the Movement Charter's content. You may read about this and other updates in the [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Updates#July 2022|Drafting Committee's monthly update]].
*'''[[:m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Newsletter|Newsletter of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee]]''': The Drafting Committee started a monthly newsletter to deliver updates about their ongoing work, published documents and upcoming community engagement events &amp; consultations.
*'''[[:m:special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement guidelines]] update''': The [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee#Revisions Committee|Revisions Committee]] is wrapping up its work on revising the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines, which will undergo legal review before being open for review by the Wikimedia communities in early September.

''You are receiving this message because you are [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Updates/Subscribe|subscribed to the Movement Strategy updates]] (distributed monthly).''

&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

--21:18, 15 Silimin gɔli August 2022 (GMT).
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-34&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Two problems with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps have been fixed. Maps are no longer shown as empty when a geoline was created via VisualEditor. Geolines consisting of points with QIDs (e.g., subway lines) are no longer shown with pushpins. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292613][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308560]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-25|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]).
* The colours of links and visited links will change. This is to make the difference between links and other text more clear. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T213778]

'''Future changes'''
* The new [{{int:discussiontools-topicsubscription-button-subscribe}}] button [[mw:Talk pages project/Notifications#12 August 2022|helps newcomers get answers]].  The Editing team is enabling this tool everywhere.  You can turn it off in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284489]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W34&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

00:13, 23 Silimin gɔli August 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-35&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor/Realtime_Preview|Realtime Preview]] is available as a Beta Feature on wikis in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists%2Fgroup2.dblist Group 2]. This feature was built in order to fulfill [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2021/Real_Time_Preview_for_Wikitext|one of the Community Wishlist Survey proposals]]. Please note that when this Beta feature is enabled, it may cause conflicts with some wiki-specific Gadgets.

'''Problems'''
* In recent months, there have been inaccurate numbers shown for various [[{{#special:statistics}}]] at Commons, Wikidata, and English Wikipedia. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T315693]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-30|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-09-01|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]).

'''Future changes'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation wants to improve how Wikimedia communities report harmful incidents by building the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System|Private Incident Reporting System (PIRS)]] to make it easy and safe for users to make reports. You can leave comments on the talk page, by answering the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System#Phase 1|questions provided]].  If you have ever faced a harmful situation that you wanted to report/reported, join a PIRS interview to share your experience. To sign up [[m:Special:EmailUser/MAna_(WMF)|please email]] &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:MAna (WMF)|Madalina Ana]]&lt;/span&gt;.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W35&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

23:05, 29 Silimin gɔli August 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-36&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-09-06|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-09-08|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] On Special pages that only have one tab, the tab-bar's row will be hidden in the Vector-2022 skin to save space. The row will still show if Gadgets use it. Gadgets that currently append directly to the CSS id of &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;#p-namespaces&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; should be updated to use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortletLink|mw.util.addPortletLink]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; function instead. Gadgets that style this id should consider also targeting &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;#p-associated-pages&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, the new id for this row. [[phab:T316908|Examples are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316908][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313409]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W36&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

23:22, 5 Silimin gɔli September 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-37&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The search servers have been upgraded to a new major version. If you notice any issues with searching, please report them on [[phab:project/view/1849/|Phabricator]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/XPCTYYTN67FVFKN6XOHULJVGUO44J662]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|Syntax highlighting]] is now tracked as an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgExpensiveParserFunctionLimit|expensive parser function]]. Only 500 expensive function calls can be used on a single page. Pages that exceed the limit are added to a [[:Category:{{MediaWiki:expensive-parserfunction-category}}|tracking category]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316858]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W37&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

01:50, 13 Silimin gɔli September 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-38&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W38&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two database fields in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;templatelinks&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; table are now being dropped: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;tl_namespace&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;tl_title&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Any queries that rely on these fields need to be changed to use the new normalization field called &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;tl_target_id&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. See &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[phab:T299417|T299417]]&lt;/span&gt; for more information. This is part of [[w:Database normalization|normalization]] of links tables. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/U2U6TXIBABU3KDCVUOITIGI5OJ4COBSW/][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:ASarabadani_(WMF)/Database_for_devs_toolkit/Concepts/Normalization]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* In [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps, you can use icons on markers for common points of interest. On Tuesday, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer/Icons|previous icon set]] will be updated to [https://de.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Hilfe:Extension:Kartographer/Icons version maki 7.2]. That means, around 100 new icons will be available.  Additionally, all existing icons were updated for clarity and to make them work better in international contexts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302861][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation#Update_maki_icons]

'''Future changes'''
* In a [[m:Content_Partnerships_Hub/Software/Volunteer_developers_discussion_at_Wikimania_2022|group discussion at Wikimania]], more than 30 people talked about how to make content partnership software in the Wikimedia movement more sustainable. What kind of support is acceptable for volunteer developers? Read the summary and [[m:Talk:Content Partnerships Hub/Software/Volunteer developers discussion at Wikimania 2022|leave your feedback]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W38&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/span&gt; 22:16, 19 Silimin gɔli September 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23826293 --&gt;

== Campaigns Product Update #4 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers!
 
We are excited to share our updates:

*&lt;div style = &quot;text-align:left; color: #192980; font-size: 1em;&gt;'''Event Registration v0'''&lt;/div&gt;

:We have successfully launched '''Event Registration tool V0''' on beta cluster and collected feedback from the first batch of testers. This tool is part of a more comprehensive organizing solution, the '''Event Center''', which hopes to support movement organizers. Through this registration solution, organizers can collect useful data on campaign participants and their needs while respecting participant privacy. 

:'''Testing update'''. In our first round of feedback collection, testers were composed of different types of organizers around the movement with a language focus on Arabic, French, English, and Swahili communities. Most of the testers successfully created their test event registrations and signed up for a test event registration created by other organizers. '''''Simple''''', '''''easy to use''''', and '''''aids in managing event participants''''' were the common feedback we received from first-time users. In contrast, access and proper localization of the tool were the points for improvement identified. We are working on V1, which will include '''communication support''' and integration with the [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/ '''Programs and Event Dashboard''']. This will be released on Meta-Wiki soon. We hope to address accessibility during this launch and improve localization problems once the tool has been deployed in local wikiprojects. 

:[https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Main_Page ''The tool is still available for testing on the beta cluster'']. Feel free to leave feedback on our project talk page or this [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSe53MNV9CKVBAF3SV2q97baufizH7b_2QJ47H1w0Upvoh4QFQ/viewform form].  

*&lt;div style = &quot;text-align:left; color: #192980; font-size: 1em;&gt;'''Organizer Lab'''&lt;/div&gt; Looking for a way to learn how to effectively organize around sustainability? Join the beta version of the Organizer Lab on WikiLearn to understand how to effectively organize a global campaign around sustainability and climate change! Applications are open from '''September 22 - October 19, 2022'''.  The Organizer Lab will be a '''9-week online learning experience from the end of October until mid December''' that prepares participants to obtain knowledge about the topics that they wish to create, a call to action for strategic knowledge gaps, as well as more generalized Wikimedia organizing and campaign/event design skills. 
:[[m:Campaigns/Organizer_Lab|'''Read more about the program''']]!  
&lt;br&gt;
'''What's Next''':

*'''Organizer Lab Information Session'''. We invite you to join our information session for the Organizer Lab on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1664546421 '''September 30, 2022 at 14:00 UTC'''] via '''Zoom'''. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89032870014 ''Join this session!'']&lt;br&gt;

*'''Organizer User Rights'''. We are reaching out to a pool of administrators from Arabic, French and Swahili communities to collect feedback on what is the best way to define organizer user rights, what privileges to give to community organizers, and what are the limitations of these privileges. Feel free to reach out to our [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|product ambassadors]] or send an email to '''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org''' if you are interested to be part of these conversations.
&lt;br&gt;
----
'''Community Feedback''':
&lt;center&gt;''&quot;Participants have been always asking the organizers are asked by participants whether they are registered, now participants will just look directly if they are registered, Thank you for creating the system&quot;'' &lt;br&gt; - French Organizer &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

''“I think that the platform will facilitate the process of promoting events and searching for participants”''&lt;br&gt; - Arabic Organizer &lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
----
&lt;br&gt;
Thank you!


'''The Campaigns Product Team'''
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Ŋun su:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:MediaWiki message delivery|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 06:30, 21 Silimin gɔli September 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-39&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W39&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/39|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Parsoid clients should be updated to allow for space-separated multi-values in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;rel&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute of links. Further details are in &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[phab:T315209|T315209]]&lt;/bdi&gt;.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|Visual diffs]] will become available to all users, except at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|Talk pages on the mobile site]] will change at the Arabic, Bangla, Chinese, French, Haitian Creole, Hebrew, Korean, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.  They should be easier to use and provide more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318302] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Mobile]
* In the [[mw:Lua/Scripting|{{ns:828}}]] namespace, pages ending with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.json&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will be treated as JSON, just like they already are in the {{ns:2}} and {{ns:8}} namespaces. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T144475]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/39|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W39&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:30, 27 Silimin gɔli September 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23860085 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-40&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W40&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/40|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now show geopoints from Wikidata, via QID or SPARQL query. Previously, this was only possible for geoshapes and geolines. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307695] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints_via_QID]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award 2022]] is looking for nominations. You can recommend tools until 12 October.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|Talk pages on the mobile site]] will change at the Arabic, Bangla, Chinese, French, Haitian Creole, Hebrew, Korean, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.  They should be easier to use and provide more information. (Last week's release was delayed) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318302] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Mobile]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;scribunto-console&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; API module will require a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Tokens|CSRF token]]. This module is documented as internal and use of it is not supported. [[phab:T212071|[5]]] 
* The Vector 2022 skin will become the default across the smallest Wikimedia projects. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements#Deployment_plan_and_timeline|Learn more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/40|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W40&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:23, 4 Silimin gɔli October 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23885489 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-41&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W41&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/41|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* On some wikis, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps in full size view will be able to display nearby articles. After a feedback period, more wikis will follow. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316782][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/41|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W41&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

14:09, 10 Silimin gɔli October 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23912412 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-42&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W42&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/42|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The recently implemented feature of [[phab:T306883|article thumbnails in Special:Search]] will be limited to Wikipedia projects only. Further details are in [[phab:T320510|T320510]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Data_Across_Wikimedia/Search_Improvements]
* A bug that caused problems in loading article thumbnails in Special:Search has been fixed. Further details are in [[phab:T320406|T320406]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Lua module authors can use &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#mw.loadJsonData|mw.loadJsonData()]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to load data from JSON pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217500]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Lua module authors can enable &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Strict_library|require( &quot;strict&quot; )]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to add errors for some possible code problems. This replaces &quot;[[wikidata:Q16748603|Module:No globals]]&quot; on most wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209310]

'''Future changes'''
* The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated at most wikis. The &quot;{{int:discussiontools-replylink}}&quot; button will look different after this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320683]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/42|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W42&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:46, 17 Silimin gɔli October 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-43&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W43&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/43|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There have been some minor visual fixes in Special:Search, regarding audio player alignment and image placeholder height. Further details are in [[phab:T319230|T319230]].
* On Wikipedias, a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-searchoptions|preference]] has been added to hide article thumbnails in Special:Search. Full details are in [[phab:T320337|T320337]].

'''Problems'''
* Last week, three wikis ({{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruwiki/en}}) had read-only access for 25 minutes. This was caused by a hardware problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320990]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-10-25|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-10-27|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-aswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-banwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-barwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bat smgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bclwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-be x oldwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-biwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bjnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bpywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-brwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bxrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304549] 
* Starting on Wednesday October 26, 2022, the list of mentors will be upgraded [[d:Q14339834 | at wikis where Growth mentorship is available]]. The mentorship system will continue to work as it does now. The signup process [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list#add|will be replaced]], and a new management option will be provided. Also, this change simplifies [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list#create|the creation of mentorship systems at Wikipedias]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314858][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T310905][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured_mentor_list]
* Pages with titles that start with a lower-case letter according to Unicode 11 will be renamed or deleted. There is a list of affected pages at &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:Unicode 11 case map migration]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. More information can be found at [[phab:T292552|T292552]].
* The Vector 2022 skin will become the default across the smallest Wikipedias. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements#smallest-1|Learn more]].

'''Future changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|New Topic tool]] will soon get a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Special characters|special characters menu]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249072]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/43|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W43&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:23, 24 Silimin gɔli October 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23975411 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-44&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W44&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/44|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* When using keyboard navigation on a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map, the focus will become more visible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T315997]
* In {{#special:RecentChanges}}, you can now hide the log entries for new user creations with the filter for &quot;{{int:rcfilters-filter-newuserlogactions-label}}&quot;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321155]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|maps dialog]] in VisualEditor now has some help texts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318818]
* It is now possible to select the language of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor via a dropdown menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318817]
* It is now possible to add a caption to a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318815]
* It is now possible to hide the frame of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318813]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/44|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W44&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:15, 31 Silimin gɔli October 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23977539 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-45&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W45&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/45|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* An updated version of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/EventCenter/Registration|Event Registration]] tool is now available for testing at [[testwiki:|testwiki]] and [[test2wiki:| test2wiki]]. The tool provides features for event organizers and participants. Your feedback is welcome at our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|project talkpage]]. More information about [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|the project]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318592]

'''Problems'''
* Twice last week, for about 45 minutes, some files and thumbnails failed to load and uploads failed, mostly for logged-in users. The cause is being investigated and an incident report will be available soon.

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/45|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W45&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:32, 8 Silimin gɔli November 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24001035 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-46&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W46&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/46|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* At Wikidata, an interwiki link can now point to a redirect page if certain conditions are met. This new feature is called [[wikidata:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Sitelinks_to_redirects|sitelinks to redirects]]. It is needed when one wiki uses one page to cover multiple concepts but another wiki uses more pages to cover the same concepts. Your [[wikidata:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata talk:Sitelinks to redirects|feedback on the talkpage]] of the new proposed guideline is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278962]
* The &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikinews.org/ www.wikinews.org]&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikiversity.org/ www.wikiversity.org]&lt;/span&gt;, and &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikivoyage.org/ www.wikivoyage.org]&lt;/span&gt; portal pages now use an automated update system. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273179]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* There will be a new link to directly &quot;Edit template data&quot; on Template pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316759]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis where mobile [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] are enabled ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Deployment Status|these ones]]) will soon use full CSS styling to display any templates that are placed at the top of talk pages. To adapt these “talk page boxes” for narrow mobile devices you can use media queries, such as in [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Message_box/tmbox.css&amp;oldid=1097618699#L-69 this example]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312309]
* Starting in January 2023, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2023 Changes Update|running the Community Wishlist Survey (CWS) every two years]]. This means that in 2024, there will be no new proposals or voting.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/46|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W46&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:55, 14 Silimin gɔli November 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24071290 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-47&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W47&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/47|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The display of non-free media in the search bar and for article thumbnails in Special:Search has been deactivated. Further details are in [[phab:T320661|T320661]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-22|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-24|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/47|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W47&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:22, 21 Silimin gɔli November 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24071290 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-48&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W48&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/48|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* A new preference, “Enable limited width mode”, has been added to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|Vector 2022 skin]]. The preference is also available as a toggle on every page if your monitor is 1600 pixels or wider. It allows for increasing the width of the page for logged-out and logged-in users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319449]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-29|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-12-01|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]).
* Mathematical formulas shown in SVG image format will no longer have PNG fall-backs for browsers that don't support them. This is part of work to modernise the generation system. Showing only PNG versions was the default option until in February 2018. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3BGOKWJIZGL4TC4HJ22ICRU2SEPWGCR4/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311620][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T186327]
* On [[phab:P40224|some wikis]] that use flagged revisions, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:FlaggedRevs#Special:Contributions|a new checkbox will be added]] to Special:Contributions that enables you to see only the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Pending changes|pending changes]] by a user. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321445]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change early next week at [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train#Wednesday group1 wikis] (but not Wikimedia Commons or Meta-Wiki). This change improves the accessibility of content, and makes it easier to write related CSS. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/48|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W48&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:03, 28 Silimin gɔli November 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24114342 --&gt;

== Campaigns Product Team Office Hour - December 2022 ==

Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers!

The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|Wikimedia Foundation Campaigns Team]] invites you to join our upcoming office hours. In each session, we will introduce V1 of [[m:Event Center/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']], so you can begin '''using it for real events on Meta-wiki'''. &lt;br&gt;

In V1, the following new features will be includedː
* Support for the organizer to specify an event timezone
* Automatic confirmation emails after participants have registered
* Private registration: the option for participants to register and only display their registered username to organizers of the event and we will teach you how you can use it yourself.
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;u&gt;'''Office Hour Sessions''':&lt;/u&gt;
* '''1st Session''': '''December 5, 2022''' @ '''18:00 UTC''' via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87853269514 Zoom]
* '''2nd Session''': '''December 10, 2022''' @ '''12:00 UTC''' via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87853269514 Zoom]
:[[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 12|'''''Join us and share your thoughts on these developments!''''']] 
&lt;br&gt;
These office hours will be multilingual, with live interpretations in Arabic, English, French, and Swahili.  Email us @ ''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org'' or [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 12|'''sign-up here''']]  if you want to receive a reminder for this meeting.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Thank you.

'''The Campaigns Product Team'''
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&amp;oldid=24091515 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-49&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W49&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/49|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Wikisources use a tool called ProofreadPage. ProofreadPage uses OpenSeadragon which is an open source tool. The OpenSeadragon JavaScript API has been significantly re-written to support dynamically loading images. The functionality provided by the older version of the API should still work but it is no longer supported. User scripts and gadgets should migrate over to the newer version of the API. The functionality provided by the newer version of the API is [[mw:Extension:Proofread_Page/Page_viewer#JS_API|documented on MediaWiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Proofread_Page/Edit-in-Sequence]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/49|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W49&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:41, 6 Silimin gɔli December 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24151590 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-50&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W50&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/50|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* An [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|A/B test has begun]] at 15 Wikipedias for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools on mobile]].  Half of the editors on the [[mw:Reading/Web/Mobile|mobile web site]] will have access to the {{int:discussiontools-replybutton}} tool and other features. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321961]
* The character &lt;code&gt;=&lt;/code&gt; cannot be used in new usernames, to make usernames work better with templates. Existing usernames are not affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254045]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Phase_1:_Topic_containers|show discussion metadata below section headings]] will be inserted after these headings, not inside of them. This change improves the accessibility of discussion pages for screen reader software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314714]

'''Events'''
* The fourth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award]] will happen online on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1671210002 Friday 16 December 2022 at 17:00 UTC]! The event will be live-streamed on YouTube in the [https://www.youtube.com/user/watchmediawiki MediaWiki channel] and added to Commons afterwards.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/50|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W50&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:34, 12 Silimin gɔli December 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24216570 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-51&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W51&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/51|Translations]] are available.

'''Tech News'''
* Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 9 January 2023.

'''Recent changes'''
* On a user's contributions page, you can filter it for edits with a tag like 'reverted'. Now, you can also filter for all edits that are not tagged like that. This was part of a Community Wishlist 2022 request. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T119072]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new function has been used for gadget developers to add content underneath the title on article pages. This is considered a stable API that should work across all skins. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addSubtitle|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316830]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[test2wiki:|One of our test wikis]] is now being served from a new infrastructure powered by [[w:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] ([[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more]]). More Wikis will switch to this new infrastructure in early 2023. Please test and let us know of any issues. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290536]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, all wikis had no edit access for 9 minutes. This was caused by a database problem. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2022-12-13_sessionstore]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week.
* The word &quot;{{int:discussiontools-replybutton}}&quot; is very short in some languages, such as Arabic (&quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;ar&quot;&gt;ردّ&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot;). This makes the {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} button on talk pages difficult to use. An arrow icon will be added to those languages. This will only be visible to editors who have the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] turned on. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Status] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323537]

'''Future changes'''
* Edits can be automatically &quot;tagged&quot; by the system software or the {{int:Abusefilter}} system. Those tags link to a help page about the tags. Soon they will also link to Recent Changes to let you see other edits tagged this way. This was a Community Wishlist 2022 request. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301063]
* The Trust &amp; Safety tools team [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System/Timeline and Updates|have shared new plans]] for building the Private Incident Reporting System. The system will make it easier for editors to ask for help if they are harassed or abused. 
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|Realtime Preview for Wikitext]] is coming out of beta as an enabled feature for every user of the 2010 Wikitext [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editor|editor]] in the week of January 9, 2023. It will be available to use via the toolbar in the 2010 Wikitext editor. The feature was the 4th most popular wish of the Community Wishlist Survey 2021.

'''Events'''
* You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2023/Participate|register for the Wikimedia Hackathon 2023]], taking place on May 19–21 in Athens, Greece. You can also apply for a scholarship until January 14th.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/51|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W51&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:00, 20 Silimin gɔli December 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24258101 --&gt;

== Invitation to organize Feminism and Folklore 2023 ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/center&gt;

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

Christmas Greetings and a Happy New Year 2023,
 
You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2023|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia.
 
You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/List of Articles|list]] of suggested articles.
 
Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project:
# Create a page for the contest on the local wiki.
# Set up a fountain tool or dashboard.
# Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes.
# Request local admins for site notice.
# Link the local page and the fountain/dashboard link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta project page]].
 
This year we would be supporting the community's financial aid for Internet and childcare support. This would be provided for the local team including their jury and coordinator team. This support is opt-in and non mandatory. Kindly fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this Google form] and mark a mail to [mailto:support@wikilovesfolklore.org support@wikilovesfolklore.org] with the subject line starting as [Stipend] Name or Username/Language. The last date to sign up for internet and childcare aid from our team is 20th of January 2023, We encourage the language coordinators to sign up their community on this link by the 25th of January 2023.
 
Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance.
 
We look forward to your immense coordination.
 
Thank you and Best wishes,

[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team]]

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Ŋun su:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:MediaWiki message delivery|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 10:11, 24 Silimin gɔli December 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf&amp;oldid=24282249 --&gt;
:Hello Team,
:There has not been any update about the opt-in for support for the community's financial aid for Internet and childcare in this year's Feminism and Folklore writing competition. As a coordinator for this year's contest in Ghana for Moore and Gurene communities and also supporting in organizing same for Dagaare and Kusaal incubators, I and my other colleagues did fill out the support form but are yet to get any feedback from your team about that. Even though it was an opt-in based, It was actually a laudable idea to support the coordinators, organizers, and the Jury to carry out their roles effectively towards success. 
:I hope to hear from you soon. [[Ŋun su:Alhassan Mohammed Awal|Alhassan Mohammed Awal]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:Alhassan Mohammed Awal|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 09:53, 9 Silimin gɔli March 2023 (GMT)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-02&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W02&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/02|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* You can use tags to filter edits in the recent changes feed or on your watchlist. You can now use tags to filter out edits you don't want to see. Previously you could only use tags to focus on the edits with those tags. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T174349]
* [[Special:WhatLinksHere|Special:WhatLinksHere]] shows all pages that link to a specific page. There is now a [https://wlh.toolforge.org prototype] for how to sort those pages alphabetically. You can see the discussion in the [[phab:T4306|Phabricator ticket]].
* You can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thanks]] function on your watchlist and the user contribution page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T51541]
* A wiki page can be moved to give it a new name. You can now get a dropdown menu with common reasons when you move a page. This is so you don't have to write the explanation every time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T325257]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Matrix.org|Matrix]] is a chat tool. You can now use &lt;code&gt;matrix:&lt;/code&gt; to create Matrix links on wiki pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326021]
* You can filter out translations when you look at the recent changes on multilingual wikis. This didn't hide translation pages. You can now also hide subpages which are translation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T233493]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|Realtime preview for wikitext]] is a tool which lets editors preview the page when they edit wikitext. It will be enabled for all users of the 2010 wikitext editor. You will find it in the editor toolbar.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2023-01-10|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2023-01-12|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/02|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W02&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:07, 10 Silimin gɔli January 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24342971 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-03&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The URLs in &quot;{{int:last}}&quot; links on page history now contain &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;diff=prev&amp;oldid=[revision ID]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; in place of &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;diff=[revision ID]&amp;oldid=[revision ID]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. This is to fix a problem with links pointing to incorrect diffs when history was filtered by a tag. Some user scripts may break as a result of this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243569]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|changes to the appearance of talk pages]] have only been available on &lt;code&gt;{{ns:1}}:&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;{{ns:3}}:&lt;/code&gt; namespaces.  These will be extended to other talk namespaces, such as &lt;code&gt;{{ns:5}}:&lt;/code&gt;.  They will continue to be unavailable in non-talk namespaces, including &lt;code&gt;{{ns:4}}:&lt;/code&gt; pages (e.g., at the Village Pump).  You can [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|change your preferences]] ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T325417]
*On Wikisources, when an image is zoomed or panned in the Page: namespace, the same zoom and pan settings will be remembered for all Page: namespace pages that are linked to a particular Index: namespace page. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/ProofreadPage/+/868841]
* The Vector 2022 skin will become the default for the English Wikipedia desktop users. The change will take place on January 18 at 15:00 UTC. [[:en:w:Wikipedia:Vector 2022|Learn more]].

'''Future changes'''
* The 2023 edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey]], which invites contributors to make technical proposals and vote for tools and improvements, starts next week on 23 January 2023 at 18:00 UTC. You can start drafting your proposals in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W03&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:10, 17 Silimin gɔli January 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24381020 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-04&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, for ~15 minutes, all wikis were unreachable for logged-in users and non-cached pages. This was caused by a timing issue. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-17_MediaWiki]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* If you have the Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|DiscussionTools]] enabled, the appearance of talk pages will add more information about discussion activity. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Status][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317907]
* The 2023 edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey]] (CWS), which invites contributors to make technical proposals and vote for tools and improvements, starts on Monday 23 January 2023 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496814 18:00 UTC]. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W04&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:46, 23 Silimin gɔli January 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24418874 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-05&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, for ~15 minutes, some users were unable to log in or edit pages. This was caused by a problem with session storage. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-24_sessionstore_quorum_issues]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis that use localized numbering schemes for references need to add new CSS. This will help to show citation numbers the same way in all reading and editing modes. If your wiki would prefer to do it yourselves, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|details and example CSS to copy from]], and also add your wiki to the list. Otherwise, the developers will directly help out starting the week of February 5.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W05&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:05, 31 Silimin gɔli January 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24455949 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-06&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022 skin]], logged-out users using the full-width toggle will be able to see the setting of their choice even after refreshing pages or opening new ones. This only applies to wikis where Vector 2022 is the default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321498]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Previously, we announced when some wikis would be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. These switches will not be announced any more, as the read-only time has become non-significant. Switches will continue to happen at 7AM UTC on Tuesdays and Thursdays. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292543#8568433]
* Across all the wikis, in the Vector 2022 skin, logged-in users will see the page-related links such as &quot;What links here&quot; in a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/Page_tools|new side menu]]. It will be displayed on the other side of the screen. This change had previously been made on Czech, English, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328692]
*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] will stop receiving new proposals on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1675706431 Monday, 6 February 2023, at 18:00 UTC]. Proposers should complete any edits by then, to give time for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/Help_us|translations]] and review. Voting will begin on Friday, 10 February.

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets and user scripts will be changing to load on desktop and mobile sites. Previously they would only load on the desktop site. It is recommended that wiki administrators audit the [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition|gadget definitions]] prior to this change, and add &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;skins=…&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for any gadgets which should not load on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610 More details are available].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W06&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 10:21, 6 Silimin gɔli February 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24491749 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-07&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* On wikis where patrolled edits are enabled, changes made to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list|mentor list]] by autopatrolled mentors are not correctly marked as patrolled. It will be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328444]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The Reply tool and other parts of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools]] will be deployed for all editors using the mobile site.  You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|read more about this decision]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298060]

'''Future changes'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W07&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:49, 14 Silimin gɔli February 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24540832 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-08&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, during planned maintenance of Cloud Services, unforeseen complications forced the team to turn off all tools for 2–3 hours to prevent data corruption. Work is ongoing to prevent similar problems in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329535] 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
*The voting phase for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] ends on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677261621 24 February at 18:00 UTC]. The results of the survey will be announced on 28 February.

'''Future changes'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W08&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:58, 21 Silimin gɔli February 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24570514 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-09&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, in some areas of the world, there were problems with loading pages for 20 minutes and saving edits for 55 minutes. These issues were caused by a problem with our caching servers due to unforseen events during a routine maintenance task. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_wiki_outage][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_read_only] 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W09&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:47, 27 Silimin gɔli February 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24634242 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-10&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Community Wishlist Survey 2023 edition has been concluded. Community Tech has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|published the results]] of the survey and will provide an update on what is next in April 2023.
* On wikis which use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Writing_systems|LanguageConverter]] to handle multiple writing systems, articles which used custom conversion rules in the wikitext (primarily on Chinese Wikipedia) would have these rules applied inconsistently in the table of contents, especially in the Vector 2022 skin. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306862]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* A search system has been added to the [[Special:Preferences|Preferences screen]]. This will let you find different options more easily. Making it work on mobile devices will happen soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313804]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W10&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:50, 6 Silimin gɔli March 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24676916 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-11&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-cbk_zamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cdowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cebwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ckbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-csbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304542][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304550] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W11&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:20, 13 Silimin gɔli March 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24700189 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-12&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, some users experienced issues loading image thumbnails. This was due to incorrectly cached images. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331820]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A link to the user's [[{{#special:CentralAuth}}]] page will appear on [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] — some user scripts which previously added this link may cause conflicts. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Admins and patrollers/Add link to CentralAuth on Special:Contributions|voted #17 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]].
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[{{#special:AbuseFilter}}]] edit window will be resizable and larger by default. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Make the AbuseFilter edit window resizable and larger by default|voted #80 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]].
* There will be a new option for Administrators when they are unblocking a user, to add the unblocked user’s user page to their watchlist. This will work both via [[{{#special:Unblock}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257662]

'''Meetings'''
* You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1679677204 24 March at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Office Hours|details and how to join]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W12&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:26, 21 Silimin gɔli March 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24732558 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-13&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] condition limit was increased from 1000 to 2000. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309609]
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter#Locally disabled actions|Some Global AbuseFilter]] actions will no longer apply to local projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332521]
* Desktop users are now able to subscribe to talk pages by clicking on the {{int:discussiontools-newtopicssubscription-button-subscribe-label}} link in the {{int:toolbox}} menu. If you subscribe to a talk page, you receive [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications|notifications]] when new topics are started on that talk page. This is separate from putting the page on your watchlist or subscribing to a single discussion. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263821]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* You will be able to choose [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diffs]] on all [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Page history|history pages]] at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The legacy [[mw:Mobile Content Service|Mobile Content Service]] is going away in July 2023. Developers are encouraged to switch to Parsoid or another API before then to ensure service continuity. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/4MVQQTONJT7FJAXNVOFV3WWVVMCHRINE/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W13&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:13, 28 Silimin gɔli March 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24780854 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-14&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The system for automatically creating categories for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Babel|Babel]] extension has had several important changes and fixes. One of them allows you to insert templates for automatic category descriptions on creation, allowing you to categorize the new categories. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T211665][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T64714][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170654][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184941][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33074]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Some older [[w:en:Web browser|Web browsers]] will stop being able to use [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] on Wikimedia wikis from this week. This mainly affects users of Internet Explorer 11. If you have an old web browser on your computer you can try to upgrade to a newer version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T178356]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The deprecated &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;jquery.hoverIntent&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; module has been removed. This module could be used by gadgets and user scripts, to create an artificial delay in how JavaScript responds to a hover event. Gadgets and user scripts should now use jQuery &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;hover()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;on()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; instead. Examples can be found in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Migration_guide_(users)#jquery.hoverIntent|migration guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311194]
* Some of the links in [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] will be re-arranged. There will be a clearer separation between links that relate to all users, and links related to your own user account. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333242]
* You will be able to hide the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply button]] in archived discussion pages with a new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__ARCHIVEDTALK__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; magic word.  There will also be a new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.mw-archivedtalk&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; CSS class for hiding the Reply button in individual sections on a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249293][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295553][https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/DiscussionTools/+/738221]

'''Future changes'''
* The Vega software that creates data visualizations in pages, such as graphs, will be upgraded to the newest version in the future. Graphs that still use the very old version 1.5 syntax may stop working properly. Most existing uses have been found and updated, but you can help to check, and to update any local documentation. [[phab:T260542|Examples of how to find and fix these graphs are available]]. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W14&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:39, 3 Silimin gɔli April 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24820268 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-15&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] In the visual editor, it is now possible to edit captions of images in galleries without opening the gallery dialog. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/Editable gallery captions in Visual Editor|voted #61 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190224]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] You can now receive notifications when another user edits your user page. See the &quot;{{int:Echo-category-title-edit-user-page}}&quot; option in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo|your Preferences]]. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Notifications for user page edits|voted #3 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T3876]

'''Problems'''
* There was a problem with all types of CentralNotice banners still being shown to logged-in users even if they had [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-centralnotice-banners|turned off]] specific banner types. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331671]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-arywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dinwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-elwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-emlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-etwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-euwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-extwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tumwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ffwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiu_vrowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-furwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gcrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gotwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-guwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304551][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308133]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W15&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:05, 10 Silimin gɔli April 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24851886 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-16&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* You can now see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Show_nearby_articles|nearby articles on a Kartographer map]] with the button for the new feature &quot;{{int:Kartographer-sidebar-nearbybutton}}&quot;. Six wikis have been testing this feature since October. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles#Implementation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334079]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Special:GlobalWatchlist]] page now has links for &quot;{{int:globalwatchlist-markpageseen}}&quot; for each entry. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Button to mark a single change as read in the global watch list|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334246]

'''Problems'''
* At Wikimedia Commons, some thumbnails have not been getting replaced correctly after a new version of the image is uploaded. This should be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331138][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333042]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] For the last few weeks, some external tools had inconsistent problems with logging-in with OAuth. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332650]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W16&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:54, 18 Silimin gɔli April 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24881071 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-17&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The date-selection menu on pages such as [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] will now show year-ranges that are in the current and past decade, instead of the current and future decade. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Change year range shown in date selection popup|voted #145 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]].  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334316]

'''Problems'''
* Due to security issues with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]], graphs have been disabled in all Wikimedia projects. Wikimedia Foundation teams are working to respond to these vulnerabilities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940]
* For a few days, it was not possible to save some kinds of edits on the mobile version of a wiki. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334797][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334799][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334794]

'''Changes later this week'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on April 26. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682517653 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* The Editing team plans an A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|a usability analysis of the Talk page project]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|planned measurements are available]]. Your wiki [[phab:T332946|may be invited to participate]]. Please suggest improvements to the measurement plan at [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/Usability|the discussion page]].
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024|The Wikimedia Foundation annual plan 2023-2024 draft is open for comment and input]] until May 19. The final plan will be published in July 2023 on Meta-wiki.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W17&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:03, 24 Silimin gɔli April 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24933592 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-18&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the French and Italian Wikipedias. More languages will be added in the near future. This is part of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend &quot;Who Wrote That?&quot; tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243711][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270490][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891]
* The [[:commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2commons]] tool has been updated. This fixed several bugs related to YouTube uploads. [https://github.com/toolforge/video2commons/pull/162/commits]
* The [[{{#special:Preferences}}]] page has been redesigned on mobile web. The new design makes it easier to browse the different categories and settings at low screen widths. You can also now access the page via a link in the Settings menu in the mobile web sidebar. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Content_moderation_on_mobile_web/Preferences]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W18&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:45, 2 Silimin gɔli May 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24966974 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-19&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Last week, Community Tech released the first update for providing [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diffs]], the #1 request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey. [[phab:T324759|This update]] adds legends and tooltips to inline diffs so that users unfamiliar with the blue and yellow highlights can better understand the type of edits made.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] When you close an image that is displayed via MediaViewer, it will now return to the wiki page instead of going back in your browser history. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Return to the article when closing the MediaViewer|voted #65 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T236591]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|SyntaxHighlight]] extension now supports &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;wikitext&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; as a selected language. Old alternatives that were used to highlight wikitext, such as &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;html5&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;moin&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;html+handlebars&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, can now be replaced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29828]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Creating pages with preloaded text|Preloading text to new pages/sections]] now supports preloading from localized MediaWiki interface messages. [https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Martin_Urbanec_(WMF)?action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;preload=MediaWiki:July Here is an example] at the {{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}} that uses &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;preload=MediaWiki:July&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330337]

'''Problems'''
* Graph Extension update: Foundation developers have completed upgrading the visualization software to Vega5. Existing community graphs based on Vega2 are no longer compatible. Communities need to update local graphs and templates, and shared lua modules like &lt;bdi lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:de:Modul:Graph]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. The [https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/porting-guide/ Vega Porting guide] provides the most comprehensive detail on migration from Vega2 and [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Graph:PageViews&amp;action=history here is an example migration]. Vega5 has currently just been enabled on mediawiki.org to provide a test environment for communities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940#8813922]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Until now, all new OAuth apps went through manual review. Starting this week, apps using identification-only or basic authorizations will not require review. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67750]

'''Future changes'''
* During the next year, MediaWiki will stop using IP addresses to identify logged-out users, and will start automatically assigning unique temporary usernames. Read more at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates|IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates]]. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#What should it look like?|join the discussion]] about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates#What will temporary usernames look like?|format of the temporary usernames]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332805]
* There will be an [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on 10 Wikipedias where the Vector 2022 skin is the default skin. Half of logged-in desktop users will see an interface where the different parts of the page are more clearly separated. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2023-05 Zebra9 A/B test|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333180][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335972]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] &lt;code&gt;jquery.tipsy&lt;/code&gt; will be removed from the MediaWiki core. This will affect some user scripts. Many lines with &lt;code&gt;.tipsy(&lt;/code&gt; can be commented out. &lt;code&gt;OO.ui.PopupWidget&lt;/code&gt; can be used to keep things working like they are now. You can [[phab:T336019|read more]] and [[:mw:Help:Locating broken scripts|read about how to find broken scripts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336019]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W19&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:36, 9 Silimin gɔli May 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24998636 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-20&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Citations that are automatically generated based on [[d:Q33057|ISBN]] are currently broken. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts. Work is ongoing to restore this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298] 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-gorwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hakwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hifwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-htwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-igwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ilowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-inhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308134] 

'''Future changes'''
* There is a recently formed team at the Wikimedia Foundation which will be focusing on experimenting with new tools. Currently they are building [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI|a prototype ChatGPT plugin that allows information generated by ChatGPT to be properly attributed]] to the Wikimedia projects.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and userscript developers should replace &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;jquery.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mediawiki.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;jquery.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; library will be removed in ~1 month, and staff developers will run a script to replace any remaining uses at that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336018]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W20&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:45, 15 Silimin gɔli May 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25011501 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-21&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The &quot;recent edits&quot; time period for page watchers is now 30 days. It used to be 180 days. This was a [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Change information about the number of watchers on a page|Community Wishlist Survey proposal]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336250]

'''Changes later this week'''
* An [[mw:special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Impact|improved impact module]] will be available at Wikipedias. The impact module is a feature available to newcomers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer homepage|at their personal homepage]]. It will show their number of edits, how many readers their edited pages have, how many thanks they have received and similar things. It is also accessible by accessing Special:Impact. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W21&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

16:55, 22 Silimin gɔli May 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25028325 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-22&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Citations can once again be added automatically from ISBNs, thanks to Zotero's ISBN searches. The current data sources are the Library of Congress (United States), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (French National Library), and K10plus ISBN (German repository). Additional data source searches can be [[mw:Citoid/Creating Zotero translators|proposed to Zotero]]. The ISBN labels in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]] will reappear later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298#8859917]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The page [[{{#special:EditWatchlist}}]] now has &quot;{{int:watchlistedit-normal-check-all}}&quot; options to select all the pages within a namespace. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Watchlist edit - &quot;check all&quot; checkbox|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334252]	

'''Problems'''
* For a few days earlier this month, the &quot;Add interlanguage link&quot; item in the Tools menu did not work properly. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337081]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/small.dblist small] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/medium.dblist medium] wikis this week. Large wikis will follow in the coming weeks. This is part of the effort to move Parsoid into MediaWiki core. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W22&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:03, 29 Silimin gɔli May 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25079963 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-23&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe|RealMe]] extension allows you to mark URLs on your user page as verified for Mastodon and similar software.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Citation and footnote editing can now be started from the reference list when using the visual editor. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Citations/Allow citations to be edited in the references section with VisualEditor|voted #2 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T54750]
* Previously, clicking on someone else's link to Recent Changes with filters applied within the URL could unintentionally change your preference for &quot;{{int:Rcfilters-group-results-by-page}}&quot;. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202916#8874081]

'''Problems'''
* For a few days last week, some tools and bots returned outdated information due to database replication problems, and may have been down entirely while it was being fixed. These issues have now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337446]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Bots will no longer be prevented from making edits because of URLs that match the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SpamBlacklist|spam blacklist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313107]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W23&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:52, 5 Silimin gɔli June 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25114640 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-24&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the Dutch, German, Hungarian, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish and Portuguese Wikipedias. This was the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend &quot;Who Wrote That?&quot; tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Search Improvements#Search Preview panel|Search Preview panel]] has been deployed on four Wikipedias (Catalan, Dutch, Hungarian and Norwegian). The panel will show an image related to the article (if existing), the top sections of the article, related images (coming from MediaSearch on Commons), and eventually the sister projects associated with the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306341]
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe#Verifying_a_link_on_non-user_pages|RealMe]] extension now allows administrators to verify URLs for any page, for Mastodon and similar software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324937]
* The default project license [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimediaannounce-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/7G6XPWZPQFLZ2JANN3ZX6RT4DVUI3HZQ/ has been officially upgraded] to CC BY-SA 4.0. The software interface messages have been updated. Communities should feel free to start updating any mentions of the old CC BY-SA 3.0 licensing within policies and related documentation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319064]

'''Problems'''
* For three days last month, some Wikipedia pages edited with VisualEditor or DiscussionTools had an unintended &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__TOC__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (or its localized form) added during an edit. There is [[mw:Parsoid/Deployments/T336101_followup|a listing of affected pages sorted by wiki]], that may still need to be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336101]
* Currently, the &quot;{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}&quot; feature in VisualEditor is broken. Existing &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; keywords incorrectly appear as missing templates in VisualEditor. Developers are exploring how to fix this. In the meantime, those wishing to edit the default sortkey of a page are advised to switch to source editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Last week, an update to the delete form may have broken some gadgets or user scripts. If you need to manipulate (empty) the reason field, replace &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;#wpReason&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;#wpReason &gt; input&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. See [https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3AGadget-CleanDeleteReasons.js&amp;diff=22859956&amp;oldid=12794189 an example fix]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337809]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on English Wikipedia on Monday, and all other [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/large.dblist large] wikis on Thursday. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529]

'''Future changes'''
* From 5 June to 17 July, the Foundation's [[:mw:Wikimedia Security Team|Security team]] is holding a consultation with contributors regarding a draft policy to govern the use of third-party resources in volunteer-developed gadgets and scripts. Feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|Third-party resources policy]] on meta-wiki.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W24&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 14:51, 12 Silimin gɔli June 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25133779 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-25&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Flame graphs are now available in WikimediaDebug. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JXNQD3EHG5V5QW5UXFDPSHQG4MJ3FWJQ/][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2023/06/08/flame-graphs-arrive-in-wikimediadebug/]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.
* There is now a toolbar search popup in the visual editor. You can trigger it by typing &lt;code&gt;\&lt;/code&gt; or pressing &lt;code&gt;ctrl + shift + p&lt;/code&gt;. It can help you quickly access most tools in the editor. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Visual_editor_toolbar_search_feature.png][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T66905]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W25&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:09, 19 Silimin gɔli June 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25159510 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-26&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Action API modules and Special:LinkSearch will now add a trailing &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;/&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to all &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;prop=extlinks&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; responses for bare domains. This is part of the work to remove duplication in the &lt;code&gt;externallinks&lt;/code&gt; database table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337994]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, search was broken on Commons and Wikidata for 23 hours. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339810][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-06-18_search_broken_on_wikidata_and_commons]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Minerva skin now applies more predefined styles to the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.mbox-text&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; CSS class. This enables support for mbox templates that use divs instead of tables. Please make sure that the new styles won't affect other templates in your wiki. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/skins/MinervaNeue/+/930901/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339040]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets will now load on both desktop and mobile by default. Previously, gadgets loaded only on desktop by default. Changing this default using the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;|targets=&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; parameter is also deprecated and should not be used. You should make gadgets work on mobile or disable them based on the skin (with the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;|skins=&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; parameter in &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition&lt;/bdi&gt;) rather than whether the user uses the mobile or the desktop website. Popular gadgets that create errors on mobile will be disabled by developers on the Minerva skin as a temporary solution. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T127268]
* All namespace tabs now have the same browser [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Keyboard_shortcuts|access key]] by default. Previously, custom and extension-defined namespaces would have to have their access keys set manually on-wiki, but that is no longer necessary. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T22126]
* The review form of the Flagged Revisions extension now uses the standardized [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|user interface components]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change in the coming weeks at [[:wikitech:Deployments/Train#Thursday|group2 wikis]]. This change improves the accessibility of content. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W26&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:19, 26 Silimin gɔli June 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25202311 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-27&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W27&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the rolling out of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposal, [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/small.dblist small wikis] will now be able to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline audio player mode|inline audio player]] that is implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] From this week all gadgets automatically load on mobile and desktop sites. If you see any problems with gadgets on your wikis, please adjust the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|gadget options]] in your gadget definitions file. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W27&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:51, 3 Silimin gɔli July 2023 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-28&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W28&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Section-level Image Suggestions|Section-level Image Suggestions feature]] has been deployed on seven Wikipedias (Portuguese, Russian, Indonesian, Catalan, Hungarian, Finnish and Norwegian Bokmål). The feature recommends images for articles on contributors' watchlists that are a good match for individual sections of those articles.
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global abuse filters]] have been enabled on all Wikimedia projects, except English and Japanese Wikipedias (who opted out). This change was made following a [[:m:Requests for comment/Make global abuse filters opt-out|global request for comments]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341159]
* [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] is a new tool for administrators to help fight spam. It provides a clearer interface for blocking plain domains (and their subdomains), is more easily searchable, and is faster for the software to process for each edit on the wiki. It does not support regex (for complex cases), nor URL path-matching, nor the [[MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist|MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist]], but otherwise it replaces most of the functionalities of the existing [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist|MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]]. There is a Python script to help migrate all simple domains into this tool, and more feature details, within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:BlockedExternalDomains|the tool's documentation]]. It is available at all wikis except for Meta-wiki, Commons, and Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337431]
* The WikiEditor extension was updated. It includes some of the most frequently used features of wikitext editing. In the past, many of its messages could only be translated by administrators, but now all regular translators on translatewiki can translate them. Please check [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=ext-wikieditor&amp;messages=&amp;x=D#sortable:0=asc the state of WikiEditor localization into your language], and if the &quot;Completion&quot; for your language shows anything less than 100%, please complete the translation. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-ambassadors@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/D4YELU2DXMZ75PGELUOKXXMFF3FH45XA/ a more detailed explanation].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The default protocol of [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and API counterparts has changed from http to both http and https. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14810]
* [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and its API counterparts will now search for all of the URL provided in the query. It used to be only the first 60 characters. This feature was requested fifteen years ago. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T17218]

'''Future changes'''
* There is an experiment with a [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin. This is to show users where the information is coming from when they read information from Wikipedia. It has been tested by Wikimedia Foundation staff and other Wikimedians. Soon all ChatGPT plugin users can use the Wikipedia plugin. This is the same plugin which was mentioned in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Tech News 2023/20]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI]
* There is an ongoing discussion on a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|proposed Third-party resources policy]]. The proposal will impact the use of third-party resources in gadgets and userscripts. Based on the ideas received so far, policy includes some of the risks related to user scripts and gadgets loading third-party resources, some best practices and exemption requirements such as code transparency and inspectability. Your feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome until July 17, 2023 on [[m:Talk:Third-party resources policy|on the policy talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W28&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:54, 10 Silimin gɔli July 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25278797 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-29&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W29&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] We are now serving 1% of all global user traffic from [[:en:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] (you can [[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more technical details]]). We are planning to increment this percentage regularly. You can [[phab:T290536|follow the progress of this work]]. 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System_message|system messages]] will now look for available local fallbacks, instead of always using the default fallback defined by software. This means wikis no longer need to override each language on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback_languages|fallback chain]] separately. For example, English Wikipedia doesn't have to create &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;en-ca&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;en-gb&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; subpages with a transclusion of the base pages anymore. This makes it easier to maintain local overrides. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T229992]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;action=growthsetmentorstatus&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; API will be deprecated with the new MediaWiki version. Bots or scripts calling that API should use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;action=growthmanagementorlist&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; API now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321503]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W29&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:08, 17 Silimin gɔli July 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25289122 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-30&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W30&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]]   On July 18, the Wikimedia Foundation launched a survey about the [[:mw:Technical_decision_making|technical decision making process]] for people who do technical work that relies on software that is maintained by the Foundation or affiliates. If this applies to you, [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/885471 please take part in the survey]. The survey will be open for three weeks, until August 7. You can find more information in [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/Q7DUCFA75DXG3G2KHTO7CEWMLCYTSDB2/|the announcement e-mail on wikitech-l]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W30&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:20, 25 Silimin gɔli July 2023 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
[[File:Noun Scroll 308110.svg|180px|right]]
''This newsletter combines content from both June and July, due to a delay in sharing out the previous newsletter.''

'''Updates:''' 
* '''New Movement Charter content published:''' The Committee published new draft chapters on the [[m:Movement Charter/Content/Global Council|'''Global''' '''Council''']], [[m:Movement Charter/Content/Hubs|'''Hubs''']] and the [[m:Movement Charter/Content/Glossary|'''Glossary''']]. You are invited to share your feedback or ask any questions you may have to the Committee before September 1, 2023 on the following talk pages:
** [[m:Talk:Movement Charter/Content/Global Council|Share your feedback on The Global Council draft]] 
** [[m:Talk:Movement Charter/Content/Hubs|Share your feedback on Hubs draft]] 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Content/One-page draft|'''Revised draft chapters published on Meta:''']] The Committee has shared the revised draft chapters: [[m:Movement Charter/Content/One-page draft#Preamble|Preamble]], [[m:Movement Charter/Content/One-page draft#Values &amp; Principles|Values &amp; Principles]], and [[m:Movement Charter/Content/One-page draft#Roles &amp; Responsibilities|Roles &amp; Responsibilities]] intentions statement. These revisions are based on the [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation#November-December 2022 consultation|community feedback]] received in November-December 2022. 
* [[m:wmfblog:2023/06/02/how-will-the-wikimedia-movement-ratify-its-charter/|'''Ratification Methodology community feedback:''']] The summary of community feedback on the proposed methodology for the ratification of the Charter is on Diff. 

* Listen to the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jy_IQ_G1wEI '''WikiAfrica Hour #46: Africa and Movement Charter'''], where MCDC members [[m:User:Anass Sedrati|Anass Sedrati]] and [[m:User:Geugeor-WMF|Georges Foudoup]]  talk about Movement Charter, its aims and objectives, and the relevance to the African community. 
* MCDC member’s are busy participating in various community events to discuss Movement Charter. [[m:User:Manavpreet Kaur|Manavpreet Kaur]], a member of the Global Council and Roles and Responsibilities Drafting Groups [[m:EduWiki Conference 2023/Program/MCDC|joined the EduWikiConference 2023]].  The MCDC support staff [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|Ramzy Muliawan]] shared updates about the charter at [[m:WikiNusantara 2023|WikiNustantara 2023]] in Banjarmasin, Indonesia ([https://twitter.com/wikimediaid/status/1659772318913294336 @wikimediaid on Twitter]). The Wikimedia communities in Indonesia were engaged by [[m:Grants:Project/MSIG/Arcuscloud/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program|Movement Charter Ambassador]] [[m:User:Arcuscloud|Arcuscloud]] in the [[m:Grants:Project/MSIG/Arcuscloud/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program|last round of community conversations]]. 

* [[m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Updates#May 2023|'''Learn about MCDC’s work in May &amp; June:''']] as usual, the update includes information about the meetings held by the Committee in this month, as well as about the work that was completed and the ongoing work &amp; discussions. 

'''What’s coming up?''' 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation#MCDC Live Launch Party|'''Join the live launch party''']]: The Drafting Committee is hosting a launch party on July 30th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1690725614 14.00 UTC] to celebrate the new drafts, introduce them to the community and give space for sharing thoughts and feedback. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZYsdOiurT0vHta6stHaiHHEyrwK3RUPveBR#/registration '''Register here to receive a Zoom link to the launch party.'''] 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Ambassadors Program/Grant|'''Movement Charter Community Conversation grants''']] are open for individuals or groups who want to organize conversations about the Charter content. Talk to us if you need any support on [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/c/ensure-equity-in-decision-making/movement-charter-ambassadors/38 the MS Forum]! Apply for a grant before Jul 30, 2023. 
* [[m:wmania:2023:Wikimania|'''Wikimania 2023''']]''':''' Wikimania 2023: Members of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee are excited to be attending Wikimania Singapore in August, to speak to and hear from you in person (and hybrid) about the four drafts and the Charter in general.
* '''Community events:''' MCDC members will be present in the [[m:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2023|CEE Meeting]] in September in Georgia to discuss the Charter content with the CEE and CA communities. In addition, the MCDC prioritizes participation in the conferences planned for 2023 to continue conversations on the content of the Charter with the communities: [[m:WikiConvention francophone/2023|WikiConvention Francophone]], [[m:WikiWomenCamp 2023|WikiWomen Camp]],  [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2023|WikiIndaba Morocco]], [[m:wikiconference:2023/Main_Page|WikiConference North America]], [[m:GLAM Wiki 2023|GLAM Wiki Conference]], among others.

''Subscribe to this newsletter [[m:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Newsletter|on Meta wiki]]''
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

--12:25, 30 Silimin gɔli July 2023 (GMT).
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-31&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Synchronizer|Synchronizer]] tool is now available to keep Lua modules synced across Wikimedia wikis, along with [[mw:Multilingual Templates and Modules|updated documentation]] to develop global Lua modules and templates.
* The tag filter on [[{{#special:NewPages}}]] and revision history pages can now be inverted. For example, you can hide edits that were made using an automated tool. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334337][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334338]
* The Wikipedia [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin experiment can now be used by ChatGPT users who can use plugins. You can participate in a [[:m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future Audiences#Announcing monthly Future Audiences open &quot;office hours&quot;|video call]] if you want to talk about this experiment or similar work. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI]

'''Problems'''
* It was not possible to generate a PDF for pages with non-Latin characters in the title, for the last two weeks. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342442]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Tuesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-kawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kaawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-knwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kshwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kwwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308135] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W31&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:54, 31 Silimin gɔli July 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25362228 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-32&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Mobile Web editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile_contributions#August_1,_2023_-_Full-page_editing_added_on_mobile|edit a whole page at once]]. To use this feature, turn on &quot;{{int:Mobile-frontend-mobile-option-amc}}&quot; in your settings and use the &quot;{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}&quot; button in the &quot;{{int:Minerva-page-actions-overflow}}&quot; menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203151]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W32&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:21, 7 Silimin gɔli August 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25420038 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter: August 2023&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
'''Updates'''
* '''Community consultation''': The community consultation on the [[m:Special:MyLanguages/Movement_Charter/Content/Global_Council|Global Council]], [[m:Special:MyLanguages/Movement_Charter/Content/Hubs|Hubs]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguages/Movement_Charter/Content/Glossary|Glossary]] drafts is ongoing. We value your input, if you have not already, please take a moment to review the draft chapters and share your thoughts with the MCDC. We’ve posed open questions we would like your opinion on. Feel free to engage in a way that is most comfortable for you and your community. Learn more on our Diff blogs about the [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/07/13/a-global-council-for-our-movement/ Global Council] and [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/07/27/building-wikimedia-movement-hubs-together/ Hubs]. 
* '''Launch Party''': On July 30 we hosted a Launch Party to share the Global Council and Hubs draft chapters. It was an inspiring event where we had the opportunity to listen to your feedback and address some of your questions. If you missed it, you can catch the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SItWeX78tv8&amp;list=LL&amp;index=4 recording on YouTube].
* '''Community Conversations''': We want to hear from as many people as possible. On July 16, the SWAN meeting opened its doors and offered an opportunity to interact with the MCDC members regarding the new drafts of the charter. [[m:Strategic_Wikimedia_Affiliates_Network/2023_07#Notes|Notes are available here]]. On July 28, a regional conversation with the Francophone community was held. Here comes a [[m:Talk:Movement_Charter/Content/Global_Council#Summary_of_the_feedback_from_the_francophone_conversation|short summary here in English and French]]. Additionally, on August 2 we had a fruitful conversation with the [[m:Talk:Movement_Charter/Content/Hubs#Summary_from_2_August_call|LATAM region]]. 
* '''[[m:Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Updates#July_2023|MCDC’s Work in July]]''': As usual, the update includes information about the meetings held by the Committee in this month, as well as about the work that was completed and the ongoing work &amp; discussions. 

'''Upcoming'''
* '''Join the MCDC at Wikimania''': Whether you’ll be at Wikimania 2023 in person or joining virtually, there are a few events that we would like to invite you to. Please drop by for a casual conversation. We would love to connect to workshop any ideas together. Drop in, get a sweet treat, and share your thoughts with us! [https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/2023:Registration Register] and see below for an overview of our time together: 
** Tuesday, August 15
*** {{zonestamp|2023-08-15 02:00|02:00 UTC}}: [https://pretalx.com/wm2023/talk/UVKSKQ/ '''Movement Strategy &amp; Governance Connection track - Welcome and opening'''] (Room 325)
*** {{zonestamp|2023-08-15 05:45|05:45 UTC}}: [https://pretalx.com/wm2023/talk/FJCXUP/ '''Movement Charter Drafting Committee: Open office hour'''] (Room 326)
** Wednesday, August 16
*** {{zonestamp|2023-08-16 03:15|03:15 UTC}}: [https://pretalx.com/wm2023/talk/EYGDHC/ '''Role Play the Future Roles and Responsibilities in the Movement'''] (Room 326)
** Thursday, 17 August
*** {{zonestamp|2023-08-17 03:15|03:15 UTC}}: [https://pretalx.com/wm2023/talk/AWXHMA/ '''Movement Charter Content Discussions'''] (Room 310)
* A '''[[m:Special:MyLanguages/Movement_Charter/Community_Consultation#Regional_conversation:_Middle_East_and_North_Africa|regional call tailored for the MENA region]]''' will be conducted in Arabic on September 2 at 17.00 UTC. Kindly indicate your interest to attend this meeting.  
''Subscribe to this newsletter [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Newsletter|on Meta-wiki]]''
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

MCDC Support Team, 23:53, 14 Silimin gɔli August 2023 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-33&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Content translation system is no longer using Youdao's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation|machine translation service]]. The service was in place for several years, but due to no usage, and availability of alternatives, it was deprecated to reduce maintenance overheads. Other services which cover the same languages are still available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329137]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ladwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lezwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lfnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-liwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lijwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lmowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ltgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-maiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-map_bmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mdfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kywiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308136] &lt;!-- TODO replace wiki codes --&gt;

'''Future changes'''
* A few gadgets/user scripts which add icons to the Minerva skin need to have their CSS updated. There are more details available including a [[phab:T344067|search for all existing instances and how to update them]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W33&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 05:59, 15 Silimin gɔli August 2023 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-34&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [https://gdrive-to-commons.toolforge.org/ GDrive to Commons Uploader] tool is now available. It enables [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GDrive to Commons Uploader|securely selecting and uploading files]] from your Google Drive directly to Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267868]
* From now on, we will announce new Wikimedia wikis in Tech News, so you can update any tools or pages.
** Since the last edition, two new wikis have been created:
*** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q7121294|Pa'O]] ([[wikt:blk:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:blk:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343540]
*** a Wikisource in [[d:Q34002|Sundanese]] ([[s:su:|&lt;code&gt;s:su:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343539]
** To catch up, the next most recent six wikis are:
*** Wikifunctions ([[f:|&lt;code&gt;f:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275945]
*** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[wikt:btm:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:btm:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335216]
*** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q5555465|Ghanaian Pidgin]] ([[w:gpe:|&lt;code&gt;w:gpe:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335969]
*** a Wikinews in [[d:Q3111668|Gungbe]] ([[n:guw:|&lt;code&gt;n:guw:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334394]
*** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q33522|Kabardian]] ([[wikt:kbd:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:kbd:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333266]
*** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35570|Fante]] ([[w:fat:|&lt;code&gt;w:fat:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335016]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There is an existing [[mw:Stable interface policy|stable interface policy]] for MediaWiki backend code. There is a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Stable interface policy/frontend|proposed stable interface policy for frontend code]]. This is relevant for anyone who works on gadgets or Wikimedia frontend code. You can read it, discuss it, and let the proposer know if there are any problems. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W34&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

15:25, 21 Silimin gɔli August 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25497111 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-35&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diff handling of paragraph splits]], improved detection of splits is being rolled out. Over the last two weeks, we deployed this support to [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Groups|group0]] and group1 wikis. This week it will be deployed to group2 wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341754]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] All [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] pages now show the user's local edit count and the account's creation date. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324166]
* Wikisource users can now use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;prpbengalicurrency&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; label to denote Bengali currency characters as page numbers inside the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pagelist&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; tag.  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268932]
* Two preferences have been relocated. The preference &quot;{{int:visualeditor-preference-visualeditor}}&quot; is now shown on the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|&quot;{{int:prefs-editing}}&quot; tab]] at all wikis. Previously it was shown on the &quot;{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}&quot; tab at some wikis. The preference &quot;{{int:visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-enable}}&quot; is now also shown on the &quot;{{int:prefs-editing}}&quot; tab at all wikis, instead of the &quot;{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}&quot; tab. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335056][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344158]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-31|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] New signups for a Wikimedia developer account will start being pushed towards &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://idm.wikimedia.org/ idm.wikimedia.org]&lt;/bdi&gt;, rather than going via Wikitech. [[wikitech:IDM|Further information about the new system is available]].
* All right-to-left language wikis, plus Korean, Armenian, Ukrainian, Russian, and Bulgarian Wikipedias, will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. This feature will come to more wikis in future weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921]

'''Future changes'''
* The removal of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DoubleWiki|DoubleWiki extension]] is being discussed. This extension currently allows Wikisource users to view articles from multiple language versions side by side when the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;=&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; symbol next to a specific language edition is selected. Comments on this are welcomed at [[phab:T344544|the phabricator task]].
* A proposal has been made to merge the second hidden-categories list (which appears below the wikitext editing form) with the main list of categories (which is further down the page). [[phab:T340606|More information is available on Phabricator]]; feedback is welcome!

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W35&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 14:00, 28 Silimin gɔli August 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25510866 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-36&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[m:Wikisource_EditInSequence|EditInSequence]], a feature that allows users to edit pages faster on Wikisource has been moved to a Beta Feature based on community feedback. To enable it, you can navigate to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features tab in Preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Generate Audio for IPA|Generate Audio for IPA]] and [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|Audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposals, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player mode]] of [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] has been deployed to all projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763]
* There is a new option for Administrators when they are changing the usergroups for a user, to add the user’s user page to their watchlist. This works both via [[{{#special:UserRights}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272294]
* One new wiki has been created:
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34318|Talysh]] ([[w:tly:|&lt;code&gt;w:tly:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345166]
'''Problems'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:LoginNotify|LoginNotify extension]] was not sending notifications since January. It has now been fixed, so going forward, you may see notifications for failed login attempts, and successful login attempts from a new device. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344785]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-mhrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-miwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-minwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mtwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mwlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-myvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mznwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-napwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ndswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nds_nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-novwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nqowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nrmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nsowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ocwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-olowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-omwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-orwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-oswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pagwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-papwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pcdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pdcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pflwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pihwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pnbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pntwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pswiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308137][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308138]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W36&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:33, 4 Silimin gɔli September 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25566983 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-37&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES]], the revision evaluation service, is now using a new open-source infrastructure on all wikis except for English Wikipedia and Wikidata. These two will follow this week. If you notice any unusual results from the Recent Changes filters that are related to ORES (for example, &quot;{{int:ores-rcfilters-damaging-title}}&quot; and &quot;{{int:ores-rcfilters-goodfaith-title}}&quot;), please [[mw:Talk:Machine Learning|report them]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342115]
* When you are logged in on one Wikimedia wiki and visit a different Wikimedia wiki, the system tries to log you in there automatically. This has been unreliable for a long time. You can now visit the login page to make the system try extra hard. If you feel that made logging in better or worse than it used to be, your feedback is appreciated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326281]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Technical decision making|Technical Decision-Making Forum Retrospective]] team invites anyone involved in the technical field of Wikimedia projects to signup to and join [[mw:Technical decision making/Listening Sessions|one of their listening sessions]] on 13 September. Another date will be scheduled later. The goal is to improve the technical decision-making processes.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|Better diff handling of paragraph splits]] wishlist proposal, the inline switch widget in diff pages is being rolled out this week to all wikis. The inline switch will allow viewers to toggle between a unified inline or two-column diff wikitext format. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336716]

'''Future changes'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on 20 September. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263]
* The Enterprise API is launching a new feature called &quot;[http://breakingnews-beta.enterprise.wikimedia.com/ breaking news]&quot;. Currently in BETA, this attempts to identify likely &quot;newsworthy&quot; topics as they are currently being written about in any Wikipedia. Your help is requested to improve the accuracy of its detection model, especially on smaller language editions, by recommending templates or identifiable editing patterns. See more information at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/Breaking news|the documentation page]] on MediaWiki or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#What is Breaking News|the FAQ]] on Meta.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W37&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:08, 11 Silimin gɔli September 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25589064 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2023 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue VIII, August 2023&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos in Albania and Kosovo
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Highlights on Wikimania 2023
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Armenia report|Armenia report]]: Wikimedia Armenia GLAM projects in August
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Activities in Belgium September-December 2023
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: 4 new GLAM-Wiki partnerships and uploads from several institutions
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: Wiki-Wednesdays: Digital Literacy for GLAM workers 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Summer does not stop the wiki collaborations
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: The Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos in Albania and Kosovo; Wiki Loves Earth in Albania and Kosovo
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Public sculpture photo trail: documenting Auckland sculptures in Wikidata; Aotearoa's Wikimedia Laureate
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Presentation for school librarians at Wikiteka, Ongoing projects
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: A month in the shine of Wikidata and new cooperation
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Showcasing collaboration with the Nordic Museum at Wikimania 2023; Working with Swedish folk high schools
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programm
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Islamic art exhibitions and heritage innovation
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Great North American Wiknic
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Wikidocumentaries to import images from the web to Structured Data on Commons – a Google Summer of Code project
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Hub updates at Wikimania 2023; Supporting Wiki Loves Monuments teams
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: Open call: OpenRefine-Wikimedia train-the-trainer course, November 2023-April 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: Looking back, looking ahead
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/WREN at Wikimania report|WREN at Wikimania report]]: Wikimedians in Residence Exchange Network at Wikimania Singapore
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11:01, 12 Silimin gɔli September 2023 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-38&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W38&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki now has a [[mw:Stable interface policy/frontend|stable interface policy for frontend code]] that more clearly defines how we deprecate MediaWiki code and wiki-based code (e.g. gadgets and user scripts). Thank you to everyone who contributed to the content and discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346467][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263]
* All wikis will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The team investigating the Graph Extension posted [[mw:Extension:Graph/Plans#Proposal|a proposal for reenabling it]] and they need your input.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W38&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:19, 18 Silimin gɔli September 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25623533 --&gt;

== Organizer Tools Office Hours &amp; Event Discovery Project ==

('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/fr|Lire ce message en français]])'''; ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/es|Ver este mensaje en español]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/sw|Angalia ujumbe huu kwa Kiswahili]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/ar|إقرأ هذه الرسالة بالعربي]]''') &lt;small&gt; {{int:please-translate}} &lt;/small&gt;.

[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team|The Campaigns team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation has some updates to share with you, which are:

We invite you to attend our upcoming community office hours to learn about organizer tools, including the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration|Event registration tool]] (which has [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#September 18, 2023: October office hours &amp; upcoming features|new and upcoming features]]). '''The office hours are on the following dates, and you can join one or both of them:'''

*'''Saturday, October 7 at 12:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session A|Register here]]''')   
**Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Swahili
*'''Tuesday, October 10 at 18:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session B|Register here]]'''). 
**Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Swahili

'''We have launched a new project: [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|Event Discovery]]'''.  This project aims to make it easier for editors to learn about campaign events. '''We need your help to understand how you would like to discover events on the wikis, so that we can create a useful solution. Please share your feedback on our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|project talk page]]'''.

; Thank you, and we hope to see you at the upcoming office hours! 
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]])   19:54, 24 Silimin gɔli September 2023 (GMT)

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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-39&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W39&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Vector 2022 skin will now remember the pinned/unpinned status for the Table of Contents for all logged-out users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316060]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mediawiki.ui&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; modules are now deprecated as part of the move to Vue.js and Codex. There is a [[mw:Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. More [[phab:T346468|details are available in the task]] and your questions are welcome there.
* Gadget definitions will have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new &quot;namespaces&quot; option]]. The option takes a list of namespace IDs. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages in the given namespaces.

'''Future changes'''
* New variables will be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]]: &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;global_account_groups&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;global_account_editcount&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. They are available only when an account is being created. You can use them to prevent blocking automatic creation of accounts when users with many edits elsewhere visit your wiki for the first time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345632][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Rules_format]

'''Meetings'''
* You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1698426015 27 October at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Office_Hours#October_2023|details and how to join]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W39&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:51, 26 Silimin gɔli September 2023 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-40&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W40&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There is a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-advancedrendering|user preference]] for &quot;{{int:tog-forcesafemode}}&quot;. This setting will make pages load without including any on-wiki JavaScript or on-wiki stylesheet pages. It can be useful for debugging broken JavaScript gadgets. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342347]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget definitions now have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new &quot;&lt;var&gt;contentModels&lt;/var&gt;&quot; option]]. The option takes a list of page content models, like &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;wikitext&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;css&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages with the given content models.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.29|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Vector 2022 skin will no longer use the custom styles and scripts of Vector legacy (2010). The change will be made later this year or in early 2024. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|how to adjust the CSS and JS pages on your wiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331679]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W40&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:27, 3 Silimin gɔli October 2023 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-41&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W41&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33291|Fon]] ([[w:fon:|&lt;code&gt;w:fon:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347935]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-warwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xalwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xmfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zeawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zh_min_nanwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zuwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308139]
* At some wikis, newcomers are suggested images from Commons to add to articles without any images. Starting on Tuesday, newcomers at these wikis will be able to add images to unillustrated article sections. The specific wikis are listed under &quot;Images recommendations&quot; [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment table|at the Growth team deployment table]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add an image|learn more about this feature.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345940]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In the mobile web skin (Minerva) the CSS ID &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#page-actions&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will be replaced with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#p-views&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. This change is to make it consistent with other skins and to improve support for gadgets and extensions in the mobile skin. A few gadgets may need to be updated; there are [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348267 details and search-links in the task].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W41&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 14:39, 9 Silimin gɔli October 2023 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': September 2023 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue IX, September 2023&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Disseminating open culture
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Amazonia on Wiki
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Wikidata and the editing of Ibero-American scientific journals
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/France report|France report]]: Celebrating Rugby Herstory and History in Toulouse; Les Lorraines sans pages
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/India report|India report]]: Wikimedia Commons Contest connects Pune citizens with the rivers Mula &amp; Mutha
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: 10,000 institutions on the Wikimedia projects
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: West Coast Wikipedian at Large
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki educational activities
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: With multiple events, September was a busy month for Wikimedia Portugal 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Wikipedia in education; Continuation at Swedish folk high schools; Wikipedians at the Bookfair
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A new WIR and a very old book
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikimedia New York City Election 2023; San Diego/September 2023; Climate Change and Food Safety
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: OpenRefine and Wikimedia Commons: train the trainer course participants and two surveys
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: European photo contest finalists, Local Contexts Wikiproject at GLAMhack
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Wikisource Loves Manuscripts, ICOM outreach, Flickr Foundation partnership, OpenRefine adoption, new sources in The Wikipedia Library, Image Description Month events, and the GLAM Wiki Conference
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: October's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 15:02, 11 Silimin gɔli October 2023 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-42&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W42&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|Unified login]] system's edge login should now be fixed for some browsers (Chrome, Edge, Opera). This means that if you visit a new sister project wiki, you should be logged in automatically without the need to click &quot;Log in&quot; or reload the page. Feedback on whether it's working for you is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347889]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/Edit_notice|Edit notices]] are now available within the MobileFrontend/Minerva skin. This feature was inspired by [[w:en:Wikipedia:EditNoticesOnMobile|the gadget on English Wikipedia]]. See more details in [[phab:T316178|T316178]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* In 3 weeks, in the Vector 2022 skin, code related to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;addPortletLink&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#p-namespaces&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; that was deprecated one year ago will be removed. If you notice tools that should appear next to the &quot;Discussion&quot; tab are then missing, please tell the gadget's maintainers to see [[phab:T347907|instructions in the Phabricator task]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W42&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:47, 16 Silimin gɔli October 2023 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-43&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W43&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language engineering/Newsletter/2023/October|Language and internationalization newsletter]], written quarterly. It contains updates on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects, and related support work.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Source map support has been enabled on all wikis. When you open the debugger in your browser's developer tools, you should be able to see the unminified JavaScript source code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T47514]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W43&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:16, 23 Silimin gɔli October 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25782286 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-44&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W44&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Structured Content team, as part of its project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]], made some UX improvements to the upload step of choosing own vs not own work ([[phab:T347590|T347590]]), as well as to the licensing step for own work ([[phab:T347756|T347756]]).
* The Design Systems team has released version 1.0.0 of [[wmdoc:codex/latest/|Codex]], the new design system for Wikimedia. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design_Systems_Team/Announcing_Codex_1.0|full announcement about the release of Codex 1.0.0]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Listings on category pages are sorted on each wiki for that language using a [[:w:en:International Components for Unicode|library]]. For a brief period on 2 November, changes to categories will not be sorted correctly for many languages. This is because the developers are upgrading to a new version of the library. They will then use a script to fix the existing categories. This will take a few hours or a few days depending on how big the wiki is. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Technical Operations/ICU announcement|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345561][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267145] 
* Starting November 1, the impact module (Special:Impact) will be upgraded by the Growth team. The new impact module shows newcomers more data regarding their impact on the wiki. It was tested by a few wikis during the last few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203]

'''Future changes'''
* There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans#Roadmap|a proposed plan]] for re-enabling the Graph Extension. You can help by reviewing this proposal and [[mw:Extension_talk:Graph/Plans#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20231020221600-Update:_20_October|sharing what you think about it]].
* The WMF is working on making it possible for administrators to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration_2.0|edit MediaWiki configuration directly]]. This is similar to previous work on Special:EditGrowthConfig. [[phab:T349757|A technical RfC is running until November 08, where you can provide feedback.]] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W44&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:21, 30 Silimin gɔli October 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25801989 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-45&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W45&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* In the Vector 2022 skin, the default font-size of a number of navigational elements (tagline, tools menu, navigational links, and more) has been increased slightly to match the font size used in page content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346062]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, there was a problem displaying some recent edits on [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist a few wikis], for 1-6 hours. The edits were saved but not immediately shown. This was due to a database problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350443]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The Growth team will reassign newcomers from former mentors to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured mentor list|the currently active mentors]]. They have also changed the notification language to be more user-friendly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330071][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327493]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W45&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:06, 6 Silimin gɔli November 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25838105 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': October 2023 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue X, October 2023&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Celebrating Wikipedia's 20th Birthday in Albanian Language
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Content, resources and platforms for open access!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: October Report
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Monuments Brasil 2023 and Open Midiateca
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Open Access Week and Wikidata; Opening Culture and Heritage training
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Côte d'Ivoire report|Côte d'Ivoire report]]: Wikimedia Côte d'Ivoire and Apsid-ci collaboration for Glam
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: Looong summer is over 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Great first results in State Regional Archives and Wikiresident Group coworking
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Ireland report|Ireland report]]: Wikimedia Community Ireland Host WikiWomen Partner Meeting at Dublin's historical Port
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Results of funded projects within Call GLAM 2023
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Wiki Loves Fashion in the Netherlands
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Biodiversity Information Standards Conference 2023 (TDWG2023) and the Entomological Collection Network Meeting (ECN2023) 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: WikiMatejko, Internships, Open Heritage, folk costumes
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Open Access Week celebrations and an edit-a-thon to increase the visibility of black lusophone communities
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Dynamic October in Serbia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/South Africa report|South Africa report]]: Edit-a-thon for Librarians at the annual Library and Information Association of South Africa 2023 Conference
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Wikipedia for all of Sweden; Museums and Wikidata – why and how?; Photo memories from Stockholm and Rome; Negotiating Knowledge on Wikipedia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programm
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Good omens for a rosy future
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Women in Environmental Justice; October WikiSalon
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: AvoinGLAM joins the long-awaited GLAM Wiki 2023
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Let's Connect
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: Learning and sharing
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report|Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report]]: The Wikimedia and Libraries AI Salons
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: November's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 03:14, 11 Silimin gɔli November 2023 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=25792228 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-46&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W46&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Four new wikis have been created:
** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q7598268|Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[w:zgh:|&lt;code&gt;w:zgh:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350216]
** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35159|Dagaare]] ([[w:dga:|&lt;code&gt;w:dga:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350218]
** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q33017|Toba Batak]] ([[w:bbc:|&lt;code&gt;w:bbc:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350320]
** a Wikiquote in [[d:Q33151|Banjar]] ([[q:bjn:|&lt;code&gt;q:bjn:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350217]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, users who previously visited Meta-Wiki or Wikimedia Commons and then became logged out on those wikis could not log in again. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350695]
* Last week, some pop-up dialogs and menus were shown with the wrong font size. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350544]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* Reference Previews are coming to many wikis as a default feature. They are popups for references, similar to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|You can opt out]] of seeing them. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews. [[phab:T282999|Deployment]] is planned for November 22, 2023. 
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Canary (also known as heartbeat) events will be produced into [https://stream.wikimedia.org/?doc#/streams Wikimedia event streams] from December 11. Streams users are advised to filter out these events, by discarding all events where &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;meta.domain == &quot;canary&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Updates to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] or [https://github.com/ChlodAlejandro/wikimedia-streams wikimedia-streams] will discard these events by default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266798]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W46&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:52, 13 Silimin gɔli November 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25859263 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-47&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W47&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-quwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_rupwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_tarawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rwwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-satwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-shwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-siwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-skwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-slwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-smwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-suwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-szlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tcywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tetwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-towiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tpiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ttwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-twwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tyvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-udmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-uzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vecwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vepwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vlswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vowiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308141][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308142][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308143] 
* The Vector 2022 skin will have some minor visual changes to drop-down menus, column widths, and more. These changes were added to four Wikipedias last week. If no issues are found, these changes will proceed to all wikis this week. These changes will make it possible to add new menus for readability and dark mode. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates#November_2023:_Visual_changes,_more_deployments,_and_shifting_focus|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347711]

'''Future changes'''
* There is [[mw:Extension talk:Graph/Plans#Update: 15 November|an update on re-enabling the Graph Extension]]. To speed up the process, Vega 2 will not be supported and only [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335325 some protocols] will be available at launch. You can help by sharing what you think about the plan.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W47&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:55, 21 Silimin gɔli November 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25884616 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-48&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W48&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki's JavaScript system will now allow &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;async&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;await&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; syntax in gadgets and user scripts. Gadget authors should remember that users' browsers may not support it, so it should be used appropriately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343499]
* The deployment of &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a link]]&quot; announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|last week]] was postponed. It will resume this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W48&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:09, 27 Silimin gɔli November 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25906379 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-49&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W49&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The spacing between paragraphs on Vector 2022 has been changed from 7px to 14px to match the size of the text. This will make it easier to distinguish paragraphs from sentences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T351754]
* The &quot;{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}&quot; feature in VisualEditor is working again. You no longer need to switch to source editing to edit &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; keywords. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* On 6 December, people who have the enabled the preference for &quot;{{int:Discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot; will notice the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|talk page usability improvements]] appear on pages that include the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__NEWSECTIONLINK__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; magic word. If you notice any issues, please [[phab:T352232|share them with the team on Phabricator]].

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge [[wikitech:News/Toolforge Grid Engine deprecation|Grid Engine shutdown process]] will start on December 14. Maintainers of [[toolforge:grid-deprecation|tools that still use this old system]] should plan to migrate to Kubernetes, or tell the team your plans on Phabricator in the task about your tool, before that date. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/VIWWQKMSQO2ED3TVUR7KPPWRTOBYBVOA/]
* Communities using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions|Structured Discussions]] are being contacted regarding [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|the upcoming deprecation of Structured Discussions]]. You can read more about this project, and share your comments, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|on the project's page]].

'''Events'''
* Registration &amp; Scholarship applications are now open for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2024|Wikimedia Hackathon 2024]] that will take place from 3–5 May in Tallinn, Estonia. Scholarship applications are open until 5 January 2024.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W49&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:50, 4 Silimin gɔli December 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25914435 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': November 2023 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue XI, November 2023&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Three-months of Wikimedian in Residence at the Qemal Baholli Public Library in Albania 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: New partners in Rio and GLAM WikiCon
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: WCNA 2023: an key event for North American users
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Wiki GLAM Conf and Bogotá Libraries Meeting
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/France report|France report]]: Edit-a-thon Le retour de la momie
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Record edition of Wiki Loves Monuments in Italy
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Share your Data course, history month, REBOOT! and Dutch Public Domain Day event
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Summer students at Auckland Museum
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki Conference, WikiMatejko
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Catalan culture and showcasing Wikimedia on both side of the Atlantic
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Wikipedians in Residence, GLAM Wiki Conference
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: National Historical Museums of Sweden contributions; Photo memories from all over the world engage the community; Museum of medieval photo safari
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Fifty article milestone
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: AvoinGLAM at GLAM Wiki 2023
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: 3,000 medical images on Wikimedia Commons through the Helpdesk
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: 2023 Living Heritage elements are added to Wiki Loves Living Heritage
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: December's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 08:40, 11 Silimin gɔli December 2023 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=25925124 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-50&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W50&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* On Wikimedia Commons, there are some minor user-interface improvements for the &quot;choosing own vs not own work&quot; step in the UploadWizard. This is part of the Structured Content team's project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352707][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352709]

'''Problems'''
* There was a problem showing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Newcomer homepage|Newcomer homepage]] feature with the &quot;impact module&quot; and their page-view graphs, for a few days in early December. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352352][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352349]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=]] The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/796964 2023 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 5 January 2024, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:December_2023_Developer_Satisfaction_Survey|privacy statement]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W50&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:12, 12 Silimin gɔli December 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25945501 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-51&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W51&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translations]] are available.

'''Tech News'''
* The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 8 January 2024 because of [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|the holidays]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting December 18, it won't be possible to activate Structured Discussions on a user's own talk page using the Beta feature. The Beta feature option remains available for users who want to deactivate Structured Discussions. This is part of [[mw:Structured Discussions/Deprecation|Structured Discussions' deprecation work]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248309] 
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There will be full support for redirects in the Module namespace. The &quot;Move Page&quot; feature will leave an appropriate redirect behind, and such redirects will be appropriately recognized by the software (e.g. hidden from [[{{#special:UnconnectedPages}}]]). There will also be support for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Renaming or moving modules|manual redirects]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120794]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The MediaWiki JavaScript documentation is moving to a new format. During the move, you can read the old docs using [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/REL1_41/js/ version 1.41]. Feedback about [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/master/js/ the new site] is welcome on the [[mw:Talk:JSDoc_WMF_theme|project talk page]].
* The Wishathon is a new initiative that encourages collaboration across the Wikimedia community to develop solutions for wishes collected through the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The first community Wishathon will take place from 15–17 March. If you are interested in a project proposal as a user, developer, designer, or product lead, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WishathonMarch2024|register for the event and read more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W51&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:18, 18 Silimin gɔli December 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25959059 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-02&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W02&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [https://mediawiki2latex.wmflabs.org/ mediawiki2latex] is a tool that converts wiki content into the formats of LaTeX, PDF, ODT, and EPUB. The code now runs many times faster due to recent improvements. There is also an optional Docker container you can [[b:de:Benutzer:Dirk_Hünniger/wb2pdf/install#Using_Docker|install]] on your local machine.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The way that Random pages are selected has been updated. This will slowly reduce the problem of some pages having a lower chance of appearing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309477]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W02&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:20, 9 Silimin gɔli January 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26026251 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2023 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue XII, December 2023&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wiki Loves EuroPride in Albania 2023
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Bosnia &amp; Herzegovina report|Bosnia &amp; Herzegovina report]]: A year in review ...
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: 2023 in review 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Wiki-residents establishing meeting took place in December
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Go-ahead for Wikidata Project of GLAM institutions from Baden-Württemberg
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: WLM Local winners and funds for 2024 GLAM projects
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Auckland Museum summer updates
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Intense end to a year of GLAM-Wiki activities in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Photo memories project concludes; Sörmlands museum passes 1000 uploads to Wikimedia Commons; Wikimedian in Residence supports an upload of music content; Subject terms from Queerlit; Wikidata for authority control: 3 years of work
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Program
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: 2023 in Review
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: WikiConference North America 2023; TSU and USF; Philadelphia WikiSalon; Wikimedia DC Annual Membership Meeting; Wikipedia Editing 101 for All; NYC Hacking Night; Upstate NY workshop; Wikiquote She Said Project
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: Thank you for making Wiki Loves Living Heritage happen!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Updates and invitation to test the Commons Impact Metrics prototype 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 05:25, 13 Silimin gɔli January 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=26019095 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-03&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Pages that use the JSON [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:ContentHandler|contentmodel]] will now use tabs instead of spaces for auto-indentation. This will significantly reduce the page size. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326065]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and personal user scripts may now use JavaScript syntax introduced in ES6 (also known as &quot;ES2015&quot;) and ES7 (&quot;ES2016&quot;). MediaWiki validates the source code to protect other site functionality from syntax errors, and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browsers|supported browsers]]. Previously, Gadgets could use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;requiresES6&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; option. This option is no longer needed and will be removed in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T75714]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|Bot passwords]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|owner-only OAuth consumers]] can now be restricted to allow editing only specific pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T349957]
* You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thank]] edits made by bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341388]
* An update on the status of the Community Wishlist Survey for 2024 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Future Of The Wishlist/January 4, 2024 Update|has been published]]. Please read and give your feedback.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting on January 17, it will not be possible to login to Wikimedia wikis from some specific old versions of the Chrome browser (versions 51–66, released between 2016 and 2018). Additionally, users of iOS 12, or Safari on Mac OS 10.14, may need to login to each wiki separately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344791]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;jquery.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; module was deprecated and replaced with the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mediawiki.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; module last year. A script has now been run to replace any remaining uses, and this week the temporary alias will be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354966]

'''Future changes'''
* Wikimedia Deutschland is working to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. They are looking for people who are interested in participating in [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ individual video calls for user research in January and February].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W03&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:13, 16 Silimin gɔli January 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26074460 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-04&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* A bug in UploadWizard prevented linking to the userpage of the uploader when uploading. It has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354529]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W04&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:04, 23 Silimin gɔli January 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26096197 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-05&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Starting Monday January 29, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they are looking for, even if this comment was moved elsewhere. This will affect all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. You can read more about this change [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/ on Diff] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk_pages_permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]].&lt;!-- The Diff post will be published on Monday morning UTC--&gt; [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302011]
* There are some improvements to the CAPTCHA to make it harder for spam bots and scripts to bypass it. If you have feedback on this change, please comment on [[phab:T141490|the task]]. Staff are monitoring metrics related to the CAPTCHA, as well as secondary metrics such as account creations and edit counts.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] On February 1, a link will be added to the &quot;Tools&quot; menu to download a [[w:en:QR code|QR code]] that links to the page you are viewing. There will also be a new [[{{#special:QrCode}}]] page to create QR codes for any Wikimedia URL. This addresses the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Mobile and apps/Add ability to share QR code for a page in any Wikimedia project|#19 most-voted wish]] from the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329973]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] which only work in some skins have sometimes used the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;targets&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; option to limit where you can use them. This will stop working this week. You should use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;skins&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; option instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328497]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W05&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:31, 29 Silimin gɔli January 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26137870 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-06&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
*The mobile site history pages now use the same HTML as the desktop history pages. If you hear of any problems relating to mobile history usage please point them to [[phab:T353388|the phabricator task]].
*On most wikis, admins can now block users from making specific actions. These actions are: uploading files, creating new pages, moving (renaming) pages, and sending thanks. The goal of this feature is to allow admins to apply blocks that are adequate to the blocked users' activity. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Partial blocks#action-blocks|Learn more about &quot;action blocks&quot;]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T242541][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280531]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Talk pages permalinks that included diacritics and non-Latin script were malfunctioning. This issue is fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356199]

'''Future changes'''
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#24WPs|24 Wikipedias]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference_Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] as a default gadget are encouraged to remove that default flag. This would make [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference_Previews|Reference Previews]] the new default for reference popups, leading to a more consistent experience across wikis. For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#46WPs|46 Wikipedias]] with less than 4 interface admins, the change is already scheduled for mid-February, [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference Previews to become the default for previewing references on more wikis.|unless there are concerns]]. The older Reference Tooltips gadget will still remain usable and will override this feature, if it is available on your wiki and you have enabled it in your settings. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference_Previews_to_become_the_default_for_previewing_references_on_more_wikis][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355312]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W06&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:22, 5 Silimin gɔli February 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26180971 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue I, January 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Day in Albania 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: First international public domain day celebration in Europe coming up on March 7
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: A legal infrastructure for sharing public collections in Brazil: the case of Midiateca Capixaba
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: January '24: Institute of Physics photos and Free culture discussion
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Photographing at the second half of 2023
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Documenting ASI (Archaeological Survey of India) Museums in Bihar
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Public Domain Day &amp; Monumental Moments
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Aotearoa Wikipedian at Large, and Auckland Museum updates
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: An update on the Wikimatejko editing action and an invitation to the international community to join the action
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Unveiling Catrapilha: A ReacTive approach to GLAM content import
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Freedom of Panorama in Sweden
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Indonesian praise for an Ottoman photograph of Arabia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikipedia Day 2024; edit-a-thon; meetups
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Events! Events!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: New OpenRefine documentation for Wikimedia Commons
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: WiLMa Updates, OpenRefine training, Biodiversity, and Librarians
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 02:00, 10 Silimin gɔli February 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=26180968 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-07&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
*  The [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split experiment]] is working and loaded onto 3 test servers. The team in charge is testing the split's impact and requires feedback from WDQS users through the UI or programmatically in different channels. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata_talk:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_graph_split][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356773][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Sannita_(WMF)] Users' feedback will validate the impact of various use cases and workflows around the Wikidata Query service. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/October_2023_scaling_update][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikidata_Query_Service/User_Manual#Federation]

'''Problems'''
*There was a bug that affected the appearance of visited links when using mobile device to access wiki sites. It made the links appear black; [[phab:T356928|this issue]] is fixed.  

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] As work continues on the grid engine deprecation,[https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation] tools on the grid engine will be stopped starting on February 14th, 2024. If you have tools actively migrating you can ask for an extension so they are not stopped. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W07&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 05:49, 13 Silimin gɔli February 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26223994 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-08&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* If you have the &quot;{{int:Tog-enotifwatchlistpages}}&quot; option enabled, edits by bot accounts no longer trigger notification emails. Previously, only minor edits would not trigger the notification emails. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356984]
* There are changes to how user and site scripts load for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022| Vector 2022]] on specific wikis. The changes impacted the following Wikis: all projects with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector legacy]] as the default skin, Wikivoyage, and Wikibooks. Other wikis will be affected over the course of the next three months. Gadgets are not impacted. If you have been affected or want to minimize the impact on your project, see [[Phab:T357580| this ticket]]. Please coordinate and take action proactively.
*Newly auto-created accounts (the accounts you get when you visit a new wiki) now have the same local notification preferences as users who freshly register on that wiki. It is effected in four notification types listed in the [[phab:T353225|task's description]].
*The maximum file size when using [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload_Wizard|Upload Wizard]] is now 5 GiB. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191804]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Selected tools on the grid engine have been [[wikitech:News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation|stopped]] as we prepare to shut down the grid on March 14th, 2024. The tool's code and data have not been deleted. If you are a maintainer and you want your tool re-enabled reach out to the [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support|team]]. Only tools that have asked for extension are still running on the grid.
* The CSS &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/filter filter]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; property can now be used in HTML &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;style&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attributes in wikitext. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308160]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W08&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:37, 19 Silimin gɔli February 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26254282 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-09&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile|mobile visual editor]] is now the default editor for users who never edited before, at a small group of wikis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile/VE_mobile_default#A/B_test_results| Research ]] shows that users using this editor are slightly more successful publishing the edits they started, and slightly less successful publishing non-reverted edits. Users who defined the wikitext editor as their default on desktop will get the wikitext editor on mobile for their first edit on mobile as well. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352127]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core modules#mw.config|mw.config]] value &lt;code&gt;wgGlobalGroups&lt;/code&gt; now only contains groups that are active in the wiki. Scripts no longer have to check whether the group is active on the wiki via an API request. A code example of the above is: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;if (/globalgroupname/.test(mw.config.get(&quot;wgGlobalGroups&quot;)))&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356008]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* The right to change [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Tags|edit tags]] (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;changetags&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) will be removed from users in Wikimedia sites, keeping it by default for admins and bots only. Your community can ask to retain the old configuration on your wiki before this change happens. Please indicate in [[phab:T355639|this ticket]] to keep it for your community before the end of March 2024.
'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W09&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:23, 26 Silimin gɔli February 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26294125 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-10&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Special:Book&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; page (as well as the associated &quot;Create a book&quot; functionality) provided by the old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Collection|Collection extension]] has been removed from all Wikisource wikis, as it was broken. This does not affect the ability to download normal books, which is provided by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Wikisource|Wikisource extension]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358437]
* [[m:Wikitech|Wikitech]] now uses the next-generation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] wikitext parser by default to generate all pages in the Talk namespace.  Report any problems on the [[mw:Talk:Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Known_Issues|Known Issues discussion page]]. You can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration]] extension to control the use of Parsoid; see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration help documentation]] for more details.
* Maintenance on [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org etherpad] is completed. If you encounter any issues, please indicate in [[phab:T316421|this ticket]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] allow interface admins to create custom features with CSS and JavaScript. The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Gadget&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Gadget_definition&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; namespaces and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;gadgets-definition-edit&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; user right were reserved for an experiment in 2015, but were never used. These were visible on Special:Search and Special:ListGroupRights. The unused namespaces and user rights are now removed. No pages are moved, and no changes need to be made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T31272]
* A usability improvement to the &quot;Add a citation&quot; in Wikipedia workflow has been made, the insert button was moved to the popup header. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354847]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
*  All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233]
* The HTML markup of headings and section edit links will be changed later this year to improve accessibility. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Heading_HTML_changes|Heading HTML changes]] for details. The new markup will be the same as in the new Parsoid wikitext parser. You can test your gadget or stylesheet with the new markup if you add &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;?useparsoid=1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to your URL ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Selecting_a_parser_using_a_URL_query_string|more info]]) or turn on Parsoid read views in your user options ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Enabling_via_user_preference|more info]]).
*

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W10&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:47, 4 Silimin gɔli March 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26329807 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue II, February 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: One village, One article in Albania and Kosovo
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: On tour
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: News from Rio de Janeiro
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/France report|France report]]: Open Content Observatory letter
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Antarctic Writing Month and GLAM call
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: One Village, One Article Campaign
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: WikiProject Te Papa Research Expeditions, wrapping up the Auckland / Tāmaki Makaurau local histories project, and the Aotearoa Wikipedian at Large
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: WikiMatejko editing action; The eighth European GLAM Wiki coordinators meet up
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: SMALL GLAM SLAM Pilot 1 Rapid Grant
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Working life museums
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: National Trust, Leeds 2023, and Khalili Foundation
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Hacking Night; Seattle Meetups; Denver Huddle; Wikipedia Day LA; San Diego/February 2024; Supreme Court visit
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group February Monthly Highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Working with catalogues: a Wikidata volunteer’s perspective
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Updates on OpenRefine training and Wikisource Loves manuscripts
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 13:50, 10 Silimin gɔli March 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-11&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* After consulting with various communities, the line height of the text on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] will be increased to its previous value of 1.65. Different options for typography can also be set using the options in the menu, as needed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358498]
*The active link color in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva]] will be changed to provide more consistency with our other platforms and best practices. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358516]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Structured data|Structured data on Commons]] will no longer ask whether you want to leave the page without saving. This will prevent the “information you’ve entered may not be saved” popups from appearing when no information have been entered. It will also make file pages on Commons load faster in certain cases. However, the popups will be hidden even if information has indeed been entered. If you accidentally close the page before saving the structured data you entered, that data will be lost. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312315]

'''Future changes'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W11&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:04, 11 Silimin gɔli March 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26374013 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-12&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The notice &quot;Language links are at the top of the page&quot; that appears in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]] main menu has been removed now that users have learned the new location of the Language switcher. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T353619]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing:_Privacy_Enhancement_and_Abuse_Mitigation/IP_Info_feature|IP info feature]] displays data from Spur, an IP addresses database. Previously, the only data source for this feature was MaxMind. Now, IP info is more useful for patrollers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341395]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge Grid Engine services have been shut down after the final migration process from Grid Engine to Kubernetes. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Obsolete:Toolforge/Grid][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2022/03/14/toolforge-and-grid-engine/]
* Communities can now customize the default reasons for undeleting a page by creating [[MediaWiki:Undelete-comment-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326746]

'''Problems'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] is an interface to interactively browse a page's history. Users in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider/Developing_a_RTL-accessible_feature_in_MediaWiki_-_what_we%27ve_learned_while_creating_the_RevisionSlider|right-to-left]] languages reported RevisionSlider reacting wrong to mouse clicks. This should be fixed now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352169]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1710943200 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W12&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:39, 18 Silimin gɔli March 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26410165 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-13&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] An update was made on March 18th 2024 to how various projects load site, user JavaScript and CSS in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]]. A [[phab:T360384|checklist]] is provided for site admins to follow.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W13&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:56, 25 Silimin gɔli March 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26446209 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-14&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|reading accessibility]] beta feature will notice that the default line height for the standard and large text options has changed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359030]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation has an annual plan. The annual plan decides what the Wikimedia Foundation will work on. You can now read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product &amp; Technology OKRs#Draft Key Results|the draft key results]] for the Product and Technology department. They are suggestions for what results the Foundation wants from big technical changes from July 2024 to June 2025. You can [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|comment on the talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W14&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 03:36, 2 Silimin gɔli April 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26462933 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-15&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Web browsers can use tools called [[:w:en:Browser extension|extensions]]. There is now a Chrome extension called [[m:Future Audiences/Experiment:Citation Needed|Citation Needed]] which you can use to see if an online statement is supported by a Wikipedia article. This is a small experiment to see if Wikipedia can be used this way. Because it is a small experiment, it can only be used in Chrome in English.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit Recovery|Edit Recovery]] feature has been added to all wikis, available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user preference]]. Once you enable it, your in-progress edits will be stored in your web browser, and if you accidentally close an editing window or your browser or computer crashes, you will be prompted to recover the unpublished text. Please leave any feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Edit-recovery feature|project talk page]]. This was the #8 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey.
* Initial results of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] experiments [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#4_April_2024|have been published]]. Edit Check is now deployed as a default feature at [[phab:T342930#9538364|the wikis that tested it]]. [[mw:Talk:Edit check|Let us know]] if you want your wiki to be part of the next deployment of Edit check. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342930][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361727]
* Readers using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] on mobile will notice there has been an improvement in the line height across all typography settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359029]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* New accounts and logged-out users will get the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] as their default editor on mobile. This deployment is made at all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361134]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W15&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:37, 8 Silimin gɔli April 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26564838 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue III, March 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: WikiGap Tirana 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Art+Feminism in Australia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Belgian Public domain day and Wiki Loves Heritage awards on March 7
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: A GLAM focus on Rio de Janeiro; Archivos en vigília
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Making the public domain visible on Wikidata; In Colombia Women are historical
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: GLAM call winner projects
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: GLAMorousToHTML - a tool to list Wikipedia articles that include images from a given Commons category
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Update on Wikidata:WikiProject Te Papa research expeditions and the Wikipedian at Large
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland in March
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: More photo memories – and the community is helping out; Yearly student project
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A small problem with the Ottoman Empire
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: GLAM CSI and WikiPortraits launch and more meetups
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group March monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: GLAMorousToHTML - a tool to list Wikipedia articles that include images from a given Commons category
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: WikiLearn course for OpenRefine on Wikimedia Commons
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Learn to upload to Commons with OpenRefine and get up to date on the International Museum Day, GLAM CSI, WiLMa Network, and WikiWorkshop
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 01:56, 11 Silimin gɔli April 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=26483115 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-16&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Between 2 April and 8 April, on wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged Revisions]], the &quot;{{Int:tag-mw-reverted}}&quot; tag was not applied to undone edits. In addition, page moves, protections and imports were not autoreviewed. This problem is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361918][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361940]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#DEFAULTSORT|Default category sort keys]] will now affect categories added by templates placed in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite|footnotes]]. Previously footnotes used the page title as the default sort key even if a different default sort key was specified (category-specific sort keys already worked). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40435]
* A new variable &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;page_last_edit_age&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will be added to [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]]. It tells how many seconds ago the last edit to a page was made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T269769]

'''Future changes'''
* Volunteer developers are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Four database fields will be removed from database replicas (including [[quarry:|Quarry]]). This affects only the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;abuse_filter&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;abuse_filter_history&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; tables. Some queries might need to be updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361996]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W16&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:29, 15 Silimin gɔli April 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26564838 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-17&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Starting this week, newcomers editing Wikipedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Leveling up 3|will be encouraged]] to try structured tasks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer tasks|Structured tasks]] have been shown to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link/Experiment analysis, December 2021|improve newcomer activation and retention]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348086]
* You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|nominate your favorite tools]] for the fifth edition of the Coolest Tool Award. Nominations will be open until May 10. 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* This is the last warning that by the end of May 2024 the Vector 2022 skin will no longer share site and user scripts/styles with old Vector. For user-scripts that you want to keep using on Vector 2022, copy the contents of [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector.js]] to [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector-2022.js]]. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|more technical details]] available. Interface administrators who foresee this leading to lots of technical support questions may wish to send a mass message to your community, as was done on French Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362701]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W17&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:28, 22 Silimin gɔli April 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26647188 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-18&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''

[[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]]
* The appearance of talk pages changed for the following wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}. These wikis participated to a test, where 50% of users got the new design, for one year. As this test [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|gave positive results]], the new design is deployed on these wikis as the default design. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] (&quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot;). The deployment will happen at all wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341491]
* Seven new wikis have been created: 
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[w:bew:|&lt;code&gt;w:bew:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357866]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35708|Kusaal]] ([[w:kus:|&lt;code&gt;w:kus:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359757]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35513|Igala]] ([[w:igl:|&lt;code&gt;w:igl:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361644]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q33541|Karakalpak]] ([[wikt:kaa:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:kaa:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362135]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9228|Burmese]] ([[s:my:|&lt;code&gt;s:my:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361085]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[s:ms:|&lt;code&gt;s:ms:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363039]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q8108|Georgian]] ([[s:ka:|&lt;code&gt;s:ka:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363085]
* You can now [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Support#Early_access:_Watch_Message_Groups_on_Translatewiki.net watch message groups/projects] on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/translatewiki.net|Translatewiki.net]]. Initially, this feature will notify you of added or deleted messages in these groups. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348501]
* Dark mode is now available on all wikis, on mobile web for logged-in users who opt into the [[Special:MobileOptions|advanced mode]]. This is the early release of the feature. Technical editors are invited to [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ check for accessibility issues on wikis]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|more detailed guidelines]].

'''Problems'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can use an alternative visual style without labels, by using &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mapstyle=&quot;osm&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. This wasn't working in previews, creating the wrong impression that it wasn't supported. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362531]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W18&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 03:33, 30 Silimin gɔli April 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-19&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
[[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]]
* The appearance of talk pages changed for all wikis, except for Commons, Wikidata and most Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|a few]] have already received this design change). You can read the detail of the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] (&quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot;). The deployment will happen at remaining wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352087][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Interface admins now have greater control over the styling of article components on mobile with the introduction of the &lt;code&gt;SiteAdminHelper&lt;/code&gt;. More information on how styles can be disabled can be found [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikimediaMessages#Site_admin_helper|at the extension's page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363932]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has added article body sections in JSON format and a curated short description field to the existing parsed Infobox. This expansion to the API is also available via Wikimedia Cloud Services. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/article-sections-and-description/]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* When you look at the Special:Log page, the first view is labelled &quot;All public logs&quot;, but it only shows some logs. This label will now say &quot;Main public logs&quot;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T237729]

'''Future changes'''
* A new service will be built to replace [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Extension:Graph]]. Details can be found in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans|the latest update]] regarding this extension.
* Starting May 21, English Wikipedia and German Wikipedia will get the possibility to activate &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot;. This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to all Wikipedias]]. These communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|activate and configure the feature locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308144]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W19&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:44, 6 Silimin gɔli May 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26729363 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue IV, April 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: International Roma Day Editathon in Albania and Kosovo, 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: New images from Central Australia on Wikimedia Commons, Library Science WikiProject students edit Wikipedia &amp; 1Lib1Ref in Australia and New Zealand 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Library Month
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: 2023 became a promissing year for wiki-residents and partnerships in CR
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: International Roma Day Editathon in Albania and Kosovo, 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Informal GLAM hack session
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Te Papa research expeditions and the Wikipedian at Large 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Climate Changes and GLAM
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland in April
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: SMALL GLAM SLAM
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: 100 000 bildminnen; Metabase
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Heaven on Earth at last?
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group April monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: AI Sauna quick reflection
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: OpenRefine online courses in more languages, and certified trainers
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: OpenRefine course in three more languages and International Museum Day challenges
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 06:43, 11 Silimin gɔli May 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=26483115 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-20&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* On Wikisource there is a special page listing pages of works without corresponding scan images. Now you can use the new magic word &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;__EXPECTWITHOUTSCANS__&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to exclude certain pages (list of editions or translations of works) from that list. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344214]
* If you use the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user-preference]] &quot;{{int:tog-uselivepreview}}&quot;, then the template-page feature &quot;{{int:Templatesandbox-editform-legend}}&quot; will now also work without reloading the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T136907]
* [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now specify an alternative text via the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;alt=&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute. This is identical in usage to the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;alt=&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Syntax|image and gallery syntax]]. An exception for this feature is wikis like Wikivoyage where the miniature maps are interactive. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328137]
* The old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|Guided Tour]] for the &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|New Filters for Edit Review]]&quot; feature has been removed. It was created in 2017 to show people with older accounts how the interface had changed, and has now been seen by most of the intended people. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217451]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[{{#special:search}}]] results page will now use CSS flex attributes, for better accessibility, instead of a table. If you have a gadget or script that adjusts search results, you should update your script to the new HTML structure. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320295]

'''Future changes'''
* In the Vector 2022 skin, main pages will be displayed at full width (like special pages). The goal is to keep the number of characters per line large enough. This is related to the coming changes to typography in Vector 2022. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357706]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two columns of the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:pagelinks table|pagelinks]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; database table (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;pl_namespace&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;pl_title&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) are being dropped soon. Users must use two columns of the new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:special:MyLanguage/Manual:linktarget table|linktarget]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; table instead (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;lt_namespace&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;lt_title&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;). In your existing SQL queries:
*# Replace &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;JOIN pagelinks&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;JOIN linktarget&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;pl_&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;lt_&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;ON&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; statement
*# Below that add &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;JOIN pagelinks ON lt_id = pl_target_id&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;
** See &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[phab:T222224]]&lt;/bdi&gt; for technical reasoning. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222224][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299947]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W20&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:58, 13 Silimin gɔli May 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26762074 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-21&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, will now correctly delete pages which were moved to another title. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T43351]
* New changes have been made to the UploadWizard in Wikimedia Commons: the overall layout has been improved, by following new styling and spacing for the form and its fields; the headers and helper text for each of the fields was changed; the Caption field is now a required field, and there is an option for users to copy their caption into the media description. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:WMF_support_for_Commons/Upload_Wizard_Improvements#Changes_to_%22Describe%22_workflow][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361049]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]]  The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading_HTML_changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It will change on 22 May in some skins (Timeless, Modern, CologneBlue, Nostalgia, and Monobook). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in all other skins. The developers are also considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W21&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:04, 20 Silimin gɔli May 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26786311 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-22&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Several bugs related to the latest updates to the UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons have been fixed. For more information, see [[:phab:T365107|T365107]] and [[:phab:T365119|T365119]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In March 2024 a new [[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortlet|addPortlet]] API was added to allow gadgets to create new portlets (menus) in the skin. In certain skins this can be used to create dropdowns. Gadget developers are invited to try it and [[phab:T361661|give feedback]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some CSS in the Minerva skin has been removed to enable easier community configuration. Interface editors should check the rendering on mobile devices for aspects related to the classes: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.collapsible&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.multicol&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.reflist&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.coordinates&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.topicon&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [[phab:T361659|Further details are available on replacement CSS]] if it is needed.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* When you visit a wiki where you don't yet have a local account, local rules such as edit filters can sometimes prevent your account from being created. Starting this week, MediaWiki takes your global rights into account when evaluating whether you can override such local rules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316303]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W22&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:15, 28 Silimin gɔli May 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26832205 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-23&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* It is now possible for local administrators to add new links to the bottom of the site Tools menu without JavaScript. [[mw:Manual:Interface/Sidebar#Add or remove toolbox sections|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6086]
* The message name for the definition of the tracking category of WikiHiero has changed from &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MediaWiki:Wikhiero-usage-tracking-category&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot; to &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MediaWiki:Wikihiero-usage-tracking-category&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot;. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/wikihiero/+/1035855]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q5317225|Kadazandusun]] ([[w:dtp:|&lt;code&gt;w:dtp:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365220]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* Next week, on wikis with the Vector 2022 skin as the default, logged-out desktop users will be able to choose between different font sizes. The default font size will also be increased for them. This is to make Wikimedia projects easier to read. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-06 deployments|Learn more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W23&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:35, 3 Silimin gɔli June 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26844397 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue V, May 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Summer of Wikivoyage Edit-a-thon in Kruja; Traditional Albanian food photography competition
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Open licensing guide from Midiateca Capixaba; Activities in Rio de Janeiro; First batch from LabDOC; New batch from NeuroMat; Hercule Florence photowalk
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: International discussion on the role of media and new GLAM partnership on the horizon
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Digitization concludes for Behar Herald and a digitization workshop held for libraries in Maharashtra
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Edit-a-thons
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Summer of Wikivoyage Edit-a-thon in Kruja &amp; Traditional Albanian food photography competition
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: WikiconNL 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Architecture Edit-a-thon, Wikidata Te Papa research expeditions project and 1Lib1Ref
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland in May
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: The Search for the Lost Manuscripts
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Our first Igbo language article
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Article campaigns for Ukrainian librarians, partnership with a national library
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: WikiPortraits &amp; Edit-a-thons
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group May monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/GLAM Wiki Meta pages revamp|GLAM Wiki Meta pages revamp]]: GLAM Wiki Meta pages kicking off the Working Group
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Introducing Alice Kibombo, a new dataset, and more
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 14:25, 9 Silimin gɔli June 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=26893904 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-24&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The software used to render SVG files has been updated to a new version, fixing many longstanding bugs in SVG rendering. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265549]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading HTML changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It was changed last week in some skins (Vector legacy and Minerva). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in Vector-2022. The developers are still considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used for citations by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] changed last week. In places where Parsoid previously added the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw-reference-text&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; class, Parsoid now also adds the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;reference-text&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; class for better compatibility with the legacy parser. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1036705]

'''Problems'''
* There was a bug with the Content Translation interface that caused the tools menus to appear in the wrong location. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366374]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The new version of MediaWiki includes another change to the HTML markup used for citations: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] will now generate a &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-cite-backlink&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; wrapper for both named and unnamed references for better compatibility with the legacy parser. Interface administrators should verify that gadgets that interact with citations are compatible with the new markup. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1035809] 
* On multilingual wikis that use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;translate&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; system, there is a feature that shows potentially-outdated translations with a pink background until they are updated or confirmed. From this week, confirming translations will be logged, and there is a new user-right that can be required for confirming translations if the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requests it]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T49177]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W24&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:20, 10 Silimin gɔli June 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26893898 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-25&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* People who attempt to add an external link in the visual editor will now receive immediate feedback if they attempt to link to a domain that a project has decided to block. Please see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#11_June_2024|Edit check]] for more details. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366751]
* The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CommunityConfiguration|Community Configuration extension]] is available [[testwiki:Special:CommunityConfiguration|on Test Wikipedia]]. This extension allows communities to customize specific features to meet their local needs. Currently only Growth features are configurable, but the extension will support other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration#Use_cases|Community Configuration use cases]] in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323811][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360954]
* The dark mode [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] is now available on category and help pages, as well as more special pages. There may be contrast issues. Please report bugs on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366370]

'''Problems'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Cloud Services tools were not available for 25 minutes last week. This was caused by a faulty hardware cable in the data center. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2024-06-11_WMCS_Ceph]
* Last week, styling updates were made to the Vector 2022 skin. This caused unforeseen issues with templates, hatnotes, and images. Changes to templates and hatnotes were reverted. Most issues with images were fixed. If you still see any, [[phab:T367463|report them here]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367480]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting June 18, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Edit Check]] will be deployed to [[phab:T361843|a new set of Wikipedias]]. This feature is intended to help newcomers and to assist edit-patrollers by inviting people who are adding new content to a Wikipedia article to add a citation when they do not do so themselves. During [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#Reference_Check_A/B_Test|a test at 11 wikis]], the number of citations added [https://diff.wikimedia.org/?p=127553 more than doubled] when Reference Check was shown to people. Reference Check is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|community configurable]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361843]&lt;!-- NOTE: THE DIFF BLOG WILL BE PUBLISHED ON MONDAY --&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mailing_lists|Mailing lists]] will be unavailable for roughly two hours on Tuesday 10:00–12:00 UTC. This is to enable migration to a new server and upgrade its software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367521]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W25&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:49, 17 Silimin gɔli June 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26911987 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-26&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Editors will notice that there have been some changes to the background color of text in the diff view, and the color of the byte-change numbers, last week. These changes are intended to make text more readable in both light mode and dark mode, and are part of a larger effort to increase accessibility. You can share your comments or questions [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading|on the project talkpage]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361717]
* The text colors that are used for visited-links, hovered-links, and active-links, were also slightly changed last week to improve their accessibility in both light mode and dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366515]

'''Problems'''
* You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|copy permanent links to talk page comments]] by clicking on a comment's timestamp. [[mw:Talk pages project/Permalinks|This feature]] did not always work when the topic title was very long and the link was used as a wikitext link. This has been fixed. Thanks to Lofhi for submitting the bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356196]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting 26 June, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link at English Wikipedia, making this feature available for you to use at all wikis. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they were linked to, even if this comment has since been moved elsewhere. You can read more about this feature [[DiffBlog:/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/|on Diff]] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365974]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W26&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:32, 24 Silimin gɔli June 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-27&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W27&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Over the next three weeks, dark mode will become available for all users, both logged-in and logged-out, starting with the mobile web version. This fulfils one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2023/Reading/Dark_mode|top-requested community wishes]], and improves low-contrast reading and usage in low-light settings. As part of these changes, dark mode will also work on User-pages and Portals. There is more information in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Updates#June_2024:_Typography_and_dark_mode_deployments,_new_global_preferences|the latest Web team update]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366364]
* Logged-in users can now set [[m:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-skin-skin-prefs|global preferences for the text-size and dark-mode]], thanks to a combined effort across Foundation teams. This allows Wikimedians using multiple wikis to set up a consistent reading experience easily, for example by switching between light and dark mode only once for all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341278] 
* If you use a very old web browser some features might not work on the Wikimedia wikis. This affects Internet Explorer 11 and versions of Chrome, Firefox and Safari older than 2016. This change makes it possible to use new [[d:Q46441|CSS]] features and to send less code to all readers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288287][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:How_to_make_a_MediaWiki_skin#Using_CSS_variables_for_supporting_different_themes_e.g._dark_mode]
* Wikipedia Admins can customize local wiki configuration options easily using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]]. Community Configuration was created to allow communities to customize how some features work, because each language wiki has unique needs. At the moment, admins can configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] on their home wikis, in order to better recruit and retain new editors. More options will be provided in the coming months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366458]
* Editors interested in language issues that are related to [[w:en:Unicode|Unicode standards]], can now discuss those topics at [[mw:Talk:WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|a new conversation space in MediaWiki.org]]. The Wikimedia Foundation is now a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|member of the Unicode Consortium]], and the coordination group can collaboratively review the issues discussed and, where appropriate, bring them to the attention of the Unicode Consortium.
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[w:btm:|&lt;code&gt;w:btm:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368038] 

'''Problems'''
* Editors can once again click on links within the visual editor's citation-preview, thanks to a bug fix by the Editing Team. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368119]

'''Future changes'''
* Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 2 weeks. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W27&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:59, 1 Silimin gɔli July 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-28&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W28&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* At the Wikimedia Foundation a new task force was formed to replace the disabled Graph with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project|more secure, easy to use, and extensible Chart]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Chart Project|subscribe to the newsletter]] to get notified about new project updates and other news about Chart.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension is now available on Meta-wiki, Igbo Wikipedia, and Swahili Wikipedia, and can be requested on your wiki. This extension helps in managing and making events more visible, giving Event organizers the ability to use tools like the Event registration tool. To learn more about the deployment status and how to request this extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status|CampaignEvents page on Meta-wiki]]. 
* Editors using the iOS Wikipedia app who have more than 50 edits can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits#Add an image|Add an Image]] feature. This feature presents opportunities for small but useful contributions to Wikipedia.
* Thank you to [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth/Celebration|all of the authors]] who have contributed to MediaWiki Core. As a result of these contributions, the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth|percentage of authors contributing more than 5 patches has increased by 25% since last year]], which helps ensure the sustainability of the platform for the Wikimedia projects.

'''Problems'''
* A problem with the color of the talkpage tabs always showing as blue, even for non-existent pages which should have been red, affecting the Vector 2022 skin, [[phab:T367982|has been fixed]]. 

'''Future changes'''
* The Trust and Safety Product team wants to introduce [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] with as little disruption to tools and workflows as possible. Volunteer developers, including gadget and user-script maintainers, are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle temporary accounts. The team has [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|created documentation]] explaining how to do the update. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]].

'''Tech News survey'''
* Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 1 more week. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W28&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:32, 8 Silimin gɔli July 2024 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': June 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue VI, June 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wiki Loves Living Heritage in Albania
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Partner Project between Wikimedia Australia, the Australian and New Zealand Society of Indexers (ANZSI) and the School of Information and Communication Studies at Charles Sturt University (CSU SICS)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Mato Grosso
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: GLAM digital with the August Bebel Institute - &quot;Wiki Loves Democracy Part III&quot; and new GLAM-on-Tour-Film released
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: 2024 Half-a-year in Review
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Open science conference and Wikimedians in Sicily
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Wiki Loves Earth in Albania &amp; Kosovo, 2024 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: WikiProject Te Papa Research Expeditions and WikiProject IBC 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Climate Changes Edit-a-thons by Wikimedia MKD
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland in June
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: News in GLAM Serbia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Using Wikipedia in interfaith education
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: GLAM CSI user stories feedback requested and US events
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group June monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Bridging Digital Art Practices with Institutional Archives: professional knowledge exchange on digital art archiving
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: 20th Century Press Archives – history in newspaper clippings, made accessible by ZBW and Wikimedia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: July's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 02:30, 12 Silimin gɔli July 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-29&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W29&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Tech News survey'''
* Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 3 more days. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia developers can now officially continue to use both [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]], due to a June 24 decision by the Wikimedia Foundation to support software development on both platforms. Gerrit and GitLab are both code repositories used by developers to write, review, and deploy the software code that supports the MediaWiki software that the wiki projects are built on, as well as the tools used by editors to create and improve content. This decision will safeguard the productivity of our developers and prevent problems in code review from affecting our users. More details are available in the [[mw:GitLab/Migration status|Migration status]] page.
* The Wikimedia Foundation seeks applicants for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). This group will bring technical contributors and Wikimedia Foundation together to co-define a more resilient, future-proof technological platform. Council members will evaluate and consult on the movement's product and technical activities, so that we develop multi-generational projects. We are looking for a range of technical contributors across the globe, from a variety of Wikimedia projects. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal#Joining the PTAC as a technical volunteer|Please apply here by August 10]].
* Editors with rollback user-rights who use the Wikipedia App for Android can use the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Anti Vandalism|Edit Patrol]] features. These features include a new feed of Recent Changes, related links such as Undo and Rollback, and the ability to create and save a personal library of user talk messages to use while patrolling. If your wiki wants to make these features available to users who do not have rollback rights but have reached a certain edit threshold, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android#Contact us|you can contact the team]]. You can [[diffblog:2024/07/10/ِaddressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/|read more about this project on Diff blog]].
* Editors who have access to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The_Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library]] can once again use non-open access content in SpringerLinks, after the Foundation [[phab:T368865|contacted]] them to restore access. You can read more about [[m:Tech/News/Recently_resolved_community_tasks|this and 21 other community-submitted tasks that were completed last week]]. 

'''Changes later this week'''
* This week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-07 deployments|dark mode will be available on a number of Wikipedias]], both desktop and mobile, for logged-in and logged-out users. Interface admins and user script maintainers are encouraged to check gadgets and user scripts in the dark mode, to find any hard-coded colors and fix them. There are some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations for dark mode compatibility]] to help.

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Next week, functionaries, volunteers maintaining tools, and software development teams are invited to test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on testwiki. Temporary accounts is a feature that will help improve privacy on the wikis. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348895]
* Editors who upload files cross-wiki, or teach other people how to do so, may wish to join a Wikimedia Commons discussion. The Commons community is discussing limiting who can upload files through the cross-wiki upload/Upload dialog feature to users auto-confirmed on Wikimedia Commons. This is due to the large amount of copyright violations uploaded this way. There is a short summary at [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Cross-wiki upload|Commons:Cross-wiki upload]] and [[c:Commons:Village pump/Proposals#Deactivate cross-wiki uploads for new users|discussion at Commons:Village Pump]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]].
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W29&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:31, 16 Silimin gɔli July 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27124561 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-30&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W30&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature News'''
* Stewards can now [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks|globally block]] accounts. Before [[phab:T17294|the change]] only IP addresses and IP ranges could be blocked globally. Global account blocks are useful when the blocked user should not be logged out. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_locks|Global locks]] (a similar tool logging the user out of their account) are unaffected by this change. The new global account block feature is related to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project, which is a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors that are no longer made public.
* Later this week, Wikimedia site users will notice that the Interface of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as &quot;Pending Changes&quot;) is improved and consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Wikimedia's design system]]. The FlaggedRevs interface experience on mobile and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MinervaNeue|Minerva skin]] was inconsistent before it was fixed and ported to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]] by the WMF Growth team and some volunteers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156]
*  Wikimedia site users can now submit account vanishing requests via [[m:Special:GlobalVanishRequest|GlobalVanishRequest]]. This feature is used when a contributor wishes to stop editing forever. It helps you hide your past association and edit to protect your privacy. Once processed, the account will be locked and renamed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367329]
* Have you tried monitoring and addressing vandalism in Wikipedia using your phone? [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/10/%d9%90addressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/ A Diff blog post on Patrolling features in the Mobile App] highlights some of the new capabilities of the feature, including swiping through a feed of recent changes and a personal library of user talk messages for use when patrolling from your phone. 
* Wikimedia contributors and GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) organisations can now learn and measure the impact Wikimedia Commons is having towards creating quality encyclopedic content using the [https://doc.wikimedia.org/generated-data-platform/aqs/analytics-api/reference/commons.html Commons Impact Metrics] analytics dashboard. The dashboard offers organizations analytics on things like monthly edits in a category, the most viewed files, and which Wikimedia articles are using Commons images. As a result of these new data dumps, GLAM organisation can more reliably measure their return on investment for programs bringing content into the digital Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/]

'''Project Updates'''
*  Come share your ideas for improving the wikis on the newly reopened [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. The Community Wishlist is Wikimedia’s forum for volunteers to share ideas (called wishes) to improve how the wikis work. The new version of the wishlist is always open, works with both wikitext and Visual Editor, and allows wishes in any language.

'''Learn more'''
* Have you ever wondered how Wikimedia software works across over 300 languages? This is 253 languages more than the Google Chrome interface, and it's no accident. The Language and Product Localization Team at the Wikimedia Foundation supports your work by adapting all the tools and interfaces in the MediaWiki software so that contributors in our movement who translate pages and strings can translate them and have the sites in all languages. Read more about the team and their upcoming work on [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/building-towards-a-robust-multilingual-knowledge-ecosystem-for-the-wikimedia-movement/ Diff]. 
* How can Wikimedia build innovative and experimental products while maintaining such heavily used websites? A recent [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/ blog post] by WMF staff Johan Jönsson highlights the work of the [[m:Future Audiences#Objectives and Key Results|WMF Future Audience initiative]], where the goal is not to build polished products but test out new ideas, such as a [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiments: conversational/generative AI|ChatGPT plugin]] and [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiment:Add a Fact|Add a Fact]], to help take Wikimedia into the future. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]].
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W30&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:04, 23 Silimin gɔli July 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27142915 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-31&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* Editors using the Visual Editor in languages that use non-Latin characters for numbers, such as Hindi, Manipuri and Eastern Arabic, may notice some changes in the formatting of reference numbers. This is a side effect of preparing a new sub-referencing feature, and will also allow fixing some general numbering issues in Visual Editor. If you notice any related problems on your wiki, please share details at the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|project talkpage]].

'''Bugs status'''
* Some logged-in editors were briefly unable to edit or load pages last week. [[phab:T370304|These errors]] were mainly due to the addition of new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|linter]] rules which led to caching problems. Fixes have been applied and investigations are continuing.
* Editors can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Information tool]] to get information about IP addresses. This tool is available as a Beta Feature in your preferences. The tool was not available for a few days last week, but is now working again. Thank you to Shizhao for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks#2024-07-25|28 other community-submitted tasks]] that were resolved last week.

'''Project updates'''
* There are new features and improvements to Phabricator from the Release Engineering and Collaboration Services teams, and some volunteers, including: the search systems, the new task creation system, the login systems, the translation setup which has resulted in support for more languages (thanks to Pppery), and fixes for many edge-case errors. You can [[phab:phame/post/view/316/iterative_improvements/|read details about these and other improvements in this summary]].
* There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|update on the Charts project]]. The team has decided which visualization library to use, which chart types to start focusing on, and where to store chart definitions.
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9056|Czech]] ([[voy:cs:|&lt;code&gt;voy:cs:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370905] 

'''Learn more'''
* There is a [[diffblog:2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/|new Wikimedia Foundation data center]] in São Paulo, Brazil which helps to reduce load times.
* There is new [[diffblog:2024/07/22/the-perplexing-process-of-uploading-images-to-wikipedia/|user research]] on problems with the process of uploading images.
* Commons Impact Metrics are [[diffblog:2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/|now available]] via data dumps and API.
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/July|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W31&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:11, 29 Silimin gɔli July 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-32&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Two new parser functions will be available this week: &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#dir|#dir]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#bcp47|#bcp47]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. These will reduce the need for &lt;code&gt;Template:Dir&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Template:BCP47&lt;/code&gt; on Commons and allow us to [[phab:T343131|drop 100 million rows]] from the &quot;what links here&quot; database. Editors at any wiki that use these templates, can help by replacing the templates with these new functions. The templates at Commons will be updated during the Hackathon at Wikimania. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359761][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366623]
* Communities can request the activation of the visual editor on entire namespaces where discussions sometimes happen (for instance ''Wikipedia:'' or ''Wikisource:'' namespaces) if they understand the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/FAQ#WPNS|known limitations]]. For discussions, users can already use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] in these namespaces.
* The tracking category &quot;Pages using Timeline&quot; has been renamed to &quot;Pages using the EasyTimeline extension&quot; [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3ATimeline-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 in TranslateWiki]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match.

'''Project updates'''
* Editors who help to organize WikiProjects and similar on-wiki collaborations, are invited to share ideas and examples of successful collaborations with the Campaigns and Programs teams. You can fill out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/WikiProjects|a brief survey]] or share your thoughts [[m:Talk:Campaigns/WikiProjects|on the talkpage]]. The teams are particularly looking for details about successful collaborations on non-English wikis.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The new parser is being rolled out on {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} wikis over the next few months. The {{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage}} and {{int:project-localized-name-hewikivoyage}} were [[phab:T365367|switched]] to Parsoid last week. For more information, see [[mw:Parsoid/Parser_Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]].

'''Learn more'''
* There will be more than 200 sessions at Wikimania this week. Here is a summary of some of the [[diffblog:2024/08/05/interested-in-product-and-tech-here-are-some-wikimania-sessions-you-dont-want-to-miss/|key sessions related to the product and technology area]].
* The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/07-02|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available.
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/July|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New design previews for Translatable pages; Updates about MinT for Wiki Readers; the release of Translation dumps; and more.
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/31|Growth newsletter]] is available.
* The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/July 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W32&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:43, 5 Silimin gɔli August 2024 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': July 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue VII, July 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: For what matters most for your community 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Mid-term digitization update
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Structuring Wiki Loves Monuments through a Wikidata portal
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: CCA Hosts Inaugural Wiki Edit-a-Thon 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: The flight over the &quot;Rosinenbomber&quot; - drone deployment for Free Knowledge; Kicking off a German-language community of practice for building cultural heritage linked open data with the wikimedia projects
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: GLAM partner ventures into 'Digitisation Plus' programs with Wikimedians
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Prompting what's most important - our community in Albania and Kosovo
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: WikiProject International Botanical Congress 2024, a presentation to the Natural History Museum, London &amp; Kew Gardens staff and a Research expeditions edit-a-thon 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Translations galore
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikicurious WikiNYC Civic Hall; San Diego 111; #5WomenArtists campaign
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group July monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: GLAM GLobal meetup &amp; GLAM Global Calls
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: August's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 02:58, 12 Silimin gɔli August 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-33&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] editors and maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Show a CAPTCHA|make a CAPTCHA show if a filter matches an edit]]. This allows communities to quickly respond to spamming by automated bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T20110]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards|Stewards]] can now specify if global blocks should prevent account creation. Before [[phab:T17273|this change]] by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product]] Team, all global blocks would prevent account creation. This will allow stewards to reduce the unintended side-effects of global blocks on IP addresses.

'''Project updates'''
* [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#August_2024_committee_nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new members to refresh the [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]]. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open until at least 2024-08-26.
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2880037|West Coast Bajau]] ([[w:bdr:|&lt;code&gt;w:bdr:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371757]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W33&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:22, 12 Silimin gɔli August 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-34&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* Editors who want to re-use references but with different details such as page numbers, will be able to do so by the end of 2024, using a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Sub-referencing in a nutshell|sub-referencing]] feature. You can read more [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|about the project]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|how to test the prototype]].
* Editors using tracking categories to identify which pages use specific extensions may notice that six of the categories have been renamed to make them more easily understood and consistent. These categories are automatically added to pages that use specialized MediaWiki extensions. The affected names are for: [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aintersection-category&amp;namespace=8 DynamicPageList], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Akartographer-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 Kartographer], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aphonos-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 Phonos], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Arss-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 RSS], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Ascore-use-category&amp;namespace=8 Score], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Awikihiero-usage-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 WikiHiero]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. Thanks to Pppery for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347324]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Technical volunteers who edit modules and want to get a list of the categories used on a page, can now do so using the &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;categories&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt; property of &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title objects]]&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. This enables wikis to configure workflows such as category-specific edit notices. Thanks to SD001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85372]

'''Bugs status'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Your help is needed to check if any pages need to be moved or deleted. A maintenance script was run to clean up unreachable pages (due to Unicode issues or introduction of new namespaces/namespace aliases). The script tried to find appropriate names for the pages (e.g. by following the Unicode changes or by moving pages whose titles on Wikipedia start with &lt;code&gt;Talk:WP:&lt;/code&gt; so that their titles start with &lt;code&gt;Wikipedia talk:&lt;/code&gt;), but it may have failed for some pages, and moved them to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/T195546/]]&lt;/bdi&gt; instead. Your community should check if any pages are listed there, and move them to the correct titles, or delete them if they are no longer needed. A full log (including pages for which appropriate names could be found) is available in [[phab:P67388]].
* Editors who volunteer as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|mentors]] to newcomers on their wiki are once again able to access lists of potential mentees who they can connect with to offer help and guidance. This functionality was restored thanks to [[phab:T372164|a bug fix]]. Thank you to Mbch331 for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and 18 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Project updates'''
* The application deadline for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product &amp; Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC) has been extended to September 16. Members will help by providing advice to Foundation Product and Technology leadership on short and long term plans, on complex strategic problems, and help to get feedback from more contributors and technical communities. Selected members should expect to spend roughly 5 hours per month for the Council, during the one year pilot. Please consider applying, and spread the word to volunteers you think would make a positive contribution to the committee.

'''Learn more'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award#2024 Winners|2024 Coolest Tool Awards]] were awarded at Wikimania, in seven categories. For example, one award went to the ISA Tool, used for adding structured data to files on Commons, which was recently improved during the [[m:Event:Wiki Mentor Africa ISA Hackathon 2024|Wiki Mentor Africa Hackathon]]. You can see video demonstrations of each tool at the awards page. Congratulations to this year's recipients, and thank you to all tool creators and maintainers.
* The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-01|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available, and includes some highlights from Wikimania, an upcoming Language community meeting, and other news from the movement.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W34&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:54, 20 Silimin gɔli August 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-35&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]].
* Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as &quot;Pending Changes&quot;) may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156]

'''Bugs status'''
* Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Project updates'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization.
* Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013.

'''Learn more'''
* If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]].
* To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out:
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project.
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W35&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:33, 26 Silimin gɔli August 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-36&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Editors and volunteer developers interested in data visualisation can now test the new software for charts. Its early version is available on beta Commons and beta Wikipedia. This is an important milestone before making charts available on regular wikis. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|read more about this project update]] and help to test the charts.

'''Feature news'''
* Editors who use the [[{{#special:Unusedtemplates}}]] page can now filter out pages which are expected to be there permanently, such as sandboxes, test-cases, and templates that are always substituted. Editors can add the new magic word [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE|&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;]] to a template page to hide it from the listing. Thanks to Sophivorus and DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184633]
* Editors who use the New Topic tool on discussion pages, will [[phab:T334163|now be reminded]] to add a section header, which should help reduce the quantity of newcomers who add sections without a header. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:28}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].
* Last week, some Toolforge tools had occasional connection problems. The cause is still being investigated, but the problems have been resolved for now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373243]
* Translation administrators at multilingual wikis, when editing multiple translation units, can now easily mark which changes require updates to the translation. This is possible with the [[phab:T298852#10087288|new dropdown menu]].

'''Project updates'''
* A new draft text of a policy discussing the use of Wikimedia's APIs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/API Policy Update 2024|has been published on Meta-Wiki]]. The draft text does not reflect a change in policy around the APIs; instead, it is an attempt to codify existing API rules. Comments, questions, and suggestions are welcome on [[m:Talk:API Policy Update 2024|the proposed update’s talk page]] until September 13 or until those discussions have concluded.

'''Learn more'''
* To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out:
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization.webm|Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization]] (25 mins) – about the above-mentioned Charts project.
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 3 - State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia.webm|State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia]] (90 mins) – about some of the language tools that support Wikimedia sites, such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content]]/[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Section Translation]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MinT|MinT]], and LanguageConverter; also the current state and future of languages onboarding. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368772]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W36&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:07, 3 Silimin gɔli September 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-37&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* Starting this week, the standard [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will receive new colors that make them compatible in dark mode. This is the first of many changes to come as part of a major upgrade to syntax highlighting. You can learn more about what's to come on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365311][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059]
* Editors of wikis using Wikidata will now be notified of only relevant Wikidata changes in their watchlist. This is because the Lua functions &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;entity:getSitelink()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will have their logic unified for tracking different aspects of sitelinks to reduce junk notifications from [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Projects/Watchlist Wikidata Sitelinks Tracking|inconsistent sitelinks tracking]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295356]

'''Project updates'''
*  Users of all Wikis will have access to Wikimedia sites as read-only for a few minutes on September 25, starting at 15:00 UTC. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962]
* Contributors of [[phab:T363538#10123348|11 Wikipedias]], including English will have a new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MOS&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; namespace added to their Wikipedias. This improvement ensures that links beginning with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MOS:&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; (usually shortcuts to the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]) are not broken by [[w:en:Mooré|Mooré]] Wikipedia (language code &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mos&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363538]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W37&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:53, 9 Silimin gɔli September 2024 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue VIII, August 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Vacancy Wikimedian in Residence for Wikipedia on Aruba - Aruba on Wikipedia project
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Technology and biodiversity: “Amazonian Knowledge on Wiki”
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Colombia in Wikimania Mood
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Cooperation between National Library and Wikimedia CR was presented at Wikimania 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Wikimedians-in-residence assigned to add lexicographical data of 5 endangered languages of West Bengal
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: 10 reasons why the National Library of the Netherlands moved its Wikimedia-related publications from SlideShare to Zenodo, and keeps them on Wikimedia Commons
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Looking for Aotearoa's next roving Wikipedian, a Wikidata Te Papa research expeditions publication &amp; the Wikidata WikiProject IBC follow-up workshop 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: An insight of Wkikimedia MKD's 2024 GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Indonesian Featured Article award
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikimania report and meetups
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group August monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Global GLAM Wiki Meetup - Future meetings and outcomes
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: AvoinGLAM at Wikimania
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Content Partnerships Hub at Wikimania; The Helpdesk; Metabase; UN collaboration day
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Commons Impact Metrics, WikiLibCon25, and WikiConference North America
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 10:47, 11 Silimin gɔli September 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-38&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W38&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Improvements and Maintenance'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Editors interested in templates can help by reading the latest Wishlist focus area, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template recall and discovery]], and share your feedback on the talkpage. This input helps the Community Tech team to decide the right technical approach to build. Everyone is also encouraged to continue adding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|new wishes]].
* The new automated [[{{#special:NamespaceInfo}}]] page helps editors understand which [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] exist on each wiki, and some details about how they are configured. Thanks to DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263513]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|References Check]] is a feature that encourages editors to add a citation when they add a new paragraph to a Wikipedia article. For a short time, the corresponding tag &quot;Edit Check (references) activated&quot; was erroneously being applied to some edits outside of the main namespace. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373692]
* It is now possible for a wiki community to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed on their wiki. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Now, wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool authors can now access ToolsDB's [[wikitech:Portal:Data Services#ToolsDB|public databases]] from both [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry|Quarry]] and [[wikitech:Superset|Superset]]. Those databases have always been accessible to every [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] user, but they are now more broadly accessible, as Quarry can be accessed by anyone with a Wikimedia account. In addition, Quarry's internal database can now be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry#Querying Quarry's own database|queried from Quarry itself]]. This database contains information about all queries that are being run and starred by users in Quarry. This information was already public through the web interface, but you can now query it using SQL. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:20}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].
* Any pages or tools that still use the very old CSS classes &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw-message-box&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; need to be updated. These old classes will be removed next week or soon afterwards. Editors can use a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-message-box&amp;regex=1&amp;namespaces=&amp;title= global-search] to determine what needs to be changed. It is possible to use the newer &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;cdx-message&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; group of classes as a replacement (see [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/components/demos/message.html#css-only-version the relevant Codex documentation], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Header&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=27449042 an example update]), but using locally defined onwiki classes would be best. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374499]

'''Technical project updates'''
* Next week, all Wikimedia wikis will be read-only for a few minutes. This will start on September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This maintenance process also targets other services.]] The previous switchover took 3 minutes, and the Site Reliability Engineering teams use many tools to make sure that this essential maintenance work happens as quickly as possible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962]

'''Tech in depth'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/August 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes details about: research about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks|hook]] handlers to help simplify development, research about performance improvements, work to improve the REST API for end-users, and more.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: 
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Auditorium Kyiv - Day 4 - Hackathon Showcase.webm|Hackathon Showcase]] (45 mins) - 19 short presentations by some of the Hackathon participants, describing some of the projects they worked on, such as automated testing of maintenance scripts, a video-cutting command line tool, and interface improvements for various tools. There are [[phab:T369234|more details and links available]] in the Phabricator task.
** [[c:File:Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem.webm|Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem]] (40 mins) - a roundtable discussion for tool-maintainers, users, and supporters of Toolforge about how to make the platform sustainable and how to evaluate the tools available there.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W38&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:03, 17 Silimin gɔli September 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-39&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W39&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. Reading the wikis will not be interrupted, but editing will be paused. These twice-yearly processes allow WMF's site reliability engineering teams to remain prepared to keep the wikis functioning even in the event of a major interruption to one of our data centers.

'''Updates for editors'''
[[File:Add alt text from a halfsheet, with the article behind.png|thumb|A screenshot of the interface for the Alt Text suggested-edit feature]]
* Editors who use the iOS Wikipedia app in Spanish, Portuguese, French, or Chinese, may see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|Alt Text suggested-edit experiment]] after editing an article, or completing a suggested edit using &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project#Hypothesis 2 Add an Image Suggested Edit|Add an image]]&quot;. Alt-text helps people with visual impairments to read Wikipedia articles. The team aims to learn if adding alt-text to images is a task that editors can be successful with. Please share any feedback on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|the discussion page]].
* The Codex color palette has been updated with new and revised colors for the MediaWiki user interfaces. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design System Team/Color/Design documentation#Updates|most noticeable changes]] for editors include updates for: dark mode colors for Links and for quiet Buttons (progressive and destructive), visited Link colors for both light and dark modes, and background colors for system-messages in both light and dark modes.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] It is now possible to include clickable wikilinks and external links inside code blocks. This includes links that are used within &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags and on code pages (JavaScript, CSS, Scribunto and Sanitized CSS). Uses of template syntax &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{…}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; are also linked to the template page. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166]
* Two bugs were fixed in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Account vanishing|GlobalVanishRequest]] system by improving the logging and by removing an incorrect placeholder message. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370595][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T372223]
* View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] From [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]]: 
** The API now enables 5,000 on-demand API requests per month and twice-monthly HTML snapshots freely (gratis and libre). More information on the updates and also improvements to the software development kits (SDK) are explained on [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ the project's blog post]. While Wikimedia Enterprise APIs are designed for high-volume commercial reusers, this change enables many more community use-cases to be built on the service too.
** The Snapshot API (html dumps) have added beta Structured Contents endpoints ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/ blog post on that]) as well as released two beta datasets (English and French Wikipedia) from that endpoint to Hugging Face for public use and feedback ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/hugging-face-dataset/ blog post on that]). These pre-parsed data sets enable new options for researchers, developers, and data scientists to use and study the content.

'''In depth'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) is used to get answers to questions using the Wikidata data set. As Wikidata grows, we had to make a major architectural change so that WDQS could remain performant. As part of the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split project]], we have new SPARQL endpoints available for serving the &quot;[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org scholarly]&quot; and &quot;[https://query-main.wikidata.org main]&quot; subgraphs of Wikidata. The [http://query.wikidata.org query.wikidata.org endpoint] will continue to serve the full Wikidata graph until March 2025. After this date, it will only serve the main graph. For more information, please see [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|the announcement on Wikidata]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W39&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:37, 23 Silimin gɔli September 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-40&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W40&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Readers of [[phab:T375401|42 more wikis]] can now use Dark Mode. If the option is not yet available for logged-out users of your wiki, this is likely because many templates do not yet display well in Dark Mode. Please use the [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ night-mode-checker tool] if you are interested in helping to reduce the number of issues. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations page]] provides guidance on this. Dark Mode is enabled on additional wikis once per month.
* Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor as their default can access features from the 2017 wikitext editor by adding &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;?veaction=editsource&lt;/code&gt; to the URL. If you would like to enable the 2017 wikitext editor as your default, it can be set in [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-newwikitext|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239796]
* For logged-out readers using the Vector 2022 skin, the &quot;donate&quot; link has been moved from a collapsible menu next to the content area into a more prominent top menu, next to &quot;Create an account&quot;. This restores the link to the level of prominence it had in the Vector 2010 skin. [[mw:Readers/2024 Reader and Donor Experiences#Donor Experiences (Key Result WE 3.2 and the related hypotheses)|Learn more]] about the changes related to donor experiences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373585]
* The CampaignEvents extension provides tools for organizers to more easily manage events, communicate with participants, and promote their events on the wikis. The extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|enabled]] on Arabic Wikipedia, Igbo Wikipedia, Swahili Wikipedia, and Meta-Wiki. [[w:zh:Wikipedia:互助客栈/其他#引進CampaignEvents擴充功能|Chinese Wikipedia has decided]] to enable the extension, and discussions on the extension are in progress [[w:es:Wikipedia:Votaciones/2024/Sobre la política de Organizadores de Eventos|on Spanish Wikipedia]] and [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Enabling the CampaignEvents Extention on Wikidata|on Wikidata]]. To learn how to enable the extension on your wiki, you can visit [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|the CampaignEvents page on Meta-Wiki]].
* View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Developers with an account on Wikitech-wiki should [[wikitech:Wikitech/SUL-migration|check if any action is required]] for their accounts. The wiki is being changed to use the single-user-login (SUL) system, and other configuration changes. This change will help reduce the overall complexity for the weekly software updates across all our wikis.

'''In depth'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|server switch]] was completed successfully last week with a read-only time of [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Past Switches|only 2 minutes 46 seconds]]. This periodic process makes sure that engineers can switch data centers and keep all of the wikis available for readers, even if there are major technical issues. It also gives engineers a chance to do maintenance and upgrades on systems that normally run 24 hours a day, and often helps to reveal weaknesses in the infrastructure. The process involves dozens of software services and hundreds of hardware servers, and requires multiple teams working together. Work over the past few years has reduced the time from 17 minutes down to 2–3 minutes. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/66ZW7B2MG63AESQVTXDIFQBDBS766JGW/]

'''Meetings and events'''
* October 4–6: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiIndaba conference 2024|WikiIndaba Conference's Hackathon]] in Johannesburg, South Africa
* November 4–6: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] in Vienna, Austria

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W40&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:20, 30 Silimin gɔli September 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-41&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W41&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Communities can now request installation of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator|Automoderator]] on their wiki. Automoderator is an automated anti-vandalism tool that reverts bad edits based on scores from the new &quot;Revert Risk&quot; machine learning model. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AutoModerator/Deploying|read details about the necessary steps]] for installation and configuration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336934]

'''Updates for editors'''
* Translators in wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|the mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now customize their articles suggestion list from 41 filtering options when using the tool. This topic-based article suggestion feature makes it easy for translators to self-discover relevant articles based on their area of interest and translate them. You can [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;active-list=suggestions try it with your mobile device]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368422]
* View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* It is now possible for &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; code blocks to offer readers a &quot;Copy&quot; button if the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;copy=1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight#copy|set on the tag]]. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40932]
* Customized copyright footer messages on all wikis will be updated. The new versions will use wikitext markup instead of requiring editing raw HTML. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375789]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this month, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] will be rolled out on several pilot wikis. The final list of the wikis will be published in the second half of the month. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on [[phab:T376499|these 11 wikis]], and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Rate limiting has been enabled for the code review tools [[Wikitech:Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[Wikitech:GitLab|GitLab]] to address ongoing issues caused by malicious traffic and scraping. Clients that open too many concurrent connections will be restricted for a few minutes. This rate limiting is managed through [[Wikitech:nftables|nftables]] firewall rules. For more details, see Wikitech's pages on [[Wikitech:Firewall#Throttling with nftables|Firewall]], [[Wikitech:GitLab/Abuse and rate limiting|GitLab limits]] and [[Wikitech:Gerrit/Operations#Throttling IPs|Gerrit operations]].
* Five new wikis have been created: 
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q49224|Komering]] ([[w:kge:|&lt;code&gt;w:kge:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374813]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36096|Mooré]] ([[m:mos:|&lt;code&gt;m:mos:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374641]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[wikt:mad:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:mad:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374968]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q2501174|Gorontalo]] ([[q:gor:|&lt;code&gt;q:gor:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375088]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikinews}} in [[d:Q56482|Shan]] ([[n:shn:|&lt;code&gt;n:shn:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375430]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W41&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:43, 7 Silimin gɔli October 2024 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': September 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue IX, September 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikimedian in Residence at Elbasan’s Ethnographic Museum in Albania
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: GLAM and communities
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Artbank's edit-a-thon for gender equity in Australian visual arts
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Project 'Belgian distilleries as Linked Open Data' completed
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Photowalks for Wiki Loves Monuments 2024 at five corners of Brazil
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/France report|France report]]: 4th edition of the Label Culture Libre
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Digitization at the Museum of Santal Culture, Federation Hall Society Library and Cultural Heritage and Literature in Meghalaya
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Report on the Wikidata WikiProject International Botanical 2024, Conference report for SPNHC-TDWG 2024 and the upcoming New Zealand species edit-a-thon
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Wiki Takes Rural Archaeology
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Wiki content in interfaith education
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Banned books and more
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group September monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Global GLAM calls from November: short survey, and register!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: October's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11:38, 10 Silimin gɔli October 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-42&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W42&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is starting to be removed. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|A first set of wikis]] are being contacted. These wikis are invited to stop using Flow, and to move all Flow boards to sub-pages, as archives. At these wikis, a script will move all Flow pages that aren't a sub-page to a sub-page automatically, starting on 22 October 2024. On 28 October 2024, all Flow boards at these wikis will be set in read-only mode. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370722]
* WMF's Search Platform team is working on making it easier for readers to perform text searches in their language. A [[phab:T332342|change last week]] on over 30 languages makes it easier to find words with accents and other diacritics. This applies to both full-text search and to types of advanced search such as the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;''hastemplate''&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;''incategory''&lt;/bdi&gt; keywords. More technical details (including a few other minor search upgrades) are available. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:TJones_%28WMF%29/Notes/Language_Analyzer_Harmonization_Notes#ASCII-folding/ICU-folding_%28T332342%29]
* View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|EditCheck]] was installed at Russian Wikipedia, and fixes were made for some missing user interface styles.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Editors who use the Toolforge tool [[toolforge:copyvios|Earwig's Copyright Violation Detector]] will now be required to log in with their Wikimedia account before running checks using the &quot;search engine&quot; option. This change is needed to help prevent external bots from misusing the system. Thanks to Chlod for these improvements. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:New_pages_patrol/Reviewers#Authentication_is_now_required_for_search_engine_checks_on_Earwig's_Copyvio_Tool]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] users can create tickets and add comments on existing tickets via Email again. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator/Help#Using email|Sending email to Phabricator]] has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356077]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Some HTML elements in the interface are now wrapped with a &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;bdi&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; element, to make our HTML output more aligned with Web standards. More changes like this will be coming in future weeks. This change might break some tools that rely on the previous HTML structure of the interface. Note that relying on the HTML structure of the interface is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Stable interface policy/Frontend#What is not stable?|not recommended]] and might break at any time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375975]

'''In depth'''
* The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/September 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes: updates on Wikimedia's authentication system, research to simplify feature development in the MediaWiki platform, updates on Parser Unification and MathML rollout, and more.
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/October|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition include: research about improving topic suggestions related to countries, improvements to PHPUnit tests, and more.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W42&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:21, 14 Silimin gɔli October 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27597254 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-43&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W43&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Mobile Apps team has released an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh#Phase 1: Creating a user Profile Menu (T373714)|update]] to the iOS app's navigation, and it is now available in the latest App store version. The team added a new Profile menu that allows for easy access to editor features like Notifications and Watchlist from the Article view, and brings the &quot;Donate&quot; button into a more accessible place for users who are reading an article. This is the first phase of a larger planned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh|navigation refresh]] to help the iOS app transition from a primarily reader-focused app, to an app that fully supports reading and editing. The Wikimedia Foundation has added more editing features and support for on-wiki communication based on volunteer requests in recent years.
[[File:IOS App Navigation refresh first phase 05.png|thumb|iOS Wikipedia App's profile menu and contents]]

'''Updates for editors'''
* Wikipedia readers can now download a browser extension to experiment with some early ideas on potential features that recommend articles for further reading, automatically summarize articles, and improve search functionality. For more details and to stay updated, check out the Web team's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments|Content Discovery Experiments page]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Web team's projects|subscribe to their newsletter]].
* Later this month, logged-out editors of [[phab:T376499|these 12 wikis]] will start to have [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] created. The list may slightly change - some wikis may be removed but none will be added. Temporary account is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User account types|type of user account]]. It enhances the logged-out editors' privacy and makes it easier for community members to communicate with them. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on these 12 wikis, and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. Read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|deployment plan across all wikis]].
* View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[w:nr:Main Page|South Ndebele]], [[w:rsk:Главни бок|Pannonian Rusyn]], [[w:ann:Uwu|Obolo]], [[w:iba:Lambar Keterubah|Iban]] and [[w:tdd:ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥘᥣᥲ ᥖᥥᥰ|Tai Nüa]] Wikipedia languages were created last week. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36785][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35660][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36614][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33424][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36556]
* It is now possible to create functions on Wikifunctions using Wikidata lexemes, through the new [[f:Z6005|Wikidata lexeme type]] launched last week. When you go to one of these functions, the user interface provides a lexeme selector that helps you pick a lexeme from Wikidata that matches the word you type. After hitting run, your selected lexeme is retrieved from Wikidata, transformed into a Wikidata lexeme type, and passed into the selected function. Read more about this in [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17#Function of the Week: select representation from lexeme|the latest Wikifunctions newsletter]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Users of the Wikimedia sites can now format dates more easily in different languages with the new &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;{{[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef|#timef]]:…}}&lt;/code&gt; parser function. For example, &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#timef:now|date|en}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; will show as &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;{{#timef:now|date|en}}&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot;. Previously, &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#time:…}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; could be used to format dates, but this required knowledge of the order of the time and date components and their intervening punctuation. &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#timef&lt;/code&gt; (or &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#timefl&lt;/code&gt; for local time) provides access to the standard date formats that MediaWiki uses in its user interface. This may help to simplify some templates on multi-lingual wikis like Commons and Meta. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223772][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Commons and Meta users can now efficiently [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Localization|retrieve the user's language]] using &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{USERLANGUAGE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; instead of using &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{int:lang}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T4085]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Tech Advisory Council]] (PTAC) now has its pilot members with representation across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. They will work to address the [[Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Technology Council|Movement Strategy's Technology Council]] initiative of having a co-defined and more resilient technological platform. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy/Initiatives/Technology_Council]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/32|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: an upcoming Newcomer Homepage Community Updates module, new Community Configuration options, and details on new projects.
* The Wikimedia Foundation is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Security Team#CNA Partnership|now an official partner of the CVE program]], which is an international effort to catalog publicly disclosed cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This partnership will allow the Security Team to instantly publish [[w:en:Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures|common vulnerabilities and exposures]] (CVE) records that are affecting MediaWiki core, extensions, and skins, along with any other code the Foundation is a steward of.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]] is now [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates#October 16, 2024: Conversations Made Easier: Machine-Translated Wishes Are Here!|testing machine translations]] for Wishlist content. Volunteers can now read machine-translated versions of wishes and dive into discussions even before translators arrive to translate content.

'''Meetings and events'''
* 24 October - Wiki Education Speaker Series Webinar - [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/N4XTB4G55BUY3M3PNGUAKQWJ7A4UOPAK/ Open Source Tech: Building the Wiki Education Dashboard], featuring Wikimedia interns and a Web developer in the panel.
* 20–22 December 2024 - [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024|Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024]] in Odisha, India. A hackathon for community members, including developers, designers and content editors, to build technical solutions that improve contributors' experiences.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W43&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:52, 21 Silimin gɔli October 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-44&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W44&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Later in November, the Charts extension will be deployed to the test wikis in order to help identify and fix any issue. A security review is underway to then enable deployment to pilot wikis for broader testing. You can read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#October 2024: Working towards production deployment|the October project update]] and see the [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Charts latest documentation and examples on Beta Wikipedia].
* View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[w:en:PediaPress|Pediapress.com]], an external service that creates books from Wikipedia, can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Maps|Wikimedia Maps]] to include existing pre-rendered infobox map images in their printed books on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375761]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Wikis can use [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|the Guided Tour extension]] to help newcomers understand how to edit. The Guided Tours extension now works with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Dark mode|dark mode]]. Guided Tour maintainers can check their tours to see that nothing looks odd. They can also set &lt;code&gt;emitTransitionOnStep&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;true&lt;/code&gt; to fix an old bug. They can use the new flag &lt;code&gt;allowAutomaticBack&lt;/code&gt; to avoid back-buttons they don't want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73927#10241528]
*  Administrators in the Wikimedia projects who use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Nuke|Nuke Extension]] will notice that mass deletions done with this tool have the &quot;Nuke&quot; tag. This change will make reviewing and analyzing deletions performed with the tool easier. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366068]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W44&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:56, 28 Silimin gɔli October 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-45&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W45&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Stewards can now make [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks|global account blocks]] cause global [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblocks]]. This will assist stewards in preventing abuse from users who have been globally blocked. This includes preventing globally blocked temporary accounts from exiting their session or switching browsers to make subsequent edits for 24 hours. Previously, temporary accounts could exit their current session or switch browsers to continue editing. This is an anti-abuse tool improvement for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project. You can read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|progress on key features for temporary accounts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368949]
* Wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]] can now use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event list#October 29, 2024: Collaboration List launched|Collaboration List]] feature. This list provides a new, easy way for contributors to learn about WikiProjects on their wikis. Thanks to the Campaign team for this work that is part of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product %26 Technology OKRs#WE KRs|the 2024/25 annual plan]]. If you are interested in bringing the CampaignEvents extension to your wiki, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|follow these steps]] or you can reach out to User:Udehb-WMF for help.
* The text color for red links will be slightly changed later this week to improve their contrast in light mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370446]
* View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, on multilingual wikis, users [[phab:T216368|can now]] hide translations from the WhatLinksHere special page.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* XML [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Data dumps|data dumps]] have been temporarily paused whilst a bug is investigated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/BXWJDPO5QI2QMBCY7HO36ELDCRO6HRM4/]

'''In depth'''
* Temporary Accounts have been deployed to six wikis; thanks to the Trust and Safety Product team for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|this work]], you can read about [[phab:T340001|the deployment plans]]. Beginning next week, Temporary Accounts will also be enabled on [[phab:T378336|seven other projects]]. If you are active on these wikis and need help migrating your tools, please reach out to [[m:User:Udehb-WMF|User:Udehb-WMF]] for assistance.
*  The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/October|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available.  It includes: New languages supported in translatewiki or in MediaWiki; New keyboard input methods for some languages; details about recent and upcoming meetings, and more.

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] is happening in Vienna, Austria and online from 4 to 6 November 2024. The conference will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W45&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:50, 4 Silimin gɔli November 2024 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': October 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue X, October 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wiki Loves Monuments in Albania and Kosovo, 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Amazon holotypes: how the species were discovered
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: FIMS Graduate Library Wiki Club Lunch &amp; Learn
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: ¿Por qué y para qué usar Wikidata en Colombia? / Why and for what purpose should Wikidata be used in Colombia?
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Empowering Italian GLAMs
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Edit-a-thon at the City Museum of Mitrovica
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Latvia report|Latvia report]]: Wikidata Workshop 2024: National Library of Latvia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Highlights from the Third Wiki Loves Fashion Campaign in the Netherlands
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Auckland Museum Wikimedian in Residence, Te Maori edit-a-thons &amp; NZ Species edit-a-thons
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: WIKIMEDIA MKD's successful GLAM programme!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: General Archive of the Palace
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Memory of the World baseline
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: October meetups
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group October monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: European encounters
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Baseline report
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Wikidata's 12th birthday celebration
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: November's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 15:18, 10 Silimin gɔli November 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-46&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W46&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* On wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|Translate extension]] enabled, users will notice that the FuzzyBot will now automatically create translated versions of categories used on translated pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285463]
* View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the submitted task to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SecurePoll|SecurePoll extension]] for English Wikipedia's special [[w:en:Wikipedia:Administrator elections|administrator election]] was resolved on time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371454] 

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] In &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:MediaWiki_1.44/wmf.2|1.44.0-wmf-2]]&lt;/code&gt;, the logic of Wikibase function &lt;code&gt;getAllStatements&lt;/code&gt; changed to behave like &lt;code&gt;getBestStatements&lt;/code&gt;. Invoking the function now returns a copy of values which are immutable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270851]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. The API will be rerouting some page content endpoints from RESTbase to the newer [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST API]] endpoints. The [[phab:T374683|impacted endpoints]] include getting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content. These changes will be available on testwiki later this week, with other projects to follow. This change should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints should verify behavior on testwiki, and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]].

'''In depth'''
* Admins and users of the Wikimedia projects [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator_Tools/Automoderator#Usage|where Automoderator is enabled]] can now monitor and evaluate important metrics related to Automoderator's actions. [https://superset.wmcloud.org/superset/dashboard/unified-automoderator-activity-dashboard/ This Superset dashboard] calculates and aggregates metrics about Automoderator's behaviour on the projects in which it is deployed. Thanks to the Moderator Tools team for this Dashboard; you can visit [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator/Unified Activity Dashboard|the documentation page]] for more information about this work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369488]

'''Meetings and events'''
* 21 November 2024 ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] &amp; [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]) - [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Community call]] with Wikimedia Commons volunteers and stakeholders to help prioritize support efforts for 2025-2026 Fiscal Year. The theme of this call is how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons.
'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W46&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:07, 12 Silimin gɔli November 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-47&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W47&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Users of Wikimedia sites will now be warned when they create a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects|redirect]] to a page that doesn't exist. This will reduce the number of broken redirects to red links in our projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326057]
* View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|Pywikibot]], which automates work on MediaWiki sites, was upgraded to 9.5.0 on Toolforge. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378676]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* On wikis that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]], pages created or moved by users with the appropriate permissions are marked as flagged automatically. This feature has not been working recently, and changes fixing it should be deployed this week. Thanks to Daniel and Wargo for working on this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379218][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368380]

'''In depth'''
* There is a new [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection Diff post] about Temporary Accounts, available in more than 15 languages. Read it to learn about what Temporary Accounts are, their impact on different groups of users, and the plan to introduce the change on all wikis.

'''Meetings and events'''
* Technical volunteers can now register for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/hackathon2025/ Application for travel and accommodation scholarships] is open from '''November 12 to December 10 2024'''. The registration for the event will close in mid-April 2025. The Wikimedia Hackathon is an annual gathering that unites the global technical community to collaborate on existing projects and explore new ideas.
* Join the [[C:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF%20support%20for%20Commons/Commons%20community%20calls|Wikimedia Commons community calls]] this week to help prioritize support for Commons which will be planned for 2025–2026. The theme will be how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. This is an opportunity for volunteers who work on different things to come together and talk about what matters for the future of the project. The calls will take place '''November 21, 2024, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]'''.
* A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place '''November 29, 16:00 UTC''' to discuss updates and technical problem-solving.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W47&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:01, 19 Silimin gɔli November 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27806858 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-48&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W48&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new version of the standard wikitext editor-mode [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will be available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] later this week. This brings many new features and bug fixes, including right-to-left support, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Template folding|template folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and an improved search panel. You can learn more on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]].
* The 2010 wikitext editor now supports common keyboard shortcuts such &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ctrl&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;B&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for bold and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ctrl&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;I&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for italics. A full [[mw:Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|list of all six shortcuts]] is available. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62928]
* Starting November 28, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: &lt;bdi&gt;bswiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;elwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;euwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;fawiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;fiwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwikiquote&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwikisource&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwikiversity&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwikivoyage&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;idwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;lvwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;plwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;ptwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;urwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;viwikisource&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;zhwikisource&lt;/bdi&gt;. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. 
* View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a user creating a new AbuseFilter can now only set the filter to &quot;protected&quot; [[phab:T377765|if it includes a protected variable]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]], which can be used in JavaScript, CSS, JSON, and Lua pages, [[phab:T377663|now offers]] live autocompletion. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. The feature can be temporarily disabled on a page by pressing &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ctrl&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;,&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and un-selecting &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Live Autocompletion&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot;.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool-maintainers who use the Graphite system for tracking metrics, need to migrate to the newer Prometheus system. They can check [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/K6DEOo5Ik/grafana-graphite-datasource-utilization?orgId=1 this dashboard] and the list in the Description of the [[phab:T350592|task T350592]] to see if their tools are listed, and they should claim metrics and dashboards connected to their tools. They can then disable or migrate all existing metrics by following the instructions in the task. The Graphite service will become read-only in April. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/KLUV4IOLRYXPQFWD6WKKJUHMWE77BMSZ/]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/NewPP parser report|New PreProcessor parser performance report]] has been fixed to give an accurate count for the number of Wikibase entities accessed. It had previously been resetting after 400 entities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279069]

'''Meetings and events'''
* A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place November 29 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000 16:00 UTC]. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Mooré Wikipedia, the language support track at [[m:Wiki Indaba|Wiki Indaba]], and a report from the Wayuunaiki community on their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community over the last 3 years. This meeting will be in English and will also have Spanish interpretation.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W48&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:42, 25 Silimin gɔli November 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-49&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W49&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Two new parser functions were added this week. The &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interwikilink|#interwikilink]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interwiki links|interwiki link]] and the &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interlanguagelink|#interlanguagelink]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interlanguage links|interlanguage link]]. These parser functions are useful on wikis where namespaces conflict with interwiki prefixes. For example, links beginning with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MOS:&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; on English Wikipedia [[phab:T363538|conflict with the &lt;code&gt;mos&lt;/code&gt; language code prefix of Mooré Wikipedia]].
* Starting this week, Wikimedia wikis no longer support connections using old RSA-based HTTPS certificates, specifically rsa-2048. This change is to improve security for all users. Some older, unsupported browser or smartphone devices will be unable to connect; Instead, they will display a connectivity error. See the [[wikitech:HTTPS/Browser_Recommendations|HTTPS Browser Recommendations page]] for more-detailed information. All modern operating systems and browsers are always able to reach Wikimedia projects. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CTYEHVNSXUD3NFAAMG3BLZVTVQWJXJAH/]
* Starting December 16, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: &lt;bdi&gt;arwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;cawiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;mediawikiwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;orwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;wawiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;wawiktionary&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;wikidatawiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;zhwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380910]
* This month the Chart extension was deployed to production and is now available on Commons and Testwiki. With the security review complete, pilot wiki deployment is expected to start in the first week of December. You can see a working version [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details.
* View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug with the &quot;Download as PDF&quot; system was fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376438]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* In late February, temporary accounts will be rolled out on at least 10 large wikis. This deployment will have a significant effect on the community-maintained code. This is about Toolforge tools, bots, gadgets, and user scripts that use IP address data or that are available for logged-out users. The Trust and Safety Product team wants to identify this code, monitor it, and assist in updating it ahead of the deployment to minimize disruption to workflows. The team asks technical editors and volunteer developers to help identify such tools by adding them to [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/Impacted tools|this list]]. In addition, review the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|updated documentation]] to learn how to adjust the tools. Join the discussions on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|project talk page]] or in the [[discord:channels/221049808784326656/1227616742340034722|dedicated thread]] on the [[w:Wikipedia:Discord|Wikimedia Community Discord server (in English)]] for support and to share feedback. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W49&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:23, 2 Silimin gɔli December 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-50&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W50&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Technical documentation contributors can find updated resources, and new ways to connect with each other and the Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team, at the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Documentation|Documentation hub]] on MediaWiki.org. This page links to: resources for writing and improving documentation, a new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#wikimedia-techdocs&lt;/bdi&gt; IRC channel on libera.chat, a listing of past and upcoming documentation events, and ways to request a documentation consultation or review. If you have any feedback or ideas for improvements to the documentation ecosystem, please [[mw:Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team#Contact us|contact the Technical Documentation Team]].

'''Updates for editors'''
[[File:Edit Check on Desktop.png|thumb|Layout change for the Edit Check feature]]
* Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] will be relocated to a sidebar on desktop. Edit check is the feature for new editors to help them follow policies and guidelines. This layout change creates space to present people with [[mw:Edit check#1 November 2024|new Checks]] that appear ''while'' they are typing. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#Reference Check A/B Test|initial results]] show newcomers encountering Edit Check are 2.2 times more likely to publish a new content edit that includes a reference and is not reverted.
* The Chart extension, which enables editors to create data visualizations, was successfully made available on MediaWiki.org and three pilot wikis (Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedias). You can see a working examples [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details.
* Translators in wikis where the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now discover articles in Wikiproject campaigns of their interest from the &quot;[https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;campaign=specialcx&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=collections&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=es&amp;to=en All collection]&quot; category in the articles suggestion feature. Wikiproject Campaign organizers can use this feature, to help translators to discover articles of interest, by adding the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;page-collection&gt; &lt;/page-collection&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tag to their campaign article list page on Meta-wiki. This will make those articles discoverable in the Content Translation tool. For more detailed information on how to use the tool and tag, please refer to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based &amp; Community-defined lists/How to use the features|the step-by-step guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378958]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, now has a [[phab:T376379#10310998|multiselect filter for namespace selection]]. This enables users to select multiple specific namespaces, instead of only one or all, when fetching pages for deletion.
* The Nuke feature also now [[phab:T364225#10371365|provides links]] to the userpage of the user whose pages were deleted, and to the pages which were not selected for deletion, after page deletions are queued. This enables easier follow-up admin-actions. Thanks to Chlod and the Moderator Tools team for both of these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364225#10371365]
* The Editing Team is working on making it easier to populate citations from archive.org using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|Citoid]] tool, the auto-filled citation generator. They are asking communities to add two parameters preemptively, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;archiveUrl&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;archiveDate&lt;/code&gt;, within the TemplateData for each citation template using Citoid. You can see an [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACite_web%2Fdoc&amp;diff=1261320172&amp;oldid=1260788022 example of a change in a template], and a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?namespaces=10&amp;q=%5C%22citoid%5C%22%3A%20%5C%7B&amp;regex=1&amp;title= list of all relevant templates]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374831]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9240|Indonesian]] ([[voy:id:|&lt;code&gt;voy:id:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380726]
* Last week, all wikis had problems serving pages to logged-in users and some logged-out users for 30–45 minutes. This was caused by a database problem, and investigation is ongoing. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/3g2ckc7bp6l9]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add Link]] feature has been fixed. Previously, the list of sections which are excluded from Add Link was partially ignored in certain cases. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380455][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380329]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, now has an early-stage [[git:design/codex-php|implementation in PHP]]. It is available for general use in MediaWiki extensions and Toolforge apps through [https://packagist.org/packages/wikimedia/codex Composer], with use in MediaWiki core coming soon. More information is available in [[wmdoc:design-codex-php/main/index.html|the documentation]]. Thanks to Doğu for the inspiration and many contributions to the library. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379662]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. On December 4, the MediaWiki Interfaces team began rerouting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content endpoints on [[testwiki:|testwiki]] from RESTbase to comparable MediaWiki REST API endpoints. The team encourages active users of these endpoints to verify their tool's behavior on testwiki and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]] before the end of the year, as they intend to roll out the same change across all Wikimedia projects in early January. These changes are part of the work to replace the outdated [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|RESTBase]] system.
* The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/986172 2024 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 3 January 2025, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:Developer Satisfaction Survey 2024 Privacy Statement|privacy statement]].
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The next meeting in the series of [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation discussions with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12 December 2024 08:00 UTC|December 12 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12_December 2024 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is new media and new contributors. Contributors from all wikis are welcome to attend.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W50&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:16, 9 Silimin gɔli December 2024 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': November 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue XI, November 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Minigrant and Photowalk Projects in Albania 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Winners of WLM 2024 Brazil
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: WikiConvention francophone 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: deGrowth in N0vember
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Visual memory presented with collections of East Bohemia Museum in Hradec Kralove
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Digitization starts at Rammohun Library and Free Reading Room
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Wrap up the nine projects funded by 2024 GLAM call and Italian Wikidata Days
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: NZ Species Editathon, OEGlobal 2024 and Auckland Museum's Summer Students
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Summary of Wikidata Days 2024: Librarians don’t need hammers, they need Wikidata
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/UAE report|UAE report]]: Highlighting the Impact of Wiki Loves Monuments 2024 in UAE
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Wikimedia UAE and Librarians report|Wikimedia UAE and Librarians report]]: Empowering Knowledge: Librarians and Wikimedia at DILC 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Middle-Eastern history and interfaith education
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: November meetings
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group November monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Winter Festival
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Wikidata and Wikipedia improvements
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: December's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 21:45, 10 Silimin gɔli December 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=27942378 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-51&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W51&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Interested in improving event management on your home wiki? The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] offers organizers features like event registration management, event/wikiproject promotion, finding potential participants, and more - all directly on-wiki. If you are an organizer or think your community would benefit from this extension, start a discussion to enable it on your wiki today. To learn more about how to enable this extension on your wiki, visit the [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|deployment status page]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in Italy and Mexico on the Italian, Spanish, and English Wikipedias, can see a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review|personalized Year in Review]] with insights based on their reading and editing history.
* Users of the Android Wikipedia App in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia can see the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Rabbit Holes|Rabbit Holes]] feature. This feature shows a suggested search term in the Search bar based on the current article being viewed, and a suggested reading list generated from the user’s last two visited articles.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|global reminder bot]] is now active and running on nearly 800 wikis. This service reminds most users holding temporary rights when they are about to expire, so that they can renew should they want to. See [[m:Global reminder bot/Technical details|the technical details page]] for more information.
* The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 13 January 2025 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was [[phab:T374988|fixed]] in the Android Wikipedia App which had caused translatable SVG images to show the wrong language when they were tapped.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version next week. The next deployments will start on 14 January. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar/2025] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W51&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:25, 16 Silimin gɔli December 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27942374 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue XII, December 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: The Patrolling Edit-a-thon in Albania and Kosovo, 2024 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Last activities of 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Catrapilha in action: Uploading the Porto Alegre image feed
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Living GLAM project on Santali culture continues in West Bengal
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: From SlideShare to Zenodo &amp; How Dutch Wikipedia uses the Digital Library for Dutch Literature
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Wikdata module, Auckland Museum student progress, and the Wikipedian at Large
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Digitization of Heritage Archives in Nigeria
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Conference for GLAM employees in Skopje
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Wikimedia Portugal and Wiki Editoras Lx Collaborate on a Wiki GLAM, Culture, and Heritage Conference for 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: 2024 in review
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: December meetings
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Public Domain Day report|Public Domain Day report]]: Public Domain Day 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group December monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Ways forward
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 13:00, 11 Silimin gɔli January 2025 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=28033195 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-03&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Single User Login system is being updated over the next few months. This is the system which allows users to fill out the login form on one Wikimedia site and get logged in on all others at the same time. It needs to be updated because of the ways that browsers are increasingly restricting cross-domain cookies. To accommodate these restrictions, login and account creation pages will move to a central domain, but it will still appear to the user as if they are on the originating wiki. The updated code will be enabled this week for users on test wikis. This change is planned to roll out to all users during February and March. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and a timeline.

'''Updates for editors'''
* On wikis with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments|PageAssessments]] installed, you can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments#Search|filter search results]] to pages in a given WikiProject by using the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;inproject:&lt;/code&gt; keyword. (These wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] 
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34129|Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|&lt;code&gt;w:tig:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with updating a user's edit-count after making a rollback edit, which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia REST API users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. Starting the week of January 13, we will begin rerouting [[phab:T374683|some page content endpoints]] from RESTbase to the newer MediaWiki REST API endpoints for all wiki projects. This change was previously available on testwiki and should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints may raise issues directly to the [[phab:project/view/6931/|MediaWiki Interfaces Team]] in Phabricator if they arise.
* Toolforge tool maintainers can now share their feedback on Toolforge UI, an initiative to provide a web platform that allows creating and managing Toolforge tools through a graphic interface, in addition to existing command-line workflows. This project aims to streamline active maintainers’ tasks, as well as make registration and deployment processes more accessible for new tool creators. The initiative is still at a very early stage, and the Cloud Services team is in the process of collecting feedback from the Toolforge community to help shape the solution to their needs. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Read more and share your thoughts about Toolforge UI]]. 
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] For tool and library developers who use the OAuth system: The identity endpoint used for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] returned a JSON object with an integer in its &lt;code&gt;sub&lt;/code&gt; field, which was incorrect (the field must always be a string). This has been fixed; the fix will be deployed to Wikimedia wikis on the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139]
* Many wikis currently use [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] to render custom footnote markers in Parsoid output. Starting January 20 these rules will be disabled, but the developers ask you to ''not'' clean up your &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]&lt;/bdi&gt; until February 20 to avoid issues during the migration. Your wikis might experience some small changes to footnote markers in Visual Editor and when using experimental Parsoid read mode, but if there are changes these are expected to bring the rendering in line with the legacy parser output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The next meeting in the series of [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation Community Conversations with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|January 15 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is defining the priorities in tool investment for Commons. Contributors from all wikis, especially users who are maintaining tools for Commons, are welcome to attend.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W03&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:42, 14 Silimin gɔli January 2025 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28048614 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-04&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Administrators can mass-delete multiple pages created by a user or IP address using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. It previously only allowed deletion of pages created in the last 30 days. It can now delete pages from the last 90 days, provided it is targeting a specific user or IP address. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846]
* On [[phab:P72148|wikis that use]] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]] feature, when the rollback feature is used to revert an unpatrolled page revision, that revision will now be marked as &quot;manually patrolled&quot; instead of &quot;autopatrolled&quot;, which is more accurate. Some editors that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|filters]] on Recent Changes may need to update their filter settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Visual Editor's &quot;Insert link&quot; feature did not always suggest existing pages properly when an editor started typing, which has now been [[phab:T383497|fixed]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is being progressively removed from the wikis. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|The last group of wikis]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/en}}) will soon be contacted. If you have questions about this process, please ping [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] at your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912]
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: updates about services from the Data Platform Engineering teams, information about Codex from the Design System team, and more.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W04&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:37, 21 Silimin gɔli January 2025 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28129769 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-05&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Patrollers and admins - what information or context about edits or users could help you to make patroller or admin decisions more quickly or easily? The Wikimedia Foundation wants to hear from you to help guide its upcoming annual plan. Please consider sharing your thoughts on this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|13 other questions]] to shape the technical direction for next year.

'''Updates for editors'''
* iOS Wikipedia App users worldwide can now access a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|personalized Year in Review]] feature, which provides insights based on their reading and editing history on Wikipedia. This project is part of a broader effort to help welcome new readers as they discover and interact with encyclopedic content.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Edit patrollers now have a new feature available that can highlight potentially problematic new pages. When a page is created with the same title as a page which was previously deleted, a tag ('Recreated') will now be added, which users can filter for in [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] and [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145]
* Later this week, there will be a new warning for editors if they attempt to create a redirect that links to another redirect (a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|double redirect]]). The feature will recommend that they link directly to the second redirect's target page. Thanks to the user SomeRandomDeveloper for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia wikis allow [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]]-based second factor checks (such as hardware tokens) during login, but the feature is [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|fragile]] and has very few users. The MediaWiki Platform team is temporarily disabling adding new WebAuthn keys, to avoid interfering with the rollout of [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (single user login version 3). Existing keys are unaffected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''

* For developers that use the [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|MediaWiki History dumps]]: The Data Platform Engineering team has added a couple of new fields to these dumps, to support the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] initiative. If you maintain software that reads those dumps, please review your code and the updated documentation, since the order of the fields in the row will change. There will also be one field rename: in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mediawiki_user_history&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; dump, the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;anonymous&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; field will be renamed to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;is_anonymous&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. The changes will take effect with the next release of the dumps in February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W05&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:15, 27 Silimin gɔli January 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-06&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Editors who use the &quot;Special characters&quot; editing-toolbar menu can now see the 32 special characters you have used most recently, across editing sessions on that wiki. This change should help make it easier to find the characters you use most often. The feature is in both the 2010 wikitext editor and VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722]
* Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor can now create sublists with correct indentation by selecting the line(s) you want to indent and then clicking the toolbar buttons.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] You can now also insert &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags using a new toolbar button.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Thanks to user stjn for these improvements.
* Help is needed to ensure the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]] works properly on each wiki.
** (1) Administrators should update the local versions of the page &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json&lt;/code&gt; to include entries for &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;preprint&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;standard&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;dataset&lt;/code&gt;; Here are example diffs to replicate [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&amp;diff=1189164774&amp;oldid=1165783565 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&amp;diff=1270832208&amp;oldid=1270828390 for 'standard' and 'dataset'].
** (2.1) If the citoid map in the citation template used for these types of references is missing, [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki#Step 2.a: Create a 'citoid' maps value for each citation template|one will need to be added]]. (2.2) If the citoid map does exist, the TemplateData will need to be updated to include new field names. Here are example updates [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&amp;diff=1270829051&amp;oldid=1262470053 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&amp;diff=1270831369&amp;oldid=1270829480 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. The new fields that may need to be supported are &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;archiveID&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;identifier&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;repository&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;organization&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;repositoryLocation&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;committee&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;versionNumber&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q15637215|Central Kanuri]] ([[w:knc:|&lt;code&gt;w:knc:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|OCR (optical character recognition) tool]] used for Wikisource now supports a new language, Church Slavonic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W06&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:09, 4 Silimin gɔli February 2025 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2025 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue I, January 2025&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Africa report|Africa report]]: Guinea-Bissau Heritage from Commons to the World
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikimedian in Residence at the Qemal Baholli Public Library in Elbasan (October - December 2024)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Wikipedia on Aruba project has officially begun!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Maranhão
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Exploring Wikidata &amp; Building Community for Cultural Heritage Professionals
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Celebrating Public Domain Day 2025 in Indonesia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: New Wikimedia Italia Grant for GLAMs
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: 3 Million Dutch Cultural Heritage Images in Commons &amp; 400,000 RCE images now in higher resolution &amp; Usage of DBNL in Dutch Wikipedia articles
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Student led Edit-a-thon
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki 2024 in Poland: Achievements, Collaborations, and Impact
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Wikimedia Serbia: Advancing GLAM collaborations and digital heritage
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Cairo Geniza
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikipedia Day
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group January monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Join the Global GLAM Call – Tuesday, February 11th, 13:30 UTC!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: To the front page!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Wikidata at WikiLibCon 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 23:23, 9 Silimin gɔli February 2025 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-07&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''

* The Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC) has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|a draft of their recommendations]] for the Wikimedia Foundation's Product and Technology department. They have recommended focusing on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|mobile experiences]], particularly contributions. They request community [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|feedback at the talk page]] by 21 February.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The &quot;Special pages&quot; portlet link will be moved from the &quot;Toolbox&quot; into the &quot;Navigation&quot; section of the main menu's sidebar by default. This change is because the Toolbox is intended for tools relating to the current page, not tools relating to the site, so the link will be more logically and consistently located. To modify this behavior and update CSS styling, administrators can follow the instructions at [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211]
* As part of this year's work around improving the ways readers discover content on the wikis, the Web team will be running an experiment with a small number of readers that displays some suggestions for related or interesting articles within the search bar. Please check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|the project page]] for more information.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template editors who use TemplateStyles can now customize output for users with specific accessibility needs by using accessibility related media queries (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]&lt;/code&gt;). Thanks to user Bawolff for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the global blocks log will now be shown directly on the {{#special:CentralAuth}} page, similarly to global locks, to simplify the workflows for stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Wikidata [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|now supports a special language as a &quot;default for all languages&quot;]] for labels and aliases. This is to avoid excessive duplication of the same information across many languages. If your Wikidata queries use labels, you may need to update them as some existing labels are getting removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511]
* The function &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;getDescription&lt;/code&gt; was invoked on every Wiki page read and accounts for ~2.5% of a page's total load time. The calculated value will now be cached, reducing load on Wikimedia servers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660]
* As part of the RESTBase deprecation [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|effort]], the &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;/page/related&lt;/code&gt; endpoint has been blocked as of February 6, 2025, and will be removed soon. This timeline was chosen to align with the deprecation schedules for older Android and iOS versions. The stable alternative is the &quot;&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;morelike&lt;/code&gt;&quot; action API in MediaWiki, and [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|a migration example]] is available. The MediaWiki Interfaces team [[phab:T376297|can be contacted]] for any questions. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/]

'''In depth'''

* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: Updates about the &quot;Contribute&quot; menu; details on some of the newest language editions of Wikipedia; details on new languages supported by the MediaWiki interface; updates on the Community-defined lists feature; and more. 
* The latest [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on the progress towards bringing better visibility into global charts usage and support for categorizing pages in the Data namespace on Commons.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W07&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:12, 11 Silimin gɔli February 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-08&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Communities using growth tools can now showcase one event on the &lt;code&gt;{{#special:Homepage}}&lt;/code&gt; for newcomers. This feature will help newcomers to be informed about editing activities they can participate in. Administrators can create a new event to showcase at &lt;code&gt;{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}&lt;/code&gt;. To learn more about this feature, please read [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|the Diff post]], have a look [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|at the documentation]], or contact [[mw:Talk:Growth|the Growth team]].

'''Updates for editors'''
[[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Highlighted talk pages improvements]]
* Starting next week, talk pages at these wikis – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}} – will get [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|a new design]]. This change was extensively tested as a Beta feature and is the last step of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|talk pages improvements]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102]
* You can now navigate to view a redirect page directly from its action pages, such as the history page. Previously, you were forced to first go to the redirect target. This change should help editors who work with redirects a lot. Thanks to user stjn for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324]
* When a Cite reference is reused many times, wikis currently show either numbers like &quot;1.23&quot; or localized alphabetic markers like &quot;a b c&quot; in the reference list. Previously, if there were so many reuses that the alphabetic markers were all used, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|an error message]] was displayed.  As part of the work to [[phab:T383036|modernize Cite customization]], these errors will no longer be shown and instead the backlinks will fall back to showing numeric markers like &quot;1.23&quot; once the alphabetic markers are all used.
* The log entries for each change to an editor's user-groups are now clearer by specifying exactly what has changed, instead of the plain before and after listings. Translators can [[phab:T369466|help to update the localized versions]]. Thanks to user Msz2001 for these improvements.
* A new filter has been added to the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool, which allows administrators to mass delete pages, to enable users to filter for pages in a range of page sizes (in bytes). This allows, for example, deleting pages only of a certain size or below. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488]
* Non-administrators can now check which pages are able to be deleted using the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool. Thanks to user MolecularPilot for this and the previous improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed in the configuration for the AV1 video file format, which enables these files to play again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to most Wiktionaries over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyage to Parsoid Read Views last year. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640]
* Developers of tools that run on-wiki should note that &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.Uri&lt;/code&gt; is deprecated. Tools requiring &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.Uri&lt;/code&gt; must explicitly declare &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mediawiki.Uri&lt;/code&gt; as a ResourceLoader dependency, and should migrate to the browser native &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;URL&lt;/code&gt; API soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W08&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:17, 17 Silimin gɔli February 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-09&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Administrators can now customize how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|Babel feature]] creates categories using [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. They can rename language categories, choose whether they should be auto-created, and adjust other settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348]
* The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]&lt;/bdi&gt; portal has been updated – and is receiving some ongoing improvements – to modernize and improve the accessibility of our portal pages. It now has better support for mobile layouts, updated wording and links, and better language support. Additionally, all of the Wikimedia project portals, such as &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]&lt;/bdi&gt;, now support dark mode when a reader is using that system setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33965|Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:sat:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that prevented clicking on search results in the web-interface for some Firefox for Android phone configurations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The next Language Community Meeting is happening soon, February 28th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: highlights and technical updates on keyboard and tools for the Sámi languages, Translatewiki.net contributions from the Bahasa Lampung community in Indonesia, and technical Q&amp;A. If you'd like to join, simply [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|sign up on the wiki page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W09&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:41, 25 Silimin gɔli February 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-10&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* All logged-in editors using the mobile view can now edit a full page. The &quot;{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}&quot; link is accessible from the &quot;{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}&quot; menu in the toolbar. This was previously only available to editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|Advanced mobile contributions]] setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180]
* Interface administrators can now help to remove the deprecated Cite CSS code matching &quot;&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;mw-ref&lt;/code&gt;&quot; from their local &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. The list of wikis in need of cleanup, and the code to remove, [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&amp;regex=1&amp;namespaces=8&amp;title=.*css can be found with this global search] and in [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&amp;oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 this example], and you can learn more about how to help on the [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|CSS migration project page]]. The Cite footnote markers (&quot;&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/code&gt;&quot;) are now rendered by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]], and the deprecated CSS is no longer needed. The CSS for backlinks (&quot;&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;mw:referencedBy&lt;/code&gt;&quot;) should remain in place for now. This cleanup is expected to cause no visible changes for readers. Please help to remove this code before March 20, after which the development team will do it for you.
* When editors embed a file (e.g. &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[File:MediaWiki.png]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;) on a page that is protected with cascading protection, the software will no longer restrict edits to the file description page, only to new file uploads.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] In contrast, transcluding a file description page (e.g. &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;) will now restrict edits to the page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109]
* When editors revert a file to an earlier version it will now require the same permissions as ordinarily uploading a new version of the file. The software now checks for 'reupload' or 'reupload-own' rights,[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] and respects cascading protection.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010]
* When administrators are listing pages for deletion with the Nuke tool, they can now also list associated talk pages and redirects for deletion, alongside pages created by the target, rather than needing to manually delete these pages afterwards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|previously noted]] update to Single User Login, which will accommodate browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies by moving login and account creation to a central domain, will now roll out to all users during March and April. The team plans to enable it for all new account creation on [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] wikis this week. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and an updated timeline.
* Since last week there has been a bug that shows some interface icons as black squares until the page has fully loaded. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q2044560|Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|&lt;code&gt;w:syl:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed with loading images in very old versions of the Firefox browser on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W10&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:31, 4 Silimin gɔli March 2025 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2025 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue II, February 2025&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Celebrating the English Wikipedia’s Birthday in Albania!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Belgium Public Domain Day and Dance Heritage
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki and COP30 in the Amazon rainforest
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: GLAM digital and seminar on Jewish life 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: GLAM call and Progetto cultura
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: [GLAM metrics] Usage of Delpher in Dutch Wikipedia articles
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Wikipedia podcast episode, Trilepidea newsletter article, and the Wikipedian at Large 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD GLAM program for 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Islamic and Jewish history
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: GLAM news from Ukraine – events for libraries, #1Lib1Ref, launch of a larger GLAM product 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: February meetings
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group February monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Connecting Media Art Archives
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: 5.1 million image views
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Wikidata event: Data Reuse Days 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Wikisource report|Wikisource report]]: Wikisource Conference 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report|Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report]]: Wikimedia + Libraries International Convention 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 16:51, 10 Silimin gɔli March 2025 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=28357408 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-11&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Editors who use password managers at multiple wikis may notice changes in the future. The way that our wikis provide information to password managers about reusing passwords across domains has recently been updated, so some password managers might now offer you login credentials that you saved for a different Wikimedia site. Some password managers already did this, and are now doing it for more Wikimedia domains. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3 project]] which aims to improve how our unified login works, and to keep it compatible with ongoing changes to the web-browsers we use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844]
* The Wikipedia Apps Team is inviting interested users to help improve Wikipedia’s offline and limited internet use. After discussions in [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] and the last [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|ESEAP call]], key challenges like search, editing, and offline access are being explored, with upcoming focus groups to dive deeper into these topics. All languages are welcome, and interpretation will be available. Want to share your thoughts? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline &amp; Limited Internet Use|Join the discussion]] or email &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;aramadan@wikimedia.org&lt;/bdi&gt;!
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 19. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the launch of the Community Updates module, the most recent changes in Community Configuration, and the upcoming test of in-article suggestions for first-time editors.
* An old API that was previously used in the Android Wikipedia app is being removed at the end of March. There are no current software uses, but users of the app with a version that is older than 6 months by the time of removal (2025-03-31), will no longer have access to the Suggested Edits feature, until they update their app. You can [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|read more details about this change]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W11&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:09, 10 Silimin gɔli March 2025 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28372257 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-12&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Twice a year, around the equinoxes, the Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team performs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|a datacenter server switchover]], redirecting all traffic from one primary server to its backup. This provides reliability in case of a crisis, as we can always fall back on the other datacenter. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Thanks to the Listen to Wikipedia] tool, you can hear the switchover take place: Before it begins, you'll hear the steady stream of edits; Then, as the system enters a brief read-only phase, the sound stops for a couple of minutes, before resuming after the switchover. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. If you want to keep an ear out for the next server switchover, listen to the wikis on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 March 19 at 14:00 UTC].

'''Updates for editors'''

* The [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en&amp;to=es improved Content Translation tool dashboard] is now available in [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedias]] and will be available for all Wikipedias [[phab:T387821|soon]]. With [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|the unified dashboard]], desktop users can now: Translate new sections of an article; Discover and access topic-based [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en&amp;to=ig&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits article suggestion filters] (initially available only for mobile device users); Discover and access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based &amp; Community-defined lists|Community-defined lists]] filter, also known as &quot;Collections&quot;, from wiki-projects and campaigns.
* On Wikimedia Commons, a [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|new system to select the appropriate file categories]] has been introduced: if a category has one or more subcategories, users will be able to click on an arrow that will open the subcategories directly within the form, and choose the correct one. The parent category name will always be shown on top, and it will always be possible to come back to it. This should decrease the amount of work for volunteers in fixing/creating new categories. The change is also available on mobile. These changes are part of planned improvements to the UploadWizard.
* The Community Tech team is seeking wikis to join a pilot for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] feature and a refreshed Special:Block page in late March. Multiblocks enables administrators to impose multiple different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. If you are an admin or steward and would like us to discuss joining the pilot with your community, please leave a message on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|project talk page]].
* Starting March 25, the Editing team will test a new feature for Edit Check at [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedias]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]]. Half of the newcomers on these wikis will see all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Checks]] during their edit session, while the other half will continue seeing only one. The goal of this test is to see if users are confused or discouraged when shown multiple Reference Checks (when relevant) within a single editing session. At these wikis, the tags used on edits that show References Check will be simplified, as multiple tags could be shown within a single edit. Changes to the tags are documented [[phab:T373949|on Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], which is a service for notifying users that their temporary user-rights are about to expire, now supports using the localized name of the user-rights group in the message heading. Translators can see the [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|listing of existing translations and documentation]] to check if their language needs updating or creation.
* The [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]] gender setting, which is used for how the software should refer to you in interface messages, now works as expected by overriding the local defaults. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Wikipedia App for Android had a bug fixed for when a user is browsing and searching in multiple languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Later this week, the way that Codex styles are loaded will be changing. There is a small risk that this may result in unstyled interface message boxes on certain pages. User generated content (e.g. templates) is not impacted. Gadgets may be impacted. If you see any issues [[phab:T388847|please report them]]. See the linked task for details, screenshots, and documentation on how to fix any affected gadgets.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W12&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:48, 17 Silimin gɔli March 2025 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28412594 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-13&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking your feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|drafts of the objectives and key results that will shape the Foundation's Product and Technology priorities]] for the next fiscal year (starting in July). The objectives are broad high-level areas, and the key-results are measurable ways to track the success of their objectives. Please share your feedback on the talkpage, in any language, ideally before the end of April.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] will be released to multiple wikis (see [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|deployment plan]] for details) in April 2025, and the team has begun the process of engaging communities on the identified wikis. The extension provides tools to organize, manage, and promote collaborative activities (like events, edit-a-thons, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. The extension has three tools: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation Lists]]. It is currently on 13 Wikipedias, including English Wikipedia, French Wikipedia, and Spanish Wikipedia, as well as Wikidata. Questions or requests can be directed to the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|extension talk page]] or in Phabricator (with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;#campaigns-product-team&lt;/bdi&gt; tag).
* Starting the week of March 31st, wikis will be able to set which user groups can view private registrants in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], as part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension. By default, event organizers and the local wiki admins will be able to see private registrants. This is a change from the current behavior, in which only event organizers can see private registrants. Wikis can change the default setup by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requesting a configuration change]] in Phabricator (and adding the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;#campaigns-product-team&lt;/bdi&gt; tag). Participants of past events can cancel their registration at any time.
* Administrators at wikis that have a customized &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]&lt;/bdi&gt; should check that it contains an entry for the {{int:specialpages}} listing. If it does not, they should add it using &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;* specialpages-url|specialpages&lt;/code&gt;. Wikis with a default sidebar will see the link moved from the page toolbox into the sidebar menu in April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927]
* The Minerva skin (mobile web) combines both Notice and Alert notifications within the bell icon ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). There was a long-standing bug where an indication for new notifications was only shown if you had unseen Alerts. This bug is now fixed. In the future, Minerva users will notice a counter atop the bell icon when you have 1 or more unseen Notices and/or Alerts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* VisualEditor has introduced a [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|new client-side hook]] for developers to use when integrating with the VisualEditor target lifecycle. This hook should replace the existing lifecycle-related hooks, and be more consistent between different platforms. In addition, the new hook will apply to uses of VisualEditor outside of just full article editing, allowing gadgets to interact with the editor in DiscussionTools as well. The Editing Team intends to deprecate and eventually remove the old lifecycle hooks, so any use cases that this new hook does not cover would be of interest to them and can be [[phab:T355555|shared in the task]].
* Developers who use the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.Api&lt;/code&gt; JavaScript library, can now identify the tool using it with the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;userAgent&lt;/code&gt; parameter: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );&lt;/code&gt;. If you maintain a gadget or user script, please set a user agent, because it helps with library and server maintenance and with differentiating between legitimate and illegitimate traffic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W13&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:43, 24 Silimin gɔli March 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-14&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Editing team is working on a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. This check's goal is to identify non-neutral terms while a user is editing a wikipage, so that they can be informed that their edit should perhaps be changed before they publish it. This project is at the early stages, and the team is looking for communities' input: [[phab:T389445|in this Phabricator task]], they are gathering on-wiki policies, templates used to tag non-neutral articles, and the terms (jargon and keywords) used in edit summaries for the languages they are currently researching. You can participate by editing the table on Phabricator, commenting on the task, or directly messaging [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] has now been updated on all wikis to move login and account creation to a central domain. This makes user login compatible with browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies, which have prevented users of some browsers from staying logged in.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting on March 31st, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin a limited release of generated OpenAPI specs and a SwaggerUI-based sandbox experience for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST APIs]]. They invite developers from a limited group of non-English Wikipedia communities (Arabic, German, French, Hebrew, Interlingua, Dutch, Chinese) to review the documentation and experiment with the sandbox in their preferred language. In addition to these specific Wikipedia projects, the sandbox and OpenAPI spec will be available on the [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|on the test wiki REST Sandbox special page]] for developers with English as their preferred language. During the preview period, the MediaWiki Interfaces Team also invites developers to [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|share feedback about your experience]]. The preview will last for approximately 2 weeks, after which the sandbox and OpenAPI specs will be made available across all wiki projects.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Sometimes a small, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|one line code change]] can have great significance: in this case, it means that for the first time in years we're able to run all of the stack serving &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]&lt;/bdi&gt; - a host dedicated to serving our wikis and their multi-lingual maps needs - from a single core datacenter, something we test every time we perform a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter switchover]]. This is important because it means that in case one of our datacenters is affected by a catastrophe, we'll still be able to serve the site. This change is the result of [[phab:T216826|extensive work]] by two developers on porting the last component of the maps stack over to [[w:en:Kubernetes|kubernetes]], where we can allocate resources more efficiently than before, thus we're able to withstand more traffic in a single datacenter. This work involved a lot of complicated steps because this software, and the software libraries it uses, required many long overdue upgrades. This type of work makes the Wikimedia infrastructure more sustainable.

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025]] is happening in Sandusky, USA, and online, from 14–16 May 2025. The workshop will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. Registration and presentation signup is now available at the workshop's website.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W14&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:05, 1 Silimin gɔli April 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-15&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* From now on, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface admins]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|centralnotice admins]] are technically required to enable [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] before they can use their privileges. In the future this might be expanded to more groups with advanced user-rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The Design System Team is preparing to release the next major version of Codex (v2.0.0) on April 29. Editors and developers who use CSS from Codex should see the [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|2.0 overview documentation]], which includes guidance related to a few of the breaking changes such as &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;font-size&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;line-height&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;size-icon&lt;/code&gt;.
* The results of the [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Developer Satisfaction Survey (2025)]]  are now available. Thank you to all participants. These results help the Foundation decide what to work on next and to review what they recently worked on.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]] will take place in Istanbul, Turkey, between 2–4 May. Registration for attending the in-person event will close on 13 April. Before registering, please note the potential need for a [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] or [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] to enter the country.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W15&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:53, 7 Silimin gɔli April 2025 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2025 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue III, March 2025&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: WikiGap in Albania 2025, and essential initiatives for free knowledge
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Archives and Human Rights activities
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: International Women's Day, Wikipedia officially recognised as Digital Public Good and invitation for the General Assembly
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Every Book Its Reader is coming
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: New Horizons of Czech GLAM Partnerships in 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/France report|France report]]: Archivist Forum 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Ten winners of Wikimedia Italia 2025 GLAM call
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: International Womensday; New Wikimedian in Residence at Maastricht University
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: What's on at Auckland Museum, and International Women's Day at University of Otago 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: GLAM in Africa, a Nigerian narrative in knowledge decolonization a case study of Benin City
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Switzerland report
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Gold in Bengali and Diversity in Arabic
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Women's History month
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group March monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Manuscripts of Mali
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: Creating an OpenRefine Wikimedia Group
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 09:01, 9 Silimin gɔli April 2025 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-16&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Later this week, the default thumbnail size will be increased from 220px to 250px. This changes how pages are shown in all wikis and has been requested by some communities for many years, but wasn't previously possible due to technical limitations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914]
* File thumbnails are now stored in discrete sizes. If a page specifies a thumbnail size that's not among the standard sizes (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 330, 500, 960), then MediaWiki will pick the closest larger thumbnail size but will tell the browser to downscale it to the requested size. In these cases, nothing will change visually but users might load slightly larger images. If it doesn't matter which thumbnail size is used in a page, please pick one of the standard sizes to avoid the extra in-browser down-scaling step. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation are working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] which will enable [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[:w:en:Denial-of-service attack|Distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is so that they can more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for.
* To improve security for users, a small percentage of logins will now require that the account owner input a one-time password [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|emailed to their account]]. It is recommended that you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|check]] that the email address on your account is set correctly, and that it has been confirmed, and that you have an email set for this purpose. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662]
* &quot;Are you interested in taking a short survey to improve tools used for reviewing or reverting edits on your Wiki?&quot; This question will be [[phab:T389401|asked at 7 wikis starting next week]], on Recent Changes and Watchlist pages. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools team]] wants to know more about activities that involve looking at new edits made to your Wikimedia project, and determining whether they adhere to your project's policies.
* On April 15, the full Wikidata graph will no longer be supported on &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]&lt;/bdi&gt;. After this date, scholarly articles will be available through &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]&lt;/bdi&gt;, while the rest of the data hosted on Wikidata will be available through the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]&lt;/bdi&gt; endpoint. This is part of the scheduled split of the Wikidata Graph, which was [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|announced in September 2024]]. More information is [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|available on Wikidata]].
* The latest quarterly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Wikimedia Apps Newsletter]] is now available. It covers updates, experiments, and improvements made to the Wikipedia mobile apps.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: an invitation for tool maintainers to attend the Toolforge UI Community Feedback Session on April 15th; recent community metrics; and recent technical blog posts.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W16&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:24, 15 Silimin gɔli April 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-17&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] is now integrated with [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Dagbani Wikipedia]] since April 15. It is the first project that will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16]
* A new type of lint error has been created: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|documentation]]). The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Linter extension]]'s purpose is to identify wikitext patterns that must or can be fixed in pages and provide some guidance about what the problems are with those patterns and how to fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Following its publication on HuggingFace, the &quot;Structured Contents&quot; dataset, developed by Wikimedia Enterprise, is [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ now also available on Kaggle]. This Beta initiative is focused on making Wikimedia data more machine-readable for high-volume reusers. They are releasing this beta version in a location that open dataset communities already use, in order to seek feedback, to help improve the product for a future wider release. You can read more about the overall [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets Structured Contents project], and about the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ first release that's freely usable].
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''Meetings and events'''
* The Editing and Machine Learning Teams invite interested volunteers to a video meeting to discuss [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]], which is the latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] that will detect &quot;peacock&quot; or &quot;overly-promotional&quot; or &quot;non-neutral&quot; language whilst an editor is typing. Editors who work with newcomers, or help to fix this kind of writing, or are interested in how we use artificial intelligence in our projects are encouraged to attend. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|meeting will be on April 28, 2025]] at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18:00–19:00 UTC] and hosted on Zoom.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W17&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:00, 21 Silimin gɔli April 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-18&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Event organizers who host collaborative activities on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|multiple wikis]], including Bengali, Japanese, and Korean Wikipedias, will have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] this week. Also, admins in the Wikipedia where the extension is enabled will automatically be granted the event organizer right soon. They won't have to manually grant themselves the right before they can manage events as [[phab:T386861|requested by a community]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The release of the next major version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, is scheduled for 29 April 2025. Technical editors will have access to the release by the week of 5 May 2025. This update will include a number of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|breaking changes]] and minor [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|visual changes]]. Instructions on handling the breaking and visual changes are documented on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|this page]]. Pre-release testing is reported in [[phab:T386298|T386298]], with post-release issues tracked in [[phab:T392379|T392379]] and [[phab:T392390|T392390]].
* Users of [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will notice that the database views of &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ipblocks&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ipblocks_ipindex&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ipblocks_compat&lt;/code&gt; are [[phab:T390767|now deprecated]]. Users can query the &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]&lt;/code&gt; new views that mirror the new tables in the production database instead. The deprecated views will be removed entirely from Wiki Replicas in June, 2025.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes an overview of the improved [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;campaign=contributionsmenu&amp;to=es&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en#/ Content Translation Dashboard Tool], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|support for new languages]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|highlights from the Wiki Loves Ramadan campaign]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|results from the Language Onboarding Experiment]], an analysis of topic diversity in articles, and information on upcoming community meetings and events.

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 April 29 at 14:30 UTC]. This edition will focus on &quot;Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects&quot;. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|register now]] to attend.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which brings the global technical community together to connect, brainstorm, and hack existing projects, will take place from May 2 to 4th, 2025, at Istanbul, Turkey.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W18&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:32, 28 Silimin gɔli April 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-19&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation has shared the latest draft update to their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|annual plan]] for next year (July 2025–June 2026). This includes an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|executive summary]] (also on [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), details about the three main [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|goals]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|budget]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|financial model]]. Feedback and questions are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|talk page]] until the end of May.

'''Updates for editors'''
* For wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]], two new feature improvements have been released:
** Admins can now choose which namespaces are permitted for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|documentation]]). The default setup is for event registration to be permitted in the Event namespace, but other namespaces (such as the project namespace or WikiProject namespace) can now be added. With this change, communities like WikiProjects can now more easily use Event Registration for their collaborative activities.
** Editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|transclude]] the Collaboration List on a wiki page ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|documentation]]). The Collaboration List is an automated list of events and WikiProjects on the wikis, accessed via {{#special:AllEvents}} ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|example]]). Now, the Collaboration List can be added to all sorts of wiki pages, such as: a wiki mainpage, a WikiProject page, an affiliate page, an event page, or even a user page.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Developers who use the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;moment&lt;/code&gt; library in gadgets and user scripts should revise their code to use alternatives like the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;Intl&lt;/code&gt; library or the new &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mediawiki.DateFormatter&lt;/code&gt; library. The &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;moment&lt;/code&gt; library has been deprecated and will begin to log messages in the developer console. You can see a global search for current uses, and [[phab:T392532|ask related questions in this Phabricator task]].
* Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikidata term store tables (&lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;wbt_*&lt;/code&gt;) need to update their code to connect to a separate database cluster. These tables are being split into a separate database cluster. Tools that query those tables via the wiki replicas must be adapted to connect to the new cluster instead. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Documentation and related links are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on preparing to expand the deployment to additional wikis as soon as this week (starting May 6) and scaling up over the following weeks, plus exploring filtering and transforming source data.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W19&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:14, 6 Silimin gɔli May 2025 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2025 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue IV, April 2025&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Event for International Roma Day 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Highlighting Feminist and women's histories and a Wiki Day at the South Australian Museum
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Catalan areas report|Catalan areas report]]: Campaign to document the 2025 Falla monuments in Valencia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Wikidata and Research
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Open Collection Highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Architecture, BHL, and the Commons Workflow
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Strengthening Cultural Heritage through Partnerships and Knowledge Sharing: Insights from World Heritage Day in Nigeria
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD's new GLAM collaborations and activities 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Scholarships and Call for Sessions Proposals for GLAM Wiki 2025 will open soon: Stay tuned!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: GLAM Highlights from Serbia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: FemNetzCon 2025; GLAM Meeting Biel/Bienne; Digi Archive
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Mapping Museums / Art in Arabic
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: April meetings
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group April monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Surging forward in Spanish and Arabic
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 20:53, 11 Silimin gɔli May 2025 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-20&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|&quot;Get shortened URL&quot;]] link on the sidebar now includes a [[phab:T393309|QR code]]. Wikimedia site users can now use it by scanning or downloading it to quickly share and access shared content from Wikimedia sites, conveniently.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation is working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]], which will enable [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[w:en:Denial-of-service attack|distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is to help more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. Tech News has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|previously written about this]]. The deployment will be gradual. Some might see the Edge Uniques cookie the week of 19 May. You can discuss this on the [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|talk page]].
* Starting May 19, 2025, Event organisers in wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled can use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] in the project namespace (e.g., Wikipedia namespace, Wikidata namespace). With this change, communities don't need admins to use the feature. However, wikis that don't want this change can remove and add the permitted namespaces at [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]].
* The Wikipedia project now has a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q36720|Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|&lt;code&gt;w:nup:&lt;/code&gt;]]). This is a language primarily spoken in the North Central region of Nigeria. Speakers of this language are invited to contribute to [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|new Wikipedia]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Developers can now access pre-parsed Dutch Wikipedia, amongst others (English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese) through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (beta)]. The content includes parsed Wikipedia abstracts, descriptions, main images, infoboxes, article sections, and references.
* The &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;/page/data-parsoid&lt;/code&gt; REST API endpoint is no longer in use and will be deprecated. It is [[phab:T393557|scheduled to be turned off]] on June 7, 2025.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration IPv6 support] is a newly introduced Cloud virtual network that significantly boosts Wikimedia platforms' scalability, security, and readiness for the future. If you are a technical contributor eager to learn more, check out [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ this blog post] for an in-depth look at the journey to IPv6.

'''Meetings and events'''
* The 2nd edition of 2025 of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]], a virtual platform for African Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 May 15 at 17:00 UTC]. This edition will focus on discussions regarding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|Wikimedia Annual planning and progress]].
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], a virtual meeting for [[w:en:Middle East and North Africa|MENA]] Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 May 17 at 17:00 UTC]. You can [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|register now]] to attend.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W20&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:38, 12 Silimin gɔli May 2025 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28714188 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-21&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Peacock language model for the following languages: Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and Japanese. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on May 23, which will be the start date of the test.

'''Updates for editors'''

* From May 20, 2025, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|oversighters]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|checkusers]] will need to have their accounts secured with two-factor authentication (2FA) to be able to use their advanced rights. All users who belong to these two groups and do not have 2FA enabled have been informed. In the future, this requirement may be extended to other users with advanced rights. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Learn more]].
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]]  [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] will begin mass deployment by the end of the month: all non-Wikipedia projects plus Catalan Wikipedia will adopt Multiblocks in the week of May 26, while all other Wikipedias will adopt it in the week of June 2. Please [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|contact the team]] if you have concerns. Administrators can test the new user interface now on your own wiki by browsing to [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], and can test the full multiblocks functionality [[testwiki:Special:Block|on testwiki]]. Multiblocks is the feature that makes it possible for administrators to impose different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|help page]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121]
* Later this week, the [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] listing of almost all special pages will be updated with a new design. This page has been [[phab:T219543|redesigned]] to improve the user experience in a few ways, including: The ability to search for names and aliases of the special pages, sorting, more visible marking of restricted special pages, and a more mobile-friendly look. The new version can be [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages previewed] at Beta Cluster now, and feedback shared in the task. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is being enabled on more wikis. For a detailed list of when the extension will be enabled on your wiki, please read the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|deployment timeline]].
* [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] will be deployed on May 27 on five Wiktionaries: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], and [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maldivian]]. This is the second batch of deployment planned for the project. After deployment, the projects will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in their pages. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template.
* Later this week, the Wikimedia Foundation will publish a hub for [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|experiments]]. This is to showcase and get user feedback on product experiments. The experiments help the Wikimedia movement [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|understand new users]], how they interact with the internet and how it could affect the Wikimedia movement. Some examples are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|generated video]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|Wikipedia Roblox speedrun game]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|the Discord bot]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with creating an account using the API, which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Gadgets and user scripts that interact with [[{{#special:Block}}]] may need to be updated to work with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|manage blocks interface]]. Please review the [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|developer guide]] for more information. If you need help or are unable to adapt your script to the new interface, please let the team know on the [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121]
* The &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.title&lt;/code&gt; object allows you to get information about a specific wiki page in the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Lua|Lua]] programming language. Starting this week, a new property will be added to the object, named &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;isDisambiguationPage&lt;/code&gt;. This property allows you to check if a page is a disambiguation page, without the need to write a custom function. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] User script developers can use a [[toolforge:gitlab-content|new reverse proxy tool]] to load javascript and css from [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] with &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.loader.load&lt;/code&gt;. The tool's author hopes this will enable collaborative development workflows for user scripts including linting, unit tests, code generation, and code review on &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;gitlab.wikimedia.org&lt;/bdi&gt; without a separate copy-and-paste step to publish scripts to a Wikimedia wiki for integration and acceptance testing. See [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content on Wikitech]] for more information.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The 12th edition of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], a forum that brings together researchers that explore all aspects of Wikimedia projects, will be held virtually on 21-22 May. Researchers can [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ register now].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W21&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:12, 19 Silimin gɔli May 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-22&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* A community-wide discussion about a very delicate issue for the development of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is now open on Meta: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. The discussion is open until June 12 at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], and every opinion is welcomed. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Since last week, on all wikis except [[phab:T388604|the largest 20]], people using the mobile visual editor will have [[phab:T385851|additional tools in the menu bar]], accessed using the new &lt;code&gt;+&lt;/code&gt; toolbar button. To start, the new menu will include options to add: citations, hieroglyphs, and code blocks. Deployment to the remaining wikis is [[phab:T388605|scheduled]] to happen in June.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]&lt;/code&gt; parser function will no longer register a link to its target page. This will improve the usefulness of [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], which will eventually only list pages that are the target of an actual red link. This change will happen gradually as the source pages are updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019]
* This week, the Moderator Tools team will launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], starting at Indonesian Wikipedia. This new filter highlights edits that are likely to be reverted. The goal is to help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic edits. Other wikis will benefit from this filter in the future.
* Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. Readers of Catalan, Hebrew, and Italian Wikipedias and some sister projects will receive the change between May 21 and mid-June. Readers of other wikis will receive the change later. The goal is to encourage users to read the wikis more. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]].
* Some users of the Wikipedia Android app can use a new feature for readers, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], a daily trivia game based on real historical events. The release has started as an A/B test, available to 50% of users in the following languages: English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Newsletter extension]] that is available on MediaWiki.org allows the creation of [[mw:Special:Newsletters|various newsletters]] for global users. The extension can now publish new issues as section links on an existing page, instead of requiring a new page for each issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The previously deprecated &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]&lt;/code&gt; views in [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will be removed in the beginning of June. Users are encouraged to query the new &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]&lt;/code&gt; views instead.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]] is a multi-day online event that will focus on how Wikidata is integrated to Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects. The event runs from May 29 – June 1. You can [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|read the Program schedule]] and [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|register]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W22&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:05, 26 Silimin gɔli May 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-23&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;_default&lt;/code&gt; key in the local &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]&lt;/bdi&gt; page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;action=login&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;action=clientlogin&lt;/code&gt; will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;action=login&lt;/code&gt; without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205]
* From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;async&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;await&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W23&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:55, 2 Silimin gɔli June 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-24&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716]
[[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]]
* The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] (&quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot;). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121]
* Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492]
* This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]].
* Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;pageImage&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;pageAssessments&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W24&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:17, 10 Silimin gɔli June 2025 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2025 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue V, May 2025&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Enhancing the LGBTQ+ content in Albanian Wikipedia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Belgium Public Domain Day and Dance Heritage
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Video resource on Wikimedia Brasil and Casa de Oswaldo Cruz Partnership Released
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: SPRINGing back activities
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: National Library of the CR events and important guests
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Europe report|Europe report]]: DARIAH DHwiki WG coming activity 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/India report|India report]]: GLAM project starts with Nanda Talukdar Foundation at Jorhat, Assam
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: GLAM Wiki Month 2025 in Indonesia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: From charts to concrete
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Traditional Albanian Food Photography Competition 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Update from Auckland Museum; Let the Wikifying Commence; Listful Thinking 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Architectural Folklore Campaign Series
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Celebrating Museums and strengthening #1Lib1Ref connections
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Some news from Spain
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: International Museum Day 2025; CoCreation PTT-Archive; Scoring Girls
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: The 18th language
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Spring GLAM news from Ukraine – first major survey for GLAM institutions &amp; yet another successful #1Lib1Ref
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: May meetings
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group May monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Preparing the data upload
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 06:00, 10 Silimin gɔli June 2025 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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      <origin>115059</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="328" sha1="9rd4fkcq0o3nfwyyr7ouczc49020vgf" xml:space="preserve">Sinsabiga = the name of the tree
Sinsaba = fruit

== [[File:Bark of African grape tree DSCN5760 (1).jpg|thumb|Sinsabiga pɔɣu]] ==

[[File:Bark of African grape tree DSCN5760 (1).jpg|thumb|Sinsabiga pɔɣu]] [[Ŋun su:Abdulganiw|Abdulganiw]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:Abdulganiw|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 14:44, 2 Silimin gɔli June 2025 (GMT)</text>
      <sha1>9rd4fkcq0o3nfwyyr7ouczc49020vgf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tama</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>12431</id>
    <revision>
      <id>115017</id>
      <parentid>45684</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-09T12:26:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdulganiw</username>
        <id>5522</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Di anfaanima */</comment>
      <origin>115017</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="417" sha1="afbjl41yvgdi81g8xfgupykjm0wupdi" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Tama''' nyɛla bin wolli din dira.Di malisi pam ka lahi Mali [[alaafee]]. Lahibali wuhiya ni gbansabila tingbana ni ko ka di be. Di kpila([[kpihi]]) mali anfaani n-ti [[daadam]]. Di mali li  n-maandi kpakahili. 

== Di anfaanima ==
Di nyɛla bindirigu zaŋ ti daadama mini binneembihi kamani zɔna.
Di lahi mali di kpam maa n'ʒieri ti niŋgbuna, ka lahi mali li n-duɣiri bindirigu

== Kundivihira ==</text>
      <sha1>afbjl41yvgdi81g8xfgupykjm0wupdi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>115018</id>
      <parentid>115017</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-09T12:38:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdulganiw</username>
        <id>5522</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>I have created a link</comment>
      <origin>115018</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="421" sha1="dcmwqi3oa1j3xei20ztafpn4fe9oe9j" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''[[Tama]]''' nyɛla bin wolli din dira.Di malisi pam ka lahi Mali [[alaafee]]. Lahibali wuhiya ni gbansabila tingbana ni ko ka di be. Di kpila([[kpihi]]) mali anfaani n-ti [[daadam]]. Di mali li  n-maandi kpakahili. 

== Di anfaanima ==
Di nyɛla bindirigu zaŋ ti daadama mini binneembihi kamani zɔna.
Di lahi mali di kpam maa n'ʒieri ti niŋgbuna, ka lahi mali li n-duɣiri bindirigu

== Kundivihira ==</text>
      <sha1>dcmwqi3oa1j3xei20ztafpn4fe9oe9j</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Efa Iwara</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>21596</id>
    <revision>
      <id>115052</id>
      <parentid>108082</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-09T15:08:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdul Rahman Abdul Kudus</username>
        <id>5829</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>n yihiya linki gaba</comment>
      <origin>115052</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13926" sha1="s2pmuf9hoit3xb2f6vr3hhidt705i6v" xml:space="preserve">{{Bio}}
'''Efa Iwara''', nyɛla bɛ ni lahi mi so Efa, o nyɛla Nigeriakpɛrikpɛrita ŋun n nyɛ doo mini rapper.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Posner|first=Abigail|date=16 September 2020|title=Efa Iwara biography: Age, height, state of origin, wife, movies|url=https://www.legit.ng/1363013-efa-iwara-biography-age-height-state-origin-wife-movies.html|access-date=14 February 2021|website=www.legit.ng|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== O piligu mini o shikuru chandi ==
Iwara nyɛla bɛ ni doɣi so silimiin gɔli August biɛɣu pishi dali yuuni 1990 Ibadan, Oyo State ka o ba nyɛ Professor of Linguistics ka o ma mi yina Libraria. O nyɛla bɛ ni wumsi so [[Ugep]] din n be Cross River State.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Posner|first=Abigail|date=16 September 2020|title=Efa Iwara biography: Age, height, state of origin, wife, movies|url=https://www.legit.ng/1363013-efa-iwara-biography-age-height-state-origin-wife-movies.html|access-date=14 February 2021|website=www.legit.ng|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shaibu|first=Husseini|date=5 December 2020|title=Their excellencies… Best of Nollywood leading men file out today|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/their-excellencies-best-of-nollywood-leading-men-file-out-today/|url-status=dead|access-date=11 October 2021|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=17 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217190644/https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/their-excellencies-best-of-nollywood-leading-men-file-out-today/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O nyɛla ŋun n chaŋ Staff School, din n be Ibadan o primary education, ni International School, Barth Road, Ibadan, o secondary education. O nyɛla ŋun n naagi shikuru yuli booni [[University of Ibadan]], ni bachelor's degree din n jɛndi Geography.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Justin|date=6 July 2020|title=Efa Iwara: Age, Career, Relationship, All The FACTS|url=https://heavyng.com/blog/efa-iwara-age-bio/|access-date=13 February 2021|website=Heavyng.Com|language=en-US|archive-date=14 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114140423/https://heavyng.com/blog/efa-iwara-age-bio/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Better source needed|date=December 2021}}

== O tuma ==

Iwara nyɛla ŋun n piligi o tuma entertainment industry puuni n nyɛ yili yiina yuuni 2006 ni group yuli booni  X-Factor with DJ Clem,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=BellaNaija.com|date=11 January 2011|title=Who Is…Efa|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2011/01/who-is-efa/|access-date=13 February 2021|website=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bolaji, Jide mini Boye. Din doli din n bi mali group maa, o daa bahila o tuuli single mini 5 track EP din yuli booni Waka EP yuuni 2011. O bahigu official single daa nyɛla din yuli booni “Fall in Love” ka Plantashun Boiz timi o nuu yuuni  2014

&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=18 February 2020|title=How Efa Iwara Abandoned A Struggling Music Career To Make It Big In Nollywood|url=https://thenet.ng/how-efa-iwara-abandoned-a-struggling-music-career-to-make-it-big-in-nollywood/|url-status=live|access-date=13 February 2021|website=[[Nigerian Entertainment Today]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O daa nyɛla ŋun n piligi o diɛma kpɛrigu yuuni 2011 episode of Tinsel n nyɛ debate moderator. O daa na kuli nyɛla ŋun n mali zaɣi ni yila lala saha ŋɔ. Din daa paya puuni o ni daa yina nyɛla piligu season din n nyɛ MTV Shuga Naija yuuni 2013.O daa nyɛla ŋuni n na ka kpɛrigu ni hali ni yuuni 2016 o daa be on Life 101 for Ebonylife TV.&lt;ref name=&quot;:032&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=18 February 2020|title=How Efa Iwara Abandoned A Struggling Music Career To Make It Big In Nollywood|url=https://thenet.ng/how-efa-iwara-abandoned-a-struggling-music-career-to-make-it-big-in-nollywood/|url-status=live|access-date=13 February 2021|website=[[Nigerian Entertainment Today]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;lala saha maa, o daa nyɛla ŋun yina TV series puuni din gbaai ''Ajoche'', din n nyɛAfrica Magic original, ''Rumor Has It'' minj ''The Men's Club''.O nyɛla ŋun lahi timi nuu ni filim nim ka mani ''Isoken'', ''Seven'' and ''Rattlesnake: The Ahanna Story''. O daa nyɛla ŋun n nyɛ o piligu [[Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Africa Magic Viewers’ Choice Award (AMVCA)]] piibu domini o kpaŋ maŋa buyo pɔin puuni.    

{{Better source needed|date=December 2021}}

== Discography ==

=== Albums ===

* ''Without a Pulse - 2020''&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shaibu|first=Husseini|date=5 December 2020|title=Their excellencies… Best of Nollywood leading men file out today|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/their-excellencies-best-of-nollywood-leading-men-file-out-today/|url-status=dead|access-date=11 October 2021|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=17 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217190644/https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/their-excellencies-best-of-nollywood-leading-men-file-out-today/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== EPs ===

* ''Waka EP - 2011''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=BellaNaija.com|date=4 November 2011|title=New Video: EFA – Number One|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2011/11/new-video-efa-number-one/|access-date=14 February 2021|website=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Singles&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 October 2020|title=Full biography of Nigerian actor Efa Iwara and other facts about him|url=https://dnbstories.com/2020/10/full-biography-of-nigerian-actor-efa-iwara.html|access-date=14 February 2021|website=DNB Stories|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ===

* &quot;Fall in Love&quot; {{Small|(featuring [[Plantashun Boiz]])}}
* &quot;Letter to the President Elect&quot;
* &quot;Sunmobi&quot; {{Small|(featuring [[Olamide]])}}
* &quot;Over you&quot; {{Small|(featuring [[Praiz]])}}
* &quot;Open and Close&quot; {{Small|(featuring [[Dammy Krane]])}}
* &quot;Obandi&quot; {{Small|(featuring Pelli)}}
* &quot;Enigma&quot;
* &quot;E2DFA (E to the F-A)&quot;

== Filmography ==

=== Television ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Ref
|-
|2013
|[[Shuga Naija|''MTV'' ''Shuga'']]
|
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=18 February 2020|title=How Efa Iwara Abandoned A Struggling Music Career To Make It Big In Nollywood|url=https://thenet.ng/how-efa-iwara-abandoned-a-struggling-music-career-to-make-it-big-in-nollywood/|url-status=live|access-date=13 February 2021|website=[[Nigerian Entertainment Today]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2018
|''[[The Men's Club (Nigerian Webseries)|The Men's Club]]''
|Tayo
|Alongside [[Ayoola Ayolola]] and [[Sharon Ooja]]
|&lt;ref name=&quot;BellaNaija.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=BellaNaija.com|date=1 July 2020|title=&quot;The Men’s Club&quot; Fans, Get in Here! Listen to Ayoola &amp; Efa Iwara sing &quot;Safe With Me&quot;|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/07/ayoola-feat-efa-iwara-safe-with-me/|access-date=14 February 2021|website=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Rumour Has It'' 
|
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|''Ajoche''
|
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Club|first=Film Rats|date=22 June 2019|title=REMEMBERING AJOCHE by Dika Ofoma|url=https://filmratsclub.com/2019/06/22/remembering-ajoche/|access-date=14 February 2021|website=Film Rats Club|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Corper Shun''
|
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Tv|first=Bn|date=5 April 2018|title=Must Watch! Efa Iwara, Chiagoziem Nwakanma star in Accelerate TV’s ‘Corper Shun’ {{!}} Teaser|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/04/must-watch-efa-iwara-chiagoziem-nwakanma-star-accelerate-tvs-corper-shun-teaser/|access-date=14 February 2021|website=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2021
|''Ricordi''
|
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=11 February 2021|title=Watch the official trailer for 'Ricordi' web series|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/watch-the-official-trailer-for-ricordi-web-series/5fp59bc|access-date=14 February 2021|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''[[King of Boys: The Return of the King|King of Boys: The]]'' 
''[[King of Boys: The Return of the King|Return of the King]]''
|Dapo Banjo
|Alongside [[Sola Sobowale]] and [[Toni Tones]]
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Adekanye|first=Modupe|date=26 July 2021|title=King Of Boys: The Return Of The King Returns As 7-Episode Series|url=https://editor.guardian.ng/life/king-of-boys-the-return-of-the-king-returns-as-7-episode-series/|url-status=dead|access-date=6 August 2021|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729140833/https://editor.guardian.ng/life/king-of-boys-the-return-of-the-king-returns-as-7-episode-series/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2022
|''[[Diiche]]''
|Folajimi Gbajumo
|Alongside Uzoamaka Onuoha and [[Daniel K. Daniel]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Meet the Cast for DIICHE; Showmax’s First Nigerian Original Series |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2022/10/diiche-cast/ |website=BellaNaija |access-date=23 October 2022 |date=6 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

=== Films ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Ref
|-
|2021
|''[[A Naija Christmas]]''
|Obi
|Alongside [[Kunle Remi]] and Abayomi Alvin
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=‘A Naija Christmas’ Review: Honoring a Mother’s Wish - The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/16/movies/a-naija-christmas-review.html|website=The New York Times|accessdate=16 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |''2020''
|''[[This Lady Called Life]]''
|Obinna
|Alongside [[Bisola Aiyeola]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title='This Lady Called Life' is a poignant love story on abuse &amp; redemption [Pulse review]|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/this-lady-called-life-is-a-poignant-love-story-on-abuse-and-redemption-pulse-review/5wj65g3.amp|access-date=14 February 2021|website=www.pulse.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''[[Finding Hubby]]''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Rattlesnake: The Ahanna Story]]'' 
|Bala
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=BellaNaija.com|title=Stan Nze, Osas Ighodaro, Efa Iwara – Meet the All-Star Cast of Charles Okpaleke’s &quot;Rattlesnake: The Ahanna Story&quot;|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/09/rattlesnake-cast-posters/|access-date=14 February 2021|website=www.bellanaija.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''[[The Sessions (2020 film)]]''
|
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Here's all you need to know about 'Sessions' starring Efa Iwara, Omowunmi Dada|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/heres-all-you-need-to-know-about-sessions-starring-efa-iwara-omowunmi-dada/1vy9bj6.amp|access-date=14 February 2021|website=www.pulse.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2019
|''[[Seven (2019 Nigerian film)|Seven]]''
|
|Alongside [[Richard Mofe-Damijo]] and [[Sadiq Daba]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Tochukwu|first=Nwobi|date=29 October 2019|title=Watch Trailer for &quot;Seven&quot; Starring RMD, Orezi, Efa Iwara, Daddy Showkey; Directed By Tosin Igho|url=https://exclusiverawnaija.com/watch-trailer-for-seven-starring-rmd-orezi-efa-iwara-daddy-showkey-directed-by-tosin-igho/|access-date=14 February 2021|website=ExclusiveRawNaija|language=en-US|archive-date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007015055/https://exclusiverawnaija.com/watch-trailer-for-seven-starring-rmd-orezi-efa-iwara-daddy-showkey-directed-by-tosin-igho/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''2018''
|''[[The Eve (2018 film)|The Eve]]'' 
|
|
|
|-
|''2017''
|''[[Isoken]]'' 
|
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=nollywoodreinvented|date=17 July 2018|title=Isoken|url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2018/07/isoken.html|access-date=14 February 2021|website=Nollywood Reinvented|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''2016''
|''Put a Ring on It'' 
|
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Efa Iwara – Auditions.ng|url=http://auditions.ng/archives/actor/7637|access-date=14 February 2021|language=en-US|archive-date=19 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019024922/http://auditions.ng/archives/actor/7637|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Film
!Result
!Ref
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2020
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[2020 Best of Nollywood Awards|Best of Nollywood Awards]]
|Best Actor in a Lead role – English
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''The Sessions''
|{{nom}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
|-
|Best Kiss in a Movie
|{{nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=12 December 2020|title=Behold hot steppers and winners at BON awards 2020|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/12/behold-hot-steppers-and-winners-at-bon-awards-2020/|access-date=11 October 2021|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Award]]
|Best Actor in a Drama 
|''Seven''
|{{nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Augoye|first=Jayne|date=18 March 2020|title=Nigeria: AMVCA 2020 Highlights - Best Moments of the Night|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202003180216.html|access-date=22 July 2021|website=allAfrica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|[[Net Honours]]
|Most Popular Actor
|{{n/a}}
|{{nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Net Honours - The Class of 2021|url=https://thenet.ng/net-honours-class-of-2021/|url-status=live|access-date=21 July 2021|website=[[Nigerian Entertainment Today]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2022
|[[2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards]]
|Best Actor in A Drama
|''This Lady Called Life'' 
|{{nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=2022 Africa Magic Awards Nominees don land- See who dey list |work=BBC News Pidgin |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60818021 |access-date=26 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{IMDb name|id=6170425}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Iwara, Efa}}
[[Category:Nigerian male television actors]]
[[Category:Nigerian male musicians]]
[[Category:Nigerian male rappers]]
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Musicians from Ibadan]]
[[Category:International School, Ibadan alumni]]
[[Category:Male actors from Ibadan]]
[[Category:Nigerian male film actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Nigerian male actors]]
[[Category:University of Ibadan alumni]]
[[Category:Actors from Oyo State]]
[[Category:Nigerian rappers]]


{{Nigeria-actor-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>s2pmuf9hoit3xb2f6vr3hhidt705i6v</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Francisco Zurburán</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>30179</id>
    <revision>
      <id>115046</id>
      <parentid>100827</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-09T14:31:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sir Amugi</username>
        <id>124</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kundivihira */</comment>
      <origin>115046</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8997" sha1="oowim08yz5nm5fnivm65s9spn6j36y6" xml:space="preserve">{{Bio}}

{{short description|Spanish painter (1598–1664)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
'''Francisco de Zurbarán''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|z|ʊər|b|ə|ˈ|r|ɑː|n}} {{respell|ZOOR|bə|RAHN}}, {{IPA|es|fɾanˈθisko ðe θuɾβaˈɾan|lang}}; baptized 7 November 1598 – 27 August 1664{{sfn|Ressort|Jordan|2003}}) daa nyɛla Spain peenta-peenta. O daa nyɛla ŋun peentiri Adiini binyɛra. Zurbarán daa di la yu'paa din nyɛ &quot;Spanish [[Caravaggio]]&quot;.

O ba n-daa nyɛ peenta-peenta ŋun yuli booni [[Juan de Zurbarán]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NG&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Two new paintings now on display |url=https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/about-us/press-and-media/press-releases/two-new-paintings-now-on-display-at-the-national-gallery |access-date=2021-03-18 |website=National Gallery}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Maŋmaŋa biɛhigu==
[[File:Francisco de Zurbarán 058.jpg|thumb|left|1633 portrait of [[Francisco Zumel]]]]
Zurbarán nyɛla bɛ ni daa dɔɣi so yuuni 1598, [[Fuente de Cantos]], [[Extremadura]]; Dolodolonima daa su o kom Anashaara goli 7 November lala yuuni maa.{{sfn|Harris|2005|p=208}}{{sfn|Gállego|Gudiol|1977|p=135}}{{sfn|Baticle|1987|p=53}} O laamba n daa nyɛ Luis de Zurbarán mini o paɣa Isabel Márquez.{{sfn|Gállego|Gudiol|1977|p=135}}{{sfn|Baticle|1987|p=53}} O ni daa nyɛ bia o daa malila sala n-bɔhindi binyɛra peentibu.{{sfn|Rossetti|1911|p=1056}} 

== Anfooninima ==
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;250&quot; heights=&quot;250&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt;
File:SantoDomingoenSoriano.jpg|''[[Santo Domingo en Soriano]]'', 1626, [[Santa María Magdalena, Seville]]&lt;ref name=&quot;artehistoria.com&quot; /&gt;
File:Francisco de Zurbarán - Christ on the Cross - WGA26051.jpg|''[[Christ on the Cross (Zurbarán)|Christ on the Cross]]'', 1627, [[Art Institute of Chicago]]
File:San Serapio, por Francisco de Zurbarán.jpg|[[Saint Serapion (Zurbarán)|''Saint Serapion'']], 1628, [[Wadsworth Atheneum]], Hartford
File:The Immaculate Conception - Zurbarán - Prado.jpg|''Immaculate Conception'', 1630, [[Museo del Prado]], Madrid
File:Zurbaran.jpg|''The Death of [[St. Bonaventure]]'' (''The Body of St. Bonaventure in the Presence of [[Pope Gregory X]] and [[James I of Aragon]]''), 1629–1630, [[Louvre Museum]], Paris 
File:La Virgen niña en éxtasis, por Francisco de Zurbarán.jpg|''[[The Young Virgin]]'', 1630, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York
File:Francisco de Zurbarán - Santa Casilda.jpg|''[[Casilda of Toledo|Saint Casilda of Toledo]]'', 1630-1635, [[Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum]], Madrid
File:Francisco de Zurbarán 047.jpg|''[[Saint Margaret of Antioch (Zurbarán)|Saint Margaret as a shepherdess]]'', 1631 [[National Gallery]], London
File:Francisco de Zurbarán 014.jpg|''[[The Defence of Cádiz against the English]]'', 1634, [[Museo del Prado]], Madrid
File:Hércules lucha con la hidra de Lerna, por Zurbarán.jpg|[[Hercules and the Hydra (Zurbarán)|''Hercules and the Hydra'']], 1634, [[Museo del Prado]], Madrid
File:Francisco de Zurbarán - Doctor of Law.jpg|''A Doctor of Law'', 1635, [[Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum]], Boston
File:Santa Isabel de Portugal.jpg|[[Saint Elizabeth of Portugal (Zurbarán)|''Saint Elizabeth of Portugal'']], c. 1635, [[Museo del Prado]], Madrid
File:Francisco de Zurbarán 046.jpg|''[[Saint Luke Painting the Crucifixion|Saint Luke as a Painter before Christ on the Cross]]'', c. 1635–1640, [[Museo del Prado]], Madrid
File:La Anunciación, por Francisco de Zurbarán.jpg|''The Annunciation'', 1637–1639, [[Museum of Grenoble]], France
File:Francisco de Zurbarán 049.jpg|''[[Saint Rufina]]'', c. 1635–1640, [[National Gallery of Ireland]], Dublin
File:Francisco de Zurbarán 006.jpg|[[Agnus Dei, (Zurbarán)|''Agnus Dei'']], c. 1635–1640, [[Museo del Prado]], Madrid
File:Saint Francis of assisi in his tomb.jpg|''Saint Francis of Assisi in His Tomb'', 1630/34, [[Milwaukee Art Museum]]
File:La casa de Nazaret, por Zurbarán.jpg|''[[The House in Nazareth|Christ and the Virgin in the House at Nazareth]]'',&lt;br /&gt; c. 1631–1640,&lt;br /&gt; [[Cleveland Museum of Art]]
File:Francisco de Zurbarán - The Holy Family.jpg|''The Holy Family'', 1659, [[Szépművészeti Múzeum]], Budapest
File:Bodegón de recipientes (Zurbarán).jpg|''[[Still Life with Pots]]'', c. 1650,  [[Museo del Prado]], Madrid
File:San Hugo en el Refectorio.jpg|''[[St Hugh in the Carthusian Refectory]]'' c. 1655, [[Museum of Fine Arts of Seville]]
File:Francisco de Zurbarán - St Francis - WGA26075.jpg|[[Francis of Assisi|''Saint Francis'']], c. 1658–1664, [[Alte Pinakothek]], Munich
File:Francisco de Zurbarán 056.jpg|''[[The Virgin Mary as a Child Praying]]'', c. 1658–1664, [[Hermitage Museum]], Saint Petersburg
File:Zurbarán - San Francisco en oración, 1659.jpg|''Saint Francis in Prayer'', 1659, [[Museo del Prado]], Madrid
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Kundivihira==
{{Reflist}} 
&lt;ref name=&quot;auck_Zurb&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Zurbarán paintings : Art and exhibitions at Auckland Castle |work=The Auckland Project |access-date=20 January 2020 |url=https://www.aucklandproject.org/zurbaran-paintings/ |archive-date=28 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728230018/https://www.aucklandproject.org/zurbaran-paintings/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;muse_Expo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Exposición – Zurbarán. A New Perspective |work=Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza |access-date=20 January 2020 |url= https://www.museothyssen.org/en/exhibitions/zurbaran-new-perspective }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;clarkart.edu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hercules as a Symbol of the Spanish Monarchy |work=Splendor, Myth, and Vision: Nudes from the Prado |access-date=20 January 2020 |url=https://www.clarkart.edu/Mini-Sites/Splendor-Myth-and-Vision/Hercules-as-a-Symbol |archive-date=13 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213030939/http://www.clarkart.edu/Mini-Sites/Splendor-Myth-and-Vision/Hercules-as-a-Symbol |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;artehistoria.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Santo Domingo in Soriano |work=artehistoria.com |date=2017 |access-date=20 January 2020 |url=https://www.artehistoria.com/es/obra/santo-domingo-en-soriano |language=es |archive-date=6 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206163251/https://www.artehistoria.com/es/obra/santo-domingo-en-soriano |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

}}

===Sources===
{{refbegin|2|indent=yes}}

*{{cite book|author-link=Jeannine Baticle|last=Baticle|first= Jeannine|chapter=Francisco de Zurbaran: A Chronological Review|editor-last= Baticle|editor-first= Jeannine|title=Zurbaran|publisher= Metropolitan Museum of Art |date=1987}}
*{{cite book|last1=Bussagli|first1=Marco |last2=Reiche|first2=Mattia |title=Baroque &amp; Rococo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05d1QToebb4C&amp;pg=PA95|year=2009|publisher=Sterling|location=New York and London|isbn=978-1-4027-5925-3}}
*{{cite book|last1=Gállego|first1=Julián |last2=Gudiol|first2=José |title=Zurbarán, 1598–1664|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j6ILAQAAMAAJ|year=1977|publisher=Secker &amp; Warburg|isbn=9780436172205 }}
*{{cite book|last1=Gállego|first1=Julián |last2=Gudiol|first2=José |title=Zurbarán|date=1987|location= London|publisher=Alpine Fine Arts Collection, Ltd|isbn=0-88168-115-6}}
*{{cite magazine |url=https://newcriterion.com/issues/1987/12/zurbaran-for-the-most-part |title=Zurbarán, for the most part |first=Creighton |last=Gilbert |date=December 1987 |magazine=[[The New Criterion]]|url-access=subscription }}
*{{cite book|last=Goodwin|first=Robert |title=Spain: The Centre of the World 1519–1682|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zKb3BwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA474|date= 2015|publisher=Bloomsbury |isbn=978-1-4088-4357-4}}
*{{cite book|last=Harris|first=Ann Sutherland |title=Seventeenth-century Art and Architecture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xd0CuzsPYJcC&amp;pg=PA208|year=2005|publisher=Laurence King |isbn=978-1-85669-415-5}}
*{{cite book|last=Mallory|first=Nina A. |title=El Greco to Murillo: Spanish Painting in the Golden Age, 1556–1700|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0tnqAAAAMAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Harper &amp; Row|isbn=978-0-06-435531-5}}
* {{cite book|last=Pérez|first=Javier Portús |title=The Spanish Portrait: From El Greco to Picasso|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jibrAAAAMAAJ|year=2004|publisher=Museo Nacional del Prado|isbn=978-1-85759-374-7}}
*{{citation|last1=Ressort|first1 =Claudie|last2=Jordan|first2= William B.|title= Zurbarán, de family|work =Grove Art Online|doi=10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T093699|date=2003|isbn =9781884446054}}
* {{EB1911|wstitle=Zurbaran, Francisco|volume=28|pages=1056–1057|first=William Michael|last=Rossetti|author-link=William Michael Rossetti}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{commons|Francisco de Zurbarán}}
*[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/63943/rec/406''Zurbarán''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF)

{{Francisco de Zurbarán|state=expanded}}
{{Caravaggisti}}
{{Authority control (arts)|country=ES}}

[[Pubu:Lahabaya zaa]]
[[Pubu:Ninsala]]</text>
      <sha1>oowim08yz5nm5fnivm65s9spn6j36y6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Benin Tahaʒari</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>31974</id>
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      <id>115043</id>
      <parentid>112675</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-09T14:29:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdul Rahman Abdul Kudus</username>
        <id>5829</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>n yihiya linki gaba</comment>
      <origin>115043</origin>
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      <text bytes="52779" sha1="tht6qvds7x9y5d534rmo9o41w364479" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''''Benin Tahaʒɛri''''' nyɛla kuri paɣa mini bin kpɛri shɛŋa din n laɣim taba m bo nachinsi n dihi Benin Nayili, din pa n-nyɛ ''Edo State'', [[Nigeria]]. Lala ''metal plaques'' nima ŋɔ nyɛla ''Guild of Benin Bronze Casters'' nima, ban pa m be ''Igun Street'' puuni ŋɔ, din nyɛ bɛ ni lahi m booni shɛli ni ''Igun-Eronmwon Quarters'' la ni daa yi m malindi shɛli. Lala binyɛra ŋɔ n daa yi n laɣim taba n nam ''Benin art'' Shɛhira shɛŋa ŋan ne n doya kashi ka daa yi n-nyɛ yuuni ''fourteenth century'' la ''artists'' ban daa n-nyɛ Edo niriba la ni daa m maali shɛŋa .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Af1898-0115-23 |title=British Museum, &quot;Curator's comments&quot; |access-date=17 May 2021 |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028163529/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Af1898-0115-23 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.artic.edu/benin/artwork/190110 Benin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028163530/https://archive.artic.edu/benin/artwork/190110 |date=28 October 2021 }}, The Art Institute of Chicago.&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=36}}{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=37}}&lt;ref name=Meyerowitz /&gt;  Lala ''plaques'' ŋɔ, Edo balli nima ni m booni shɛli ni ''Ama'' la,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Digital Benin |url=https://digitalbenin.org/eyo-oto/1 |access-date=2023-11-26 |website=digitalbenin.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;  yi nyɛla din n wuhiri luɣ'shɛŋa bee n ʒeya n-tiri yɛlkpana lala Nayili maa taarihi puuni  .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hicks |first=Dan |title=The Brutish Museums: The Benin Bronzes, Colonial Violence and Cultural Restitution |publisher=Pluto Press |year=2020 |location=London |pages=138–139}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lala ''plaques'' nima ŋɔ nyaaŋa, ''sculptures'' shɛŋa ŋan m be ''brass'' bee ''bronze'' puuni nima n-nyɛ ''portrait heads'', ''jewellery'' (tib'kpariti, baŋsi, nintuhi, ni ŋan n pahi pahi), n ti pahi ''smaller pieces.''
[[File:Benin, portoghese, XVI-XVII sec.JPG|thumb|A 16th-century Benin Bronze depicting a Portuguese soldier, with [[Manilla (money)|manilla]]s in the background ([[Leipzig Museum of Ethnography]])]]
''Sculptures'' shɛŋa ŋan n-tiri suhupiɛlli ŋɔ zooya ka di nyɛla yuuni fourteenth century la dina, amaa ka di zaɣ'bɔbigu mii zooi ka di nyɛ yuuni fifteenth mini sixteenth centuries la puuni dina. Vihigu wuhiya ni &quot;''Golden Ages''&quot; dibaa ayi din m be Benin kuriti tuun'baŋsim puuni nyɛla din daa n yina ''Esigie''  1550) mini  Eresoyen (1735–1750) nima nam saha puuni saha shɛli bɛ tuun'baŋsim ni daa n zani di naba ayi zuɣu la.{{sfn|Greenfield|2007|p=122}}

Lala ''plaque'' nima ŋɔ pam mini binyɛra shɛŋa daa nyɛla gbanpiɛlla la ni daa n va shɛŋa ''Benin Expedition of 1897'' saha la puuni n chaŋ pirimila bɛ mini  ban n daa m be ''Southern Nigeria'' nima dimba la ni daa n-nyɛ yim la zuɣu.&lt;ref name=&quot;British&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/benin-bronzes-british-museum-nigeria-stolen-imperialist-treasures-return-loan-elgin-marbles-looted-a8414661.html|title=British museums may loan Nigeria bronzes that were taken from Nigeria by the British|first=Adam|last=Lusher|date=24 June 2018|website=The Independent|access-date=14 December 2018|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030042646/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/benin-bronzes-british-museum-nigeria-stolen-imperialist-treasures-return-loan-elgin-marbles-looted-a8414661.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lala so'chandiba ŋɔ  daa nyɛla ban n tumdi n doli gbanpiɛlla ŋɔ zalisi ni bɛ bɔhi biɛri n-ti ban gbanpiɛlla ŋɔ ninvuɣ'shɛba mini bɛ Africa tuumba shɛba bɛ ni daa n-tim na silimin gɔli January yuuni 1897 puuni ka bɛ daa ti n koŋ bɛ nyavuya la zuɣu. Shikuru baŋdi'shɛba kamani  ''Dan Hicks'', daa nyɛla ŋɔ yɛli ni lala ''expedition'' nima maa zaa daa nyɛla din n pahi bɛ shɛ'shɛŋa bɛ ni daa n mali ka n nuɣisi n lɛbi fitiina bee nahingu ni bɛ zaŋ n liri Africa n ti zaŋ bɛ European sulinsi m biri ka n dehi daabiligu anfaani nima shɛŋa ŋa m be ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hicks |first=Dan |title=The Brutish Museums: the Benin Bronzes, colonial violence and cultural restitution |publisher=Pluto Press |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-7453 4176-7 |pages=3, 40–42, 67–69, 84}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bɛ daa n zaŋla lala expedition ŋɔ n va two hundred pieces n tahi ''British Museum'' din m be London puuni la ka zaŋ ŋan n kpalim maa mii zaa n tahi European museums ŋan n kpalim la gba nima mii puuni  {{sfn|Greenfield|2007|p=124}}  Di nyɛla din n zooi pam British Museum puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;British&quot; /&gt; ka naain n yi che din gba m-be m-be Germany mini United States shɛŋa ŋan m mali yuya la nima puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;USA23&quot;&gt;''Benin Diplomatic Handbook'', p. 23.&lt;/ref&gt;

Yuuni 19th-century la nyaaŋa shikuru baŋdiba  ''O. M. Dalton'' mini ''Charles Hercules Read'' nima ban daa deei n bahindila bɛ yiligu ni lala Benin knowledge of ''metallurgy'' ŋɔ daa nyɛla din n yi ''Portuguese'' daabihi shɛba ban mini Benin nima maa daa pun n-niŋ ningbuna ni taba ''early modern period'' la puuni ka lala yɛligu ŋɔ daa nyɛ din bi n tam kanli zuɣu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meyerowitz&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Meyerowitz |first=Eva L. R. |year=1943 |title=Ancient Bronzes in the Royal Palace at Benin |publisher=The Burlington Magazine Publications, Ltd. |volume=83 |pages=248–253 |jstor=868735 |newspaper=[[The Burlington Magazine]] |number=487}}&lt;/ref&gt; Benin nayili din daa pun nyɛla luɣ'shɛli Africa shɛba ban nina daa pun n nehi nima ni daa m be shɛli n yuui pɔi ka Portuguese daabihi daa naain n chaŋ nimaani,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-africa/west-africa/nigeria/a/benin-and-the-portuguese|title=Benin and the Portuguese|website=Khan Academy|access-date=26 November 2018|archive-date=3 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703051030/https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-africa/west-africa/nigeria/a/benin-and-the-portuguese|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BBCBen&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=The kingdom of Benin |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zpvckqt/articles/z3n7mp3 |access-date=8 July 2021 |archive-date=29 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629031139/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zpvckqt/articles/z3n7mp3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Hali gba bronze nima daa pun nyɛla binshɛli bɛ ni daa pun n malindi shɛli Benin pɔi ka Portuguese nima maa daa naain n yi chaŋ nimaani.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Mihăilescu|first1=Plutarh-Antoniu|title=Întâlnire cu arta africană|date=1968|publisher=Editura Meridiane|page=48|language=ro}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni Benin bronze sculpture tradition la nyɛla bɛ ni yɛli ni shɛli daa n yila ''Kingdom of Ife'' din m be southwest Nigeria nayili kurili shɛli din daa m baɣi ba la puuni na.{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=36}}{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=37}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Meyerowitz&quot; /&gt; 

Ŋanima zaɣibɔbigu n laɣim taba ka bɛ boli li Benin Bronzes,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Gregg |first1=Emma |title=The story of Nigeria's stolen Benin Bronzes, and the London museum returning them |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/nigeria-stolen-benin-bronzes-london-museum |work=[[National Geographic]] |date=2022-09-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; kamani West Africa nima &quot;''bronzes''&quot; pam, di zaɣibilima nyɛla bɛ ni n maali shɛli ''brass'' ŋa nyɛ ''variable composition'' la puuni.{{efn|The [[British Museum]] notes that the term &quot;[[copper alloy]]&quot; is more appropriate in [[museology]] as it avoids the distinction between brass and bronze.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/term_details.aspx?scopeType=Terms&amp;scopeId=18864 British Museum, &quot;Scope Note&quot; for &quot;copper alloy&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818004043/http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/term_details.aspx?scopeType=Terms&amp;scopeId=18864 |date=18 August 2014 }}. Britishmuseum.org. Retrieved 26 May 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;}}  Di shɛŋa gba beni ka bɛ zaŋla ''bronze'' mini ''brass'', ''wood'', ''ceramic'', n ti pahi ''ivory'' ni nɛ'shɛŋa ŋa m pahi pahi n gabi taba n maali ŋanima.{{sfn|Dohlvik|2006|p=21}} Di kuriti yaɣa maa daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n zaŋ  lost-wax casting n maali shɛŋa ka ŋanima nyɛ din m pahi Africa ''sculptures'' shɛŋa bɛ ni zaŋ lala soli (''technique'') ŋɔ n mali ka di mali nintiɣili.{{sfn|Nevadomsky|2004|pp=1, 4, 86–8, 95–6}} Yuuni 15th century la bahigu puuni ka Benin nima daa n pilil ivory, naanzuwa n ti pahi daba kuhibu daabiligu ni&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Santos |first1=Talita Teixeira dos |title=Com a cruz e sem a espada: aspectos da relação comercial entre Portugal e o reino do Benim ao longo dos séculos XV e XVI. |journal=Associação Nacional de História  |date=July 2010 |volume=XIV |url=http://www.encontro2010.rj.anpuh.org/resources/anais/8/1276639759_ARQUIVO_Trabalho_benim.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Portuguese nima ka daa lahi n zaŋ ''manillas'' (brass ingots kamani baŋsi laasabu la ka nyɛ bɛ daa n da shɛli Portuguese nima maa sani)  n pahi ka di nyɛ luɣ'shɛli polo bɛ ni n yihiri bee n nyari kuriti n malindi bɛ ''sculpture''. Lala manillas' brass shɛli bɛ ni daa n yɛli ni shɛli daa tuui n yina The Netherlands la pa nyɛla bɛ ni lahi n yɛli ni shɛli pa nyɛla din n yi ''Rhineland'' region of Germany nima sani na.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=German brass for Benin Bronzes: Geochemical analysis insights into the early Atlantic trade | date=2023 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0283415 |language=en | doi-access=free | last1=Skowronek | first1=Tobias B. | last2=Decorse | first2=Christopher R. | last3=Denk | first3=Rolf | last4=Birr | first4=Stefan D. | last5=Kingsley | first5=Sean | last6=Cook | first6=Gregory D. | last7=Benito Dominguez | first7=Ana María | last8=Clifford | first8=Brandon | last9=Barker | first9=Andrew | last10=Otero | first10=José Suárez | last11=Moreira | first11=Vicente Caramés | last12=Bode | first12=Michael | last13=Jansen | first13=Moritz | last14=Scholes | first14=Daniel | journal=PLOS ONE | volume=18 | issue=4 | pages=e0283415 | pmid=37018227 | pmc=10075414 | bibcode=2023PLoSO..1883415S }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Alberge |first1=Dalya |title=Benin bronzes made from metal mined in west Germany, study finds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/05/benin-bronzes-made-from-brass-mined-in-west-germany-study-finds |website=The Guardian |access-date=8 April 2023 |date=5 April 2023 |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408050236/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/05/benin-bronzes-made-from-brass-mined-in-west-germany-study-finds |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Famous Benin Bronzes from West Africa used metal sourced in Germany |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2368057-famous-benin-bronzes-from-west-africa-used-metal-sourced-in-germany/ |website=New Scientist |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407104457/https://www.newscientist.com/article/2368057-famous-benin-bronzes-from-west-africa-used-metal-sourced-in-germany/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;   
== Taarihi ==
Di nambu mini di tuma biɛhigu puuni 

Lala dramatic sculptures ŋɔ shɛŋa pam nyɛla din daa n yina yuuni thirteenth century la puuni ka di zaɣ'bɔbigu pam mi daa n yina yuuni fifteenth mini sixteenth centuries la puuni. Vihigu wuhiya ni &quot;''Golden Ages''&quot; ŋɔ dibaa ayi din m be Benin kuriti tuun'baŋsim puuni la nyɛla din daa n yina Esigie (fl. 1550) mini Eresoyen (1735–1750) nima saha puuni, dini daa n-niŋ ka bɛ baŋsim zaŋ kpa bɛ tuma polo la daa n zani di naba ayi zuɣu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Igbafe |first1=Phillip |title=Slavery and Emancipation in Benin, 1897-1945 |journal=The Journal of African History |date=1975 |volume=16 |issue=3 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=409–429 |doi=10.1017/S002185370001433X |jstor=180474 |s2cid=161431780 |edition=3 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/180474 |access-date=24 October 2022 |archive-date=1 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301190351/https://www.jstor.org/stable/180474 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
{{Quote box|width=246px|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|align=right|quote=&quot;The king's palace or court is a square, and is as large as the town of [[Haarlem]] and entirely surrounded by a special wall, like that which encircles the town. It is divided into many magnificent palaces, houses, and apartments of the courtiers, and comprises beautiful and long square galleries...resting on wooden pillars, from top to bottom covered with cast copper, on which are engraved the pictures of their war exploits and battles, and are kept very clean.&quot;|source=[[Olfert Dapper]], a Dutch writer, describing Benin in his book ''[[Description of Africa (Olfert Dapper)|Description of Africa]]'' (1668){{sfn|Willett|1985|p=102}}}}
Lala [[Benin]] nayili ŋɔ nyɛla din n deegi din pa n-nyɛ Nigeria ŋɔ ''southern'' yaɣa la bin din daa n gbaai yuuni fourteenth la mini nineteenth centuries la nima puuni, daa nyɛla din n mali ''sculptures'' pam ka ŋa nɛn'shɛŋa kam bɛ ni zaŋ n maali kamani ''iron'', ''bronze'', ''wood'', ''ivory'' n ti pahi ''terra cotta'' nima nyɛ din n gahim n yi di ko. ''Oba'' nayili shɛli din m be Benin City puuni ka nyɛ luɣ'shɛli polo bɛ ni n malindi ''royal'' ancestral altars la n daa lahi n-nyɛ luɣ'shɛli polo bɛ ni  daa yi n niŋdi ''court ceremonial life'' shɛli ''Oba of Benin'', o tɔb'bihi, nanima mini ban mali zaashehi, tindaanba, ninvuɣ'shɛba ban m be nayili maa laɣinsi puuni, tinduya puuni daabihi mini mercenaries, n ti pahi n tumdi n tiri niriba ka bɛ yori ba ni ban n chani nayili maa nima ni mali nuu timbu shɛli puuni. Lala nayili ŋɔ daa nyɛla din laɣim yiya gbaliŋ n gili di sheeni ka daa lahi n-nyɛ luɣ'shɛli polo bɛ ni daa yi mali ''rectangular brass plaques'' din anfooni me n ŋmahim ninvuɣ'shɛba mini yɛl'shɛŋa din che ka court maa ŋmani binvuhirili la bin kɔbiga kɔbiga.&lt;ref name=Ezra&gt;{{cite book|last=Ezra|first=Kate|title=Royal art of Benin: the Perls collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|year=1992|publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art|location=New York|isbn=978-0-8109-6414-3|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/royalartofbeninp0000ezra}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

''Bronze'' mini ''ivory'' binyɛra tumtumsa galiya pam Benin nayili yɛl'maana mini di kootu biɛhigu puuni. Di tuma daa na nyɛla bɛ ni daa na n mali li n dihiri nayili maa nachinsi ka di daa nyɛ din n mali bronze tuma pam ŋa puuni.{{sfn|Pijoan|1966|p=12}} Bɛ daa yi n kpahila kuusanima n sa n sa nayili ŋɔ pilanima zuɣu ka zaŋ ŋanima n yili yili li.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ezra&quot; /&gt;  Bɛ kootu maa kali soli zuɣu yɛlkpani daa nyɛmi ni bɛ paɣi ka simsi lala bɛ Oba duuma ŋɔ , bɛ naa ŋun gahim ka yi o ko, n ti pahi o nam timsim taarihi bee ni bɛ paɣi ka n simsi ''Iyoba of Benin'' (''the queen mother'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Kings&quot; /&gt;  ''Art'', di yi ti kana Benin nayili polo, di nyɛla din mali balibu pam amaa ka ŋanima zaa puuni ''bronze'' mini ''brass reliefs'' n ti tabili Na'zuɣiri nima mini ''queen mothers'' nima dina n-nyɛ niriba pam ni n mi shɛŋa yɛla. Bɛ ni zaŋ ''bronze'' n maali ŋman'shɛŋa, buɣliŋbuɣliŋ nima, ''ornaments'', ''jewellery'' (tikpariti, cheeni nima, nintuhi, baŋsi, ni ŋa n pahi), n ti pahi binyɛr'shɛŋa bɛ ni mali m maani yɛli maana zaa malila dimaŋa bee nachinsi nɛma nahingbana mini binmaŋa ŋanima puuni n wuhiri bɛ n maali ŋanima kpaŋmaŋa di bahi m bahindi ''figurative'' tum'shɛŋa din m be ''bronze'' mini ''ivory carvings'' ni gari ŋanima zuɣu maa zaa yoli.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kings&quot; /&gt;

Africa tingbani puuni, tuma din n yi Benin na wuhiya ni bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni ''the technique of lost-wax casting'' la daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa pun n daŋ n maali shɛli. Di yi daa ti n-niŋ ka tiŋ'naa kani, na'so ŋun daa yɛn n ʒini gbana maa zuɣu n daa yɛn n puhi ka bɛ maali ''bronze'' zuɣu n-ti lala naa maa. Lala ''sculptures'' nima kalinli ŋan n yiɣisi kɔbiga ni pisopɔin na nyɛla din m beni ka naain n yi che din gba na beni ka nyɛ yuuni twelfth century la puuni dina.{{sfn|Gowing|1984|p=578}}  Lala Oba ŋɔ, bee tiŋ'naa, nuu n yi m pa nɛn'shɛŋa din nyabu yi n to n-ti ba kamani salima nima, elephant tusks, n ti pahi bronze nima la zuɣu. Lala tiŋ'nanima ŋɔ kpaŋmaŋa puuni ka bɛ tooi n malindi ''splendid Benin bronzes''; dinbɔŋɔ wuhiya ni lala ''royal courts'' nima ŋɔ kpaŋmaŋa tohibunima puuni ka sub-Saharan ''art'' yina n ti niŋ katari.{{sfn|Leuzinger|1976|p=24}} Yuuni 1939 la puuni, zuɣ'shɛŋa din nyɛ yim kamani Benin tiŋ'nayili ŋɔ dini la daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n nya shɛli [[Ife]], din nyɛ [[Yoruba]] nima tiŋ'shɛli din gahim n niŋ kashi la puuni. Lala niŋsim ŋɔ daa n niŋla yuuni fourteenth mini yuuni fifteenth centuries la nima puuni. Di daa nyɛla din n-niŋ n dalim bɛ kaya yɛlkurili shɛli bɛ ni daa n gbubi ni Ife ''artist'' nima n wuhi Benin nima bronze kuriti maalibu soya.{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=36}}  ''Recognition of the antiquity of the technology'' ban m be Benin nima ni daa ti m baŋ lala ''technology'' ŋɔ taarihi yɛla, bɛ daa n-tila tooni m malind lala ''sculptures'' nima n jɛndiri di saha nima.{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=37}}

=== ''European interest and the Benin Expedition of 1897'' ===
[[File:Ancient Benin city.JPG|thumb|An idealised depiction of Benin City by a Dutch artist in the 1686 French edition of [[Olfert Dapper]]'s ''[[Description of Africa (1668 book)|Description of Africa]]'' (1668).{{sfn|Willett|1985|pp=100-1}}]]
Africa nima ''art'' Shɛhira bela daa nyɛla Europeans nima ni daa pun n laɣim shɛli pɔi ni yuuni nineteenth century la puuni, di bahi m bahindi European nima ni daa pun n yihi bukunima na ka di daa n mali Benin City mini of the oba's palace bin din gbaai yuuni 1600s la ha mali chana anfooni nima di puuni maa zaa yoli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last1=Anagnost |first1=Adrian |title=Edo Spaces, European Images: Iterations of Art and Architecture in Benin |date=2022-12-19 |url=https://www.artic.edu/digital-publications/36/perspectives-on-instability/14/edo-spaces-european-images |work=Perspectives on In/Stability |editor-last=Collier |editor-first=Delinda |publisher=The Art Institute of Chicago |doi=10.53269/26939851/01/02 |isbn=978-0-86559-314-5 |access-date=2022-12-26 |last2=Gueorguiev |first2=Manol |editor2-last=Farrell |editor2-first=Robyn |doi-access=free |archive-date=26 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226223419/https://www.artic.edu/digital-publications/36/perspectives-on-instability/14/edo-spaces-european-images |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Yuuni nineteenth century la piligu puuni saha shɛli ''colonization'' mini ''missionary'' tuma ni daa n pilila ko puuni ka bɛ daa pili n kpuɣiri Africa nima kpaŋmaŋa tuma pam n mali n tahiri Europe, ka daa mali ŋanima m booni ni ''simple curiosities of'' &quot;''pagan''&quot; ''cults''. Lala bɛ biɛhigu ŋɔ daa nyɛla din n taɣi lala Benin Expedition of 1897 maa ni daa n-niŋ n naagi. 

Yuuni 1897 la puuni, bɛ ni m boli so ni vice consul general la, ''James Robert Phillips'', ka o daa n-nyɛ ''Niger Coast Protectorate'', n ti n tabili gbanpiɛla ninvuɣ'timsa bɛ baa ayobu, daabihi bɛ baa ayi, ban n lɛbigiri yɛltɔɣa,  n ti pahi ''215 porters'', daa nyɛla ban kpuɣi napɔŋ n doli ''small port of'' [[Sapele]], Nigeria, n chaŋ Benin&lt;ref name=&quot;Meyerowitz&quot; /&gt;  Niiya shɛli zuɣu bɛ ni daa n kpuɣi lala napɔŋ ŋɔ daa nyɛla zabili zuɣu. Lala niriba ŋɔ niiya daa nyɛmi ni bɛ mini Oba of Benin ŋɔ daa n gbaagi bee n di fiila, amaa taarihi shɛŋa gba wuhiya ni di daa n nyɛla ''reconnaissance mission'' shɛli bɛ ni daa n kpuɣi ka suhudoo laɣingu chandi la din daa kuli yɛn n che ka bɛ yihi bɛ tiŋ'naa ''king (Oba) of Benin'' gbana zuɣu.&lt;ref&gt;Philip Igbafe, ''Benin under British Administration: the Impact of Colonial Rule on an African Kingdom, 1897-1938'' (1979), pp. 56-61&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=The Annexation of Benin |first=T. U. |last=Obinyan |journal=Journal of Black Studies |volume=19 |issue=1 |date=September 1988 |pages=29–40 |publisher=Sage .|jstor=2784423 |doi=10.1177/002193478801900103|s2cid=142726955 }}&lt;/ref&gt;   Bɛ daa nyɛla ban n yɛli bɛ chandi maa daliri tɔ amaa bɛ daa yɛli ba mi ni shee bɛ na n guhi pɔi ni ka che zino bi kpɛri bɛ tiŋa maa ni saha shɛli bɛ ni na n maani bɛ yɛli maana;&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot;&gt;''Benin Diplomatic Handbook'', p. 21.&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Dohlvik|2006|pp=21-2}}  tɔ amaa, saanba ŋɔ daa bi n wum n-ti ba ka daa n tuɣi bɛ lala expedition maa.{{sfn|Greenfield|2007|p=123}}  Bɛ daa nyɛla Oba tobu bihi ni daa n liri shɛba lala tiŋa maa south ka Europeans nima niriba ayi ko n daa ti n tiligi lala ''ensuing massacre'' maa .&lt;ref name=&quot;Meyerowitz&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot; /&gt;  
[[File:Drawing of Benin City made by an English officer 1897.jpg|thumb|left|Illustration of [[Benin City]] in 1897, drawn by a British official]]
Yɛli ŋɔ lahabali daa nyɛla din n to London, dabaa anii nyaaŋa ka bɛ daa n niŋ yom n laɣim bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni naval ''punitive expedition'' la,&lt;ref name=Meyerowitz /&gt;&lt;ref name=USA /&gt;{{sfn|Greenfield|2007|p=123}} ka bɛ niiya daa nyɛ ni bɛ piɛli li m bahi ''Admiral Harry Rawson''. Lala gbanpiɛlla soojanima ŋɔ daa nyɛla ban n saɣim ka wurim binshɛlikam din daa m be Benin City puuni.&lt;ref name=Meyerowitz /&gt;&lt;ref name=USA /&gt; Lala bɛ lirigu ŋɔ nyaaŋa, ban daa n di nasara lala tobu maa puuni daa n zaŋla art zaŋ n dihi lala ''Royal Palace'' maa mini ban daa n mali zaashehi ni yuya biɛhigu puuni yiya, din daa n-nyɛ bɛ ni daa n zaŋ yun'gbaliŋ n laɣim shɛŋa la n lɛbi bɛ tuma n tumda. Lala ''official'' nima ŋɔ chandi shɛli bɛ ni daa n chaŋ ŋɔ daa nyɛla British nima maa kpema ni daa n sabi shɛli ka di daa n wuhi ni din daa n tahili ka bɛ daa n nya nasara lala bɛ lirigu maa puuni daa nyɛmi ni tinkpaŋnima maa daa n lirimi n saɣim suhudoo chandi ni lala ''expedition'' maa mii daa nyɛla din n-ti sokam soli ni o niŋdi o suhu ni bori shɛli ni di gu li ka che ''reign of terror'' .&lt;ref name=USA /&gt;&lt;ref name=Darshana /&gt; Yuuni 2020 buku daa n wuhiya ni; &quot;tum yuuni 1960s saha maa ha, taarihibaŋdiba pam nyɛla ban m baŋ lala expedition shɛli bɛ ni daa n-niŋ ni bɛ n yihi Oba ''Ovonramwen'' Nogbaisi (Overami), bɛ ni daa n ʒili so namkuɣu puuni yuuni 1888 la ni, ka di daa m pa biɛri ka o daa yɛn m bohi amaa ka daa lee nyɛmi ni o beni n lihiri ka tiri zalisi ka di yuugi la zuɣu maa gbunni.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ninvuɣ'shɛba gbubimi ni dina n che ka ŋun n sulinsi puuni lala bini ŋɔ gbunni bi ne ka di nyɛ di ti yɛn n dalim ''bronzes'' shɛŋa din ti yɛn n labina Benin la zaɣ'pala.&lt;ref&gt;Kiwara-Wilson, Salome. Restituting Colonial Plunder: The Case for the Benin Bronzes and Ivories. DePaul Journal of Art, Technology &amp; Intellectual Property Law. 2013&lt;/ref&gt; 

Lala tum'shɛŋa British nima ŋɔ ni daa n kpuɣi maa daa nyɛla ''treasure hoard of bronze and ivory sculptures'' di bahi m bahindi tiŋ'nanima zuɣuri, ''queen mother'' nima zuɣuri, ''leopard figurines'', buɣliŋbuɣliŋnima, n ti pahi anfooninima shɛŋa bɛ ni daa m maali ka ŋanima kalinli galisi pam zaa daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n zaŋ  ''lost-wax casting'' n wurim shɛŋa. Yuuni 1910 la puuni, German nima vihigu vihira, ''Leo Frobenius'' daa nyɛla ŋun n ʒi expedition n chaŋ Africa ka o niiya daa nyɛ ni o dehi Africanima ''art'' kpaŋmaŋa tuma nima n-ti niŋ o ya museum nima puuni.{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=20}}  Zuŋɔ di din kpalim m be  Nigeria galisim zaa bi yaɣi di bin pihinu tɔ amaa, di kalinli din n yiɣisi ''2,400 pieces'' nyɛla din m be Europeanima mini Americanima sulinsi puuni.{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=35}}

=== Museums nima ni pu m pu n doya boŋ boŋ shɛm ===
[[File:Benin Bronzes.jpg|thumb|Two Benin Bronzes in London's [[British Museum]]]]
[[File:Benin bronzes british museum 2023.JPG|thumb|A display of Benin Bronzes at the [[British Museum]]]]
[[File:Single-figure plaque, Benin Kingdom court style, Edo peoples, Benin City, Nigeria, mid 16th to 17th century, cast copper alloy - Dallas Museum of Art - DSC04934.jpg|thumb|right|Single-figure plaque, mid-sixteenth to seventeenth century, cast copper alloy, [[Dallas Museum of Art]]|upright]]
Benin Bronzes shɛŋa din daa m pahi nɛn'zura shɛŋa lala  ''punitive expedition of 1897'' ni daa n zu maa daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n sɔŋ luɣa dam dam puuni: di yaɣ'yini daa n kpalimla lala gbanpiɛlla nima ŋɔ kpamba maŋmaŋa bukaata nima zuɣu soɣili shee; ka bɛ ni m boli shɛba ni Foreign and Commonwealth Office nima la gba daa n kohi di zaɣ'gbaliŋ ka ŋanima zaa daa ti chaŋ n ti be European museums nima puuni, di bahi m bahindi Germany mini American museums nima puuni &lt;ref name=USA23 /&gt;  Di din daa m mali dariza pam daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n duhi shɛli liɣir n doli ban darili maa ni daa n dari li daa puuni shɛm. Lala ''Foreign Office'' ŋɔ nima daa nyɛla ban daa n yihi ''bronze wall plaques'' din kalinli daa n galisi pam n-ti  British Museum; lala ''plaques'' nima ŋɔ nyɛla ŋan n zaya n wuhiri Benin Kingdom taarihi nima yuuni fifteenth la mini yuuni sixteenth century nima puuni.&lt;ref name=Darshana&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.arm.arc.co.uk/CRBBinfo4.html |title=The British and the Benin Bronzes |access-date=26 July 2010 |last=Darshana |first=Soni |publisher=ARM Information Sheet 4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615032008/http://www.arm.arc.co.uk/CRBBinfo4.html |archive-date=15 June 2006 }}&lt;/ref&gt;   

== Kohimma din n niŋ nyaaŋa, sama yobu mini binyɛra mali zali dede n ti pahi yiŋa kundi ==
''Benin Bronzes collection'' shɛli din n galisi pam n gari shɛli kam bela Ethnological Museum of Berlin mini [[British Museum]] din m be London nima puuni ka din pahiri ata ka gba n galisi pam la mii be m be museums gbaliŋ shɛŋa din m be  Nigeria (di bahi m bahindi  Nigerian National Museum din m be Lagos) la puuni.{{sfn|Dohlvik|2006|p=8}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Iyer|first=Aditya|title='Today's fake culture war resurrects an old colonial trick'|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/2/3/the-museum-must-change-a-qa-with-dan-hicks|date=3 February 2021|access-date=2021-07-13|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en|archive-date=2 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702060146/https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/2/3/the-museum-must-change-a-qa-with-dan-hicks|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tum Nigeria nima ni daa n deei bɛ maŋa sulinsi yuuni 1960 la ni hali wayo, bɛ bi che ba suhibu ni bɛ labisi bɛ ''bronzes'' nima n-ti ba.{{sfn|Dohlvik|2006|p=8}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-06-17|title=The Met ought to have returned two stolen Benin Bronzes years ago|url=https://www.apollo-magazine.com/benin-bronzes-metropolitan-museum-barnaby-phillips/|first=Barnaby|last=Phillips|access-date=2021-07-13|website=[[Apollo (magazine)|Apollo]]|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713103039/https://www.apollo-magazine.com/benin-bronzes-metropolitan-museum-barnaby-phillips/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Nangbankpeeni n na nyɛla zaŋ kpa ''bronzes'' maa biɛhigu shee ni di ni daa pun m be shɛli polo. Di tooi zooya ka bɛ labuna ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni nya shɛli ka di nyɛla din yɛn ti bahindi ni bɛ n labi Africa tingbani puuni. Lala ''artefacts'' nima ŋɔ lɛbila  ''test case'' tinduya nangbankpeeni puuni n jɛndi yɛla mali zali dede bee sama yobu kamani  [[Elgin Marbles]] din daa n sɔŋ n taɣi niriba hala zaŋ kpa yiŋa kundi na polo la.{{sfn|Dohlvik|2006|p=24}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Titi |first=Catharine |author-link=Catharine Titi |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-26357-6 |title=The Parthenon Marbles and International Law |publisher=Springer |year=2023 |isbn=978-3-031-26356-9 |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-26357-6 |s2cid=258846977}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

Yuuni 1950 puuni ka British Museum nima daa m pili n kohi  Benin Bronzes din kalinli yaɣi bin pihita n-ti Nigerianima gɔmdanti. Lala saha maa, ŋun daa n guli lala museum maa, Hermann Braunholtz, daa yɛliya ni di bahi m bahindi ninvuɣ'konkoba ni maali li maa zaa yoli di ''203 plaques''  kalinli shɛŋa museum maa ni daa n kpuɣi yuuni 1898 la puuni, din bin pihita daa nyɛla din nyɛ yim; dama ŋanima daa nyɛla din n ŋmani taba ka daa lahi n zaya n-ti binyini ka daa n yɛli ni ŋanima daa nyɛla din n ka museum maa sɔŋsim shɛli.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=27 March 2002 |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710094109/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |archive-date=10 July 2011 |access-date=26 July 2010 |work=[[BBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lala bɛ kohima ŋɔ daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n che shɛli yuuni 1972 la puuni ka bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni ''museum's African art'' la baŋda daa yina n ti yɛli ni o nyɛla ŋun m bohi o suhu ni tun'shɛŋa o ni daa n tum maa.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot; /&gt; 

Yuuni 1953 la puuni, [[Sotheby]] daa n kohila Benin Bronze zuɣu £5,500, din daa nyɛ bɛ ni daa n kohiri shɛli £780 la.&lt;ref name=&quot;Phillips&quot;&gt;{{cite news|first=Barnaby|last=Phillips|title=The art dealer, the £10m Benin Bronze and the Holocaust|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|date=14 March 2021|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56292809|access-date=15 March 2021|archive-date=14 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314222855/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56292809|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yuuni 1968 la puuni, [[Christie]] daa n kohila Benin Bronze zuɣu shɛli pirinkpema ŋun daa m be o yili balinga yil'shɛli din daa n-nyɛ baŋkom puuni la £21,000 .&lt;ref name=&quot;Phillips&quot; /&gt;  Yuuni 1984 puuni, Sotheby daa n kohila ''plaque'' shɛli din daa zaya n-ti baaŋa; din dariza daa n yiɣisi bin din gbaai £25,000 mini £35,000 sunsuuni n-ti ŋun daa n dali m paai lala liɣiri maa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Darshana&quot; /&gt;  Yuuni 2015 la ni, bɛ daa n kohila Benin Bronze zuɣu n-ti ŋun daa n za o gama zuɣu n laɣindi li £10 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Phillips&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Elwes |first1=Christian |title=Hidden Treasure |url=https://www.entwistlegallery.com/news/2017/january/hidden-treasure |website=Entwistlegallery.com |publisher=Entwistle Gallery |date=9 January 2017 |access-date=15 March 2021 |archive-date=29 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329231151/https://www.entwistlegallery.com/news/2017/january/hidden-treasure |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Yuuni 2018 puuni, bɛ ni m boli shɛba ni [[Benin Dialogue Group]] nima mini British nima gɔmdanti daa m palila taba alikauli ni bɛ ni labisi lala Benin Bronzes nima maa din daa yɛn n che ka bɛ gba kpa bɛ maŋmaŋa exhibition Benin Royal Museum pali shɛli din m be [[Edo State]] puuni la.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kieron Monks|title=British Museum to return Benin Bronzes to Nigeria|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/26/africa/africa-uk-benin-bronze-return-intl/index.html|access-date=2021-07-13|website=[[CNN]]|date=26 November 2018|archive-date=5 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805094930/https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/26/africa/africa-uk-benin-bronze-return-intl/index.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ lala laɣingu ŋɔ daa nyɛla din n malila tinduya puuni museums nima , the Royal Court of Benin, the Edo State government, n ti pahi Nigerian [[National Commission for Museums and Monuments]] (NCMM) nima di puuni. Yuuni 2015 la puuni, Mark Walker daa nyɛla ŋun n labisi Benin Bronzes shɛŋa o yabidoo ni daa n kpuɣi siege on Benin Kingdom saha la puuni; Prince Edun Akenzua n daa n deegi o n niŋ o yiŋa [[Benin City]] puuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2015-02-26|title=The man who returned his grandfather's looted art|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-31605284|access-date=2021-07-13|archive-date=17 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717044259/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-31605284|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=2018-11-20|title=Easter Island governor begs British Museum to return Moai: 'You have our soul'|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/20/easter-island-british-museum-return-moai-statue|access-date=2021-07-13|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-date=15 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715041436/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/20/easter-island-british-museum-return-moai-statue|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[University of Aberdeen]] nima gba daa m pali ba alikauli ni bɛ ni labisi bronze zuɣu shɛli din daa n-nyɛ [[Oba]] dini la ka daa lahi n-nyɛ bɛ ni daa n da shɛli auction din daa n-niŋ yuuni 1957 puuni la na silimin gɔli March yuuni 2021 puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Aber&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=University of Aberdeen to repatriate 'looted' Nigerian bronze sculpture |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-56513346 |access-date=25 March 2021 |work=BBC News |date=25 March 2021 |archive-date=25 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325063200/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-56513346 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=University to return Benin bronze |url=https://www.abdn.ac.uk/news/14790/ |website=www.abdn.ac.uk |publisher=Aberdeen University |date=25 March 2021 |access-date=25 March 2021 |archive-date=25 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325160401/https://www.abdn.ac.uk/news/14790/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Labisibu ka n naai la ''handover ceremony'' shɛli bɛ ni daa n-niŋ silimin gɔli October biɛɣu pishi ni anii dali, yuuni 2021 puuni la.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ceremony to complete the return of Benin Bronze |url=https://www.abdn.ac.uk/news/15479/ |website=www.abdn.ac.uk |publisher=Aberdeen University |date=27 October 2021 |access-date=28 May 2023 |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028135744/https://www.abdn.ac.uk/news/15479/ }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
[[File:Unterzeichnung Vereinbarung zur Eigentumsübertragung Benin-Bronzen der Stadt Köln an Nigeria-4679.jpg|thumb|The signing of a 2022 agreement in Cologne, Germany, to transfer the Benin Bronzes of the city to Nigeria]]
Silimin gɔli April yuuni 2021 puuni, German nima gɔmdanti faa yimina n ti yɛli ni bɛ ni yo &quot;looted&quot; Benin Bronzes sama shɛŋa din daa m be ''Germany public collections'' puuni yuuni 2022 la. Hartmut Dorgerloh, ŋun daa n-nyɛ director n-ti [[Humboldt Forum]] shɛli din daa n laɣim [[Ethnological Museum of Berlin]] ka di lɛbi binyini la daa n yɛliya pɔhim zuɣu laɣingu shɛli puuni ni bɛ ni daa pun n gbaai gbaali shɛli ni bɛ zaŋ bronzes n wuhi ''museum complex'' pali shɛli din daa m be Berlin puuni la daa nyɛla &quot;bɛ ni ku tooi lahi n tɛhi n gbaai shɛli&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Hickley |first1=Catherine |title=Germany moves towards full restitution of Benin bronzes |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/germany-moves-towards-full-restitution-of-benin-bronzes |access-date=23 March 2021 |work=The Art Newspaper |date=22 March 2021 |archive-date=23 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323005505/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/germany-moves-towards-full-restitution-of-benin-bronzes |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Effort to Return Benin Bronzes to Africa Remains Ongoing Challenge|first=Marthe|last=van der Wolf|date=6 April 2021|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/europe_effort-return-benin-bronzes-africa-remains-ongoing-challenge/6204218.html|access-date=13 July 2021|website=Voice of America|language=en|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713102759/https://www.voanews.com/europe/effort-return-benin-bronzes-africa-remains-ongoing-challenge|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;   Yaha, silimin gɔli April yuuni 2021 puuni, the Church of England nima gba daa lo alikauli ni bɛ ni labisi Benin bronzes dibaa ayi shɛli bɛ ni daa n zaŋ n-ti lala saha maa [[Archbishop of Canterbury Robert Runcie]] pini yuuni 1982 la puuni na.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Dex|first=Robert|date=2021-04-12|title=Church of England to return Benin Bronzes as repatriation rows rumble on|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/exhibitions/church-england-return-benin-bronzes-repatriation-rows-b928330.html|access-date=2021-07-13|website=www.standard.co.uk|language=en|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713102452/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/exhibitions/church-england-return-benin-bronzes-repatriation-rows-b928330.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lala bronzes nima ŋɔ daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa yɛn zaŋ shɛli n tuɣi ''Benin Royal Museum collection'' shɛŋa din daa na yɛn n kana nyavuya ni.{{update inline|date=October 2021}}  lala gɔli maa puuni, the [[Horniman Museum]] din m be South London la daa n yɛliya ni di daa nyɛla binshɛli din n tuhi ni bɛ labisi ka n yo bin pihinahi ni awei kpaŋmaŋa tuun'shɛŋa bɛ ni daa n kpuɣi Benin City puuni la, di bahi m bahindi Benin Bronzes nima pia ni anu la nima maa zaa sama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=London's Horniman Museum—home to 15 Benin bronzes—announces new 'transparent procedures' for looted object requests|url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/horniman-museum-policy-on-restitution|access-date=2021-07-13|website=www.theartnewspaper.com|first=Gareth|last=Holmes|date=7 April 2021|language=en|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713090651/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/horniman-museum-policy-on-restitution|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Bɛ ni daa n zaŋ shɛli n yo British Museum ni bi ni daa n zaɣisi ni bɛ labisi lala looted Benin bronzes la na n daa n-nyɛ the Iyase (''traditional prime minister'') of Benin Kingdom ni daa n pɔbigi bronze plaque zaɣ'karili shɛli din daa n-nyɛ silimin gɔli July  biɛɣu pihita dali, yuuni 2021 puuni dini la. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=BENIN|first=NTA BROADCAST|date=2021-08-09|title=UNVEILING OF LARGEST BRONZE PLAQUE IN BENIN|work=Nigerian Television Authority (NTA)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7Ed6tPT0Xo |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/_7Ed6tPT0Xo |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Omotayo|first=Joseph|date=2021-08-05|title=Young Nigerian man makes largest plaque in Benin kingdom, showcases it in video|url=https://www.legit.ng/1427613-young-nigerian-largest-plaque-benin-kingdom-showcases-video.html|access-date=2021-10-05|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005175748/https://www.legit.ng/1427613-young-nigerian-largest-plaque-benin-kingdom-showcases-video.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Owolabi|first1=Tife|last2=Shirbon|first2=Estelle|date=2021-09-22|title=Nigerians offer artworks to British Museum in new take on looted bronzes|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerians-offer-artworks-british-museum-new-take-looted-bronzes-2021-09-22/|access-date=2021-10-05|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005175746/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerians-offer-artworks-british-museum-new-take-looted-bronzes-2021-09-22/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lala ''plaque'' ŋɔ daa nyɛla din m mali 2 tons of brass laasabu ka daa nyɛ Iyase Lukas Osarobo Zeickner-Okoro yaansi la ni puuni yino ni daa m maali shɛli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Time Scape {{!}} Nigeria: Medical Student Turned Artist Immortalizes Great King Ewuare, Oba of Benin, Unveils Largest-Ever Benin Kingdom Bronze Plaque|url=https://www.timescapemag.com/posts/nigeria-medical-student-turned-artist-immortalizes-great-king-ewuare-oba-of-benin-unveils-largest-ever-benin-kingdom-bronze-plaque|access-date=2021-10-05|website=www.timescapemag.com|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005175748/https://www.timescapemag.com/posts/nigeria-medical-student-turned-artist-immortalizes-great-king-ewuare-oba-of-benin-unveils-largest-ever-benin-kingdom-bronze-plaque|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ daa m bolila ''The Return of Oba Ewuare'' ni di wuhi Benin nima yɛda ni reincarnation mini Oba [[Ewuare II]] saha puuni Benin Bronze Age labi pili. Di daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n zaŋ shɛli n-ti British Museum ka daa taɣi n deei bronzes shɛŋa din daa m be nimaani.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-09-23|title=Nigerian Artists Offer British Museum Swap|url=https://www.museumnext.com/article/nigerian-artists-offer-british-museum-swap/|access-date=2021-11-11|website=MuseumNext|language=en|archive-date=8 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108075242/https://www.museumnext.com/article/nigerian-artists-offer-british-museum-swap/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-09-22|title=Nigerian Contemporary Art is Being Offered in Exchange for the U.K. Benin Bronzes|url=https://observer.com/2021/09/nigerian-contemporary-art-is-being-offered-in-exchange-for-the-u-k-benin-bronzes/|access-date=2021-10-05|website=Observer|language=en-US|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005175747/https://observer.com/2021/09/nigerian-contemporary-art-is-being-offered-in-exchange-for-the-u-k-benin-bronzes/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Silimin gɔli October yuuni 2021 puuni, [[Jesus College]] nima daa yina n ti yɛli ni bɛ ni labisi ''sculpture of a cockerel'' shɛli sokam ni daa m mi [[Okukor]] la n-ti Nigeria nima di ni daa n-niŋ ka bɛ shukurubihi daa n wuhi di taarihi daa anfaani ni di ni nyɛ ''looted artefact'' maa n naai. Lala statue ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa n yihi shɛli n soɣi yuuni 2016 la puuni ka niriba daa bi lahi n nyari li bɛ ni daa ti n gbaai ni bɛ labisi li; lala kolaji ŋɔ ''Legacy of Slavery Working Party'' nima vihigu daa n wuhiya ni lala ''statue'' ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa n deei shɛli court of Benin maŋmaŋa nima sani pɔi ka kolaji ŋɔ shukuru bi'so ba daa naai n yi zaŋli n lɛbi pini n-ti ba yuuni 1905 puuni .&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian cockrel&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Khomami |first=Naomi |date=15 October 2021 |title=Cambridge college to be first in UK to return looted Benin bronze |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2021/oct/15/cambridge-college-to-be-first-uk-return-looted-benin-bronze |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20211015102501/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2021/oct/15/cambridge-college-to-be-first-uk-return-looted-benin-bronze |archive-date=15 October 2021 |access-date=15 October 2021 |website=theguardian.com |quote=&quot;We are indeed very pleased and commend Jesus College for taking this lead in making restitution for the plunder that occurred in Benin in 1897,&quot; said the oba of Benin, Omo N'Oba N’Edo Uku Akpolokpolo, Ewuare II. &quot;We truly hope that others will expedite the return of our artworks which in many cases are of religious importance to us. We wish to thank [Nigeria's] President Buhari and our National Commission for Museums and Monuments for their renewed efforts in securing the release of our artefacts on our behalf.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Silimin gɔli February yuuni 2022 puuni, University of Aberdeen nima ni daa n labisi Okukor mini lala bronze maa, Oba of Benin, Ewuare II daa n deei li la royal palace shɛli din m be Benin City puuni .&lt;ref name=&quot;Welle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Colonial-era looted art returned to Nigeria and Benin {{!}} DW {{!}} 20.02.2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/colonial-era-looted-art-returned-to-nigeria-and-benin/a-60845936 |access-date=2022-02-21 |website=Deutsche Welle |language=en-GB |archive-date=21 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221123955/https://www.dw.com/en/colonial-era-looted-art-returned-to-nigeria-and-benin/a-60845936 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Silimin gɔli December yuuni 2022 puuni, [[University of Cambridge]] nima daa n yihila Benin artefacts din kalinli daa n yaɣi kɔbiga ka daa m be bɛ [[Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology]] la puuni n tahi NCMM. Ninvuɣ'so ŋun yɛri n-tiri museum maa daa yɛliya ni di shɛŋa daa yɛn n kpalimla Cambridge &quot;''on extended loan''&quot; din yɛn wuhi ni &quot;west Africa nima ninvuɣ'shɛba ban nina nehi ŋɔ na m be lala museum ŋɔ ''displays'' nima puuni mini shikuru bihi wuhibu shee&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-12-14 |title=Cambridge University to return over 100 looted Benin bronzes to Nigeria |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/dec/14/cambridge-university-to-return-over-100-looted-benin-bronzes-to-nigeria |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=The Guardian |language=en |archive-date=18 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218162152/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/dec/14/cambridge-university-to-return-over-100-looted-benin-bronzes-to-nigeria |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Hali ni silimin gɔli February yuuni 2025 puuni, bɛ na kuli m bela soli ni bɛ zaŋ lala statues nima ŋɔ n tahi Nigeria.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |first1=Craig |last1=Simpson |first2=Ben |last2=Farmer |title=Cambridge under pressure to return Benin Bronzes as Nigeria promises museum display |date=26 February 2025 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2025/02/26/cambridge-under-pressure-to-hand-back-benin-bronzes-nigeria/ |website=The Telegraph |access-date=17 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Silimin gɔli November yuuni 2021 puuni, bɛ ni m boli shɛba ni [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] la nima daa n yihila ''two sixteenth-century Bronze plaques'', ''Warrior'' ''Chief'' ''and Junior Court Official'', n tahi n ti n-ti NCMM nima.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-11-22 |title=The Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Nigerian National Commission for Museums and Monuments Gather to Mark the Transfer of Three Works of Art to the Nigerian National Collections |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/press/news/2021/the-met-and-ncmm-mou |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=www.metmuseum.org |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227133021/https://www.metmuseum.org/press/news/2021/the-met-and-ncmm-mou |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bɛ lala niŋsim ŋɔ nyɛla din n yi di ko ka che bɛ mini ba ni gbaai ni bʋ labisi shɛŋa la domin ''160 Benin Bronzes collection'' sama n na n doli ba.{{citation needed|date=March 2025}} 

Silimin gɔli January yuuni 2022 puuni, bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni [[Great North Museum: Hancock]] ŋun daa m be [[Newcastle]], England la daa lo alikauli ni o ni labisi ''Benin Bronze stave'' n tahi n ti n-ti Nigeria nima.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-01-12|title=Newcastle's Hancock museum to repatriate Benin Bronze stave|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-59964386|access-date=13 January 2022|archive-date=13 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113082424/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-59964386|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Silimin gɔli March yuuni 2022 puuni, [[Smithsonian Institution]] nima daa yina n ti yɛli ni bɛ nyɛla ban yɛn n labisi bronzes bin pihita ni awei shɛli bɛ ni daa m mali niiya ni bɛ zaŋ n wuhi salo National Museum of Benin City puuni la.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=McGlone |first=Peggy |date=8 March 2022 |title=Smithsonian to give back its collection of Benin bronzes |newspaper=[[Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2022/03/08/smithsonian-benin-bronzes-nigeria-return/ |access-date=9 March 2022 |archive-date=8 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308232359/https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2022/03/08/smithsonian-benin-bronzes-nigeria-return/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Frum |first=David |date=2022-09-14 |title=Who Benefits When Western Museums Return Looted Art? |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2022/10/benin-bronzes-nigeria-return-stolen-art/671245/ |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=The Atlantic |language=en |archive-date=21 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021173357/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2022/10/benin-bronzes-nigeria-return-stolen-art/671245/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Lala Smithsonian Institution's [[National Museum of African Art]] nima daa nyɛla ban n dihi nuu din wuhiri ni bɛ nyɛla ban n yihi Benin bronzes bin pishi ni awei bɛ sulinsi puuni n-ti NCMM nima silimin gɔli October biɛɣu pia ni yini dali, yuuni 2022 puuni, Nigerian kpamba mini cultural officials nima nin'baŋsi puuni; yaha, lala saha maa puuni bɛ ni m boli shɛba ni the [[National Gallery of Art]] nima la daa nyɛla ban gba daa n labisi Benin bronze yinga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 October 2022 |title=Smithsonian Returns 29 Benin Bronzes to the National Commission for Museums and Monuments in Nigeria |url=https://www.si.edu/newsdesk/releases/smithsonian-returns-29-benin-bronzes-national-commission-museums-and-monuments |website=Smithsonian |access-date=30 April 2023 |archive-date=30 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430160547/https://www.si.edu/newsdesk/releases/smithsonian-returns-29-benin-bronzes-national-commission-museums-and-monuments |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=U. S. Mission |date=2022-10-17 |title=30 Benin bronzes returned to Nigeria |url=https://ng.usembassy.gov/30-benin-bronzes-returned-to-nigeria/ |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=U.S. Embassy and Consulate in Nigeria |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Silimin gɔli July yuuni 2022 puuni, Germany daa yina n ti yɛli bɛ ni daa yɛn n yihi 1,100 artefacts shɛŋa din daa m be m be [[Linden Museum]] din m be Stuttgart puuni, Humboldt Forum din m be Berlin tingbani puuni, the [[Rautenstrauch-Joest Museum]] din m be Cologne, the [[Museum am Rothenbaum]] din m be Hamburg puuni, n ti pahi ''the State Ethnographic Collections of Saxony'' nima puuni. Ŋanima zaa labisibu nima na daa nyɛla lala German museums nima mini Nigeria gɔmdanti ni daa n gbaai shɛli ni &quot;representative collection of objects&quot; shɛŋa bɛ ni daa n zaŋ n zali mi di kpalim Germay long-term loan puuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/01/germany-hands-over-two-benin-bronzes-to-nigeria?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other | title=Germany hands over two Benin bronzes to Nigeria | website=[[TheGuardian.com]] | date=July 2022 | access-date=1 July 2022 | archive-date=1 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701130702/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/01/germany-hands-over-two-benin-bronzes-to-nigeria?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-to-return-looted-artifacts-to-africa/a-62300419 | title=Germany to return looted artifacts to Africa &amp;#124; DW &amp;#124; 29.06.2022 | website=[[Deutsche Welle]] | access-date=1 July 2022 | archive-date=1 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701130702/https://www.dw.com/en/germany-to-return-looted-artifacts-to-africa/a-62300419 | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Silimin gɔli November biɛɣu pishi mi anii dali, yuuni 2022 puuni, London [[Horniman Museum]] nima daa n ʒinila ʒinahigu ni bɛ n labisi Benin Bronzes  shɛŋa bɛ mi m mali ka di nyɛ Nigeria nima dini n-ti ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/story/moral-and-appropriate-museum-begins-return-of-artefacts-looted-by-british-troops-12757670|title='Moral and appropriate': Museum begins return of artefacts looted by British troops|website=Sky News|date=29 November 2022|access-date=29 November 2022|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129060543/https://news.sky.com/story/moral-and-appropriate-museum-begins-return-of-artefacts-looted-by-british-troops-12757670|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/nov/28/london-museum-returns-looted-benin-city-artefacts-to-nigeria|title=London museum returns looted Benin City artefacts to Nigeria|website=The Guardian|last=Sherwood|first=Harriet|date=28 November 2022|access-date=29 November 2022|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129003538/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/nov/28/london-museum-returns-looted-benin-city-artefacts-to-nigeria|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/art/what-to-see/wellcome-collection-closes-medicine-man-exhibition-universal/|title=Is the 'world museum' doomed?|website=The Telegraph|last=Sooke|first=Alistair|date=29 November 2022|access-date=29 November 2022|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129072121/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/art/what-to-see/wellcome-collection-closes-medicine-man-exhibition-universal/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Kundivihira ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:AfroCuration 2025]]
[[Pubu:Lahabaya zaa]]</text>
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      <id>115044</id>
      <parentid>115043</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-09T14:30:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdul Rahman Abdul Kudus</username>
        <id>5829</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>n yihiya linki gaba</comment>
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'''''Benin Tahaʒɛri''''' nyɛla kuri paɣa mini bin kpɛri shɛŋa din n laɣim taba m bo nachinsi n dihi Benin Nayili, din pa n-nyɛ ''Edo State'', [[Nigeria]]. Lala ''metal plaques'' nima ŋɔ nyɛla ''Guild of Benin Bronze Casters'' nima, ban pa m be ''Igun Street'' puuni ŋɔ, din nyɛ bɛ ni lahi m booni shɛli ni ''Igun-Eronmwon Quarters'' la ni daa yi m malindi shɛli. Lala binyɛra ŋɔ n daa yi n laɣim taba n nam ''Benin art'' Shɛhira shɛŋa ŋan ne n doya kashi ka daa yi n-nyɛ yuuni ''fourteenth century'' la ''artists'' ban daa n-nyɛ Edo niriba la ni daa m maali shɛŋa .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Af1898-0115-23 |title=British Museum, &quot;Curator's comments&quot; |access-date=17 May 2021 |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028163529/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Af1898-0115-23 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.artic.edu/benin/artwork/190110 Benin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028163530/https://archive.artic.edu/benin/artwork/190110 |date=28 October 2021 }}, The Art Institute of Chicago.&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=36}}{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=37}}&lt;ref name=Meyerowitz /&gt;  Lala ''plaques'' ŋɔ, Edo balli nima ni m booni shɛli ni ''Ama'' la,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Digital Benin |url=https://digitalbenin.org/eyo-oto/1 |access-date=2023-11-26 |website=digitalbenin.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;  yi nyɛla din n wuhiri luɣ'shɛŋa bee n ʒeya n-tiri yɛlkpana lala Nayili maa taarihi puuni  .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hicks |first=Dan |title=The Brutish Museums: The Benin Bronzes, Colonial Violence and Cultural Restitution |publisher=Pluto Press |year=2020 |location=London |pages=138–139}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lala ''plaques'' nima ŋɔ nyaaŋa, ''sculptures'' shɛŋa ŋan m be ''brass'' bee ''bronze'' puuni nima n-nyɛ ''portrait heads'', ''jewellery'' (tib'kpariti, baŋsi, nintuhi, ni ŋan n pahi pahi), n ti pahi ''smaller pieces.''
[[File:Benin, portoghese, XVI-XVII sec.JPG|thumb|A 16th-century Benin Bronze depicting a Portuguese soldier, with [[Manilla (money)|manilla]]s in the background ([[Leipzig Museum of Ethnography]])]]
''Sculptures'' shɛŋa ŋan n-tiri suhupiɛlli ŋɔ zooya ka di nyɛla yuuni fourteenth century la dina, amaa ka di zaɣ'bɔbigu mii zooi ka di nyɛ yuuni fifteenth mini sixteenth centuries la puuni dina. Vihigu wuhiya ni &quot;''Golden Ages''&quot; dibaa ayi din m be Benin kuriti tuun'baŋsim puuni nyɛla din daa n yina ''Esigie''  1550) mini  Eresoyen (1735–1750) nima nam saha puuni saha shɛli bɛ tuun'baŋsim ni daa n zani di naba ayi zuɣu la.{{sfn|Greenfield|2007|p=122}}

Lala ''plaque'' nima ŋɔ pam mini binyɛra shɛŋa daa nyɛla gbanpiɛlla la ni daa n va shɛŋa ''Benin Expedition of 1897'' saha la puuni n chaŋ pirimila bɛ mini  ban n daa m be ''Southern Nigeria'' nima dimba la ni daa n-nyɛ yim la zuɣu.&lt;ref name=&quot;British&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/benin-bronzes-british-museum-nigeria-stolen-imperialist-treasures-return-loan-elgin-marbles-looted-a8414661.html|title=British museums may loan Nigeria bronzes that were taken from Nigeria by the British|first=Adam|last=Lusher|date=24 June 2018|website=The Independent|access-date=14 December 2018|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030042646/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/benin-bronzes-british-museum-nigeria-stolen-imperialist-treasures-return-loan-elgin-marbles-looted-a8414661.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lala so'chandiba ŋɔ  daa nyɛla ban n tumdi n doli gbanpiɛlla ŋɔ zalisi ni bɛ bɔhi biɛri n-ti ban gbanpiɛlla ŋɔ ninvuɣ'shɛba mini bɛ Africa tuumba shɛba bɛ ni daa n-tim na silimin gɔli January yuuni 1897 puuni ka bɛ daa ti n koŋ bɛ nyavuya la zuɣu. Shikuru baŋdi'shɛba kamani  ''Dan Hicks'', daa nyɛla ŋɔ yɛli ni lala ''expedition'' nima maa zaa daa nyɛla din n pahi bɛ shɛ'shɛŋa bɛ ni daa n mali ka n nuɣisi n lɛbi fitiina bee nahingu ni bɛ zaŋ n liri Africa n ti zaŋ bɛ European sulinsi m biri ka n dehi daabiligu anfaani nima shɛŋa ŋa m be ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hicks |first=Dan |title=The Brutish Museums: the Benin Bronzes, colonial violence and cultural restitution |publisher=Pluto Press |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-7453 4176-7 |pages=3, 40–42, 67–69, 84}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bɛ daa n zaŋla lala expedition ŋɔ n va two hundred pieces n tahi ''British Museum'' din m be London puuni la ka zaŋ ŋan n kpalim maa mii zaa n tahi European museums ŋan n kpalim la gba nima mii puuni  {{sfn|Greenfield|2007|p=124}}  Di nyɛla din n zooi pam British Museum puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;British&quot; /&gt; ka naain n yi che din gba m-be m-be Germany mini United States shɛŋa ŋan m mali yuya la nima puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;USA23&quot;&gt;''Benin Diplomatic Handbook'', p. 23.&lt;/ref&gt;

Yuuni 19th-century la nyaaŋa shikuru baŋdiba  ''O. M. Dalton'' mini ''Charles Hercules Read'' nima ban daa deei n bahindila bɛ yiligu ni lala Benin knowledge of ''metallurgy'' ŋɔ daa nyɛla din n yi ''Portuguese'' daabihi shɛba ban mini Benin nima maa daa pun n-niŋ ningbuna ni taba ''early modern period'' la puuni ka lala yɛligu ŋɔ daa nyɛ din bi n tam kanli zuɣu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meyerowitz&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Meyerowitz |first=Eva L. R. |year=1943 |title=Ancient Bronzes in the Royal Palace at Benin |publisher=The Burlington Magazine Publications, Ltd. |volume=83 |pages=248–253 |jstor=868735 |newspaper=[[The Burlington Magazine]] |number=487}}&lt;/ref&gt; Benin nayili din daa pun nyɛla luɣ'shɛli Africa shɛba ban nina daa pun n nehi nima ni daa m be shɛli n yuui pɔi ka Portuguese daabihi daa naain n chaŋ nimaani,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-africa/west-africa/nigeria/a/benin-and-the-portuguese|title=Benin and the Portuguese|website=Khan Academy|access-date=26 November 2018|archive-date=3 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703051030/https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-africa/west-africa/nigeria/a/benin-and-the-portuguese|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BBCBen&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=The kingdom of Benin |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zpvckqt/articles/z3n7mp3 |access-date=8 July 2021 |archive-date=29 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629031139/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zpvckqt/articles/z3n7mp3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Hali gba bronze nima daa pun nyɛla binshɛli bɛ ni daa pun n malindi shɛli Benin pɔi ka Portuguese nima maa daa naain n yi chaŋ nimaani.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Mihăilescu|first1=Plutarh-Antoniu|title=Întâlnire cu arta africană|date=1968|publisher=Editura Meridiane|page=48|language=ro}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni Benin bronze sculpture tradition la nyɛla bɛ ni yɛli ni shɛli daa n yila ''Kingdom of Ife'' din m be southwest Nigeria nayili kurili shɛli din daa m baɣi ba la puuni na.{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=36}}{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=37}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Meyerowitz&quot; /&gt; 

Ŋanima zaɣibɔbigu n laɣim taba ka bɛ boli li Benin Bronzes,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Gregg |first1=Emma |title=The story of Nigeria's stolen Benin Bronzes, and the London museum returning them |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/nigeria-stolen-benin-bronzes-london-museum |work=[[National Geographic]] |date=2022-09-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; kamani West Africa nima &quot;''bronzes''&quot; pam, di zaɣibilima nyɛla bɛ ni n maali shɛli ''brass'' ŋa nyɛ ''variable composition'' la puuni.{{efn|The [[British Museum]] notes that the term &quot;[[copper alloy]]&quot; is more appropriate in [[museology]] as it avoids the distinction between brass and bronze.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/term_details.aspx?scopeType=Terms&amp;scopeId=18864 British Museum, &quot;Scope Note&quot; for &quot;copper alloy&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818004043/http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/term_details.aspx?scopeType=Terms&amp;scopeId=18864 |date=18 August 2014 }}. Britishmuseum.org. Retrieved 26 May 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;}}  Di shɛŋa gba beni ka bɛ zaŋla ''bronze'' mini ''brass'', ''wood'', ''ceramic'', n ti pahi ''ivory'' ni nɛ'shɛŋa ŋa m pahi pahi n gabi taba n maali ŋanima.{{sfn|Dohlvik|2006|p=21}} Di kuriti yaɣa maa daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n zaŋ  lost-wax casting n maali shɛŋa ka ŋanima nyɛ din m pahi Africa ''sculptures'' shɛŋa bɛ ni zaŋ lala soli (''technique'') ŋɔ n mali ka di mali nintiɣili.{{sfn|Nevadomsky|2004|pp=1, 4, 86–8, 95–6}} Yuuni 15th century la bahigu puuni ka Benin nima daa n pilil ivory, naanzuwa n ti pahi daba kuhibu daabiligu ni&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Santos |first1=Talita Teixeira dos |title=Com a cruz e sem a espada: aspectos da relação comercial entre Portugal e o reino do Benim ao longo dos séculos XV e XVI. |journal=Associação Nacional de História  |date=July 2010 |volume=XIV |url=http://www.encontro2010.rj.anpuh.org/resources/anais/8/1276639759_ARQUIVO_Trabalho_benim.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Portuguese nima ka daa lahi n zaŋ ''manillas'' (brass ingots kamani baŋsi laasabu la ka nyɛ bɛ daa n da shɛli Portuguese nima maa sani)  n pahi ka di nyɛ luɣ'shɛli polo bɛ ni n yihiri bee n nyari kuriti n malindi bɛ ''sculpture''. Lala manillas' brass shɛli bɛ ni daa n yɛli ni shɛli daa tuui n yina The Netherlands la pa nyɛla bɛ ni lahi n yɛli ni shɛli pa nyɛla din n yi ''Rhineland'' region of Germany nima sani na.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=German brass for Benin Bronzes: Geochemical analysis insights into the early Atlantic trade | date=2023 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0283415 |language=en | doi-access=free | last1=Skowronek | first1=Tobias B. | last2=Decorse | first2=Christopher R. | last3=Denk | first3=Rolf | last4=Birr | first4=Stefan D. | last5=Kingsley | first5=Sean | last6=Cook | first6=Gregory D. | last7=Benito Dominguez | first7=Ana María | last8=Clifford | first8=Brandon | last9=Barker | first9=Andrew | last10=Otero | first10=José Suárez | last11=Moreira | first11=Vicente Caramés | last12=Bode | first12=Michael | last13=Jansen | first13=Moritz | last14=Scholes | first14=Daniel | journal=PLOS ONE | volume=18 | issue=4 | pages=e0283415 | pmid=37018227 | pmc=10075414 | bibcode=2023PLoSO..1883415S }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Alberge |first1=Dalya |title=Benin bronzes made from metal mined in west Germany, study finds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/05/benin-bronzes-made-from-brass-mined-in-west-germany-study-finds |website=The Guardian |access-date=8 April 2023 |date=5 April 2023 |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408050236/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/05/benin-bronzes-made-from-brass-mined-in-west-germany-study-finds |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Famous Benin Bronzes from West Africa used metal sourced in Germany |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2368057-famous-benin-bronzes-from-west-africa-used-metal-sourced-in-germany/ |website=New Scientist |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407104457/https://www.newscientist.com/article/2368057-famous-benin-bronzes-from-west-africa-used-metal-sourced-in-germany/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;   
== Taarihi ==
Di nambu mini di tuma biɛhigu puuni 

Lala dramatic sculptures ŋɔ shɛŋa pam nyɛla din daa n yina yuuni thirteenth century la puuni ka di zaɣ'bɔbigu pam mi daa n yina yuuni fifteenth mini sixteenth centuries la puuni. Vihigu wuhiya ni &quot;''Golden Ages''&quot; ŋɔ dibaa ayi din m be Benin kuriti tuun'baŋsim puuni la nyɛla din daa n yina Esigie (fl. 1550) mini Eresoyen (1735–1750) nima saha puuni, dini daa n-niŋ ka bɛ baŋsim zaŋ kpa bɛ tuma polo la daa n zani di naba ayi zuɣu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Igbafe |first1=Phillip |title=Slavery and Emancipation in Benin, 1897-1945 |journal=The Journal of African History |date=1975 |volume=16 |issue=3 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=409–429 |doi=10.1017/S002185370001433X |jstor=180474 |s2cid=161431780 |edition=3 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/180474 |access-date=24 October 2022 |archive-date=1 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301190351/https://www.jstor.org/stable/180474 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
{{Quote box|width=246px|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|align=right|quote=&quot;The king's palace or court is a square, and is as large as the town of [[Haarlem]] and entirely surrounded by a special wall, like that which encircles the town. It is divided into many magnificent palaces, houses, and apartments of the courtiers, and comprises beautiful and long square galleries...resting on wooden pillars, from top to bottom covered with cast copper, on which are engraved the pictures of their war exploits and battles, and are kept very clean.&quot;|source=[[Olfert Dapper]], a Dutch writer, describing Benin in his book ''[[Description of Africa (Olfert Dapper)|Description of Africa]]'' (1668){{sfn|Willett|1985|p=102}}}}
Lala [[Benin]] nayili ŋɔ nyɛla din n deegi din pa n-nyɛ Nigeria ŋɔ ''southern'' yaɣa la bin din daa n gbaai yuuni fourteenth la mini nineteenth centuries la nima puuni, daa nyɛla din n mali ''sculptures'' pam ka ŋa nɛn'shɛŋa kam bɛ ni zaŋ n maali kamani ''iron'', ''bronze'', ''wood'', ''ivory'' n ti pahi ''terra cotta'' nima nyɛ din n gahim n yi di ko. ''Oba'' nayili shɛli din m be Benin City puuni ka nyɛ luɣ'shɛli polo bɛ ni n malindi ''royal'' ancestral altars la n daa lahi n-nyɛ luɣ'shɛli polo bɛ ni  daa yi n niŋdi ''court ceremonial life'' shɛli ''Oba of Benin'', o tɔb'bihi, nanima mini ban mali zaashehi, tindaanba, ninvuɣ'shɛba ban m be nayili maa laɣinsi puuni, tinduya puuni daabihi mini mercenaries, n ti pahi n tumdi n tiri niriba ka bɛ yori ba ni ban n chani nayili maa nima ni mali nuu timbu shɛli puuni. Lala nayili ŋɔ daa nyɛla din laɣim yiya gbaliŋ n gili di sheeni ka daa lahi n-nyɛ luɣ'shɛli polo bɛ ni daa yi mali ''rectangular brass plaques'' din anfooni me n ŋmahim ninvuɣ'shɛba mini yɛl'shɛŋa din che ka court maa ŋmani binvuhirili la bin kɔbiga kɔbiga.&lt;ref name=Ezra&gt;{{cite book|last=Ezra|first=Kate|title=Royal art of Benin: the Perls collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|year=1992|publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art|location=New York|isbn=978-0-8109-6414-3|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/royalartofbeninp0000ezra}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

''Bronze'' mini ''ivory'' binyɛra tumtumsa galiya pam Benin nayili yɛl'maana mini di kootu biɛhigu puuni. Di tuma daa na nyɛla bɛ ni daa na n mali li n dihiri nayili maa nachinsi ka di daa nyɛ din n mali bronze tuma pam ŋa puuni.{{sfn|Pijoan|1966|p=12}} Bɛ daa yi n kpahila kuusanima n sa n sa nayili ŋɔ pilanima zuɣu ka zaŋ ŋanima n yili yili li.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ezra&quot; /&gt;  Bɛ kootu maa kali soli zuɣu yɛlkpani daa nyɛmi ni bɛ paɣi ka simsi lala bɛ Oba duuma ŋɔ , bɛ naa ŋun gahim ka yi o ko, n ti pahi o nam timsim taarihi bee ni bɛ paɣi ka n simsi ''Iyoba of Benin'' (''the queen mother'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Kings&quot; /&gt;  ''Art'', di yi ti kana Benin nayili polo, di nyɛla din mali balibu pam amaa ka ŋanima zaa puuni ''bronze'' mini ''brass reliefs'' n ti tabili Na'zuɣiri nima mini ''queen mothers'' nima dina n-nyɛ niriba pam ni n mi shɛŋa yɛla. Bɛ ni zaŋ ''bronze'' n maali ŋman'shɛŋa, buɣliŋbuɣliŋ nima, ''ornaments'', ''jewellery'' (tikpariti, cheeni nima, nintuhi, baŋsi, ni ŋa n pahi), n ti pahi binyɛr'shɛŋa bɛ ni mali m maani yɛli maana zaa malila dimaŋa bee nachinsi nɛma nahingbana mini binmaŋa ŋanima puuni n wuhiri bɛ n maali ŋanima kpaŋmaŋa di bahi m bahindi ''figurative'' tum'shɛŋa din m be ''bronze'' mini ''ivory carvings'' ni gari ŋanima zuɣu maa zaa yoli.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kings&quot; /&gt;

Africa tingbani puuni, tuma din n yi Benin na wuhiya ni bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni ''the technique of lost-wax casting'' la daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa pun n daŋ n maali shɛli. Di yi daa ti n-niŋ ka tiŋ'naa kani, na'so ŋun daa yɛn n ʒini gbana maa zuɣu n daa yɛn n puhi ka bɛ maali ''bronze'' zuɣu n-ti lala naa maa. Lala ''sculptures'' nima kalinli ŋan n yiɣisi kɔbiga ni pisopɔin na nyɛla din m beni ka naain n yi che din gba na beni ka nyɛ yuuni twelfth century la puuni dina.{{sfn|Gowing|1984|p=578}}  Lala Oba ŋɔ, bee tiŋ'naa, nuu n yi m pa nɛn'shɛŋa din nyabu yi n to n-ti ba kamani salima nima, elephant tusks, n ti pahi bronze nima la zuɣu. Lala tiŋ'nanima ŋɔ kpaŋmaŋa puuni ka bɛ tooi n malindi ''splendid Benin bronzes''; dinbɔŋɔ wuhiya ni lala ''royal courts'' nima ŋɔ kpaŋmaŋa tohibunima puuni ka sub-Saharan ''art'' yina n ti niŋ katari.{{sfn|Leuzinger|1976|p=24}} Yuuni 1939 la puuni, zuɣ'shɛŋa din nyɛ yim kamani Benin tiŋ'nayili ŋɔ dini la daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n nya shɛli [[Ife]], din nyɛ [[Yoruba]] nima tiŋ'shɛli din gahim n niŋ kashi la puuni. Lala niŋsim ŋɔ daa n niŋla yuuni fourteenth mini yuuni fifteenth centuries la nima puuni. Di daa nyɛla din n-niŋ n dalim bɛ kaya yɛlkurili shɛli bɛ ni daa n gbubi ni Ife ''artist'' nima n wuhi Benin nima bronze kuriti maalibu soya.{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=36}}  ''Recognition of the antiquity of the technology'' ban m be Benin nima ni daa ti m baŋ lala ''technology'' ŋɔ taarihi yɛla, bɛ daa n-tila tooni m malind lala ''sculptures'' nima n jɛndiri di saha nima.{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=37}}

=== ''European interest and the Benin Expedition of 1897'' ===
[[File:Ancient Benin city.JPG|thumb|An idealised depiction of Benin City by a Dutch artist in the 1686 French edition of [[Olfert Dapper]]'s ''[[Description of Africa (1668 book)|Description of Africa]]'' (1668).{{sfn|Willett|1985|pp=100-1}}]]
Africa nima ''art'' Shɛhira bela daa nyɛla Europeans nima ni daa pun n laɣim shɛli pɔi ni yuuni nineteenth century la puuni, di bahi m bahindi European nima ni daa pun n yihi bukunima na ka di daa n mali Benin City mini of the oba's palace bin din gbaai yuuni 1600s la ha mali chana anfooni nima di puuni maa zaa yoli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last1=Anagnost |first1=Adrian |title=Edo Spaces, European Images: Iterations of Art and Architecture in Benin |date=2022-12-19 |url=https://www.artic.edu/digital-publications/36/perspectives-on-instability/14/edo-spaces-european-images |work=Perspectives on In/Stability |editor-last=Collier |editor-first=Delinda |publisher=The Art Institute of Chicago |doi=10.53269/26939851/01/02 |isbn=978-0-86559-314-5 |access-date=2022-12-26 |last2=Gueorguiev |first2=Manol |editor2-last=Farrell |editor2-first=Robyn |doi-access=free |archive-date=26 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226223419/https://www.artic.edu/digital-publications/36/perspectives-on-instability/14/edo-spaces-european-images |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Yuuni nineteenth century la piligu puuni saha shɛli ''colonization'' mini ''missionary'' tuma ni daa n pilila ko puuni ka bɛ daa pili n kpuɣiri Africa nima kpaŋmaŋa tuma pam n mali n tahiri Europe, ka daa mali ŋanima m booni ni ''simple curiosities of'' &quot;''pagan''&quot; ''cults''. Lala bɛ biɛhigu ŋɔ daa nyɛla din n taɣi lala Benin Expedition of 1897 maa ni daa n-niŋ n naagi. 

Yuuni 1897 la puuni, bɛ ni m boli so ni vice consul general la, ''James Robert Phillips'', ka o daa n-nyɛ ''Niger Coast Protectorate'', n ti n tabili gbanpiɛla ninvuɣ'timsa bɛ baa ayobu, daabihi bɛ baa ayi, ban n lɛbigiri yɛltɔɣa,  n ti pahi ''215 porters'', daa nyɛla ban kpuɣi napɔŋ n doli ''small port of'' [[Sapele]], Nigeria, n chaŋ Benin&lt;ref name=&quot;Meyerowitz&quot; /&gt;  Niiya shɛli zuɣu bɛ ni daa n kpuɣi lala napɔŋ ŋɔ daa nyɛla zabili zuɣu. Lala niriba ŋɔ niiya daa nyɛmi ni bɛ mini Oba of Benin ŋɔ daa n gbaagi bee n di fiila, amaa taarihi shɛŋa gba wuhiya ni di daa n nyɛla ''reconnaissance mission'' shɛli bɛ ni daa n kpuɣi ka suhudoo laɣingu chandi la din daa kuli yɛn n che ka bɛ yihi bɛ tiŋ'naa ''king (Oba) of Benin'' gbana zuɣu.&lt;ref&gt;Philip Igbafe, ''Benin under British Administration: the Impact of Colonial Rule on an African Kingdom, 1897-1938'' (1979), pp. 56-61&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=The Annexation of Benin |first=T. U. |last=Obinyan |journal=Journal of Black Studies |volume=19 |issue=1 |date=September 1988 |pages=29–40 |publisher=Sage .|jstor=2784423 |doi=10.1177/002193478801900103|s2cid=142726955 }}&lt;/ref&gt;   Bɛ daa nyɛla ban n yɛli bɛ chandi maa daliri tɔ amaa bɛ daa yɛli ba mi ni shee bɛ na n guhi pɔi ni ka che zino bi kpɛri bɛ tiŋa maa ni saha shɛli bɛ ni na n maani bɛ yɛli maana;&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot;&gt;''Benin Diplomatic Handbook'', p. 21.&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Dohlvik|2006|pp=21-2}}  tɔ amaa, saanba ŋɔ daa bi n wum n-ti ba ka daa n tuɣi bɛ lala expedition maa.{{sfn|Greenfield|2007|p=123}}  Bɛ daa nyɛla Oba tobu bihi ni daa n liri shɛba lala tiŋa maa south ka Europeans nima niriba ayi ko n daa ti n tiligi lala ''ensuing massacre'' maa .&lt;ref name=&quot;Meyerowitz&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot; /&gt;  
[[File:Drawing of Benin City made by an English officer 1897.jpg|thumb|left|Illustration of [[Benin City]] in 1897, drawn by a British official]]
Yɛli ŋɔ lahabali daa nyɛla din n to London, dabaa anii nyaaŋa ka bɛ daa n niŋ yom n laɣim bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni naval ''punitive expedition'' la,&lt;ref name=Meyerowitz /&gt;&lt;ref name=USA /&gt;{{sfn|Greenfield|2007|p=123}} ka bɛ niiya daa nyɛ ni bɛ piɛli li m bahi ''Admiral Harry Rawson''. Lala gbanpiɛlla soojanima ŋɔ daa nyɛla ban n saɣim ka wurim binshɛlikam din daa m be Benin City puuni.&lt;ref name=Meyerowitz /&gt;&lt;ref name=USA /&gt; Lala bɛ lirigu ŋɔ nyaaŋa, ban daa n di nasara lala tobu maa puuni daa n zaŋla art zaŋ n dihi lala ''Royal Palace'' maa mini ban daa n mali zaashehi ni yuya biɛhigu puuni yiya, din daa n-nyɛ bɛ ni daa n zaŋ yun'gbaliŋ n laɣim shɛŋa la n lɛbi bɛ tuma n tumda. Lala ''official'' nima ŋɔ chandi shɛli bɛ ni daa n chaŋ ŋɔ daa nyɛla British nima maa kpema ni daa n sabi shɛli ka di daa n wuhi ni din daa n tahili ka bɛ daa n nya nasara lala bɛ lirigu maa puuni daa nyɛmi ni tinkpaŋnima maa daa n lirimi n saɣim suhudoo chandi ni lala ''expedition'' maa mii daa nyɛla din n-ti sokam soli ni o niŋdi o suhu ni bori shɛli ni di gu li ka che ''reign of terror'' .&lt;ref name=USA /&gt;&lt;ref name=Darshana /&gt; Yuuni 2020 buku daa n wuhiya ni; &quot;tum yuuni 1960s saha maa ha, taarihibaŋdiba pam nyɛla ban m baŋ lala expedition shɛli bɛ ni daa n-niŋ ni bɛ n yihi Oba ''Ovonramwen'' Nogbaisi (Overami), bɛ ni daa n ʒili so namkuɣu puuni yuuni 1888 la ni, ka di daa m pa biɛri ka o daa yɛn m bohi amaa ka daa lee nyɛmi ni o beni n lihiri ka tiri zalisi ka di yuugi la zuɣu maa gbunni.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ninvuɣ'shɛba gbubimi ni dina n che ka ŋun n sulinsi puuni lala bini ŋɔ gbunni bi ne ka di nyɛ di ti yɛn n dalim ''bronzes'' shɛŋa din ti yɛn n labina Benin la zaɣ'pala.&lt;ref&gt;Kiwara-Wilson, Salome. Restituting Colonial Plunder: The Case for the Benin Bronzes and Ivories. DePaul Journal of Art, Technology &amp; Intellectual Property Law. 2013&lt;/ref&gt; 

Lala tum'shɛŋa British nima ŋɔ ni daa n kpuɣi maa daa nyɛla ''treasure hoard of bronze and ivory sculptures'' di bahi m bahindi tiŋ'nanima zuɣuri, ''queen mother'' nima zuɣuri, ''leopard figurines'', buɣliŋbuɣliŋnima, n ti pahi anfooninima shɛŋa bɛ ni daa m maali ka ŋanima kalinli galisi pam zaa daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n zaŋ  ''lost-wax casting'' n wurim shɛŋa. Yuuni 1910 la puuni, German nima vihigu vihira, ''Leo Frobenius'' daa nyɛla ŋun n ʒi expedition n chaŋ Africa ka o niiya daa nyɛ ni o dehi Africanima ''art'' kpaŋmaŋa tuma nima n-ti niŋ o ya museum nima puuni.{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=20}}  Zuŋɔ di din kpalim m be  Nigeria galisim zaa bi yaɣi di bin pihinu tɔ amaa, di kalinli din n yiɣisi ''2,400 pieces'' nyɛla din m be Europeanima mini Americanima sulinsi puuni.{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=35}}

=== Museums nima ni pu m pu n doya boŋ boŋ shɛm ===
[[File:Benin Bronzes.jpg|thumb|Two Benin Bronzes in London's [[British Museum]]]]
[[File:Benin bronzes british museum 2023.JPG|thumb|A display of Benin Bronzes at the [[British Museum]]]]
[[File:Single-figure plaque, Benin Kingdom court style, Edo peoples, Benin City, Nigeria, mid 16th to 17th century, cast copper alloy - Dallas Museum of Art - DSC04934.jpg|thumb|right|Single-figure plaque, mid-sixteenth to seventeenth century, cast copper alloy, [[Dallas Museum of Art]]|upright]]
Benin Bronzes shɛŋa din daa m pahi nɛn'zura shɛŋa lala  ''punitive expedition of 1897'' ni daa n zu maa daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n sɔŋ luɣa dam dam puuni: di yaɣ'yini daa n kpalimla lala gbanpiɛlla nima ŋɔ kpamba maŋmaŋa bukaata nima zuɣu soɣili shee; ka bɛ ni m boli shɛba ni Foreign and Commonwealth Office nima la gba daa n kohi di zaɣ'gbaliŋ ka ŋanima zaa daa ti chaŋ n ti be European museums nima puuni, di bahi m bahindi Germany mini American museums nima puuni &lt;ref name=USA23 /&gt;  Di din daa m mali dariza pam daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n duhi shɛli liɣir n doli ban darili maa ni daa n dari li daa puuni shɛm. Lala ''Foreign Office'' ŋɔ nima daa nyɛla ban daa n yihi ''bronze wall plaques'' din kalinli daa n galisi pam n-ti  British Museum; lala ''plaques'' nima ŋɔ nyɛla ŋan n zaya n wuhiri Benin Kingdom taarihi nima yuuni fifteenth la mini yuuni sixteenth century nima puuni.&lt;ref name=Darshana&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.arm.arc.co.uk/CRBBinfo4.html |title=The British and the Benin Bronzes |access-date=26 July 2010 |last=Darshana |first=Soni |publisher=ARM Information Sheet 4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615032008/http://www.arm.arc.co.uk/CRBBinfo4.html |archive-date=15 June 2006 }}&lt;/ref&gt;   

== Kohimma din n niŋ nyaaŋa, sama yobu mini binyɛra mali zali dede n ti pahi yiŋa kundi ==
''Benin Bronzes collection'' shɛli din n galisi pam n gari shɛli kam bela Ethnological Museum of Berlin mini [[British Museum]] din m be London nima puuni ka din pahiri ata ka gba n galisi pam la mii be m be museums gbaliŋ shɛŋa din m be  Nigeria (di bahi m bahindi  Nigerian National Museum din m be Lagos) la puuni.{{sfn|Dohlvik|2006|p=8}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Iyer|first=Aditya|title='Today's fake culture war resurrects an old colonial trick'|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/2/3/the-museum-must-change-a-qa-with-dan-hicks|date=3 February 2021|access-date=2021-07-13|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en|archive-date=2 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702060146/https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/2/3/the-museum-must-change-a-qa-with-dan-hicks|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tum Nigeria nima ni daa n deei bɛ maŋa sulinsi yuuni 1960 la ni hali wayo, bɛ bi che ba suhibu ni bɛ labisi bɛ ''bronzes'' nima n-ti ba.{{sfn|Dohlvik|2006|p=8}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-06-17|title=The Met ought to have returned two stolen Benin Bronzes years ago|url=https://www.apollo-magazine.com/benin-bronzes-metropolitan-museum-barnaby-phillips/|first=Barnaby|last=Phillips|access-date=2021-07-13|website=[[Apollo (magazine)|Apollo]]|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713103039/https://www.apollo-magazine.com/benin-bronzes-metropolitan-museum-barnaby-phillips/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Nangbankpeeni n na nyɛla zaŋ kpa ''bronzes'' maa biɛhigu shee ni di ni daa pun m be shɛli polo. Di tooi zooya ka bɛ labuna ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni nya shɛli ka di nyɛla din yɛn ti bahindi ni bɛ n labi Africa tingbani puuni. Lala ''artefacts'' nima ŋɔ lɛbila  ''test case'' tinduya nangbankpeeni puuni n jɛndi yɛla mali zali dede bee sama yobu kamani  Elgin Marbles din daa n sɔŋ n taɣi niriba hala zaŋ kpa yiŋa kundi na polo la.{{sfn|Dohlvik|2006|p=24}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Titi |first=Catharine |author-link=Catharine Titi |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-26357-6 |title=The Parthenon Marbles and International Law |publisher=Springer |year=2023 |isbn=978-3-031-26356-9 |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-26357-6 |s2cid=258846977}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

Yuuni 1950 puuni ka British Museum nima daa m pili n kohi  Benin Bronzes din kalinli yaɣi bin pihita n-ti Nigerianima gɔmdanti. Lala saha maa, ŋun daa n guli lala museum maa, Hermann Braunholtz, daa yɛliya ni di bahi m bahindi ninvuɣ'konkoba ni maali li maa zaa yoli di ''203 plaques''  kalinli shɛŋa museum maa ni daa n kpuɣi yuuni 1898 la puuni, din bin pihita daa nyɛla din nyɛ yim; dama ŋanima daa nyɛla din n ŋmani taba ka daa lahi n zaya n-ti binyini ka daa n yɛli ni ŋanima daa nyɛla din n ka museum maa sɔŋsim shɛli.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=27 March 2002 |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710094109/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |archive-date=10 July 2011 |access-date=26 July 2010 |work=[[BBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lala bɛ kohima ŋɔ daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n che shɛli yuuni 1972 la puuni ka bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni ''museum's African art'' la baŋda daa yina n ti yɛli ni o nyɛla ŋun m bohi o suhu ni tun'shɛŋa o ni daa n tum maa.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot; /&gt; 

Yuuni 1953 la puuni, Sotheby daa n kohila Benin Bronze zuɣu £5,500, din daa nyɛ bɛ ni daa n kohiri shɛli £780 la.&lt;ref name=&quot;Phillips&quot;&gt;{{cite news|first=Barnaby|last=Phillips|title=The art dealer, the £10m Benin Bronze and the Holocaust|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|date=14 March 2021|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56292809|access-date=15 March 2021|archive-date=14 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314222855/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56292809|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yuuni 1968 la puuni, Christie daa n kohila Benin Bronze zuɣu shɛli pirinkpema ŋun daa m be o yili balinga yil'shɛli din daa n-nyɛ baŋkom puuni la £21,000 .&lt;ref name=&quot;Phillips&quot; /&gt;  Yuuni 1984 puuni, Sotheby daa n kohila ''plaque'' shɛli din daa zaya n-ti baaŋa; din dariza daa n yiɣisi bin din gbaai £25,000 mini £35,000 sunsuuni n-ti ŋun daa n dali m paai lala liɣiri maa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Darshana&quot; /&gt;  Yuuni 2015 la ni, bɛ daa n kohila Benin Bronze zuɣu n-ti ŋun daa n za o gama zuɣu n laɣindi li £10 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Phillips&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Elwes |first1=Christian |title=Hidden Treasure |url=https://www.entwistlegallery.com/news/2017/january/hidden-treasure |website=Entwistlegallery.com |publisher=Entwistle Gallery |date=9 January 2017 |access-date=15 March 2021 |archive-date=29 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329231151/https://www.entwistlegallery.com/news/2017/january/hidden-treasure |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Yuuni 2018 puuni, bɛ ni m boli shɛba ni Benin Dialogue Group nima mini British nima gɔmdanti daa m palila taba alikauli ni bɛ ni labisi lala Benin Bronzes nima maa din daa yɛn n che ka bɛ gba kpa bɛ maŋmaŋa exhibition Benin Royal Museum pali shɛli din m be Edo State puuni la.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kieron Monks|title=British Museum to return Benin Bronzes to Nigeria|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/26/africa/africa-uk-benin-bronze-return-intl/index.html|access-date=2021-07-13|website=[[CNN]]|date=26 November 2018|archive-date=5 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805094930/https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/26/africa/africa-uk-benin-bronze-return-intl/index.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ lala laɣingu ŋɔ daa nyɛla din n malila tinduya puuni museums nima , the Royal Court of Benin, the Edo State government, n ti pahi Nigerian National Commission for Museums and Monuments (NCMM) nima di puuni. Yuuni 2015 la puuni, Mark Walker daa nyɛla ŋun n labisi Benin Bronzes shɛŋa o yabidoo ni daa n kpuɣi siege on Benin Kingdom saha la puuni; Prince Edun Akenzua n daa n deegi o n niŋ o yiŋa [[Benin City]] puuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2015-02-26|title=The man who returned his grandfather's looted art|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-31605284|access-date=2021-07-13|archive-date=17 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717044259/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-31605284|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=2018-11-20|title=Easter Island governor begs British Museum to return Moai: 'You have our soul'|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/20/easter-island-british-museum-return-moai-statue|access-date=2021-07-13|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-date=15 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715041436/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/20/easter-island-british-museum-return-moai-statue|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; University of Aberdeen nima gba daa m pali ba alikauli ni bɛ ni labisi bronze zuɣu shɛli din daa n-nyɛ Oba dini la ka daa lahi n-nyɛ bɛ ni daa n da shɛli auction din daa n-niŋ yuuni 1957 puuni la na silimin gɔli March yuuni 2021 puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Aber&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=University of Aberdeen to repatriate 'looted' Nigerian bronze sculpture |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-56513346 |access-date=25 March 2021 |work=BBC News |date=25 March 2021 |archive-date=25 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325063200/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-56513346 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=University to return Benin bronze |url=https://www.abdn.ac.uk/news/14790/ |website=www.abdn.ac.uk |publisher=Aberdeen University |date=25 March 2021 |access-date=25 March 2021 |archive-date=25 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325160401/https://www.abdn.ac.uk/news/14790/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Labisibu ka n naai la ''handover ceremony'' shɛli bɛ ni daa n-niŋ silimin gɔli October biɛɣu pishi ni anii dali, yuuni 2021 puuni la.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ceremony to complete the return of Benin Bronze |url=https://www.abdn.ac.uk/news/15479/ |website=www.abdn.ac.uk |publisher=Aberdeen University |date=27 October 2021 |access-date=28 May 2023 |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028135744/https://www.abdn.ac.uk/news/15479/ }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
[[File:Unterzeichnung Vereinbarung zur Eigentumsübertragung Benin-Bronzen der Stadt Köln an Nigeria-4679.jpg|thumb|The signing of a 2022 agreement in Cologne, Germany, to transfer the Benin Bronzes of the city to Nigeria]]
Silimin gɔli April yuuni 2021 puuni, German nima gɔmdanti faa yimina n ti yɛli ni bɛ ni yo &quot;looted&quot; Benin Bronzes sama shɛŋa din daa m be ''Germany public collections'' puuni yuuni 2022 la. Hartmut Dorgerloh, ŋun daa n-nyɛ director n-ti [[Humboldt Forum]] shɛli din daa n laɣim [[Ethnological Museum of Berlin]] ka di lɛbi binyini la daa n yɛliya pɔhim zuɣu laɣingu shɛli puuni ni bɛ ni daa pun n gbaai gbaali shɛli ni bɛ zaŋ bronzes n wuhi ''museum complex'' pali shɛli din daa m be Berlin puuni la daa nyɛla &quot;bɛ ni ku tooi lahi n tɛhi n gbaai shɛli&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Hickley |first1=Catherine |title=Germany moves towards full restitution of Benin bronzes |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/germany-moves-towards-full-restitution-of-benin-bronzes |access-date=23 March 2021 |work=The Art Newspaper |date=22 March 2021 |archive-date=23 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323005505/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/germany-moves-towards-full-restitution-of-benin-bronzes |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Effort to Return Benin Bronzes to Africa Remains Ongoing Challenge|first=Marthe|last=van der Wolf|date=6 April 2021|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/europe_effort-return-benin-bronzes-africa-remains-ongoing-challenge/6204218.html|access-date=13 July 2021|website=Voice of America|language=en|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713102759/https://www.voanews.com/europe/effort-return-benin-bronzes-africa-remains-ongoing-challenge|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;   Yaha, silimin gɔli April yuuni 2021 puuni, the Church of England nima gba daa lo alikauli ni bɛ ni labisi Benin bronzes dibaa ayi shɛli bɛ ni daa n zaŋ n-ti lala saha maa [[Archbishop of Canterbury Robert Runcie]] pini yuuni 1982 la puuni na.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Dex|first=Robert|date=2021-04-12|title=Church of England to return Benin Bronzes as repatriation rows rumble on|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/exhibitions/church-england-return-benin-bronzes-repatriation-rows-b928330.html|access-date=2021-07-13|website=www.standard.co.uk|language=en|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713102452/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/exhibitions/church-england-return-benin-bronzes-repatriation-rows-b928330.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lala bronzes nima ŋɔ daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa yɛn zaŋ shɛli n tuɣi ''Benin Royal Museum collection'' shɛŋa din daa na yɛn n kana nyavuya ni.{{update inline|date=October 2021}}  lala gɔli maa puuni, the [[Horniman Museum]] din m be South London la daa n yɛliya ni di daa nyɛla binshɛli din n tuhi ni bɛ labisi ka n yo bin pihinahi ni awei kpaŋmaŋa tuun'shɛŋa bɛ ni daa n kpuɣi Benin City puuni la, di bahi m bahindi Benin Bronzes nima pia ni anu la nima maa zaa sama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=London's Horniman Museum—home to 15 Benin bronzes—announces new 'transparent procedures' for looted object requests|url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/horniman-museum-policy-on-restitution|access-date=2021-07-13|website=www.theartnewspaper.com|first=Gareth|last=Holmes|date=7 April 2021|language=en|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713090651/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/horniman-museum-policy-on-restitution|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Bɛ ni daa n zaŋ shɛli n yo British Museum ni bi ni daa n zaɣisi ni bɛ labisi lala looted Benin bronzes la na n daa n-nyɛ the Iyase (''traditional prime minister'') of Benin Kingdom ni daa n pɔbigi bronze plaque zaɣ'karili shɛli din daa n-nyɛ silimin gɔli July  biɛɣu pihita dali, yuuni 2021 puuni dini la. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=BENIN|first=NTA BROADCAST|date=2021-08-09|title=UNVEILING OF LARGEST BRONZE PLAQUE IN BENIN|work=Nigerian Television Authority (NTA)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7Ed6tPT0Xo |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/_7Ed6tPT0Xo |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Omotayo|first=Joseph|date=2021-08-05|title=Young Nigerian man makes largest plaque in Benin kingdom, showcases it in video|url=https://www.legit.ng/1427613-young-nigerian-largest-plaque-benin-kingdom-showcases-video.html|access-date=2021-10-05|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005175748/https://www.legit.ng/1427613-young-nigerian-largest-plaque-benin-kingdom-showcases-video.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Owolabi|first1=Tife|last2=Shirbon|first2=Estelle|date=2021-09-22|title=Nigerians offer artworks to British Museum in new take on looted bronzes|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerians-offer-artworks-british-museum-new-take-looted-bronzes-2021-09-22/|access-date=2021-10-05|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005175746/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerians-offer-artworks-british-museum-new-take-looted-bronzes-2021-09-22/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lala ''plaque'' ŋɔ daa nyɛla din m mali 2 tons of brass laasabu ka daa nyɛ Iyase Lukas Osarobo Zeickner-Okoro yaansi la ni puuni yino ni daa m maali shɛli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Time Scape {{!}} Nigeria: Medical Student Turned Artist Immortalizes Great King Ewuare, Oba of Benin, Unveils Largest-Ever Benin Kingdom Bronze Plaque|url=https://www.timescapemag.com/posts/nigeria-medical-student-turned-artist-immortalizes-great-king-ewuare-oba-of-benin-unveils-largest-ever-benin-kingdom-bronze-plaque|access-date=2021-10-05|website=www.timescapemag.com|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005175748/https://www.timescapemag.com/posts/nigeria-medical-student-turned-artist-immortalizes-great-king-ewuare-oba-of-benin-unveils-largest-ever-benin-kingdom-bronze-plaque|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ daa m bolila ''The Return of Oba Ewuare'' ni di wuhi Benin nima yɛda ni reincarnation mini Oba [[Ewuare II]] saha puuni Benin Bronze Age labi pili. Di daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n zaŋ shɛli n-ti British Museum ka daa taɣi n deei bronzes shɛŋa din daa m be nimaani.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-09-23|title=Nigerian Artists Offer British Museum Swap|url=https://www.museumnext.com/article/nigerian-artists-offer-british-museum-swap/|access-date=2021-11-11|website=MuseumNext|language=en|archive-date=8 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108075242/https://www.museumnext.com/article/nigerian-artists-offer-british-museum-swap/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-09-22|title=Nigerian Contemporary Art is Being Offered in Exchange for the U.K. Benin Bronzes|url=https://observer.com/2021/09/nigerian-contemporary-art-is-being-offered-in-exchange-for-the-u-k-benin-bronzes/|access-date=2021-10-05|website=Observer|language=en-US|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005175747/https://observer.com/2021/09/nigerian-contemporary-art-is-being-offered-in-exchange-for-the-u-k-benin-bronzes/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Silimin gɔli October yuuni 2021 puuni, [[Jesus College]] nima daa yina n ti yɛli ni bɛ ni labisi ''sculpture of a cockerel'' shɛli sokam ni daa m mi [[Okukor]] la n-ti Nigeria nima di ni daa n-niŋ ka bɛ shukurubihi daa n wuhi di taarihi daa anfaani ni di ni nyɛ ''looted artefact'' maa n naai. Lala statue ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa n yihi shɛli n soɣi yuuni 2016 la puuni ka niriba daa bi lahi n nyari li bɛ ni daa ti n gbaai ni bɛ labisi li; lala kolaji ŋɔ ''Legacy of Slavery Working Party'' nima vihigu daa n wuhiya ni lala ''statue'' ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa n deei shɛli court of Benin maŋmaŋa nima sani pɔi ka kolaji ŋɔ shukuru bi'so ba daa naai n yi zaŋli n lɛbi pini n-ti ba yuuni 1905 puuni .&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian cockrel&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Khomami |first=Naomi |date=15 October 2021 |title=Cambridge college to be first in UK to return looted Benin bronze |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2021/oct/15/cambridge-college-to-be-first-uk-return-looted-benin-bronze |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20211015102501/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2021/oct/15/cambridge-college-to-be-first-uk-return-looted-benin-bronze |archive-date=15 October 2021 |access-date=15 October 2021 |website=theguardian.com |quote=&quot;We are indeed very pleased and commend Jesus College for taking this lead in making restitution for the plunder that occurred in Benin in 1897,&quot; said the oba of Benin, Omo N'Oba N’Edo Uku Akpolokpolo, Ewuare II. &quot;We truly hope that others will expedite the return of our artworks which in many cases are of religious importance to us. We wish to thank [Nigeria's] President Buhari and our National Commission for Museums and Monuments for their renewed efforts in securing the release of our artefacts on our behalf.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Silimin gɔli February yuuni 2022 puuni, University of Aberdeen nima ni daa n labisi Okukor mini lala bronze maa, Oba of Benin, Ewuare II daa n deei li la royal palace shɛli din m be Benin City puuni .&lt;ref name=&quot;Welle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Colonial-era looted art returned to Nigeria and Benin {{!}} DW {{!}} 20.02.2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/colonial-era-looted-art-returned-to-nigeria-and-benin/a-60845936 |access-date=2022-02-21 |website=Deutsche Welle |language=en-GB |archive-date=21 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221123955/https://www.dw.com/en/colonial-era-looted-art-returned-to-nigeria-and-benin/a-60845936 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Silimin gɔli December yuuni 2022 puuni, [[University of Cambridge]] nima daa n yihila Benin artefacts din kalinli daa n yaɣi kɔbiga ka daa m be bɛ [[Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology]] la puuni n tahi NCMM. Ninvuɣ'so ŋun yɛri n-tiri museum maa daa yɛliya ni di shɛŋa daa yɛn n kpalimla Cambridge &quot;''on extended loan''&quot; din yɛn wuhi ni &quot;west Africa nima ninvuɣ'shɛba ban nina nehi ŋɔ na m be lala museum ŋɔ ''displays'' nima puuni mini shikuru bihi wuhibu shee&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-12-14 |title=Cambridge University to return over 100 looted Benin bronzes to Nigeria |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/dec/14/cambridge-university-to-return-over-100-looted-benin-bronzes-to-nigeria |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=The Guardian |language=en |archive-date=18 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218162152/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/dec/14/cambridge-university-to-return-over-100-looted-benin-bronzes-to-nigeria |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Hali ni silimin gɔli February yuuni 2025 puuni, bɛ na kuli m bela soli ni bɛ zaŋ lala statues nima ŋɔ n tahi Nigeria.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |first1=Craig |last1=Simpson |first2=Ben |last2=Farmer |title=Cambridge under pressure to return Benin Bronzes as Nigeria promises museum display |date=26 February 2025 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2025/02/26/cambridge-under-pressure-to-hand-back-benin-bronzes-nigeria/ |website=The Telegraph |access-date=17 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Silimin gɔli November yuuni 2021 puuni, bɛ ni m boli shɛba ni [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] la nima daa n yihila ''two sixteenth-century Bronze plaques'', ''Warrior'' ''Chief'' ''and Junior Court Official'', n tahi n ti n-ti NCMM nima.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-11-22 |title=The Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Nigerian National Commission for Museums and Monuments Gather to Mark the Transfer of Three Works of Art to the Nigerian National Collections |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/press/news/2021/the-met-and-ncmm-mou |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=www.metmuseum.org |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227133021/https://www.metmuseum.org/press/news/2021/the-met-and-ncmm-mou |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bɛ lala niŋsim ŋɔ nyɛla din n yi di ko ka che bɛ mini ba ni gbaai ni bʋ labisi shɛŋa la domin ''160 Benin Bronzes collection'' sama n na n doli ba.{{citation needed|date=March 2025}} 

Silimin gɔli January yuuni 2022 puuni, bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni [[Great North Museum: Hancock]] ŋun daa m be [[Newcastle]], England la daa lo alikauli ni o ni labisi ''Benin Bronze stave'' n tahi n ti n-ti Nigeria nima.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-01-12|title=Newcastle's Hancock museum to repatriate Benin Bronze stave|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-59964386|access-date=13 January 2022|archive-date=13 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113082424/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-59964386|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Silimin gɔli March yuuni 2022 puuni, [[Smithsonian Institution]] nima daa yina n ti yɛli ni bɛ nyɛla ban yɛn n labisi bronzes bin pihita ni awei shɛli bɛ ni daa m mali niiya ni bɛ zaŋ n wuhi salo National Museum of Benin City puuni la.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=McGlone |first=Peggy |date=8 March 2022 |title=Smithsonian to give back its collection of Benin bronzes |newspaper=[[Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2022/03/08/smithsonian-benin-bronzes-nigeria-return/ |access-date=9 March 2022 |archive-date=8 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308232359/https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2022/03/08/smithsonian-benin-bronzes-nigeria-return/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Frum |first=David |date=2022-09-14 |title=Who Benefits When Western Museums Return Looted Art? |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2022/10/benin-bronzes-nigeria-return-stolen-art/671245/ |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=The Atlantic |language=en |archive-date=21 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021173357/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2022/10/benin-bronzes-nigeria-return-stolen-art/671245/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Lala Smithsonian Institution's [[National Museum of African Art]] nima daa nyɛla ban n dihi nuu din wuhiri ni bɛ nyɛla ban n yihi Benin bronzes bin pishi ni awei bɛ sulinsi puuni n-ti NCMM nima silimin gɔli October biɛɣu pia ni yini dali, yuuni 2022 puuni, Nigerian kpamba mini cultural officials nima nin'baŋsi puuni; yaha, lala saha maa puuni bɛ ni m boli shɛba ni the [[National Gallery of Art]] nima la daa nyɛla ban gba daa n labisi Benin bronze yinga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 October 2022 |title=Smithsonian Returns 29 Benin Bronzes to the National Commission for Museums and Monuments in Nigeria |url=https://www.si.edu/newsdesk/releases/smithsonian-returns-29-benin-bronzes-national-commission-museums-and-monuments |website=Smithsonian |access-date=30 April 2023 |archive-date=30 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430160547/https://www.si.edu/newsdesk/releases/smithsonian-returns-29-benin-bronzes-national-commission-museums-and-monuments |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=U. S. Mission |date=2022-10-17 |title=30 Benin bronzes returned to Nigeria |url=https://ng.usembassy.gov/30-benin-bronzes-returned-to-nigeria/ |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=U.S. Embassy and Consulate in Nigeria |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Silimin gɔli July yuuni 2022 puuni, Germany daa yina n ti yɛli bɛ ni daa yɛn n yihi 1,100 artefacts shɛŋa din daa m be m be [[Linden Museum]] din m be Stuttgart puuni, Humboldt Forum din m be Berlin tingbani puuni, the [[Rautenstrauch-Joest Museum]] din m be Cologne, the [[Museum am Rothenbaum]] din m be Hamburg puuni, n ti pahi ''the State Ethnographic Collections of Saxony'' nima puuni. Ŋanima zaa labisibu nima na daa nyɛla lala German museums nima mini Nigeria gɔmdanti ni daa n gbaai shɛli ni &quot;representative collection of objects&quot; shɛŋa bɛ ni daa n zaŋ n zali mi di kpalim Germay long-term loan puuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/01/germany-hands-over-two-benin-bronzes-to-nigeria?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other | title=Germany hands over two Benin bronzes to Nigeria | website=[[TheGuardian.com]] | date=July 2022 | access-date=1 July 2022 | archive-date=1 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701130702/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/01/germany-hands-over-two-benin-bronzes-to-nigeria?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-to-return-looted-artifacts-to-africa/a-62300419 | title=Germany to return looted artifacts to Africa &amp;#124; DW &amp;#124; 29.06.2022 | website=[[Deutsche Welle]] | access-date=1 July 2022 | archive-date=1 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701130702/https://www.dw.com/en/germany-to-return-looted-artifacts-to-africa/a-62300419 | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Silimin gɔli November biɛɣu pishi mi anii dali, yuuni 2022 puuni, London [[Horniman Museum]] nima daa n ʒinila ʒinahigu ni bɛ n labisi Benin Bronzes  shɛŋa bɛ mi m mali ka di nyɛ Nigeria nima dini n-ti ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/story/moral-and-appropriate-museum-begins-return-of-artefacts-looted-by-british-troops-12757670|title='Moral and appropriate': Museum begins return of artefacts looted by British troops|website=Sky News|date=29 November 2022|access-date=29 November 2022|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129060543/https://news.sky.com/story/moral-and-appropriate-museum-begins-return-of-artefacts-looted-by-british-troops-12757670|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/nov/28/london-museum-returns-looted-benin-city-artefacts-to-nigeria|title=London museum returns looted Benin City artefacts to Nigeria|website=The Guardian|last=Sherwood|first=Harriet|date=28 November 2022|access-date=29 November 2022|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129003538/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/nov/28/london-museum-returns-looted-benin-city-artefacts-to-nigeria|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/art/what-to-see/wellcome-collection-closes-medicine-man-exhibition-universal/|title=Is the 'world museum' doomed?|website=The Telegraph|last=Sooke|first=Alistair|date=29 November 2022|access-date=29 November 2022|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129072121/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/art/what-to-see/wellcome-collection-closes-medicine-man-exhibition-universal/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Kundivihira ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:AfroCuration 2025]]
[[Pubu:Lahabaya zaa]]</text>
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'''''Benin Tahaʒɛri''''' nyɛla kuri paɣa mini bin kpɛri shɛŋa din n laɣim taba m bo nachinsi n dihi Benin Nayili, din pa n-nyɛ ''Edo State'', [[Nigeria]]. Lala ''metal plaques'' nima ŋɔ nyɛla ''Guild of Benin Bronze Casters'' nima, ban pa m be ''Igun Street'' puuni ŋɔ, din nyɛ bɛ ni lahi m booni shɛli ni ''Igun-Eronmwon Quarters'' la ni daa yi m malindi shɛli. Lala binyɛra ŋɔ n daa yi n laɣim taba n nam ''Benin art'' Shɛhira shɛŋa ŋan ne n doya kashi ka daa yi n-nyɛ yuuni ''fourteenth century'' la ''artists'' ban daa n-nyɛ Edo niriba la ni daa m maali shɛŋa .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Af1898-0115-23 |title=British Museum, &quot;Curator's comments&quot; |access-date=17 May 2021 |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028163529/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Af1898-0115-23 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.artic.edu/benin/artwork/190110 Benin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028163530/https://archive.artic.edu/benin/artwork/190110 |date=28 October 2021 }}, The Art Institute of Chicago.&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=36}}{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=37}}&lt;ref name=Meyerowitz /&gt;  Lala ''plaques'' ŋɔ, Edo balli nima ni m booni shɛli ni ''Ama'' la,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Digital Benin |url=https://digitalbenin.org/eyo-oto/1 |access-date=2023-11-26 |website=digitalbenin.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;  yi nyɛla din n wuhiri luɣ'shɛŋa bee n ʒeya n-tiri yɛlkpana lala Nayili maa taarihi puuni  .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hicks |first=Dan |title=The Brutish Museums: The Benin Bronzes, Colonial Violence and Cultural Restitution |publisher=Pluto Press |year=2020 |location=London |pages=138–139}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lala ''plaques'' nima ŋɔ nyaaŋa, ''sculptures'' shɛŋa ŋan m be ''brass'' bee ''bronze'' puuni nima n-nyɛ ''portrait heads'', ''jewellery'' (tib'kpariti, baŋsi, nintuhi, ni ŋan n pahi pahi), n ti pahi ''smaller pieces.''
[[File:Benin, portoghese, XVI-XVII sec.JPG|thumb|A 16th-century Benin Bronze depicting a Portuguese soldier, with [[Manilla (money)|manilla]]s in the background ([[Leipzig Museum of Ethnography]])]]
''Sculptures'' shɛŋa ŋan n-tiri suhupiɛlli ŋɔ zooya ka di nyɛla yuuni fourteenth century la dina, amaa ka di zaɣ'bɔbigu mii zooi ka di nyɛ yuuni fifteenth mini sixteenth centuries la puuni dina. Vihigu wuhiya ni &quot;''Golden Ages''&quot; dibaa ayi din m be Benin kuriti tuun'baŋsim puuni nyɛla din daa n yina ''Esigie''  1550) mini  Eresoyen (1735–1750) nima nam saha puuni saha shɛli bɛ tuun'baŋsim ni daa n zani di naba ayi zuɣu la.{{sfn|Greenfield|2007|p=122}}

Lala ''plaque'' nima ŋɔ pam mini binyɛra shɛŋa daa nyɛla gbanpiɛlla la ni daa n va shɛŋa ''Benin Expedition of 1897'' saha la puuni n chaŋ pirimila bɛ mini  ban n daa m be ''Southern Nigeria'' nima dimba la ni daa n-nyɛ yim la zuɣu.&lt;ref name=&quot;British&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/benin-bronzes-british-museum-nigeria-stolen-imperialist-treasures-return-loan-elgin-marbles-looted-a8414661.html|title=British museums may loan Nigeria bronzes that were taken from Nigeria by the British|first=Adam|last=Lusher|date=24 June 2018|website=The Independent|access-date=14 December 2018|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030042646/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/benin-bronzes-british-museum-nigeria-stolen-imperialist-treasures-return-loan-elgin-marbles-looted-a8414661.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lala so'chandiba ŋɔ  daa nyɛla ban n tumdi n doli gbanpiɛlla ŋɔ zalisi ni bɛ bɔhi biɛri n-ti ban gbanpiɛlla ŋɔ ninvuɣ'shɛba mini bɛ Africa tuumba shɛba bɛ ni daa n-tim na silimin gɔli January yuuni 1897 puuni ka bɛ daa ti n koŋ bɛ nyavuya la zuɣu. Shikuru baŋdi'shɛba kamani  ''Dan Hicks'', daa nyɛla ŋɔ yɛli ni lala ''expedition'' nima maa zaa daa nyɛla din n pahi bɛ shɛ'shɛŋa bɛ ni daa n mali ka n nuɣisi n lɛbi fitiina bee nahingu ni bɛ zaŋ n liri Africa n ti zaŋ bɛ European sulinsi m biri ka n dehi daabiligu anfaani nima shɛŋa ŋa m be ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hicks |first=Dan |title=The Brutish Museums: the Benin Bronzes, colonial violence and cultural restitution |publisher=Pluto Press |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-7453 4176-7 |pages=3, 40–42, 67–69, 84}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bɛ daa n zaŋla lala expedition ŋɔ n va two hundred pieces n tahi ''British Museum'' din m be London puuni la ka zaŋ ŋan n kpalim maa mii zaa n tahi European museums ŋan n kpalim la gba nima mii puuni  {{sfn|Greenfield|2007|p=124}}  Di nyɛla din n zooi pam British Museum puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;British&quot; /&gt; ka naain n yi che din gba m-be m-be Germany mini United States shɛŋa ŋan m mali yuya la nima puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;USA23&quot;&gt;''Benin Diplomatic Handbook'', p. 23.&lt;/ref&gt;

Yuuni 19th-century la nyaaŋa shikuru baŋdiba  ''O. M. Dalton'' mini ''Charles Hercules Read'' nima ban daa deei n bahindila bɛ yiligu ni lala Benin knowledge of ''metallurgy'' ŋɔ daa nyɛla din n yi ''Portuguese'' daabihi shɛba ban mini Benin nima maa daa pun n-niŋ ningbuna ni taba ''early modern period'' la puuni ka lala yɛligu ŋɔ daa nyɛ din bi n tam kanli zuɣu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meyerowitz&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Meyerowitz |first=Eva L. R. |year=1943 |title=Ancient Bronzes in the Royal Palace at Benin |publisher=The Burlington Magazine Publications, Ltd. |volume=83 |pages=248–253 |jstor=868735 |newspaper=[[The Burlington Magazine]] |number=487}}&lt;/ref&gt; Benin nayili din daa pun nyɛla luɣ'shɛli Africa shɛba ban nina daa pun n nehi nima ni daa m be shɛli n yuui pɔi ka Portuguese daabihi daa naain n chaŋ nimaani,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-africa/west-africa/nigeria/a/benin-and-the-portuguese|title=Benin and the Portuguese|website=Khan Academy|access-date=26 November 2018|archive-date=3 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703051030/https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-africa/west-africa/nigeria/a/benin-and-the-portuguese|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BBCBen&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=The kingdom of Benin |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zpvckqt/articles/z3n7mp3 |access-date=8 July 2021 |archive-date=29 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629031139/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zpvckqt/articles/z3n7mp3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Hali gba bronze nima daa pun nyɛla binshɛli bɛ ni daa pun n malindi shɛli Benin pɔi ka Portuguese nima maa daa naain n yi chaŋ nimaani.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Mihăilescu|first1=Plutarh-Antoniu|title=Întâlnire cu arta africană|date=1968|publisher=Editura Meridiane|page=48|language=ro}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni Benin bronze sculpture tradition la nyɛla bɛ ni yɛli ni shɛli daa n yila ''Kingdom of Ife'' din m be southwest Nigeria nayili kurili shɛli din daa m baɣi ba la puuni na.{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=36}}{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=37}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Meyerowitz&quot; /&gt; 

Ŋanima zaɣibɔbigu n laɣim taba ka bɛ boli li Benin Bronzes,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Gregg |first1=Emma |title=The story of Nigeria's stolen Benin Bronzes, and the London museum returning them |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/nigeria-stolen-benin-bronzes-london-museum |work=[[National Geographic]] |date=2022-09-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; kamani West Africa nima &quot;''bronzes''&quot; pam, di zaɣibilima nyɛla bɛ ni n maali shɛli ''brass'' ŋa nyɛ ''variable composition'' la puuni.{{efn|The [[British Museum]] notes that the term &quot;[[copper alloy]]&quot; is more appropriate in [[museology]] as it avoids the distinction between brass and bronze.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/term_details.aspx?scopeType=Terms&amp;scopeId=18864 British Museum, &quot;Scope Note&quot; for &quot;copper alloy&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818004043/http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/term_details.aspx?scopeType=Terms&amp;scopeId=18864 |date=18 August 2014 }}. Britishmuseum.org. Retrieved 26 May 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;}}  Di shɛŋa gba beni ka bɛ zaŋla ''bronze'' mini ''brass'', ''wood'', ''ceramic'', n ti pahi ''ivory'' ni nɛ'shɛŋa ŋa m pahi pahi n gabi taba n maali ŋanima.{{sfn|Dohlvik|2006|p=21}} Di kuriti yaɣa maa daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n zaŋ  lost-wax casting n maali shɛŋa ka ŋanima nyɛ din m pahi Africa ''sculptures'' shɛŋa bɛ ni zaŋ lala soli (''technique'') ŋɔ n mali ka di mali nintiɣili.{{sfn|Nevadomsky|2004|pp=1, 4, 86–8, 95–6}} Yuuni 15th century la bahigu puuni ka Benin nima daa n pilil ivory, naanzuwa n ti pahi daba kuhibu daabiligu ni&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Santos |first1=Talita Teixeira dos |title=Com a cruz e sem a espada: aspectos da relação comercial entre Portugal e o reino do Benim ao longo dos séculos XV e XVI. |journal=Associação Nacional de História  |date=July 2010 |volume=XIV |url=http://www.encontro2010.rj.anpuh.org/resources/anais/8/1276639759_ARQUIVO_Trabalho_benim.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Portuguese nima ka daa lahi n zaŋ ''manillas'' (brass ingots kamani baŋsi laasabu la ka nyɛ bɛ daa n da shɛli Portuguese nima maa sani)  n pahi ka di nyɛ luɣ'shɛli polo bɛ ni n yihiri bee n nyari kuriti n malindi bɛ ''sculpture''. Lala manillas' brass shɛli bɛ ni daa n yɛli ni shɛli daa tuui n yina The Netherlands la pa nyɛla bɛ ni lahi n yɛli ni shɛli pa nyɛla din n yi ''Rhineland'' region of Germany nima sani na.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=German brass for Benin Bronzes: Geochemical analysis insights into the early Atlantic trade | date=2023 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0283415 |language=en | doi-access=free | last1=Skowronek | first1=Tobias B. | last2=Decorse | first2=Christopher R. | last3=Denk | first3=Rolf | last4=Birr | first4=Stefan D. | last5=Kingsley | first5=Sean | last6=Cook | first6=Gregory D. | last7=Benito Dominguez | first7=Ana María | last8=Clifford | first8=Brandon | last9=Barker | first9=Andrew | last10=Otero | first10=José Suárez | last11=Moreira | first11=Vicente Caramés | last12=Bode | first12=Michael | last13=Jansen | first13=Moritz | last14=Scholes | first14=Daniel | journal=PLOS ONE | volume=18 | issue=4 | pages=e0283415 | pmid=37018227 | pmc=10075414 | bibcode=2023PLoSO..1883415S }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Alberge |first1=Dalya |title=Benin bronzes made from metal mined in west Germany, study finds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/05/benin-bronzes-made-from-brass-mined-in-west-germany-study-finds |website=The Guardian |access-date=8 April 2023 |date=5 April 2023 |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408050236/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/05/benin-bronzes-made-from-brass-mined-in-west-germany-study-finds |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Famous Benin Bronzes from West Africa used metal sourced in Germany |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2368057-famous-benin-bronzes-from-west-africa-used-metal-sourced-in-germany/ |website=New Scientist |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407104457/https://www.newscientist.com/article/2368057-famous-benin-bronzes-from-west-africa-used-metal-sourced-in-germany/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;   
== Taarihi ==
Di nambu mini di tuma biɛhigu puuni 

Lala dramatic sculptures ŋɔ shɛŋa pam nyɛla din daa n yina yuuni thirteenth century la puuni ka di zaɣ'bɔbigu pam mi daa n yina yuuni fifteenth mini sixteenth centuries la puuni. Vihigu wuhiya ni &quot;''Golden Ages''&quot; ŋɔ dibaa ayi din m be Benin kuriti tuun'baŋsim puuni la nyɛla din daa n yina Esigie (fl. 1550) mini Eresoyen (1735–1750) nima saha puuni, dini daa n-niŋ ka bɛ baŋsim zaŋ kpa bɛ tuma polo la daa n zani di naba ayi zuɣu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Igbafe |first1=Phillip |title=Slavery and Emancipation in Benin, 1897-1945 |journal=The Journal of African History |date=1975 |volume=16 |issue=3 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=409–429 |doi=10.1017/S002185370001433X |jstor=180474 |s2cid=161431780 |edition=3 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/180474 |access-date=24 October 2022 |archive-date=1 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301190351/https://www.jstor.org/stable/180474 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
{{Quote box|width=246px|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|align=right|quote=&quot;The king's palace or court is a square, and is as large as the town of [[Haarlem]] and entirely surrounded by a special wall, like that which encircles the town. It is divided into many magnificent palaces, houses, and apartments of the courtiers, and comprises beautiful and long square galleries...resting on wooden pillars, from top to bottom covered with cast copper, on which are engraved the pictures of their war exploits and battles, and are kept very clean.&quot;|source=[[Olfert Dapper]], a Dutch writer, describing Benin in his book ''[[Description of Africa (Olfert Dapper)|Description of Africa]]'' (1668){{sfn|Willett|1985|p=102}}}}
Lala [[Benin]] nayili ŋɔ nyɛla din n deegi din pa n-nyɛ Nigeria ŋɔ ''southern'' yaɣa la bin din daa n gbaai yuuni fourteenth la mini nineteenth centuries la nima puuni, daa nyɛla din n mali ''sculptures'' pam ka ŋa nɛn'shɛŋa kam bɛ ni zaŋ n maali kamani ''iron'', ''bronze'', ''wood'', ''ivory'' n ti pahi ''terra cotta'' nima nyɛ din n gahim n yi di ko. ''Oba'' nayili shɛli din m be Benin City puuni ka nyɛ luɣ'shɛli polo bɛ ni n malindi ''royal'' ancestral altars la n daa lahi n-nyɛ luɣ'shɛli polo bɛ ni  daa yi n niŋdi ''court ceremonial life'' shɛli ''Oba of Benin'', o tɔb'bihi, nanima mini ban mali zaashehi, tindaanba, ninvuɣ'shɛba ban m be nayili maa laɣinsi puuni, tinduya puuni daabihi mini mercenaries, n ti pahi n tumdi n tiri niriba ka bɛ yori ba ni ban n chani nayili maa nima ni mali nuu timbu shɛli puuni. Lala nayili ŋɔ daa nyɛla din laɣim yiya gbaliŋ n gili di sheeni ka daa lahi n-nyɛ luɣ'shɛli polo bɛ ni daa yi mali ''rectangular brass plaques'' din anfooni me n ŋmahim ninvuɣ'shɛba mini yɛl'shɛŋa din che ka court maa ŋmani binvuhirili la bin kɔbiga kɔbiga.&lt;ref name=Ezra&gt;{{cite book|last=Ezra|first=Kate|title=Royal art of Benin: the Perls collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|year=1992|publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art|location=New York|isbn=978-0-8109-6414-3|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/royalartofbeninp0000ezra}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

''Bronze'' mini ''ivory'' binyɛra tumtumsa galiya pam Benin nayili yɛl'maana mini di kootu biɛhigu puuni. Di tuma daa na nyɛla bɛ ni daa na n mali li n dihiri nayili maa nachinsi ka di daa nyɛ din n mali bronze tuma pam ŋa puuni.{{sfn|Pijoan|1966|p=12}} Bɛ daa yi n kpahila kuusanima n sa n sa nayili ŋɔ pilanima zuɣu ka zaŋ ŋanima n yili yili li.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ezra&quot; /&gt;  Bɛ kootu maa kali soli zuɣu yɛlkpani daa nyɛmi ni bɛ paɣi ka simsi lala bɛ Oba duuma ŋɔ , bɛ naa ŋun gahim ka yi o ko, n ti pahi o nam timsim taarihi bee ni bɛ paɣi ka n simsi ''Iyoba of Benin'' (''the queen mother'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Kings&quot; /&gt;  ''Art'', di yi ti kana Benin nayili polo, di nyɛla din mali balibu pam amaa ka ŋanima zaa puuni ''bronze'' mini ''brass reliefs'' n ti tabili Na'zuɣiri nima mini ''queen mothers'' nima dina n-nyɛ niriba pam ni n mi shɛŋa yɛla. Bɛ ni zaŋ ''bronze'' n maali ŋman'shɛŋa, buɣliŋbuɣliŋ nima, ''ornaments'', ''jewellery'' (tikpariti, cheeni nima, nintuhi, baŋsi, ni ŋa n pahi), n ti pahi binyɛr'shɛŋa bɛ ni mali m maani yɛli maana zaa malila dimaŋa bee nachinsi nɛma nahingbana mini binmaŋa ŋanima puuni n wuhiri bɛ n maali ŋanima kpaŋmaŋa di bahi m bahindi ''figurative'' tum'shɛŋa din m be ''bronze'' mini ''ivory carvings'' ni gari ŋanima zuɣu maa zaa yoli.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kings&quot; /&gt;

Africa tingbani puuni, tuma din n yi Benin na wuhiya ni bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni ''the technique of lost-wax casting'' la daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa pun n daŋ n maali shɛli. Di yi daa ti n-niŋ ka tiŋ'naa kani, na'so ŋun daa yɛn n ʒini gbana maa zuɣu n daa yɛn n puhi ka bɛ maali ''bronze'' zuɣu n-ti lala naa maa. Lala ''sculptures'' nima kalinli ŋan n yiɣisi kɔbiga ni pisopɔin na nyɛla din m beni ka naain n yi che din gba na beni ka nyɛ yuuni twelfth century la puuni dina.{{sfn|Gowing|1984|p=578}}  Lala Oba ŋɔ, bee tiŋ'naa, nuu n yi m pa nɛn'shɛŋa din nyabu yi n to n-ti ba kamani salima nima, elephant tusks, n ti pahi bronze nima la zuɣu. Lala tiŋ'nanima ŋɔ kpaŋmaŋa puuni ka bɛ tooi n malindi ''splendid Benin bronzes''; dinbɔŋɔ wuhiya ni lala ''royal courts'' nima ŋɔ kpaŋmaŋa tohibunima puuni ka sub-Saharan ''art'' yina n ti niŋ katari.{{sfn|Leuzinger|1976|p=24}} Yuuni 1939 la puuni, zuɣ'shɛŋa din nyɛ yim kamani Benin tiŋ'nayili ŋɔ dini la daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n nya shɛli [[Ife]], din nyɛ [[Yoruba]] nima tiŋ'shɛli din gahim n niŋ kashi la puuni. Lala niŋsim ŋɔ daa n niŋla yuuni fourteenth mini yuuni fifteenth centuries la nima puuni. Di daa nyɛla din n-niŋ n dalim bɛ kaya yɛlkurili shɛli bɛ ni daa n gbubi ni Ife ''artist'' nima n wuhi Benin nima bronze kuriti maalibu soya.{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=36}}  ''Recognition of the antiquity of the technology'' ban m be Benin nima ni daa ti m baŋ lala ''technology'' ŋɔ taarihi yɛla, bɛ daa n-tila tooni m malind lala ''sculptures'' nima n jɛndiri di saha nima.{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=37}}

=== ''European interest and the Benin Expedition of 1897'' ===
[[File:Ancient Benin city.JPG|thumb|An idealised depiction of Benin City by a Dutch artist in the 1686 French edition of [[Olfert Dapper]]'s ''[[Description of Africa (1668 book)|Description of Africa]]'' (1668).{{sfn|Willett|1985|pp=100-1}}]]
Africa nima ''art'' Shɛhira bela daa nyɛla Europeans nima ni daa pun n laɣim shɛli pɔi ni yuuni nineteenth century la puuni, di bahi m bahindi European nima ni daa pun n yihi bukunima na ka di daa n mali Benin City mini of the oba's palace bin din gbaai yuuni 1600s la ha mali chana anfooni nima di puuni maa zaa yoli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last1=Anagnost |first1=Adrian |title=Edo Spaces, European Images: Iterations of Art and Architecture in Benin |date=2022-12-19 |url=https://www.artic.edu/digital-publications/36/perspectives-on-instability/14/edo-spaces-european-images |work=Perspectives on In/Stability |editor-last=Collier |editor-first=Delinda |publisher=The Art Institute of Chicago |doi=10.53269/26939851/01/02 |isbn=978-0-86559-314-5 |access-date=2022-12-26 |last2=Gueorguiev |first2=Manol |editor2-last=Farrell |editor2-first=Robyn |doi-access=free |archive-date=26 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226223419/https://www.artic.edu/digital-publications/36/perspectives-on-instability/14/edo-spaces-european-images |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Yuuni nineteenth century la piligu puuni saha shɛli ''colonization'' mini ''missionary'' tuma ni daa n pilila ko puuni ka bɛ daa pili n kpuɣiri Africa nima kpaŋmaŋa tuma pam n mali n tahiri Europe, ka daa mali ŋanima m booni ni ''simple curiosities of'' &quot;''pagan''&quot; ''cults''. Lala bɛ biɛhigu ŋɔ daa nyɛla din n taɣi lala Benin Expedition of 1897 maa ni daa n-niŋ n naagi. 

Yuuni 1897 la puuni, bɛ ni m boli so ni vice consul general la, ''James Robert Phillips'', ka o daa n-nyɛ ''Niger Coast Protectorate'', n ti n tabili gbanpiɛla ninvuɣ'timsa bɛ baa ayobu, daabihi bɛ baa ayi, ban n lɛbigiri yɛltɔɣa,  n ti pahi ''215 porters'', daa nyɛla ban kpuɣi napɔŋ n doli ''small port of'' [[Sapele]], Nigeria, n chaŋ Benin&lt;ref name=&quot;Meyerowitz&quot; /&gt;  Niiya shɛli zuɣu bɛ ni daa n kpuɣi lala napɔŋ ŋɔ daa nyɛla zabili zuɣu. Lala niriba ŋɔ niiya daa nyɛmi ni bɛ mini Oba of Benin ŋɔ daa n gbaagi bee n di fiila, amaa taarihi shɛŋa gba wuhiya ni di daa n nyɛla ''reconnaissance mission'' shɛli bɛ ni daa n kpuɣi ka suhudoo laɣingu chandi la din daa kuli yɛn n che ka bɛ yihi bɛ tiŋ'naa ''king (Oba) of Benin'' gbana zuɣu.&lt;ref&gt;Philip Igbafe, ''Benin under British Administration: the Impact of Colonial Rule on an African Kingdom, 1897-1938'' (1979), pp. 56-61&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=The Annexation of Benin |first=T. U. |last=Obinyan |journal=Journal of Black Studies |volume=19 |issue=1 |date=September 1988 |pages=29–40 |publisher=Sage .|jstor=2784423 |doi=10.1177/002193478801900103|s2cid=142726955 }}&lt;/ref&gt;   Bɛ daa nyɛla ban n yɛli bɛ chandi maa daliri tɔ amaa bɛ daa yɛli ba mi ni shee bɛ na n guhi pɔi ni ka che zino bi kpɛri bɛ tiŋa maa ni saha shɛli bɛ ni na n maani bɛ yɛli maana;&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot;&gt;''Benin Diplomatic Handbook'', p. 21.&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Dohlvik|2006|pp=21-2}}  tɔ amaa, saanba ŋɔ daa bi n wum n-ti ba ka daa n tuɣi bɛ lala expedition maa.{{sfn|Greenfield|2007|p=123}}  Bɛ daa nyɛla Oba tobu bihi ni daa n liri shɛba lala tiŋa maa south ka Europeans nima niriba ayi ko n daa ti n tiligi lala ''ensuing massacre'' maa .&lt;ref name=&quot;Meyerowitz&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot; /&gt;  
[[File:Drawing of Benin City made by an English officer 1897.jpg|thumb|left|Illustration of [[Benin City]] in 1897, drawn by a British official]]
Yɛli ŋɔ lahabali daa nyɛla din n to London, dabaa anii nyaaŋa ka bɛ daa n niŋ yom n laɣim bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni naval ''punitive expedition'' la,&lt;ref name=Meyerowitz /&gt;&lt;ref name=USA /&gt;{{sfn|Greenfield|2007|p=123}} ka bɛ niiya daa nyɛ ni bɛ piɛli li m bahi ''Admiral Harry Rawson''. Lala gbanpiɛlla soojanima ŋɔ daa nyɛla ban n saɣim ka wurim binshɛlikam din daa m be Benin City puuni.&lt;ref name=Meyerowitz /&gt;&lt;ref name=USA /&gt; Lala bɛ lirigu ŋɔ nyaaŋa, ban daa n di nasara lala tobu maa puuni daa n zaŋla art zaŋ n dihi lala ''Royal Palace'' maa mini ban daa n mali zaashehi ni yuya biɛhigu puuni yiya, din daa n-nyɛ bɛ ni daa n zaŋ yun'gbaliŋ n laɣim shɛŋa la n lɛbi bɛ tuma n tumda. Lala ''official'' nima ŋɔ chandi shɛli bɛ ni daa n chaŋ ŋɔ daa nyɛla British nima maa kpema ni daa n sabi shɛli ka di daa n wuhi ni din daa n tahili ka bɛ daa n nya nasara lala bɛ lirigu maa puuni daa nyɛmi ni tinkpaŋnima maa daa n lirimi n saɣim suhudoo chandi ni lala ''expedition'' maa mii daa nyɛla din n-ti sokam soli ni o niŋdi o suhu ni bori shɛli ni di gu li ka che ''reign of terror'' .&lt;ref name=USA /&gt;&lt;ref name=Darshana /&gt; Yuuni 2020 buku daa n wuhiya ni; &quot;tum yuuni 1960s saha maa ha, taarihibaŋdiba pam nyɛla ban m baŋ lala expedition shɛli bɛ ni daa n-niŋ ni bɛ n yihi Oba ''Ovonramwen'' Nogbaisi (Overami), bɛ ni daa n ʒili so namkuɣu puuni yuuni 1888 la ni, ka di daa m pa biɛri ka o daa yɛn m bohi amaa ka daa lee nyɛmi ni o beni n lihiri ka tiri zalisi ka di yuugi la zuɣu maa gbunni.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ninvuɣ'shɛba gbubimi ni dina n che ka ŋun n sulinsi puuni lala bini ŋɔ gbunni bi ne ka di nyɛ di ti yɛn n dalim ''bronzes'' shɛŋa din ti yɛn n labina Benin la zaɣ'pala.&lt;ref&gt;Kiwara-Wilson, Salome. Restituting Colonial Plunder: The Case for the Benin Bronzes and Ivories. DePaul Journal of Art, Technology &amp; Intellectual Property Law. 2013&lt;/ref&gt; 

Lala tum'shɛŋa British nima ŋɔ ni daa n kpuɣi maa daa nyɛla ''treasure hoard of bronze and ivory sculptures'' di bahi m bahindi tiŋ'nanima zuɣuri, ''queen mother'' nima zuɣuri, ''leopard figurines'', buɣliŋbuɣliŋnima, n ti pahi anfooninima shɛŋa bɛ ni daa m maali ka ŋanima kalinli galisi pam zaa daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n zaŋ  ''lost-wax casting'' n wurim shɛŋa. Yuuni 1910 la puuni, German nima vihigu vihira, ''Leo Frobenius'' daa nyɛla ŋun n ʒi expedition n chaŋ Africa ka o niiya daa nyɛ ni o dehi Africanima ''art'' kpaŋmaŋa tuma nima n-ti niŋ o ya museum nima puuni.{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=20}}  Zuŋɔ di din kpalim m be  Nigeria galisim zaa bi yaɣi di bin pihinu tɔ amaa, di kalinli din n yiɣisi ''2,400 pieces'' nyɛla din m be Europeanima mini Americanima sulinsi puuni.{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=35}}

=== Museums nima ni pu m pu n doya boŋ boŋ shɛm ===
[[File:Benin Bronzes.jpg|thumb|Two Benin Bronzes in London's [[British Museum]]]]
[[File:Benin bronzes british museum 2023.JPG|thumb|A display of Benin Bronzes at the [[British Museum]]]]
[[File:Single-figure plaque, Benin Kingdom court style, Edo peoples, Benin City, Nigeria, mid 16th to 17th century, cast copper alloy - Dallas Museum of Art - DSC04934.jpg|thumb|right|Single-figure plaque, mid-sixteenth to seventeenth century, cast copper alloy, [[Dallas Museum of Art]]|upright]]
Benin Bronzes shɛŋa din daa m pahi nɛn'zura shɛŋa lala  ''punitive expedition of 1897'' ni daa n zu maa daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n sɔŋ luɣa dam dam puuni: di yaɣ'yini daa n kpalimla lala gbanpiɛlla nima ŋɔ kpamba maŋmaŋa bukaata nima zuɣu soɣili shee; ka bɛ ni m boli shɛba ni Foreign and Commonwealth Office nima la gba daa n kohi di zaɣ'gbaliŋ ka ŋanima zaa daa ti chaŋ n ti be European museums nima puuni, di bahi m bahindi Germany mini American museums nima puuni &lt;ref name=USA23 /&gt;  Di din daa m mali dariza pam daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n duhi shɛli liɣir n doli ban darili maa ni daa n dari li daa puuni shɛm. Lala ''Foreign Office'' ŋɔ nima daa nyɛla ban daa n yihi ''bronze wall plaques'' din kalinli daa n galisi pam n-ti  British Museum; lala ''plaques'' nima ŋɔ nyɛla ŋan n zaya n wuhiri Benin Kingdom taarihi nima yuuni fifteenth la mini yuuni sixteenth century nima puuni.&lt;ref name=Darshana&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.arm.arc.co.uk/CRBBinfo4.html |title=The British and the Benin Bronzes |access-date=26 July 2010 |last=Darshana |first=Soni |publisher=ARM Information Sheet 4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615032008/http://www.arm.arc.co.uk/CRBBinfo4.html |archive-date=15 June 2006 }}&lt;/ref&gt;   

== Kohimma din n niŋ nyaaŋa, sama yobu mini binyɛra mali zali dede n ti pahi yiŋa kundi ==
''Benin Bronzes collection'' shɛli din n galisi pam n gari shɛli kam bela Ethnological Museum of Berlin mini [[British Museum]] din m be London nima puuni ka din pahiri ata ka gba n galisi pam la mii be m be museums gbaliŋ shɛŋa din m be  Nigeria (di bahi m bahindi  Nigerian National Museum din m be Lagos) la puuni.{{sfn|Dohlvik|2006|p=8}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Iyer|first=Aditya|title='Today's fake culture war resurrects an old colonial trick'|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/2/3/the-museum-must-change-a-qa-with-dan-hicks|date=3 February 2021|access-date=2021-07-13|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en|archive-date=2 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702060146/https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/2/3/the-museum-must-change-a-qa-with-dan-hicks|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tum Nigeria nima ni daa n deei bɛ maŋa sulinsi yuuni 1960 la ni hali wayo, bɛ bi che ba suhibu ni bɛ labisi bɛ ''bronzes'' nima n-ti ba.{{sfn|Dohlvik|2006|p=8}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-06-17|title=The Met ought to have returned two stolen Benin Bronzes years ago|url=https://www.apollo-magazine.com/benin-bronzes-metropolitan-museum-barnaby-phillips/|first=Barnaby|last=Phillips|access-date=2021-07-13|website=[[Apollo (magazine)|Apollo]]|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713103039/https://www.apollo-magazine.com/benin-bronzes-metropolitan-museum-barnaby-phillips/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Nangbankpeeni n na nyɛla zaŋ kpa ''bronzes'' maa biɛhigu shee ni di ni daa pun m be shɛli polo. Di tooi zooya ka bɛ labuna ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni nya shɛli ka di nyɛla din yɛn ti bahindi ni bɛ n labi Africa tingbani puuni. Lala ''artefacts'' nima ŋɔ lɛbila  ''test case'' tinduya nangbankpeeni puuni n jɛndi yɛla mali zali dede bee sama yobu kamani  Elgin Marbles din daa n sɔŋ n taɣi niriba hala zaŋ kpa yiŋa kundi na polo la.{{sfn|Dohlvik|2006|p=24}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Titi |first=Catharine |author-link=Catharine Titi |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-26357-6 |title=The Parthenon Marbles and International Law |publisher=Springer |year=2023 |isbn=978-3-031-26356-9 |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-26357-6 |s2cid=258846977}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

Yuuni 1950 puuni ka British Museum nima daa m pili n kohi  Benin Bronzes din kalinli yaɣi bin pihita n-ti Nigerianima gɔmdanti. Lala saha maa, ŋun daa n guli lala museum maa, Hermann Braunholtz, daa yɛliya ni di bahi m bahindi ninvuɣ'konkoba ni maali li maa zaa yoli di ''203 plaques''  kalinli shɛŋa museum maa ni daa n kpuɣi yuuni 1898 la puuni, din bin pihita daa nyɛla din nyɛ yim; dama ŋanima daa nyɛla din n ŋmani taba ka daa lahi n zaya n-ti binyini ka daa n yɛli ni ŋanima daa nyɛla din n ka museum maa sɔŋsim shɛli.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=27 March 2002 |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710094109/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |archive-date=10 July 2011 |access-date=26 July 2010 |work=[[BBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lala bɛ kohima ŋɔ daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n che shɛli yuuni 1972 la puuni ka bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni ''museum's African art'' la baŋda daa yina n ti yɛli ni o nyɛla ŋun m bohi o suhu ni tun'shɛŋa o ni daa n tum maa.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot; /&gt; 

Yuuni 1953 la puuni, Sotheby daa n kohila Benin Bronze zuɣu £5,500, din daa nyɛ bɛ ni daa n kohiri shɛli £780 la.&lt;ref name=&quot;Phillips&quot;&gt;{{cite news|first=Barnaby|last=Phillips|title=The art dealer, the £10m Benin Bronze and the Holocaust|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|date=14 March 2021|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56292809|access-date=15 March 2021|archive-date=14 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314222855/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56292809|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yuuni 1968 la puuni, Christie daa n kohila Benin Bronze zuɣu shɛli pirinkpema ŋun daa m be o yili balinga yil'shɛli din daa n-nyɛ baŋkom puuni la £21,000 .&lt;ref name=&quot;Phillips&quot; /&gt;  Yuuni 1984 puuni, Sotheby daa n kohila ''plaque'' shɛli din daa zaya n-ti baaŋa; din dariza daa n yiɣisi bin din gbaai £25,000 mini £35,000 sunsuuni n-ti ŋun daa n dali m paai lala liɣiri maa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Darshana&quot; /&gt;  Yuuni 2015 la ni, bɛ daa n kohila Benin Bronze zuɣu n-ti ŋun daa n za o gama zuɣu n laɣindi li £10 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Phillips&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Elwes |first1=Christian |title=Hidden Treasure |url=https://www.entwistlegallery.com/news/2017/january/hidden-treasure |website=Entwistlegallery.com |publisher=Entwistle Gallery |date=9 January 2017 |access-date=15 March 2021 |archive-date=29 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329231151/https://www.entwistlegallery.com/news/2017/january/hidden-treasure |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Yuuni 2018 puuni, bɛ ni m boli shɛba ni Benin Dialogue Group nima mini British nima gɔmdanti daa m palila taba alikauli ni bɛ ni labisi lala Benin Bronzes nima maa din daa yɛn n che ka bɛ gba kpa bɛ maŋmaŋa exhibition Benin Royal Museum pali shɛli din m be Edo State puuni la.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kieron Monks|title=British Museum to return Benin Bronzes to Nigeria|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/26/africa/africa-uk-benin-bronze-return-intl/index.html|access-date=2021-07-13|website=[[CNN]]|date=26 November 2018|archive-date=5 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805094930/https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/26/africa/africa-uk-benin-bronze-return-intl/index.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ lala laɣingu ŋɔ daa nyɛla din n malila tinduya puuni museums nima , the Royal Court of Benin, the Edo State government, n ti pahi Nigerian National Commission for Museums and Monuments (NCMM) nima di puuni. Yuuni 2015 la puuni, Mark Walker daa nyɛla ŋun n labisi Benin Bronzes shɛŋa o yabidoo ni daa n kpuɣi siege on Benin Kingdom saha la puuni; Prince Edun Akenzua n daa n deegi o n niŋ o yiŋa [[Benin City]] puuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2015-02-26|title=The man who returned his grandfather's looted art|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-31605284|access-date=2021-07-13|archive-date=17 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717044259/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-31605284|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=2018-11-20|title=Easter Island governor begs British Museum to return Moai: 'You have our soul'|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/20/easter-island-british-museum-return-moai-statue|access-date=2021-07-13|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-date=15 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715041436/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/20/easter-island-british-museum-return-moai-statue|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; University of Aberdeen nima gba daa m pali ba alikauli ni bɛ ni labisi bronze zuɣu shɛli din daa n-nyɛ Oba dini la ka daa lahi n-nyɛ bɛ ni daa n da shɛli auction din daa n-niŋ yuuni 1957 puuni la na silimin gɔli March yuuni 2021 puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Aber&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=University of Aberdeen to repatriate 'looted' Nigerian bronze sculpture |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-56513346 |access-date=25 March 2021 |work=BBC News |date=25 March 2021 |archive-date=25 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325063200/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-56513346 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=University to return Benin bronze |url=https://www.abdn.ac.uk/news/14790/ |website=www.abdn.ac.uk |publisher=Aberdeen University |date=25 March 2021 |access-date=25 March 2021 |archive-date=25 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325160401/https://www.abdn.ac.uk/news/14790/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Labisibu ka n naai la ''handover ceremony'' shɛli bɛ ni daa n-niŋ silimin gɔli October biɛɣu pishi ni anii dali, yuuni 2021 puuni la.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ceremony to complete the return of Benin Bronze |url=https://www.abdn.ac.uk/news/15479/ |website=www.abdn.ac.uk |publisher=Aberdeen University |date=27 October 2021 |access-date=28 May 2023 |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028135744/https://www.abdn.ac.uk/news/15479/ }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
[[File:Unterzeichnung Vereinbarung zur Eigentumsübertragung Benin-Bronzen der Stadt Köln an Nigeria-4679.jpg|thumb|The signing of a 2022 agreement in Cologne, Germany, to transfer the Benin Bronzes of the city to Nigeria]]
Silimin gɔli April yuuni 2021 puuni, German nima gɔmdanti faa yimina n ti yɛli ni bɛ ni yo &quot;looted&quot; Benin Bronzes sama shɛŋa din daa m be ''Germany public collections'' puuni yuuni 2022 la. Hartmut Dorgerloh, ŋun daa n-nyɛ director n-ti Humboldt Forum shɛli din daa n laɣim Ethnological Museum of Berlin ka di lɛbi binyini la daa n yɛliya pɔhim zuɣu laɣingu shɛli puuni ni bɛ ni daa pun n gbaai gbaali shɛli ni bɛ zaŋ bronzes n wuhi ''museum complex'' pali shɛli din daa m be Berlin puuni la daa nyɛla &quot;bɛ ni ku tooi lahi n tɛhi n gbaai shɛli&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Hickley |first1=Catherine |title=Germany moves towards full restitution of Benin bronzes |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/germany-moves-towards-full-restitution-of-benin-bronzes |access-date=23 March 2021 |work=The Art Newspaper |date=22 March 2021 |archive-date=23 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323005505/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/germany-moves-towards-full-restitution-of-benin-bronzes |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Effort to Return Benin Bronzes to Africa Remains Ongoing Challenge|first=Marthe|last=van der Wolf|date=6 April 2021|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/europe_effort-return-benin-bronzes-africa-remains-ongoing-challenge/6204218.html|access-date=13 July 2021|website=Voice of America|language=en|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713102759/https://www.voanews.com/europe/effort-return-benin-bronzes-africa-remains-ongoing-challenge|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;   Yaha, silimin gɔli April yuuni 2021 puuni, the Church of England nima gba daa lo alikauli ni bɛ ni labisi Benin bronzes dibaa ayi shɛli bɛ ni daa n zaŋ n-ti lala saha maa Archbishop of Canterbury Robert Runcie pini yuuni 1982 la puuni na.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Dex|first=Robert|date=2021-04-12|title=Church of England to return Benin Bronzes as repatriation rows rumble on|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/exhibitions/church-england-return-benin-bronzes-repatriation-rows-b928330.html|access-date=2021-07-13|website=www.standard.co.uk|language=en|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713102452/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/exhibitions/church-england-return-benin-bronzes-repatriation-rows-b928330.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lala bronzes nima ŋɔ daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa yɛn zaŋ shɛli n tuɣi ''Benin Royal Museum collection'' shɛŋa din daa na yɛn n kana nyavuya ni.{{update inline|date=October 2021}}  lala gɔli maa puuni, the Horniman Museum din m be South London la daa n yɛliya ni di daa nyɛla binshɛli din n tuhi ni bɛ labisi ka n yo bin pihinahi ni awei kpaŋmaŋa tuun'shɛŋa bɛ ni daa n kpuɣi Benin City puuni la, di bahi m bahindi Benin Bronzes nima pia ni anu la nima maa zaa sama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=London's Horniman Museum—home to 15 Benin bronzes—announces new 'transparent procedures' for looted object requests|url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/horniman-museum-policy-on-restitution|access-date=2021-07-13|website=www.theartnewspaper.com|first=Gareth|last=Holmes|date=7 April 2021|language=en|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713090651/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/horniman-museum-policy-on-restitution|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Bɛ ni daa n zaŋ shɛli n yo British Museum ni bi ni daa n zaɣisi ni bɛ labisi lala looted Benin bronzes la na n daa n-nyɛ the Iyase (''traditional prime minister'') of Benin Kingdom ni daa n pɔbigi bronze plaque zaɣ'karili shɛli din daa n-nyɛ silimin gɔli July  biɛɣu pihita dali, yuuni 2021 puuni dini la. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=BENIN|first=NTA BROADCAST|date=2021-08-09|title=UNVEILING OF LARGEST BRONZE PLAQUE IN BENIN|work=Nigerian Television Authority (NTA)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7Ed6tPT0Xo |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/_7Ed6tPT0Xo |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Omotayo|first=Joseph|date=2021-08-05|title=Young Nigerian man makes largest plaque in Benin kingdom, showcases it in video|url=https://www.legit.ng/1427613-young-nigerian-largest-plaque-benin-kingdom-showcases-video.html|access-date=2021-10-05|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005175748/https://www.legit.ng/1427613-young-nigerian-largest-plaque-benin-kingdom-showcases-video.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Owolabi|first1=Tife|last2=Shirbon|first2=Estelle|date=2021-09-22|title=Nigerians offer artworks to British Museum in new take on looted bronzes|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerians-offer-artworks-british-museum-new-take-looted-bronzes-2021-09-22/|access-date=2021-10-05|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005175746/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerians-offer-artworks-british-museum-new-take-looted-bronzes-2021-09-22/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lala ''plaque'' ŋɔ daa nyɛla din m mali 2 tons of brass laasabu ka daa nyɛ Iyase Lukas Osarobo Zeickner-Okoro yaansi la ni puuni yino ni daa m maali shɛli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Time Scape {{!}} Nigeria: Medical Student Turned Artist Immortalizes Great King Ewuare, Oba of Benin, Unveils Largest-Ever Benin Kingdom Bronze Plaque|url=https://www.timescapemag.com/posts/nigeria-medical-student-turned-artist-immortalizes-great-king-ewuare-oba-of-benin-unveils-largest-ever-benin-kingdom-bronze-plaque|access-date=2021-10-05|website=www.timescapemag.com|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005175748/https://www.timescapemag.com/posts/nigeria-medical-student-turned-artist-immortalizes-great-king-ewuare-oba-of-benin-unveils-largest-ever-benin-kingdom-bronze-plaque|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ daa m bolila ''The Return of Oba Ewuare'' ni di wuhi Benin nima yɛda ni reincarnation mini Oba Ewuare II saha puuni Benin Bronze Age labi pili. Di daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n zaŋ shɛli n-ti British Museum ka daa taɣi n deei bronzes shɛŋa din daa m be nimaani.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-09-23|title=Nigerian Artists Offer British Museum Swap|url=https://www.museumnext.com/article/nigerian-artists-offer-british-museum-swap/|access-date=2021-11-11|website=MuseumNext|language=en|archive-date=8 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108075242/https://www.museumnext.com/article/nigerian-artists-offer-british-museum-swap/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-09-22|title=Nigerian Contemporary Art is Being Offered in Exchange for the U.K. Benin Bronzes|url=https://observer.com/2021/09/nigerian-contemporary-art-is-being-offered-in-exchange-for-the-u-k-benin-bronzes/|access-date=2021-10-05|website=Observer|language=en-US|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005175747/https://observer.com/2021/09/nigerian-contemporary-art-is-being-offered-in-exchange-for-the-u-k-benin-bronzes/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Silimin gɔli October yuuni 2021 puuni, Jesus College nima daa yina n ti yɛli ni bɛ ni labisi ''sculpture of a cockerel'' shɛli sokam ni daa m mi [[Okukor]] la n-ti Nigeria nima di ni daa n-niŋ ka bɛ shukurubihi daa n wuhi di taarihi daa anfaani ni di ni nyɛ ''looted artefact'' maa n naai. Lala statue ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa n yihi shɛli n soɣi yuuni 2016 la puuni ka niriba daa bi lahi n nyari li bɛ ni daa ti n gbaai ni bɛ labisi li; lala kolaji ŋɔ ''Legacy of Slavery Working Party'' nima vihigu daa n wuhiya ni lala ''statue'' ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa n deei shɛli court of Benin maŋmaŋa nima sani pɔi ka kolaji ŋɔ shukuru bi'so ba daa naai n yi zaŋli n lɛbi pini n-ti ba yuuni 1905 puuni .&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian cockrel&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Khomami |first=Naomi |date=15 October 2021 |title=Cambridge college to be first in UK to return looted Benin bronze |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2021/oct/15/cambridge-college-to-be-first-uk-return-looted-benin-bronze |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20211015102501/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2021/oct/15/cambridge-college-to-be-first-uk-return-looted-benin-bronze |archive-date=15 October 2021 |access-date=15 October 2021 |website=theguardian.com |quote=&quot;We are indeed very pleased and commend Jesus College for taking this lead in making restitution for the plunder that occurred in Benin in 1897,&quot; said the oba of Benin, Omo N'Oba N’Edo Uku Akpolokpolo, Ewuare II. &quot;We truly hope that others will expedite the return of our artworks which in many cases are of religious importance to us. We wish to thank [Nigeria's] President Buhari and our National Commission for Museums and Monuments for their renewed efforts in securing the release of our artefacts on our behalf.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Silimin gɔli February yuuni 2022 puuni, University of Aberdeen nima ni daa n labisi Okukor mini lala bronze maa, Oba of Benin, Ewuare II daa n deei li la royal palace shɛli din m be Benin City puuni .&lt;ref name=&quot;Welle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Colonial-era looted art returned to Nigeria and Benin {{!}} DW {{!}} 20.02.2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/colonial-era-looted-art-returned-to-nigeria-and-benin/a-60845936 |access-date=2022-02-21 |website=Deutsche Welle |language=en-GB |archive-date=21 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221123955/https://www.dw.com/en/colonial-era-looted-art-returned-to-nigeria-and-benin/a-60845936 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Silimin gɔli December yuuni 2022 puuni, [[University of Cambridge]] nima daa n yihila Benin artefacts din kalinli daa n yaɣi kɔbiga ka daa m be bɛ [[Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology]] la puuni n tahi NCMM. Ninvuɣ'so ŋun yɛri n-tiri museum maa daa yɛliya ni di shɛŋa daa yɛn n kpalimla Cambridge &quot;''on extended loan''&quot; din yɛn wuhi ni &quot;west Africa nima ninvuɣ'shɛba ban nina nehi ŋɔ na m be lala museum ŋɔ ''displays'' nima puuni mini shikuru bihi wuhibu shee&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-12-14 |title=Cambridge University to return over 100 looted Benin bronzes to Nigeria |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/dec/14/cambridge-university-to-return-over-100-looted-benin-bronzes-to-nigeria |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=The Guardian |language=en |archive-date=18 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218162152/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/dec/14/cambridge-university-to-return-over-100-looted-benin-bronzes-to-nigeria |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Hali ni silimin gɔli February yuuni 2025 puuni, bɛ na kuli m bela soli ni bɛ zaŋ lala statues nima ŋɔ n tahi Nigeria.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |first1=Craig |last1=Simpson |first2=Ben |last2=Farmer |title=Cambridge under pressure to return Benin Bronzes as Nigeria promises museum display |date=26 February 2025 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2025/02/26/cambridge-under-pressure-to-hand-back-benin-bronzes-nigeria/ |website=The Telegraph |access-date=17 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Silimin gɔli November yuuni 2021 puuni, bɛ ni m boli shɛba ni [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] la nima daa n yihila ''two sixteenth-century Bronze plaques'', ''Warrior'' ''Chief'' ''and Junior Court Official'', n tahi n ti n-ti NCMM nima.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-11-22 |title=The Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Nigerian National Commission for Museums and Monuments Gather to Mark the Transfer of Three Works of Art to the Nigerian National Collections |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/press/news/2021/the-met-and-ncmm-mou |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=www.metmuseum.org |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227133021/https://www.metmuseum.org/press/news/2021/the-met-and-ncmm-mou |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bɛ lala niŋsim ŋɔ nyɛla din n yi di ko ka che bɛ mini ba ni gbaai ni bʋ labisi shɛŋa la domin ''160 Benin Bronzes collection'' sama n na n doli ba.{{citation needed|date=March 2025}} 

Silimin gɔli January yuuni 2022 puuni, bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni [[Great North Museum: Hancock]] ŋun daa m be [[Newcastle]], England la daa lo alikauli ni o ni labisi ''Benin Bronze stave'' n tahi n ti n-ti Nigeria nima.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-01-12|title=Newcastle's Hancock museum to repatriate Benin Bronze stave|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-59964386|access-date=13 January 2022|archive-date=13 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113082424/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-59964386|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Silimin gɔli March yuuni 2022 puuni, [[Smithsonian Institution]] nima daa yina n ti yɛli ni bɛ nyɛla ban yɛn n labisi bronzes bin pihita ni awei shɛli bɛ ni daa m mali niiya ni bɛ zaŋ n wuhi salo National Museum of Benin City puuni la.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=McGlone |first=Peggy |date=8 March 2022 |title=Smithsonian to give back its collection of Benin bronzes |newspaper=[[Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2022/03/08/smithsonian-benin-bronzes-nigeria-return/ |access-date=9 March 2022 |archive-date=8 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308232359/https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2022/03/08/smithsonian-benin-bronzes-nigeria-return/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Frum |first=David |date=2022-09-14 |title=Who Benefits When Western Museums Return Looted Art? |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2022/10/benin-bronzes-nigeria-return-stolen-art/671245/ |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=The Atlantic |language=en |archive-date=21 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021173357/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2022/10/benin-bronzes-nigeria-return-stolen-art/671245/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Lala Smithsonian Institution's [[National Museum of African Art]] nima daa nyɛla ban n dihi nuu din wuhiri ni bɛ nyɛla ban n yihi Benin bronzes bin pishi ni awei bɛ sulinsi puuni n-ti NCMM nima silimin gɔli October biɛɣu pia ni yini dali, yuuni 2022 puuni, Nigerian kpamba mini cultural officials nima nin'baŋsi puuni; yaha, lala saha maa puuni bɛ ni m boli shɛba ni the [[National Gallery of Art]] nima la daa nyɛla ban gba daa n labisi Benin bronze yinga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 October 2022 |title=Smithsonian Returns 29 Benin Bronzes to the National Commission for Museums and Monuments in Nigeria |url=https://www.si.edu/newsdesk/releases/smithsonian-returns-29-benin-bronzes-national-commission-museums-and-monuments |website=Smithsonian |access-date=30 April 2023 |archive-date=30 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430160547/https://www.si.edu/newsdesk/releases/smithsonian-returns-29-benin-bronzes-national-commission-museums-and-monuments |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=U. S. Mission |date=2022-10-17 |title=30 Benin bronzes returned to Nigeria |url=https://ng.usembassy.gov/30-benin-bronzes-returned-to-nigeria/ |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=U.S. Embassy and Consulate in Nigeria |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Silimin gɔli July yuuni 2022 puuni, Germany daa yina n ti yɛli bɛ ni daa yɛn n yihi 1,100 artefacts shɛŋa din daa m be m be [[Linden Museum]] din m be Stuttgart puuni, Humboldt Forum din m be Berlin tingbani puuni, the [[Rautenstrauch-Joest Museum]] din m be Cologne, the [[Museum am Rothenbaum]] din m be Hamburg puuni, n ti pahi ''the State Ethnographic Collections of Saxony'' nima puuni. Ŋanima zaa labisibu nima na daa nyɛla lala German museums nima mini Nigeria gɔmdanti ni daa n gbaai shɛli ni &quot;representative collection of objects&quot; shɛŋa bɛ ni daa n zaŋ n zali mi di kpalim Germay long-term loan puuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/01/germany-hands-over-two-benin-bronzes-to-nigeria?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other | title=Germany hands over two Benin bronzes to Nigeria | website=[[TheGuardian.com]] | date=July 2022 | access-date=1 July 2022 | archive-date=1 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701130702/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/01/germany-hands-over-two-benin-bronzes-to-nigeria?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-to-return-looted-artifacts-to-africa/a-62300419 | title=Germany to return looted artifacts to Africa &amp;#124; DW &amp;#124; 29.06.2022 | website=[[Deutsche Welle]] | access-date=1 July 2022 | archive-date=1 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701130702/https://www.dw.com/en/germany-to-return-looted-artifacts-to-africa/a-62300419 | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Silimin gɔli November biɛɣu pishi mi anii dali, yuuni 2022 puuni, London [[Horniman Museum]] nima daa n ʒinila ʒinahigu ni bɛ n labisi Benin Bronzes  shɛŋa bɛ mi m mali ka di nyɛ Nigeria nima dini n-ti ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/story/moral-and-appropriate-museum-begins-return-of-artefacts-looted-by-british-troops-12757670|title='Moral and appropriate': Museum begins return of artefacts looted by British troops|website=Sky News|date=29 November 2022|access-date=29 November 2022|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129060543/https://news.sky.com/story/moral-and-appropriate-museum-begins-return-of-artefacts-looted-by-british-troops-12757670|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/nov/28/london-museum-returns-looted-benin-city-artefacts-to-nigeria|title=London museum returns looted Benin City artefacts to Nigeria|website=The Guardian|last=Sherwood|first=Harriet|date=28 November 2022|access-date=29 November 2022|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129003538/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/nov/28/london-museum-returns-looted-benin-city-artefacts-to-nigeria|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/art/what-to-see/wellcome-collection-closes-medicine-man-exhibition-universal/|title=Is the 'world museum' doomed?|website=The Telegraph|last=Sooke|first=Alistair|date=29 November 2022|access-date=29 November 2022|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129072121/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/art/what-to-see/wellcome-collection-closes-medicine-man-exhibition-universal/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Kundivihira ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:AfroCuration 2025]]
[[Pubu:Lahabaya zaa]]</text>
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      <comment>n yihiya linki gaba</comment>
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'''''Benin Tahaʒɛri''''' nyɛla kuri paɣa mini bin kpɛri shɛŋa din n laɣim taba m bo nachinsi n dihi Benin Nayili, din pa n-nyɛ ''Edo State'', [[Nigeria]]. Lala ''metal plaques'' nima ŋɔ nyɛla ''Guild of Benin Bronze Casters'' nima, ban pa m be ''Igun Street'' puuni ŋɔ, din nyɛ bɛ ni lahi m booni shɛli ni ''Igun-Eronmwon Quarters'' la ni daa yi m malindi shɛli. Lala binyɛra ŋɔ n daa yi n laɣim taba n nam ''Benin art'' Shɛhira shɛŋa ŋan ne n doya kashi ka daa yi n-nyɛ yuuni ''fourteenth century'' la ''artists'' ban daa n-nyɛ Edo niriba la ni daa m maali shɛŋa .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Af1898-0115-23 |title=British Museum, &quot;Curator's comments&quot; |access-date=17 May 2021 |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028163529/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Af1898-0115-23 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.artic.edu/benin/artwork/190110 Benin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028163530/https://archive.artic.edu/benin/artwork/190110 |date=28 October 2021 }}, The Art Institute of Chicago.&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=36}}{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=37}}&lt;ref name=Meyerowitz /&gt;  Lala ''plaques'' ŋɔ, Edo balli nima ni m booni shɛli ni ''Ama'' la,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Digital Benin |url=https://digitalbenin.org/eyo-oto/1 |access-date=2023-11-26 |website=digitalbenin.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;  yi nyɛla din n wuhiri luɣ'shɛŋa bee n ʒeya n-tiri yɛlkpana lala Nayili maa taarihi puuni  .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hicks |first=Dan |title=The Brutish Museums: The Benin Bronzes, Colonial Violence and Cultural Restitution |publisher=Pluto Press |year=2020 |location=London |pages=138–139}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lala ''plaques'' nima ŋɔ nyaaŋa, ''sculptures'' shɛŋa ŋan m be ''brass'' bee ''bronze'' puuni nima n-nyɛ ''portrait heads'', ''jewellery'' (tib'kpariti, baŋsi, nintuhi, ni ŋan n pahi pahi), n ti pahi ''smaller pieces.''
[[File:Benin, portoghese, XVI-XVII sec.JPG|thumb|A 16th-century Benin Bronze depicting a Portuguese soldier, with [[Manilla (money)|manilla]]s in the background ([[Leipzig Museum of Ethnography]])]]
''Sculptures'' shɛŋa ŋan n-tiri suhupiɛlli ŋɔ zooya ka di nyɛla yuuni fourteenth century la dina, amaa ka di zaɣ'bɔbigu mii zooi ka di nyɛ yuuni fifteenth mini sixteenth centuries la puuni dina. Vihigu wuhiya ni &quot;''Golden Ages''&quot; dibaa ayi din m be Benin kuriti tuun'baŋsim puuni nyɛla din daa n yina ''Esigie''  1550) mini  Eresoyen (1735–1750) nima nam saha puuni saha shɛli bɛ tuun'baŋsim ni daa n zani di naba ayi zuɣu la.{{sfn|Greenfield|2007|p=122}}

Lala ''plaque'' nima ŋɔ pam mini binyɛra shɛŋa daa nyɛla gbanpiɛlla la ni daa n va shɛŋa ''Benin Expedition of 1897'' saha la puuni n chaŋ pirimila bɛ mini  ban n daa m be ''Southern Nigeria'' nima dimba la ni daa n-nyɛ yim la zuɣu.&lt;ref name=&quot;British&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/benin-bronzes-british-museum-nigeria-stolen-imperialist-treasures-return-loan-elgin-marbles-looted-a8414661.html|title=British museums may loan Nigeria bronzes that were taken from Nigeria by the British|first=Adam|last=Lusher|date=24 June 2018|website=The Independent|access-date=14 December 2018|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030042646/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/benin-bronzes-british-museum-nigeria-stolen-imperialist-treasures-return-loan-elgin-marbles-looted-a8414661.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lala so'chandiba ŋɔ  daa nyɛla ban n tumdi n doli gbanpiɛlla ŋɔ zalisi ni bɛ bɔhi biɛri n-ti ban gbanpiɛlla ŋɔ ninvuɣ'shɛba mini bɛ Africa tuumba shɛba bɛ ni daa n-tim na silimin gɔli January yuuni 1897 puuni ka bɛ daa ti n koŋ bɛ nyavuya la zuɣu. Shikuru baŋdi'shɛba kamani  ''Dan Hicks'', daa nyɛla ŋɔ yɛli ni lala ''expedition'' nima maa zaa daa nyɛla din n pahi bɛ shɛ'shɛŋa bɛ ni daa n mali ka n nuɣisi n lɛbi fitiina bee nahingu ni bɛ zaŋ n liri Africa n ti zaŋ bɛ European sulinsi m biri ka n dehi daabiligu anfaani nima shɛŋa ŋa m be ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hicks |first=Dan |title=The Brutish Museums: the Benin Bronzes, colonial violence and cultural restitution |publisher=Pluto Press |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-7453 4176-7 |pages=3, 40–42, 67–69, 84}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bɛ daa n zaŋla lala expedition ŋɔ n va two hundred pieces n tahi ''British Museum'' din m be London puuni la ka zaŋ ŋan n kpalim maa mii zaa n tahi European museums ŋan n kpalim la gba nima mii puuni  {{sfn|Greenfield|2007|p=124}}  Di nyɛla din n zooi pam British Museum puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;British&quot; /&gt; ka naain n yi che din gba m-be m-be Germany mini United States shɛŋa ŋan m mali yuya la nima puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;USA23&quot;&gt;''Benin Diplomatic Handbook'', p. 23.&lt;/ref&gt;

Yuuni 19th-century la nyaaŋa shikuru baŋdiba  ''O. M. Dalton'' mini ''Charles Hercules Read'' nima ban daa deei n bahindila bɛ yiligu ni lala Benin knowledge of ''metallurgy'' ŋɔ daa nyɛla din n yi ''Portuguese'' daabihi shɛba ban mini Benin nima maa daa pun n-niŋ ningbuna ni taba ''early modern period'' la puuni ka lala yɛligu ŋɔ daa nyɛ din bi n tam kanli zuɣu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meyerowitz&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Meyerowitz |first=Eva L. R. |year=1943 |title=Ancient Bronzes in the Royal Palace at Benin |publisher=The Burlington Magazine Publications, Ltd. |volume=83 |pages=248–253 |jstor=868735 |newspaper=[[The Burlington Magazine]] |number=487}}&lt;/ref&gt; Benin nayili din daa pun nyɛla luɣ'shɛli Africa shɛba ban nina daa pun n nehi nima ni daa m be shɛli n yuui pɔi ka Portuguese daabihi daa naain n chaŋ nimaani,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-africa/west-africa/nigeria/a/benin-and-the-portuguese|title=Benin and the Portuguese|website=Khan Academy|access-date=26 November 2018|archive-date=3 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703051030/https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-africa/west-africa/nigeria/a/benin-and-the-portuguese|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BBCBen&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=The kingdom of Benin |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zpvckqt/articles/z3n7mp3 |access-date=8 July 2021 |archive-date=29 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629031139/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zpvckqt/articles/z3n7mp3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Hali gba bronze nima daa pun nyɛla binshɛli bɛ ni daa pun n malindi shɛli Benin pɔi ka Portuguese nima maa daa naain n yi chaŋ nimaani.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Mihăilescu|first1=Plutarh-Antoniu|title=Întâlnire cu arta africană|date=1968|publisher=Editura Meridiane|page=48|language=ro}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni Benin bronze sculpture tradition la nyɛla bɛ ni yɛli ni shɛli daa n yila ''Kingdom of Ife'' din m be southwest Nigeria nayili kurili shɛli din daa m baɣi ba la puuni na.{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=36}}{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=37}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Meyerowitz&quot; /&gt; 

Ŋanima zaɣibɔbigu n laɣim taba ka bɛ boli li Benin Bronzes,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Gregg |first1=Emma |title=The story of Nigeria's stolen Benin Bronzes, and the London museum returning them |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/nigeria-stolen-benin-bronzes-london-museum |work=[[National Geographic]] |date=2022-09-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; kamani West Africa nima &quot;''bronzes''&quot; pam, di zaɣibilima nyɛla bɛ ni n maali shɛli ''brass'' ŋa nyɛ ''variable composition'' la puuni.{{efn|The [[British Museum]] notes that the term &quot;[[copper alloy]]&quot; is more appropriate in [[museology]] as it avoids the distinction between brass and bronze.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/term_details.aspx?scopeType=Terms&amp;scopeId=18864 British Museum, &quot;Scope Note&quot; for &quot;copper alloy&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818004043/http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/term_details.aspx?scopeType=Terms&amp;scopeId=18864 |date=18 August 2014 }}. Britishmuseum.org. Retrieved 26 May 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;}}  Di shɛŋa gba beni ka bɛ zaŋla ''bronze'' mini ''brass'', ''wood'', ''ceramic'', n ti pahi ''ivory'' ni nɛ'shɛŋa ŋa m pahi pahi n gabi taba n maali ŋanima.{{sfn|Dohlvik|2006|p=21}} Di kuriti yaɣa maa daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n zaŋ  lost-wax casting n maali shɛŋa ka ŋanima nyɛ din m pahi Africa ''sculptures'' shɛŋa bɛ ni zaŋ lala soli (''technique'') ŋɔ n mali ka di mali nintiɣili.{{sfn|Nevadomsky|2004|pp=1, 4, 86–8, 95–6}} Yuuni 15th century la bahigu puuni ka Benin nima daa n pilil ivory, naanzuwa n ti pahi daba kuhibu daabiligu ni&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Santos |first1=Talita Teixeira dos |title=Com a cruz e sem a espada: aspectos da relação comercial entre Portugal e o reino do Benim ao longo dos séculos XV e XVI. |journal=Associação Nacional de História  |date=July 2010 |volume=XIV |url=http://www.encontro2010.rj.anpuh.org/resources/anais/8/1276639759_ARQUIVO_Trabalho_benim.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Portuguese nima ka daa lahi n zaŋ ''manillas'' (brass ingots kamani baŋsi laasabu la ka nyɛ bɛ daa n da shɛli Portuguese nima maa sani)  n pahi ka di nyɛ luɣ'shɛli polo bɛ ni n yihiri bee n nyari kuriti n malindi bɛ ''sculpture''. Lala manillas' brass shɛli bɛ ni daa n yɛli ni shɛli daa tuui n yina The Netherlands la pa nyɛla bɛ ni lahi n yɛli ni shɛli pa nyɛla din n yi ''Rhineland'' region of Germany nima sani na.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=German brass for Benin Bronzes: Geochemical analysis insights into the early Atlantic trade | date=2023 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0283415 |language=en | doi-access=free | last1=Skowronek | first1=Tobias B. | last2=Decorse | first2=Christopher R. | last3=Denk | first3=Rolf | last4=Birr | first4=Stefan D. | last5=Kingsley | first5=Sean | last6=Cook | first6=Gregory D. | last7=Benito Dominguez | first7=Ana María | last8=Clifford | first8=Brandon | last9=Barker | first9=Andrew | last10=Otero | first10=José Suárez | last11=Moreira | first11=Vicente Caramés | last12=Bode | first12=Michael | last13=Jansen | first13=Moritz | last14=Scholes | first14=Daniel | journal=PLOS ONE | volume=18 | issue=4 | pages=e0283415 | pmid=37018227 | pmc=10075414 | bibcode=2023PLoSO..1883415S }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Alberge |first1=Dalya |title=Benin bronzes made from metal mined in west Germany, study finds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/05/benin-bronzes-made-from-brass-mined-in-west-germany-study-finds |website=The Guardian |access-date=8 April 2023 |date=5 April 2023 |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408050236/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/05/benin-bronzes-made-from-brass-mined-in-west-germany-study-finds |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Famous Benin Bronzes from West Africa used metal sourced in Germany |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2368057-famous-benin-bronzes-from-west-africa-used-metal-sourced-in-germany/ |website=New Scientist |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407104457/https://www.newscientist.com/article/2368057-famous-benin-bronzes-from-west-africa-used-metal-sourced-in-germany/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;   
== Taarihi ==
Di nambu mini di tuma biɛhigu puuni 

Lala dramatic sculptures ŋɔ shɛŋa pam nyɛla din daa n yina yuuni thirteenth century la puuni ka di zaɣ'bɔbigu pam mi daa n yina yuuni fifteenth mini sixteenth centuries la puuni. Vihigu wuhiya ni &quot;''Golden Ages''&quot; ŋɔ dibaa ayi din m be Benin kuriti tuun'baŋsim puuni la nyɛla din daa n yina Esigie (fl. 1550) mini Eresoyen (1735–1750) nima saha puuni, dini daa n-niŋ ka bɛ baŋsim zaŋ kpa bɛ tuma polo la daa n zani di naba ayi zuɣu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Igbafe |first1=Phillip |title=Slavery and Emancipation in Benin, 1897-1945 |journal=The Journal of African History |date=1975 |volume=16 |issue=3 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=409–429 |doi=10.1017/S002185370001433X |jstor=180474 |s2cid=161431780 |edition=3 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/180474 |access-date=24 October 2022 |archive-date=1 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301190351/https://www.jstor.org/stable/180474 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
{{Quote box|width=246px|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|align=right|quote=&quot;The king's palace or court is a square, and is as large as the town of [[Haarlem]] and entirely surrounded by a special wall, like that which encircles the town. It is divided into many magnificent palaces, houses, and apartments of the courtiers, and comprises beautiful and long square galleries...resting on wooden pillars, from top to bottom covered with cast copper, on which are engraved the pictures of their war exploits and battles, and are kept very clean.&quot;|source=[[Olfert Dapper]], a Dutch writer, describing Benin in his book ''[[Description of Africa (Olfert Dapper)|Description of Africa]]'' (1668){{sfn|Willett|1985|p=102}}}}
Lala [[Benin]] nayili ŋɔ nyɛla din n deegi din pa n-nyɛ Nigeria ŋɔ ''southern'' yaɣa la bin din daa n gbaai yuuni fourteenth la mini nineteenth centuries la nima puuni, daa nyɛla din n mali ''sculptures'' pam ka ŋa nɛn'shɛŋa kam bɛ ni zaŋ n maali kamani ''iron'', ''bronze'', ''wood'', ''ivory'' n ti pahi ''terra cotta'' nima nyɛ din n gahim n yi di ko. ''Oba'' nayili shɛli din m be Benin City puuni ka nyɛ luɣ'shɛli polo bɛ ni n malindi ''royal'' ancestral altars la n daa lahi n-nyɛ luɣ'shɛli polo bɛ ni  daa yi n niŋdi ''court ceremonial life'' shɛli ''Oba of Benin'', o tɔb'bihi, nanima mini ban mali zaashehi, tindaanba, ninvuɣ'shɛba ban m be nayili maa laɣinsi puuni, tinduya puuni daabihi mini mercenaries, n ti pahi n tumdi n tiri niriba ka bɛ yori ba ni ban n chani nayili maa nima ni mali nuu timbu shɛli puuni. Lala nayili ŋɔ daa nyɛla din laɣim yiya gbaliŋ n gili di sheeni ka daa lahi n-nyɛ luɣ'shɛli polo bɛ ni daa yi mali ''rectangular brass plaques'' din anfooni me n ŋmahim ninvuɣ'shɛba mini yɛl'shɛŋa din che ka court maa ŋmani binvuhirili la bin kɔbiga kɔbiga.&lt;ref name=Ezra&gt;{{cite book|last=Ezra|first=Kate|title=Royal art of Benin: the Perls collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|year=1992|publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art|location=New York|isbn=978-0-8109-6414-3|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/royalartofbeninp0000ezra}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

''Bronze'' mini ''ivory'' binyɛra tumtumsa galiya pam Benin nayili yɛl'maana mini di kootu biɛhigu puuni. Di tuma daa na nyɛla bɛ ni daa na n mali li n dihiri nayili maa nachinsi ka di daa nyɛ din n mali bronze tuma pam ŋa puuni.{{sfn|Pijoan|1966|p=12}} Bɛ daa yi n kpahila kuusanima n sa n sa nayili ŋɔ pilanima zuɣu ka zaŋ ŋanima n yili yili li.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ezra&quot; /&gt;  Bɛ kootu maa kali soli zuɣu yɛlkpani daa nyɛmi ni bɛ paɣi ka simsi lala bɛ Oba duuma ŋɔ , bɛ naa ŋun gahim ka yi o ko, n ti pahi o nam timsim taarihi bee ni bɛ paɣi ka n simsi ''Iyoba of Benin'' (''the queen mother'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Kings&quot; /&gt;  ''Art'', di yi ti kana Benin nayili polo, di nyɛla din mali balibu pam amaa ka ŋanima zaa puuni ''bronze'' mini ''brass reliefs'' n ti tabili Na'zuɣiri nima mini ''queen mothers'' nima dina n-nyɛ niriba pam ni n mi shɛŋa yɛla. Bɛ ni zaŋ ''bronze'' n maali ŋman'shɛŋa, buɣliŋbuɣliŋ nima, ''ornaments'', ''jewellery'' (tikpariti, cheeni nima, nintuhi, baŋsi, ni ŋa n pahi), n ti pahi binyɛr'shɛŋa bɛ ni mali m maani yɛli maana zaa malila dimaŋa bee nachinsi nɛma nahingbana mini binmaŋa ŋanima puuni n wuhiri bɛ n maali ŋanima kpaŋmaŋa di bahi m bahindi ''figurative'' tum'shɛŋa din m be ''bronze'' mini ''ivory carvings'' ni gari ŋanima zuɣu maa zaa yoli.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kings&quot; /&gt;

Africa tingbani puuni, tuma din n yi Benin na wuhiya ni bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni ''the technique of lost-wax casting'' la daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa pun n daŋ n maali shɛli. Di yi daa ti n-niŋ ka tiŋ'naa kani, na'so ŋun daa yɛn n ʒini gbana maa zuɣu n daa yɛn n puhi ka bɛ maali ''bronze'' zuɣu n-ti lala naa maa. Lala ''sculptures'' nima kalinli ŋan n yiɣisi kɔbiga ni pisopɔin na nyɛla din m beni ka naain n yi che din gba na beni ka nyɛ yuuni twelfth century la puuni dina.{{sfn|Gowing|1984|p=578}}  Lala Oba ŋɔ, bee tiŋ'naa, nuu n yi m pa nɛn'shɛŋa din nyabu yi n to n-ti ba kamani salima nima, elephant tusks, n ti pahi bronze nima la zuɣu. Lala tiŋ'nanima ŋɔ kpaŋmaŋa puuni ka bɛ tooi n malindi ''splendid Benin bronzes''; dinbɔŋɔ wuhiya ni lala ''royal courts'' nima ŋɔ kpaŋmaŋa tohibunima puuni ka sub-Saharan ''art'' yina n ti niŋ katari.{{sfn|Leuzinger|1976|p=24}} Yuuni 1939 la puuni, zuɣ'shɛŋa din nyɛ yim kamani Benin tiŋ'nayili ŋɔ dini la daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n nya shɛli [[Ife]], din nyɛ [[Yoruba]] nima tiŋ'shɛli din gahim n niŋ kashi la puuni. Lala niŋsim ŋɔ daa n niŋla yuuni fourteenth mini yuuni fifteenth centuries la nima puuni. Di daa nyɛla din n-niŋ n dalim bɛ kaya yɛlkurili shɛli bɛ ni daa n gbubi ni Ife ''artist'' nima n wuhi Benin nima bronze kuriti maalibu soya.{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=36}}  ''Recognition of the antiquity of the technology'' ban m be Benin nima ni daa ti m baŋ lala ''technology'' ŋɔ taarihi yɛla, bɛ daa n-tila tooni m malind lala ''sculptures'' nima n jɛndiri di saha nima.{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=37}}

=== ''European interest and the Benin Expedition of 1897'' ===
[[File:Ancient Benin city.JPG|thumb|An idealised depiction of Benin City by a Dutch artist in the 1686 French edition of [[Olfert Dapper]]'s ''[[Description of Africa (1668 book)|Description of Africa]]'' (1668).{{sfn|Willett|1985|pp=100-1}}]]
Africa nima ''art'' Shɛhira bela daa nyɛla Europeans nima ni daa pun n laɣim shɛli pɔi ni yuuni nineteenth century la puuni, di bahi m bahindi European nima ni daa pun n yihi bukunima na ka di daa n mali Benin City mini of the oba's palace bin din gbaai yuuni 1600s la ha mali chana anfooni nima di puuni maa zaa yoli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last1=Anagnost |first1=Adrian |title=Edo Spaces, European Images: Iterations of Art and Architecture in Benin |date=2022-12-19 |url=https://www.artic.edu/digital-publications/36/perspectives-on-instability/14/edo-spaces-european-images |work=Perspectives on In/Stability |editor-last=Collier |editor-first=Delinda |publisher=The Art Institute of Chicago |doi=10.53269/26939851/01/02 |isbn=978-0-86559-314-5 |access-date=2022-12-26 |last2=Gueorguiev |first2=Manol |editor2-last=Farrell |editor2-first=Robyn |doi-access=free |archive-date=26 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226223419/https://www.artic.edu/digital-publications/36/perspectives-on-instability/14/edo-spaces-european-images |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Yuuni nineteenth century la piligu puuni saha shɛli ''colonization'' mini ''missionary'' tuma ni daa n pilila ko puuni ka bɛ daa pili n kpuɣiri Africa nima kpaŋmaŋa tuma pam n mali n tahiri Europe, ka daa mali ŋanima m booni ni ''simple curiosities of'' &quot;''pagan''&quot; ''cults''. Lala bɛ biɛhigu ŋɔ daa nyɛla din n taɣi lala Benin Expedition of 1897 maa ni daa n-niŋ n naagi. 

Yuuni 1897 la puuni, bɛ ni m boli so ni vice consul general la, ''James Robert Phillips'', ka o daa n-nyɛ ''Niger Coast Protectorate'', n ti n tabili gbanpiɛla ninvuɣ'timsa bɛ baa ayobu, daabihi bɛ baa ayi, ban n lɛbigiri yɛltɔɣa,  n ti pahi ''215 porters'', daa nyɛla ban kpuɣi napɔŋ n doli ''small port of'' [[Sapele]], Nigeria, n chaŋ Benin&lt;ref name=&quot;Meyerowitz&quot; /&gt;  Niiya shɛli zuɣu bɛ ni daa n kpuɣi lala napɔŋ ŋɔ daa nyɛla zabili zuɣu. Lala niriba ŋɔ niiya daa nyɛmi ni bɛ mini Oba of Benin ŋɔ daa n gbaagi bee n di fiila, amaa taarihi shɛŋa gba wuhiya ni di daa n nyɛla ''reconnaissance mission'' shɛli bɛ ni daa n kpuɣi ka suhudoo laɣingu chandi la din daa kuli yɛn n che ka bɛ yihi bɛ tiŋ'naa ''king (Oba) of Benin'' gbana zuɣu.&lt;ref&gt;Philip Igbafe, ''Benin under British Administration: the Impact of Colonial Rule on an African Kingdom, 1897-1938'' (1979), pp. 56-61&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=The Annexation of Benin |first=T. U. |last=Obinyan |journal=Journal of Black Studies |volume=19 |issue=1 |date=September 1988 |pages=29–40 |publisher=Sage .|jstor=2784423 |doi=10.1177/002193478801900103|s2cid=142726955 }}&lt;/ref&gt;   Bɛ daa nyɛla ban n yɛli bɛ chandi maa daliri tɔ amaa bɛ daa yɛli ba mi ni shee bɛ na n guhi pɔi ni ka che zino bi kpɛri bɛ tiŋa maa ni saha shɛli bɛ ni na n maani bɛ yɛli maana;&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot;&gt;''Benin Diplomatic Handbook'', p. 21.&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Dohlvik|2006|pp=21-2}}  tɔ amaa, saanba ŋɔ daa bi n wum n-ti ba ka daa n tuɣi bɛ lala expedition maa.{{sfn|Greenfield|2007|p=123}}  Bɛ daa nyɛla Oba tobu bihi ni daa n liri shɛba lala tiŋa maa south ka Europeans nima niriba ayi ko n daa ti n tiligi lala ''ensuing massacre'' maa .&lt;ref name=&quot;Meyerowitz&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot; /&gt;  
[[File:Drawing of Benin City made by an English officer 1897.jpg|thumb|left|Illustration of [[Benin City]] in 1897, drawn by a British official]]
Yɛli ŋɔ lahabali daa nyɛla din n to London, dabaa anii nyaaŋa ka bɛ daa n niŋ yom n laɣim bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni naval ''punitive expedition'' la,&lt;ref name=Meyerowitz /&gt;&lt;ref name=USA /&gt;{{sfn|Greenfield|2007|p=123}} ka bɛ niiya daa nyɛ ni bɛ piɛli li m bahi ''Admiral Harry Rawson''. Lala gbanpiɛlla soojanima ŋɔ daa nyɛla ban n saɣim ka wurim binshɛlikam din daa m be Benin City puuni.&lt;ref name=Meyerowitz /&gt;&lt;ref name=USA /&gt; Lala bɛ lirigu ŋɔ nyaaŋa, ban daa n di nasara lala tobu maa puuni daa n zaŋla art zaŋ n dihi lala ''Royal Palace'' maa mini ban daa n mali zaashehi ni yuya biɛhigu puuni yiya, din daa n-nyɛ bɛ ni daa n zaŋ yun'gbaliŋ n laɣim shɛŋa la n lɛbi bɛ tuma n tumda. Lala ''official'' nima ŋɔ chandi shɛli bɛ ni daa n chaŋ ŋɔ daa nyɛla British nima maa kpema ni daa n sabi shɛli ka di daa n wuhi ni din daa n tahili ka bɛ daa n nya nasara lala bɛ lirigu maa puuni daa nyɛmi ni tinkpaŋnima maa daa n lirimi n saɣim suhudoo chandi ni lala ''expedition'' maa mii daa nyɛla din n-ti sokam soli ni o niŋdi o suhu ni bori shɛli ni di gu li ka che ''reign of terror'' .&lt;ref name=USA /&gt;&lt;ref name=Darshana /&gt; Yuuni 2020 buku daa n wuhiya ni; &quot;tum yuuni 1960s saha maa ha, taarihibaŋdiba pam nyɛla ban m baŋ lala expedition shɛli bɛ ni daa n-niŋ ni bɛ n yihi Oba ''Ovonramwen'' Nogbaisi (Overami), bɛ ni daa n ʒili so namkuɣu puuni yuuni 1888 la ni, ka di daa m pa biɛri ka o daa yɛn m bohi amaa ka daa lee nyɛmi ni o beni n lihiri ka tiri zalisi ka di yuugi la zuɣu maa gbunni.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ninvuɣ'shɛba gbubimi ni dina n che ka ŋun n sulinsi puuni lala bini ŋɔ gbunni bi ne ka di nyɛ di ti yɛn n dalim ''bronzes'' shɛŋa din ti yɛn n labina Benin la zaɣ'pala.&lt;ref&gt;Kiwara-Wilson, Salome. Restituting Colonial Plunder: The Case for the Benin Bronzes and Ivories. DePaul Journal of Art, Technology &amp; Intellectual Property Law. 2013&lt;/ref&gt; 

Lala tum'shɛŋa British nima ŋɔ ni daa n kpuɣi maa daa nyɛla ''treasure hoard of bronze and ivory sculptures'' di bahi m bahindi tiŋ'nanima zuɣuri, ''queen mother'' nima zuɣuri, ''leopard figurines'', buɣliŋbuɣliŋnima, n ti pahi anfooninima shɛŋa bɛ ni daa m maali ka ŋanima kalinli galisi pam zaa daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n zaŋ  ''lost-wax casting'' n wurim shɛŋa. Yuuni 1910 la puuni, German nima vihigu vihira, ''Leo Frobenius'' daa nyɛla ŋun n ʒi expedition n chaŋ Africa ka o niiya daa nyɛ ni o dehi Africanima ''art'' kpaŋmaŋa tuma nima n-ti niŋ o ya museum nima puuni.{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=20}}  Zuŋɔ di din kpalim m be  Nigeria galisim zaa bi yaɣi di bin pihinu tɔ amaa, di kalinli din n yiɣisi ''2,400 pieces'' nyɛla din m be Europeanima mini Americanima sulinsi puuni.{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=35}}

=== Museums nima ni pu m pu n doya boŋ boŋ shɛm ===
[[File:Benin Bronzes.jpg|thumb|Two Benin Bronzes in London's [[British Museum]]]]
[[File:Benin bronzes british museum 2023.JPG|thumb|A display of Benin Bronzes at the [[British Museum]]]]
[[File:Single-figure plaque, Benin Kingdom court style, Edo peoples, Benin City, Nigeria, mid 16th to 17th century, cast copper alloy - Dallas Museum of Art - DSC04934.jpg|thumb|right|Single-figure plaque, mid-sixteenth to seventeenth century, cast copper alloy, [[Dallas Museum of Art]]|upright]]
Benin Bronzes shɛŋa din daa m pahi nɛn'zura shɛŋa lala  ''punitive expedition of 1897'' ni daa n zu maa daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n sɔŋ luɣa dam dam puuni: di yaɣ'yini daa n kpalimla lala gbanpiɛlla nima ŋɔ kpamba maŋmaŋa bukaata nima zuɣu soɣili shee; ka bɛ ni m boli shɛba ni Foreign and Commonwealth Office nima la gba daa n kohi di zaɣ'gbaliŋ ka ŋanima zaa daa ti chaŋ n ti be European museums nima puuni, di bahi m bahindi Germany mini American museums nima puuni &lt;ref name=USA23 /&gt;  Di din daa m mali dariza pam daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n duhi shɛli liɣir n doli ban darili maa ni daa n dari li daa puuni shɛm. Lala ''Foreign Office'' ŋɔ nima daa nyɛla ban daa n yihi ''bronze wall plaques'' din kalinli daa n galisi pam n-ti  British Museum; lala ''plaques'' nima ŋɔ nyɛla ŋan n zaya n wuhiri Benin Kingdom taarihi nima yuuni fifteenth la mini yuuni sixteenth century nima puuni.&lt;ref name=Darshana&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.arm.arc.co.uk/CRBBinfo4.html |title=The British and the Benin Bronzes |access-date=26 July 2010 |last=Darshana |first=Soni |publisher=ARM Information Sheet 4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615032008/http://www.arm.arc.co.uk/CRBBinfo4.html |archive-date=15 June 2006 }}&lt;/ref&gt;   

== Kohimma din n niŋ nyaaŋa, sama yobu mini binyɛra mali zali dede n ti pahi yiŋa kundi ==
''Benin Bronzes collection'' shɛli din n galisi pam n gari shɛli kam bela Ethnological Museum of Berlin mini [[British Museum]] din m be London nima puuni ka din pahiri ata ka gba n galisi pam la mii be m be museums gbaliŋ shɛŋa din m be  Nigeria (di bahi m bahindi  Nigerian National Museum din m be Lagos) la puuni.{{sfn|Dohlvik|2006|p=8}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Iyer|first=Aditya|title='Today's fake culture war resurrects an old colonial trick'|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/2/3/the-museum-must-change-a-qa-with-dan-hicks|date=3 February 2021|access-date=2021-07-13|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en|archive-date=2 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702060146/https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/2/3/the-museum-must-change-a-qa-with-dan-hicks|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tum Nigeria nima ni daa n deei bɛ maŋa sulinsi yuuni 1960 la ni hali wayo, bɛ bi che ba suhibu ni bɛ labisi bɛ ''bronzes'' nima n-ti ba.{{sfn|Dohlvik|2006|p=8}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-06-17|title=The Met ought to have returned two stolen Benin Bronzes years ago|url=https://www.apollo-magazine.com/benin-bronzes-metropolitan-museum-barnaby-phillips/|first=Barnaby|last=Phillips|access-date=2021-07-13|website=[[Apollo (magazine)|Apollo]]|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713103039/https://www.apollo-magazine.com/benin-bronzes-metropolitan-museum-barnaby-phillips/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Nangbankpeeni n na nyɛla zaŋ kpa ''bronzes'' maa biɛhigu shee ni di ni daa pun m be shɛli polo. Di tooi zooya ka bɛ labuna ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni nya shɛli ka di nyɛla din yɛn ti bahindi ni bɛ n labi Africa tingbani puuni. Lala ''artefacts'' nima ŋɔ lɛbila  ''test case'' tinduya nangbankpeeni puuni n jɛndi yɛla mali zali dede bee sama yobu kamani  Elgin Marbles din daa n sɔŋ n taɣi niriba hala zaŋ kpa yiŋa kundi na polo la.{{sfn|Dohlvik|2006|p=24}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Titi |first=Catharine |author-link=Catharine Titi |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-26357-6 |title=The Parthenon Marbles and International Law |publisher=Springer |year=2023 |isbn=978-3-031-26356-9 |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-26357-6 |s2cid=258846977}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

Yuuni 1950 puuni ka British Museum nima daa m pili n kohi  Benin Bronzes din kalinli yaɣi bin pihita n-ti Nigerianima gɔmdanti. Lala saha maa, ŋun daa n guli lala museum maa, Hermann Braunholtz, daa yɛliya ni di bahi m bahindi ninvuɣ'konkoba ni maali li maa zaa yoli di ''203 plaques''  kalinli shɛŋa museum maa ni daa n kpuɣi yuuni 1898 la puuni, din bin pihita daa nyɛla din nyɛ yim; dama ŋanima daa nyɛla din n ŋmani taba ka daa lahi n zaya n-ti binyini ka daa n yɛli ni ŋanima daa nyɛla din n ka museum maa sɔŋsim shɛli.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=27 March 2002 |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710094109/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |archive-date=10 July 2011 |access-date=26 July 2010 |work=[[BBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lala bɛ kohima ŋɔ daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n che shɛli yuuni 1972 la puuni ka bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni ''museum's African art'' la baŋda daa yina n ti yɛli ni o nyɛla ŋun m bohi o suhu ni tun'shɛŋa o ni daa n tum maa.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot; /&gt; 

Yuuni 1953 la puuni, Sotheby daa n kohila Benin Bronze zuɣu £5,500, din daa nyɛ bɛ ni daa n kohiri shɛli £780 la.&lt;ref name=&quot;Phillips&quot;&gt;{{cite news|first=Barnaby|last=Phillips|title=The art dealer, the £10m Benin Bronze and the Holocaust|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|date=14 March 2021|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56292809|access-date=15 March 2021|archive-date=14 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314222855/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56292809|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yuuni 1968 la puuni, Christie daa n kohila Benin Bronze zuɣu shɛli pirinkpema ŋun daa m be o yili balinga yil'shɛli din daa n-nyɛ baŋkom puuni la £21,000 .&lt;ref name=&quot;Phillips&quot; /&gt;  Yuuni 1984 puuni, Sotheby daa n kohila ''plaque'' shɛli din daa zaya n-ti baaŋa; din dariza daa n yiɣisi bin din gbaai £25,000 mini £35,000 sunsuuni n-ti ŋun daa n dali m paai lala liɣiri maa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Darshana&quot; /&gt;  Yuuni 2015 la ni, bɛ daa n kohila Benin Bronze zuɣu n-ti ŋun daa n za o gama zuɣu n laɣindi li £10 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Phillips&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Elwes |first1=Christian |title=Hidden Treasure |url=https://www.entwistlegallery.com/news/2017/january/hidden-treasure |website=Entwistlegallery.com |publisher=Entwistle Gallery |date=9 January 2017 |access-date=15 March 2021 |archive-date=29 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329231151/https://www.entwistlegallery.com/news/2017/january/hidden-treasure |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Yuuni 2018 puuni, bɛ ni m boli shɛba ni Benin Dialogue Group nima mini British nima gɔmdanti daa m palila taba alikauli ni bɛ ni labisi lala Benin Bronzes nima maa din daa yɛn n che ka bɛ gba kpa bɛ maŋmaŋa exhibition Benin Royal Museum pali shɛli din m be Edo State puuni la.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kieron Monks|title=British Museum to return Benin Bronzes to Nigeria|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/26/africa/africa-uk-benin-bronze-return-intl/index.html|access-date=2021-07-13|website=[[CNN]]|date=26 November 2018|archive-date=5 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805094930/https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/26/africa/africa-uk-benin-bronze-return-intl/index.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ lala laɣingu ŋɔ daa nyɛla din n malila tinduya puuni museums nima , the Royal Court of Benin, the Edo State government, n ti pahi Nigerian National Commission for Museums and Monuments (NCMM) nima di puuni. Yuuni 2015 la puuni, Mark Walker daa nyɛla ŋun n labisi Benin Bronzes shɛŋa o yabidoo ni daa n kpuɣi siege on Benin Kingdom saha la puuni; Prince Edun Akenzua n daa n deegi o n niŋ o yiŋa [[Benin City]] puuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2015-02-26|title=The man who returned his grandfather's looted art|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-31605284|access-date=2021-07-13|archive-date=17 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717044259/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-31605284|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=2018-11-20|title=Easter Island governor begs British Museum to return Moai: 'You have our soul'|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/20/easter-island-british-museum-return-moai-statue|access-date=2021-07-13|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-date=15 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715041436/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/20/easter-island-british-museum-return-moai-statue|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; University of Aberdeen nima gba daa m pali ba alikauli ni bɛ ni labisi bronze zuɣu shɛli din daa n-nyɛ Oba dini la ka daa lahi n-nyɛ bɛ ni daa n da shɛli auction din daa n-niŋ yuuni 1957 puuni la na silimin gɔli March yuuni 2021 puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Aber&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=University of Aberdeen to repatriate 'looted' Nigerian bronze sculpture |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-56513346 |access-date=25 March 2021 |work=BBC News |date=25 March 2021 |archive-date=25 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325063200/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-56513346 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=University to return Benin bronze |url=https://www.abdn.ac.uk/news/14790/ |website=www.abdn.ac.uk |publisher=Aberdeen University |date=25 March 2021 |access-date=25 March 2021 |archive-date=25 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325160401/https://www.abdn.ac.uk/news/14790/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Labisibu ka n naai la ''handover ceremony'' shɛli bɛ ni daa n-niŋ silimin gɔli October biɛɣu pishi ni anii dali, yuuni 2021 puuni la.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ceremony to complete the return of Benin Bronze |url=https://www.abdn.ac.uk/news/15479/ |website=www.abdn.ac.uk |publisher=Aberdeen University |date=27 October 2021 |access-date=28 May 2023 |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028135744/https://www.abdn.ac.uk/news/15479/ }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
[[File:Unterzeichnung Vereinbarung zur Eigentumsübertragung Benin-Bronzen der Stadt Köln an Nigeria-4679.jpg|thumb|The signing of a 2022 agreement in Cologne, Germany, to transfer the Benin Bronzes of the city to Nigeria]]
Silimin gɔli April yuuni 2021 puuni, German nima gɔmdanti faa yimina n ti yɛli ni bɛ ni yo &quot;looted&quot; Benin Bronzes sama shɛŋa din daa m be ''Germany public collections'' puuni yuuni 2022 la. Hartmut Dorgerloh, ŋun daa n-nyɛ director n-ti Humboldt Forum shɛli din daa n laɣim Ethnological Museum of Berlin ka di lɛbi binyini la daa n yɛliya pɔhim zuɣu laɣingu shɛli puuni ni bɛ ni daa pun n gbaai gbaali shɛli ni bɛ zaŋ bronzes n wuhi ''museum complex'' pali shɛli din daa m be Berlin puuni la daa nyɛla &quot;bɛ ni ku tooi lahi n tɛhi n gbaai shɛli&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Hickley |first1=Catherine |title=Germany moves towards full restitution of Benin bronzes |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/germany-moves-towards-full-restitution-of-benin-bronzes |access-date=23 March 2021 |work=The Art Newspaper |date=22 March 2021 |archive-date=23 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323005505/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/germany-moves-towards-full-restitution-of-benin-bronzes |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Effort to Return Benin Bronzes to Africa Remains Ongoing Challenge|first=Marthe|last=van der Wolf|date=6 April 2021|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/europe_effort-return-benin-bronzes-africa-remains-ongoing-challenge/6204218.html|access-date=13 July 2021|website=Voice of America|language=en|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713102759/https://www.voanews.com/europe/effort-return-benin-bronzes-africa-remains-ongoing-challenge|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;   Yaha, silimin gɔli April yuuni 2021 puuni, the Church of England nima gba daa lo alikauli ni bɛ ni labisi Benin bronzes dibaa ayi shɛli bɛ ni daa n zaŋ n-ti lala saha maa Archbishop of Canterbury Robert Runcie pini yuuni 1982 la puuni na.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Dex|first=Robert|date=2021-04-12|title=Church of England to return Benin Bronzes as repatriation rows rumble on|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/exhibitions/church-england-return-benin-bronzes-repatriation-rows-b928330.html|access-date=2021-07-13|website=www.standard.co.uk|language=en|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713102452/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/exhibitions/church-england-return-benin-bronzes-repatriation-rows-b928330.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lala bronzes nima ŋɔ daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa yɛn zaŋ shɛli n tuɣi ''Benin Royal Museum collection'' shɛŋa din daa na yɛn n kana nyavuya ni.{{update inline|date=October 2021}}  lala gɔli maa puuni, the Horniman Museum din m be South London la daa n yɛliya ni di daa nyɛla binshɛli din n tuhi ni bɛ labisi ka n yo bin pihinahi ni awei kpaŋmaŋa tuun'shɛŋa bɛ ni daa n kpuɣi Benin City puuni la, di bahi m bahindi Benin Bronzes nima pia ni anu la nima maa zaa sama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=London's Horniman Museum—home to 15 Benin bronzes—announces new 'transparent procedures' for looted object requests|url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/horniman-museum-policy-on-restitution|access-date=2021-07-13|website=www.theartnewspaper.com|first=Gareth|last=Holmes|date=7 April 2021|language=en|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713090651/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/horniman-museum-policy-on-restitution|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Bɛ ni daa n zaŋ shɛli n yo British Museum ni bi ni daa n zaɣisi ni bɛ labisi lala looted Benin bronzes la na n daa n-nyɛ the Iyase (''traditional prime minister'') of Benin Kingdom ni daa n pɔbigi bronze plaque zaɣ'karili shɛli din daa n-nyɛ silimin gɔli July  biɛɣu pihita dali, yuuni 2021 puuni dini la. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=BENIN|first=NTA BROADCAST|date=2021-08-09|title=UNVEILING OF LARGEST BRONZE PLAQUE IN BENIN|work=Nigerian Television Authority (NTA)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7Ed6tPT0Xo |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/_7Ed6tPT0Xo |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Omotayo|first=Joseph|date=2021-08-05|title=Young Nigerian man makes largest plaque in Benin kingdom, showcases it in video|url=https://www.legit.ng/1427613-young-nigerian-largest-plaque-benin-kingdom-showcases-video.html|access-date=2021-10-05|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005175748/https://www.legit.ng/1427613-young-nigerian-largest-plaque-benin-kingdom-showcases-video.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Owolabi|first1=Tife|last2=Shirbon|first2=Estelle|date=2021-09-22|title=Nigerians offer artworks to British Museum in new take on looted bronzes|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerians-offer-artworks-british-museum-new-take-looted-bronzes-2021-09-22/|access-date=2021-10-05|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005175746/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerians-offer-artworks-british-museum-new-take-looted-bronzes-2021-09-22/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lala ''plaque'' ŋɔ daa nyɛla din m mali 2 tons of brass laasabu ka daa nyɛ Iyase Lukas Osarobo Zeickner-Okoro yaansi la ni puuni yino ni daa m maali shɛli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Time Scape {{!}} Nigeria: Medical Student Turned Artist Immortalizes Great King Ewuare, Oba of Benin, Unveils Largest-Ever Benin Kingdom Bronze Plaque|url=https://www.timescapemag.com/posts/nigeria-medical-student-turned-artist-immortalizes-great-king-ewuare-oba-of-benin-unveils-largest-ever-benin-kingdom-bronze-plaque|access-date=2021-10-05|website=www.timescapemag.com|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005175748/https://www.timescapemag.com/posts/nigeria-medical-student-turned-artist-immortalizes-great-king-ewuare-oba-of-benin-unveils-largest-ever-benin-kingdom-bronze-plaque|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ daa m bolila ''The Return of Oba Ewuare'' ni di wuhi Benin nima yɛda ni reincarnation mini Oba Ewuare II saha puuni Benin Bronze Age labi pili. Di daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n zaŋ shɛli n-ti British Museum ka daa taɣi n deei bronzes shɛŋa din daa m be nimaani.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-09-23|title=Nigerian Artists Offer British Museum Swap|url=https://www.museumnext.com/article/nigerian-artists-offer-british-museum-swap/|access-date=2021-11-11|website=MuseumNext|language=en|archive-date=8 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108075242/https://www.museumnext.com/article/nigerian-artists-offer-british-museum-swap/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-09-22|title=Nigerian Contemporary Art is Being Offered in Exchange for the U.K. Benin Bronzes|url=https://observer.com/2021/09/nigerian-contemporary-art-is-being-offered-in-exchange-for-the-u-k-benin-bronzes/|access-date=2021-10-05|website=Observer|language=en-US|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005175747/https://observer.com/2021/09/nigerian-contemporary-art-is-being-offered-in-exchange-for-the-u-k-benin-bronzes/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Silimin gɔli October yuuni 2021 puuni, Jesus College nima daa yina n ti yɛli ni bɛ ni labisi ''sculpture of a cockerel'' shɛli sokam ni daa m mi Okukor la n-ti Nigeria nima di ni daa n-niŋ ka bɛ shukurubihi daa n wuhi di taarihi daa anfaani ni di ni nyɛ ''looted artefact'' maa n naai. Lala statue ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa n yihi shɛli n soɣi yuuni 2016 la puuni ka niriba daa bi lahi n nyari li bɛ ni daa ti n gbaai ni bɛ labisi li; lala kolaji ŋɔ ''Legacy of Slavery Working Party'' nima vihigu daa n wuhiya ni lala ''statue'' ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa n deei shɛli court of Benin maŋmaŋa nima sani pɔi ka kolaji ŋɔ shukuru bi'so ba daa naai n yi zaŋli n lɛbi pini n-ti ba yuuni 1905 puuni .&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian cockrel&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Khomami |first=Naomi |date=15 October 2021 |title=Cambridge college to be first in UK to return looted Benin bronze |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2021/oct/15/cambridge-college-to-be-first-uk-return-looted-benin-bronze |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20211015102501/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2021/oct/15/cambridge-college-to-be-first-uk-return-looted-benin-bronze |archive-date=15 October 2021 |access-date=15 October 2021 |website=theguardian.com |quote=&quot;We are indeed very pleased and commend Jesus College for taking this lead in making restitution for the plunder that occurred in Benin in 1897,&quot; said the oba of Benin, Omo N'Oba N’Edo Uku Akpolokpolo, Ewuare II. &quot;We truly hope that others will expedite the return of our artworks which in many cases are of religious importance to us. We wish to thank [Nigeria's] President Buhari and our National Commission for Museums and Monuments for their renewed efforts in securing the release of our artefacts on our behalf.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Silimin gɔli February yuuni 2022 puuni, University of Aberdeen nima ni daa n labisi Okukor mini lala bronze maa, Oba of Benin, Ewuare II daa n deei li la royal palace shɛli din m be Benin City puuni .&lt;ref name=&quot;Welle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Colonial-era looted art returned to Nigeria and Benin {{!}} DW {{!}} 20.02.2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/colonial-era-looted-art-returned-to-nigeria-and-benin/a-60845936 |access-date=2022-02-21 |website=Deutsche Welle |language=en-GB |archive-date=21 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221123955/https://www.dw.com/en/colonial-era-looted-art-returned-to-nigeria-and-benin/a-60845936 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Silimin gɔli December yuuni 2022 puuni, University of Cambridge nima daa n yihila Benin artefacts din kalinli daa n yaɣi kɔbiga ka daa m be bɛ Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology la puuni n tahi NCMM. Ninvuɣ'so ŋun yɛri n-tiri museum maa daa yɛliya ni di shɛŋa daa yɛn n kpalimla Cambridge &quot;''on extended loan''&quot; din yɛn wuhi ni &quot;west Africa nima ninvuɣ'shɛba ban nina nehi ŋɔ na m be lala museum ŋɔ ''displays'' nima puuni mini shikuru bihi wuhibu shee&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-12-14 |title=Cambridge University to return over 100 looted Benin bronzes to Nigeria |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/dec/14/cambridge-university-to-return-over-100-looted-benin-bronzes-to-nigeria |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=The Guardian |language=en |archive-date=18 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218162152/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/dec/14/cambridge-university-to-return-over-100-looted-benin-bronzes-to-nigeria |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Hali ni silimin gɔli February yuuni 2025 puuni, bɛ na kuli m bela soli ni bɛ zaŋ lala statues nima ŋɔ n tahi Nigeria.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |first1=Craig |last1=Simpson |first2=Ben |last2=Farmer |title=Cambridge under pressure to return Benin Bronzes as Nigeria promises museum display |date=26 February 2025 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2025/02/26/cambridge-under-pressure-to-hand-back-benin-bronzes-nigeria/ |website=The Telegraph |access-date=17 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Silimin gɔli November yuuni 2021 puuni, bɛ ni m boli shɛba ni Metropolitan Museum of Art la nima daa n yihila ''two sixteenth-century Bronze plaques'', ''Warrior'' ''Chief'' ''and Junior Court Official'', n tahi n ti n-ti NCMM nima.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-11-22 |title=The Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Nigerian National Commission for Museums and Monuments Gather to Mark the Transfer of Three Works of Art to the Nigerian National Collections |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/press/news/2021/the-met-and-ncmm-mou |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=www.metmuseum.org |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227133021/https://www.metmuseum.org/press/news/2021/the-met-and-ncmm-mou |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bɛ lala niŋsim ŋɔ nyɛla din n yi di ko ka che bɛ mini ba ni gbaai ni bʋ labisi shɛŋa la domin ''160 Benin Bronzes collection'' sama n na n doli ba.{{citation needed|date=March 2025}} 

Silimin gɔli January yuuni 2022 puuni, bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni [[Great North Museum: Hancock]] ŋun daa m be [[Newcastle]], England la daa lo alikauli ni o ni labisi ''Benin Bronze stave'' n tahi n ti n-ti Nigeria nima.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-01-12|title=Newcastle's Hancock museum to repatriate Benin Bronze stave|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-59964386|access-date=13 January 2022|archive-date=13 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113082424/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-59964386|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Silimin gɔli March yuuni 2022 puuni, [[Smithsonian Institution]] nima daa yina n ti yɛli ni bɛ nyɛla ban yɛn n labisi bronzes bin pihita ni awei shɛli bɛ ni daa m mali niiya ni bɛ zaŋ n wuhi salo National Museum of Benin City puuni la.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=McGlone |first=Peggy |date=8 March 2022 |title=Smithsonian to give back its collection of Benin bronzes |newspaper=[[Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2022/03/08/smithsonian-benin-bronzes-nigeria-return/ |access-date=9 March 2022 |archive-date=8 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308232359/https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2022/03/08/smithsonian-benin-bronzes-nigeria-return/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Frum |first=David |date=2022-09-14 |title=Who Benefits When Western Museums Return Looted Art? |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2022/10/benin-bronzes-nigeria-return-stolen-art/671245/ |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=The Atlantic |language=en |archive-date=21 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021173357/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2022/10/benin-bronzes-nigeria-return-stolen-art/671245/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Lala Smithsonian Institution's [[National Museum of African Art]] nima daa nyɛla ban n dihi nuu din wuhiri ni bɛ nyɛla ban n yihi Benin bronzes bin pishi ni awei bɛ sulinsi puuni n-ti NCMM nima silimin gɔli October biɛɣu pia ni yini dali, yuuni 2022 puuni, Nigerian kpamba mini cultural officials nima nin'baŋsi puuni; yaha, lala saha maa puuni bɛ ni m boli shɛba ni the [[National Gallery of Art]] nima la daa nyɛla ban gba daa n labisi Benin bronze yinga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 October 2022 |title=Smithsonian Returns 29 Benin Bronzes to the National Commission for Museums and Monuments in Nigeria |url=https://www.si.edu/newsdesk/releases/smithsonian-returns-29-benin-bronzes-national-commission-museums-and-monuments |website=Smithsonian |access-date=30 April 2023 |archive-date=30 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430160547/https://www.si.edu/newsdesk/releases/smithsonian-returns-29-benin-bronzes-national-commission-museums-and-monuments |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=U. S. Mission |date=2022-10-17 |title=30 Benin bronzes returned to Nigeria |url=https://ng.usembassy.gov/30-benin-bronzes-returned-to-nigeria/ |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=U.S. Embassy and Consulate in Nigeria |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Silimin gɔli July yuuni 2022 puuni, Germany daa yina n ti yɛli bɛ ni daa yɛn n yihi 1,100 artefacts shɛŋa din daa m be m be [[Linden Museum]] din m be Stuttgart puuni, Humboldt Forum din m be Berlin tingbani puuni, the [[Rautenstrauch-Joest Museum]] din m be Cologne, the [[Museum am Rothenbaum]] din m be Hamburg puuni, n ti pahi ''the State Ethnographic Collections of Saxony'' nima puuni. Ŋanima zaa labisibu nima na daa nyɛla lala German museums nima mini Nigeria gɔmdanti ni daa n gbaai shɛli ni &quot;representative collection of objects&quot; shɛŋa bɛ ni daa n zaŋ n zali mi di kpalim Germay long-term loan puuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/01/germany-hands-over-two-benin-bronzes-to-nigeria?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other | title=Germany hands over two Benin bronzes to Nigeria | website=[[TheGuardian.com]] | date=July 2022 | access-date=1 July 2022 | archive-date=1 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701130702/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/01/germany-hands-over-two-benin-bronzes-to-nigeria?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-to-return-looted-artifacts-to-africa/a-62300419 | title=Germany to return looted artifacts to Africa &amp;#124; DW &amp;#124; 29.06.2022 | website=[[Deutsche Welle]] | access-date=1 July 2022 | archive-date=1 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701130702/https://www.dw.com/en/germany-to-return-looted-artifacts-to-africa/a-62300419 | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Silimin gɔli November biɛɣu pishi mi anii dali, yuuni 2022 puuni, London [[Horniman Museum]] nima daa n ʒinila ʒinahigu ni bɛ n labisi Benin Bronzes  shɛŋa bɛ mi m mali ka di nyɛ Nigeria nima dini n-ti ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/story/moral-and-appropriate-museum-begins-return-of-artefacts-looted-by-british-troops-12757670|title='Moral and appropriate': Museum begins return of artefacts looted by British troops|website=Sky News|date=29 November 2022|access-date=29 November 2022|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129060543/https://news.sky.com/story/moral-and-appropriate-museum-begins-return-of-artefacts-looted-by-british-troops-12757670|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/nov/28/london-museum-returns-looted-benin-city-artefacts-to-nigeria|title=London museum returns looted Benin City artefacts to Nigeria|website=The Guardian|last=Sherwood|first=Harriet|date=28 November 2022|access-date=29 November 2022|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129003538/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/nov/28/london-museum-returns-looted-benin-city-artefacts-to-nigeria|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/art/what-to-see/wellcome-collection-closes-medicine-man-exhibition-universal/|title=Is the 'world museum' doomed?|website=The Telegraph|last=Sooke|first=Alistair|date=29 November 2022|access-date=29 November 2022|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129072121/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/art/what-to-see/wellcome-collection-closes-medicine-man-exhibition-universal/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Kundivihira ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:AfroCuration 2025]]
[[Pubu:Lahabaya zaa]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>115048</id>
      <parentid>115047</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-09T14:32:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdul Rahman Abdul Kudus</username>
        <id>5829</id>
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      <comment>n yihiya linki</comment>
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'''''Benin Tahaʒɛri''''' nyɛla kuri paɣa mini bin kpɛri shɛŋa din n laɣim taba m bo nachinsi n dihi Benin Nayili, din pa n-nyɛ ''Edo State'', [[Nigeria]]. Lala ''metal plaques'' nima ŋɔ nyɛla ''Guild of Benin Bronze Casters'' nima, ban pa m be ''Igun Street'' puuni ŋɔ, din nyɛ bɛ ni lahi m booni shɛli ni ''Igun-Eronmwon Quarters'' la ni daa yi m malindi shɛli. Lala binyɛra ŋɔ n daa yi n laɣim taba n nam ''Benin art'' Shɛhira shɛŋa ŋan ne n doya kashi ka daa yi n-nyɛ yuuni ''fourteenth century'' la ''artists'' ban daa n-nyɛ Edo niriba la ni daa m maali shɛŋa .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Af1898-0115-23 |title=British Museum, &quot;Curator's comments&quot; |access-date=17 May 2021 |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028163529/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Af1898-0115-23 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.artic.edu/benin/artwork/190110 Benin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028163530/https://archive.artic.edu/benin/artwork/190110 |date=28 October 2021 }}, The Art Institute of Chicago.&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=36}}{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=37}}&lt;ref name=Meyerowitz /&gt;  Lala ''plaques'' ŋɔ, Edo balli nima ni m booni shɛli ni ''Ama'' la,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Digital Benin |url=https://digitalbenin.org/eyo-oto/1 |access-date=2023-11-26 |website=digitalbenin.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;  yi nyɛla din n wuhiri luɣ'shɛŋa bee n ʒeya n-tiri yɛlkpana lala Nayili maa taarihi puuni  .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hicks |first=Dan |title=The Brutish Museums: The Benin Bronzes, Colonial Violence and Cultural Restitution |publisher=Pluto Press |year=2020 |location=London |pages=138–139}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lala ''plaques'' nima ŋɔ nyaaŋa, ''sculptures'' shɛŋa ŋan m be ''brass'' bee ''bronze'' puuni nima n-nyɛ ''portrait heads'', ''jewellery'' (tib'kpariti, baŋsi, nintuhi, ni ŋan n pahi pahi), n ti pahi ''smaller pieces.''
[[File:Benin, portoghese, XVI-XVII sec.JPG|thumb|A 16th-century Benin Bronze depicting a Portuguese soldier, with [[Manilla (money)|manilla]]s in the background ([[Leipzig Museum of Ethnography]])]]
''Sculptures'' shɛŋa ŋan n-tiri suhupiɛlli ŋɔ zooya ka di nyɛla yuuni fourteenth century la dina, amaa ka di zaɣ'bɔbigu mii zooi ka di nyɛ yuuni fifteenth mini sixteenth centuries la puuni dina. Vihigu wuhiya ni &quot;''Golden Ages''&quot; dibaa ayi din m be Benin kuriti tuun'baŋsim puuni nyɛla din daa n yina ''Esigie''  1550) mini  Eresoyen (1735–1750) nima nam saha puuni saha shɛli bɛ tuun'baŋsim ni daa n zani di naba ayi zuɣu la.{{sfn|Greenfield|2007|p=122}}

Lala ''plaque'' nima ŋɔ pam mini binyɛra shɛŋa daa nyɛla gbanpiɛlla la ni daa n va shɛŋa ''Benin Expedition of 1897'' saha la puuni n chaŋ pirimila bɛ mini  ban n daa m be ''Southern Nigeria'' nima dimba la ni daa n-nyɛ yim la zuɣu.&lt;ref name=&quot;British&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/benin-bronzes-british-museum-nigeria-stolen-imperialist-treasures-return-loan-elgin-marbles-looted-a8414661.html|title=British museums may loan Nigeria bronzes that were taken from Nigeria by the British|first=Adam|last=Lusher|date=24 June 2018|website=The Independent|access-date=14 December 2018|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030042646/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/benin-bronzes-british-museum-nigeria-stolen-imperialist-treasures-return-loan-elgin-marbles-looted-a8414661.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lala so'chandiba ŋɔ  daa nyɛla ban n tumdi n doli gbanpiɛlla ŋɔ zalisi ni bɛ bɔhi biɛri n-ti ban gbanpiɛlla ŋɔ ninvuɣ'shɛba mini bɛ Africa tuumba shɛba bɛ ni daa n-tim na silimin gɔli January yuuni 1897 puuni ka bɛ daa ti n koŋ bɛ nyavuya la zuɣu. Shikuru baŋdi'shɛba kamani  ''Dan Hicks'', daa nyɛla ŋɔ yɛli ni lala ''expedition'' nima maa zaa daa nyɛla din n pahi bɛ shɛ'shɛŋa bɛ ni daa n mali ka n nuɣisi n lɛbi fitiina bee nahingu ni bɛ zaŋ n liri Africa n ti zaŋ bɛ European sulinsi m biri ka n dehi daabiligu anfaani nima shɛŋa ŋa m be ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hicks |first=Dan |title=The Brutish Museums: the Benin Bronzes, colonial violence and cultural restitution |publisher=Pluto Press |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-7453 4176-7 |pages=3, 40–42, 67–69, 84}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bɛ daa n zaŋla lala expedition ŋɔ n va two hundred pieces n tahi ''British Museum'' din m be London puuni la ka zaŋ ŋan n kpalim maa mii zaa n tahi European museums ŋan n kpalim la gba nima mii puuni  {{sfn|Greenfield|2007|p=124}}  Di nyɛla din n zooi pam British Museum puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;British&quot; /&gt; ka naain n yi che din gba m-be m-be Germany mini United States shɛŋa ŋan m mali yuya la nima puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;USA23&quot;&gt;''Benin Diplomatic Handbook'', p. 23.&lt;/ref&gt;

Yuuni 19th-century la nyaaŋa shikuru baŋdiba  ''O. M. Dalton'' mini ''Charles Hercules Read'' nima ban daa deei n bahindila bɛ yiligu ni lala Benin knowledge of ''metallurgy'' ŋɔ daa nyɛla din n yi ''Portuguese'' daabihi shɛba ban mini Benin nima maa daa pun n-niŋ ningbuna ni taba ''early modern period'' la puuni ka lala yɛligu ŋɔ daa nyɛ din bi n tam kanli zuɣu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meyerowitz&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Meyerowitz |first=Eva L. R. |year=1943 |title=Ancient Bronzes in the Royal Palace at Benin |publisher=The Burlington Magazine Publications, Ltd. |volume=83 |pages=248–253 |jstor=868735 |newspaper=[[The Burlington Magazine]] |number=487}}&lt;/ref&gt; Benin nayili din daa pun nyɛla luɣ'shɛli Africa shɛba ban nina daa pun n nehi nima ni daa m be shɛli n yuui pɔi ka Portuguese daabihi daa naain n chaŋ nimaani,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-africa/west-africa/nigeria/a/benin-and-the-portuguese|title=Benin and the Portuguese|website=Khan Academy|access-date=26 November 2018|archive-date=3 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703051030/https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-africa/west-africa/nigeria/a/benin-and-the-portuguese|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BBCBen&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=The kingdom of Benin |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zpvckqt/articles/z3n7mp3 |access-date=8 July 2021 |archive-date=29 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629031139/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zpvckqt/articles/z3n7mp3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Hali gba bronze nima daa pun nyɛla binshɛli bɛ ni daa pun n malindi shɛli Benin pɔi ka Portuguese nima maa daa naain n yi chaŋ nimaani.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Mihăilescu|first1=Plutarh-Antoniu|title=Întâlnire cu arta africană|date=1968|publisher=Editura Meridiane|page=48|language=ro}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni Benin bronze sculpture tradition la nyɛla bɛ ni yɛli ni shɛli daa n yila ''Kingdom of Ife'' din m be southwest Nigeria nayili kurili shɛli din daa m baɣi ba la puuni na.{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=36}}{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=37}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Meyerowitz&quot; /&gt; 

Ŋanima zaɣibɔbigu n laɣim taba ka bɛ boli li Benin Bronzes,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Gregg |first1=Emma |title=The story of Nigeria's stolen Benin Bronzes, and the London museum returning them |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/nigeria-stolen-benin-bronzes-london-museum |work=[[National Geographic]] |date=2022-09-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; kamani West Africa nima &quot;''bronzes''&quot; pam, di zaɣibilima nyɛla bɛ ni n maali shɛli ''brass'' ŋa nyɛ ''variable composition'' la puuni.{{efn|The [[British Museum]] notes that the term &quot;[[copper alloy]]&quot; is more appropriate in [[museology]] as it avoids the distinction between brass and bronze.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/term_details.aspx?scopeType=Terms&amp;scopeId=18864 British Museum, &quot;Scope Note&quot; for &quot;copper alloy&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818004043/http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/term_details.aspx?scopeType=Terms&amp;scopeId=18864 |date=18 August 2014 }}. Britishmuseum.org. Retrieved 26 May 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;}}  Di shɛŋa gba beni ka bɛ zaŋla ''bronze'' mini ''brass'', ''wood'', ''ceramic'', n ti pahi ''ivory'' ni nɛ'shɛŋa ŋa m pahi pahi n gabi taba n maali ŋanima.{{sfn|Dohlvik|2006|p=21}} Di kuriti yaɣa maa daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n zaŋ  lost-wax casting n maali shɛŋa ka ŋanima nyɛ din m pahi Africa ''sculptures'' shɛŋa bɛ ni zaŋ lala soli (''technique'') ŋɔ n mali ka di mali nintiɣili.{{sfn|Nevadomsky|2004|pp=1, 4, 86–8, 95–6}} Yuuni 15th century la bahigu puuni ka Benin nima daa n pilil ivory, naanzuwa n ti pahi daba kuhibu daabiligu ni&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Santos |first1=Talita Teixeira dos |title=Com a cruz e sem a espada: aspectos da relação comercial entre Portugal e o reino do Benim ao longo dos séculos XV e XVI. |journal=Associação Nacional de História  |date=July 2010 |volume=XIV |url=http://www.encontro2010.rj.anpuh.org/resources/anais/8/1276639759_ARQUIVO_Trabalho_benim.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Portuguese nima ka daa lahi n zaŋ ''manillas'' (brass ingots kamani baŋsi laasabu la ka nyɛ bɛ daa n da shɛli Portuguese nima maa sani)  n pahi ka di nyɛ luɣ'shɛli polo bɛ ni n yihiri bee n nyari kuriti n malindi bɛ ''sculpture''. Lala manillas' brass shɛli bɛ ni daa n yɛli ni shɛli daa tuui n yina The Netherlands la pa nyɛla bɛ ni lahi n yɛli ni shɛli pa nyɛla din n yi ''Rhineland'' region of Germany nima sani na.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=German brass for Benin Bronzes: Geochemical analysis insights into the early Atlantic trade | date=2023 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0283415 |language=en | doi-access=free | last1=Skowronek | first1=Tobias B. | last2=Decorse | first2=Christopher R. | last3=Denk | first3=Rolf | last4=Birr | first4=Stefan D. | last5=Kingsley | first5=Sean | last6=Cook | first6=Gregory D. | last7=Benito Dominguez | first7=Ana María | last8=Clifford | first8=Brandon | last9=Barker | first9=Andrew | last10=Otero | first10=José Suárez | last11=Moreira | first11=Vicente Caramés | last12=Bode | first12=Michael | last13=Jansen | first13=Moritz | last14=Scholes | first14=Daniel | journal=PLOS ONE | volume=18 | issue=4 | pages=e0283415 | pmid=37018227 | pmc=10075414 | bibcode=2023PLoSO..1883415S }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Alberge |first1=Dalya |title=Benin bronzes made from metal mined in west Germany, study finds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/05/benin-bronzes-made-from-brass-mined-in-west-germany-study-finds |website=The Guardian |access-date=8 April 2023 |date=5 April 2023 |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408050236/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/05/benin-bronzes-made-from-brass-mined-in-west-germany-study-finds |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Famous Benin Bronzes from West Africa used metal sourced in Germany |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2368057-famous-benin-bronzes-from-west-africa-used-metal-sourced-in-germany/ |website=New Scientist |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407104457/https://www.newscientist.com/article/2368057-famous-benin-bronzes-from-west-africa-used-metal-sourced-in-germany/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;   
== Taarihi ==
Di nambu mini di tuma biɛhigu puuni 

Lala dramatic sculptures ŋɔ shɛŋa pam nyɛla din daa n yina yuuni thirteenth century la puuni ka di zaɣ'bɔbigu pam mi daa n yina yuuni fifteenth mini sixteenth centuries la puuni. Vihigu wuhiya ni &quot;''Golden Ages''&quot; ŋɔ dibaa ayi din m be Benin kuriti tuun'baŋsim puuni la nyɛla din daa n yina Esigie (fl. 1550) mini Eresoyen (1735–1750) nima saha puuni, dini daa n-niŋ ka bɛ baŋsim zaŋ kpa bɛ tuma polo la daa n zani di naba ayi zuɣu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Igbafe |first1=Phillip |title=Slavery and Emancipation in Benin, 1897-1945 |journal=The Journal of African History |date=1975 |volume=16 |issue=3 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=409–429 |doi=10.1017/S002185370001433X |jstor=180474 |s2cid=161431780 |edition=3 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/180474 |access-date=24 October 2022 |archive-date=1 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301190351/https://www.jstor.org/stable/180474 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
{{Quote box|width=246px|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|align=right|quote=&quot;The king's palace or court is a square, and is as large as the town of [[Haarlem]] and entirely surrounded by a special wall, like that which encircles the town. It is divided into many magnificent palaces, houses, and apartments of the courtiers, and comprises beautiful and long square galleries...resting on wooden pillars, from top to bottom covered with cast copper, on which are engraved the pictures of their war exploits and battles, and are kept very clean.&quot;|source=[[Olfert Dapper]], a Dutch writer, describing Benin in his book ''[[Description of Africa (Olfert Dapper)|Description of Africa]]'' (1668){{sfn|Willett|1985|p=102}}}}
Lala [[Benin]] nayili ŋɔ nyɛla din n deegi din pa n-nyɛ Nigeria ŋɔ ''southern'' yaɣa la bin din daa n gbaai yuuni fourteenth la mini nineteenth centuries la nima puuni, daa nyɛla din n mali ''sculptures'' pam ka ŋa nɛn'shɛŋa kam bɛ ni zaŋ n maali kamani ''iron'', ''bronze'', ''wood'', ''ivory'' n ti pahi ''terra cotta'' nima nyɛ din n gahim n yi di ko. ''Oba'' nayili shɛli din m be Benin City puuni ka nyɛ luɣ'shɛli polo bɛ ni n malindi ''royal'' ancestral altars la n daa lahi n-nyɛ luɣ'shɛli polo bɛ ni  daa yi n niŋdi ''court ceremonial life'' shɛli ''Oba of Benin'', o tɔb'bihi, nanima mini ban mali zaashehi, tindaanba, ninvuɣ'shɛba ban m be nayili maa laɣinsi puuni, tinduya puuni daabihi mini mercenaries, n ti pahi n tumdi n tiri niriba ka bɛ yori ba ni ban n chani nayili maa nima ni mali nuu timbu shɛli puuni. Lala nayili ŋɔ daa nyɛla din laɣim yiya gbaliŋ n gili di sheeni ka daa lahi n-nyɛ luɣ'shɛli polo bɛ ni daa yi mali ''rectangular brass plaques'' din anfooni me n ŋmahim ninvuɣ'shɛba mini yɛl'shɛŋa din che ka court maa ŋmani binvuhirili la bin kɔbiga kɔbiga.&lt;ref name=Ezra&gt;{{cite book|last=Ezra|first=Kate|title=Royal art of Benin: the Perls collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|year=1992|publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art|location=New York|isbn=978-0-8109-6414-3|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/royalartofbeninp0000ezra}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

''Bronze'' mini ''ivory'' binyɛra tumtumsa galiya pam Benin nayili yɛl'maana mini di kootu biɛhigu puuni. Di tuma daa na nyɛla bɛ ni daa na n mali li n dihiri nayili maa nachinsi ka di daa nyɛ din n mali bronze tuma pam ŋa puuni.{{sfn|Pijoan|1966|p=12}} Bɛ daa yi n kpahila kuusanima n sa n sa nayili ŋɔ pilanima zuɣu ka zaŋ ŋanima n yili yili li.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ezra&quot; /&gt;  Bɛ kootu maa kali soli zuɣu yɛlkpani daa nyɛmi ni bɛ paɣi ka simsi lala bɛ Oba duuma ŋɔ , bɛ naa ŋun gahim ka yi o ko, n ti pahi o nam timsim taarihi bee ni bɛ paɣi ka n simsi ''Iyoba of Benin'' (''the queen mother'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Kings&quot; /&gt;  ''Art'', di yi ti kana Benin nayili polo, di nyɛla din mali balibu pam amaa ka ŋanima zaa puuni ''bronze'' mini ''brass reliefs'' n ti tabili Na'zuɣiri nima mini ''queen mothers'' nima dina n-nyɛ niriba pam ni n mi shɛŋa yɛla. Bɛ ni zaŋ ''bronze'' n maali ŋman'shɛŋa, buɣliŋbuɣliŋ nima, ''ornaments'', ''jewellery'' (tikpariti, cheeni nima, nintuhi, baŋsi, ni ŋa n pahi), n ti pahi binyɛr'shɛŋa bɛ ni mali m maani yɛli maana zaa malila dimaŋa bee nachinsi nɛma nahingbana mini binmaŋa ŋanima puuni n wuhiri bɛ n maali ŋanima kpaŋmaŋa di bahi m bahindi ''figurative'' tum'shɛŋa din m be ''bronze'' mini ''ivory carvings'' ni gari ŋanima zuɣu maa zaa yoli.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kings&quot; /&gt;

Africa tingbani puuni, tuma din n yi Benin na wuhiya ni bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni ''the technique of lost-wax casting'' la daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa pun n daŋ n maali shɛli. Di yi daa ti n-niŋ ka tiŋ'naa kani, na'so ŋun daa yɛn n ʒini gbana maa zuɣu n daa yɛn n puhi ka bɛ maali ''bronze'' zuɣu n-ti lala naa maa. Lala ''sculptures'' nima kalinli ŋan n yiɣisi kɔbiga ni pisopɔin na nyɛla din m beni ka naain n yi che din gba na beni ka nyɛ yuuni twelfth century la puuni dina.{{sfn|Gowing|1984|p=578}}  Lala Oba ŋɔ, bee tiŋ'naa, nuu n yi m pa nɛn'shɛŋa din nyabu yi n to n-ti ba kamani salima nima, elephant tusks, n ti pahi bronze nima la zuɣu. Lala tiŋ'nanima ŋɔ kpaŋmaŋa puuni ka bɛ tooi n malindi ''splendid Benin bronzes''; dinbɔŋɔ wuhiya ni lala ''royal courts'' nima ŋɔ kpaŋmaŋa tohibunima puuni ka sub-Saharan ''art'' yina n ti niŋ katari.{{sfn|Leuzinger|1976|p=24}} Yuuni 1939 la puuni, zuɣ'shɛŋa din nyɛ yim kamani Benin tiŋ'nayili ŋɔ dini la daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n nya shɛli [[Ife]], din nyɛ [[Yoruba]] nima tiŋ'shɛli din gahim n niŋ kashi la puuni. Lala niŋsim ŋɔ daa n niŋla yuuni fourteenth mini yuuni fifteenth centuries la nima puuni. Di daa nyɛla din n-niŋ n dalim bɛ kaya yɛlkurili shɛli bɛ ni daa n gbubi ni Ife ''artist'' nima n wuhi Benin nima bronze kuriti maalibu soya.{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=36}}  ''Recognition of the antiquity of the technology'' ban m be Benin nima ni daa ti m baŋ lala ''technology'' ŋɔ taarihi yɛla, bɛ daa n-tila tooni m malind lala ''sculptures'' nima n jɛndiri di saha nima.{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=37}}

=== ''European interest and the Benin Expedition of 1897'' ===
[[File:Ancient Benin city.JPG|thumb|An idealised depiction of Benin City by a Dutch artist in the 1686 French edition of [[Olfert Dapper]]'s ''[[Description of Africa (1668 book)|Description of Africa]]'' (1668).{{sfn|Willett|1985|pp=100-1}}]]
Africa nima ''art'' Shɛhira bela daa nyɛla Europeans nima ni daa pun n laɣim shɛli pɔi ni yuuni nineteenth century la puuni, di bahi m bahindi European nima ni daa pun n yihi bukunima na ka di daa n mali Benin City mini of the oba's palace bin din gbaai yuuni 1600s la ha mali chana anfooni nima di puuni maa zaa yoli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last1=Anagnost |first1=Adrian |title=Edo Spaces, European Images: Iterations of Art and Architecture in Benin |date=2022-12-19 |url=https://www.artic.edu/digital-publications/36/perspectives-on-instability/14/edo-spaces-european-images |work=Perspectives on In/Stability |editor-last=Collier |editor-first=Delinda |publisher=The Art Institute of Chicago |doi=10.53269/26939851/01/02 |isbn=978-0-86559-314-5 |access-date=2022-12-26 |last2=Gueorguiev |first2=Manol |editor2-last=Farrell |editor2-first=Robyn |doi-access=free |archive-date=26 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226223419/https://www.artic.edu/digital-publications/36/perspectives-on-instability/14/edo-spaces-european-images |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Yuuni nineteenth century la piligu puuni saha shɛli ''colonization'' mini ''missionary'' tuma ni daa n pilila ko puuni ka bɛ daa pili n kpuɣiri Africa nima kpaŋmaŋa tuma pam n mali n tahiri Europe, ka daa mali ŋanima m booni ni ''simple curiosities of'' &quot;''pagan''&quot; ''cults''. Lala bɛ biɛhigu ŋɔ daa nyɛla din n taɣi lala Benin Expedition of 1897 maa ni daa n-niŋ n naagi. 

Yuuni 1897 la puuni, bɛ ni m boli so ni vice consul general la, ''James Robert Phillips'', ka o daa n-nyɛ ''Niger Coast Protectorate'', n ti n tabili gbanpiɛla ninvuɣ'timsa bɛ baa ayobu, daabihi bɛ baa ayi, ban n lɛbigiri yɛltɔɣa,  n ti pahi ''215 porters'', daa nyɛla ban kpuɣi napɔŋ n doli ''small port of'' [[Sapele]], Nigeria, n chaŋ Benin&lt;ref name=&quot;Meyerowitz&quot; /&gt;  Niiya shɛli zuɣu bɛ ni daa n kpuɣi lala napɔŋ ŋɔ daa nyɛla zabili zuɣu. Lala niriba ŋɔ niiya daa nyɛmi ni bɛ mini Oba of Benin ŋɔ daa n gbaagi bee n di fiila, amaa taarihi shɛŋa gba wuhiya ni di daa n nyɛla ''reconnaissance mission'' shɛli bɛ ni daa n kpuɣi ka suhudoo laɣingu chandi la din daa kuli yɛn n che ka bɛ yihi bɛ tiŋ'naa ''king (Oba) of Benin'' gbana zuɣu.&lt;ref&gt;Philip Igbafe, ''Benin under British Administration: the Impact of Colonial Rule on an African Kingdom, 1897-1938'' (1979), pp. 56-61&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=The Annexation of Benin |first=T. U. |last=Obinyan |journal=Journal of Black Studies |volume=19 |issue=1 |date=September 1988 |pages=29–40 |publisher=Sage .|jstor=2784423 |doi=10.1177/002193478801900103|s2cid=142726955 }}&lt;/ref&gt;   Bɛ daa nyɛla ban n yɛli bɛ chandi maa daliri tɔ amaa bɛ daa yɛli ba mi ni shee bɛ na n guhi pɔi ni ka che zino bi kpɛri bɛ tiŋa maa ni saha shɛli bɛ ni na n maani bɛ yɛli maana;&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot;&gt;''Benin Diplomatic Handbook'', p. 21.&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Dohlvik|2006|pp=21-2}}  tɔ amaa, saanba ŋɔ daa bi n wum n-ti ba ka daa n tuɣi bɛ lala expedition maa.{{sfn|Greenfield|2007|p=123}}  Bɛ daa nyɛla Oba tobu bihi ni daa n liri shɛba lala tiŋa maa south ka Europeans nima niriba ayi ko n daa ti n tiligi lala ''ensuing massacre'' maa .&lt;ref name=&quot;Meyerowitz&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot; /&gt;  
[[File:Drawing of Benin City made by an English officer 1897.jpg|thumb|left|Illustration of [[Benin City]] in 1897, drawn by a British official]]
Yɛli ŋɔ lahabali daa nyɛla din n to London, dabaa anii nyaaŋa ka bɛ daa n niŋ yom n laɣim bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni naval ''punitive expedition'' la,&lt;ref name=Meyerowitz /&gt;&lt;ref name=USA /&gt;{{sfn|Greenfield|2007|p=123}} ka bɛ niiya daa nyɛ ni bɛ piɛli li m bahi ''Admiral Harry Rawson''. Lala gbanpiɛlla soojanima ŋɔ daa nyɛla ban n saɣim ka wurim binshɛlikam din daa m be Benin City puuni.&lt;ref name=Meyerowitz /&gt;&lt;ref name=USA /&gt; Lala bɛ lirigu ŋɔ nyaaŋa, ban daa n di nasara lala tobu maa puuni daa n zaŋla art zaŋ n dihi lala ''Royal Palace'' maa mini ban daa n mali zaashehi ni yuya biɛhigu puuni yiya, din daa n-nyɛ bɛ ni daa n zaŋ yun'gbaliŋ n laɣim shɛŋa la n lɛbi bɛ tuma n tumda. Lala ''official'' nima ŋɔ chandi shɛli bɛ ni daa n chaŋ ŋɔ daa nyɛla British nima maa kpema ni daa n sabi shɛli ka di daa n wuhi ni din daa n tahili ka bɛ daa n nya nasara lala bɛ lirigu maa puuni daa nyɛmi ni tinkpaŋnima maa daa n lirimi n saɣim suhudoo chandi ni lala ''expedition'' maa mii daa nyɛla din n-ti sokam soli ni o niŋdi o suhu ni bori shɛli ni di gu li ka che ''reign of terror'' .&lt;ref name=USA /&gt;&lt;ref name=Darshana /&gt; Yuuni 2020 buku daa n wuhiya ni; &quot;tum yuuni 1960s saha maa ha, taarihibaŋdiba pam nyɛla ban m baŋ lala expedition shɛli bɛ ni daa n-niŋ ni bɛ n yihi Oba ''Ovonramwen'' Nogbaisi (Overami), bɛ ni daa n ʒili so namkuɣu puuni yuuni 1888 la ni, ka di daa m pa biɛri ka o daa yɛn m bohi amaa ka daa lee nyɛmi ni o beni n lihiri ka tiri zalisi ka di yuugi la zuɣu maa gbunni.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ninvuɣ'shɛba gbubimi ni dina n che ka ŋun n sulinsi puuni lala bini ŋɔ gbunni bi ne ka di nyɛ di ti yɛn n dalim ''bronzes'' shɛŋa din ti yɛn n labina Benin la zaɣ'pala.&lt;ref&gt;Kiwara-Wilson, Salome. Restituting Colonial Plunder: The Case for the Benin Bronzes and Ivories. DePaul Journal of Art, Technology &amp; Intellectual Property Law. 2013&lt;/ref&gt; 

Lala tum'shɛŋa British nima ŋɔ ni daa n kpuɣi maa daa nyɛla ''treasure hoard of bronze and ivory sculptures'' di bahi m bahindi tiŋ'nanima zuɣuri, ''queen mother'' nima zuɣuri, ''leopard figurines'', buɣliŋbuɣliŋnima, n ti pahi anfooninima shɛŋa bɛ ni daa m maali ka ŋanima kalinli galisi pam zaa daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n zaŋ  ''lost-wax casting'' n wurim shɛŋa. Yuuni 1910 la puuni, German nima vihigu vihira, ''Leo Frobenius'' daa nyɛla ŋun n ʒi expedition n chaŋ Africa ka o niiya daa nyɛ ni o dehi Africanima ''art'' kpaŋmaŋa tuma nima n-ti niŋ o ya museum nima puuni.{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=20}}  Zuŋɔ di din kpalim m be  Nigeria galisim zaa bi yaɣi di bin pihinu tɔ amaa, di kalinli din n yiɣisi ''2,400 pieces'' nyɛla din m be Europeanima mini Americanima sulinsi puuni.{{sfn|Huera|1988|p=35}}

=== Museums nima ni pu m pu n doya boŋ boŋ shɛm ===
[[File:Benin Bronzes.jpg|thumb|Two Benin Bronzes in London's [[British Museum]]]]
[[File:Benin bronzes british museum 2023.JPG|thumb|A display of Benin Bronzes at the [[British Museum]]]]
[[File:Single-figure plaque, Benin Kingdom court style, Edo peoples, Benin City, Nigeria, mid 16th to 17th century, cast copper alloy - Dallas Museum of Art - DSC04934.jpg|thumb|right|Single-figure plaque, mid-sixteenth to seventeenth century, cast copper alloy, [[Dallas Museum of Art]]|upright]]
Benin Bronzes shɛŋa din daa m pahi nɛn'zura shɛŋa lala  ''punitive expedition of 1897'' ni daa n zu maa daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n sɔŋ luɣa dam dam puuni: di yaɣ'yini daa n kpalimla lala gbanpiɛlla nima ŋɔ kpamba maŋmaŋa bukaata nima zuɣu soɣili shee; ka bɛ ni m boli shɛba ni Foreign and Commonwealth Office nima la gba daa n kohi di zaɣ'gbaliŋ ka ŋanima zaa daa ti chaŋ n ti be European museums nima puuni, di bahi m bahindi Germany mini American museums nima puuni &lt;ref name=USA23 /&gt;  Di din daa m mali dariza pam daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n duhi shɛli liɣir n doli ban darili maa ni daa n dari li daa puuni shɛm. Lala ''Foreign Office'' ŋɔ nima daa nyɛla ban daa n yihi ''bronze wall plaques'' din kalinli daa n galisi pam n-ti  British Museum; lala ''plaques'' nima ŋɔ nyɛla ŋan n zaya n wuhiri Benin Kingdom taarihi nima yuuni fifteenth la mini yuuni sixteenth century nima puuni.&lt;ref name=Darshana&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.arm.arc.co.uk/CRBBinfo4.html |title=The British and the Benin Bronzes |access-date=26 July 2010 |last=Darshana |first=Soni |publisher=ARM Information Sheet 4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615032008/http://www.arm.arc.co.uk/CRBBinfo4.html |archive-date=15 June 2006 }}&lt;/ref&gt;   

== Kohimma din n niŋ nyaaŋa, sama yobu mini binyɛra mali zali dede n ti pahi yiŋa kundi ==
''Benin Bronzes collection'' shɛli din n galisi pam n gari shɛli kam bela Ethnological Museum of Berlin mini [[British Museum]] din m be London nima puuni ka din pahiri ata ka gba n galisi pam la mii be m be museums gbaliŋ shɛŋa din m be  Nigeria (di bahi m bahindi  Nigerian National Museum din m be Lagos) la puuni.{{sfn|Dohlvik|2006|p=8}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Iyer|first=Aditya|title='Today's fake culture war resurrects an old colonial trick'|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/2/3/the-museum-must-change-a-qa-with-dan-hicks|date=3 February 2021|access-date=2021-07-13|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en|archive-date=2 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702060146/https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/2/3/the-museum-must-change-a-qa-with-dan-hicks|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tum Nigeria nima ni daa n deei bɛ maŋa sulinsi yuuni 1960 la ni hali wayo, bɛ bi che ba suhibu ni bɛ labisi bɛ ''bronzes'' nima n-ti ba.{{sfn|Dohlvik|2006|p=8}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-06-17|title=The Met ought to have returned two stolen Benin Bronzes years ago|url=https://www.apollo-magazine.com/benin-bronzes-metropolitan-museum-barnaby-phillips/|first=Barnaby|last=Phillips|access-date=2021-07-13|website=[[Apollo (magazine)|Apollo]]|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713103039/https://www.apollo-magazine.com/benin-bronzes-metropolitan-museum-barnaby-phillips/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Nangbankpeeni n na nyɛla zaŋ kpa ''bronzes'' maa biɛhigu shee ni di ni daa pun m be shɛli polo. Di tooi zooya ka bɛ labuna ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni nya shɛli ka di nyɛla din yɛn ti bahindi ni bɛ n labi Africa tingbani puuni. Lala ''artefacts'' nima ŋɔ lɛbila  ''test case'' tinduya nangbankpeeni puuni n jɛndi yɛla mali zali dede bee sama yobu kamani  Elgin Marbles din daa n sɔŋ n taɣi niriba hala zaŋ kpa yiŋa kundi na polo la.{{sfn|Dohlvik|2006|p=24}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Titi |first=Catharine |author-link=Catharine Titi |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-26357-6 |title=The Parthenon Marbles and International Law |publisher=Springer |year=2023 |isbn=978-3-031-26356-9 |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-26357-6 |s2cid=258846977}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

Yuuni 1950 puuni ka British Museum nima daa m pili n kohi  Benin Bronzes din kalinli yaɣi bin pihita n-ti Nigerianima gɔmdanti. Lala saha maa, ŋun daa n guli lala museum maa, Hermann Braunholtz, daa yɛliya ni di bahi m bahindi ninvuɣ'konkoba ni maali li maa zaa yoli di ''203 plaques''  kalinli shɛŋa museum maa ni daa n kpuɣi yuuni 1898 la puuni, din bin pihita daa nyɛla din nyɛ yim; dama ŋanima daa nyɛla din n ŋmani taba ka daa lahi n zaya n-ti binyini ka daa n yɛli ni ŋanima daa nyɛla din n ka museum maa sɔŋsim shɛli.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=27 March 2002 |title=Benin bronzes sold to Nigeria |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710094109/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1896535.stm |archive-date=10 July 2011 |access-date=26 July 2010 |work=[[BBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lala bɛ kohima ŋɔ daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n che shɛli yuuni 1972 la puuni ka bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni ''museum's African art'' la baŋda daa yina n ti yɛli ni o nyɛla ŋun m bohi o suhu ni tun'shɛŋa o ni daa n tum maa.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot; /&gt; 

Yuuni 1953 la puuni, Sotheby daa n kohila Benin Bronze zuɣu £5,500, din daa nyɛ bɛ ni daa n kohiri shɛli £780 la.&lt;ref name=&quot;Phillips&quot;&gt;{{cite news|first=Barnaby|last=Phillips|title=The art dealer, the £10m Benin Bronze and the Holocaust|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|date=14 March 2021|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56292809|access-date=15 March 2021|archive-date=14 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314222855/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56292809|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yuuni 1968 la puuni, Christie daa n kohila Benin Bronze zuɣu shɛli pirinkpema ŋun daa m be o yili balinga yil'shɛli din daa n-nyɛ baŋkom puuni la £21,000 .&lt;ref name=&quot;Phillips&quot; /&gt;  Yuuni 1984 puuni, Sotheby daa n kohila ''plaque'' shɛli din daa zaya n-ti baaŋa; din dariza daa n yiɣisi bin din gbaai £25,000 mini £35,000 sunsuuni n-ti ŋun daa n dali m paai lala liɣiri maa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Darshana&quot; /&gt;  Yuuni 2015 la ni, bɛ daa n kohila Benin Bronze zuɣu n-ti ŋun daa n za o gama zuɣu n laɣindi li £10 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Phillips&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Elwes |first1=Christian |title=Hidden Treasure |url=https://www.entwistlegallery.com/news/2017/january/hidden-treasure |website=Entwistlegallery.com |publisher=Entwistle Gallery |date=9 January 2017 |access-date=15 March 2021 |archive-date=29 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329231151/https://www.entwistlegallery.com/news/2017/january/hidden-treasure |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Yuuni 2018 puuni, bɛ ni m boli shɛba ni Benin Dialogue Group nima mini British nima gɔmdanti daa m palila taba alikauli ni bɛ ni labisi lala Benin Bronzes nima maa din daa yɛn n che ka bɛ gba kpa bɛ maŋmaŋa exhibition Benin Royal Museum pali shɛli din m be Edo State puuni la.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kieron Monks|title=British Museum to return Benin Bronzes to Nigeria|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/26/africa/africa-uk-benin-bronze-return-intl/index.html|access-date=2021-07-13|website=[[CNN]]|date=26 November 2018|archive-date=5 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805094930/https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/26/africa/africa-uk-benin-bronze-return-intl/index.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ lala laɣingu ŋɔ daa nyɛla din n malila tinduya puuni museums nima , the Royal Court of Benin, the Edo State government, n ti pahi Nigerian National Commission for Museums and Monuments (NCMM) nima di puuni. Yuuni 2015 la puuni, Mark Walker daa nyɛla ŋun n labisi Benin Bronzes shɛŋa o yabidoo ni daa n kpuɣi siege on Benin Kingdom saha la puuni; Prince Edun Akenzua n daa n deegi o n niŋ o yiŋa [[Benin City]] puuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2015-02-26|title=The man who returned his grandfather's looted art|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-31605284|access-date=2021-07-13|archive-date=17 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717044259/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-31605284|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=2018-11-20|title=Easter Island governor begs British Museum to return Moai: 'You have our soul'|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/20/easter-island-british-museum-return-moai-statue|access-date=2021-07-13|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-date=15 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715041436/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/20/easter-island-british-museum-return-moai-statue|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; University of Aberdeen nima gba daa m pali ba alikauli ni bɛ ni labisi bronze zuɣu shɛli din daa n-nyɛ Oba dini la ka daa lahi n-nyɛ bɛ ni daa n da shɛli auction din daa n-niŋ yuuni 1957 puuni la na silimin gɔli March yuuni 2021 puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Aber&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=University of Aberdeen to repatriate 'looted' Nigerian bronze sculpture |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-56513346 |access-date=25 March 2021 |work=BBC News |date=25 March 2021 |archive-date=25 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325063200/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-56513346 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=University to return Benin bronze |url=https://www.abdn.ac.uk/news/14790/ |website=www.abdn.ac.uk |publisher=Aberdeen University |date=25 March 2021 |access-date=25 March 2021 |archive-date=25 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325160401/https://www.abdn.ac.uk/news/14790/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Labisibu ka n naai la ''handover ceremony'' shɛli bɛ ni daa n-niŋ silimin gɔli October biɛɣu pishi ni anii dali, yuuni 2021 puuni la.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ceremony to complete the return of Benin Bronze |url=https://www.abdn.ac.uk/news/15479/ |website=www.abdn.ac.uk |publisher=Aberdeen University |date=27 October 2021 |access-date=28 May 2023 |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028135744/https://www.abdn.ac.uk/news/15479/ }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
[[File:Unterzeichnung Vereinbarung zur Eigentumsübertragung Benin-Bronzen der Stadt Köln an Nigeria-4679.jpg|thumb|The signing of a 2022 agreement in Cologne, Germany, to transfer the Benin Bronzes of the city to Nigeria]]
Silimin gɔli April yuuni 2021 puuni, German nima gɔmdanti faa yimina n ti yɛli ni bɛ ni yo &quot;looted&quot; Benin Bronzes sama shɛŋa din daa m be ''Germany public collections'' puuni yuuni 2022 la. Hartmut Dorgerloh, ŋun daa n-nyɛ director n-ti Humboldt Forum shɛli din daa n laɣim Ethnological Museum of Berlin ka di lɛbi binyini la daa n yɛliya pɔhim zuɣu laɣingu shɛli puuni ni bɛ ni daa pun n gbaai gbaali shɛli ni bɛ zaŋ bronzes n wuhi ''museum complex'' pali shɛli din daa m be Berlin puuni la daa nyɛla &quot;bɛ ni ku tooi lahi n tɛhi n gbaai shɛli&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Hickley |first1=Catherine |title=Germany moves towards full restitution of Benin bronzes |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/germany-moves-towards-full-restitution-of-benin-bronzes |access-date=23 March 2021 |work=The Art Newspaper |date=22 March 2021 |archive-date=23 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323005505/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/germany-moves-towards-full-restitution-of-benin-bronzes |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Effort to Return Benin Bronzes to Africa Remains Ongoing Challenge|first=Marthe|last=van der Wolf|date=6 April 2021|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/europe_effort-return-benin-bronzes-africa-remains-ongoing-challenge/6204218.html|access-date=13 July 2021|website=Voice of America|language=en|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713102759/https://www.voanews.com/europe/effort-return-benin-bronzes-africa-remains-ongoing-challenge|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;   Yaha, silimin gɔli April yuuni 2021 puuni, the Church of England nima gba daa lo alikauli ni bɛ ni labisi Benin bronzes dibaa ayi shɛli bɛ ni daa n zaŋ n-ti lala saha maa Archbishop of Canterbury Robert Runcie pini yuuni 1982 la puuni na.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Dex|first=Robert|date=2021-04-12|title=Church of England to return Benin Bronzes as repatriation rows rumble on|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/exhibitions/church-england-return-benin-bronzes-repatriation-rows-b928330.html|access-date=2021-07-13|website=www.standard.co.uk|language=en|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713102452/https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/exhibitions/church-england-return-benin-bronzes-repatriation-rows-b928330.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lala bronzes nima ŋɔ daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa yɛn zaŋ shɛli n tuɣi ''Benin Royal Museum collection'' shɛŋa din daa na yɛn n kana nyavuya ni.{{update inline|date=October 2021}}  lala gɔli maa puuni, the Horniman Museum din m be South London la daa n yɛliya ni di daa nyɛla binshɛli din n tuhi ni bɛ labisi ka n yo bin pihinahi ni awei kpaŋmaŋa tuun'shɛŋa bɛ ni daa n kpuɣi Benin City puuni la, di bahi m bahindi Benin Bronzes nima pia ni anu la nima maa zaa sama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=London's Horniman Museum—home to 15 Benin bronzes—announces new 'transparent procedures' for looted object requests|url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/horniman-museum-policy-on-restitution|access-date=2021-07-13|website=www.theartnewspaper.com|first=Gareth|last=Holmes|date=7 April 2021|language=en|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713090651/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/horniman-museum-policy-on-restitution|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Bɛ ni daa n zaŋ shɛli n yo British Museum ni bi ni daa n zaɣisi ni bɛ labisi lala looted Benin bronzes la na n daa n-nyɛ the Iyase (''traditional prime minister'') of Benin Kingdom ni daa n pɔbigi bronze plaque zaɣ'karili shɛli din daa n-nyɛ silimin gɔli July  biɛɣu pihita dali, yuuni 2021 puuni dini la. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=BENIN|first=NTA BROADCAST|date=2021-08-09|title=UNVEILING OF LARGEST BRONZE PLAQUE IN BENIN|work=Nigerian Television Authority (NTA)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7Ed6tPT0Xo |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/_7Ed6tPT0Xo |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Omotayo|first=Joseph|date=2021-08-05|title=Young Nigerian man makes largest plaque in Benin kingdom, showcases it in video|url=https://www.legit.ng/1427613-young-nigerian-largest-plaque-benin-kingdom-showcases-video.html|access-date=2021-10-05|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005175748/https://www.legit.ng/1427613-young-nigerian-largest-plaque-benin-kingdom-showcases-video.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Owolabi|first1=Tife|last2=Shirbon|first2=Estelle|date=2021-09-22|title=Nigerians offer artworks to British Museum in new take on looted bronzes|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerians-offer-artworks-british-museum-new-take-looted-bronzes-2021-09-22/|access-date=2021-10-05|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005175746/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerians-offer-artworks-british-museum-new-take-looted-bronzes-2021-09-22/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lala ''plaque'' ŋɔ daa nyɛla din m mali 2 tons of brass laasabu ka daa nyɛ Iyase Lukas Osarobo Zeickner-Okoro yaansi la ni puuni yino ni daa m maali shɛli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Time Scape {{!}} Nigeria: Medical Student Turned Artist Immortalizes Great King Ewuare, Oba of Benin, Unveils Largest-Ever Benin Kingdom Bronze Plaque|url=https://www.timescapemag.com/posts/nigeria-medical-student-turned-artist-immortalizes-great-king-ewuare-oba-of-benin-unveils-largest-ever-benin-kingdom-bronze-plaque|access-date=2021-10-05|website=www.timescapemag.com|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005175748/https://www.timescapemag.com/posts/nigeria-medical-student-turned-artist-immortalizes-great-king-ewuare-oba-of-benin-unveils-largest-ever-benin-kingdom-bronze-plaque|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ daa m bolila ''The Return of Oba Ewuare'' ni di wuhi Benin nima yɛda ni reincarnation mini Oba Ewuare II saha puuni Benin Bronze Age labi pili. Di daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n zaŋ shɛli n-ti British Museum ka daa taɣi n deei bronzes shɛŋa din daa m be nimaani.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-09-23|title=Nigerian Artists Offer British Museum Swap|url=https://www.museumnext.com/article/nigerian-artists-offer-british-museum-swap/|access-date=2021-11-11|website=MuseumNext|language=en|archive-date=8 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108075242/https://www.museumnext.com/article/nigerian-artists-offer-british-museum-swap/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-09-22|title=Nigerian Contemporary Art is Being Offered in Exchange for the U.K. Benin Bronzes|url=https://observer.com/2021/09/nigerian-contemporary-art-is-being-offered-in-exchange-for-the-u-k-benin-bronzes/|access-date=2021-10-05|website=Observer|language=en-US|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005175747/https://observer.com/2021/09/nigerian-contemporary-art-is-being-offered-in-exchange-for-the-u-k-benin-bronzes/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Silimin gɔli October yuuni 2021 puuni, Jesus College nima daa yina n ti yɛli ni bɛ ni labisi ''sculpture of a cockerel'' shɛli sokam ni daa m mi Okukor la n-ti Nigeria nima di ni daa n-niŋ ka bɛ shukurubihi daa n wuhi di taarihi daa anfaani ni di ni nyɛ ''looted artefact'' maa n naai. Lala statue ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa n yihi shɛli n soɣi yuuni 2016 la puuni ka niriba daa bi lahi n nyari li bɛ ni daa ti n gbaai ni bɛ labisi li; lala kolaji ŋɔ ''Legacy of Slavery Working Party'' nima vihigu daa n wuhiya ni lala ''statue'' ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa n deei shɛli court of Benin maŋmaŋa nima sani pɔi ka kolaji ŋɔ shukuru bi'so ba daa naai n yi zaŋli n lɛbi pini n-ti ba yuuni 1905 puuni .&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian cockrel&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Khomami |first=Naomi |date=15 October 2021 |title=Cambridge college to be first in UK to return looted Benin bronze |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2021/oct/15/cambridge-college-to-be-first-uk-return-looted-benin-bronze |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20211015102501/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2021/oct/15/cambridge-college-to-be-first-uk-return-looted-benin-bronze |archive-date=15 October 2021 |access-date=15 October 2021 |website=theguardian.com |quote=&quot;We are indeed very pleased and commend Jesus College for taking this lead in making restitution for the plunder that occurred in Benin in 1897,&quot; said the oba of Benin, Omo N'Oba N’Edo Uku Akpolokpolo, Ewuare II. &quot;We truly hope that others will expedite the return of our artworks which in many cases are of religious importance to us. We wish to thank [Nigeria's] President Buhari and our National Commission for Museums and Monuments for their renewed efforts in securing the release of our artefacts on our behalf.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Silimin gɔli February yuuni 2022 puuni, University of Aberdeen nima ni daa n labisi Okukor mini lala bronze maa, Oba of Benin, Ewuare II daa n deei li la royal palace shɛli din m be Benin City puuni .&lt;ref name=&quot;Welle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Colonial-era looted art returned to Nigeria and Benin {{!}} DW {{!}} 20.02.2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/colonial-era-looted-art-returned-to-nigeria-and-benin/a-60845936 |access-date=2022-02-21 |website=Deutsche Welle |language=en-GB |archive-date=21 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221123955/https://www.dw.com/en/colonial-era-looted-art-returned-to-nigeria-and-benin/a-60845936 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Silimin gɔli December yuuni 2022 puuni, University of Cambridge nima daa n yihila Benin artefacts din kalinli daa n yaɣi kɔbiga ka daa m be bɛ Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology la puuni n tahi NCMM. Ninvuɣ'so ŋun yɛri n-tiri museum maa daa yɛliya ni di shɛŋa daa yɛn n kpalimla Cambridge &quot;''on extended loan''&quot; din yɛn wuhi ni &quot;west Africa nima ninvuɣ'shɛba ban nina nehi ŋɔ na m be lala museum ŋɔ ''displays'' nima puuni mini shikuru bihi wuhibu shee&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-12-14 |title=Cambridge University to return over 100 looted Benin bronzes to Nigeria |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/dec/14/cambridge-university-to-return-over-100-looted-benin-bronzes-to-nigeria |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=The Guardian |language=en |archive-date=18 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218162152/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/dec/14/cambridge-university-to-return-over-100-looted-benin-bronzes-to-nigeria |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Hali ni silimin gɔli February yuuni 2025 puuni, bɛ na kuli m bela soli ni bɛ zaŋ lala statues nima ŋɔ n tahi Nigeria.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |first1=Craig |last1=Simpson |first2=Ben |last2=Farmer |title=Cambridge under pressure to return Benin Bronzes as Nigeria promises museum display |date=26 February 2025 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2025/02/26/cambridge-under-pressure-to-hand-back-benin-bronzes-nigeria/ |website=The Telegraph |access-date=17 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Silimin gɔli November yuuni 2021 puuni, bɛ ni m boli shɛba ni Metropolitan Museum of Art la nima daa n yihila ''two sixteenth-century Bronze plaques'', ''Warrior'' ''Chief'' ''and Junior Court Official'', n tahi n ti n-ti NCMM nima.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-11-22 |title=The Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Nigerian National Commission for Museums and Monuments Gather to Mark the Transfer of Three Works of Art to the Nigerian National Collections |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/press/news/2021/the-met-and-ncmm-mou |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=www.metmuseum.org |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227133021/https://www.metmuseum.org/press/news/2021/the-met-and-ncmm-mou |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bɛ lala niŋsim ŋɔ nyɛla din n yi di ko ka che bɛ mini ba ni gbaai ni bʋ labisi shɛŋa la domin ''160 Benin Bronzes collection'' sama n na n doli ba.{{citation needed|date=March 2025}} 

Silimin gɔli January yuuni 2022 puuni, bɛ ni m boli shɛli ni Great North Museum: Hancock ŋun daa m be [[Newcastle]], England la daa lo alikauli ni o ni labisi ''Benin Bronze stave'' n tahi n ti n-ti Nigeria nima.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-01-12|title=Newcastle's Hancock museum to repatriate Benin Bronze stave|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-59964386|access-date=13 January 2022|archive-date=13 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113082424/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-59964386|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Silimin gɔli March yuuni 2022 puuni, Smithsonian Institution nima daa yina n ti yɛli ni bɛ nyɛla ban yɛn n labisi bronzes bin pihita ni awei shɛli bɛ ni daa m mali niiya ni bɛ zaŋ n wuhi salo National Museum of Benin City puuni la.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=McGlone |first=Peggy |date=8 March 2022 |title=Smithsonian to give back its collection of Benin bronzes |newspaper=[[Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2022/03/08/smithsonian-benin-bronzes-nigeria-return/ |access-date=9 March 2022 |archive-date=8 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308232359/https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2022/03/08/smithsonian-benin-bronzes-nigeria-return/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Frum |first=David |date=2022-09-14 |title=Who Benefits When Western Museums Return Looted Art? |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2022/10/benin-bronzes-nigeria-return-stolen-art/671245/ |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=The Atlantic |language=en |archive-date=21 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021173357/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2022/10/benin-bronzes-nigeria-return-stolen-art/671245/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Lala Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of African Art nima daa nyɛla ban n dihi nuu din wuhiri ni bɛ nyɛla ban n yihi Benin bronzes bin pishi ni awei bɛ sulinsi puuni n-ti NCMM nima silimin gɔli October biɛɣu pia ni yini dali, yuuni 2022 puuni, Nigerian kpamba mini cultural officials nima nin'baŋsi puuni; yaha, lala saha maa puuni bɛ ni m boli shɛba ni the National Gallery of Art nima la daa nyɛla ban gba daa n labisi Benin bronze yinga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 October 2022 |title=Smithsonian Returns 29 Benin Bronzes to the National Commission for Museums and Monuments in Nigeria |url=https://www.si.edu/newsdesk/releases/smithsonian-returns-29-benin-bronzes-national-commission-museums-and-monuments |website=Smithsonian |access-date=30 April 2023 |archive-date=30 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430160547/https://www.si.edu/newsdesk/releases/smithsonian-returns-29-benin-bronzes-national-commission-museums-and-monuments |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=U. S. Mission |date=2022-10-17 |title=30 Benin bronzes returned to Nigeria |url=https://ng.usembassy.gov/30-benin-bronzes-returned-to-nigeria/ |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=U.S. Embassy and Consulate in Nigeria |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Silimin gɔli July yuuni 2022 puuni, Germany daa yina n ti yɛli bɛ ni daa yɛn n yihi 1,100 artefacts shɛŋa din daa m be m be Linden Museum din m be Stuttgart puuni, Humboldt Forum din m be Berlin tingbani puuni, the Rautenstrauch-Joest Museum din m be Cologne, the Museum am Rothenbaum din m be Hamburg puuni, n ti pahi ''the State Ethnographic Collections of Saxony'' nima puuni. Ŋanima zaa labisibu nima na daa nyɛla lala German museums nima mini Nigeria gɔmdanti ni daa n gbaai shɛli ni &quot;representative collection of objects&quot; shɛŋa bɛ ni daa n zaŋ n zali mi di kpalim Germay long-term loan puuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/01/germany-hands-over-two-benin-bronzes-to-nigeria?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other | title=Germany hands over two Benin bronzes to Nigeria | website=[[TheGuardian.com]] | date=July 2022 | access-date=1 July 2022 | archive-date=1 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701130702/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/01/germany-hands-over-two-benin-bronzes-to-nigeria?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-to-return-looted-artifacts-to-africa/a-62300419 | title=Germany to return looted artifacts to Africa &amp;#124; DW &amp;#124; 29.06.2022 | website=[[Deutsche Welle]] | access-date=1 July 2022 | archive-date=1 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701130702/https://www.dw.com/en/germany-to-return-looted-artifacts-to-africa/a-62300419 | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Silimin gɔli November biɛɣu pishi mi anii dali, yuuni 2022 puuni, London Horniman Museum nima daa n ʒinila ʒinahigu ni bɛ n labisi Benin Bronzes  shɛŋa bɛ mi m mali ka di nyɛ Nigeria nima dini n-ti ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/story/moral-and-appropriate-museum-begins-return-of-artefacts-looted-by-british-troops-12757670|title='Moral and appropriate': Museum begins return of artefacts looted by British troops|website=Sky News|date=29 November 2022|access-date=29 November 2022|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129060543/https://news.sky.com/story/moral-and-appropriate-museum-begins-return-of-artefacts-looted-by-british-troops-12757670|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/nov/28/london-museum-returns-looted-benin-city-artefacts-to-nigeria|title=London museum returns looted Benin City artefacts to Nigeria|website=The Guardian|last=Sherwood|first=Harriet|date=28 November 2022|access-date=29 November 2022|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129003538/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/nov/28/london-museum-returns-looted-benin-city-artefacts-to-nigeria|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/art/what-to-see/wellcome-collection-closes-medicine-man-exhibition-universal/|title=Is the 'world museum' doomed?|website=The Telegraph|last=Sooke|first=Alistair|date=29 November 2022|access-date=29 November 2022|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129072121/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/art/what-to-see/wellcome-collection-closes-medicine-man-exhibition-universal/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Kundivihira ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:AfroCuration 2025]]
[[Pubu:Lahabaya zaa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dagbani Wikimedians User Group/Art and Feminism Edit-a-thon 2025</title>
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        <username>Alhaj Darajaati</username>
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      <comment>Added a link</comment>
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      <text bytes="4244" sha1="24ob9ykqio4908hcyjhqbewandqhrvh" xml:space="preserve">== Articles to be created ==
# [[Mary Eshun]]
# [[Adwoa Badoe]]
# [[Elizabeth-Irene Baitie|Elizebeth-Irene Baitie]]
# [[:en:Roseanne_A._Brown|Roseane A. Brown]]
# [[Margaret Busby]]
# [[Abena Busia]]
# [[Empi Baryeh]]
# [[Gladys May Casely-Hayford]]
# [[Rita Akoto Coker]]
# [[Meri Nana-Ama Danquah]]
# [[Amma Darko]]
# [[Nana Awere Damoah]]
# [[Peace Adzo Medie]]
# [[Dayan Kodua]]
# [[Portia Dery]]
# [[:en:Peggy_Cripps|Peggy Cripps]]
# [[Kate Abban]]
# [[Nicole Amarteifio]]
# [[Sylvia Arthur]]
# [[Elizabeth-Irene_Baitie]]
# [[Helena_Asamoah-Hassan]]
# [[Empi_Baryeh]]
# [[Abena_Busia]]
# [[:en:Eunice_Attakora-Manu|Eunice Attakora-Manu]]
# [[:en:Efemia_Chela|Efemia Chela]]
# [[:en:Boakyewaa_Glover|Boakyewaa Glover]]
# [[:en:Kuukua_Eshun|Kuukua Eshun]]
# [[:en:Anna_Gifty_Opoku-Agyeman|Anna Gifty Opoku-Agyeman]]
# [[:en:Mercy_Adoma_Owusu-Nimoh|Mercy Adoma Owusu-Nimoh]]
# [[:en:Nana_Darkoa_Sekyiamah|Nana Darkoa Sekyiamah]]
# [[:en:Mary_Spio|Mary Spio]]
# [[Sandister Tei]]
# [[:en:Karen_Aabye|Karen Aabye]]
# [[Uma Aaltonen]]
# [[Jane Aamund]]
# [[Jane Aaron]]
# [[Madiha Abdalla]]
# [[Masoumeh Abad]]
# [[Mercedes Abad]]
# [[Ines Abassi]]
# [[Florencia Abbate]]
# [[Eleanor Hallowell Abbott]]
# [[Rachel Abbott]]
# [[Shaila Abdullah]]
# [[:en:Yassmin_Abdel-Magied|Yassmin Abdel-Magied]]
# [[:en:Hafsat_Abdulwaheed|Hafsat Abdulwaheed]]
# [[:en:Rreze_Abdullahu|Rreze Abdullahu]]
# [[:en:Louise_Abeita|Louise Abeita]]
# [[:en:Victorina_A._Abellanosa|Victorina A. Abellanosa]]
# [[:en:Josette_Abondio|Josette Abondio]]
# [[:en:Sara_Aboobacker|Sara Aboobacker]]
# [[:en:Marguerite_Abouet|Marguerite Abouet]]
# [[Liela Aboulela|Leila Aboulela]]
# [[:en:Leila_Abouzeid|Leila Abouzeid]]
# [[:en:Abiola_Abrams|Abiola Abrams]]
# [[:en:Liliana_Abud|Liliana Abud]]
# [[Umayya Abu-Hanna]]
# [[Susan Abulhawa]]
# [[Lama Abu-Odeh]]
# [[Juliet Ace]]
# [[Nora Aceval]]
# [[Maria Dolores Acevedo]]
# [[Anna Maria Achenrainer]]
# [[:en:Catherine_Obianuju_Acholonu|Catherine Obianuju Acholonu]]
# [[Kathy Acker]]
# [[Maximiliane Ackers]]
# [[:en:Bertilda_Samper_Acosta|Bertilda Samper Acosta]]
# [[OFELIA URIBE DE ACOASTA|Ofelia Uribe de Acosta]]
# [[Soledad Acosta]]
# [[Eliza Acton]]
# [[Joyce Ackroyd]]
# [[Avis Acres]]
# [[:en:Angelina_Acuña|Angelina Acuña]]
# [[:en:Dora_Acuña|Dora Acuña]]
# [[:en:Rosario_de_Acuña|Rosario de Acuña]]
# [[Alma Flor Ada]]
# [[Barbara Adair]]
# [[Varsha Adalja]]
# [[Juliette Adam]]
# [[Pip Adam]]
# [[Gabriela Adameșteanu]]
# [[:en:Draginja_Adamović|Draginja Adamović]]
# [[Abigail Adams]]
# [[:en:Glenda_Adams|Glenda Adams]]
# [[Lois Bryan Adams]]
# [[Mary Mathews Adams]]
# [[Patricia J. Adams]]
# [[Sarah Fuller Flower Adams]]
# [[Patsy Adam-Smith]]
# [[Catherine Adamson]]
# [[Gil Adamson]]
# [[Alison Adburgham]]
# [[:en:Fleur_Adcock|Fleur Adcock]]
# [[Caroline Adderson]]
# [[Yda Addis]]
# [[Lucia H. Faxon Additon]]
# [[Kim Addonizio]]
# [[Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi]]
# [[Ayọ̀bámi Adébáyọ̀]]
# [[Sade Adeniran]]
# [[Anne-Marie Adiaffi]]
# [[Opal Palmer Adisa]]
# [[Akachi Adimora-Ezeigbo]]
# [[Halide Edib Adıvar]]
# [[Zoe Adjonyoh]]
# [[Carine Adler]]
# [[Emma Adler]]
# [[Renata Adler]]
# [[Sophie Adlersparre]]
# [[Etel Adnan]]
# [[Pilar Adón]]
# [[Wilna Adriaanse]]
# [[Ethel Afamado]]
# [[Gladys Afamado ]]
# [[Anastasia Afanasieva]]
# [[Janet Afary]]
# [[Mahnaz Afkhami]]
# [[Ishrat Afreen]]
# [[Vittoria Aganoor]]
# [[Smita Agarwal]]
# [[Sheetal Agashe]]
# [[Patience Agbabi]]
# [[Berthe-Evelyne Agbo]]
# [[Charlotte Agell]]
# [[Adalet Ağaoğlu]]
# [[Süreyya Ağaoğlu]]
# [[Pinky Agnew]]
# [[Kelli Russell Agodon]]
# [[Marjorie Agosín]]
# [[Gerty Agoston]]
# [[Marie d'Agoult]]
# [[Agripina Samper Agudelo]]
# [[Brígida Agüero]]
# [[Josefa Toledo de Aguerri]]
# [[Grace Aguilar ]]
# [[Mila D. Aguilar]]
# [[Anna Aguilar-Amat]]
# [[Francisca Aguirre]]
# [[Mirta Aguirre]]
# [[Milena Agus]]
# [[Ucu Agustin]]
# [[Delmira Agustini]]
# [[Freda Ahenakew]]
# [[:en:Cecelia_Ahern|Cecelia Ahern]]
# [[:en:Catharina_Ahlgren|Catharina Ahlgren]]
# [[Pegah Ahmadi ]]
# [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimoza_Ahmeti Mimoza Ahmeti]
# [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Aiken Joan Aiken]
# [[:en:Sarona_Aiono-Iosefa|Sarona Aiono-Iosefa]]
# [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miriam_Akavia Miriam Akavia]</text>
      <sha1>24ob9ykqio4908hcyjhqbewandqhrvh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>African Union</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>32008</id>
    <revision>
      <id>115024</id>
      <parentid>114654</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-09T13:43:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdul Rahman Abdul Kudus</username>
        <id>5829</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>n yihiya linki</comment>
      <origin>115024</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="98214" sha1="nek4hpgfvkpla6gv303o8rdl2zhpg3h" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Continental union of African states}}
{{For|the predecessor organisation|Organisation of African Unity}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox geopolitical organisation
| conventional_long_name = African Union
| native_name            = {{Name in various languages
 | name = {{nobold|''(in other official languages)''}}
 | ar = الاتحاد الأفريقي
 | fr = Union africaine
 | pt = União Africana
 | es = Unión Africana
 | sw = Umoja wa Afrika
 }}
| linking_name           = the African Union
| image_flag             = Flag of the African Union.svg
| alt_flag               = Flag of the African Union
| alt_symbol             = 
| symbol_width           = 85px
| motto                  = &quot;A United and Strong Africa&quot;
| anthem                 = &quot;[[Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html |title=African Union anthem, etc |publisher=Africamasterweb.com |access-date=26 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915041714/http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html | archive-date=15 September 2015 | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{center|}}{{Align|center| |style=margin-top:0em}}
| image_map              = Map of the African Union with Suspended States.svg
| alt_map                = An [[Orthographic projection (cartography)|orthographic projection]] of [[Earth|the world]], highlighting the African Union and its member states (green).
| map_width              = 220px
| map_caption            = {{legend2|#2A5C2B|Member states}}&lt;br /&gt;{{legend2|#00D500|Suspended states}}
| org_type               = [[Continental union]]
| membership_type        = Membership
| membership             = {{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
 |title = [[Member states of the African Union|55 member states]]
|{{flag|Algeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Angola|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Benin|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Botswana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Burkina Faso|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp|Suspended}}
|{{flag|Burundi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cameroon|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cape Verde|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Central African Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Chad|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Comoros|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Djibouti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Egypt|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eritrea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eswatini|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ethiopia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Gabon|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Gambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ghana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Guinea|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ivory Coast|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kenya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Lesotho|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Liberia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Libya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Madagascar|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Malawi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mali|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Mauritania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mauritius|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Morocco|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mozambique|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Namibia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Niger|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Nigeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Rwanda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sahrawi Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Senegal|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Seychelles|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sierra Leone|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Somalia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Africa|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Sudan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sudan|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Tanzania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Togo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Tunisia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Uganda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zimbabwe|size=23px}}
}}
{{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
|title = 9 observer states
|{{flag|Haiti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kazakhstan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Latvia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mexico|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Palestine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Serbia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Turkey|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ukraine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates|size=23px}}
}}
| admin_center_type      = Political centres
| admin_center           = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Addis Ababa]]&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;}} |{{nowrap|[[Johannesburg]]&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;}}}}
| largest_settlement_type = urban agglomerations
| largest_city           = 
| largest_settlement     = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Cairo]]}} |{{nowrap|[[Lagos]]}}}}
| languages_type         = Official languages
| languages              = {{hlist | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] | [[English language|English]] | [[French language|French]] | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]]  | [[Swahili language|Swahili]] | and any other [[Languages of Africa|African language]]&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;}}
| demonym                = African
| leader_title1          = [[Chairperson of the African Union|Chairperson]]
| leader_name1           = [[João Lourenço]]
| leader_title2          = [[Chairperson of the African Union Commission|Commission Chairperson]]
| leader_name2           = [[Mahamoud Ali Youssouf]]
| leader_title3          = [[Pan-African Parliament#Presidents of the Pan-African Parliament|Parliamentary President]]
| leader_name3           = [[Fortune Z. Charumbira]]
| legislature            = [[Pan-African Parliament]]
| established_event1     = [[Organisation of African Unity|OAU Charter]]
| established_date1      = 25 May 1963
| established_event2     = [[Abuja Treaty]]
| established_date2      = 3 June 1991
| established_event3     = [[Sirte Declaration]]
| established_date3      = 9 September 1999
| established_event4     = African Union founded
| established_date4      = {{start date and age|2002|07|09}}
| established_event5     = [[History of South Sudan|Admission of]] [[South Sudan]]
| established_date5      = 9 July 2011
| established_event6     = [[Member states of the African Union|Admission of]] [[Morocco]]
| established_date6      = 31 January 2017
| established_event7     = [[African Continental Free Trade Area]] (AfCFTA)
| established_date7      = 1 January 2021
| area_km2               = 29,922,059&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2016&quot;&gt;Corresponds to the terrestrial surface. Including the [[Exclusive Economic Zones]] of each member state, the total area is 43 434 569&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 1,494,988,668{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $8.990 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO/WEOWORLD/IDN/AFQ.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668%2C672%2C612%2C614%2C674%2C676%2C678%2C682%2C684%2C638%2C686%2C688%2C616%2C728%2C748%2C618%2C624%2C692%2C694%2C622%2C626%2C628%2C632%2C636%2C634%2C662%2C611%2C714%2C716%2C469%2C722%2C642%2C643%2C718%2C724%2C734%2C644%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C652%2C732%2C656%2C654%2C738%2C742%2C744%2C746%2C664%2C754%2C666%2C698&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |access-date=8 February 2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714135232/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668,672,612,614,674,676,678,682,684,638,686,688,616,728,748,618,624,692,694,622,626,628,632,636,634,662,611,714,716,469,722,642,643,718,724,734,644,726,646,199,648,733,652,732,656,654,738,742,744,746,664,754,666,698&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,LP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion|Excluding Western Sahara due to lack of data}}
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2024
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $6,330&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal            = {{decrease}} $2.81 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion}}
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2024
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{decrease}} $1,960&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.577
| HDI_year               = 2020
| cctld                  = [[.africa]]
| footnotes              = {{unbulleted list |&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[African Union Commission]]. |&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[Pan-African Parliament]].}}
| official_website       = {{URL|https://au.int}}
| area_rank              = 
| today                  = 
}}

'''African Union''' ('''AU''') nyɛla tiŋgbani bɔbugu laɣingu zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu&lt;ref name=&quot;UIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100033436 |url-access= |title=African Union (AU) |author1=Staff writer |year=2025 |department=UIA Global Civil Society Database |website=uia.org |publisher=[[Union of International Associations]] |agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online |location=Brussels, Belgium |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date=8 January 2025 |via= |quote= |trans-quote= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Member States AU-UN |url=https://www.africanunion-un.org/memberstates |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka nyɛ din be [[Africa]]. AU nyɛla bɛ ni daa niŋ shɛli laɣngu [[Sirte Declaration]] din be Sirte, Libya Silimiin goli September yuuni 1999, ka bɛ niya daa nyɛ bɛ kpa African Union. Bɛ daa piligi li Silimiin goli July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002  [[Durban]], [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_&amp;_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union,%209%20July%202002.htm |title=Launch of the African Union, 9 July 2002: Address by the chairperson of the AU, President Thabo Mbeki |first=Thabo |last=Mbeki |date=9 July 2002 |publisher=africa-union.org |location=ABSA Stadium, Durban, South Africa |access-date=8 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503210549/http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_%26_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union%2C%209%20July%202002.htm |archive-date=3 May 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ daa mali lala niya ni AU nyɛla di ni tooi zani [[Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU) zani, di nyɛla bɛ ni daa kpa shɛli Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1963 ka di ni daa piligi shɛli nyɛ [[Addis Ababa]], gomnantinima pihita ni ayi nyɛ ban daa dihi bɛ nuhi gbana zuɣu zaŋ n-ti li; OAU ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa kari shɛli Silimiin goli  July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002 [[Durban]], [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;/&gt; 

African Union ŋɔ nyɛla din mali salo ban kalinli gari 1.3 &quot;billion&quot; ka di tiŋgbani galisim paai kamani  {{convert|30|e6km2|e6sqmi|sigfig=2|abbr=unit}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Manboah-Rockson |first1=Joseph |title=Politics &amp; the Struggle for Democracy in Ghana: An Introduction to Political Science |date=23 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Balli shɛŋa din be di ni nyɛ  [[Arabic]], [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], n-ti pahi [[Swahili language|Swahili]].&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://au.int/en/about/languages |title=AU Languages |access-date=2 May 2021 |publisher=African Union |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407001442/https://au.int/en/about/languages |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

[[G20]] (Group of 20) laɣingu din daa niŋ [[New Delhi]], [[India]] yuuni 2023, African Union nyɛla ban daa kpɛ G20.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=September 9, 2023 |title=African Union made permanent member of G20 at Delhi summit |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/09/african-union-made-permanent-member-of-g20-at-delhi-summit |access-date=December 12, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Overview ==
African Union niyanima n-nyɛ:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Constitutive Act|url=https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415235637/https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|archive-date=15 April 2020|access-date=2 May 2021|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;

# Di ʒi nangbanyini din mali yaa na, taba laɣimbu ni Africa tinsi mini [[Africa|African]] tingbana taba puu biɛri taba zuɣu.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi maŋsulinsi, tiŋgbana taba shebu ni tiŋgbani din kam be din ni maŋsulinsi.
# Ni di kpaŋsi siyaasa mini biɛhigu-daabiligu laɣimbu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋgbana taba sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 November 2024|title=Evolution of Geopolitical Dynamics in Africa|url=https://www.guambia.com.uy/67/evolution-of-geopolitical-dynamics-in-africa/2312/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=Guambia}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The New Power Play in Africa: Russia, China, and the Shifting Sands of Influence|url=https://kcsgroup.com/the-new-power-play-in-africa-russia-china-and-the-shifting-sands-of-influence/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=KCS Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ni di kpaŋsi ka gu ka taɣi [[Africa|African]] zaashee zaŋ chaŋ bɛ suhuyurilim polo di tiŋgbani yaɣa mini di niriba sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi daabiligu tiŋgban sunsuuni, ka mali [[Charter of the United Nations]] mini [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] tumdi tuma.
# Ni di kpaŋsi suhudoo, niriba gubu, ni tiŋgbani yaɣa zanibu chibi.
# Ni di kmpaŋsi maŋsulinsi zalisi, ni gɔmnanti tali din niŋ dede.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi ninsalinima mini niriba fukumsi din be [[African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights]] ni mini &quot;[[International human rights instruments|human rights instruments]]&quot; yaɣa din niŋ talahi.
# Ni di zali zalisi din kpa talahi ka che ka tiŋgbani yaɣa maa tumdi di tuma dunia daabiligu ni ni shaawara gbaabu tiŋgbana sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim din nyɛ soha-biɛɣuni dini zaŋti daabiligu,biɛhigu ni kaya ni taɣada biɛhigu ni Africa daabiligu yaɣa zaŋ laɣim taba.
# Ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ninsalisili yaɣa kam n duhi biɛri suŋ Africanima sunsuuni.
# To coordinate and harmonise the policies between the existing and future [[Regional Economic Communities]] for the gradual attainment of the objectives of the Union.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim tiŋgbana yaɣa maa ni din dalim vihigu niŋbu, di bahi bahindi tabiibi mini tabiibi zaŋ tum tuma.
# Ni di mini tiŋgbana laɣim tum n-kpihim dɔriti din mali taɣibu mini alaafee kpaŋsibu tiŋgbana ni.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm Africa-union.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604051527/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm|date=4 June 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
{{Main|History of the African Union|History of Africa}}

African Union taarihi pilila &quot;'''First Congress of Independent African States&quot;''', din daa niŋ [[Accra]], [[Ghana]] bini din gbaai Anashaara goli April biɛɣu pinaanu zaŋ chaŋ biɛɣu pishinaayi yuuni 1958. Laɣingu maa niya daa nyɛla di kpa [[Africa Day]], n-ti tabili [[Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU), din daa kpa Anashaara goli May biɛɣu pishinaanu yuuni 1963, ni [[African Economic Community]] yuuni 1991.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210205406/http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may|date=10 December 2018}} South African History Online (SAHO), 15 May 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ansarisi maaniba daa ŋme nangbankpeeni ni OAU ka nuu timbu shɛli ninsalilnima fukumsi ni .&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2115736&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Reynolds|first=Paul|date=8 July 2002|title=African Union replaces dictators' club|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601025542/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|archive-date=1 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tɛha din tahi AU kpabu na nyɛla din daa labi niŋ nyɛvuli 1990s sunsuuni Libyan tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Muammar al-Gaddafi]] saha;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Adebajo|first=Adekeye|date=2011-08-26|title=Gaddafi: the man who would be king of Africa|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011605/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Guardian|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbana zuɣulana mini kpɛma zaŋti OAU daa yina ni [[Sirte Declaration]] (bɛ ni daa zaŋ Sirte, Libya yuli boli shɛli) Anashaara goli September dabaa awɔi yuuni 1999, ka daa ŋmeri kuŋ bɔri African Union nambu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-12-05|title=The African Union After Gaddafi|url=http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410172928/http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|archive-date=10 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 10, 2001|title=African leaders elect OAU boss|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414032647/https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-08-27|title=New Partnership for Africa's Development – NEPAD {{!}} Poverty Eradication|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419153619/https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html|archive-date=19 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=www.un.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

African Union suuna daa niŋla [[Durban]] Anashaara goli July dabaa awɔi yuuni 2002 ni di tuuli ʒia kuɣulana, South Africa tiŋgbani zuɣulana kuro [[Thabo Mbeki]], Assembly of the African Union tuuli yaɣili ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-11-18|title=The African Union is launched|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416010303/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|archive-date=16 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=Africa Renewal|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Assembly yaɣili din pahiri ayi daa niŋla [[Maputo]] yuuni 2003 ka din pahiri ata daa niŋ [[Addis Ababa]] Anashaara goli July dabaa ayɔbu yuuni 2004.

Tum yuuni 2010, African Union daa mali niya ni di kpa &quot;African [[space agency]]&quot; laɣim taba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=5 September 2010|title=Africa prepares to join the big boys in the space race|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116213335/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|archive-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=6 September 2012|title=Sudanese president calls for African space agency|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102203403/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|archive-date=2 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=11 September 2012|title=Africa eyes joint space agency|url=http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021070210/http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|archive-date=21 October 2013|access-date=21 October 2013|publisher=Phys.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Ezigbo|first1=Onyebuchi|last2=Okpara|first2=Lois|date=9 August 2010|title=AU to Establish African Space Agency|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212084442/http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|archive-date=12 February 2014|access-date=11 December 2015|publisher=All Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Barack Obama]] n daa nyɛ tuuli United States tiŋgbani zuɣulana ŋun ʒi gbana ni ka di alizama African Union ni Addis Ababa Anashaara goli July biɛɣu pihita yini ka dali yuuni 2015. O daa alizama dibu ni, o daa kpaŋsiya ni dunisnims laɣindi niŋdi daabiligu ka tabiri sɔŋdi shikuru baŋsim tooni chandi ni, ni lɛbiginsim mini dahi yɛligibu. Amaa, o daa lahi galim suhuyurilim ni ka tiŋgbani shɛŋa ni mini gɔmnantinima ban zaɣisi sheebu ni, ban bi galisi gaŋbu (n-ti tabili ninuɣ'shɛba ban be [[LGBT]] ni, adiininima mini laɣinsi zuliyanima ni) ni kɔriŋ fahili.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Carol E.|date=28 July 2015|title=Obama Becomes First U.S. President to Address African Union|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|url-status=live|access-date=29 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729094216/http://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|archive-date=29 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 July 2015|title=Remarks by President Obama to the People of Africa|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120220442/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|archive-date=20 January 2017|access-date=29 July 2015|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|via=[[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Treaties ===
{{AU evolution timeline}}

== Siyaasa ==

:
; Financial institutions

* [[African Central Bank]] – [[Abuja]], Nigeria
* [[African Investment Bank]] – [[Tripoli, Libya]]
* [[African Monetary Fund]] – [[Yaoundé]], Cameroon

Lala tuma duri ŋɔ na bi kpa; amaa, komitiinima ban be di kpabu ni nyɛla bɛ ni piigi shɛba. Lal n-nyɛli,  AU malila niya ni di diri laɣ'yini ([[Afro (currency)|Afro]]).

; Alaafee
: [[Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention]] (Africa CDC), daa kpala yuuni 2016 ka di suuna niŋ yuuni 2017. Di tuma du'zuɣuri be la Addis Ababa Ethiopia.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int-2017-01-31&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-01-31|title=Africa CDC Official Launch|url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630023917/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-date=30 June 2018|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb.int-2017-02-02&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-02-02|title=The African Union launches Africa CDC, a Continent-wide Public Health Agency|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180037/https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|work=[[Reliefweb]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc.gov-2017-07-27&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-07-27|title=Africa CDC: Improving Disease Detection and Emergency Response on the African Continent|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180936/https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Inspection visit to Africa CDC Headquarters building site|url=https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205114846/https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|archive-date=5 February 2022|access-date=2022-02-05|website=Africa CDC|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; Ninsalinima fukumsi
: [[African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights]], nyɛla din beni tum yuuni 1986, di be la [[African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights]] fukumsi ni (African Charter) amaa ka ni Constitutive Act of the African Union.
; Polo
: [[African Space Agency]] nyɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2023. Di tuma du'zuɣu be la Cairo.
; Yaa
: [[African Energy Commission]] daa nYɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2008, ka be Algiers.

=== Tiŋgbana din be din ni ===
{{Main|Member states of the African Union}}

[[Member states of the United Nations|UN member states]] din be Africa mini African islands zaa bela AU, ka nyɛ yaɣ'shɛli din tabi [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] (SADR). [[Morocco]] daa yila Organisation of African Unity ni yuuni 1984 ka di nyɛla SADR sulinsi ni ka di daa be, ka di tiŋgbani yaɣili [[Western Sahara]] daa zaŋli kpehi di maŋsulinsi ni.  AU daa lahi labi deei li Anashaara goli January biɛɣu pihita yuuni 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;worldbulletin&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=30 January 2017|title=Morocco rejoins African Union|publisher=Worldbulletin|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|url-status=usurped|access-date=31 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720013737/http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|archive-date=20 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Somaliland]], din nyɛ [[Somalia]] ni deei shɛli, daa sabi gbaŋ ti ni di kpe AU yuuni 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nelson&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Nelson, Elizabeth A.|title=Regional Politics and State Secession|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|year=2021|isbn=978-1-83910-377-3|pages=105}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mali nyɛla bɛ nin daa naa yihi shɛba African Union ni saha biɛla sunsuuni Anashaara goli 19 August 2020 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu niŋ naai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=African Union suspends Mali following coup|work=Agence France-Presse, Reuters|publisher=Deutsche Welle|url=https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913003040/https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|archive-date=13 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anashaara goli 9 October lala yuuni ŋɔ yaha, [[Peace and Security Council]] zaŋti African Union daa paai lala yihibu fukumsi ŋɔ Mali zuɣi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union lifts Mali's suspension imposed in the wake of coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009202811/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|archive-date=9 October 2020|access-date=2020-10-09|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Bɛ daa lahi labi zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa tiŋgbani maa zuɣu Anashaara goli June dahin yini dali yuuni 2021, di sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu ni daa lahi niŋ chira awɔi sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2 June 2021|title=African Union announces 'immediate suspension' of Mali after second coup|work=France 24, Reuters, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912141924/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lala fukumsi ŋɔ daa pani Guinea gba zuɣu African Union ni ANashaara goli September biɛɣu pia dali yuuni 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Alpha Condé]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=10 September 2021|title=African Union suspends Guinea after coup, as envoys arrive for talks|work=France 24, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912022912/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sudan gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pani shɛli zuɣu Anashaara goli 27 October 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmananti shee tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Abdalla Hamdok]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union suspends Sudan over coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027130242/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|archive-date=27 October 2021|access-date=2021-10-27|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Burkina Faso gba nyɛla lala fukumsi ŋɔ ni daa pani shɛli zuɣu African Union ni bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu Anashaara goli 31 January 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AU suspends Burkina Faso after coup as envoys head for talks|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062926/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|archive-date=23 December 2022|access-date=2022-01-31|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nige gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛba zuɣu Anashaara goli 22 August 2023 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣula [[Mohamed Bazoum]]; tum din saha ka [[2023 Nigerien crisis]] pili.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2023-08-22|title=African Union suspends participation of Niger following coup|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|url-status=live|access-date=2023-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906024202/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|archive-date=6 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gabon gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛli zuɣu 31 August 2023 bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmananti sheei [[Ali Bongo Ondimba]] nyaaŋa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Newspaper|first=The Peninsula|date=2023-08-31|title=African Union says to 'immediately suspend' Gabon after coup|url=https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902185942/http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|archive-date=2 September 2023|access-date=2023-08-31|website=thepeninsulaqatar.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{TOC limit|3}}


== Members ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{DZA}}
* {{AGO}}
* {{BEN}}
* {{BWA}}
* {{BFA}} (suspended)
* {{BDI}}
* {{CMR}}
* {{CPV}}
* {{CAF}}
* {{TCD}}
* {{COM}}
* {{COD}}
* {{COG}}
* {{DJI}}
* {{EGY}}
* {{GNQ}}
* {{ERI}}
* {{SWZ}}
* {{ETH}}
* {{GAB}}
* {{GMB}}
* {{GHA}}
* {{GIN}} (suspended)
* {{GNB}}
* {{CIV}}
* {{KEN}}
* {{LSO}}
* {{LBR}}
* {{LBY}}
* {{MDG}}
* {{MWI}}
* {{MLI}} (suspended)
* {{MRT}}
* {{MUS}}
* {{MAR}}
* {{MOZ}}
* {{NAM}}
* {{NER}} (suspended)
* {{NGA}}
* {{RWA}}
* {{SADR}}
* {{STP}}
* {{SEN}}
* {{SYC}}
* {{SLE}}
* {{SOM}}
* {{ZAF}}
* {{SSD}}
* {{SDN}} (suspended)
* {{TZA}}
* {{TGO}}
* {{TUN}}
* {{UGA}}
* {{ZMB}}
* {{ZWE}}
{{div col end}}

==== Observers ====
* {{HAI}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Haiti Will Not Join the African Union |url=https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |website=Haiti Hub |access-date=22 June 2023 |date=22 May 2016 |archive-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622142803/https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ISR}} (suspended as of February 2023)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|title=African Union says Israel's observer status suspended|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908195006/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |author=((i24NEWS)) |date=2022-02-06 |title=Israel dispute erupts at African Union summit |language=en |work=Ynetnews |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |access-date=2022-02-06 |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151241/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{KAZ}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstan's Observer status at the African Union: What Does It Mean for Africa? |url=https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=www.igd.org.za |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327081029/https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{LAT}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-01-11|url=http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|title=Latvia becomes observer to African Union|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia]]|website=www.mfa.gov.lv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918030201/http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|archive-date=18 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{MEX}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-06-18 |title=Chairperson Receives the Credentials of the First Permanent Observer of Mexico to the African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |website=au.int |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901115222/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|Palestine}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-05-27 |title=AU grants Palestine observer status |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |publisher=[[Egypt Independent]] |first=Fathya |last=el-Dakhakhni |website=egyptindependent.com |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=29 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229042151/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{SRB}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 January 2014|language=sr-latn|title=Mrkić na samitu u Adis Abebi|url=https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|website=b92.net|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=16 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071458/https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{TUR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-11 |title=What's driving Turkey's commercial &amp; military relations with Africa? |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en-US |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151227/https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{UKR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-06-22 |title=Ukraine has obtained the observer status in the African Union |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] |website=mfa.gov.ua |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071456/https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ARE}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chairperson Receives Credentials of the Permanent Observer of the United Arab Emirates. {{!}} African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=au.int |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151252/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== African Union tuma ====
{{Supranational African Bodies|align=right|size=500px}}Yuuni 1980 [[Lagos Plan of Action for the Development of Africa]] mini yuuni 1991 varisigu ni African Economic Community kpabu (bɛ ni lahi booni shɛli Abuja Treaty), daa yina ni tɛha din nyɛ [[Regional Economic Communities]] (RECs) kpabu ni niŋ binshɛli din yɛn laɣim Africa taba.&lt;ref&gt;See note on [https://web.archive.org/web/20040906140832/http://www.dfa.gov.za/docs/2003/au0815.htm The Role of the Regional Economic Communities (RECs) as the Building Blocks of the African Union] prepared by the South African Department of Foreign Affairs.&lt;/ref&gt;

Saha ŋɔ, RECs dibaa anii m-be AU. Din nima n-nyɛ:

* [[Arab Maghreb Union]] (AMU)
* [[Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa]] (COMESA)
* [[Community of Sahel-Saharan States]] (CEN-SAD)
* [[East African Community]] (EAC)
* [[Economic Community of Central African States]] (ECCAS)
* [[Economic Community of West African States]] (ECOWAS)
* [[Intergovernmental Authority on Development]] (IGAD)
* [[Southern Africa Development Community]] (SADC)&lt;ref&gt;Decision on the Protocol on Relations between the African Union and the Regional Economic Communities (RECs), Assembly/AU/Dec.166 (IX).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=President of Mauritania Elected as New Chairperson of AU|url=https://www.ena.et/web/eng/w/eng_4033947}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of chairpersons ==
{{main|Chairperson of the African Union}}
[[File:Jakaya Kikwete and Muammar al-Gaddafi, 12th AU Summit, 090202-N-0506A-678.jpg|thumb|left|[[Muammar Gaddafi]] embracing Tanzanian President [[Jakaya Kikwete|Kikwete]] after assuming the chairmanship]]
{{Clear|left}}

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-valign=top
|+Chairpersons of the African Union
|-
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Name
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Beginning of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|End of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Country
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Thabo Mbeki]]
|9 July 2002
|10 July 2003
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Joaquim Chissano]]
|10 July 2003
|6 July 2004
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Olusegun Obasanjo]]
|6 July 2004
|24 January 2006
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]]
|24 January 2006
|24 January 2007
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[John Kufuor]]
|30 January 2007
|31 January 2008
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Jakaya Kikwete]]
|31 January 2008
|2 February 2009
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Muammar al-Gaddafi]]
|2 February 2009
|31 January 2010
|{{flagdeco|Libya|1977}} [[Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|Libya]]
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Bingu wa Mutharika]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE60U05O20100131l Gaddafi fails in bid to remain African Union chair], Reuters, 31 January 2010 {{Dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20111230205627/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g8cvj3048f4WEB6UQuim80MKqhVA Malawi president takes over as AU president], AFP, 31 January 2010&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2010
|31 January 2011
|{{flag|Malawi|2010}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography According to the AU] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006153642/http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography |date=6 October 2011 }}, his official style is ''Son Excellence Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Président de la République, Chef de l'État et Président Fondateur du Parti Démocratique de Guinée Equatoriale'' {{in lang|fr}}. Retrieved 4 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2011
|29 January 2012
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Yayi Boni]]
|29 January 2012
|27 January 2013
|{{flag|Benin}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Hailemariam Desalegn]]
|27 January 2013
|30 January 2014
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz]]
|30 January 2014
|30 January 2015
|{{flag|Mauritania|1959}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Robert Mugabe]]
|30 January 2015
|30 January 2016
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Idriss Déby]]
|30 January 2016
|30 January 2017
|{{flag|Chad}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Alpha Condé]]
|30 January 2017
|28 January 2018
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Paul Kagame]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |title=President Paul Kagame, Elected as New Chairperson of the African Union for the year 2018 - African Union |website=au.int |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205134722/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|28 January 2018
|10 February 2019
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]]
|10 February 2019
|10 February 2020
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |title=South Africa takes over as AU chair: What to expect |website=aljazeera.com |access-date=12 February 2020 |archive-date=12 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212104846/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|10 February 2020
|10 February 2021
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Félix Tshisekedi]]
|10 February 2021
|5 February 2022
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Macky Sall]]
|5 February 2022
|18 February 2023
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Azali Assoumani]]
|18 February 2023
|17 February 2024
|{{flag|Comoros}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Ghazouani]]
|17 February 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|}

=== African Union summits ===
[[File:Niger, Niamey, Boulevard Mali Béro (2)(Rue IB-56).jpg|thumb|300px|left|Billboard in Niamey (Niger) announcing the 33rd AU Summit (2019)]]
{{Clear}}
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
|-
!width=155px| Session
! Host country
! Host city
! Date
! Theme
! Notes
|-
| 37th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|17 February 2024|format=d}}–{{dts|18 February 2024}}|| &quot;Educate and Skill Africa for the 21st Century&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://au.int/en/summit/37 | title=African Union &amp;#124; an Integrated, Prosperous and Peaceful Africa }}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 36th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|18 February 2023|format=d}}–{{dts|19 February 2023}}|| || 
|-
| 35th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 February 2022|format=d}}–{{dts|6 February 2022}}|| ||
|-
| 34th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|6 February 2021|format=d}}–{{dts|7 February 2021}}|| ||
|-
| 33rd&lt;ref name=development&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|title=The 33rd AU Summit kicks off with the 39th Session of the Permanent Representatives Committee &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121172202/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|9 February 2020|format=d}}–{{dts|10 February 2020}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|title=33rd AU Summit : Online accreditation for Journalists now open &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203234748/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;||&quot;Silencing the guns: creating conducive conditions for Africa's development&quot;&lt;ref name=development /&gt;||Agreement for [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]] to become operational in July 2020.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore /&gt; Agreements to reduce gender gap and inequality and to &quot;silence guns&quot; on the continent.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|title=South African President Cyril Ramaphosa elected African Union Chairperson as continent vows to 'silence the guns', boost trade and close gender gap|work=Today News Africa|access-date=2 May 2021|date=9 February 2020|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216015953/https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 12th Extraordinary Summit on [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]]&lt;ref name=extra12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705085754/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Niger}}||[[Niamey]]|| {{dts|4 July 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2019}} || &quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot; || Launch of the [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]]
|- 
| 32nd&lt;ref name=&quot;summit32&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=32nd AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/32 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806201405/https://au.int/en/summit/32 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|10 February 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|11 February 2019}}||&quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot;||
|-
| 11th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra11&gt;{{cite web |title=11th Extraordinary Summit Summary of Key Decisions |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |website=African Union |access-date=22 January 2020 |date=18 November 2018 |archive-date=22 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122180323/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 November 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|18 November 2018}}|| || Agreement reached on reorganisation AU Commission&lt;ref name=extra11 /&gt;
|-
| 31st&lt;ref name=&quot;summit31&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=31st AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/31 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708203337/https://au.int/en/summit/31 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mauritania}}||[[Nouakchott]]|| {{dts|25 June 2018|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra10&gt;{{cite web |title=10th Extraordinary Session of the Assembly on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708005309/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]]|| {{dts|17 March 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|21 March 2018}}|| &quot;Creating One African Market&quot; || Agreement reached on the AfCFTA
|-
| 30th&lt;ref name=summit30&gt;{{cite web |title=30th AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/30 |access-date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=22 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322020614/https://au.int/en/summit/30 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|29 January 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 29th&lt;ref name=summit29&gt;{{cite web |title=29th AU summit |date=5 July 2017 |url=https://au.int/en/summit/29 |access-date=15 November 2017 |archive-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116034051/https://au.int/en/summit/29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 June 2017|format=dm}} – {{dts|4 July 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; ||
|-
| 28th&lt;ref name=summit28&gt;{{cite web |title=28th AU summit |date=30 January 2017 |url=https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |access-date=31 January 2017 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202063411/https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2017|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; || Morocco rejoins the AU after 33 years
|-
| 27th&lt;ref name=summit27&gt;{{cite web |title=27th AU summit |date=July 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=7 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007033940/http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]] || {{dts|10 July 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|18 July 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot; || Launch of [[African Union Passport]]
|-
| 26th&lt;ref name=summit26&gt;{{cite web |title=26th AU summit |date=January 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/26 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=29 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929114302/http://au.int/en/summit/26 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot;||
|-
| [[Third India-Africa Forum Summit]] || {{flag|India}} || [[New Delhi]] || {{dts|26 October 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|29 October 2015}} || &quot;Reinvigorated Partnership—Shared Vision&quot; ||
|-
| 25th&lt;ref name=summit25&gt;{{cite web |title=25th AU summit |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002150945/http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=25th African Union Summit in Johannesburg – African Union Commission media information |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215016/http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Johannesburg]] || {{dts|7 June 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|15 June 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; || Featured Angelina Jolie&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=A Call for Global Support in Ending Women's Violence Done by Angelina Jolie |publisher=Newwatch NGR |url=http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |website=newswatchngr.com |date=February 2016 |access-date=23 February 2016 |archive-date=23 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223171129/http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 24th&lt;ref name=summit24&gt;{{cite web |title=24th AU summit |date=January 2015 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624103215/http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-date=24 June 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–Turkey Summit|| {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|19 November 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|21 November 2014}}|| &quot;A New Model of Partnership to Enhance a Sustainable Development and Integration of Africa&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Second Turkey-Africa Partnership Summit |date=November 2014 |url=http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225225133/http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Africa Turkey 2014 |date=November 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095901/http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 23rd&lt;ref name=summit23&gt;{{cite web |title=23rd AU summit |date=June 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709071223/http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-date=9 July 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|20 June 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|27 June 2014}}|| &quot;Year of Agriculture and food security&quot; ||
|-
| 22nd&lt;ref name=summit22&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd AU summit |date=January 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214161520/http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-date=14 February 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd Ordinary Session of the Summit of the African Union |date=January 2014 |url=http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214002039/http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-date=14 February 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2014}}|| &quot;Year Agriculture and food security, Marking 10th Anniversary of the Adoption of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP)&quot; ||
|-
| Extraordinary Summit on the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&lt;ref name=summiticc&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Extraordinary Summit on ICC |date=October 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220184942/http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-date=20 December 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]
| {{dts|11 October 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|12 October 2013}}|| &quot;Africa's Relationship with the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&quot; || This was in regards to the ICC's non-adherence to AU calls to drop certain charges against sitting leaders and claims that it was disproportionally targeting Africans.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |title=Kenya pushing for African split from International Criminal Court |newspaper=[[Irish Times]] |access-date=30 January 2014 |archive-date=28 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928170024/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 21st&lt;ref name=summit21&gt;{{cite web |title=21st AU summit |date=May 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701003301/http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-date=1 July 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|19 May 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|27 May 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; || 50th Anniversary of the Establishment of the [[Organisation of African Unity]]
|-
| 20th&lt;ref name=summit20&gt;{{cite web |title=20th AU summit |date=January 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509094507/http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-date=9 May 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 January 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|28 January 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; ||
|-
| Diaspora Summit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Global Africa Diaspora Summit |date=May 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916162142/http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-date=16 September 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Sandton, South Africa|Sandton]] || {{dts|23 May 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2012}}|| &quot;Towards the Realisation of a United and Integrated Africa and Its Diaspora&quot; ||
|-
| 19th&lt;ref name=summit19&gt;{{cite web |title=19th African Union (AU) Summit to be held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |date=June 2012 |url=http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002164755/http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|9 July 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|16 July 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| 18th&lt;ref name=summit18&gt;{{cite web |title=18th AU summit |date=January 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614120243/http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-date=14 June 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| [[17th Ordinary African Union Summit|17th]]&lt;ref name=summit17&gt;{{cite web |title=17th AU summit |date=June 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095847/http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{nowrap|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|23 June 2011|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2011}}|| &quot;Youth Empowerment for Sustainable Development&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–India Summit || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|20 May 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2011}}|| &quot;Enhancing partnership: shared vision&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=2nd Africa-India Forum Summit |date=May 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331174105/http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia |archive-date=31 March 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 16th&lt;ref name=summit16&gt;{{cite web |title=16th African Union summit |date=January 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090533/http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|24 January 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2011}}|| &quot;Towards Greater Unity and Integration through Shared Values&quot; ||
|-
| 15th&lt;ref name=summit15&gt;{{cite web |title=15th African Union summit |date=July 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909081209/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-date=9 September 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Uganda}}||[[Kampala]] || {{dts|19 July 2010|format=d}}–{{dts|27 July 2010}}|| &quot;Maternal, Infant, and Child Health and Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 14th&lt;ref name=summit14&gt;{{cite web |title=14th African Union summit |date=January 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122225/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2010|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2010}}|| &quot;Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Africa: Challenges and Prospects for Development&quot; ||
|-
| 13th&lt;ref name=summit13&gt;{{cite web |title=13th African Union summit |date=July 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040008/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|24 June 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 July 2009}}|| &quot;Investing in Agriculture for Economic Growth and Food Security&quot; ||
|-
| 12th&lt;ref name=summit12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th African Union summit |date=January 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040018/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|26 January 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 February 2009}}|| &quot;Infrastructure Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 11th&lt;ref name=summit11&gt;{{cite web |title=The 11th AU summit |date=July 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122200/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Egypt}}||[[Sharm el-Sheikh]] || {{dts|24 June 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2008}}|| &quot;Meeting the Millennium Development Goals on Water and Sanitation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th&lt;ref name=summit10&gt;{{cite web |title=The 10th African Union summit |date=January 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102035957/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2008}}|| &quot;Industrial Development of Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 9th&lt;ref name=summit9&gt;{{cite web |title=9th African Union summit |date=July 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040001/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ghana}}||[[Accra]] || {{dts|25 June 2007|format=dm}} – {{dts|6 July 2007}}|| &quot;Grand Debate on the Union Government&quot; ||
|-
| 8th&lt;ref name=summit8&gt;{{cite web |title=8th African Union summit |date=January 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806145357/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2007|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2007}}|| 1. &quot;Science, Technology and Scientific Research for Development&quot; &lt;br /&gt;2. &quot;Climate Change in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 7th&lt;ref name=summit7&gt;{{cite web |title=7th African Union summit |date=July 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806144655/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Gambia}}||[[Banjul]] || {{dts|25 June 2006|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2006}}|| &quot;Rationalisation of Recs and Regional Integration&quot; ||
|-
| 6th&lt;ref name=summit6&gt;{{cite web |title=6th African Union summit |date=January 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214191451/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-date=14 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Sudan}}||[[Khartoum]] || {{dts|16 January 2006|format=d}}–{{dts|24 January 2006}}|| &quot;Education and Culture&quot; ||
|-
| 5th&lt;ref name=summit5&gt;{{cite web |title=5th African Union summit |date=June 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224163231/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-date=24 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|28 June 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|29 June 2005}}|| ||
|-
| Extraordinary summit on UN Reform&lt;ref name=summitlist&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Summit |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215221812/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-date=15 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|4 August 2005}} || ||
|-
| 4th&lt;ref name=summit4&gt;{{cite web |title=4th African Union summit |date=January 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315081032/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-date=15 March 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Nigeria}}||[[Abuja]] || {{dts|24 January 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2005}}|| ||
|-
| 3rd&lt;ref name=summit3&gt;{{cite web |title=3rd African Union summit |date=July 2004 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207061226/http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-date=7 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|6 July 2004|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2004}}|| ||
|-
| 2nd&lt;ref name=summit2&gt;{{cite web |title=African Union Summit Maputo Mozambique |date=July 2003 |url=http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708083551/http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mozambique}}||[[Maputo]] || {{dts|2 July 2003|format=d}}–{{dts|12 July 2003}}|| ||
|-
| 1st&lt;ref name=summit1&gt;{{cite web |title=OAU/AU summit |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022142733/http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |archive-date=22 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Durban, South Africa|Durban]] || {{dts|28 June 2002}} – {{dts|10 July 2002}}|| &quot;Peace, Development and Prosperity: The African Century&quot; || Notable events include the launch of the African Union.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=1st AU summit: Documents and Speeches |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001222437/http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html| archive-date=1 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}


==== Africa–Caribbean relations ====
{{See also|Group of 77|Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States}}
[[Caribbean]] tiŋgbana pam nyɛla din kpuɣi niya ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ni [[Africa]] tiŋgbana. African Union lihirila Caribbean ka di nyɛ yaɣili din ni tooi pahi buyɔbu  &quot;Sixth Region&quot; tiŋgbana yaɣa din laɣim taba maa puuni.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/ African Union 6th Region Diaspora Headquarters to be established in Accompong, Jamaica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311035309/https://thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/|date=11 March 2023}}, 24 January 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;Caribbean tiŋgbani shɛŋa nyɛla Africa din yihi di maŋ pahi tuma yaɣa ni, n-ti tabili [[Barbados]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Lorna|title=Barbados inks MOU with African Export-Import Bank|url=https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717182615/https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|archive-date=17 July 2022|access-date=17 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[the Bahamas]] ni [[Guyana]], din zaa pahi [[African Export–Import Bank]] ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 December 2022|title=Barbados Parliament ratifies Partnership Agreement with Afreximbank, as Guyanaand Bahamas join CARICOM signatories|url=https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323124813/https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|archive-date=23 March 2023|access-date=10 September 2023|website=African Export-Import Bank}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaha, [[Caribbean Development Bank]] dihila laɣim tum gbana ni n-ti [[African Development Bank]] (AfDB).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/ AfDB, CDB move to deepen Africa, Caribbean cooperation, sign MoU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625194438/https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/|date=25 June 2022}}, June 18, 2022&lt;/ref&gt; [[Antigua and Barbuda]] gba niŋ zaɣa ni Africa mini Caribbean.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-01-09|title=Antigua Airways is airborne and ready to become the &quot;pride of the Caribbean&quot;|url=https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423231330/https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua News Room|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=jennelsa.johnson|date=2023-04-17|title=Government has not given up on Antigua Airways as company seeks to make comeback|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424072842/https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amaa, din nyɛla din ʒi yɛli muɣisira na tiŋgbana loobu ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-28|title=3 dead, 13 missing in Caribbean sinking; 14 Africans saved|url=https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531093832/https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|archive-date=31 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=AP NEWS|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-29|title=Tragedy at sea: Boat carrying African migrants from Antigua capsizes near St Kitts|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520064903/https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|archive-date=20 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-31|title=Fury as gov't says it bears no responsibility for migrant boat tragedy|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419124847/https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|archive-date=19 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Less than 600 West African migrants remain in Antigua {{!}} Loop Caribbean News|url=https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910051756/https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|archive-date=10 September 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Loop News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-07|title=The migrants stranded on an island they had not heard of|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822235248/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|archive-date=22 August 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=BBC News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-02-11|title=Antigua Government says no automatic citizenship for stranded Africans|url=https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423182748/https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=CNW Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{main|Africa–China relations}}

==== Africa–China relations ====
Yaɣ'yini din daabiligu be tooni [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC). [[Forum on China–Africa Cooperation]] nyɛla daabiligu balibu noiŋbu Africa tiŋgbana ni mini China.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|pages=56|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tum FOCAC zaŋ gɔhi taba ni yuuni 2012, African Union gab nyɛla din tim nuu ni tabi-sɔŋ ni, amaa  Africantingbana din be FOCAC na kuli nyɛla din zani ti di maŋa sahakam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|page=57|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Africa–EU relations ====
Zaŋ jendi European Commission polo, European Union's biɛhigu ni Africa nyɛla din kpa talahi. Tooni ha Africa-EU laɣim tum niya ni European Commission mini European External Action Service nyɛla din kahigi Joint Communication ni &quot;Towards a Comprehensive Strategy with Africa&quot;. Di buɣisila laɣim tum ni:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|date=2020-11-03|title=Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085246/https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=International Partnerships - European Commission|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 52020JC0004 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516184133/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|archive-date=16 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=eur-lex.europa.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Green Transition and Energy Access
* Digital Transformation
* Sustainable Growth and Jobs&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mobilising Investments for African structural sustainable transformation {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513082259/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|archive-date=13 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Strengthening Resilience, Peace, Security and Governance {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085847/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Peace, Security and Governance&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot; /&gt;
* Migration and Mobility&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Migration and mobility {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085848/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Lahabali_kɔligu:Eritrea_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg|thumb|[[South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011]]]]
In response to the ongoing [[Darfur conflict]] in Sudan, the AU has deployed 7,000 peacekeepers, many from Rwanda and Nigeria, to [[Darfur]]. While a donor's conference in Addis Ababa in 2005 helped raise funds to sustain the peacekeepers through that year and into 2006, in July 2006 the AU said it would pull out at the end of September when its mandate expires.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=28 June 2006|title=AU Darfur mission 'to end soon'|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826204932/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|archive-date=26 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Critics of the AU peacekeepers, including [[Eric Reeves]], have said these forces are largely ineffective due to lack of funds, personnel, and expertise. Monitoring a large area has made it even more difficult to sustain an effective mission. In June 2006, the [[United States Congress]] appropriated US$173&amp;nbsp;million for the AU force. Some, such as the [[Genocide Intervention Network]], have called for UN or [[NATO]] intervention to augment and/or replace the AU peacekeepers. The UN has considered deploying a force, though it would not likely enter the country until at least October 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Security Council Authorises Deployment of United Nations-African Union 'Hybrid' Peace Operation in Bid To Resolve Darfur Conflict|url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc9089.doc.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815184454/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/sc9089.doc.htm|archive-date=15 August 2007|access-date=26 November 2012|publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; The under-funded and badly equipped AU mission was set to expire on 31 December 2006 but was extended to 30 June 2007 and merged with the [[United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur]] in October 2007. In July 2009 the African Union ceased cooperation with the [[International Criminal Court]], refusing to recognise the international arrest warrant it had issued against Sudan's leader, [[Omar al-Bashir]], who was indicted in 2008 for [[War crime|war crimes]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=5 July 2009|title=African move on Bashir dismissed|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225224733/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The AU struggled to have a strategic role in the independence talks and the reconciliation process of [[South Sudan]], due to overwhelming interests of African and non-African powers, its influence is still limited and not consistent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Sulaiman|first=Abubkar o.|author2=Agoha, Ifeanyi Chuckwu|date=1 October 2013|title=South Sudan Negotiated Independence: A Critique of African Union's Role|journal=European Journal of Sustainable Development|volume=2|issue=3|pages=145–154|bibcode=2013EJSD....2..145S|doi=10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n3p145|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Clear}}

== Economy ==
{{main|Economy of the African Union}}

[[African Continental Free Trade Area|African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)]] nyɛla bɛ ni daa piligi shɛli ni tiŋgbana pihinu ni anahi tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu maa puuni ka di daabilim nyɛ din daa piligi Silimiin goli January dahin yini yuuni 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shendruk|first=Amanda|date=2020-12-31|title=The world's largest free trade area starts up on Jan. 1, 2021|url=https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|access-date=2021-01-04|website=Quartz|language=en|archive-date=4 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104075017/https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[African Export–Import Bank]], nyɛla din yɛn tabi sɔŋ ka bɛ piligi [[Pan-African Payment and Settlement System]]..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |title=Profile: African Union |date=1 July 2006 |access-date=10 July 2006 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060712034155/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |archive-date=12 July 2006 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Clear}}
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]]
(km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|title=The World Bank DataBank {{!}} Explore. Create. Share|website=databank.worldbank.org|access-date=4 February 2017|archive-date=7 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107162640/http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[List of countries by population|Population]]
{{UN_Population|Year}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |title=2015 Human Development Report |last=Office |first=Human Development Report |website=report.hdr.undp.org |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211223435/http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016 |title=The Fragile States Index 2016 {{!}} The Fund for Peace|website=fsi.fundforpeace.org|access-date=12 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204213240/http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016|archive-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2016 |last=e.V. |first=Transparency International |newspaper=transparency.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=30 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170130045244/http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/index/ |title=Index of Economic Freedom: Promoting Economic Opportunity and Prosperity by Country |website=www.heritage.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=29 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629215405/http://www.heritage.org/index/ |url-status=unfit }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016 |title=Vision of Humanity |website=static.visionofhumanity.org |access-date=12 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213091208/http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016|archive-date=13 February 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Press Freedom Index|WPFI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://rsf.org/en/ranking|title=2016 World Press Freedom Index {{!}} Reporters Without Borders|newspaper=RSF|access-date=12 February 2017|archive-date=1 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201195036/https://rsf.org/en/ranking|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |title=Democracy Index 2016 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224070253/http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |archive-date=24 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Country|Algeria}}
|2,381,741
|{{UN_Population|Algeria}}
|548,293,085,686
|13,823
|0.736
|78.3
|34
|50.06
|2.21
|41.69
|3.56
|-
|{{Country|Angola}}
|1,246,700
|{{UN_Population|Angola}}
|173,593,223,667
|6,938
|0.532
|90.5
|18
|48.94
|2.14
|39.89
|3.40
|-
|{{Country|Benin}}
|112,760
|{{UN_Population|Benin}}
|21,016,184,357
|1,932
|0.48
|78.9
|36
|59.31
|2.00
|28.97
|5.67
|-
|{{Country|Botswana}}
|566,730
|{{UN_Population|Botswana}}
|33,657,545,969
|14,876
|0.698
|63.5
|60
|71.07
|1.64
|22.91
|7.87
|-
|{{Country|Burkina Faso}}
|273,600
|{{UN_Population|Burkina Faso}}
|28,840,666,622
|1,593
|0.402
|89.4
|42
|59.09
|2.06
|22.66
|4.70
|-
|{{Country|Burundi}}
|25,680
|{{UN_Population|Burundi}}
|7,634,578,343
|300
|0.4
|100.7
|20
|53.91
|2.50
|54.10
|2.40
|-
|{{Country|Cape Verde}}
|4,030
|{{UN_Population|Cape Verde}}
|3,205,197,585
|6,158
|0.646
|71.5
|59
|66.46
|N/A
|19.82
|7.94
|-
|{{Country|Cameroon}}
|472,710
|{{UN_Population|Cameroon}}
|68,302,439,597
|2,926
|0.512
|97.8
|26
|54.18
|2.36
|40.53
|3.46
|-
|{{Country|Central African Republic}}
|622,980
|{{UN_Population|Central African Republic}}
|2,847,726,468
|581
|0.35
|112.1
|20
|45.23
|3.35
|33.60
|1.61
|-
|{{Country|Chad}}
|1,259,200
|{{UN_Population|Chad}}
|28,686,194,920
|2,044
|0.392
|110.1
|20
|46.33
|2.46
|40.59
|1.50
|-
|{{Country|Comoros}}
|1,861
|{{UN_Population|Comoros}}
|1,098,546,195
|1,393
|0.503
|83.8
|24
|52.35
|N/A
|24.33
|3.71
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Democratic Republic of the}}
|2,267,050
|{{UN_Population|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|56,920,935,460
|300
|0.433
|
|21
|46.38
|3.11
|50.97
|1.93
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Republic of the}}
|341,500
|{{UN_Population|Congo}}
|27,690,345,067
|5,993
|0.591
|92.2
|20
|42.80
|2.25
|35.84
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Djibouti}}
|23,180
|{{UN_Population|Djibouti}}
|2,911,406,226
|3,279
|0.47
|89.7
|30
|55.96
|2.29
|70.90
|2.83
|-
|{{Country|Egypt}}
|1,010,407
|{{UN_Population|Egypt}}
|1,173,000,000,000
|10,250
|0.69
|90.2
|34
|55.96
|2.57
|54.45
|3.31
|-
|{{Country|Equatorial Guinea}}
|28,050
|{{UN_Population|Equatorial Guinea}}
|32,317,928,931
|38,243
|0.587
|85.2
|N/A
|43.67
|1.94
|66.47
|1.70
|-
|{{Country|Eritrea}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |title=Eritrea |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121011902/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|101,000
|{{UN_Population|Eritrea}}
|8,845,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.391
|98.6
|18
|42.7
|2.46
|83.92
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Eswatini}}
|17,204
|{{UN_Population|Eswatini}}
|10,452,834,007
|8,122
|0.531
|87.6
|N/A
|59.65
|2.07
|52.37
|3.03
|-
|{{Country|Ethiopia}}
|1,104,300
|{{UN_Population|Ethiopia}}
|152,057,290,468
|1,530
|0.442
|97.2
|34
|51.52
|2.28
|45.13
|3.60
|-
|{{Country|Gabon}}
|257,670
|{{UN_Population|Gabon}}
|32,539,376,597
|18,860
|0.684
|72
|35
|58.96
|2.03
|32.20
|3.74
|-
|{{Country|Gambia, The}}
|10,120
|{{UN_Population|Gambia}}
|3,140,820,062
|1,578
|0.441
|86.8
|26
|57.14
|2.09
|46.53
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Ghana}}
|227,540
|{{UN_Population|Ghana}}
|108,393,071,924
|3,955
|0.579
|71.2
|43
|63.00
|1.81
|17.95
|6.75
|-
|{{Country|Guinea}}
|245,720
|{{UN_Population|Guinea}}
|14,316,884,358
|1,135
|0.411
|103.8
|27
|53.33
|2.15
|33.08
|3.14
|-
|{{Country|Guinea-Bissau}}
|28,120
|{{UN_Population|Guinea-Bissau}}
|2,521,743,682
|1,367
|0.42
|99.8
|16
|51.81
|2.26
|29.03
|1.98
|-
|{{Country|Ivory Coast}}
|318,000
|{{UN_Population|Ivory Coast}}
|74,916,780,423
|3,300
|0.462
|97.9
|34
|60.01
|2.28
|30.17
|3.81
|-
|{{Country|Kenya}}
|569,140
|{{UN_Population|Kenya}}
|133,592,522,053
|2,901
|0.548
|98.3
|26
|57.51
|2.38
|31.16
|5.33
|-
|{{Country|Lesotho}}
|30,360
|{{UN_Population|Lesotho}}
|5,914,437,068
|2,770
|0.497
|80.9
|39
|50.62
|1.94
|28.78
|6.59
|-
|{{Country|Liberia}}
|96,320
|{{UN_Population|Liberia}}
|3,533,313,381
|500
|0.43
|95.5
|37
|52.19
|2.00
|30.71
|5.31
|-
|{{Country|Libya}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya/ |title=Libya |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109235257/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,759,540
|{{UN_Population|Libya}}
|94,010,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|14,900&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.724
|96.4
|14
|N/A
|3.20
|57.89
|2.25
|-
|{{Country|Madagascar}}
|581,800
|{{UN_Population|Madagascar}}
|33,354,200,458
|1,376
|0.51
|84.2
|26
|61.06
|1.76
|27.04
|5.07
|-
|{{Country|Malawi}}
|94,280
|{{UN_Population|Malawi}}
|19,137,290,349
|1,112
|0.445
|87.6
|31
|51.8
|1.82
|28.12
|5.55
|-
|{{Country|Mali}}
|1,220,190
|{{UN_Population|Mali}}
|33,524,899,739
|1,905
|0.419
|95.2
|32
|56.54
|2.49
|39.83
|5.70
|-
|{{Country|Mauritania}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |title=Mauritania |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=7 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107034713/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,030,700
|{{UN_Population|Mauritania}}
|16,190,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|4,400&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.506
|95.4
|27
|54.8
|2.30
|24.03
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Mauritius}}
|2,030
|{{UN_Population|Mauritius}}
|23,817,914,134
|18,864
|0.777
|43.2
|54
|74.73
|1.56
|27.69
|8.28
|-
|{{Country|Morocco}}
|446,300
|{{UN_Population|Morocco}}
|257,398,957,178
|7,365
|0.628
|74.2
|37
|61.27
|2.09
|42.64
|4.77
|-
|{{Country|Mozambique}}
|786,380
|{{UN_Population|Mozambique}}
|31,326,751,237
|1,120
|0.416
|87.8
|27
|53.19
|1.96
|30.25
|4.02
|-
|{{Country|Namibia}}
|823,290
|{{UN_Population|Namibia}}
|24,043,436,006
|9,778
|0.628
|71.1
|52
|61.85
|1.87
|15.15
|6.31
|-
|{{Country|Niger}}
|1,266,700
|{{UN_Population|Niger}}
|17,857,377,171
|897
|0.348
|98.4
|35
|54.26
|2.24
|24.62
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Nigeria}}
|910,770
|{{UN_Population|Nigeria}}
|1,168,000,000,000
|5,639
|0.514
|103.5
|28
|57.46
|2.88
|35.90
|4.50
|-
|{{Country|Rwanda}}
|24,670
|{{UN_Population|Rwanda}}
|19,216,033,048
|1,655
|0.483
|91.3
|54
|63.07
|2.32
|54.61
|3.07
|-
|{{Country|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|960
|{{UN_Population|Sao Tome and Principe}}
|575,391,345
|3,023
|0.555
|72.9
|46
|56.71
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Senegal}}
|192,530
|{{UN_Population|Senegal}}
|34,398,281,018
|2,274
|0.466
|83.6
|45
|58.09
|1.98
|27.99
|6.21
|-
|{{Country|Seychelles}}
|460
|{{UN_Population|Seychelles}}
|2,384,515,771
|25,525
|0.772
|60.2
|N/A
|62.2
|N/A
|30.60
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sierra Leone}}
|72,180
|{{UN_Population|Sierra Leone}}
|9,511,431,824
|1,474
|0.413
|91
|30
|52.31
|1.81
|29.94
|4.55
|-
|{{Country|Somalia}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/ |title=Somalia |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=1 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701190026/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|627,340
|{{UN_Population|Somalia}}
|5,900,000,000&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|114
|10
|N/A
|3.41
|65.35
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|South Africa}}
|1,213,090
|{{UN_Population|South Africa}}
|742,461,000,000
|12,393
|0.666
|69.9
|45
|61.9
|2.32
|21.92
|7.41
|-
|{{Country|South Sudan}}
|619,745
|{{UN_Population|South Sudan}}
|21,484,823,398
|1,741
|0.467
|113.8
|11
|N/A
|3.59
|44.87
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sudan}}
|1,886,086
|{{UN_Population|Sudan}}
|165,813,461,495
|4,121
|0.479
|111.5
|14
|N/A
|3.27
|72.53
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Tanzania}}
|885,800
|{{UN_Population|United Republic of Tanzania}}
|130,297,806,032
|2,510
|0.521
|81.8
|32
|58.46
|1.90
|28.65
|5.76
|-
|{{Country|Togo}}
|54,390
|{{UN_Population|Togo}}
|10,018,697,437
|1,372
|0.484
|85.8
|32
|53.64
|1.95
|30.31
|3.32
|-
|{{Country|Tunisia}}
|155,360
|{{UN_Population|Tunisia}}
|121,200,025,401
|10,770
|0.721
|74.6
|41
|57.55
|1.95
|31.60
|6.40
|-
|{{Country|Uganda}}
|200,520
|{{UN_Population|Uganda}}
|67,856,334,117
|1,738
|0.483
|97.7
|25
|59.26
|2.15
|32.58
|5.26
|-
|{{Country|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 June 2007 |title=Western Sahara |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|266,000
|{{UN_Population|Western Sahara}}
|906,500,000&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2,500&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Zambia}}
|743,390
|{{UN_Population|Zambia}}
|58,400,082,027
|3,602
|0.586
|86.3
|38
|58.79
|1.78
|35.08
|5.99
|-
|{{Country|Zimbabwe}}
|386,850
|{{UN_Population|Zimbabwe}}
|26,180,942,292
|500
|0.509
|100.5
|22
|38.23
|2.32
|40.41
|3.05
|-
|'''{{noflag|African Union}}'''
|30,370,000
|{{UN_Population|Africa}}
|5,457,724,064,668
|4,602
|0.524&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|88.99&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|31.51&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|55.55&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2.27
|37.89
|4.30
|-
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]] (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015
![[List of countries by population|Population]] {{UN_Population|Year}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016
![[Reporters Without Borders|WPFI]]
2016
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016
|}

== Lihimi m-pahi ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Africa Adaptation Initiative]]
* [[African Century]]
* [[African Peer Review Mechanism]]
* [[African Renaissance]]
* [[African Standby Force]]
* [[African Unification Front]]
* [[Africanisation]]
* [[Central Asian Union]]
* [[East African Federation]]
* [[Ezulwini agreement]]
* [[Friends of the African Union]]
* [[Indigenous peoples of Africa]]
* [[List of country groupings]]
* [[List of multilateral free-trade agreements]]
* [[Climate adaptation|Prevention of environmental migration]]
* [[Pan-Africanism]]
* [[Pan-African Women's Organization]]
{{div col end}}

== Noosi ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==Kundivihira==
=== Sources ===
{{Reflist}}

=== General and cited references ===
{{Library resources box}}
* [https://web.archive.org</text>
      <sha1>nek4hpgfvkpla6gv303o8rdl2zhpg3h</sha1>
    </revision>
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        <username>Abdul Rahman Abdul Kudus</username>
        <id>5829</id>
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      <text bytes="98210" sha1="69jc3qrwvapy829h1qls3vhm472jq9d" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Continental union of African states}}
{{For|the predecessor organisation|Organisation of African Unity}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox geopolitical organisation
| conventional_long_name = African Union
| native_name            = {{Name in various languages
 | name = {{nobold|''(in other official languages)''}}
 | ar = الاتحاد الأفريقي
 | fr = Union africaine
 | pt = União Africana
 | es = Unión Africana
 | sw = Umoja wa Afrika
 }}
| linking_name           = the African Union
| image_flag             = Flag of the African Union.svg
| alt_flag               = Flag of the African Union
| alt_symbol             = 
| symbol_width           = 85px
| motto                  = &quot;A United and Strong Africa&quot;
| anthem                 = &quot;[[Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html |title=African Union anthem, etc |publisher=Africamasterweb.com |access-date=26 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915041714/http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html | archive-date=15 September 2015 | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{center|}}{{Align|center| |style=margin-top:0em}}
| image_map              = Map of the African Union with Suspended States.svg
| alt_map                = An [[Orthographic projection (cartography)|orthographic projection]] of [[Earth|the world]], highlighting the African Union and its member states (green).
| map_width              = 220px
| map_caption            = {{legend2|#2A5C2B|Member states}}&lt;br /&gt;{{legend2|#00D500|Suspended states}}
| org_type               = [[Continental union]]
| membership_type        = Membership
| membership             = {{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
 |title = [[Member states of the African Union|55 member states]]
|{{flag|Algeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Angola|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Benin|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Botswana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Burkina Faso|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp|Suspended}}
|{{flag|Burundi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cameroon|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cape Verde|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Central African Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Chad|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Comoros|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Djibouti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Egypt|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eritrea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eswatini|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ethiopia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Gabon|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Gambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ghana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Guinea|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ivory Coast|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kenya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Lesotho|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Liberia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Libya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Madagascar|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Malawi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mali|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Mauritania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mauritius|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Morocco|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mozambique|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Namibia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Niger|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Nigeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Rwanda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sahrawi Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Senegal|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Seychelles|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sierra Leone|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Somalia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Africa|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Sudan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sudan|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Tanzania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Togo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Tunisia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Uganda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zimbabwe|size=23px}}
}}
{{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
|title = 9 observer states
|{{flag|Haiti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kazakhstan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Latvia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mexico|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Palestine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Serbia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Turkey|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ukraine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates|size=23px}}
}}
| admin_center_type      = Political centres
| admin_center           = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Addis Ababa]]&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;}} |{{nowrap|[[Johannesburg]]&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;}}}}
| largest_settlement_type = urban agglomerations
| largest_city           = 
| largest_settlement     = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Cairo]]}} |{{nowrap|[[Lagos]]}}}}
| languages_type         = Official languages
| languages              = {{hlist | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] | [[English language|English]] | [[French language|French]] | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]]  | [[Swahili language|Swahili]] | and any other [[Languages of Africa|African language]]&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;}}
| demonym                = African
| leader_title1          = [[Chairperson of the African Union|Chairperson]]
| leader_name1           = [[João Lourenço]]
| leader_title2          = [[Chairperson of the African Union Commission|Commission Chairperson]]
| leader_name2           = [[Mahamoud Ali Youssouf]]
| leader_title3          = [[Pan-African Parliament#Presidents of the Pan-African Parliament|Parliamentary President]]
| leader_name3           = [[Fortune Z. Charumbira]]
| legislature            = [[Pan-African Parliament]]
| established_event1     = [[Organisation of African Unity|OAU Charter]]
| established_date1      = 25 May 1963
| established_event2     = [[Abuja Treaty]]
| established_date2      = 3 June 1991
| established_event3     = [[Sirte Declaration]]
| established_date3      = 9 September 1999
| established_event4     = African Union founded
| established_date4      = {{start date and age|2002|07|09}}
| established_event5     = [[History of South Sudan|Admission of]] [[South Sudan]]
| established_date5      = 9 July 2011
| established_event6     = [[Member states of the African Union|Admission of]] [[Morocco]]
| established_date6      = 31 January 2017
| established_event7     = [[African Continental Free Trade Area]] (AfCFTA)
| established_date7      = 1 January 2021
| area_km2               = 29,922,059&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2016&quot;&gt;Corresponds to the terrestrial surface. Including the [[Exclusive Economic Zones]] of each member state, the total area is 43 434 569&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 1,494,988,668{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $8.990 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO/WEOWORLD/IDN/AFQ.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668%2C672%2C612%2C614%2C674%2C676%2C678%2C682%2C684%2C638%2C686%2C688%2C616%2C728%2C748%2C618%2C624%2C692%2C694%2C622%2C626%2C628%2C632%2C636%2C634%2C662%2C611%2C714%2C716%2C469%2C722%2C642%2C643%2C718%2C724%2C734%2C644%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C652%2C732%2C656%2C654%2C738%2C742%2C744%2C746%2C664%2C754%2C666%2C698&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |access-date=8 February 2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714135232/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668,672,612,614,674,676,678,682,684,638,686,688,616,728,748,618,624,692,694,622,626,628,632,636,634,662,611,714,716,469,722,642,643,718,724,734,644,726,646,199,648,733,652,732,656,654,738,742,744,746,664,754,666,698&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,LP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion|Excluding Western Sahara due to lack of data}}
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2024
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $6,330&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal            = {{decrease}} $2.81 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion}}
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2024
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{decrease}} $1,960&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.577
| HDI_year               = 2020
| cctld                  = [[.africa]]
| footnotes              = {{unbulleted list |&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[African Union Commission]]. |&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[Pan-African Parliament]].}}
| official_website       = {{URL|https://au.int}}
| area_rank              = 
| today                  = 
}}

'''African Union''' ('''AU''') nyɛla tiŋgbani bɔbugu laɣingu zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu&lt;ref name=&quot;UIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100033436 |url-access= |title=African Union (AU) |author1=Staff writer |year=2025 |department=UIA Global Civil Society Database |website=uia.org |publisher=[[Union of International Associations]] |agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online |location=Brussels, Belgium |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date=8 January 2025 |via= |quote= |trans-quote= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Member States AU-UN |url=https://www.africanunion-un.org/memberstates |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka nyɛ din be [[Africa]]. AU nyɛla bɛ ni daa niŋ shɛli laɣngu Sirte Declaration din be Sirte, Libya Silimiin goli September yuuni 1999, ka bɛ niya daa nyɛ bɛ kpa African Union. Bɛ daa piligi li Silimiin goli July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002  [[Durban]], [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_&amp;_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union,%209%20July%202002.htm |title=Launch of the African Union, 9 July 2002: Address by the chairperson of the AU, President Thabo Mbeki |first=Thabo |last=Mbeki |date=9 July 2002 |publisher=africa-union.org |location=ABSA Stadium, Durban, South Africa |access-date=8 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503210549/http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_%26_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union%2C%209%20July%202002.htm |archive-date=3 May 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ daa mali lala niya ni AU nyɛla di ni tooi zani [[Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU) zani, di nyɛla bɛ ni daa kpa shɛli Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1963 ka di ni daa piligi shɛli nyɛ [[Addis Ababa]], gomnantinima pihita ni ayi nyɛ ban daa dihi bɛ nuhi gbana zuɣu zaŋ n-ti li; OAU ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa kari shɛli Silimiin goli  July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002 [[Durban]], [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;/&gt; 

African Union ŋɔ nyɛla din mali salo ban kalinli gari 1.3 &quot;billion&quot; ka di tiŋgbani galisim paai kamani  {{convert|30|e6km2|e6sqmi|sigfig=2|abbr=unit}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Manboah-Rockson |first1=Joseph |title=Politics &amp; the Struggle for Democracy in Ghana: An Introduction to Political Science |date=23 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Balli shɛŋa din be di ni nyɛ  [[Arabic]], [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], n-ti pahi [[Swahili language|Swahili]].&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://au.int/en/about/languages |title=AU Languages |access-date=2 May 2021 |publisher=African Union |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407001442/https://au.int/en/about/languages |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

[[G20]] (Group of 20) laɣingu din daa niŋ [[New Delhi]], [[India]] yuuni 2023, African Union nyɛla ban daa kpɛ G20.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=September 9, 2023 |title=African Union made permanent member of G20 at Delhi summit |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/09/african-union-made-permanent-member-of-g20-at-delhi-summit |access-date=December 12, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Overview ==
African Union niyanima n-nyɛ:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Constitutive Act|url=https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415235637/https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|archive-date=15 April 2020|access-date=2 May 2021|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;

# Di ʒi nangbanyini din mali yaa na, taba laɣimbu ni Africa tinsi mini [[Africa|African]] tingbana taba puu biɛri taba zuɣu.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi maŋsulinsi, tiŋgbana taba shebu ni tiŋgbani din kam be din ni maŋsulinsi.
# Ni di kpaŋsi siyaasa mini biɛhigu-daabiligu laɣimbu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋgbana taba sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 November 2024|title=Evolution of Geopolitical Dynamics in Africa|url=https://www.guambia.com.uy/67/evolution-of-geopolitical-dynamics-in-africa/2312/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=Guambia}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The New Power Play in Africa: Russia, China, and the Shifting Sands of Influence|url=https://kcsgroup.com/the-new-power-play-in-africa-russia-china-and-the-shifting-sands-of-influence/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=KCS Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ni di kpaŋsi ka gu ka taɣi [[Africa|African]] zaashee zaŋ chaŋ bɛ suhuyurilim polo di tiŋgbani yaɣa mini di niriba sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi daabiligu tiŋgban sunsuuni, ka mali [[Charter of the United Nations]] mini [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] tumdi tuma.
# Ni di kpaŋsi suhudoo, niriba gubu, ni tiŋgbani yaɣa zanibu chibi.
# Ni di kmpaŋsi maŋsulinsi zalisi, ni gɔmnanti tali din niŋ dede.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi ninsalinima mini niriba fukumsi din be [[African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights]] ni mini &quot;[[International human rights instruments|human rights instruments]]&quot; yaɣa din niŋ talahi.
# Ni di zali zalisi din kpa talahi ka che ka tiŋgbani yaɣa maa tumdi di tuma dunia daabiligu ni ni shaawara gbaabu tiŋgbana sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim din nyɛ soha-biɛɣuni dini zaŋti daabiligu,biɛhigu ni kaya ni taɣada biɛhigu ni Africa daabiligu yaɣa zaŋ laɣim taba.
# Ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ninsalisili yaɣa kam n duhi biɛri suŋ Africanima sunsuuni.
# To coordinate and harmonise the policies between the existing and future [[Regional Economic Communities]] for the gradual attainment of the objectives of the Union.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim tiŋgbana yaɣa maa ni din dalim vihigu niŋbu, di bahi bahindi tabiibi mini tabiibi zaŋ tum tuma.
# Ni di mini tiŋgbana laɣim tum n-kpihim dɔriti din mali taɣibu mini alaafee kpaŋsibu tiŋgbana ni.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm Africa-union.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604051527/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm|date=4 June 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
{{Main|History of the African Union|History of Africa}}

African Union taarihi pilila &quot;'''First Congress of Independent African States&quot;''', din daa niŋ [[Accra]], [[Ghana]] bini din gbaai Anashaara goli April biɛɣu pinaanu zaŋ chaŋ biɛɣu pishinaayi yuuni 1958. Laɣingu maa niya daa nyɛla di kpa [[Africa Day]], n-ti tabili [[Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU), din daa kpa Anashaara goli May biɛɣu pishinaanu yuuni 1963, ni [[African Economic Community]] yuuni 1991.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210205406/http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may|date=10 December 2018}} South African History Online (SAHO), 15 May 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ansarisi maaniba daa ŋme nangbankpeeni ni OAU ka nuu timbu shɛli ninsalilnima fukumsi ni .&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2115736&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Reynolds|first=Paul|date=8 July 2002|title=African Union replaces dictators' club|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601025542/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|archive-date=1 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tɛha din tahi AU kpabu na nyɛla din daa labi niŋ nyɛvuli 1990s sunsuuni Libyan tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Muammar al-Gaddafi]] saha;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Adebajo|first=Adekeye|date=2011-08-26|title=Gaddafi: the man who would be king of Africa|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011605/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Guardian|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbana zuɣulana mini kpɛma zaŋti OAU daa yina ni [[Sirte Declaration]] (bɛ ni daa zaŋ Sirte, Libya yuli boli shɛli) Anashaara goli September dabaa awɔi yuuni 1999, ka daa ŋmeri kuŋ bɔri African Union nambu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-12-05|title=The African Union After Gaddafi|url=http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410172928/http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|archive-date=10 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 10, 2001|title=African leaders elect OAU boss|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414032647/https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-08-27|title=New Partnership for Africa's Development – NEPAD {{!}} Poverty Eradication|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419153619/https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html|archive-date=19 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=www.un.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

African Union suuna daa niŋla [[Durban]] Anashaara goli July dabaa awɔi yuuni 2002 ni di tuuli ʒia kuɣulana, South Africa tiŋgbani zuɣulana kuro [[Thabo Mbeki]], Assembly of the African Union tuuli yaɣili ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-11-18|title=The African Union is launched|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416010303/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|archive-date=16 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=Africa Renewal|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Assembly yaɣili din pahiri ayi daa niŋla [[Maputo]] yuuni 2003 ka din pahiri ata daa niŋ [[Addis Ababa]] Anashaara goli July dabaa ayɔbu yuuni 2004.

Tum yuuni 2010, African Union daa mali niya ni di kpa &quot;African [[space agency]]&quot; laɣim taba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=5 September 2010|title=Africa prepares to join the big boys in the space race|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116213335/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|archive-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=6 September 2012|title=Sudanese president calls for African space agency|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102203403/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|archive-date=2 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=11 September 2012|title=Africa eyes joint space agency|url=http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021070210/http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|archive-date=21 October 2013|access-date=21 October 2013|publisher=Phys.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Ezigbo|first1=Onyebuchi|last2=Okpara|first2=Lois|date=9 August 2010|title=AU to Establish African Space Agency|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212084442/http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|archive-date=12 February 2014|access-date=11 December 2015|publisher=All Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Barack Obama]] n daa nyɛ tuuli United States tiŋgbani zuɣulana ŋun ʒi gbana ni ka di alizama African Union ni Addis Ababa Anashaara goli July biɛɣu pihita yini ka dali yuuni 2015. O daa alizama dibu ni, o daa kpaŋsiya ni dunisnims laɣindi niŋdi daabiligu ka tabiri sɔŋdi shikuru baŋsim tooni chandi ni, ni lɛbiginsim mini dahi yɛligibu. Amaa, o daa lahi galim suhuyurilim ni ka tiŋgbani shɛŋa ni mini gɔmnantinima ban zaɣisi sheebu ni, ban bi galisi gaŋbu (n-ti tabili ninuɣ'shɛba ban be [[LGBT]] ni, adiininima mini laɣinsi zuliyanima ni) ni kɔriŋ fahili.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Carol E.|date=28 July 2015|title=Obama Becomes First U.S. President to Address African Union|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|url-status=live|access-date=29 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729094216/http://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|archive-date=29 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 July 2015|title=Remarks by President Obama to the People of Africa|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120220442/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|archive-date=20 January 2017|access-date=29 July 2015|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|via=[[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Treaties ===
{{AU evolution timeline}}

== Siyaasa ==

:
; Financial institutions

* [[African Central Bank]] – [[Abuja]], Nigeria
* [[African Investment Bank]] – [[Tripoli, Libya]]
* [[African Monetary Fund]] – [[Yaoundé]], Cameroon

Lala tuma duri ŋɔ na bi kpa; amaa, komitiinima ban be di kpabu ni nyɛla bɛ ni piigi shɛba. Lal n-nyɛli,  AU malila niya ni di diri laɣ'yini ([[Afro (currency)|Afro]]).

; Alaafee
: [[Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention]] (Africa CDC), daa kpala yuuni 2016 ka di suuna niŋ yuuni 2017. Di tuma du'zuɣuri be la Addis Ababa Ethiopia.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int-2017-01-31&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-01-31|title=Africa CDC Official Launch|url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630023917/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-date=30 June 2018|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb.int-2017-02-02&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-02-02|title=The African Union launches Africa CDC, a Continent-wide Public Health Agency|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180037/https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|work=[[Reliefweb]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc.gov-2017-07-27&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-07-27|title=Africa CDC: Improving Disease Detection and Emergency Response on the African Continent|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180936/https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Inspection visit to Africa CDC Headquarters building site|url=https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205114846/https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|archive-date=5 February 2022|access-date=2022-02-05|website=Africa CDC|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; Ninsalinima fukumsi
: [[African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights]], nyɛla din beni tum yuuni 1986, di be la [[African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights]] fukumsi ni (African Charter) amaa ka ni Constitutive Act of the African Union.
; Polo
: [[African Space Agency]] nyɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2023. Di tuma du'zuɣu be la Cairo.
; Yaa
: [[African Energy Commission]] daa nYɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2008, ka be Algiers.

=== Tiŋgbana din be din ni ===
{{Main|Member states of the African Union}}

[[Member states of the United Nations|UN member states]] din be Africa mini African islands zaa bela AU, ka nyɛ yaɣ'shɛli din tabi [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] (SADR). [[Morocco]] daa yila Organisation of African Unity ni yuuni 1984 ka di nyɛla SADR sulinsi ni ka di daa be, ka di tiŋgbani yaɣili [[Western Sahara]] daa zaŋli kpehi di maŋsulinsi ni.  AU daa lahi labi deei li Anashaara goli January biɛɣu pihita yuuni 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;worldbulletin&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=30 January 2017|title=Morocco rejoins African Union|publisher=Worldbulletin|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|url-status=usurped|access-date=31 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720013737/http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|archive-date=20 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Somaliland]], din nyɛ [[Somalia]] ni deei shɛli, daa sabi gbaŋ ti ni di kpe AU yuuni 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nelson&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Nelson, Elizabeth A.|title=Regional Politics and State Secession|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|year=2021|isbn=978-1-83910-377-3|pages=105}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mali nyɛla bɛ nin daa naa yihi shɛba African Union ni saha biɛla sunsuuni Anashaara goli 19 August 2020 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu niŋ naai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=African Union suspends Mali following coup|work=Agence France-Presse, Reuters|publisher=Deutsche Welle|url=https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913003040/https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|archive-date=13 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anashaara goli 9 October lala yuuni ŋɔ yaha, [[Peace and Security Council]] zaŋti African Union daa paai lala yihibu fukumsi ŋɔ Mali zuɣi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union lifts Mali's suspension imposed in the wake of coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009202811/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|archive-date=9 October 2020|access-date=2020-10-09|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Bɛ daa lahi labi zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa tiŋgbani maa zuɣu Anashaara goli June dahin yini dali yuuni 2021, di sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu ni daa lahi niŋ chira awɔi sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2 June 2021|title=African Union announces 'immediate suspension' of Mali after second coup|work=France 24, Reuters, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912141924/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lala fukumsi ŋɔ daa pani Guinea gba zuɣu African Union ni ANashaara goli September biɛɣu pia dali yuuni 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Alpha Condé]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=10 September 2021|title=African Union suspends Guinea after coup, as envoys arrive for talks|work=France 24, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912022912/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sudan gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pani shɛli zuɣu Anashaara goli 27 October 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmananti shee tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Abdalla Hamdok]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union suspends Sudan over coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027130242/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|archive-date=27 October 2021|access-date=2021-10-27|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Burkina Faso gba nyɛla lala fukumsi ŋɔ ni daa pani shɛli zuɣu African Union ni bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu Anashaara goli 31 January 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AU suspends Burkina Faso after coup as envoys head for talks|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062926/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|archive-date=23 December 2022|access-date=2022-01-31|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nige gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛba zuɣu Anashaara goli 22 August 2023 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣula [[Mohamed Bazoum]]; tum din saha ka [[2023 Nigerien crisis]] pili.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2023-08-22|title=African Union suspends participation of Niger following coup|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|url-status=live|access-date=2023-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906024202/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|archive-date=6 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gabon gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛli zuɣu 31 August 2023 bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmananti sheei [[Ali Bongo Ondimba]] nyaaŋa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Newspaper|first=The Peninsula|date=2023-08-31|title=African Union says to 'immediately suspend' Gabon after coup|url=https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902185942/http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|archive-date=2 September 2023|access-date=2023-08-31|website=thepeninsulaqatar.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{TOC limit|3}}


== Members ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{DZA}}
* {{AGO}}
* {{BEN}}
* {{BWA}}
* {{BFA}} (suspended)
* {{BDI}}
* {{CMR}}
* {{CPV}}
* {{CAF}}
* {{TCD}}
* {{COM}}
* {{COD}}
* {{COG}}
* {{DJI}}
* {{EGY}}
* {{GNQ}}
* {{ERI}}
* {{SWZ}}
* {{ETH}}
* {{GAB}}
* {{GMB}}
* {{GHA}}
* {{GIN}} (suspended)
* {{GNB}}
* {{CIV}}
* {{KEN}}
* {{LSO}}
* {{LBR}}
* {{LBY}}
* {{MDG}}
* {{MWI}}
* {{MLI}} (suspended)
* {{MRT}}
* {{MUS}}
* {{MAR}}
* {{MOZ}}
* {{NAM}}
* {{NER}} (suspended)
* {{NGA}}
* {{RWA}}
* {{SADR}}
* {{STP}}
* {{SEN}}
* {{SYC}}
* {{SLE}}
* {{SOM}}
* {{ZAF}}
* {{SSD}}
* {{SDN}} (suspended)
* {{TZA}}
* {{TGO}}
* {{TUN}}
* {{UGA}}
* {{ZMB}}
* {{ZWE}}
{{div col end}}

==== Observers ====
* {{HAI}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Haiti Will Not Join the African Union |url=https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |website=Haiti Hub |access-date=22 June 2023 |date=22 May 2016 |archive-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622142803/https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ISR}} (suspended as of February 2023)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|title=African Union says Israel's observer status suspended|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908195006/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |author=((i24NEWS)) |date=2022-02-06 |title=Israel dispute erupts at African Union summit |language=en |work=Ynetnews |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |access-date=2022-02-06 |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151241/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{KAZ}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstan's Observer status at the African Union: What Does It Mean for Africa? |url=https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=www.igd.org.za |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327081029/https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{LAT}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-01-11|url=http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|title=Latvia becomes observer to African Union|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia]]|website=www.mfa.gov.lv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918030201/http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|archive-date=18 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{MEX}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-06-18 |title=Chairperson Receives the Credentials of the First Permanent Observer of Mexico to the African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |website=au.int |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901115222/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|Palestine}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-05-27 |title=AU grants Palestine observer status |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |publisher=[[Egypt Independent]] |first=Fathya |last=el-Dakhakhni |website=egyptindependent.com |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=29 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229042151/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{SRB}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 January 2014|language=sr-latn|title=Mrkić na samitu u Adis Abebi|url=https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|website=b92.net|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=16 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071458/https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{TUR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-11 |title=What's driving Turkey's commercial &amp; military relations with Africa? |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en-US |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151227/https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{UKR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-06-22 |title=Ukraine has obtained the observer status in the African Union |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] |website=mfa.gov.ua |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071456/https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ARE}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chairperson Receives Credentials of the Permanent Observer of the United Arab Emirates. {{!}} African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=au.int |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151252/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== African Union tuma ====
{{Supranational African Bodies|align=right|size=500px}}Yuuni 1980 [[Lagos Plan of Action for the Development of Africa]] mini yuuni 1991 varisigu ni African Economic Community kpabu (bɛ ni lahi booni shɛli Abuja Treaty), daa yina ni tɛha din nyɛ [[Regional Economic Communities]] (RECs) kpabu ni niŋ binshɛli din yɛn laɣim Africa taba.&lt;ref&gt;See note on [https://web.archive.org/web/20040906140832/http://www.dfa.gov.za/docs/2003/au0815.htm The Role of the Regional Economic Communities (RECs) as the Building Blocks of the African Union] prepared by the South African Department of Foreign Affairs.&lt;/ref&gt;

Saha ŋɔ, RECs dibaa anii m-be AU. Din nima n-nyɛ:

* [[Arab Maghreb Union]] (AMU)
* [[Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa]] (COMESA)
* [[Community of Sahel-Saharan States]] (CEN-SAD)
* [[East African Community]] (EAC)
* [[Economic Community of Central African States]] (ECCAS)
* [[Economic Community of West African States]] (ECOWAS)
* [[Intergovernmental Authority on Development]] (IGAD)
* [[Southern Africa Development Community]] (SADC)&lt;ref&gt;Decision on the Protocol on Relations between the African Union and the Regional Economic Communities (RECs), Assembly/AU/Dec.166 (IX).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=President of Mauritania Elected as New Chairperson of AU|url=https://www.ena.et/web/eng/w/eng_4033947}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of chairpersons ==
{{main|Chairperson of the African Union}}
[[File:Jakaya Kikwete and Muammar al-Gaddafi, 12th AU Summit, 090202-N-0506A-678.jpg|thumb|left|[[Muammar Gaddafi]] embracing Tanzanian President [[Jakaya Kikwete|Kikwete]] after assuming the chairmanship]]
{{Clear|left}}

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-valign=top
|+Chairpersons of the African Union
|-
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Name
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Beginning of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|End of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Country
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Thabo Mbeki]]
|9 July 2002
|10 July 2003
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Joaquim Chissano]]
|10 July 2003
|6 July 2004
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Olusegun Obasanjo]]
|6 July 2004
|24 January 2006
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]]
|24 January 2006
|24 January 2007
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[John Kufuor]]
|30 January 2007
|31 January 2008
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Jakaya Kikwete]]
|31 January 2008
|2 February 2009
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Muammar al-Gaddafi]]
|2 February 2009
|31 January 2010
|{{flagdeco|Libya|1977}} [[Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|Libya]]
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Bingu wa Mutharika]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE60U05O20100131l Gaddafi fails in bid to remain African Union chair], Reuters, 31 January 2010 {{Dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20111230205627/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g8cvj3048f4WEB6UQuim80MKqhVA Malawi president takes over as AU president], AFP, 31 January 2010&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2010
|31 January 2011
|{{flag|Malawi|2010}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography According to the AU] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006153642/http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography |date=6 October 2011 }}, his official style is ''Son Excellence Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Président de la République, Chef de l'État et Président Fondateur du Parti Démocratique de Guinée Equatoriale'' {{in lang|fr}}. Retrieved 4 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2011
|29 January 2012
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Yayi Boni]]
|29 January 2012
|27 January 2013
|{{flag|Benin}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Hailemariam Desalegn]]
|27 January 2013
|30 January 2014
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz]]
|30 January 2014
|30 January 2015
|{{flag|Mauritania|1959}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Robert Mugabe]]
|30 January 2015
|30 January 2016
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Idriss Déby]]
|30 January 2016
|30 January 2017
|{{flag|Chad}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Alpha Condé]]
|30 January 2017
|28 January 2018
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Paul Kagame]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |title=President Paul Kagame, Elected as New Chairperson of the African Union for the year 2018 - African Union |website=au.int |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205134722/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|28 January 2018
|10 February 2019
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]]
|10 February 2019
|10 February 2020
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |title=South Africa takes over as AU chair: What to expect |website=aljazeera.com |access-date=12 February 2020 |archive-date=12 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212104846/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|10 February 2020
|10 February 2021
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Félix Tshisekedi]]
|10 February 2021
|5 February 2022
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Macky Sall]]
|5 February 2022
|18 February 2023
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Azali Assoumani]]
|18 February 2023
|17 February 2024
|{{flag|Comoros}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Ghazouani]]
|17 February 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|}

=== African Union summits ===
[[File:Niger, Niamey, Boulevard Mali Béro (2)(Rue IB-56).jpg|thumb|300px|left|Billboard in Niamey (Niger) announcing the 33rd AU Summit (2019)]]
{{Clear}}
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
|-
!width=155px| Session
! Host country
! Host city
! Date
! Theme
! Notes
|-
| 37th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|17 February 2024|format=d}}–{{dts|18 February 2024}}|| &quot;Educate and Skill Africa for the 21st Century&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://au.int/en/summit/37 | title=African Union &amp;#124; an Integrated, Prosperous and Peaceful Africa }}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 36th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|18 February 2023|format=d}}–{{dts|19 February 2023}}|| || 
|-
| 35th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 February 2022|format=d}}–{{dts|6 February 2022}}|| ||
|-
| 34th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|6 February 2021|format=d}}–{{dts|7 February 2021}}|| ||
|-
| 33rd&lt;ref name=development&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|title=The 33rd AU Summit kicks off with the 39th Session of the Permanent Representatives Committee &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121172202/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|9 February 2020|format=d}}–{{dts|10 February 2020}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|title=33rd AU Summit : Online accreditation for Journalists now open &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203234748/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;||&quot;Silencing the guns: creating conducive conditions for Africa's development&quot;&lt;ref name=development /&gt;||Agreement for [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]] to become operational in July 2020.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore /&gt; Agreements to reduce gender gap and inequality and to &quot;silence guns&quot; on the continent.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|title=South African President Cyril Ramaphosa elected African Union Chairperson as continent vows to 'silence the guns', boost trade and close gender gap|work=Today News Africa|access-date=2 May 2021|date=9 February 2020|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216015953/https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 12th Extraordinary Summit on [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]]&lt;ref name=extra12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705085754/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Niger}}||[[Niamey]]|| {{dts|4 July 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2019}} || &quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot; || Launch of the [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]]
|- 
| 32nd&lt;ref name=&quot;summit32&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=32nd AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/32 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806201405/https://au.int/en/summit/32 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|10 February 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|11 February 2019}}||&quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot;||
|-
| 11th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra11&gt;{{cite web |title=11th Extraordinary Summit Summary of Key Decisions |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |website=African Union |access-date=22 January 2020 |date=18 November 2018 |archive-date=22 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122180323/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 November 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|18 November 2018}}|| || Agreement reached on reorganisation AU Commission&lt;ref name=extra11 /&gt;
|-
| 31st&lt;ref name=&quot;summit31&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=31st AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/31 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708203337/https://au.int/en/summit/31 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mauritania}}||[[Nouakchott]]|| {{dts|25 June 2018|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra10&gt;{{cite web |title=10th Extraordinary Session of the Assembly on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708005309/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]]|| {{dts|17 March 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|21 March 2018}}|| &quot;Creating One African Market&quot; || Agreement reached on the AfCFTA
|-
| 30th&lt;ref name=summit30&gt;{{cite web |title=30th AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/30 |access-date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=22 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322020614/https://au.int/en/summit/30 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|29 January 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 29th&lt;ref name=summit29&gt;{{cite web |title=29th AU summit |date=5 July 2017 |url=https://au.int/en/summit/29 |access-date=15 November 2017 |archive-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116034051/https://au.int/en/summit/29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 June 2017|format=dm}} – {{dts|4 July 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; ||
|-
| 28th&lt;ref name=summit28&gt;{{cite web |title=28th AU summit |date=30 January 2017 |url=https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |access-date=31 January 2017 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202063411/https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2017|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; || Morocco rejoins the AU after 33 years
|-
| 27th&lt;ref name=summit27&gt;{{cite web |title=27th AU summit |date=July 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=7 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007033940/http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]] || {{dts|10 July 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|18 July 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot; || Launch of [[African Union Passport]]
|-
| 26th&lt;ref name=summit26&gt;{{cite web |title=26th AU summit |date=January 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/26 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=29 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929114302/http://au.int/en/summit/26 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot;||
|-
| [[Third India-Africa Forum Summit]] || {{flag|India}} || [[New Delhi]] || {{dts|26 October 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|29 October 2015}} || &quot;Reinvigorated Partnership—Shared Vision&quot; ||
|-
| 25th&lt;ref name=summit25&gt;{{cite web |title=25th AU summit |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002150945/http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=25th African Union Summit in Johannesburg – African Union Commission media information |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215016/http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Johannesburg]] || {{dts|7 June 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|15 June 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; || Featured Angelina Jolie&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=A Call for Global Support in Ending Women's Violence Done by Angelina Jolie |publisher=Newwatch NGR |url=http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |website=newswatchngr.com |date=February 2016 |access-date=23 February 2016 |archive-date=23 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223171129/http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 24th&lt;ref name=summit24&gt;{{cite web |title=24th AU summit |date=January 2015 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624103215/http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-date=24 June 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–Turkey Summit|| {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|19 November 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|21 November 2014}}|| &quot;A New Model of Partnership to Enhance a Sustainable Development and Integration of Africa&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Second Turkey-Africa Partnership Summit |date=November 2014 |url=http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225225133/http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Africa Turkey 2014 |date=November 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095901/http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 23rd&lt;ref name=summit23&gt;{{cite web |title=23rd AU summit |date=June 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709071223/http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-date=9 July 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|20 June 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|27 June 2014}}|| &quot;Year of Agriculture and food security&quot; ||
|-
| 22nd&lt;ref name=summit22&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd AU summit |date=January 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214161520/http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-date=14 February 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd Ordinary Session of the Summit of the African Union |date=January 2014 |url=http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214002039/http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-date=14 February 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2014}}|| &quot;Year Agriculture and food security, Marking 10th Anniversary of the Adoption of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP)&quot; ||
|-
| Extraordinary Summit on the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&lt;ref name=summiticc&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Extraordinary Summit on ICC |date=October 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220184942/http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-date=20 December 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]
| {{dts|11 October 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|12 October 2013}}|| &quot;Africa's Relationship with the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&quot; || This was in regards to the ICC's non-adherence to AU calls to drop certain charges against sitting leaders and claims that it was disproportionally targeting Africans.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |title=Kenya pushing for African split from International Criminal Court |newspaper=[[Irish Times]] |access-date=30 January 2014 |archive-date=28 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928170024/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 21st&lt;ref name=summit21&gt;{{cite web |title=21st AU summit |date=May 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701003301/http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-date=1 July 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|19 May 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|27 May 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; || 50th Anniversary of the Establishment of the [[Organisation of African Unity]]
|-
| 20th&lt;ref name=summit20&gt;{{cite web |title=20th AU summit |date=January 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509094507/http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-date=9 May 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 January 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|28 January 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; ||
|-
| Diaspora Summit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Global Africa Diaspora Summit |date=May 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916162142/http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-date=16 September 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Sandton, South Africa|Sandton]] || {{dts|23 May 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2012}}|| &quot;Towards the Realisation of a United and Integrated Africa and Its Diaspora&quot; ||
|-
| 19th&lt;ref name=summit19&gt;{{cite web |title=19th African Union (AU) Summit to be held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |date=June 2012 |url=http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002164755/http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|9 July 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|16 July 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| 18th&lt;ref name=summit18&gt;{{cite web |title=18th AU summit |date=January 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614120243/http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-date=14 June 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| [[17th Ordinary African Union Summit|17th]]&lt;ref name=summit17&gt;{{cite web |title=17th AU summit |date=June 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095847/http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{nowrap|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|23 June 2011|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2011}}|| &quot;Youth Empowerment for Sustainable Development&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–India Summit || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|20 May 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2011}}|| &quot;Enhancing partnership: shared vision&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=2nd Africa-India Forum Summit |date=May 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331174105/http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia |archive-date=31 March 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 16th&lt;ref name=summit16&gt;{{cite web |title=16th African Union summit |date=January 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090533/http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|24 January 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2011}}|| &quot;Towards Greater Unity and Integration through Shared Values&quot; ||
|-
| 15th&lt;ref name=summit15&gt;{{cite web |title=15th African Union summit |date=July 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909081209/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-date=9 September 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Uganda}}||[[Kampala]] || {{dts|19 July 2010|format=d}}–{{dts|27 July 2010}}|| &quot;Maternal, Infant, and Child Health and Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 14th&lt;ref name=summit14&gt;{{cite web |title=14th African Union summit |date=January 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122225/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2010|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2010}}|| &quot;Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Africa: Challenges and Prospects for Development&quot; ||
|-
| 13th&lt;ref name=summit13&gt;{{cite web |title=13th African Union summit |date=July 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040008/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|24 June 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 July 2009}}|| &quot;Investing in Agriculture for Economic Growth and Food Security&quot; ||
|-
| 12th&lt;ref name=summit12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th African Union summit |date=January 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040018/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|26 January 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 February 2009}}|| &quot;Infrastructure Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 11th&lt;ref name=summit11&gt;{{cite web |title=The 11th AU summit |date=July 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122200/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Egypt}}||[[Sharm el-Sheikh]] || {{dts|24 June 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2008}}|| &quot;Meeting the Millennium Development Goals on Water and Sanitation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th&lt;ref name=summit10&gt;{{cite web |title=The 10th African Union summit |date=January 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102035957/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2008}}|| &quot;Industrial Development of Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 9th&lt;ref name=summit9&gt;{{cite web |title=9th African Union summit |date=July 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040001/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ghana}}||[[Accra]] || {{dts|25 June 2007|format=dm}} – {{dts|6 July 2007}}|| &quot;Grand Debate on the Union Government&quot; ||
|-
| 8th&lt;ref name=summit8&gt;{{cite web |title=8th African Union summit |date=January 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806145357/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2007|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2007}}|| 1. &quot;Science, Technology and Scientific Research for Development&quot; &lt;br /&gt;2. &quot;Climate Change in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 7th&lt;ref name=summit7&gt;{{cite web |title=7th African Union summit |date=July 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806144655/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Gambia}}||[[Banjul]] || {{dts|25 June 2006|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2006}}|| &quot;Rationalisation of Recs and Regional Integration&quot; ||
|-
| 6th&lt;ref name=summit6&gt;{{cite web |title=6th African Union summit |date=January 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214191451/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-date=14 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Sudan}}||[[Khartoum]] || {{dts|16 January 2006|format=d}}–{{dts|24 January 2006}}|| &quot;Education and Culture&quot; ||
|-
| 5th&lt;ref name=summit5&gt;{{cite web |title=5th African Union summit |date=June 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224163231/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-date=24 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|28 June 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|29 June 2005}}|| ||
|-
| Extraordinary summit on UN Reform&lt;ref name=summitlist&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Summit |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215221812/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-date=15 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|4 August 2005}} || ||
|-
| 4th&lt;ref name=summit4&gt;{{cite web |title=4th African Union summit |date=January 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315081032/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-date=15 March 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Nigeria}}||[[Abuja]] || {{dts|24 January 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2005}}|| ||
|-
| 3rd&lt;ref name=summit3&gt;{{cite web |title=3rd African Union summit |date=July 2004 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207061226/http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-date=7 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|6 July 2004|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2004}}|| ||
|-
| 2nd&lt;ref name=summit2&gt;{{cite web |title=African Union Summit Maputo Mozambique |date=July 2003 |url=http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708083551/http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mozambique}}||[[Maputo]] || {{dts|2 July 2003|format=d}}–{{dts|12 July 2003}}|| ||
|-
| 1st&lt;ref name=summit1&gt;{{cite web |title=OAU/AU summit |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022142733/http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |archive-date=22 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Durban, South Africa|Durban]] || {{dts|28 June 2002}} – {{dts|10 July 2002}}|| &quot;Peace, Development and Prosperity: The African Century&quot; || Notable events include the launch of the African Union.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=1st AU summit: Documents and Speeches |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001222437/http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html| archive-date=1 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}


==== Africa–Caribbean relations ====
{{See also|Group of 77|Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States}}
[[Caribbean]] tiŋgbana pam nyɛla din kpuɣi niya ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ni [[Africa]] tiŋgbana. African Union lihirila Caribbean ka di nyɛ yaɣili din ni tooi pahi buyɔbu  &quot;Sixth Region&quot; tiŋgbana yaɣa din laɣim taba maa puuni.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/ African Union 6th Region Diaspora Headquarters to be established in Accompong, Jamaica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311035309/https://thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/|date=11 March 2023}}, 24 January 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;Caribbean tiŋgbani shɛŋa nyɛla Africa din yihi di maŋ pahi tuma yaɣa ni, n-ti tabili [[Barbados]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Lorna|title=Barbados inks MOU with African Export-Import Bank|url=https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717182615/https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|archive-date=17 July 2022|access-date=17 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[the Bahamas]] ni [[Guyana]], din zaa pahi [[African Export–Import Bank]] ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 December 2022|title=Barbados Parliament ratifies Partnership Agreement with Afreximbank, as Guyanaand Bahamas join CARICOM signatories|url=https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323124813/https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|archive-date=23 March 2023|access-date=10 September 2023|website=African Export-Import Bank}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaha, [[Caribbean Development Bank]] dihila laɣim tum gbana ni n-ti [[African Development Bank]] (AfDB).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/ AfDB, CDB move to deepen Africa, Caribbean cooperation, sign MoU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625194438/https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/|date=25 June 2022}}, June 18, 2022&lt;/ref&gt; [[Antigua and Barbuda]] gba niŋ zaɣa ni Africa mini Caribbean.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-01-09|title=Antigua Airways is airborne and ready to become the &quot;pride of the Caribbean&quot;|url=https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423231330/https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua News Room|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=jennelsa.johnson|date=2023-04-17|title=Government has not given up on Antigua Airways as company seeks to make comeback|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424072842/https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amaa, din nyɛla din ʒi yɛli muɣisira na tiŋgbana loobu ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-28|title=3 dead, 13 missing in Caribbean sinking; 14 Africans saved|url=https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531093832/https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|archive-date=31 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=AP NEWS|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-29|title=Tragedy at sea: Boat carrying African migrants from Antigua capsizes near St Kitts|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520064903/https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|archive-date=20 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-31|title=Fury as gov't says it bears no responsibility for migrant boat tragedy|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419124847/https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|archive-date=19 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Less than 600 West African migrants remain in Antigua {{!}} Loop Caribbean News|url=https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910051756/https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|archive-date=10 September 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Loop News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-07|title=The migrants stranded on an island they had not heard of|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822235248/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|archive-date=22 August 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=BBC News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-02-11|title=Antigua Government says no automatic citizenship for stranded Africans|url=https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423182748/https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=CNW Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{main|Africa–China relations}}

==== Africa–China relations ====
Yaɣ'yini din daabiligu be tooni [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC). [[Forum on China–Africa Cooperation]] nyɛla daabiligu balibu noiŋbu Africa tiŋgbana ni mini China.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|pages=56|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tum FOCAC zaŋ gɔhi taba ni yuuni 2012, African Union gab nyɛla din tim nuu ni tabi-sɔŋ ni, amaa  Africantingbana din be FOCAC na kuli nyɛla din zani ti di maŋa sahakam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|page=57|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Africa–EU relations ====
Zaŋ jendi European Commission polo, European Union's biɛhigu ni Africa nyɛla din kpa talahi. Tooni ha Africa-EU laɣim tum niya ni European Commission mini European External Action Service nyɛla din kahigi Joint Communication ni &quot;Towards a Comprehensive Strategy with Africa&quot;. Di buɣisila laɣim tum ni:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|date=2020-11-03|title=Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085246/https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=International Partnerships - European Commission|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 52020JC0004 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516184133/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|archive-date=16 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=eur-lex.europa.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Green Transition and Energy Access
* Digital Transformation
* Sustainable Growth and Jobs&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mobilising Investments for African structural sustainable transformation {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513082259/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|archive-date=13 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Strengthening Resilience, Peace, Security and Governance {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085847/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Peace, Security and Governance&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot; /&gt;
* Migration and Mobility&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Migration and mobility {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085848/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Lahabali_kɔligu:Eritrea_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg|thumb|[[South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011]]]]
In response to the ongoing [[Darfur conflict]] in Sudan, the AU has deployed 7,000 peacekeepers, many from Rwanda and Nigeria, to [[Darfur]]. While a donor's conference in Addis Ababa in 2005 helped raise funds to sustain the peacekeepers through that year and into 2006, in July 2006 the AU said it would pull out at the end of September when its mandate expires.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=28 June 2006|title=AU Darfur mission 'to end soon'|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826204932/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|archive-date=26 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Critics of the AU peacekeepers, including [[Eric Reeves]], have said these forces are largely ineffective due to lack of funds, personnel, and expertise. Monitoring a large area has made it even more difficult to sustain an effective mission. In June 2006, the [[United States Congress]] appropriated US$173&amp;nbsp;million for the AU force. Some, such as the [[Genocide Intervention Network]], have called for UN or [[NATO]] intervention to augment and/or replace the AU peacekeepers. The UN has considered deploying a force, though it would not likely enter the country until at least October 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Security Council Authorises Deployment of United Nations-African Union 'Hybrid' Peace Operation in Bid To Resolve Darfur Conflict|url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc9089.doc.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815184454/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/sc9089.doc.htm|archive-date=15 August 2007|access-date=26 November 2012|publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; The under-funded and badly equipped AU mission was set to expire on 31 December 2006 but was extended to 30 June 2007 and merged with the [[United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur]] in October 2007. In July 2009 the African Union ceased cooperation with the [[International Criminal Court]], refusing to recognise the international arrest warrant it had issued against Sudan's leader, [[Omar al-Bashir]], who was indicted in 2008 for [[War crime|war crimes]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=5 July 2009|title=African move on Bashir dismissed|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225224733/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The AU struggled to have a strategic role in the independence talks and the reconciliation process of [[South Sudan]], due to overwhelming interests of African and non-African powers, its influence is still limited and not consistent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Sulaiman|first=Abubkar o.|author2=Agoha, Ifeanyi Chuckwu|date=1 October 2013|title=South Sudan Negotiated Independence: A Critique of African Union's Role|journal=European Journal of Sustainable Development|volume=2|issue=3|pages=145–154|bibcode=2013EJSD....2..145S|doi=10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n3p145|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Clear}}

== Economy ==
{{main|Economy of the African Union}}

[[African Continental Free Trade Area|African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)]] nyɛla bɛ ni daa piligi shɛli ni tiŋgbana pihinu ni anahi tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu maa puuni ka di daabilim nyɛ din daa piligi Silimiin goli January dahin yini yuuni 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shendruk|first=Amanda|date=2020-12-31|title=The world's largest free trade area starts up on Jan. 1, 2021|url=https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|access-date=2021-01-04|website=Quartz|language=en|archive-date=4 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104075017/https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[African Export–Import Bank]], nyɛla din yɛn tabi sɔŋ ka bɛ piligi [[Pan-African Payment and Settlement System]]..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |title=Profile: African Union |date=1 July 2006 |access-date=10 July 2006 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060712034155/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |archive-date=12 July 2006 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Clear}}
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]]
(km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|title=The World Bank DataBank {{!}} Explore. Create. Share|website=databank.worldbank.org|access-date=4 February 2017|archive-date=7 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107162640/http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[List of countries by population|Population]]
{{UN_Population|Year}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |title=2015 Human Development Report |last=Office |first=Human Development Report |website=report.hdr.undp.org |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211223435/http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016 |title=The Fragile States Index 2016 {{!}} The Fund for Peace|website=fsi.fundforpeace.org|access-date=12 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204213240/http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016|archive-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2016 |last=e.V. |first=Transparency International |newspaper=transparency.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=30 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170130045244/http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/index/ |title=Index of Economic Freedom: Promoting Economic Opportunity and Prosperity by Country |website=www.heritage.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=29 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629215405/http://www.heritage.org/index/ |url-status=unfit }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016 |title=Vision of Humanity |website=static.visionofhumanity.org |access-date=12 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213091208/http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016|archive-date=13 February 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Press Freedom Index|WPFI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://rsf.org/en/ranking|title=2016 World Press Freedom Index {{!}} Reporters Without Borders|newspaper=RSF|access-date=12 February 2017|archive-date=1 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201195036/https://rsf.org/en/ranking|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |title=Democracy Index 2016 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224070253/http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |archive-date=24 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Country|Algeria}}
|2,381,741
|{{UN_Population|Algeria}}
|548,293,085,686
|13,823
|0.736
|78.3
|34
|50.06
|2.21
|41.69
|3.56
|-
|{{Country|Angola}}
|1,246,700
|{{UN_Population|Angola}}
|173,593,223,667
|6,938
|0.532
|90.5
|18
|48.94
|2.14
|39.89
|3.40
|-
|{{Country|Benin}}
|112,760
|{{UN_Population|Benin}}
|21,016,184,357
|1,932
|0.48
|78.9
|36
|59.31
|2.00
|28.97
|5.67
|-
|{{Country|Botswana}}
|566,730
|{{UN_Population|Botswana}}
|33,657,545,969
|14,876
|0.698
|63.5
|60
|71.07
|1.64
|22.91
|7.87
|-
|{{Country|Burkina Faso}}
|273,600
|{{UN_Population|Burkina Faso}}
|28,840,666,622
|1,593
|0.402
|89.4
|42
|59.09
|2.06
|22.66
|4.70
|-
|{{Country|Burundi}}
|25,680
|{{UN_Population|Burundi}}
|7,634,578,343
|300
|0.4
|100.7
|20
|53.91
|2.50
|54.10
|2.40
|-
|{{Country|Cape Verde}}
|4,030
|{{UN_Population|Cape Verde}}
|3,205,197,585
|6,158
|0.646
|71.5
|59
|66.46
|N/A
|19.82
|7.94
|-
|{{Country|Cameroon}}
|472,710
|{{UN_Population|Cameroon}}
|68,302,439,597
|2,926
|0.512
|97.8
|26
|54.18
|2.36
|40.53
|3.46
|-
|{{Country|Central African Republic}}
|622,980
|{{UN_Population|Central African Republic}}
|2,847,726,468
|581
|0.35
|112.1
|20
|45.23
|3.35
|33.60
|1.61
|-
|{{Country|Chad}}
|1,259,200
|{{UN_Population|Chad}}
|28,686,194,920
|2,044
|0.392
|110.1
|20
|46.33
|2.46
|40.59
|1.50
|-
|{{Country|Comoros}}
|1,861
|{{UN_Population|Comoros}}
|1,098,546,195
|1,393
|0.503
|83.8
|24
|52.35
|N/A
|24.33
|3.71
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Democratic Republic of the}}
|2,267,050
|{{UN_Population|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|56,920,935,460
|300
|0.433
|
|21
|46.38
|3.11
|50.97
|1.93
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Republic of the}}
|341,500
|{{UN_Population|Congo}}
|27,690,345,067
|5,993
|0.591
|92.2
|20
|42.80
|2.25
|35.84
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Djibouti}}
|23,180
|{{UN_Population|Djibouti}}
|2,911,406,226
|3,279
|0.47
|89.7
|30
|55.96
|2.29
|70.90
|2.83
|-
|{{Country|Egypt}}
|1,010,407
|{{UN_Population|Egypt}}
|1,173,000,000,000
|10,250
|0.69
|90.2
|34
|55.96
|2.57
|54.45
|3.31
|-
|{{Country|Equatorial Guinea}}
|28,050
|{{UN_Population|Equatorial Guinea}}
|32,317,928,931
|38,243
|0.587
|85.2
|N/A
|43.67
|1.94
|66.47
|1.70
|-
|{{Country|Eritrea}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |title=Eritrea |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121011902/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|101,000
|{{UN_Population|Eritrea}}
|8,845,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.391
|98.6
|18
|42.7
|2.46
|83.92
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Eswatini}}
|17,204
|{{UN_Population|Eswatini}}
|10,452,834,007
|8,122
|0.531
|87.6
|N/A
|59.65
|2.07
|52.37
|3.03
|-
|{{Country|Ethiopia}}
|1,104,300
|{{UN_Population|Ethiopia}}
|152,057,290,468
|1,530
|0.442
|97.2
|34
|51.52
|2.28
|45.13
|3.60
|-
|{{Country|Gabon}}
|257,670
|{{UN_Population|Gabon}}
|32,539,376,597
|18,860
|0.684
|72
|35
|58.96
|2.03
|32.20
|3.74
|-
|{{Country|Gambia, The}}
|10,120
|{{UN_Population|Gambia}}
|3,140,820,062
|1,578
|0.441
|86.8
|26
|57.14
|2.09
|46.53
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Ghana}}
|227,540
|{{UN_Population|Ghana}}
|108,393,071,924
|3,955
|0.579
|71.2
|43
|63.00
|1.81
|17.95
|6.75
|-
|{{Country|Guinea}}
|245,720
|{{UN_Population|Guinea}}
|14,316,884,358
|1,135
|0.411
|103.8
|27
|53.33
|2.15
|33.08
|3.14
|-
|{{Country|Guinea-Bissau}}
|28,120
|{{UN_Population|Guinea-Bissau}}
|2,521,743,682
|1,367
|0.42
|99.8
|16
|51.81
|2.26
|29.03
|1.98
|-
|{{Country|Ivory Coast}}
|318,000
|{{UN_Population|Ivory Coast}}
|74,916,780,423
|3,300
|0.462
|97.9
|34
|60.01
|2.28
|30.17
|3.81
|-
|{{Country|Kenya}}
|569,140
|{{UN_Population|Kenya}}
|133,592,522,053
|2,901
|0.548
|98.3
|26
|57.51
|2.38
|31.16
|5.33
|-
|{{Country|Lesotho}}
|30,360
|{{UN_Population|Lesotho}}
|5,914,437,068
|2,770
|0.497
|80.9
|39
|50.62
|1.94
|28.78
|6.59
|-
|{{Country|Liberia}}
|96,320
|{{UN_Population|Liberia}}
|3,533,313,381
|500
|0.43
|95.5
|37
|52.19
|2.00
|30.71
|5.31
|-
|{{Country|Libya}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya/ |title=Libya |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109235257/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,759,540
|{{UN_Population|Libya}}
|94,010,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|14,900&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.724
|96.4
|14
|N/A
|3.20
|57.89
|2.25
|-
|{{Country|Madagascar}}
|581,800
|{{UN_Population|Madagascar}}
|33,354,200,458
|1,376
|0.51
|84.2
|26
|61.06
|1.76
|27.04
|5.07
|-
|{{Country|Malawi}}
|94,280
|{{UN_Population|Malawi}}
|19,137,290,349
|1,112
|0.445
|87.6
|31
|51.8
|1.82
|28.12
|5.55
|-
|{{Country|Mali}}
|1,220,190
|{{UN_Population|Mali}}
|33,524,899,739
|1,905
|0.419
|95.2
|32
|56.54
|2.49
|39.83
|5.70
|-
|{{Country|Mauritania}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |title=Mauritania |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=7 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107034713/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,030,700
|{{UN_Population|Mauritania}}
|16,190,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|4,400&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.506
|95.4
|27
|54.8
|2.30
|24.03
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Mauritius}}
|2,030
|{{UN_Population|Mauritius}}
|23,817,914,134
|18,864
|0.777
|43.2
|54
|74.73
|1.56
|27.69
|8.28
|-
|{{Country|Morocco}}
|446,300
|{{UN_Population|Morocco}}
|257,398,957,178
|7,365
|0.628
|74.2
|37
|61.27
|2.09
|42.64
|4.77
|-
|{{Country|Mozambique}}
|786,380
|{{UN_Population|Mozambique}}
|31,326,751,237
|1,120
|0.416
|87.8
|27
|53.19
|1.96
|30.25
|4.02
|-
|{{Country|Namibia}}
|823,290
|{{UN_Population|Namibia}}
|24,043,436,006
|9,778
|0.628
|71.1
|52
|61.85
|1.87
|15.15
|6.31
|-
|{{Country|Niger}}
|1,266,700
|{{UN_Population|Niger}}
|17,857,377,171
|897
|0.348
|98.4
|35
|54.26
|2.24
|24.62
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Nigeria}}
|910,770
|{{UN_Population|Nigeria}}
|1,168,000,000,000
|5,639
|0.514
|103.5
|28
|57.46
|2.88
|35.90
|4.50
|-
|{{Country|Rwanda}}
|24,670
|{{UN_Population|Rwanda}}
|19,216,033,048
|1,655
|0.483
|91.3
|54
|63.07
|2.32
|54.61
|3.07
|-
|{{Country|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|960
|{{UN_Population|Sao Tome and Principe}}
|575,391,345
|3,023
|0.555
|72.9
|46
|56.71
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Senegal}}
|192,530
|{{UN_Population|Senegal}}
|34,398,281,018
|2,274
|0.466
|83.6
|45
|58.09
|1.98
|27.99
|6.21
|-
|{{Country|Seychelles}}
|460
|{{UN_Population|Seychelles}}
|2,384,515,771
|25,525
|0.772
|60.2
|N/A
|62.2
|N/A
|30.60
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sierra Leone}}
|72,180
|{{UN_Population|Sierra Leone}}
|9,511,431,824
|1,474
|0.413
|91
|30
|52.31
|1.81
|29.94
|4.55
|-
|{{Country|Somalia}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/ |title=Somalia |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=1 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701190026/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|627,340
|{{UN_Population|Somalia}}
|5,900,000,000&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|114
|10
|N/A
|3.41
|65.35
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|South Africa}}
|1,213,090
|{{UN_Population|South Africa}}
|742,461,000,000
|12,393
|0.666
|69.9
|45
|61.9
|2.32
|21.92
|7.41
|-
|{{Country|South Sudan}}
|619,745
|{{UN_Population|South Sudan}}
|21,484,823,398
|1,741
|0.467
|113.8
|11
|N/A
|3.59
|44.87
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sudan}}
|1,886,086
|{{UN_Population|Sudan}}
|165,813,461,495
|4,121
|0.479
|111.5
|14
|N/A
|3.27
|72.53
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Tanzania}}
|885,800
|{{UN_Population|United Republic of Tanzania}}
|130,297,806,032
|2,510
|0.521
|81.8
|32
|58.46
|1.90
|28.65
|5.76
|-
|{{Country|Togo}}
|54,390
|{{UN_Population|Togo}}
|10,018,697,437
|1,372
|0.484
|85.8
|32
|53.64
|1.95
|30.31
|3.32
|-
|{{Country|Tunisia}}
|155,360
|{{UN_Population|Tunisia}}
|121,200,025,401
|10,770
|0.721
|74.6
|41
|57.55
|1.95
|31.60
|6.40
|-
|{{Country|Uganda}}
|200,520
|{{UN_Population|Uganda}}
|67,856,334,117
|1,738
|0.483
|97.7
|25
|59.26
|2.15
|32.58
|5.26
|-
|{{Country|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 June 2007 |title=Western Sahara |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|266,000
|{{UN_Population|Western Sahara}}
|906,500,000&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2,500&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Zambia}}
|743,390
|{{UN_Population|Zambia}}
|58,400,082,027
|3,602
|0.586
|86.3
|38
|58.79
|1.78
|35.08
|5.99
|-
|{{Country|Zimbabwe}}
|386,850
|{{UN_Population|Zimbabwe}}
|26,180,942,292
|500
|0.509
|100.5
|22
|38.23
|2.32
|40.41
|3.05
|-
|'''{{noflag|African Union}}'''
|30,370,000
|{{UN_Population|Africa}}
|5,457,724,064,668
|4,602
|0.524&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|88.99&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|31.51&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|55.55&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2.27
|37.89
|4.30
|-
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]] (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015
![[List of countries by population|Population]] {{UN_Population|Year}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016
![[Reporters Without Borders|WPFI]]
2016
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016
|}

== Lihimi m-pahi ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Africa Adaptation Initiative]]
* [[African Century]]
* [[African Peer Review Mechanism]]
* [[African Renaissance]]
* [[African Standby Force]]
* [[African Unification Front]]
* [[Africanisation]]
* [[Central Asian Union]]
* [[East African Federation]]
* [[Ezulwini agreement]]
* [[Friends of the African Union]]
* [[Indigenous peoples of Africa]]
* [[List of country groupings]]
* [[List of multilateral free-trade agreements]]
* [[Climate adaptation|Prevention of environmental migration]]
* [[Pan-Africanism]]
* [[Pan-African Women's Organization]]
{{div col end}}

== Noosi ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==Kundivihira==
=== Sources ===
{{Reflist}}

=== General and cited references ===
{{Library resources box}}
* [https://web.archive.org</text>
      <sha1>69jc3qrwvapy829h1qls3vhm472jq9d</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>115026</id>
      <parentid>115025</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-09T13:45:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdul Rahman Abdul Kudus</username>
        <id>5829</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>n yihiya linki</comment>
      <origin>115026</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="98206" sha1="amd7rjoabx91gl1c9p8jv2ilsevplwe" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Continental union of African states}}
{{For|the predecessor organisation|Organisation of African Unity}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox geopolitical organisation
| conventional_long_name = African Union
| native_name            = {{Name in various languages
 | name = {{nobold|''(in other official languages)''}}
 | ar = الاتحاد الأفريقي
 | fr = Union africaine
 | pt = União Africana
 | es = Unión Africana
 | sw = Umoja wa Afrika
 }}
| linking_name           = the African Union
| image_flag             = Flag of the African Union.svg
| alt_flag               = Flag of the African Union
| alt_symbol             = 
| symbol_width           = 85px
| motto                  = &quot;A United and Strong Africa&quot;
| anthem                 = &quot;[[Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html |title=African Union anthem, etc |publisher=Africamasterweb.com |access-date=26 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915041714/http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html | archive-date=15 September 2015 | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{center|}}{{Align|center| |style=margin-top:0em}}
| image_map              = Map of the African Union with Suspended States.svg
| alt_map                = An [[Orthographic projection (cartography)|orthographic projection]] of [[Earth|the world]], highlighting the African Union and its member states (green).
| map_width              = 220px
| map_caption            = {{legend2|#2A5C2B|Member states}}&lt;br /&gt;{{legend2|#00D500|Suspended states}}
| org_type               = [[Continental union]]
| membership_type        = Membership
| membership             = {{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
 |title = [[Member states of the African Union|55 member states]]
|{{flag|Algeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Angola|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Benin|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Botswana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Burkina Faso|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp|Suspended}}
|{{flag|Burundi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cameroon|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cape Verde|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Central African Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Chad|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Comoros|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Djibouti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Egypt|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eritrea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eswatini|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ethiopia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Gabon|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Gambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ghana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Guinea|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ivory Coast|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kenya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Lesotho|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Liberia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Libya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Madagascar|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Malawi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mali|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Mauritania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mauritius|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Morocco|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mozambique|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Namibia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Niger|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Nigeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Rwanda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sahrawi Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Senegal|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Seychelles|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sierra Leone|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Somalia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Africa|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Sudan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sudan|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Tanzania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Togo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Tunisia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Uganda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zimbabwe|size=23px}}
}}
{{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
|title = 9 observer states
|{{flag|Haiti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kazakhstan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Latvia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mexico|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Palestine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Serbia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Turkey|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ukraine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates|size=23px}}
}}
| admin_center_type      = Political centres
| admin_center           = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Addis Ababa]]&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;}} |{{nowrap|[[Johannesburg]]&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;}}}}
| largest_settlement_type = urban agglomerations
| largest_city           = 
| largest_settlement     = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Cairo]]}} |{{nowrap|[[Lagos]]}}}}
| languages_type         = Official languages
| languages              = {{hlist | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] | [[English language|English]] | [[French language|French]] | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]]  | [[Swahili language|Swahili]] | and any other [[Languages of Africa|African language]]&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;}}
| demonym                = African
| leader_title1          = [[Chairperson of the African Union|Chairperson]]
| leader_name1           = [[João Lourenço]]
| leader_title2          = [[Chairperson of the African Union Commission|Commission Chairperson]]
| leader_name2           = [[Mahamoud Ali Youssouf]]
| leader_title3          = [[Pan-African Parliament#Presidents of the Pan-African Parliament|Parliamentary President]]
| leader_name3           = [[Fortune Z. Charumbira]]
| legislature            = [[Pan-African Parliament]]
| established_event1     = [[Organisation of African Unity|OAU Charter]]
| established_date1      = 25 May 1963
| established_event2     = [[Abuja Treaty]]
| established_date2      = 3 June 1991
| established_event3     = [[Sirte Declaration]]
| established_date3      = 9 September 1999
| established_event4     = African Union founded
| established_date4      = {{start date and age|2002|07|09}}
| established_event5     = [[History of South Sudan|Admission of]] [[South Sudan]]
| established_date5      = 9 July 2011
| established_event6     = [[Member states of the African Union|Admission of]] [[Morocco]]
| established_date6      = 31 January 2017
| established_event7     = [[African Continental Free Trade Area]] (AfCFTA)
| established_date7      = 1 January 2021
| area_km2               = 29,922,059&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2016&quot;&gt;Corresponds to the terrestrial surface. Including the [[Exclusive Economic Zones]] of each member state, the total area is 43 434 569&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 1,494,988,668{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $8.990 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO/WEOWORLD/IDN/AFQ.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668%2C672%2C612%2C614%2C674%2C676%2C678%2C682%2C684%2C638%2C686%2C688%2C616%2C728%2C748%2C618%2C624%2C692%2C694%2C622%2C626%2C628%2C632%2C636%2C634%2C662%2C611%2C714%2C716%2C469%2C722%2C642%2C643%2C718%2C724%2C734%2C644%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C652%2C732%2C656%2C654%2C738%2C742%2C744%2C746%2C664%2C754%2C666%2C698&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |access-date=8 February 2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714135232/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668,672,612,614,674,676,678,682,684,638,686,688,616,728,748,618,624,692,694,622,626,628,632,636,634,662,611,714,716,469,722,642,643,718,724,734,644,726,646,199,648,733,652,732,656,654,738,742,744,746,664,754,666,698&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,LP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion|Excluding Western Sahara due to lack of data}}
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2024
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $6,330&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal            = {{decrease}} $2.81 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion}}
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2024
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{decrease}} $1,960&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.577
| HDI_year               = 2020
| cctld                  = [[.africa]]
| footnotes              = {{unbulleted list |&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[African Union Commission]]. |&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[Pan-African Parliament]].}}
| official_website       = {{URL|https://au.int}}
| area_rank              = 
| today                  = 
}}

'''African Union''' ('''AU''') nyɛla tiŋgbani bɔbugu laɣingu zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu&lt;ref name=&quot;UIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100033436 |url-access= |title=African Union (AU) |author1=Staff writer |year=2025 |department=UIA Global Civil Society Database |website=uia.org |publisher=[[Union of International Associations]] |agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online |location=Brussels, Belgium |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date=8 January 2025 |via= |quote= |trans-quote= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Member States AU-UN |url=https://www.africanunion-un.org/memberstates |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka nyɛ din be [[Africa]]. AU nyɛla bɛ ni daa niŋ shɛli laɣngu Sirte Declaration din be Sirte, Libya Silimiin goli September yuuni 1999, ka bɛ niya daa nyɛ bɛ kpa African Union. Bɛ daa piligi li Silimiin goli July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002  Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_&amp;_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union,%209%20July%202002.htm |title=Launch of the African Union, 9 July 2002: Address by the chairperson of the AU, President Thabo Mbeki |first=Thabo |last=Mbeki |date=9 July 2002 |publisher=africa-union.org |location=ABSA Stadium, Durban, South Africa |access-date=8 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503210549/http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_%26_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union%2C%209%20July%202002.htm |archive-date=3 May 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ daa mali lala niya ni AU nyɛla di ni tooi zani [[Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU) zani, di nyɛla bɛ ni daa kpa shɛli Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1963 ka di ni daa piligi shɛli nyɛ [[Addis Ababa]], gomnantinima pihita ni ayi nyɛ ban daa dihi bɛ nuhi gbana zuɣu zaŋ n-ti li; OAU ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa kari shɛli Silimiin goli  July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002 [[Durban]], [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;/&gt; 

African Union ŋɔ nyɛla din mali salo ban kalinli gari 1.3 &quot;billion&quot; ka di tiŋgbani galisim paai kamani  {{convert|30|e6km2|e6sqmi|sigfig=2|abbr=unit}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Manboah-Rockson |first1=Joseph |title=Politics &amp; the Struggle for Democracy in Ghana: An Introduction to Political Science |date=23 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Balli shɛŋa din be di ni nyɛ  [[Arabic]], [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], n-ti pahi [[Swahili language|Swahili]].&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://au.int/en/about/languages |title=AU Languages |access-date=2 May 2021 |publisher=African Union |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407001442/https://au.int/en/about/languages |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

[[G20]] (Group of 20) laɣingu din daa niŋ [[New Delhi]], [[India]] yuuni 2023, African Union nyɛla ban daa kpɛ G20.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=September 9, 2023 |title=African Union made permanent member of G20 at Delhi summit |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/09/african-union-made-permanent-member-of-g20-at-delhi-summit |access-date=December 12, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Overview ==
African Union niyanima n-nyɛ:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Constitutive Act|url=https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415235637/https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|archive-date=15 April 2020|access-date=2 May 2021|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;

# Di ʒi nangbanyini din mali yaa na, taba laɣimbu ni Africa tinsi mini [[Africa|African]] tingbana taba puu biɛri taba zuɣu.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi maŋsulinsi, tiŋgbana taba shebu ni tiŋgbani din kam be din ni maŋsulinsi.
# Ni di kpaŋsi siyaasa mini biɛhigu-daabiligu laɣimbu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋgbana taba sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 November 2024|title=Evolution of Geopolitical Dynamics in Africa|url=https://www.guambia.com.uy/67/evolution-of-geopolitical-dynamics-in-africa/2312/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=Guambia}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The New Power Play in Africa: Russia, China, and the Shifting Sands of Influence|url=https://kcsgroup.com/the-new-power-play-in-africa-russia-china-and-the-shifting-sands-of-influence/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=KCS Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ni di kpaŋsi ka gu ka taɣi [[Africa|African]] zaashee zaŋ chaŋ bɛ suhuyurilim polo di tiŋgbani yaɣa mini di niriba sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi daabiligu tiŋgban sunsuuni, ka mali [[Charter of the United Nations]] mini [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] tumdi tuma.
# Ni di kpaŋsi suhudoo, niriba gubu, ni tiŋgbani yaɣa zanibu chibi.
# Ni di kmpaŋsi maŋsulinsi zalisi, ni gɔmnanti tali din niŋ dede.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi ninsalinima mini niriba fukumsi din be [[African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights]] ni mini &quot;[[International human rights instruments|human rights instruments]]&quot; yaɣa din niŋ talahi.
# Ni di zali zalisi din kpa talahi ka che ka tiŋgbani yaɣa maa tumdi di tuma dunia daabiligu ni ni shaawara gbaabu tiŋgbana sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim din nyɛ soha-biɛɣuni dini zaŋti daabiligu,biɛhigu ni kaya ni taɣada biɛhigu ni Africa daabiligu yaɣa zaŋ laɣim taba.
# Ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ninsalisili yaɣa kam n duhi biɛri suŋ Africanima sunsuuni.
# To coordinate and harmonise the policies between the existing and future [[Regional Economic Communities]] for the gradual attainment of the objectives of the Union.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim tiŋgbana yaɣa maa ni din dalim vihigu niŋbu, di bahi bahindi tabiibi mini tabiibi zaŋ tum tuma.
# Ni di mini tiŋgbana laɣim tum n-kpihim dɔriti din mali taɣibu mini alaafee kpaŋsibu tiŋgbana ni.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm Africa-union.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604051527/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm|date=4 June 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
{{Main|History of the African Union|History of Africa}}

African Union taarihi pilila &quot;'''First Congress of Independent African States&quot;''', din daa niŋ [[Accra]], [[Ghana]] bini din gbaai Anashaara goli April biɛɣu pinaanu zaŋ chaŋ biɛɣu pishinaayi yuuni 1958. Laɣingu maa niya daa nyɛla di kpa [[Africa Day]], n-ti tabili [[Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU), din daa kpa Anashaara goli May biɛɣu pishinaanu yuuni 1963, ni [[African Economic Community]] yuuni 1991.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210205406/http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may|date=10 December 2018}} South African History Online (SAHO), 15 May 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ansarisi maaniba daa ŋme nangbankpeeni ni OAU ka nuu timbu shɛli ninsalilnima fukumsi ni .&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2115736&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Reynolds|first=Paul|date=8 July 2002|title=African Union replaces dictators' club|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601025542/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|archive-date=1 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tɛha din tahi AU kpabu na nyɛla din daa labi niŋ nyɛvuli 1990s sunsuuni Libyan tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Muammar al-Gaddafi]] saha;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Adebajo|first=Adekeye|date=2011-08-26|title=Gaddafi: the man who would be king of Africa|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011605/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Guardian|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbana zuɣulana mini kpɛma zaŋti OAU daa yina ni [[Sirte Declaration]] (bɛ ni daa zaŋ Sirte, Libya yuli boli shɛli) Anashaara goli September dabaa awɔi yuuni 1999, ka daa ŋmeri kuŋ bɔri African Union nambu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-12-05|title=The African Union After Gaddafi|url=http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410172928/http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|archive-date=10 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 10, 2001|title=African leaders elect OAU boss|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414032647/https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-08-27|title=New Partnership for Africa's Development – NEPAD {{!}} Poverty Eradication|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419153619/https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html|archive-date=19 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=www.un.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

African Union suuna daa niŋla [[Durban]] Anashaara goli July dabaa awɔi yuuni 2002 ni di tuuli ʒia kuɣulana, South Africa tiŋgbani zuɣulana kuro [[Thabo Mbeki]], Assembly of the African Union tuuli yaɣili ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-11-18|title=The African Union is launched|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416010303/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|archive-date=16 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=Africa Renewal|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Assembly yaɣili din pahiri ayi daa niŋla [[Maputo]] yuuni 2003 ka din pahiri ata daa niŋ [[Addis Ababa]] Anashaara goli July dabaa ayɔbu yuuni 2004.

Tum yuuni 2010, African Union daa mali niya ni di kpa &quot;African [[space agency]]&quot; laɣim taba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=5 September 2010|title=Africa prepares to join the big boys in the space race|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116213335/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|archive-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=6 September 2012|title=Sudanese president calls for African space agency|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102203403/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|archive-date=2 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=11 September 2012|title=Africa eyes joint space agency|url=http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021070210/http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|archive-date=21 October 2013|access-date=21 October 2013|publisher=Phys.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Ezigbo|first1=Onyebuchi|last2=Okpara|first2=Lois|date=9 August 2010|title=AU to Establish African Space Agency|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212084442/http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|archive-date=12 February 2014|access-date=11 December 2015|publisher=All Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Barack Obama]] n daa nyɛ tuuli United States tiŋgbani zuɣulana ŋun ʒi gbana ni ka di alizama African Union ni Addis Ababa Anashaara goli July biɛɣu pihita yini ka dali yuuni 2015. O daa alizama dibu ni, o daa kpaŋsiya ni dunisnims laɣindi niŋdi daabiligu ka tabiri sɔŋdi shikuru baŋsim tooni chandi ni, ni lɛbiginsim mini dahi yɛligibu. Amaa, o daa lahi galim suhuyurilim ni ka tiŋgbani shɛŋa ni mini gɔmnantinima ban zaɣisi sheebu ni, ban bi galisi gaŋbu (n-ti tabili ninuɣ'shɛba ban be [[LGBT]] ni, adiininima mini laɣinsi zuliyanima ni) ni kɔriŋ fahili.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Carol E.|date=28 July 2015|title=Obama Becomes First U.S. President to Address African Union|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|url-status=live|access-date=29 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729094216/http://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|archive-date=29 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 July 2015|title=Remarks by President Obama to the People of Africa|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120220442/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|archive-date=20 January 2017|access-date=29 July 2015|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|via=[[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Treaties ===
{{AU evolution timeline}}

== Siyaasa ==

:
; Financial institutions

* [[African Central Bank]] – [[Abuja]], Nigeria
* [[African Investment Bank]] – [[Tripoli, Libya]]
* [[African Monetary Fund]] – [[Yaoundé]], Cameroon

Lala tuma duri ŋɔ na bi kpa; amaa, komitiinima ban be di kpabu ni nyɛla bɛ ni piigi shɛba. Lal n-nyɛli,  AU malila niya ni di diri laɣ'yini ([[Afro (currency)|Afro]]).

; Alaafee
: [[Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention]] (Africa CDC), daa kpala yuuni 2016 ka di suuna niŋ yuuni 2017. Di tuma du'zuɣuri be la Addis Ababa Ethiopia.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int-2017-01-31&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-01-31|title=Africa CDC Official Launch|url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630023917/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-date=30 June 2018|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb.int-2017-02-02&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-02-02|title=The African Union launches Africa CDC, a Continent-wide Public Health Agency|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180037/https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|work=[[Reliefweb]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc.gov-2017-07-27&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-07-27|title=Africa CDC: Improving Disease Detection and Emergency Response on the African Continent|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180936/https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Inspection visit to Africa CDC Headquarters building site|url=https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205114846/https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|archive-date=5 February 2022|access-date=2022-02-05|website=Africa CDC|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; Ninsalinima fukumsi
: [[African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights]], nyɛla din beni tum yuuni 1986, di be la [[African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights]] fukumsi ni (African Charter) amaa ka ni Constitutive Act of the African Union.
; Polo
: [[African Space Agency]] nyɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2023. Di tuma du'zuɣu be la Cairo.
; Yaa
: [[African Energy Commission]] daa nYɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2008, ka be Algiers.

=== Tiŋgbana din be din ni ===
{{Main|Member states of the African Union}}

[[Member states of the United Nations|UN member states]] din be Africa mini African islands zaa bela AU, ka nyɛ yaɣ'shɛli din tabi [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] (SADR). [[Morocco]] daa yila Organisation of African Unity ni yuuni 1984 ka di nyɛla SADR sulinsi ni ka di daa be, ka di tiŋgbani yaɣili [[Western Sahara]] daa zaŋli kpehi di maŋsulinsi ni.  AU daa lahi labi deei li Anashaara goli January biɛɣu pihita yuuni 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;worldbulletin&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=30 January 2017|title=Morocco rejoins African Union|publisher=Worldbulletin|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|url-status=usurped|access-date=31 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720013737/http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|archive-date=20 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Somaliland]], din nyɛ [[Somalia]] ni deei shɛli, daa sabi gbaŋ ti ni di kpe AU yuuni 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nelson&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Nelson, Elizabeth A.|title=Regional Politics and State Secession|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|year=2021|isbn=978-1-83910-377-3|pages=105}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mali nyɛla bɛ nin daa naa yihi shɛba African Union ni saha biɛla sunsuuni Anashaara goli 19 August 2020 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu niŋ naai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=African Union suspends Mali following coup|work=Agence France-Presse, Reuters|publisher=Deutsche Welle|url=https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913003040/https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|archive-date=13 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anashaara goli 9 October lala yuuni ŋɔ yaha, [[Peace and Security Council]] zaŋti African Union daa paai lala yihibu fukumsi ŋɔ Mali zuɣi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union lifts Mali's suspension imposed in the wake of coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009202811/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|archive-date=9 October 2020|access-date=2020-10-09|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Bɛ daa lahi labi zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa tiŋgbani maa zuɣu Anashaara goli June dahin yini dali yuuni 2021, di sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu ni daa lahi niŋ chira awɔi sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2 June 2021|title=African Union announces 'immediate suspension' of Mali after second coup|work=France 24, Reuters, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912141924/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lala fukumsi ŋɔ daa pani Guinea gba zuɣu African Union ni ANashaara goli September biɛɣu pia dali yuuni 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Alpha Condé]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=10 September 2021|title=African Union suspends Guinea after coup, as envoys arrive for talks|work=France 24, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912022912/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sudan gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pani shɛli zuɣu Anashaara goli 27 October 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmananti shee tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Abdalla Hamdok]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union suspends Sudan over coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027130242/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|archive-date=27 October 2021|access-date=2021-10-27|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Burkina Faso gba nyɛla lala fukumsi ŋɔ ni daa pani shɛli zuɣu African Union ni bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu Anashaara goli 31 January 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AU suspends Burkina Faso after coup as envoys head for talks|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062926/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|archive-date=23 December 2022|access-date=2022-01-31|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nige gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛba zuɣu Anashaara goli 22 August 2023 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣula [[Mohamed Bazoum]]; tum din saha ka [[2023 Nigerien crisis]] pili.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2023-08-22|title=African Union suspends participation of Niger following coup|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|url-status=live|access-date=2023-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906024202/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|archive-date=6 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gabon gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛli zuɣu 31 August 2023 bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmananti sheei [[Ali Bongo Ondimba]] nyaaŋa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Newspaper|first=The Peninsula|date=2023-08-31|title=African Union says to 'immediately suspend' Gabon after coup|url=https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902185942/http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|archive-date=2 September 2023|access-date=2023-08-31|website=thepeninsulaqatar.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{TOC limit|3}}


== Members ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{DZA}}
* {{AGO}}
* {{BEN}}
* {{BWA}}
* {{BFA}} (suspended)
* {{BDI}}
* {{CMR}}
* {{CPV}}
* {{CAF}}
* {{TCD}}
* {{COM}}
* {{COD}}
* {{COG}}
* {{DJI}}
* {{EGY}}
* {{GNQ}}
* {{ERI}}
* {{SWZ}}
* {{ETH}}
* {{GAB}}
* {{GMB}}
* {{GHA}}
* {{GIN}} (suspended)
* {{GNB}}
* {{CIV}}
* {{KEN}}
* {{LSO}}
* {{LBR}}
* {{LBY}}
* {{MDG}}
* {{MWI}}
* {{MLI}} (suspended)
* {{MRT}}
* {{MUS}}
* {{MAR}}
* {{MOZ}}
* {{NAM}}
* {{NER}} (suspended)
* {{NGA}}
* {{RWA}}
* {{SADR}}
* {{STP}}
* {{SEN}}
* {{SYC}}
* {{SLE}}
* {{SOM}}
* {{ZAF}}
* {{SSD}}
* {{SDN}} (suspended)
* {{TZA}}
* {{TGO}}
* {{TUN}}
* {{UGA}}
* {{ZMB}}
* {{ZWE}}
{{div col end}}

==== Observers ====
* {{HAI}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Haiti Will Not Join the African Union |url=https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |website=Haiti Hub |access-date=22 June 2023 |date=22 May 2016 |archive-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622142803/https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ISR}} (suspended as of February 2023)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|title=African Union says Israel's observer status suspended|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908195006/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |author=((i24NEWS)) |date=2022-02-06 |title=Israel dispute erupts at African Union summit |language=en |work=Ynetnews |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |access-date=2022-02-06 |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151241/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{KAZ}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstan's Observer status at the African Union: What Does It Mean for Africa? |url=https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=www.igd.org.za |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327081029/https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{LAT}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-01-11|url=http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|title=Latvia becomes observer to African Union|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia]]|website=www.mfa.gov.lv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918030201/http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|archive-date=18 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{MEX}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-06-18 |title=Chairperson Receives the Credentials of the First Permanent Observer of Mexico to the African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |website=au.int |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901115222/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|Palestine}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-05-27 |title=AU grants Palestine observer status |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |publisher=[[Egypt Independent]] |first=Fathya |last=el-Dakhakhni |website=egyptindependent.com |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=29 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229042151/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{SRB}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 January 2014|language=sr-latn|title=Mrkić na samitu u Adis Abebi|url=https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|website=b92.net|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=16 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071458/https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{TUR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-11 |title=What's driving Turkey's commercial &amp; military relations with Africa? |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en-US |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151227/https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{UKR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-06-22 |title=Ukraine has obtained the observer status in the African Union |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] |website=mfa.gov.ua |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071456/https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ARE}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chairperson Receives Credentials of the Permanent Observer of the United Arab Emirates. {{!}} African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=au.int |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151252/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== African Union tuma ====
{{Supranational African Bodies|align=right|size=500px}}Yuuni 1980 [[Lagos Plan of Action for the Development of Africa]] mini yuuni 1991 varisigu ni African Economic Community kpabu (bɛ ni lahi booni shɛli Abuja Treaty), daa yina ni tɛha din nyɛ [[Regional Economic Communities]] (RECs) kpabu ni niŋ binshɛli din yɛn laɣim Africa taba.&lt;ref&gt;See note on [https://web.archive.org/web/20040906140832/http://www.dfa.gov.za/docs/2003/au0815.htm The Role of the Regional Economic Communities (RECs) as the Building Blocks of the African Union] prepared by the South African Department of Foreign Affairs.&lt;/ref&gt;

Saha ŋɔ, RECs dibaa anii m-be AU. Din nima n-nyɛ:

* [[Arab Maghreb Union]] (AMU)
* [[Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa]] (COMESA)
* [[Community of Sahel-Saharan States]] (CEN-SAD)
* [[East African Community]] (EAC)
* [[Economic Community of Central African States]] (ECCAS)
* [[Economic Community of West African States]] (ECOWAS)
* [[Intergovernmental Authority on Development]] (IGAD)
* [[Southern Africa Development Community]] (SADC)&lt;ref&gt;Decision on the Protocol on Relations between the African Union and the Regional Economic Communities (RECs), Assembly/AU/Dec.166 (IX).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=President of Mauritania Elected as New Chairperson of AU|url=https://www.ena.et/web/eng/w/eng_4033947}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of chairpersons ==
{{main|Chairperson of the African Union}}
[[File:Jakaya Kikwete and Muammar al-Gaddafi, 12th AU Summit, 090202-N-0506A-678.jpg|thumb|left|[[Muammar Gaddafi]] embracing Tanzanian President [[Jakaya Kikwete|Kikwete]] after assuming the chairmanship]]
{{Clear|left}}

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-valign=top
|+Chairpersons of the African Union
|-
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Name
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Beginning of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|End of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Country
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Thabo Mbeki]]
|9 July 2002
|10 July 2003
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Joaquim Chissano]]
|10 July 2003
|6 July 2004
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Olusegun Obasanjo]]
|6 July 2004
|24 January 2006
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]]
|24 January 2006
|24 January 2007
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[John Kufuor]]
|30 January 2007
|31 January 2008
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Jakaya Kikwete]]
|31 January 2008
|2 February 2009
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Muammar al-Gaddafi]]
|2 February 2009
|31 January 2010
|{{flagdeco|Libya|1977}} [[Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|Libya]]
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Bingu wa Mutharika]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE60U05O20100131l Gaddafi fails in bid to remain African Union chair], Reuters, 31 January 2010 {{Dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20111230205627/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g8cvj3048f4WEB6UQuim80MKqhVA Malawi president takes over as AU president], AFP, 31 January 2010&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2010
|31 January 2011
|{{flag|Malawi|2010}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography According to the AU] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006153642/http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography |date=6 October 2011 }}, his official style is ''Son Excellence Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Président de la République, Chef de l'État et Président Fondateur du Parti Démocratique de Guinée Equatoriale'' {{in lang|fr}}. Retrieved 4 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2011
|29 January 2012
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Yayi Boni]]
|29 January 2012
|27 January 2013
|{{flag|Benin}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Hailemariam Desalegn]]
|27 January 2013
|30 January 2014
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz]]
|30 January 2014
|30 January 2015
|{{flag|Mauritania|1959}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Robert Mugabe]]
|30 January 2015
|30 January 2016
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Idriss Déby]]
|30 January 2016
|30 January 2017
|{{flag|Chad}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Alpha Condé]]
|30 January 2017
|28 January 2018
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Paul Kagame]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |title=President Paul Kagame, Elected as New Chairperson of the African Union for the year 2018 - African Union |website=au.int |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205134722/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|28 January 2018
|10 February 2019
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]]
|10 February 2019
|10 February 2020
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |title=South Africa takes over as AU chair: What to expect |website=aljazeera.com |access-date=12 February 2020 |archive-date=12 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212104846/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|10 February 2020
|10 February 2021
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Félix Tshisekedi]]
|10 February 2021
|5 February 2022
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Macky Sall]]
|5 February 2022
|18 February 2023
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Azali Assoumani]]
|18 February 2023
|17 February 2024
|{{flag|Comoros}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Ghazouani]]
|17 February 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|}

=== African Union summits ===
[[File:Niger, Niamey, Boulevard Mali Béro (2)(Rue IB-56).jpg|thumb|300px|left|Billboard in Niamey (Niger) announcing the 33rd AU Summit (2019)]]
{{Clear}}
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
|-
!width=155px| Session
! Host country
! Host city
! Date
! Theme
! Notes
|-
| 37th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|17 February 2024|format=d}}–{{dts|18 February 2024}}|| &quot;Educate and Skill Africa for the 21st Century&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://au.int/en/summit/37 | title=African Union &amp;#124; an Integrated, Prosperous and Peaceful Africa }}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 36th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|18 February 2023|format=d}}–{{dts|19 February 2023}}|| || 
|-
| 35th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 February 2022|format=d}}–{{dts|6 February 2022}}|| ||
|-
| 34th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|6 February 2021|format=d}}–{{dts|7 February 2021}}|| ||
|-
| 33rd&lt;ref name=development&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|title=The 33rd AU Summit kicks off with the 39th Session of the Permanent Representatives Committee &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121172202/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|9 February 2020|format=d}}–{{dts|10 February 2020}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|title=33rd AU Summit : Online accreditation for Journalists now open &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203234748/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;||&quot;Silencing the guns: creating conducive conditions for Africa's development&quot;&lt;ref name=development /&gt;||Agreement for [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]] to become operational in July 2020.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore /&gt; Agreements to reduce gender gap and inequality and to &quot;silence guns&quot; on the continent.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|title=South African President Cyril Ramaphosa elected African Union Chairperson as continent vows to 'silence the guns', boost trade and close gender gap|work=Today News Africa|access-date=2 May 2021|date=9 February 2020|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216015953/https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 12th Extraordinary Summit on [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]]&lt;ref name=extra12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705085754/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Niger}}||[[Niamey]]|| {{dts|4 July 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2019}} || &quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot; || Launch of the [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]]
|- 
| 32nd&lt;ref name=&quot;summit32&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=32nd AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/32 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806201405/https://au.int/en/summit/32 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|10 February 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|11 February 2019}}||&quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot;||
|-
| 11th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra11&gt;{{cite web |title=11th Extraordinary Summit Summary of Key Decisions |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |website=African Union |access-date=22 January 2020 |date=18 November 2018 |archive-date=22 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122180323/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 November 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|18 November 2018}}|| || Agreement reached on reorganisation AU Commission&lt;ref name=extra11 /&gt;
|-
| 31st&lt;ref name=&quot;summit31&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=31st AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/31 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708203337/https://au.int/en/summit/31 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mauritania}}||[[Nouakchott]]|| {{dts|25 June 2018|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra10&gt;{{cite web |title=10th Extraordinary Session of the Assembly on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708005309/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]]|| {{dts|17 March 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|21 March 2018}}|| &quot;Creating One African Market&quot; || Agreement reached on the AfCFTA
|-
| 30th&lt;ref name=summit30&gt;{{cite web |title=30th AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/30 |access-date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=22 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322020614/https://au.int/en/summit/30 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|29 January 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 29th&lt;ref name=summit29&gt;{{cite web |title=29th AU summit |date=5 July 2017 |url=https://au.int/en/summit/29 |access-date=15 November 2017 |archive-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116034051/https://au.int/en/summit/29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 June 2017|format=dm}} – {{dts|4 July 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; ||
|-
| 28th&lt;ref name=summit28&gt;{{cite web |title=28th AU summit |date=30 January 2017 |url=https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |access-date=31 January 2017 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202063411/https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2017|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; || Morocco rejoins the AU after 33 years
|-
| 27th&lt;ref name=summit27&gt;{{cite web |title=27th AU summit |date=July 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=7 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007033940/http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]] || {{dts|10 July 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|18 July 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot; || Launch of [[African Union Passport]]
|-
| 26th&lt;ref name=summit26&gt;{{cite web |title=26th AU summit |date=January 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/26 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=29 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929114302/http://au.int/en/summit/26 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot;||
|-
| [[Third India-Africa Forum Summit]] || {{flag|India}} || [[New Delhi]] || {{dts|26 October 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|29 October 2015}} || &quot;Reinvigorated Partnership—Shared Vision&quot; ||
|-
| 25th&lt;ref name=summit25&gt;{{cite web |title=25th AU summit |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002150945/http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=25th African Union Summit in Johannesburg – African Union Commission media information |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215016/http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Johannesburg]] || {{dts|7 June 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|15 June 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; || Featured Angelina Jolie&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=A Call for Global Support in Ending Women's Violence Done by Angelina Jolie |publisher=Newwatch NGR |url=http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |website=newswatchngr.com |date=February 2016 |access-date=23 February 2016 |archive-date=23 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223171129/http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 24th&lt;ref name=summit24&gt;{{cite web |title=24th AU summit |date=January 2015 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624103215/http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-date=24 June 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–Turkey Summit|| {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|19 November 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|21 November 2014}}|| &quot;A New Model of Partnership to Enhance a Sustainable Development and Integration of Africa&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Second Turkey-Africa Partnership Summit |date=November 2014 |url=http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225225133/http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Africa Turkey 2014 |date=November 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095901/http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 23rd&lt;ref name=summit23&gt;{{cite web |title=23rd AU summit |date=June 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709071223/http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-date=9 July 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|20 June 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|27 June 2014}}|| &quot;Year of Agriculture and food security&quot; ||
|-
| 22nd&lt;ref name=summit22&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd AU summit |date=January 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214161520/http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-date=14 February 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd Ordinary Session of the Summit of the African Union |date=January 2014 |url=http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214002039/http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-date=14 February 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2014}}|| &quot;Year Agriculture and food security, Marking 10th Anniversary of the Adoption of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP)&quot; ||
|-
| Extraordinary Summit on the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&lt;ref name=summiticc&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Extraordinary Summit on ICC |date=October 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220184942/http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-date=20 December 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]
| {{dts|11 October 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|12 October 2013}}|| &quot;Africa's Relationship with the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&quot; || This was in regards to the ICC's non-adherence to AU calls to drop certain charges against sitting leaders and claims that it was disproportionally targeting Africans.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |title=Kenya pushing for African split from International Criminal Court |newspaper=[[Irish Times]] |access-date=30 January 2014 |archive-date=28 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928170024/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 21st&lt;ref name=summit21&gt;{{cite web |title=21st AU summit |date=May 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701003301/http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-date=1 July 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|19 May 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|27 May 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; || 50th Anniversary of the Establishment of the [[Organisation of African Unity]]
|-
| 20th&lt;ref name=summit20&gt;{{cite web |title=20th AU summit |date=January 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509094507/http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-date=9 May 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 January 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|28 January 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; ||
|-
| Diaspora Summit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Global Africa Diaspora Summit |date=May 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916162142/http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-date=16 September 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Sandton, South Africa|Sandton]] || {{dts|23 May 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2012}}|| &quot;Towards the Realisation of a United and Integrated Africa and Its Diaspora&quot; ||
|-
| 19th&lt;ref name=summit19&gt;{{cite web |title=19th African Union (AU) Summit to be held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |date=June 2012 |url=http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002164755/http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|9 July 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|16 July 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| 18th&lt;ref name=summit18&gt;{{cite web |title=18th AU summit |date=January 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614120243/http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-date=14 June 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| [[17th Ordinary African Union Summit|17th]]&lt;ref name=summit17&gt;{{cite web |title=17th AU summit |date=June 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095847/http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{nowrap|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|23 June 2011|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2011}}|| &quot;Youth Empowerment for Sustainable Development&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–India Summit || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|20 May 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2011}}|| &quot;Enhancing partnership: shared vision&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=2nd Africa-India Forum Summit |date=May 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331174105/http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia |archive-date=31 March 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 16th&lt;ref name=summit16&gt;{{cite web |title=16th African Union summit |date=January 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090533/http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|24 January 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2011}}|| &quot;Towards Greater Unity and Integration through Shared Values&quot; ||
|-
| 15th&lt;ref name=summit15&gt;{{cite web |title=15th African Union summit |date=July 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909081209/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-date=9 September 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Uganda}}||[[Kampala]] || {{dts|19 July 2010|format=d}}–{{dts|27 July 2010}}|| &quot;Maternal, Infant, and Child Health and Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 14th&lt;ref name=summit14&gt;{{cite web |title=14th African Union summit |date=January 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122225/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2010|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2010}}|| &quot;Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Africa: Challenges and Prospects for Development&quot; ||
|-
| 13th&lt;ref name=summit13&gt;{{cite web |title=13th African Union summit |date=July 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040008/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|24 June 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 July 2009}}|| &quot;Investing in Agriculture for Economic Growth and Food Security&quot; ||
|-
| 12th&lt;ref name=summit12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th African Union summit |date=January 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040018/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|26 January 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 February 2009}}|| &quot;Infrastructure Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 11th&lt;ref name=summit11&gt;{{cite web |title=The 11th AU summit |date=July 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122200/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Egypt}}||[[Sharm el-Sheikh]] || {{dts|24 June 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2008}}|| &quot;Meeting the Millennium Development Goals on Water and Sanitation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th&lt;ref name=summit10&gt;{{cite web |title=The 10th African Union summit |date=January 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102035957/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2008}}|| &quot;Industrial Development of Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 9th&lt;ref name=summit9&gt;{{cite web |title=9th African Union summit |date=July 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040001/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ghana}}||[[Accra]] || {{dts|25 June 2007|format=dm}} – {{dts|6 July 2007}}|| &quot;Grand Debate on the Union Government&quot; ||
|-
| 8th&lt;ref name=summit8&gt;{{cite web |title=8th African Union summit |date=January 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806145357/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2007|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2007}}|| 1. &quot;Science, Technology and Scientific Research for Development&quot; &lt;br /&gt;2. &quot;Climate Change in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 7th&lt;ref name=summit7&gt;{{cite web |title=7th African Union summit |date=July 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806144655/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Gambia}}||[[Banjul]] || {{dts|25 June 2006|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2006}}|| &quot;Rationalisation of Recs and Regional Integration&quot; ||
|-
| 6th&lt;ref name=summit6&gt;{{cite web |title=6th African Union summit |date=January 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214191451/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-date=14 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Sudan}}||[[Khartoum]] || {{dts|16 January 2006|format=d}}–{{dts|24 January 2006}}|| &quot;Education and Culture&quot; ||
|-
| 5th&lt;ref name=summit5&gt;{{cite web |title=5th African Union summit |date=June 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224163231/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-date=24 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|28 June 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|29 June 2005}}|| ||
|-
| Extraordinary summit on UN Reform&lt;ref name=summitlist&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Summit |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215221812/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-date=15 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|4 August 2005}} || ||
|-
| 4th&lt;ref name=summit4&gt;{{cite web |title=4th African Union summit |date=January 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315081032/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-date=15 March 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Nigeria}}||[[Abuja]] || {{dts|24 January 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2005}}|| ||
|-
| 3rd&lt;ref name=summit3&gt;{{cite web |title=3rd African Union summit |date=July 2004 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207061226/http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-date=7 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|6 July 2004|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2004}}|| ||
|-
| 2nd&lt;ref name=summit2&gt;{{cite web |title=African Union Summit Maputo Mozambique |date=July 2003 |url=http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708083551/http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mozambique}}||[[Maputo]] || {{dts|2 July 2003|format=d}}–{{dts|12 July 2003}}|| ||
|-
| 1st&lt;ref name=summit1&gt;{{cite web |title=OAU/AU summit |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022142733/http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |archive-date=22 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Durban, South Africa|Durban]] || {{dts|28 June 2002}} – {{dts|10 July 2002}}|| &quot;Peace, Development and Prosperity: The African Century&quot; || Notable events include the launch of the African Union.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=1st AU summit: Documents and Speeches |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001222437/http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html| archive-date=1 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}


==== Africa–Caribbean relations ====
{{See also|Group of 77|Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States}}
[[Caribbean]] tiŋgbana pam nyɛla din kpuɣi niya ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ni [[Africa]] tiŋgbana. African Union lihirila Caribbean ka di nyɛ yaɣili din ni tooi pahi buyɔbu  &quot;Sixth Region&quot; tiŋgbana yaɣa din laɣim taba maa puuni.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/ African Union 6th Region Diaspora Headquarters to be established in Accompong, Jamaica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311035309/https://thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/|date=11 March 2023}}, 24 January 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;Caribbean tiŋgbani shɛŋa nyɛla Africa din yihi di maŋ pahi tuma yaɣa ni, n-ti tabili [[Barbados]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Lorna|title=Barbados inks MOU with African Export-Import Bank|url=https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717182615/https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|archive-date=17 July 2022|access-date=17 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[the Bahamas]] ni [[Guyana]], din zaa pahi [[African Export–Import Bank]] ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 December 2022|title=Barbados Parliament ratifies Partnership Agreement with Afreximbank, as Guyanaand Bahamas join CARICOM signatories|url=https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323124813/https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|archive-date=23 March 2023|access-date=10 September 2023|website=African Export-Import Bank}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaha, [[Caribbean Development Bank]] dihila laɣim tum gbana ni n-ti [[African Development Bank]] (AfDB).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/ AfDB, CDB move to deepen Africa, Caribbean cooperation, sign MoU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625194438/https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/|date=25 June 2022}}, June 18, 2022&lt;/ref&gt; [[Antigua and Barbuda]] gba niŋ zaɣa ni Africa mini Caribbean.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-01-09|title=Antigua Airways is airborne and ready to become the &quot;pride of the Caribbean&quot;|url=https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423231330/https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua News Room|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=jennelsa.johnson|date=2023-04-17|title=Government has not given up on Antigua Airways as company seeks to make comeback|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424072842/https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amaa, din nyɛla din ʒi yɛli muɣisira na tiŋgbana loobu ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-28|title=3 dead, 13 missing in Caribbean sinking; 14 Africans saved|url=https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531093832/https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|archive-date=31 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=AP NEWS|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-29|title=Tragedy at sea: Boat carrying African migrants from Antigua capsizes near St Kitts|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520064903/https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|archive-date=20 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-31|title=Fury as gov't says it bears no responsibility for migrant boat tragedy|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419124847/https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|archive-date=19 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Less than 600 West African migrants remain in Antigua {{!}} Loop Caribbean News|url=https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910051756/https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|archive-date=10 September 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Loop News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-07|title=The migrants stranded on an island they had not heard of|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822235248/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|archive-date=22 August 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=BBC News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-02-11|title=Antigua Government says no automatic citizenship for stranded Africans|url=https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423182748/https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=CNW Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{main|Africa–China relations}}

==== Africa–China relations ====
Yaɣ'yini din daabiligu be tooni [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC). [[Forum on China–Africa Cooperation]] nyɛla daabiligu balibu noiŋbu Africa tiŋgbana ni mini China.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|pages=56|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tum FOCAC zaŋ gɔhi taba ni yuuni 2012, African Union gab nyɛla din tim nuu ni tabi-sɔŋ ni, amaa  Africantingbana din be FOCAC na kuli nyɛla din zani ti di maŋa sahakam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|page=57|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Africa–EU relations ====
Zaŋ jendi European Commission polo, European Union's biɛhigu ni Africa nyɛla din kpa talahi. Tooni ha Africa-EU laɣim tum niya ni European Commission mini European External Action Service nyɛla din kahigi Joint Communication ni &quot;Towards a Comprehensive Strategy with Africa&quot;. Di buɣisila laɣim tum ni:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|date=2020-11-03|title=Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085246/https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=International Partnerships - European Commission|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 52020JC0004 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516184133/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|archive-date=16 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=eur-lex.europa.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Green Transition and Energy Access
* Digital Transformation
* Sustainable Growth and Jobs&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mobilising Investments for African structural sustainable transformation {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513082259/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|archive-date=13 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Strengthening Resilience, Peace, Security and Governance {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085847/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Peace, Security and Governance&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot; /&gt;
* Migration and Mobility&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Migration and mobility {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085848/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Lahabali_kɔligu:Eritrea_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg|thumb|[[South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011]]]]
In response to the ongoing [[Darfur conflict]] in Sudan, the AU has deployed 7,000 peacekeepers, many from Rwanda and Nigeria, to [[Darfur]]. While a donor's conference in Addis Ababa in 2005 helped raise funds to sustain the peacekeepers through that year and into 2006, in July 2006 the AU said it would pull out at the end of September when its mandate expires.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=28 June 2006|title=AU Darfur mission 'to end soon'|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826204932/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|archive-date=26 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Critics of the AU peacekeepers, including [[Eric Reeves]], have said these forces are largely ineffective due to lack of funds, personnel, and expertise. Monitoring a large area has made it even more difficult to sustain an effective mission. In June 2006, the [[United States Congress]] appropriated US$173&amp;nbsp;million for the AU force. Some, such as the [[Genocide Intervention Network]], have called for UN or [[NATO]] intervention to augment and/or replace the AU peacekeepers. The UN has considered deploying a force, though it would not likely enter the country until at least October 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Security Council Authorises Deployment of United Nations-African Union 'Hybrid' Peace Operation in Bid To Resolve Darfur Conflict|url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc9089.doc.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815184454/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/sc9089.doc.htm|archive-date=15 August 2007|access-date=26 November 2012|publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; The under-funded and badly equipped AU mission was set to expire on 31 December 2006 but was extended to 30 June 2007 and merged with the [[United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur]] in October 2007. In July 2009 the African Union ceased cooperation with the [[International Criminal Court]], refusing to recognise the international arrest warrant it had issued against Sudan's leader, [[Omar al-Bashir]], who was indicted in 2008 for [[War crime|war crimes]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=5 July 2009|title=African move on Bashir dismissed|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225224733/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The AU struggled to have a strategic role in the independence talks and the reconciliation process of [[South Sudan]], due to overwhelming interests of African and non-African powers, its influence is still limited and not consistent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Sulaiman|first=Abubkar o.|author2=Agoha, Ifeanyi Chuckwu|date=1 October 2013|title=South Sudan Negotiated Independence: A Critique of African Union's Role|journal=European Journal of Sustainable Development|volume=2|issue=3|pages=145–154|bibcode=2013EJSD....2..145S|doi=10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n3p145|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Clear}}

== Economy ==
{{main|Economy of the African Union}}

[[African Continental Free Trade Area|African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)]] nyɛla bɛ ni daa piligi shɛli ni tiŋgbana pihinu ni anahi tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu maa puuni ka di daabilim nyɛ din daa piligi Silimiin goli January dahin yini yuuni 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shendruk|first=Amanda|date=2020-12-31|title=The world's largest free trade area starts up on Jan. 1, 2021|url=https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|access-date=2021-01-04|website=Quartz|language=en|archive-date=4 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104075017/https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[African Export–Import Bank]], nyɛla din yɛn tabi sɔŋ ka bɛ piligi [[Pan-African Payment and Settlement System]]..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |title=Profile: African Union |date=1 July 2006 |access-date=10 July 2006 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060712034155/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |archive-date=12 July 2006 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Clear}}
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]]
(km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|title=The World Bank DataBank {{!}} Explore. Create. Share|website=databank.worldbank.org|access-date=4 February 2017|archive-date=7 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107162640/http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[List of countries by population|Population]]
{{UN_Population|Year}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |title=2015 Human Development Report |last=Office |first=Human Development Report |website=report.hdr.undp.org |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211223435/http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016 |title=The Fragile States Index 2016 {{!}} The Fund for Peace|website=fsi.fundforpeace.org|access-date=12 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204213240/http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016|archive-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2016 |last=e.V. |first=Transparency International |newspaper=transparency.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=30 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170130045244/http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/index/ |title=Index of Economic Freedom: Promoting Economic Opportunity and Prosperity by Country |website=www.heritage.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=29 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629215405/http://www.heritage.org/index/ |url-status=unfit }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016 |title=Vision of Humanity |website=static.visionofhumanity.org |access-date=12 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213091208/http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016|archive-date=13 February 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Press Freedom Index|WPFI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://rsf.org/en/ranking|title=2016 World Press Freedom Index {{!}} Reporters Without Borders|newspaper=RSF|access-date=12 February 2017|archive-date=1 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201195036/https://rsf.org/en/ranking|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |title=Democracy Index 2016 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224070253/http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |archive-date=24 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Country|Algeria}}
|2,381,741
|{{UN_Population|Algeria}}
|548,293,085,686
|13,823
|0.736
|78.3
|34
|50.06
|2.21
|41.69
|3.56
|-
|{{Country|Angola}}
|1,246,700
|{{UN_Population|Angola}}
|173,593,223,667
|6,938
|0.532
|90.5
|18
|48.94
|2.14
|39.89
|3.40
|-
|{{Country|Benin}}
|112,760
|{{UN_Population|Benin}}
|21,016,184,357
|1,932
|0.48
|78.9
|36
|59.31
|2.00
|28.97
|5.67
|-
|{{Country|Botswana}}
|566,730
|{{UN_Population|Botswana}}
|33,657,545,969
|14,876
|0.698
|63.5
|60
|71.07
|1.64
|22.91
|7.87
|-
|{{Country|Burkina Faso}}
|273,600
|{{UN_Population|Burkina Faso}}
|28,840,666,622
|1,593
|0.402
|89.4
|42
|59.09
|2.06
|22.66
|4.70
|-
|{{Country|Burundi}}
|25,680
|{{UN_Population|Burundi}}
|7,634,578,343
|300
|0.4
|100.7
|20
|53.91
|2.50
|54.10
|2.40
|-
|{{Country|Cape Verde}}
|4,030
|{{UN_Population|Cape Verde}}
|3,205,197,585
|6,158
|0.646
|71.5
|59
|66.46
|N/A
|19.82
|7.94
|-
|{{Country|Cameroon}}
|472,710
|{{UN_Population|Cameroon}}
|68,302,439,597
|2,926
|0.512
|97.8
|26
|54.18
|2.36
|40.53
|3.46
|-
|{{Country|Central African Republic}}
|622,980
|{{UN_Population|Central African Republic}}
|2,847,726,468
|581
|0.35
|112.1
|20
|45.23
|3.35
|33.60
|1.61
|-
|{{Country|Chad}}
|1,259,200
|{{UN_Population|Chad}}
|28,686,194,920
|2,044
|0.392
|110.1
|20
|46.33
|2.46
|40.59
|1.50
|-
|{{Country|Comoros}}
|1,861
|{{UN_Population|Comoros}}
|1,098,546,195
|1,393
|0.503
|83.8
|24
|52.35
|N/A
|24.33
|3.71
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Democratic Republic of the}}
|2,267,050
|{{UN_Population|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|56,920,935,460
|300
|0.433
|
|21
|46.38
|3.11
|50.97
|1.93
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Republic of the}}
|341,500
|{{UN_Population|Congo}}
|27,690,345,067
|5,993
|0.591
|92.2
|20
|42.80
|2.25
|35.84
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Djibouti}}
|23,180
|{{UN_Population|Djibouti}}
|2,911,406,226
|3,279
|0.47
|89.7
|30
|55.96
|2.29
|70.90
|2.83
|-
|{{Country|Egypt}}
|1,010,407
|{{UN_Population|Egypt}}
|1,173,000,000,000
|10,250
|0.69
|90.2
|34
|55.96
|2.57
|54.45
|3.31
|-
|{{Country|Equatorial Guinea}}
|28,050
|{{UN_Population|Equatorial Guinea}}
|32,317,928,931
|38,243
|0.587
|85.2
|N/A
|43.67
|1.94
|66.47
|1.70
|-
|{{Country|Eritrea}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |title=Eritrea |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121011902/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|101,000
|{{UN_Population|Eritrea}}
|8,845,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.391
|98.6
|18
|42.7
|2.46
|83.92
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Eswatini}}
|17,204
|{{UN_Population|Eswatini}}
|10,452,834,007
|8,122
|0.531
|87.6
|N/A
|59.65
|2.07
|52.37
|3.03
|-
|{{Country|Ethiopia}}
|1,104,300
|{{UN_Population|Ethiopia}}
|152,057,290,468
|1,530
|0.442
|97.2
|34
|51.52
|2.28
|45.13
|3.60
|-
|{{Country|Gabon}}
|257,670
|{{UN_Population|Gabon}}
|32,539,376,597
|18,860
|0.684
|72
|35
|58.96
|2.03
|32.20
|3.74
|-
|{{Country|Gambia, The}}
|10,120
|{{UN_Population|Gambia}}
|3,140,820,062
|1,578
|0.441
|86.8
|26
|57.14
|2.09
|46.53
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Ghana}}
|227,540
|{{UN_Population|Ghana}}
|108,393,071,924
|3,955
|0.579
|71.2
|43
|63.00
|1.81
|17.95
|6.75
|-
|{{Country|Guinea}}
|245,720
|{{UN_Population|Guinea}}
|14,316,884,358
|1,135
|0.411
|103.8
|27
|53.33
|2.15
|33.08
|3.14
|-
|{{Country|Guinea-Bissau}}
|28,120
|{{UN_Population|Guinea-Bissau}}
|2,521,743,682
|1,367
|0.42
|99.8
|16
|51.81
|2.26
|29.03
|1.98
|-
|{{Country|Ivory Coast}}
|318,000
|{{UN_Population|Ivory Coast}}
|74,916,780,423
|3,300
|0.462
|97.9
|34
|60.01
|2.28
|30.17
|3.81
|-
|{{Country|Kenya}}
|569,140
|{{UN_Population|Kenya}}
|133,592,522,053
|2,901
|0.548
|98.3
|26
|57.51
|2.38
|31.16
|5.33
|-
|{{Country|Lesotho}}
|30,360
|{{UN_Population|Lesotho}}
|5,914,437,068
|2,770
|0.497
|80.9
|39
|50.62
|1.94
|28.78
|6.59
|-
|{{Country|Liberia}}
|96,320
|{{UN_Population|Liberia}}
|3,533,313,381
|500
|0.43
|95.5
|37
|52.19
|2.00
|30.71
|5.31
|-
|{{Country|Libya}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya/ |title=Libya |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109235257/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,759,540
|{{UN_Population|Libya}}
|94,010,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|14,900&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.724
|96.4
|14
|N/A
|3.20
|57.89
|2.25
|-
|{{Country|Madagascar}}
|581,800
|{{UN_Population|Madagascar}}
|33,354,200,458
|1,376
|0.51
|84.2
|26
|61.06
|1.76
|27.04
|5.07
|-
|{{Country|Malawi}}
|94,280
|{{UN_Population|Malawi}}
|19,137,290,349
|1,112
|0.445
|87.6
|31
|51.8
|1.82
|28.12
|5.55
|-
|{{Country|Mali}}
|1,220,190
|{{UN_Population|Mali}}
|33,524,899,739
|1,905
|0.419
|95.2
|32
|56.54
|2.49
|39.83
|5.70
|-
|{{Country|Mauritania}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |title=Mauritania |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=7 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107034713/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,030,700
|{{UN_Population|Mauritania}}
|16,190,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|4,400&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.506
|95.4
|27
|54.8
|2.30
|24.03
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Mauritius}}
|2,030
|{{UN_Population|Mauritius}}
|23,817,914,134
|18,864
|0.777
|43.2
|54
|74.73
|1.56
|27.69
|8.28
|-
|{{Country|Morocco}}
|446,300
|{{UN_Population|Morocco}}
|257,398,957,178
|7,365
|0.628
|74.2
|37
|61.27
|2.09
|42.64
|4.77
|-
|{{Country|Mozambique}}
|786,380
|{{UN_Population|Mozambique}}
|31,326,751,237
|1,120
|0.416
|87.8
|27
|53.19
|1.96
|30.25
|4.02
|-
|{{Country|Namibia}}
|823,290
|{{UN_Population|Namibia}}
|24,043,436,006
|9,778
|0.628
|71.1
|52
|61.85
|1.87
|15.15
|6.31
|-
|{{Country|Niger}}
|1,266,700
|{{UN_Population|Niger}}
|17,857,377,171
|897
|0.348
|98.4
|35
|54.26
|2.24
|24.62
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Nigeria}}
|910,770
|{{UN_Population|Nigeria}}
|1,168,000,000,000
|5,639
|0.514
|103.5
|28
|57.46
|2.88
|35.90
|4.50
|-
|{{Country|Rwanda}}
|24,670
|{{UN_Population|Rwanda}}
|19,216,033,048
|1,655
|0.483
|91.3
|54
|63.07
|2.32
|54.61
|3.07
|-
|{{Country|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|960
|{{UN_Population|Sao Tome and Principe}}
|575,391,345
|3,023
|0.555
|72.9
|46
|56.71
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Senegal}}
|192,530
|{{UN_Population|Senegal}}
|34,398,281,018
|2,274
|0.466
|83.6
|45
|58.09
|1.98
|27.99
|6.21
|-
|{{Country|Seychelles}}
|460
|{{UN_Population|Seychelles}}
|2,384,515,771
|25,525
|0.772
|60.2
|N/A
|62.2
|N/A
|30.60
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sierra Leone}}
|72,180
|{{UN_Population|Sierra Leone}}
|9,511,431,824
|1,474
|0.413
|91
|30
|52.31
|1.81
|29.94
|4.55
|-
|{{Country|Somalia}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/ |title=Somalia |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=1 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701190026/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|627,340
|{{UN_Population|Somalia}}
|5,900,000,000&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|114
|10
|N/A
|3.41
|65.35
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|South Africa}}
|1,213,090
|{{UN_Population|South Africa}}
|742,461,000,000
|12,393
|0.666
|69.9
|45
|61.9
|2.32
|21.92
|7.41
|-
|{{Country|South Sudan}}
|619,745
|{{UN_Population|South Sudan}}
|21,484,823,398
|1,741
|0.467
|113.8
|11
|N/A
|3.59
|44.87
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sudan}}
|1,886,086
|{{UN_Population|Sudan}}
|165,813,461,495
|4,121
|0.479
|111.5
|14
|N/A
|3.27
|72.53
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Tanzania}}
|885,800
|{{UN_Population|United Republic of Tanzania}}
|130,297,806,032
|2,510
|0.521
|81.8
|32
|58.46
|1.90
|28.65
|5.76
|-
|{{Country|Togo}}
|54,390
|{{UN_Population|Togo}}
|10,018,697,437
|1,372
|0.484
|85.8
|32
|53.64
|1.95
|30.31
|3.32
|-
|{{Country|Tunisia}}
|155,360
|{{UN_Population|Tunisia}}
|121,200,025,401
|10,770
|0.721
|74.6
|41
|57.55
|1.95
|31.60
|6.40
|-
|{{Country|Uganda}}
|200,520
|{{UN_Population|Uganda}}
|67,856,334,117
|1,738
|0.483
|97.7
|25
|59.26
|2.15
|32.58
|5.26
|-
|{{Country|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 June 2007 |title=Western Sahara |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|266,000
|{{UN_Population|Western Sahara}}
|906,500,000&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2,500&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Zambia}}
|743,390
|{{UN_Population|Zambia}}
|58,400,082,027
|3,602
|0.586
|86.3
|38
|58.79
|1.78
|35.08
|5.99
|-
|{{Country|Zimbabwe}}
|386,850
|{{UN_Population|Zimbabwe}}
|26,180,942,292
|500
|0.509
|100.5
|22
|38.23
|2.32
|40.41
|3.05
|-
|'''{{noflag|African Union}}'''
|30,370,000
|{{UN_Population|Africa}}
|5,457,724,064,668
|4,602
|0.524&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|88.99&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|31.51&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|55.55&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2.27
|37.89
|4.30
|-
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]] (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015
![[List of countries by population|Population]] {{UN_Population|Year}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016
![[Reporters Without Borders|WPFI]]
2016
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016
|}

== Lihimi m-pahi ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Africa Adaptation Initiative]]
* [[African Century]]
* [[African Peer Review Mechanism]]
* [[African Renaissance]]
* [[African Standby Force]]
* [[African Unification Front]]
* [[Africanisation]]
* [[Central Asian Union]]
* [[East African Federation]]
* [[Ezulwini agreement]]
* [[Friends of the African Union]]
* [[Indigenous peoples of Africa]]
* [[List of country groupings]]
* [[List of multilateral free-trade agreements]]
* [[Climate adaptation|Prevention of environmental migration]]
* [[Pan-Africanism]]
* [[Pan-African Women's Organization]]
{{div col end}}

== Noosi ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==Kundivihira==
=== Sources ===
{{Reflist}}

=== General and cited references ===
{{Library resources box}}
* [https://web.archive.org</text>
      <sha1>amd7rjoabx91gl1c9p8jv2ilsevplwe</sha1>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Abdul Rahman Abdul Kudus</username>
        <id>5829</id>
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      <text bytes="98202" sha1="apz21njd6n0gn53do19tj1skdsbcek3" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Continental union of African states}}
{{For|the predecessor organisation|Organisation of African Unity}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox geopolitical organisation
| conventional_long_name = African Union
| native_name            = {{Name in various languages
 | name = {{nobold|''(in other official languages)''}}
 | ar = الاتحاد الأفريقي
 | fr = Union africaine
 | pt = União Africana
 | es = Unión Africana
 | sw = Umoja wa Afrika
 }}
| linking_name           = the African Union
| image_flag             = Flag of the African Union.svg
| alt_flag               = Flag of the African Union
| alt_symbol             = 
| symbol_width           = 85px
| motto                  = &quot;A United and Strong Africa&quot;
| anthem                 = &quot;[[Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html |title=African Union anthem, etc |publisher=Africamasterweb.com |access-date=26 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915041714/http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html | archive-date=15 September 2015 | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{center|}}{{Align|center| |style=margin-top:0em}}
| image_map              = Map of the African Union with Suspended States.svg
| alt_map                = An [[Orthographic projection (cartography)|orthographic projection]] of [[Earth|the world]], highlighting the African Union and its member states (green).
| map_width              = 220px
| map_caption            = {{legend2|#2A5C2B|Member states}}&lt;br /&gt;{{legend2|#00D500|Suspended states}}
| org_type               = [[Continental union]]
| membership_type        = Membership
| membership             = {{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
 |title = [[Member states of the African Union|55 member states]]
|{{flag|Algeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Angola|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Benin|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Botswana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Burkina Faso|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp|Suspended}}
|{{flag|Burundi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cameroon|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cape Verde|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Central African Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Chad|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Comoros|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Djibouti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Egypt|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eritrea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eswatini|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ethiopia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Gabon|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Gambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ghana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Guinea|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ivory Coast|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kenya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Lesotho|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Liberia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Libya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Madagascar|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Malawi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mali|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Mauritania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mauritius|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Morocco|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mozambique|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Namibia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Niger|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Nigeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Rwanda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sahrawi Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Senegal|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Seychelles|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sierra Leone|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Somalia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Africa|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Sudan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sudan|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Tanzania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Togo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Tunisia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Uganda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zimbabwe|size=23px}}
}}
{{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
|title = 9 observer states
|{{flag|Haiti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kazakhstan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Latvia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mexico|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Palestine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Serbia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Turkey|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ukraine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates|size=23px}}
}}
| admin_center_type      = Political centres
| admin_center           = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Addis Ababa]]&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;}} |{{nowrap|[[Johannesburg]]&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;}}}}
| largest_settlement_type = urban agglomerations
| largest_city           = 
| largest_settlement     = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Cairo]]}} |{{nowrap|[[Lagos]]}}}}
| languages_type         = Official languages
| languages              = {{hlist | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] | [[English language|English]] | [[French language|French]] | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]]  | [[Swahili language|Swahili]] | and any other [[Languages of Africa|African language]]&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;}}
| demonym                = African
| leader_title1          = [[Chairperson of the African Union|Chairperson]]
| leader_name1           = [[João Lourenço]]
| leader_title2          = [[Chairperson of the African Union Commission|Commission Chairperson]]
| leader_name2           = [[Mahamoud Ali Youssouf]]
| leader_title3          = [[Pan-African Parliament#Presidents of the Pan-African Parliament|Parliamentary President]]
| leader_name3           = [[Fortune Z. Charumbira]]
| legislature            = [[Pan-African Parliament]]
| established_event1     = [[Organisation of African Unity|OAU Charter]]
| established_date1      = 25 May 1963
| established_event2     = [[Abuja Treaty]]
| established_date2      = 3 June 1991
| established_event3     = [[Sirte Declaration]]
| established_date3      = 9 September 1999
| established_event4     = African Union founded
| established_date4      = {{start date and age|2002|07|09}}
| established_event5     = [[History of South Sudan|Admission of]] [[South Sudan]]
| established_date5      = 9 July 2011
| established_event6     = [[Member states of the African Union|Admission of]] [[Morocco]]
| established_date6      = 31 January 2017
| established_event7     = [[African Continental Free Trade Area]] (AfCFTA)
| established_date7      = 1 January 2021
| area_km2               = 29,922,059&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2016&quot;&gt;Corresponds to the terrestrial surface. Including the [[Exclusive Economic Zones]] of each member state, the total area is 43 434 569&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 1,494,988,668{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $8.990 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO/WEOWORLD/IDN/AFQ.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668%2C672%2C612%2C614%2C674%2C676%2C678%2C682%2C684%2C638%2C686%2C688%2C616%2C728%2C748%2C618%2C624%2C692%2C694%2C622%2C626%2C628%2C632%2C636%2C634%2C662%2C611%2C714%2C716%2C469%2C722%2C642%2C643%2C718%2C724%2C734%2C644%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C652%2C732%2C656%2C654%2C738%2C742%2C744%2C746%2C664%2C754%2C666%2C698&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |access-date=8 February 2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714135232/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668,672,612,614,674,676,678,682,684,638,686,688,616,728,748,618,624,692,694,622,626,628,632,636,634,662,611,714,716,469,722,642,643,718,724,734,644,726,646,199,648,733,652,732,656,654,738,742,744,746,664,754,666,698&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,LP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion|Excluding Western Sahara due to lack of data}}
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2024
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $6,330&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal            = {{decrease}} $2.81 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion}}
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2024
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{decrease}} $1,960&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.577
| HDI_year               = 2020
| cctld                  = [[.africa]]
| footnotes              = {{unbulleted list |&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[African Union Commission]]. |&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[Pan-African Parliament]].}}
| official_website       = {{URL|https://au.int}}
| area_rank              = 
| today                  = 
}}

'''African Union''' ('''AU''') nyɛla tiŋgbani bɔbugu laɣingu zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu&lt;ref name=&quot;UIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100033436 |url-access= |title=African Union (AU) |author1=Staff writer |year=2025 |department=UIA Global Civil Society Database |website=uia.org |publisher=[[Union of International Associations]] |agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online |location=Brussels, Belgium |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date=8 January 2025 |via= |quote= |trans-quote= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Member States AU-UN |url=https://www.africanunion-un.org/memberstates |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka nyɛ din be [[Africa]]. AU nyɛla bɛ ni daa niŋ shɛli laɣngu Sirte Declaration din be Sirte, Libya Silimiin goli September yuuni 1999, ka bɛ niya daa nyɛ bɛ kpa African Union. Bɛ daa piligi li Silimiin goli July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002  Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_&amp;_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union,%209%20July%202002.htm |title=Launch of the African Union, 9 July 2002: Address by the chairperson of the AU, President Thabo Mbeki |first=Thabo |last=Mbeki |date=9 July 2002 |publisher=africa-union.org |location=ABSA Stadium, Durban, South Africa |access-date=8 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503210549/http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_%26_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union%2C%209%20July%202002.htm |archive-date=3 May 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ daa mali lala niya ni AU nyɛla di ni tooi zani Organisation of African Unity (OAU) zani, di nyɛla bɛ ni daa kpa shɛli Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1963 ka di ni daa piligi shɛli nyɛ [[Addis Ababa]], gomnantinima pihita ni ayi nyɛ ban daa dihi bɛ nuhi gbana zuɣu zaŋ n-ti li; OAU ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa kari shɛli Silimiin goli  July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002 [[Durban]], [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;/&gt; 

African Union ŋɔ nyɛla din mali salo ban kalinli gari 1.3 &quot;billion&quot; ka di tiŋgbani galisim paai kamani  {{convert|30|e6km2|e6sqmi|sigfig=2|abbr=unit}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Manboah-Rockson |first1=Joseph |title=Politics &amp; the Struggle for Democracy in Ghana: An Introduction to Political Science |date=23 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Balli shɛŋa din be di ni nyɛ  [[Arabic]], [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], n-ti pahi [[Swahili language|Swahili]].&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://au.int/en/about/languages |title=AU Languages |access-date=2 May 2021 |publisher=African Union |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407001442/https://au.int/en/about/languages |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

[[G20]] (Group of 20) laɣingu din daa niŋ [[New Delhi]], [[India]] yuuni 2023, African Union nyɛla ban daa kpɛ G20.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=September 9, 2023 |title=African Union made permanent member of G20 at Delhi summit |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/09/african-union-made-permanent-member-of-g20-at-delhi-summit |access-date=December 12, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Overview ==
African Union niyanima n-nyɛ:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Constitutive Act|url=https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415235637/https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|archive-date=15 April 2020|access-date=2 May 2021|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;

# Di ʒi nangbanyini din mali yaa na, taba laɣimbu ni Africa tinsi mini [[Africa|African]] tingbana taba puu biɛri taba zuɣu.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi maŋsulinsi, tiŋgbana taba shebu ni tiŋgbani din kam be din ni maŋsulinsi.
# Ni di kpaŋsi siyaasa mini biɛhigu-daabiligu laɣimbu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋgbana taba sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 November 2024|title=Evolution of Geopolitical Dynamics in Africa|url=https://www.guambia.com.uy/67/evolution-of-geopolitical-dynamics-in-africa/2312/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=Guambia}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The New Power Play in Africa: Russia, China, and the Shifting Sands of Influence|url=https://kcsgroup.com/the-new-power-play-in-africa-russia-china-and-the-shifting-sands-of-influence/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=KCS Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ni di kpaŋsi ka gu ka taɣi [[Africa|African]] zaashee zaŋ chaŋ bɛ suhuyurilim polo di tiŋgbani yaɣa mini di niriba sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi daabiligu tiŋgban sunsuuni, ka mali [[Charter of the United Nations]] mini [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] tumdi tuma.
# Ni di kpaŋsi suhudoo, niriba gubu, ni tiŋgbani yaɣa zanibu chibi.
# Ni di kmpaŋsi maŋsulinsi zalisi, ni gɔmnanti tali din niŋ dede.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi ninsalinima mini niriba fukumsi din be [[African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights]] ni mini &quot;[[International human rights instruments|human rights instruments]]&quot; yaɣa din niŋ talahi.
# Ni di zali zalisi din kpa talahi ka che ka tiŋgbani yaɣa maa tumdi di tuma dunia daabiligu ni ni shaawara gbaabu tiŋgbana sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim din nyɛ soha-biɛɣuni dini zaŋti daabiligu,biɛhigu ni kaya ni taɣada biɛhigu ni Africa daabiligu yaɣa zaŋ laɣim taba.
# Ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ninsalisili yaɣa kam n duhi biɛri suŋ Africanima sunsuuni.
# To coordinate and harmonise the policies between the existing and future [[Regional Economic Communities]] for the gradual attainment of the objectives of the Union.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim tiŋgbana yaɣa maa ni din dalim vihigu niŋbu, di bahi bahindi tabiibi mini tabiibi zaŋ tum tuma.
# Ni di mini tiŋgbana laɣim tum n-kpihim dɔriti din mali taɣibu mini alaafee kpaŋsibu tiŋgbana ni.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm Africa-union.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604051527/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm|date=4 June 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
{{Main|History of the African Union|History of Africa}}

African Union taarihi pilila &quot;'''First Congress of Independent African States&quot;''', din daa niŋ [[Accra]], [[Ghana]] bini din gbaai Anashaara goli April biɛɣu pinaanu zaŋ chaŋ biɛɣu pishinaayi yuuni 1958. Laɣingu maa niya daa nyɛla di kpa [[Africa Day]], n-ti tabili [[Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU), din daa kpa Anashaara goli May biɛɣu pishinaanu yuuni 1963, ni [[African Economic Community]] yuuni 1991.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210205406/http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may|date=10 December 2018}} South African History Online (SAHO), 15 May 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ansarisi maaniba daa ŋme nangbankpeeni ni OAU ka nuu timbu shɛli ninsalilnima fukumsi ni .&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2115736&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Reynolds|first=Paul|date=8 July 2002|title=African Union replaces dictators' club|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601025542/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|archive-date=1 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tɛha din tahi AU kpabu na nyɛla din daa labi niŋ nyɛvuli 1990s sunsuuni Libyan tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Muammar al-Gaddafi]] saha;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Adebajo|first=Adekeye|date=2011-08-26|title=Gaddafi: the man who would be king of Africa|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011605/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Guardian|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbana zuɣulana mini kpɛma zaŋti OAU daa yina ni [[Sirte Declaration]] (bɛ ni daa zaŋ Sirte, Libya yuli boli shɛli) Anashaara goli September dabaa awɔi yuuni 1999, ka daa ŋmeri kuŋ bɔri African Union nambu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-12-05|title=The African Union After Gaddafi|url=http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410172928/http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|archive-date=10 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 10, 2001|title=African leaders elect OAU boss|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414032647/https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-08-27|title=New Partnership for Africa's Development – NEPAD {{!}} Poverty Eradication|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419153619/https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html|archive-date=19 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=www.un.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

African Union suuna daa niŋla [[Durban]] Anashaara goli July dabaa awɔi yuuni 2002 ni di tuuli ʒia kuɣulana, South Africa tiŋgbani zuɣulana kuro [[Thabo Mbeki]], Assembly of the African Union tuuli yaɣili ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-11-18|title=The African Union is launched|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416010303/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|archive-date=16 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=Africa Renewal|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Assembly yaɣili din pahiri ayi daa niŋla [[Maputo]] yuuni 2003 ka din pahiri ata daa niŋ [[Addis Ababa]] Anashaara goli July dabaa ayɔbu yuuni 2004.

Tum yuuni 2010, African Union daa mali niya ni di kpa &quot;African [[space agency]]&quot; laɣim taba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=5 September 2010|title=Africa prepares to join the big boys in the space race|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116213335/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|archive-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=6 September 2012|title=Sudanese president calls for African space agency|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102203403/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|archive-date=2 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=11 September 2012|title=Africa eyes joint space agency|url=http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021070210/http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|archive-date=21 October 2013|access-date=21 October 2013|publisher=Phys.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Ezigbo|first1=Onyebuchi|last2=Okpara|first2=Lois|date=9 August 2010|title=AU to Establish African Space Agency|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212084442/http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|archive-date=12 February 2014|access-date=11 December 2015|publisher=All Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Barack Obama]] n daa nyɛ tuuli United States tiŋgbani zuɣulana ŋun ʒi gbana ni ka di alizama African Union ni Addis Ababa Anashaara goli July biɛɣu pihita yini ka dali yuuni 2015. O daa alizama dibu ni, o daa kpaŋsiya ni dunisnims laɣindi niŋdi daabiligu ka tabiri sɔŋdi shikuru baŋsim tooni chandi ni, ni lɛbiginsim mini dahi yɛligibu. Amaa, o daa lahi galim suhuyurilim ni ka tiŋgbani shɛŋa ni mini gɔmnantinima ban zaɣisi sheebu ni, ban bi galisi gaŋbu (n-ti tabili ninuɣ'shɛba ban be [[LGBT]] ni, adiininima mini laɣinsi zuliyanima ni) ni kɔriŋ fahili.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Carol E.|date=28 July 2015|title=Obama Becomes First U.S. President to Address African Union|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|url-status=live|access-date=29 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729094216/http://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|archive-date=29 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 July 2015|title=Remarks by President Obama to the People of Africa|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120220442/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|archive-date=20 January 2017|access-date=29 July 2015|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|via=[[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Treaties ===
{{AU evolution timeline}}

== Siyaasa ==

:
; Financial institutions

* [[African Central Bank]] – [[Abuja]], Nigeria
* [[African Investment Bank]] – [[Tripoli, Libya]]
* [[African Monetary Fund]] – [[Yaoundé]], Cameroon

Lala tuma duri ŋɔ na bi kpa; amaa, komitiinima ban be di kpabu ni nyɛla bɛ ni piigi shɛba. Lal n-nyɛli,  AU malila niya ni di diri laɣ'yini ([[Afro (currency)|Afro]]).

; Alaafee
: [[Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention]] (Africa CDC), daa kpala yuuni 2016 ka di suuna niŋ yuuni 2017. Di tuma du'zuɣuri be la Addis Ababa Ethiopia.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int-2017-01-31&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-01-31|title=Africa CDC Official Launch|url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630023917/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-date=30 June 2018|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb.int-2017-02-02&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-02-02|title=The African Union launches Africa CDC, a Continent-wide Public Health Agency|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180037/https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|work=[[Reliefweb]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc.gov-2017-07-27&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-07-27|title=Africa CDC: Improving Disease Detection and Emergency Response on the African Continent|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180936/https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Inspection visit to Africa CDC Headquarters building site|url=https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205114846/https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|archive-date=5 February 2022|access-date=2022-02-05|website=Africa CDC|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; Ninsalinima fukumsi
: [[African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights]], nyɛla din beni tum yuuni 1986, di be la [[African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights]] fukumsi ni (African Charter) amaa ka ni Constitutive Act of the African Union.
; Polo
: [[African Space Agency]] nyɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2023. Di tuma du'zuɣu be la Cairo.
; Yaa
: [[African Energy Commission]] daa nYɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2008, ka be Algiers.

=== Tiŋgbana din be din ni ===
{{Main|Member states of the African Union}}

[[Member states of the United Nations|UN member states]] din be Africa mini African islands zaa bela AU, ka nyɛ yaɣ'shɛli din tabi [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] (SADR). [[Morocco]] daa yila Organisation of African Unity ni yuuni 1984 ka di nyɛla SADR sulinsi ni ka di daa be, ka di tiŋgbani yaɣili [[Western Sahara]] daa zaŋli kpehi di maŋsulinsi ni.  AU daa lahi labi deei li Anashaara goli January biɛɣu pihita yuuni 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;worldbulletin&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=30 January 2017|title=Morocco rejoins African Union|publisher=Worldbulletin|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|url-status=usurped|access-date=31 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720013737/http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|archive-date=20 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Somaliland]], din nyɛ [[Somalia]] ni deei shɛli, daa sabi gbaŋ ti ni di kpe AU yuuni 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nelson&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Nelson, Elizabeth A.|title=Regional Politics and State Secession|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|year=2021|isbn=978-1-83910-377-3|pages=105}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mali nyɛla bɛ nin daa naa yihi shɛba African Union ni saha biɛla sunsuuni Anashaara goli 19 August 2020 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu niŋ naai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=African Union suspends Mali following coup|work=Agence France-Presse, Reuters|publisher=Deutsche Welle|url=https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913003040/https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|archive-date=13 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anashaara goli 9 October lala yuuni ŋɔ yaha, [[Peace and Security Council]] zaŋti African Union daa paai lala yihibu fukumsi ŋɔ Mali zuɣi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union lifts Mali's suspension imposed in the wake of coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009202811/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|archive-date=9 October 2020|access-date=2020-10-09|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Bɛ daa lahi labi zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa tiŋgbani maa zuɣu Anashaara goli June dahin yini dali yuuni 2021, di sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu ni daa lahi niŋ chira awɔi sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2 June 2021|title=African Union announces 'immediate suspension' of Mali after second coup|work=France 24, Reuters, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912141924/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lala fukumsi ŋɔ daa pani Guinea gba zuɣu African Union ni ANashaara goli September biɛɣu pia dali yuuni 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Alpha Condé]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=10 September 2021|title=African Union suspends Guinea after coup, as envoys arrive for talks|work=France 24, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912022912/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sudan gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pani shɛli zuɣu Anashaara goli 27 October 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmananti shee tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Abdalla Hamdok]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union suspends Sudan over coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027130242/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|archive-date=27 October 2021|access-date=2021-10-27|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Burkina Faso gba nyɛla lala fukumsi ŋɔ ni daa pani shɛli zuɣu African Union ni bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu Anashaara goli 31 January 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AU suspends Burkina Faso after coup as envoys head for talks|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062926/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|archive-date=23 December 2022|access-date=2022-01-31|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nige gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛba zuɣu Anashaara goli 22 August 2023 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣula [[Mohamed Bazoum]]; tum din saha ka [[2023 Nigerien crisis]] pili.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2023-08-22|title=African Union suspends participation of Niger following coup|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|url-status=live|access-date=2023-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906024202/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|archive-date=6 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gabon gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛli zuɣu 31 August 2023 bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmananti sheei [[Ali Bongo Ondimba]] nyaaŋa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Newspaper|first=The Peninsula|date=2023-08-31|title=African Union says to 'immediately suspend' Gabon after coup|url=https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902185942/http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|archive-date=2 September 2023|access-date=2023-08-31|website=thepeninsulaqatar.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{TOC limit|3}}


== Members ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{DZA}}
* {{AGO}}
* {{BEN}}
* {{BWA}}
* {{BFA}} (suspended)
* {{BDI}}
* {{CMR}}
* {{CPV}}
* {{CAF}}
* {{TCD}}
* {{COM}}
* {{COD}}
* {{COG}}
* {{DJI}}
* {{EGY}}
* {{GNQ}}
* {{ERI}}
* {{SWZ}}
* {{ETH}}
* {{GAB}}
* {{GMB}}
* {{GHA}}
* {{GIN}} (suspended)
* {{GNB}}
* {{CIV}}
* {{KEN}}
* {{LSO}}
* {{LBR}}
* {{LBY}}
* {{MDG}}
* {{MWI}}
* {{MLI}} (suspended)
* {{MRT}}
* {{MUS}}
* {{MAR}}
* {{MOZ}}
* {{NAM}}
* {{NER}} (suspended)
* {{NGA}}
* {{RWA}}
* {{SADR}}
* {{STP}}
* {{SEN}}
* {{SYC}}
* {{SLE}}
* {{SOM}}
* {{ZAF}}
* {{SSD}}
* {{SDN}} (suspended)
* {{TZA}}
* {{TGO}}
* {{TUN}}
* {{UGA}}
* {{ZMB}}
* {{ZWE}}
{{div col end}}

==== Observers ====
* {{HAI}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Haiti Will Not Join the African Union |url=https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |website=Haiti Hub |access-date=22 June 2023 |date=22 May 2016 |archive-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622142803/https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ISR}} (suspended as of February 2023)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|title=African Union says Israel's observer status suspended|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908195006/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |author=((i24NEWS)) |date=2022-02-06 |title=Israel dispute erupts at African Union summit |language=en |work=Ynetnews |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |access-date=2022-02-06 |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151241/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{KAZ}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstan's Observer status at the African Union: What Does It Mean for Africa? |url=https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=www.igd.org.za |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327081029/https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{LAT}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-01-11|url=http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|title=Latvia becomes observer to African Union|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia]]|website=www.mfa.gov.lv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918030201/http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|archive-date=18 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{MEX}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-06-18 |title=Chairperson Receives the Credentials of the First Permanent Observer of Mexico to the African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |website=au.int |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901115222/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|Palestine}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-05-27 |title=AU grants Palestine observer status |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |publisher=[[Egypt Independent]] |first=Fathya |last=el-Dakhakhni |website=egyptindependent.com |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=29 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229042151/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{SRB}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 January 2014|language=sr-latn|title=Mrkić na samitu u Adis Abebi|url=https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|website=b92.net|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=16 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071458/https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{TUR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-11 |title=What's driving Turkey's commercial &amp; military relations with Africa? |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en-US |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151227/https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{UKR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-06-22 |title=Ukraine has obtained the observer status in the African Union |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] |website=mfa.gov.ua |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071456/https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ARE}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chairperson Receives Credentials of the Permanent Observer of the United Arab Emirates. {{!}} African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=au.int |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151252/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== African Union tuma ====
{{Supranational African Bodies|align=right|size=500px}}Yuuni 1980 [[Lagos Plan of Action for the Development of Africa]] mini yuuni 1991 varisigu ni African Economic Community kpabu (bɛ ni lahi booni shɛli Abuja Treaty), daa yina ni tɛha din nyɛ [[Regional Economic Communities]] (RECs) kpabu ni niŋ binshɛli din yɛn laɣim Africa taba.&lt;ref&gt;See note on [https://web.archive.org/web/20040906140832/http://www.dfa.gov.za/docs/2003/au0815.htm The Role of the Regional Economic Communities (RECs) as the Building Blocks of the African Union] prepared by the South African Department of Foreign Affairs.&lt;/ref&gt;

Saha ŋɔ, RECs dibaa anii m-be AU. Din nima n-nyɛ:

* [[Arab Maghreb Union]] (AMU)
* [[Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa]] (COMESA)
* [[Community of Sahel-Saharan States]] (CEN-SAD)
* [[East African Community]] (EAC)
* [[Economic Community of Central African States]] (ECCAS)
* [[Economic Community of West African States]] (ECOWAS)
* [[Intergovernmental Authority on Development]] (IGAD)
* [[Southern Africa Development Community]] (SADC)&lt;ref&gt;Decision on the Protocol on Relations between the African Union and the Regional Economic Communities (RECs), Assembly/AU/Dec.166 (IX).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=President of Mauritania Elected as New Chairperson of AU|url=https://www.ena.et/web/eng/w/eng_4033947}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of chairpersons ==
{{main|Chairperson of the African Union}}
[[File:Jakaya Kikwete and Muammar al-Gaddafi, 12th AU Summit, 090202-N-0506A-678.jpg|thumb|left|[[Muammar Gaddafi]] embracing Tanzanian President [[Jakaya Kikwete|Kikwete]] after assuming the chairmanship]]
{{Clear|left}}

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-valign=top
|+Chairpersons of the African Union
|-
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Name
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Beginning of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|End of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Country
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Thabo Mbeki]]
|9 July 2002
|10 July 2003
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Joaquim Chissano]]
|10 July 2003
|6 July 2004
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Olusegun Obasanjo]]
|6 July 2004
|24 January 2006
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]]
|24 January 2006
|24 January 2007
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[John Kufuor]]
|30 January 2007
|31 January 2008
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Jakaya Kikwete]]
|31 January 2008
|2 February 2009
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Muammar al-Gaddafi]]
|2 February 2009
|31 January 2010
|{{flagdeco|Libya|1977}} [[Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|Libya]]
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Bingu wa Mutharika]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE60U05O20100131l Gaddafi fails in bid to remain African Union chair], Reuters, 31 January 2010 {{Dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20111230205627/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g8cvj3048f4WEB6UQuim80MKqhVA Malawi president takes over as AU president], AFP, 31 January 2010&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2010
|31 January 2011
|{{flag|Malawi|2010}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography According to the AU] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006153642/http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography |date=6 October 2011 }}, his official style is ''Son Excellence Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Président de la République, Chef de l'État et Président Fondateur du Parti Démocratique de Guinée Equatoriale'' {{in lang|fr}}. Retrieved 4 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2011
|29 January 2012
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Yayi Boni]]
|29 January 2012
|27 January 2013
|{{flag|Benin}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Hailemariam Desalegn]]
|27 January 2013
|30 January 2014
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz]]
|30 January 2014
|30 January 2015
|{{flag|Mauritania|1959}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Robert Mugabe]]
|30 January 2015
|30 January 2016
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Idriss Déby]]
|30 January 2016
|30 January 2017
|{{flag|Chad}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Alpha Condé]]
|30 January 2017
|28 January 2018
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Paul Kagame]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |title=President Paul Kagame, Elected as New Chairperson of the African Union for the year 2018 - African Union |website=au.int |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205134722/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|28 January 2018
|10 February 2019
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]]
|10 February 2019
|10 February 2020
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |title=South Africa takes over as AU chair: What to expect |website=aljazeera.com |access-date=12 February 2020 |archive-date=12 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212104846/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|10 February 2020
|10 February 2021
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Félix Tshisekedi]]
|10 February 2021
|5 February 2022
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Macky Sall]]
|5 February 2022
|18 February 2023
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Azali Assoumani]]
|18 February 2023
|17 February 2024
|{{flag|Comoros}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Ghazouani]]
|17 February 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|}

=== African Union summits ===
[[File:Niger, Niamey, Boulevard Mali Béro (2)(Rue IB-56).jpg|thumb|300px|left|Billboard in Niamey (Niger) announcing the 33rd AU Summit (2019)]]
{{Clear}}
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
|-
!width=155px| Session
! Host country
! Host city
! Date
! Theme
! Notes
|-
| 37th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|17 February 2024|format=d}}–{{dts|18 February 2024}}|| &quot;Educate and Skill Africa for the 21st Century&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://au.int/en/summit/37 | title=African Union &amp;#124; an Integrated, Prosperous and Peaceful Africa }}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 36th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|18 February 2023|format=d}}–{{dts|19 February 2023}}|| || 
|-
| 35th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 February 2022|format=d}}–{{dts|6 February 2022}}|| ||
|-
| 34th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|6 February 2021|format=d}}–{{dts|7 February 2021}}|| ||
|-
| 33rd&lt;ref name=development&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|title=The 33rd AU Summit kicks off with the 39th Session of the Permanent Representatives Committee &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121172202/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|9 February 2020|format=d}}–{{dts|10 February 2020}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|title=33rd AU Summit : Online accreditation for Journalists now open &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203234748/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;||&quot;Silencing the guns: creating conducive conditions for Africa's development&quot;&lt;ref name=development /&gt;||Agreement for [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]] to become operational in July 2020.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore /&gt; Agreements to reduce gender gap and inequality and to &quot;silence guns&quot; on the continent.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|title=South African President Cyril Ramaphosa elected African Union Chairperson as continent vows to 'silence the guns', boost trade and close gender gap|work=Today News Africa|access-date=2 May 2021|date=9 February 2020|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216015953/https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 12th Extraordinary Summit on [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]]&lt;ref name=extra12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705085754/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Niger}}||[[Niamey]]|| {{dts|4 July 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2019}} || &quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot; || Launch of the [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]]
|- 
| 32nd&lt;ref name=&quot;summit32&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=32nd AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/32 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806201405/https://au.int/en/summit/32 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|10 February 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|11 February 2019}}||&quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot;||
|-
| 11th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra11&gt;{{cite web |title=11th Extraordinary Summit Summary of Key Decisions |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |website=African Union |access-date=22 January 2020 |date=18 November 2018 |archive-date=22 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122180323/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 November 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|18 November 2018}}|| || Agreement reached on reorganisation AU Commission&lt;ref name=extra11 /&gt;
|-
| 31st&lt;ref name=&quot;summit31&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=31st AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/31 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708203337/https://au.int/en/summit/31 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mauritania}}||[[Nouakchott]]|| {{dts|25 June 2018|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra10&gt;{{cite web |title=10th Extraordinary Session of the Assembly on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708005309/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]]|| {{dts|17 March 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|21 March 2018}}|| &quot;Creating One African Market&quot; || Agreement reached on the AfCFTA
|-
| 30th&lt;ref name=summit30&gt;{{cite web |title=30th AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/30 |access-date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=22 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322020614/https://au.int/en/summit/30 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|29 January 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 29th&lt;ref name=summit29&gt;{{cite web |title=29th AU summit |date=5 July 2017 |url=https://au.int/en/summit/29 |access-date=15 November 2017 |archive-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116034051/https://au.int/en/summit/29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 June 2017|format=dm}} – {{dts|4 July 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; ||
|-
| 28th&lt;ref name=summit28&gt;{{cite web |title=28th AU summit |date=30 January 2017 |url=https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |access-date=31 January 2017 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202063411/https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2017|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; || Morocco rejoins the AU after 33 years
|-
| 27th&lt;ref name=summit27&gt;{{cite web |title=27th AU summit |date=July 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=7 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007033940/http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]] || {{dts|10 July 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|18 July 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot; || Launch of [[African Union Passport]]
|-
| 26th&lt;ref name=summit26&gt;{{cite web |title=26th AU summit |date=January 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/26 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=29 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929114302/http://au.int/en/summit/26 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot;||
|-
| [[Third India-Africa Forum Summit]] || {{flag|India}} || [[New Delhi]] || {{dts|26 October 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|29 October 2015}} || &quot;Reinvigorated Partnership—Shared Vision&quot; ||
|-
| 25th&lt;ref name=summit25&gt;{{cite web |title=25th AU summit |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002150945/http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=25th African Union Summit in Johannesburg – African Union Commission media information |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215016/http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Johannesburg]] || {{dts|7 June 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|15 June 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; || Featured Angelina Jolie&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=A Call for Global Support in Ending Women's Violence Done by Angelina Jolie |publisher=Newwatch NGR |url=http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |website=newswatchngr.com |date=February 2016 |access-date=23 February 2016 |archive-date=23 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223171129/http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 24th&lt;ref name=summit24&gt;{{cite web |title=24th AU summit |date=January 2015 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624103215/http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-date=24 June 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–Turkey Summit|| {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|19 November 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|21 November 2014}}|| &quot;A New Model of Partnership to Enhance a Sustainable Development and Integration of Africa&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Second Turkey-Africa Partnership Summit |date=November 2014 |url=http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225225133/http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Africa Turkey 2014 |date=November 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095901/http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 23rd&lt;ref name=summit23&gt;{{cite web |title=23rd AU summit |date=June 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709071223/http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-date=9 July 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|20 June 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|27 June 2014}}|| &quot;Year of Agriculture and food security&quot; ||
|-
| 22nd&lt;ref name=summit22&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd AU summit |date=January 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214161520/http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-date=14 February 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd Ordinary Session of the Summit of the African Union |date=January 2014 |url=http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214002039/http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-date=14 February 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2014}}|| &quot;Year Agriculture and food security, Marking 10th Anniversary of the Adoption of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP)&quot; ||
|-
| Extraordinary Summit on the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&lt;ref name=summiticc&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Extraordinary Summit on ICC |date=October 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220184942/http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-date=20 December 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]
| {{dts|11 October 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|12 October 2013}}|| &quot;Africa's Relationship with the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&quot; || This was in regards to the ICC's non-adherence to AU calls to drop certain charges against sitting leaders and claims that it was disproportionally targeting Africans.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |title=Kenya pushing for African split from International Criminal Court |newspaper=[[Irish Times]] |access-date=30 January 2014 |archive-date=28 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928170024/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 21st&lt;ref name=summit21&gt;{{cite web |title=21st AU summit |date=May 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701003301/http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-date=1 July 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|19 May 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|27 May 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; || 50th Anniversary of the Establishment of the [[Organisation of African Unity]]
|-
| 20th&lt;ref name=summit20&gt;{{cite web |title=20th AU summit |date=January 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509094507/http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-date=9 May 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 January 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|28 January 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; ||
|-
| Diaspora Summit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Global Africa Diaspora Summit |date=May 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916162142/http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-date=16 September 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Sandton, South Africa|Sandton]] || {{dts|23 May 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2012}}|| &quot;Towards the Realisation of a United and Integrated Africa and Its Diaspora&quot; ||
|-
| 19th&lt;ref name=summit19&gt;{{cite web |title=19th African Union (AU) Summit to be held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |date=June 2012 |url=http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002164755/http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|9 July 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|16 July 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| 18th&lt;ref name=summit18&gt;{{cite web |title=18th AU summit |date=January 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614120243/http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-date=14 June 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| [[17th Ordinary African Union Summit|17th]]&lt;ref name=summit17&gt;{{cite web |title=17th AU summit |date=June 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095847/http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{nowrap|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|23 June 2011|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2011}}|| &quot;Youth Empowerment for Sustainable Development&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–India Summit || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|20 May 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2011}}|| &quot;Enhancing partnership: shared vision&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=2nd Africa-India Forum Summit |date=May 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331174105/http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia |archive-date=31 March 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 16th&lt;ref name=summit16&gt;{{cite web |title=16th African Union summit |date=January 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090533/http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|24 January 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2011}}|| &quot;Towards Greater Unity and Integration through Shared Values&quot; ||
|-
| 15th&lt;ref name=summit15&gt;{{cite web |title=15th African Union summit |date=July 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909081209/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-date=9 September 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Uganda}}||[[Kampala]] || {{dts|19 July 2010|format=d}}–{{dts|27 July 2010}}|| &quot;Maternal, Infant, and Child Health and Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 14th&lt;ref name=summit14&gt;{{cite web |title=14th African Union summit |date=January 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122225/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2010|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2010}}|| &quot;Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Africa: Challenges and Prospects for Development&quot; ||
|-
| 13th&lt;ref name=summit13&gt;{{cite web |title=13th African Union summit |date=July 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040008/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|24 June 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 July 2009}}|| &quot;Investing in Agriculture for Economic Growth and Food Security&quot; ||
|-
| 12th&lt;ref name=summit12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th African Union summit |date=January 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040018/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|26 January 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 February 2009}}|| &quot;Infrastructure Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 11th&lt;ref name=summit11&gt;{{cite web |title=The 11th AU summit |date=July 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122200/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Egypt}}||[[Sharm el-Sheikh]] || {{dts|24 June 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2008}}|| &quot;Meeting the Millennium Development Goals on Water and Sanitation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th&lt;ref name=summit10&gt;{{cite web |title=The 10th African Union summit |date=January 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102035957/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2008}}|| &quot;Industrial Development of Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 9th&lt;ref name=summit9&gt;{{cite web |title=9th African Union summit |date=July 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040001/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ghana}}||[[Accra]] || {{dts|25 June 2007|format=dm}} – {{dts|6 July 2007}}|| &quot;Grand Debate on the Union Government&quot; ||
|-
| 8th&lt;ref name=summit8&gt;{{cite web |title=8th African Union summit |date=January 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806145357/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2007|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2007}}|| 1. &quot;Science, Technology and Scientific Research for Development&quot; &lt;br /&gt;2. &quot;Climate Change in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 7th&lt;ref name=summit7&gt;{{cite web |title=7th African Union summit |date=July 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806144655/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Gambia}}||[[Banjul]] || {{dts|25 June 2006|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2006}}|| &quot;Rationalisation of Recs and Regional Integration&quot; ||
|-
| 6th&lt;ref name=summit6&gt;{{cite web |title=6th African Union summit |date=January 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214191451/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-date=14 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Sudan}}||[[Khartoum]] || {{dts|16 January 2006|format=d}}–{{dts|24 January 2006}}|| &quot;Education and Culture&quot; ||
|-
| 5th&lt;ref name=summit5&gt;{{cite web |title=5th African Union summit |date=June 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224163231/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-date=24 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|28 June 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|29 June 2005}}|| ||
|-
| Extraordinary summit on UN Reform&lt;ref name=summitlist&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Summit |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215221812/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-date=15 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|4 August 2005}} || ||
|-
| 4th&lt;ref name=summit4&gt;{{cite web |title=4th African Union summit |date=January 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315081032/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-date=15 March 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Nigeria}}||[[Abuja]] || {{dts|24 January 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2005}}|| ||
|-
| 3rd&lt;ref name=summit3&gt;{{cite web |title=3rd African Union summit |date=July 2004 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207061226/http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-date=7 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|6 July 2004|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2004}}|| ||
|-
| 2nd&lt;ref name=summit2&gt;{{cite web |title=African Union Summit Maputo Mozambique |date=July 2003 |url=http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708083551/http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mozambique}}||[[Maputo]] || {{dts|2 July 2003|format=d}}–{{dts|12 July 2003}}|| ||
|-
| 1st&lt;ref name=summit1&gt;{{cite web |title=OAU/AU summit |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022142733/http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |archive-date=22 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Durban, South Africa|Durban]] || {{dts|28 June 2002}} – {{dts|10 July 2002}}|| &quot;Peace, Development and Prosperity: The African Century&quot; || Notable events include the launch of the African Union.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=1st AU summit: Documents and Speeches |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001222437/http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html| archive-date=1 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}


==== Africa–Caribbean relations ====
{{See also|Group of 77|Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States}}
[[Caribbean]] tiŋgbana pam nyɛla din kpuɣi niya ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ni [[Africa]] tiŋgbana. African Union lihirila Caribbean ka di nyɛ yaɣili din ni tooi pahi buyɔbu  &quot;Sixth Region&quot; tiŋgbana yaɣa din laɣim taba maa puuni.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/ African Union 6th Region Diaspora Headquarters to be established in Accompong, Jamaica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311035309/https://thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/|date=11 March 2023}}, 24 January 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;Caribbean tiŋgbani shɛŋa nyɛla Africa din yihi di maŋ pahi tuma yaɣa ni, n-ti tabili [[Barbados]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Lorna|title=Barbados inks MOU with African Export-Import Bank|url=https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717182615/https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|archive-date=17 July 2022|access-date=17 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[the Bahamas]] ni [[Guyana]], din zaa pahi [[African Export–Import Bank]] ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 December 2022|title=Barbados Parliament ratifies Partnership Agreement with Afreximbank, as Guyanaand Bahamas join CARICOM signatories|url=https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323124813/https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|archive-date=23 March 2023|access-date=10 September 2023|website=African Export-Import Bank}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaha, [[Caribbean Development Bank]] dihila laɣim tum gbana ni n-ti [[African Development Bank]] (AfDB).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/ AfDB, CDB move to deepen Africa, Caribbean cooperation, sign MoU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625194438/https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/|date=25 June 2022}}, June 18, 2022&lt;/ref&gt; [[Antigua and Barbuda]] gba niŋ zaɣa ni Africa mini Caribbean.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-01-09|title=Antigua Airways is airborne and ready to become the &quot;pride of the Caribbean&quot;|url=https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423231330/https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua News Room|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=jennelsa.johnson|date=2023-04-17|title=Government has not given up on Antigua Airways as company seeks to make comeback|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424072842/https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amaa, din nyɛla din ʒi yɛli muɣisira na tiŋgbana loobu ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-28|title=3 dead, 13 missing in Caribbean sinking; 14 Africans saved|url=https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531093832/https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|archive-date=31 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=AP NEWS|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-29|title=Tragedy at sea: Boat carrying African migrants from Antigua capsizes near St Kitts|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520064903/https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|archive-date=20 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-31|title=Fury as gov't says it bears no responsibility for migrant boat tragedy|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419124847/https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|archive-date=19 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Less than 600 West African migrants remain in Antigua {{!}} Loop Caribbean News|url=https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910051756/https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|archive-date=10 September 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Loop News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-07|title=The migrants stranded on an island they had not heard of|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822235248/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|archive-date=22 August 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=BBC News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-02-11|title=Antigua Government says no automatic citizenship for stranded Africans|url=https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423182748/https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=CNW Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{main|Africa–China relations}}

==== Africa–China relations ====
Yaɣ'yini din daabiligu be tooni [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC). [[Forum on China–Africa Cooperation]] nyɛla daabiligu balibu noiŋbu Africa tiŋgbana ni mini China.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|pages=56|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tum FOCAC zaŋ gɔhi taba ni yuuni 2012, African Union gab nyɛla din tim nuu ni tabi-sɔŋ ni, amaa  Africantingbana din be FOCAC na kuli nyɛla din zani ti di maŋa sahakam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|page=57|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Africa–EU relations ====
Zaŋ jendi European Commission polo, European Union's biɛhigu ni Africa nyɛla din kpa talahi. Tooni ha Africa-EU laɣim tum niya ni European Commission mini European External Action Service nyɛla din kahigi Joint Communication ni &quot;Towards a Comprehensive Strategy with Africa&quot;. Di buɣisila laɣim tum ni:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|date=2020-11-03|title=Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085246/https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=International Partnerships - European Commission|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 52020JC0004 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516184133/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|archive-date=16 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=eur-lex.europa.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Green Transition and Energy Access
* Digital Transformation
* Sustainable Growth and Jobs&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mobilising Investments for African structural sustainable transformation {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513082259/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|archive-date=13 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Strengthening Resilience, Peace, Security and Governance {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085847/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Peace, Security and Governance&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot; /&gt;
* Migration and Mobility&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Migration and mobility {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085848/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Lahabali_kɔligu:Eritrea_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg|thumb|[[South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011]]]]
In response to the ongoing [[Darfur conflict]] in Sudan, the AU has deployed 7,000 peacekeepers, many from Rwanda and Nigeria, to [[Darfur]]. While a donor's conference in Addis Ababa in 2005 helped raise funds to sustain the peacekeepers through that year and into 2006, in July 2006 the AU said it would pull out at the end of September when its mandate expires.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=28 June 2006|title=AU Darfur mission 'to end soon'|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826204932/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|archive-date=26 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Critics of the AU peacekeepers, including [[Eric Reeves]], have said these forces are largely ineffective due to lack of funds, personnel, and expertise. Monitoring a large area has made it even more difficult to sustain an effective mission. In June 2006, the [[United States Congress]] appropriated US$173&amp;nbsp;million for the AU force. Some, such as the [[Genocide Intervention Network]], have called for UN or [[NATO]] intervention to augment and/or replace the AU peacekeepers. The UN has considered deploying a force, though it would not likely enter the country until at least October 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Security Council Authorises Deployment of United Nations-African Union 'Hybrid' Peace Operation in Bid To Resolve Darfur Conflict|url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc9089.doc.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815184454/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/sc9089.doc.htm|archive-date=15 August 2007|access-date=26 November 2012|publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; The under-funded and badly equipped AU mission was set to expire on 31 December 2006 but was extended to 30 June 2007 and merged with the [[United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur]] in October 2007. In July 2009 the African Union ceased cooperation with the [[International Criminal Court]], refusing to recognise the international arrest warrant it had issued against Sudan's leader, [[Omar al-Bashir]], who was indicted in 2008 for [[War crime|war crimes]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=5 July 2009|title=African move on Bashir dismissed|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225224733/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The AU struggled to have a strategic role in the independence talks and the reconciliation process of [[South Sudan]], due to overwhelming interests of African and non-African powers, its influence is still limited and not consistent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Sulaiman|first=Abubkar o.|author2=Agoha, Ifeanyi Chuckwu|date=1 October 2013|title=South Sudan Negotiated Independence: A Critique of African Union's Role|journal=European Journal of Sustainable Development|volume=2|issue=3|pages=145–154|bibcode=2013EJSD....2..145S|doi=10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n3p145|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Clear}}

== Economy ==
{{main|Economy of the African Union}}

[[African Continental Free Trade Area|African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)]] nyɛla bɛ ni daa piligi shɛli ni tiŋgbana pihinu ni anahi tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu maa puuni ka di daabilim nyɛ din daa piligi Silimiin goli January dahin yini yuuni 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shendruk|first=Amanda|date=2020-12-31|title=The world's largest free trade area starts up on Jan. 1, 2021|url=https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|access-date=2021-01-04|website=Quartz|language=en|archive-date=4 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104075017/https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[African Export–Import Bank]], nyɛla din yɛn tabi sɔŋ ka bɛ piligi [[Pan-African Payment and Settlement System]]..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |title=Profile: African Union |date=1 July 2006 |access-date=10 July 2006 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060712034155/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |archive-date=12 July 2006 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Clear}}
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]]
(km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|title=The World Bank DataBank {{!}} Explore. Create. Share|website=databank.worldbank.org|access-date=4 February 2017|archive-date=7 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107162640/http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[List of countries by population|Population]]
{{UN_Population|Year}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |title=2015 Human Development Report |last=Office |first=Human Development Report |website=report.hdr.undp.org |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211223435/http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016 |title=The Fragile States Index 2016 {{!}} The Fund for Peace|website=fsi.fundforpeace.org|access-date=12 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204213240/http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016|archive-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2016 |last=e.V. |first=Transparency International |newspaper=transparency.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=30 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170130045244/http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/index/ |title=Index of Economic Freedom: Promoting Economic Opportunity and Prosperity by Country |website=www.heritage.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=29 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629215405/http://www.heritage.org/index/ |url-status=unfit }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016 |title=Vision of Humanity |website=static.visionofhumanity.org |access-date=12 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213091208/http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016|archive-date=13 February 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Press Freedom Index|WPFI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://rsf.org/en/ranking|title=2016 World Press Freedom Index {{!}} Reporters Without Borders|newspaper=RSF|access-date=12 February 2017|archive-date=1 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201195036/https://rsf.org/en/ranking|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |title=Democracy Index 2016 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224070253/http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |archive-date=24 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Country|Algeria}}
|2,381,741
|{{UN_Population|Algeria}}
|548,293,085,686
|13,823
|0.736
|78.3
|34
|50.06
|2.21
|41.69
|3.56
|-
|{{Country|Angola}}
|1,246,700
|{{UN_Population|Angola}}
|173,593,223,667
|6,938
|0.532
|90.5
|18
|48.94
|2.14
|39.89
|3.40
|-
|{{Country|Benin}}
|112,760
|{{UN_Population|Benin}}
|21,016,184,357
|1,932
|0.48
|78.9
|36
|59.31
|2.00
|28.97
|5.67
|-
|{{Country|Botswana}}
|566,730
|{{UN_Population|Botswana}}
|33,657,545,969
|14,876
|0.698
|63.5
|60
|71.07
|1.64
|22.91
|7.87
|-
|{{Country|Burkina Faso}}
|273,600
|{{UN_Population|Burkina Faso}}
|28,840,666,622
|1,593
|0.402
|89.4
|42
|59.09
|2.06
|22.66
|4.70
|-
|{{Country|Burundi}}
|25,680
|{{UN_Population|Burundi}}
|7,634,578,343
|300
|0.4
|100.7
|20
|53.91
|2.50
|54.10
|2.40
|-
|{{Country|Cape Verde}}
|4,030
|{{UN_Population|Cape Verde}}
|3,205,197,585
|6,158
|0.646
|71.5
|59
|66.46
|N/A
|19.82
|7.94
|-
|{{Country|Cameroon}}
|472,710
|{{UN_Population|Cameroon}}
|68,302,439,597
|2,926
|0.512
|97.8
|26
|54.18
|2.36
|40.53
|3.46
|-
|{{Country|Central African Republic}}
|622,980
|{{UN_Population|Central African Republic}}
|2,847,726,468
|581
|0.35
|112.1
|20
|45.23
|3.35
|33.60
|1.61
|-
|{{Country|Chad}}
|1,259,200
|{{UN_Population|Chad}}
|28,686,194,920
|2,044
|0.392
|110.1
|20
|46.33
|2.46
|40.59
|1.50
|-
|{{Country|Comoros}}
|1,861
|{{UN_Population|Comoros}}
|1,098,546,195
|1,393
|0.503
|83.8
|24
|52.35
|N/A
|24.33
|3.71
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Democratic Republic of the}}
|2,267,050
|{{UN_Population|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|56,920,935,460
|300
|0.433
|
|21
|46.38
|3.11
|50.97
|1.93
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Republic of the}}
|341,500
|{{UN_Population|Congo}}
|27,690,345,067
|5,993
|0.591
|92.2
|20
|42.80
|2.25
|35.84
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Djibouti}}
|23,180
|{{UN_Population|Djibouti}}
|2,911,406,226
|3,279
|0.47
|89.7
|30
|55.96
|2.29
|70.90
|2.83
|-
|{{Country|Egypt}}
|1,010,407
|{{UN_Population|Egypt}}
|1,173,000,000,000
|10,250
|0.69
|90.2
|34
|55.96
|2.57
|54.45
|3.31
|-
|{{Country|Equatorial Guinea}}
|28,050
|{{UN_Population|Equatorial Guinea}}
|32,317,928,931
|38,243
|0.587
|85.2
|N/A
|43.67
|1.94
|66.47
|1.70
|-
|{{Country|Eritrea}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |title=Eritrea |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121011902/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|101,000
|{{UN_Population|Eritrea}}
|8,845,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.391
|98.6
|18
|42.7
|2.46
|83.92
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Eswatini}}
|17,204
|{{UN_Population|Eswatini}}
|10,452,834,007
|8,122
|0.531
|87.6
|N/A
|59.65
|2.07
|52.37
|3.03
|-
|{{Country|Ethiopia}}
|1,104,300
|{{UN_Population|Ethiopia}}
|152,057,290,468
|1,530
|0.442
|97.2
|34
|51.52
|2.28
|45.13
|3.60
|-
|{{Country|Gabon}}
|257,670
|{{UN_Population|Gabon}}
|32,539,376,597
|18,860
|0.684
|72
|35
|58.96
|2.03
|32.20
|3.74
|-
|{{Country|Gambia, The}}
|10,120
|{{UN_Population|Gambia}}
|3,140,820,062
|1,578
|0.441
|86.8
|26
|57.14
|2.09
|46.53
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Ghana}}
|227,540
|{{UN_Population|Ghana}}
|108,393,071,924
|3,955
|0.579
|71.2
|43
|63.00
|1.81
|17.95
|6.75
|-
|{{Country|Guinea}}
|245,720
|{{UN_Population|Guinea}}
|14,316,884,358
|1,135
|0.411
|103.8
|27
|53.33
|2.15
|33.08
|3.14
|-
|{{Country|Guinea-Bissau}}
|28,120
|{{UN_Population|Guinea-Bissau}}
|2,521,743,682
|1,367
|0.42
|99.8
|16
|51.81
|2.26
|29.03
|1.98
|-
|{{Country|Ivory Coast}}
|318,000
|{{UN_Population|Ivory Coast}}
|74,916,780,423
|3,300
|0.462
|97.9
|34
|60.01
|2.28
|30.17
|3.81
|-
|{{Country|Kenya}}
|569,140
|{{UN_Population|Kenya}}
|133,592,522,053
|2,901
|0.548
|98.3
|26
|57.51
|2.38
|31.16
|5.33
|-
|{{Country|Lesotho}}
|30,360
|{{UN_Population|Lesotho}}
|5,914,437,068
|2,770
|0.497
|80.9
|39
|50.62
|1.94
|28.78
|6.59
|-
|{{Country|Liberia}}
|96,320
|{{UN_Population|Liberia}}
|3,533,313,381
|500
|0.43
|95.5
|37
|52.19
|2.00
|30.71
|5.31
|-
|{{Country|Libya}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya/ |title=Libya |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109235257/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,759,540
|{{UN_Population|Libya}}
|94,010,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|14,900&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.724
|96.4
|14
|N/A
|3.20
|57.89
|2.25
|-
|{{Country|Madagascar}}
|581,800
|{{UN_Population|Madagascar}}
|33,354,200,458
|1,376
|0.51
|84.2
|26
|61.06
|1.76
|27.04
|5.07
|-
|{{Country|Malawi}}
|94,280
|{{UN_Population|Malawi}}
|19,137,290,349
|1,112
|0.445
|87.6
|31
|51.8
|1.82
|28.12
|5.55
|-
|{{Country|Mali}}
|1,220,190
|{{UN_Population|Mali}}
|33,524,899,739
|1,905
|0.419
|95.2
|32
|56.54
|2.49
|39.83
|5.70
|-
|{{Country|Mauritania}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |title=Mauritania |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=7 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107034713/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,030,700
|{{UN_Population|Mauritania}}
|16,190,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|4,400&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.506
|95.4
|27
|54.8
|2.30
|24.03
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Mauritius}}
|2,030
|{{UN_Population|Mauritius}}
|23,817,914,134
|18,864
|0.777
|43.2
|54
|74.73
|1.56
|27.69
|8.28
|-
|{{Country|Morocco}}
|446,300
|{{UN_Population|Morocco}}
|257,398,957,178
|7,365
|0.628
|74.2
|37
|61.27
|2.09
|42.64
|4.77
|-
|{{Country|Mozambique}}
|786,380
|{{UN_Population|Mozambique}}
|31,326,751,237
|1,120
|0.416
|87.8
|27
|53.19
|1.96
|30.25
|4.02
|-
|{{Country|Namibia}}
|823,290
|{{UN_Population|Namibia}}
|24,043,436,006
|9,778
|0.628
|71.1
|52
|61.85
|1.87
|15.15
|6.31
|-
|{{Country|Niger}}
|1,266,700
|{{UN_Population|Niger}}
|17,857,377,171
|897
|0.348
|98.4
|35
|54.26
|2.24
|24.62
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Nigeria}}
|910,770
|{{UN_Population|Nigeria}}
|1,168,000,000,000
|5,639
|0.514
|103.5
|28
|57.46
|2.88
|35.90
|4.50
|-
|{{Country|Rwanda}}
|24,670
|{{UN_Population|Rwanda}}
|19,216,033,048
|1,655
|0.483
|91.3
|54
|63.07
|2.32
|54.61
|3.07
|-
|{{Country|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|960
|{{UN_Population|Sao Tome and Principe}}
|575,391,345
|3,023
|0.555
|72.9
|46
|56.71
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Senegal}}
|192,530
|{{UN_Population|Senegal}}
|34,398,281,018
|2,274
|0.466
|83.6
|45
|58.09
|1.98
|27.99
|6.21
|-
|{{Country|Seychelles}}
|460
|{{UN_Population|Seychelles}}
|2,384,515,771
|25,525
|0.772
|60.2
|N/A
|62.2
|N/A
|30.60
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sierra Leone}}
|72,180
|{{UN_Population|Sierra Leone}}
|9,511,431,824
|1,474
|0.413
|91
|30
|52.31
|1.81
|29.94
|4.55
|-
|{{Country|Somalia}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/ |title=Somalia |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=1 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701190026/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|627,340
|{{UN_Population|Somalia}}
|5,900,000,000&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|114
|10
|N/A
|3.41
|65.35
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|South Africa}}
|1,213,090
|{{UN_Population|South Africa}}
|742,461,000,000
|12,393
|0.666
|69.9
|45
|61.9
|2.32
|21.92
|7.41
|-
|{{Country|South Sudan}}
|619,745
|{{UN_Population|South Sudan}}
|21,484,823,398
|1,741
|0.467
|113.8
|11
|N/A
|3.59
|44.87
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sudan}}
|1,886,086
|{{UN_Population|Sudan}}
|165,813,461,495
|4,121
|0.479
|111.5
|14
|N/A
|3.27
|72.53
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Tanzania}}
|885,800
|{{UN_Population|United Republic of Tanzania}}
|130,297,806,032
|2,510
|0.521
|81.8
|32
|58.46
|1.90
|28.65
|5.76
|-
|{{Country|Togo}}
|54,390
|{{UN_Population|Togo}}
|10,018,697,437
|1,372
|0.484
|85.8
|32
|53.64
|1.95
|30.31
|3.32
|-
|{{Country|Tunisia}}
|155,360
|{{UN_Population|Tunisia}}
|121,200,025,401
|10,770
|0.721
|74.6
|41
|57.55
|1.95
|31.60
|6.40
|-
|{{Country|Uganda}}
|200,520
|{{UN_Population|Uganda}}
|67,856,334,117
|1,738
|0.483
|97.7
|25
|59.26
|2.15
|32.58
|5.26
|-
|{{Country|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 June 2007 |title=Western Sahara |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|266,000
|{{UN_Population|Western Sahara}}
|906,500,000&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2,500&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Zambia}}
|743,390
|{{UN_Population|Zambia}}
|58,400,082,027
|3,602
|0.586
|86.3
|38
|58.79
|1.78
|35.08
|5.99
|-
|{{Country|Zimbabwe}}
|386,850
|{{UN_Population|Zimbabwe}}
|26,180,942,292
|500
|0.509
|100.5
|22
|38.23
|2.32
|40.41
|3.05
|-
|'''{{noflag|African Union}}'''
|30,370,000
|{{UN_Population|Africa}}
|5,457,724,064,668
|4,602
|0.524&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|88.99&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|31.51&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|55.55&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2.27
|37.89
|4.30
|-
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]] (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015
![[List of countries by population|Population]] {{UN_Population|Year}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016
![[Reporters Without Borders|WPFI]]
2016
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016
|}

== Lihimi m-pahi ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Africa Adaptation Initiative]]
* [[African Century]]
* [[African Peer Review Mechanism]]
* [[African Renaissance]]
* [[African Standby Force]]
* [[African Unification Front]]
* [[Africanisation]]
* [[Central Asian Union]]
* [[East African Federation]]
* [[Ezulwini agreement]]
* [[Friends of the African Union]]
* [[Indigenous peoples of Africa]]
* [[List of country groupings]]
* [[List of multilateral free-trade agreements]]
* [[Climate adaptation|Prevention of environmental migration]]
* [[Pan-Africanism]]
* [[Pan-African Women's Organization]]
{{div col end}}

== Noosi ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==Kundivihira==
=== Sources ===
{{Reflist}}

=== General and cited references ===
{{Library resources box}}
* [https://web.archive.org</text>
      <sha1>apz21njd6n0gn53do19tj1skdsbcek3</sha1>
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        <id>5829</id>
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      <text bytes="98198" sha1="9y65dopdwt9yohcikern88u3pynz8bx" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Continental union of African states}}
{{For|the predecessor organisation|Organisation of African Unity}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox geopolitical organisation
| conventional_long_name = African Union
| native_name            = {{Name in various languages
 | name = {{nobold|''(in other official languages)''}}
 | ar = الاتحاد الأفريقي
 | fr = Union africaine
 | pt = União Africana
 | es = Unión Africana
 | sw = Umoja wa Afrika
 }}
| linking_name           = the African Union
| image_flag             = Flag of the African Union.svg
| alt_flag               = Flag of the African Union
| alt_symbol             = 
| symbol_width           = 85px
| motto                  = &quot;A United and Strong Africa&quot;
| anthem                 = &quot;[[Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html |title=African Union anthem, etc |publisher=Africamasterweb.com |access-date=26 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915041714/http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html | archive-date=15 September 2015 | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{center|}}{{Align|center| |style=margin-top:0em}}
| image_map              = Map of the African Union with Suspended States.svg
| alt_map                = An [[Orthographic projection (cartography)|orthographic projection]] of [[Earth|the world]], highlighting the African Union and its member states (green).
| map_width              = 220px
| map_caption            = {{legend2|#2A5C2B|Member states}}&lt;br /&gt;{{legend2|#00D500|Suspended states}}
| org_type               = [[Continental union]]
| membership_type        = Membership
| membership             = {{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
 |title = [[Member states of the African Union|55 member states]]
|{{flag|Algeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Angola|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Benin|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Botswana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Burkina Faso|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp|Suspended}}
|{{flag|Burundi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cameroon|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cape Verde|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Central African Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Chad|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Comoros|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Djibouti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Egypt|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eritrea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eswatini|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ethiopia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Gabon|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Gambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ghana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Guinea|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ivory Coast|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kenya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Lesotho|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Liberia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Libya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Madagascar|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Malawi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mali|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Mauritania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mauritius|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Morocco|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mozambique|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Namibia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Niger|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Nigeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Rwanda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sahrawi Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Senegal|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Seychelles|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sierra Leone|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Somalia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Africa|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Sudan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sudan|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Tanzania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Togo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Tunisia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Uganda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zimbabwe|size=23px}}
}}
{{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
|title = 9 observer states
|{{flag|Haiti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kazakhstan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Latvia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mexico|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Palestine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Serbia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Turkey|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ukraine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates|size=23px}}
}}
| admin_center_type      = Political centres
| admin_center           = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Addis Ababa]]&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;}} |{{nowrap|[[Johannesburg]]&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;}}}}
| largest_settlement_type = urban agglomerations
| largest_city           = 
| largest_settlement     = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Cairo]]}} |{{nowrap|[[Lagos]]}}}}
| languages_type         = Official languages
| languages              = {{hlist | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] | [[English language|English]] | [[French language|French]] | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]]  | [[Swahili language|Swahili]] | and any other [[Languages of Africa|African language]]&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;}}
| demonym                = African
| leader_title1          = [[Chairperson of the African Union|Chairperson]]
| leader_name1           = [[João Lourenço]]
| leader_title2          = [[Chairperson of the African Union Commission|Commission Chairperson]]
| leader_name2           = [[Mahamoud Ali Youssouf]]
| leader_title3          = [[Pan-African Parliament#Presidents of the Pan-African Parliament|Parliamentary President]]
| leader_name3           = [[Fortune Z. Charumbira]]
| legislature            = [[Pan-African Parliament]]
| established_event1     = [[Organisation of African Unity|OAU Charter]]
| established_date1      = 25 May 1963
| established_event2     = [[Abuja Treaty]]
| established_date2      = 3 June 1991
| established_event3     = [[Sirte Declaration]]
| established_date3      = 9 September 1999
| established_event4     = African Union founded
| established_date4      = {{start date and age|2002|07|09}}
| established_event5     = [[History of South Sudan|Admission of]] [[South Sudan]]
| established_date5      = 9 July 2011
| established_event6     = [[Member states of the African Union|Admission of]] [[Morocco]]
| established_date6      = 31 January 2017
| established_event7     = [[African Continental Free Trade Area]] (AfCFTA)
| established_date7      = 1 January 2021
| area_km2               = 29,922,059&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2016&quot;&gt;Corresponds to the terrestrial surface. Including the [[Exclusive Economic Zones]] of each member state, the total area is 43 434 569&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 1,494,988,668{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $8.990 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO/WEOWORLD/IDN/AFQ.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668%2C672%2C612%2C614%2C674%2C676%2C678%2C682%2C684%2C638%2C686%2C688%2C616%2C728%2C748%2C618%2C624%2C692%2C694%2C622%2C626%2C628%2C632%2C636%2C634%2C662%2C611%2C714%2C716%2C469%2C722%2C642%2C643%2C718%2C724%2C734%2C644%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C652%2C732%2C656%2C654%2C738%2C742%2C744%2C746%2C664%2C754%2C666%2C698&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |access-date=8 February 2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714135232/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668,672,612,614,674,676,678,682,684,638,686,688,616,728,748,618,624,692,694,622,626,628,632,636,634,662,611,714,716,469,722,642,643,718,724,734,644,726,646,199,648,733,652,732,656,654,738,742,744,746,664,754,666,698&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,LP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion|Excluding Western Sahara due to lack of data}}
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2024
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $6,330&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal            = {{decrease}} $2.81 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion}}
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2024
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{decrease}} $1,960&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.577
| HDI_year               = 2020
| cctld                  = [[.africa]]
| footnotes              = {{unbulleted list |&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[African Union Commission]]. |&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[Pan-African Parliament]].}}
| official_website       = {{URL|https://au.int}}
| area_rank              = 
| today                  = 
}}

'''African Union''' ('''AU''') nyɛla tiŋgbani bɔbugu laɣingu zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu&lt;ref name=&quot;UIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100033436 |url-access= |title=African Union (AU) |author1=Staff writer |year=2025 |department=UIA Global Civil Society Database |website=uia.org |publisher=[[Union of International Associations]] |agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online |location=Brussels, Belgium |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date=8 January 2025 |via= |quote= |trans-quote= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Member States AU-UN |url=https://www.africanunion-un.org/memberstates |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka nyɛ din be [[Africa]]. AU nyɛla bɛ ni daa niŋ shɛli laɣngu Sirte Declaration din be Sirte, Libya Silimiin goli September yuuni 1999, ka bɛ niya daa nyɛ bɛ kpa African Union. Bɛ daa piligi li Silimiin goli July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002  Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_&amp;_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union,%209%20July%202002.htm |title=Launch of the African Union, 9 July 2002: Address by the chairperson of the AU, President Thabo Mbeki |first=Thabo |last=Mbeki |date=9 July 2002 |publisher=africa-union.org |location=ABSA Stadium, Durban, South Africa |access-date=8 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503210549/http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_%26_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union%2C%209%20July%202002.htm |archive-date=3 May 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ daa mali lala niya ni AU nyɛla di ni tooi zani Organisation of African Unity (OAU) zani, di nyɛla bɛ ni daa kpa shɛli Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1963 ka di ni daa piligi shɛli nyɛ Addis Ababa, gomnantinima pihita ni ayi nyɛ ban daa dihi bɛ nuhi gbana zuɣu zaŋ n-ti li; OAU ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa kari shɛli Silimiin goli  July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002 [[Durban]], [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;/&gt; 

African Union ŋɔ nyɛla din mali salo ban kalinli gari 1.3 &quot;billion&quot; ka di tiŋgbani galisim paai kamani  {{convert|30|e6km2|e6sqmi|sigfig=2|abbr=unit}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Manboah-Rockson |first1=Joseph |title=Politics &amp; the Struggle for Democracy in Ghana: An Introduction to Political Science |date=23 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Balli shɛŋa din be di ni nyɛ  [[Arabic]], [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], n-ti pahi [[Swahili language|Swahili]].&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://au.int/en/about/languages |title=AU Languages |access-date=2 May 2021 |publisher=African Union |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407001442/https://au.int/en/about/languages |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

[[G20]] (Group of 20) laɣingu din daa niŋ [[New Delhi]], [[India]] yuuni 2023, African Union nyɛla ban daa kpɛ G20.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=September 9, 2023 |title=African Union made permanent member of G20 at Delhi summit |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/09/african-union-made-permanent-member-of-g20-at-delhi-summit |access-date=December 12, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Overview ==
African Union niyanima n-nyɛ:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Constitutive Act|url=https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415235637/https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|archive-date=15 April 2020|access-date=2 May 2021|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;

# Di ʒi nangbanyini din mali yaa na, taba laɣimbu ni Africa tinsi mini [[Africa|African]] tingbana taba puu biɛri taba zuɣu.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi maŋsulinsi, tiŋgbana taba shebu ni tiŋgbani din kam be din ni maŋsulinsi.
# Ni di kpaŋsi siyaasa mini biɛhigu-daabiligu laɣimbu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋgbana taba sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 November 2024|title=Evolution of Geopolitical Dynamics in Africa|url=https://www.guambia.com.uy/67/evolution-of-geopolitical-dynamics-in-africa/2312/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=Guambia}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The New Power Play in Africa: Russia, China, and the Shifting Sands of Influence|url=https://kcsgroup.com/the-new-power-play-in-africa-russia-china-and-the-shifting-sands-of-influence/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=KCS Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ni di kpaŋsi ka gu ka taɣi [[Africa|African]] zaashee zaŋ chaŋ bɛ suhuyurilim polo di tiŋgbani yaɣa mini di niriba sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi daabiligu tiŋgban sunsuuni, ka mali [[Charter of the United Nations]] mini [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] tumdi tuma.
# Ni di kpaŋsi suhudoo, niriba gubu, ni tiŋgbani yaɣa zanibu chibi.
# Ni di kmpaŋsi maŋsulinsi zalisi, ni gɔmnanti tali din niŋ dede.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi ninsalinima mini niriba fukumsi din be [[African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights]] ni mini &quot;[[International human rights instruments|human rights instruments]]&quot; yaɣa din niŋ talahi.
# Ni di zali zalisi din kpa talahi ka che ka tiŋgbani yaɣa maa tumdi di tuma dunia daabiligu ni ni shaawara gbaabu tiŋgbana sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim din nyɛ soha-biɛɣuni dini zaŋti daabiligu,biɛhigu ni kaya ni taɣada biɛhigu ni Africa daabiligu yaɣa zaŋ laɣim taba.
# Ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ninsalisili yaɣa kam n duhi biɛri suŋ Africanima sunsuuni.
# To coordinate and harmonise the policies between the existing and future [[Regional Economic Communities]] for the gradual attainment of the objectives of the Union.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim tiŋgbana yaɣa maa ni din dalim vihigu niŋbu, di bahi bahindi tabiibi mini tabiibi zaŋ tum tuma.
# Ni di mini tiŋgbana laɣim tum n-kpihim dɔriti din mali taɣibu mini alaafee kpaŋsibu tiŋgbana ni.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm Africa-union.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604051527/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm|date=4 June 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
{{Main|History of the African Union|History of Africa}}

African Union taarihi pilila &quot;'''First Congress of Independent African States&quot;''', din daa niŋ [[Accra]], [[Ghana]] bini din gbaai Anashaara goli April biɛɣu pinaanu zaŋ chaŋ biɛɣu pishinaayi yuuni 1958. Laɣingu maa niya daa nyɛla di kpa [[Africa Day]], n-ti tabili [[Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU), din daa kpa Anashaara goli May biɛɣu pishinaanu yuuni 1963, ni [[African Economic Community]] yuuni 1991.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210205406/http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may|date=10 December 2018}} South African History Online (SAHO), 15 May 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ansarisi maaniba daa ŋme nangbankpeeni ni OAU ka nuu timbu shɛli ninsalilnima fukumsi ni .&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2115736&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Reynolds|first=Paul|date=8 July 2002|title=African Union replaces dictators' club|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601025542/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|archive-date=1 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tɛha din tahi AU kpabu na nyɛla din daa labi niŋ nyɛvuli 1990s sunsuuni Libyan tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Muammar al-Gaddafi]] saha;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Adebajo|first=Adekeye|date=2011-08-26|title=Gaddafi: the man who would be king of Africa|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011605/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Guardian|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbana zuɣulana mini kpɛma zaŋti OAU daa yina ni [[Sirte Declaration]] (bɛ ni daa zaŋ Sirte, Libya yuli boli shɛli) Anashaara goli September dabaa awɔi yuuni 1999, ka daa ŋmeri kuŋ bɔri African Union nambu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-12-05|title=The African Union After Gaddafi|url=http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410172928/http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|archive-date=10 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 10, 2001|title=African leaders elect OAU boss|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414032647/https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-08-27|title=New Partnership for Africa's Development – NEPAD {{!}} Poverty Eradication|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419153619/https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html|archive-date=19 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=www.un.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

African Union suuna daa niŋla [[Durban]] Anashaara goli July dabaa awɔi yuuni 2002 ni di tuuli ʒia kuɣulana, South Africa tiŋgbani zuɣulana kuro [[Thabo Mbeki]], Assembly of the African Union tuuli yaɣili ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-11-18|title=The African Union is launched|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416010303/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|archive-date=16 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=Africa Renewal|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Assembly yaɣili din pahiri ayi daa niŋla [[Maputo]] yuuni 2003 ka din pahiri ata daa niŋ [[Addis Ababa]] Anashaara goli July dabaa ayɔbu yuuni 2004.

Tum yuuni 2010, African Union daa mali niya ni di kpa &quot;African [[space agency]]&quot; laɣim taba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=5 September 2010|title=Africa prepares to join the big boys in the space race|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116213335/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|archive-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=6 September 2012|title=Sudanese president calls for African space agency|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102203403/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|archive-date=2 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=11 September 2012|title=Africa eyes joint space agency|url=http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021070210/http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|archive-date=21 October 2013|access-date=21 October 2013|publisher=Phys.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Ezigbo|first1=Onyebuchi|last2=Okpara|first2=Lois|date=9 August 2010|title=AU to Establish African Space Agency|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212084442/http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|archive-date=12 February 2014|access-date=11 December 2015|publisher=All Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Barack Obama]] n daa nyɛ tuuli United States tiŋgbani zuɣulana ŋun ʒi gbana ni ka di alizama African Union ni Addis Ababa Anashaara goli July biɛɣu pihita yini ka dali yuuni 2015. O daa alizama dibu ni, o daa kpaŋsiya ni dunisnims laɣindi niŋdi daabiligu ka tabiri sɔŋdi shikuru baŋsim tooni chandi ni, ni lɛbiginsim mini dahi yɛligibu. Amaa, o daa lahi galim suhuyurilim ni ka tiŋgbani shɛŋa ni mini gɔmnantinima ban zaɣisi sheebu ni, ban bi galisi gaŋbu (n-ti tabili ninuɣ'shɛba ban be [[LGBT]] ni, adiininima mini laɣinsi zuliyanima ni) ni kɔriŋ fahili.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Carol E.|date=28 July 2015|title=Obama Becomes First U.S. President to Address African Union|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|url-status=live|access-date=29 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729094216/http://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|archive-date=29 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 July 2015|title=Remarks by President Obama to the People of Africa|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120220442/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|archive-date=20 January 2017|access-date=29 July 2015|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|via=[[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Treaties ===
{{AU evolution timeline}}

== Siyaasa ==

:
; Financial institutions

* [[African Central Bank]] – [[Abuja]], Nigeria
* [[African Investment Bank]] – [[Tripoli, Libya]]
* [[African Monetary Fund]] – [[Yaoundé]], Cameroon

Lala tuma duri ŋɔ na bi kpa; amaa, komitiinima ban be di kpabu ni nyɛla bɛ ni piigi shɛba. Lal n-nyɛli,  AU malila niya ni di diri laɣ'yini ([[Afro (currency)|Afro]]).

; Alaafee
: [[Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention]] (Africa CDC), daa kpala yuuni 2016 ka di suuna niŋ yuuni 2017. Di tuma du'zuɣuri be la Addis Ababa Ethiopia.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int-2017-01-31&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-01-31|title=Africa CDC Official Launch|url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630023917/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-date=30 June 2018|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb.int-2017-02-02&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-02-02|title=The African Union launches Africa CDC, a Continent-wide Public Health Agency|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180037/https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|work=[[Reliefweb]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc.gov-2017-07-27&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-07-27|title=Africa CDC: Improving Disease Detection and Emergency Response on the African Continent|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180936/https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Inspection visit to Africa CDC Headquarters building site|url=https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205114846/https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|archive-date=5 February 2022|access-date=2022-02-05|website=Africa CDC|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; Ninsalinima fukumsi
: [[African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights]], nyɛla din beni tum yuuni 1986, di be la [[African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights]] fukumsi ni (African Charter) amaa ka ni Constitutive Act of the African Union.
; Polo
: [[African Space Agency]] nyɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2023. Di tuma du'zuɣu be la Cairo.
; Yaa
: [[African Energy Commission]] daa nYɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2008, ka be Algiers.

=== Tiŋgbana din be din ni ===
{{Main|Member states of the African Union}}

[[Member states of the United Nations|UN member states]] din be Africa mini African islands zaa bela AU, ka nyɛ yaɣ'shɛli din tabi [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] (SADR). [[Morocco]] daa yila Organisation of African Unity ni yuuni 1984 ka di nyɛla SADR sulinsi ni ka di daa be, ka di tiŋgbani yaɣili [[Western Sahara]] daa zaŋli kpehi di maŋsulinsi ni.  AU daa lahi labi deei li Anashaara goli January biɛɣu pihita yuuni 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;worldbulletin&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=30 January 2017|title=Morocco rejoins African Union|publisher=Worldbulletin|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|url-status=usurped|access-date=31 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720013737/http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|archive-date=20 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Somaliland]], din nyɛ [[Somalia]] ni deei shɛli, daa sabi gbaŋ ti ni di kpe AU yuuni 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nelson&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Nelson, Elizabeth A.|title=Regional Politics and State Secession|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|year=2021|isbn=978-1-83910-377-3|pages=105}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mali nyɛla bɛ nin daa naa yihi shɛba African Union ni saha biɛla sunsuuni Anashaara goli 19 August 2020 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu niŋ naai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=African Union suspends Mali following coup|work=Agence France-Presse, Reuters|publisher=Deutsche Welle|url=https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913003040/https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|archive-date=13 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anashaara goli 9 October lala yuuni ŋɔ yaha, [[Peace and Security Council]] zaŋti African Union daa paai lala yihibu fukumsi ŋɔ Mali zuɣi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union lifts Mali's suspension imposed in the wake of coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009202811/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|archive-date=9 October 2020|access-date=2020-10-09|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Bɛ daa lahi labi zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa tiŋgbani maa zuɣu Anashaara goli June dahin yini dali yuuni 2021, di sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu ni daa lahi niŋ chira awɔi sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2 June 2021|title=African Union announces 'immediate suspension' of Mali after second coup|work=France 24, Reuters, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912141924/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lala fukumsi ŋɔ daa pani Guinea gba zuɣu African Union ni ANashaara goli September biɛɣu pia dali yuuni 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Alpha Condé]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=10 September 2021|title=African Union suspends Guinea after coup, as envoys arrive for talks|work=France 24, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912022912/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sudan gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pani shɛli zuɣu Anashaara goli 27 October 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmananti shee tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Abdalla Hamdok]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union suspends Sudan over coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027130242/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|archive-date=27 October 2021|access-date=2021-10-27|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Burkina Faso gba nyɛla lala fukumsi ŋɔ ni daa pani shɛli zuɣu African Union ni bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu Anashaara goli 31 January 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AU suspends Burkina Faso after coup as envoys head for talks|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062926/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|archive-date=23 December 2022|access-date=2022-01-31|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nige gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛba zuɣu Anashaara goli 22 August 2023 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣula [[Mohamed Bazoum]]; tum din saha ka [[2023 Nigerien crisis]] pili.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2023-08-22|title=African Union suspends participation of Niger following coup|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|url-status=live|access-date=2023-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906024202/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|archive-date=6 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gabon gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛli zuɣu 31 August 2023 bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmananti sheei [[Ali Bongo Ondimba]] nyaaŋa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Newspaper|first=The Peninsula|date=2023-08-31|title=African Union says to 'immediately suspend' Gabon after coup|url=https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902185942/http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|archive-date=2 September 2023|access-date=2023-08-31|website=thepeninsulaqatar.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{TOC limit|3}}


== Members ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{DZA}}
* {{AGO}}
* {{BEN}}
* {{BWA}}
* {{BFA}} (suspended)
* {{BDI}}
* {{CMR}}
* {{CPV}}
* {{CAF}}
* {{TCD}}
* {{COM}}
* {{COD}}
* {{COG}}
* {{DJI}}
* {{EGY}}
* {{GNQ}}
* {{ERI}}
* {{SWZ}}
* {{ETH}}
* {{GAB}}
* {{GMB}}
* {{GHA}}
* {{GIN}} (suspended)
* {{GNB}}
* {{CIV}}
* {{KEN}}
* {{LSO}}
* {{LBR}}
* {{LBY}}
* {{MDG}}
* {{MWI}}
* {{MLI}} (suspended)
* {{MRT}}
* {{MUS}}
* {{MAR}}
* {{MOZ}}
* {{NAM}}
* {{NER}} (suspended)
* {{NGA}}
* {{RWA}}
* {{SADR}}
* {{STP}}
* {{SEN}}
* {{SYC}}
* {{SLE}}
* {{SOM}}
* {{ZAF}}
* {{SSD}}
* {{SDN}} (suspended)
* {{TZA}}
* {{TGO}}
* {{TUN}}
* {{UGA}}
* {{ZMB}}
* {{ZWE}}
{{div col end}}

==== Observers ====
* {{HAI}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Haiti Will Not Join the African Union |url=https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |website=Haiti Hub |access-date=22 June 2023 |date=22 May 2016 |archive-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622142803/https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ISR}} (suspended as of February 2023)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|title=African Union says Israel's observer status suspended|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908195006/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |author=((i24NEWS)) |date=2022-02-06 |title=Israel dispute erupts at African Union summit |language=en |work=Ynetnews |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |access-date=2022-02-06 |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151241/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{KAZ}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstan's Observer status at the African Union: What Does It Mean for Africa? |url=https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=www.igd.org.za |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327081029/https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{LAT}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-01-11|url=http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|title=Latvia becomes observer to African Union|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia]]|website=www.mfa.gov.lv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918030201/http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|archive-date=18 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{MEX}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-06-18 |title=Chairperson Receives the Credentials of the First Permanent Observer of Mexico to the African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |website=au.int |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901115222/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|Palestine}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-05-27 |title=AU grants Palestine observer status |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |publisher=[[Egypt Independent]] |first=Fathya |last=el-Dakhakhni |website=egyptindependent.com |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=29 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229042151/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{SRB}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 January 2014|language=sr-latn|title=Mrkić na samitu u Adis Abebi|url=https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|website=b92.net|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=16 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071458/https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{TUR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-11 |title=What's driving Turkey's commercial &amp; military relations with Africa? |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en-US |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151227/https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{UKR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-06-22 |title=Ukraine has obtained the observer status in the African Union |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] |website=mfa.gov.ua |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071456/https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ARE}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chairperson Receives Credentials of the Permanent Observer of the United Arab Emirates. {{!}} African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=au.int |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151252/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== African Union tuma ====
{{Supranational African Bodies|align=right|size=500px}}Yuuni 1980 [[Lagos Plan of Action for the Development of Africa]] mini yuuni 1991 varisigu ni African Economic Community kpabu (bɛ ni lahi booni shɛli Abuja Treaty), daa yina ni tɛha din nyɛ [[Regional Economic Communities]] (RECs) kpabu ni niŋ binshɛli din yɛn laɣim Africa taba.&lt;ref&gt;See note on [https://web.archive.org/web/20040906140832/http://www.dfa.gov.za/docs/2003/au0815.htm The Role of the Regional Economic Communities (RECs) as the Building Blocks of the African Union] prepared by the South African Department of Foreign Affairs.&lt;/ref&gt;

Saha ŋɔ, RECs dibaa anii m-be AU. Din nima n-nyɛ:

* [[Arab Maghreb Union]] (AMU)
* [[Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa]] (COMESA)
* [[Community of Sahel-Saharan States]] (CEN-SAD)
* [[East African Community]] (EAC)
* [[Economic Community of Central African States]] (ECCAS)
* [[Economic Community of West African States]] (ECOWAS)
* [[Intergovernmental Authority on Development]] (IGAD)
* [[Southern Africa Development Community]] (SADC)&lt;ref&gt;Decision on the Protocol on Relations between the African Union and the Regional Economic Communities (RECs), Assembly/AU/Dec.166 (IX).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=President of Mauritania Elected as New Chairperson of AU|url=https://www.ena.et/web/eng/w/eng_4033947}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of chairpersons ==
{{main|Chairperson of the African Union}}
[[File:Jakaya Kikwete and Muammar al-Gaddafi, 12th AU Summit, 090202-N-0506A-678.jpg|thumb|left|[[Muammar Gaddafi]] embracing Tanzanian President [[Jakaya Kikwete|Kikwete]] after assuming the chairmanship]]
{{Clear|left}}

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-valign=top
|+Chairpersons of the African Union
|-
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Name
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Beginning of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|End of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Country
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Thabo Mbeki]]
|9 July 2002
|10 July 2003
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Joaquim Chissano]]
|10 July 2003
|6 July 2004
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Olusegun Obasanjo]]
|6 July 2004
|24 January 2006
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]]
|24 January 2006
|24 January 2007
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[John Kufuor]]
|30 January 2007
|31 January 2008
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Jakaya Kikwete]]
|31 January 2008
|2 February 2009
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Muammar al-Gaddafi]]
|2 February 2009
|31 January 2010
|{{flagdeco|Libya|1977}} [[Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|Libya]]
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Bingu wa Mutharika]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE60U05O20100131l Gaddafi fails in bid to remain African Union chair], Reuters, 31 January 2010 {{Dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20111230205627/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g8cvj3048f4WEB6UQuim80MKqhVA Malawi president takes over as AU president], AFP, 31 January 2010&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2010
|31 January 2011
|{{flag|Malawi|2010}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography According to the AU] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006153642/http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography |date=6 October 2011 }}, his official style is ''Son Excellence Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Président de la République, Chef de l'État et Président Fondateur du Parti Démocratique de Guinée Equatoriale'' {{in lang|fr}}. Retrieved 4 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2011
|29 January 2012
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Yayi Boni]]
|29 January 2012
|27 January 2013
|{{flag|Benin}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Hailemariam Desalegn]]
|27 January 2013
|30 January 2014
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz]]
|30 January 2014
|30 January 2015
|{{flag|Mauritania|1959}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Robert Mugabe]]
|30 January 2015
|30 January 2016
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Idriss Déby]]
|30 January 2016
|30 January 2017
|{{flag|Chad}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Alpha Condé]]
|30 January 2017
|28 January 2018
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Paul Kagame]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |title=President Paul Kagame, Elected as New Chairperson of the African Union for the year 2018 - African Union |website=au.int |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205134722/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|28 January 2018
|10 February 2019
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]]
|10 February 2019
|10 February 2020
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |title=South Africa takes over as AU chair: What to expect |website=aljazeera.com |access-date=12 February 2020 |archive-date=12 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212104846/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|10 February 2020
|10 February 2021
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Félix Tshisekedi]]
|10 February 2021
|5 February 2022
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Macky Sall]]
|5 February 2022
|18 February 2023
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Azali Assoumani]]
|18 February 2023
|17 February 2024
|{{flag|Comoros}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Ghazouani]]
|17 February 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|}

=== African Union summits ===
[[File:Niger, Niamey, Boulevard Mali Béro (2)(Rue IB-56).jpg|thumb|300px|left|Billboard in Niamey (Niger) announcing the 33rd AU Summit (2019)]]
{{Clear}}
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
|-
!width=155px| Session
! Host country
! Host city
! Date
! Theme
! Notes
|-
| 37th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|17 February 2024|format=d}}–{{dts|18 February 2024}}|| &quot;Educate and Skill Africa for the 21st Century&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://au.int/en/summit/37 | title=African Union &amp;#124; an Integrated, Prosperous and Peaceful Africa }}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 36th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|18 February 2023|format=d}}–{{dts|19 February 2023}}|| || 
|-
| 35th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 February 2022|format=d}}–{{dts|6 February 2022}}|| ||
|-
| 34th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|6 February 2021|format=d}}–{{dts|7 February 2021}}|| ||
|-
| 33rd&lt;ref name=development&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|title=The 33rd AU Summit kicks off with the 39th Session of the Permanent Representatives Committee &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121172202/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|9 February 2020|format=d}}–{{dts|10 February 2020}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|title=33rd AU Summit : Online accreditation for Journalists now open &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203234748/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;||&quot;Silencing the guns: creating conducive conditions for Africa's development&quot;&lt;ref name=development /&gt;||Agreement for [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]] to become operational in July 2020.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore /&gt; Agreements to reduce gender gap and inequality and to &quot;silence guns&quot; on the continent.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|title=South African President Cyril Ramaphosa elected African Union Chairperson as continent vows to 'silence the guns', boost trade and close gender gap|work=Today News Africa|access-date=2 May 2021|date=9 February 2020|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216015953/https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 12th Extraordinary Summit on [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]]&lt;ref name=extra12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705085754/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Niger}}||[[Niamey]]|| {{dts|4 July 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2019}} || &quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot; || Launch of the [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]]
|- 
| 32nd&lt;ref name=&quot;summit32&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=32nd AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/32 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806201405/https://au.int/en/summit/32 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|10 February 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|11 February 2019}}||&quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot;||
|-
| 11th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra11&gt;{{cite web |title=11th Extraordinary Summit Summary of Key Decisions |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |website=African Union |access-date=22 January 2020 |date=18 November 2018 |archive-date=22 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122180323/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 November 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|18 November 2018}}|| || Agreement reached on reorganisation AU Commission&lt;ref name=extra11 /&gt;
|-
| 31st&lt;ref name=&quot;summit31&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=31st AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/31 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708203337/https://au.int/en/summit/31 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mauritania}}||[[Nouakchott]]|| {{dts|25 June 2018|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra10&gt;{{cite web |title=10th Extraordinary Session of the Assembly on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708005309/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]]|| {{dts|17 March 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|21 March 2018}}|| &quot;Creating One African Market&quot; || Agreement reached on the AfCFTA
|-
| 30th&lt;ref name=summit30&gt;{{cite web |title=30th AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/30 |access-date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=22 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322020614/https://au.int/en/summit/30 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|29 January 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 29th&lt;ref name=summit29&gt;{{cite web |title=29th AU summit |date=5 July 2017 |url=https://au.int/en/summit/29 |access-date=15 November 2017 |archive-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116034051/https://au.int/en/summit/29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 June 2017|format=dm}} – {{dts|4 July 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; ||
|-
| 28th&lt;ref name=summit28&gt;{{cite web |title=28th AU summit |date=30 January 2017 |url=https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |access-date=31 January 2017 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202063411/https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2017|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; || Morocco rejoins the AU after 33 years
|-
| 27th&lt;ref name=summit27&gt;{{cite web |title=27th AU summit |date=July 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=7 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007033940/http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]] || {{dts|10 July 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|18 July 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot; || Launch of [[African Union Passport]]
|-
| 26th&lt;ref name=summit26&gt;{{cite web |title=26th AU summit |date=January 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/26 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=29 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929114302/http://au.int/en/summit/26 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot;||
|-
| [[Third India-Africa Forum Summit]] || {{flag|India}} || [[New Delhi]] || {{dts|26 October 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|29 October 2015}} || &quot;Reinvigorated Partnership—Shared Vision&quot; ||
|-
| 25th&lt;ref name=summit25&gt;{{cite web |title=25th AU summit |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002150945/http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=25th African Union Summit in Johannesburg – African Union Commission media information |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215016/http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Johannesburg]] || {{dts|7 June 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|15 June 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; || Featured Angelina Jolie&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=A Call for Global Support in Ending Women's Violence Done by Angelina Jolie |publisher=Newwatch NGR |url=http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |website=newswatchngr.com |date=February 2016 |access-date=23 February 2016 |archive-date=23 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223171129/http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 24th&lt;ref name=summit24&gt;{{cite web |title=24th AU summit |date=January 2015 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624103215/http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-date=24 June 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–Turkey Summit|| {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|19 November 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|21 November 2014}}|| &quot;A New Model of Partnership to Enhance a Sustainable Development and Integration of Africa&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Second Turkey-Africa Partnership Summit |date=November 2014 |url=http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225225133/http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Africa Turkey 2014 |date=November 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095901/http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 23rd&lt;ref name=summit23&gt;{{cite web |title=23rd AU summit |date=June 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709071223/http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-date=9 July 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|20 June 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|27 June 2014}}|| &quot;Year of Agriculture and food security&quot; ||
|-
| 22nd&lt;ref name=summit22&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd AU summit |date=January 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214161520/http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-date=14 February 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd Ordinary Session of the Summit of the African Union |date=January 2014 |url=http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214002039/http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-date=14 February 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2014}}|| &quot;Year Agriculture and food security, Marking 10th Anniversary of the Adoption of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP)&quot; ||
|-
| Extraordinary Summit on the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&lt;ref name=summiticc&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Extraordinary Summit on ICC |date=October 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220184942/http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-date=20 December 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]
| {{dts|11 October 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|12 October 2013}}|| &quot;Africa's Relationship with the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&quot; || This was in regards to the ICC's non-adherence to AU calls to drop certain charges against sitting leaders and claims that it was disproportionally targeting Africans.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |title=Kenya pushing for African split from International Criminal Court |newspaper=[[Irish Times]] |access-date=30 January 2014 |archive-date=28 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928170024/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 21st&lt;ref name=summit21&gt;{{cite web |title=21st AU summit |date=May 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701003301/http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-date=1 July 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|19 May 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|27 May 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; || 50th Anniversary of the Establishment of the [[Organisation of African Unity]]
|-
| 20th&lt;ref name=summit20&gt;{{cite web |title=20th AU summit |date=January 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509094507/http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-date=9 May 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 January 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|28 January 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; ||
|-
| Diaspora Summit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Global Africa Diaspora Summit |date=May 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916162142/http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-date=16 September 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Sandton, South Africa|Sandton]] || {{dts|23 May 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2012}}|| &quot;Towards the Realisation of a United and Integrated Africa and Its Diaspora&quot; ||
|-
| 19th&lt;ref name=summit19&gt;{{cite web |title=19th African Union (AU) Summit to be held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |date=June 2012 |url=http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002164755/http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|9 July 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|16 July 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| 18th&lt;ref name=summit18&gt;{{cite web |title=18th AU summit |date=January 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614120243/http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-date=14 June 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| [[17th Ordinary African Union Summit|17th]]&lt;ref name=summit17&gt;{{cite web |title=17th AU summit |date=June 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095847/http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{nowrap|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|23 June 2011|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2011}}|| &quot;Youth Empowerment for Sustainable Development&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–India Summit || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|20 May 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2011}}|| &quot;Enhancing partnership: shared vision&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=2nd Africa-India Forum Summit |date=May 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331174105/http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia |archive-date=31 March 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 16th&lt;ref name=summit16&gt;{{cite web |title=16th African Union summit |date=January 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090533/http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|24 January 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2011}}|| &quot;Towards Greater Unity and Integration through Shared Values&quot; ||
|-
| 15th&lt;ref name=summit15&gt;{{cite web |title=15th African Union summit |date=July 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909081209/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-date=9 September 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Uganda}}||[[Kampala]] || {{dts|19 July 2010|format=d}}–{{dts|27 July 2010}}|| &quot;Maternal, Infant, and Child Health and Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 14th&lt;ref name=summit14&gt;{{cite web |title=14th African Union summit |date=January 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122225/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2010|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2010}}|| &quot;Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Africa: Challenges and Prospects for Development&quot; ||
|-
| 13th&lt;ref name=summit13&gt;{{cite web |title=13th African Union summit |date=July 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040008/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|24 June 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 July 2009}}|| &quot;Investing in Agriculture for Economic Growth and Food Security&quot; ||
|-
| 12th&lt;ref name=summit12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th African Union summit |date=January 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040018/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|26 January 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 February 2009}}|| &quot;Infrastructure Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 11th&lt;ref name=summit11&gt;{{cite web |title=The 11th AU summit |date=July 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122200/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Egypt}}||[[Sharm el-Sheikh]] || {{dts|24 June 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2008}}|| &quot;Meeting the Millennium Development Goals on Water and Sanitation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th&lt;ref name=summit10&gt;{{cite web |title=The 10th African Union summit |date=January 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102035957/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2008}}|| &quot;Industrial Development of Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 9th&lt;ref name=summit9&gt;{{cite web |title=9th African Union summit |date=July 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040001/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ghana}}||[[Accra]] || {{dts|25 June 2007|format=dm}} – {{dts|6 July 2007}}|| &quot;Grand Debate on the Union Government&quot; ||
|-
| 8th&lt;ref name=summit8&gt;{{cite web |title=8th African Union summit |date=January 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806145357/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2007|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2007}}|| 1. &quot;Science, Technology and Scientific Research for Development&quot; &lt;br /&gt;2. &quot;Climate Change in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 7th&lt;ref name=summit7&gt;{{cite web |title=7th African Union summit |date=July 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806144655/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Gambia}}||[[Banjul]] || {{dts|25 June 2006|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2006}}|| &quot;Rationalisation of Recs and Regional Integration&quot; ||
|-
| 6th&lt;ref name=summit6&gt;{{cite web |title=6th African Union summit |date=January 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214191451/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-date=14 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Sudan}}||[[Khartoum]] || {{dts|16 January 2006|format=d}}–{{dts|24 January 2006}}|| &quot;Education and Culture&quot; ||
|-
| 5th&lt;ref name=summit5&gt;{{cite web |title=5th African Union summit |date=June 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224163231/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-date=24 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|28 June 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|29 June 2005}}|| ||
|-
| Extraordinary summit on UN Reform&lt;ref name=summitlist&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Summit |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215221812/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-date=15 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|4 August 2005}} || ||
|-
| 4th&lt;ref name=summit4&gt;{{cite web |title=4th African Union summit |date=January 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315081032/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-date=15 March 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Nigeria}}||[[Abuja]] || {{dts|24 January 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2005}}|| ||
|-
| 3rd&lt;ref name=summit3&gt;{{cite web |title=3rd African Union summit |date=July 2004 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207061226/http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-date=7 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|6 July 2004|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2004}}|| ||
|-
| 2nd&lt;ref name=summit2&gt;{{cite web |title=African Union Summit Maputo Mozambique |date=July 2003 |url=http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708083551/http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mozambique}}||[[Maputo]] || {{dts|2 July 2003|format=d}}–{{dts|12 July 2003}}|| ||
|-
| 1st&lt;ref name=summit1&gt;{{cite web |title=OAU/AU summit |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022142733/http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |archive-date=22 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Durban, South Africa|Durban]] || {{dts|28 June 2002}} – {{dts|10 July 2002}}|| &quot;Peace, Development and Prosperity: The African Century&quot; || Notable events include the launch of the African Union.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=1st AU summit: Documents and Speeches |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001222437/http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html| archive-date=1 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}


==== Africa–Caribbean relations ====
{{See also|Group of 77|Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States}}
[[Caribbean]] tiŋgbana pam nyɛla din kpuɣi niya ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ni [[Africa]] tiŋgbana. African Union lihirila Caribbean ka di nyɛ yaɣili din ni tooi pahi buyɔbu  &quot;Sixth Region&quot; tiŋgbana yaɣa din laɣim taba maa puuni.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/ African Union 6th Region Diaspora Headquarters to be established in Accompong, Jamaica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311035309/https://thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/|date=11 March 2023}}, 24 January 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;Caribbean tiŋgbani shɛŋa nyɛla Africa din yihi di maŋ pahi tuma yaɣa ni, n-ti tabili [[Barbados]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Lorna|title=Barbados inks MOU with African Export-Import Bank|url=https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717182615/https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|archive-date=17 July 2022|access-date=17 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[the Bahamas]] ni [[Guyana]], din zaa pahi [[African Export–Import Bank]] ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 December 2022|title=Barbados Parliament ratifies Partnership Agreement with Afreximbank, as Guyanaand Bahamas join CARICOM signatories|url=https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323124813/https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|archive-date=23 March 2023|access-date=10 September 2023|website=African Export-Import Bank}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaha, [[Caribbean Development Bank]] dihila laɣim tum gbana ni n-ti [[African Development Bank]] (AfDB).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/ AfDB, CDB move to deepen Africa, Caribbean cooperation, sign MoU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625194438/https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/|date=25 June 2022}}, June 18, 2022&lt;/ref&gt; [[Antigua and Barbuda]] gba niŋ zaɣa ni Africa mini Caribbean.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-01-09|title=Antigua Airways is airborne and ready to become the &quot;pride of the Caribbean&quot;|url=https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423231330/https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua News Room|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=jennelsa.johnson|date=2023-04-17|title=Government has not given up on Antigua Airways as company seeks to make comeback|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424072842/https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amaa, din nyɛla din ʒi yɛli muɣisira na tiŋgbana loobu ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-28|title=3 dead, 13 missing in Caribbean sinking; 14 Africans saved|url=https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531093832/https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|archive-date=31 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=AP NEWS|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-29|title=Tragedy at sea: Boat carrying African migrants from Antigua capsizes near St Kitts|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520064903/https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|archive-date=20 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-31|title=Fury as gov't says it bears no responsibility for migrant boat tragedy|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419124847/https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|archive-date=19 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Less than 600 West African migrants remain in Antigua {{!}} Loop Caribbean News|url=https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910051756/https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|archive-date=10 September 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Loop News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-07|title=The migrants stranded on an island they had not heard of|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822235248/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|archive-date=22 August 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=BBC News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-02-11|title=Antigua Government says no automatic citizenship for stranded Africans|url=https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423182748/https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=CNW Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{main|Africa–China relations}}

==== Africa–China relations ====
Yaɣ'yini din daabiligu be tooni [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC). [[Forum on China–Africa Cooperation]] nyɛla daabiligu balibu noiŋbu Africa tiŋgbana ni mini China.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|pages=56|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tum FOCAC zaŋ gɔhi taba ni yuuni 2012, African Union gab nyɛla din tim nuu ni tabi-sɔŋ ni, amaa  Africantingbana din be FOCAC na kuli nyɛla din zani ti di maŋa sahakam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|page=57|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Africa–EU relations ====
Zaŋ jendi European Commission polo, European Union's biɛhigu ni Africa nyɛla din kpa talahi. Tooni ha Africa-EU laɣim tum niya ni European Commission mini European External Action Service nyɛla din kahigi Joint Communication ni &quot;Towards a Comprehensive Strategy with Africa&quot;. Di buɣisila laɣim tum ni:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|date=2020-11-03|title=Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085246/https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=International Partnerships - European Commission|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 52020JC0004 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516184133/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|archive-date=16 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=eur-lex.europa.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Green Transition and Energy Access
* Digital Transformation
* Sustainable Growth and Jobs&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mobilising Investments for African structural sustainable transformation {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513082259/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|archive-date=13 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Strengthening Resilience, Peace, Security and Governance {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085847/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Peace, Security and Governance&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot; /&gt;
* Migration and Mobility&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Migration and mobility {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085848/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Lahabali_kɔligu:Eritrea_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg|thumb|[[South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011]]]]
In response to the ongoing [[Darfur conflict]] in Sudan, the AU has deployed 7,000 peacekeepers, many from Rwanda and Nigeria, to [[Darfur]]. While a donor's conference in Addis Ababa in 2005 helped raise funds to sustain the peacekeepers through that year and into 2006, in July 2006 the AU said it would pull out at the end of September when its mandate expires.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=28 June 2006|title=AU Darfur mission 'to end soon'|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826204932/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|archive-date=26 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Critics of the AU peacekeepers, including [[Eric Reeves]], have said these forces are largely ineffective due to lack of funds, personnel, and expertise. Monitoring a large area has made it even more difficult to sustain an effective mission. In June 2006, the [[United States Congress]] appropriated US$173&amp;nbsp;million for the AU force. Some, such as the [[Genocide Intervention Network]], have called for UN or [[NATO]] intervention to augment and/or replace the AU peacekeepers. The UN has considered deploying a force, though it would not likely enter the country until at least October 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Security Council Authorises Deployment of United Nations-African Union 'Hybrid' Peace Operation in Bid To Resolve Darfur Conflict|url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc9089.doc.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815184454/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/sc9089.doc.htm|archive-date=15 August 2007|access-date=26 November 2012|publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; The under-funded and badly equipped AU mission was set to expire on 31 December 2006 but was extended to 30 June 2007 and merged with the [[United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur]] in October 2007. In July 2009 the African Union ceased cooperation with the [[International Criminal Court]], refusing to recognise the international arrest warrant it had issued against Sudan's leader, [[Omar al-Bashir]], who was indicted in 2008 for [[War crime|war crimes]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=5 July 2009|title=African move on Bashir dismissed|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225224733/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The AU struggled to have a strategic role in the independence talks and the reconciliation process of [[South Sudan]], due to overwhelming interests of African and non-African powers, its influence is still limited and not consistent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Sulaiman|first=Abubkar o.|author2=Agoha, Ifeanyi Chuckwu|date=1 October 2013|title=South Sudan Negotiated Independence: A Critique of African Union's Role|journal=European Journal of Sustainable Development|volume=2|issue=3|pages=145–154|bibcode=2013EJSD....2..145S|doi=10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n3p145|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Clear}}

== Economy ==
{{main|Economy of the African Union}}

[[African Continental Free Trade Area|African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)]] nyɛla bɛ ni daa piligi shɛli ni tiŋgbana pihinu ni anahi tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu maa puuni ka di daabilim nyɛ din daa piligi Silimiin goli January dahin yini yuuni 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shendruk|first=Amanda|date=2020-12-31|title=The world's largest free trade area starts up on Jan. 1, 2021|url=https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|access-date=2021-01-04|website=Quartz|language=en|archive-date=4 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104075017/https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[African Export–Import Bank]], nyɛla din yɛn tabi sɔŋ ka bɛ piligi [[Pan-African Payment and Settlement System]]..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |title=Profile: African Union |date=1 July 2006 |access-date=10 July 2006 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060712034155/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |archive-date=12 July 2006 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Clear}}
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]]
(km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|title=The World Bank DataBank {{!}} Explore. Create. Share|website=databank.worldbank.org|access-date=4 February 2017|archive-date=7 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107162640/http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[List of countries by population|Population]]
{{UN_Population|Year}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |title=2015 Human Development Report |last=Office |first=Human Development Report |website=report.hdr.undp.org |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211223435/http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016 |title=The Fragile States Index 2016 {{!}} The Fund for Peace|website=fsi.fundforpeace.org|access-date=12 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204213240/http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016|archive-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2016 |last=e.V. |first=Transparency International |newspaper=transparency.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=30 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170130045244/http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/index/ |title=Index of Economic Freedom: Promoting Economic Opportunity and Prosperity by Country |website=www.heritage.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=29 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629215405/http://www.heritage.org/index/ |url-status=unfit }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016 |title=Vision of Humanity |website=static.visionofhumanity.org |access-date=12 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213091208/http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016|archive-date=13 February 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Press Freedom Index|WPFI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://rsf.org/en/ranking|title=2016 World Press Freedom Index {{!}} Reporters Without Borders|newspaper=RSF|access-date=12 February 2017|archive-date=1 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201195036/https://rsf.org/en/ranking|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |title=Democracy Index 2016 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224070253/http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |archive-date=24 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Country|Algeria}}
|2,381,741
|{{UN_Population|Algeria}}
|548,293,085,686
|13,823
|0.736
|78.3
|34
|50.06
|2.21
|41.69
|3.56
|-
|{{Country|Angola}}
|1,246,700
|{{UN_Population|Angola}}
|173,593,223,667
|6,938
|0.532
|90.5
|18
|48.94
|2.14
|39.89
|3.40
|-
|{{Country|Benin}}
|112,760
|{{UN_Population|Benin}}
|21,016,184,357
|1,932
|0.48
|78.9
|36
|59.31
|2.00
|28.97
|5.67
|-
|{{Country|Botswana}}
|566,730
|{{UN_Population|Botswana}}
|33,657,545,969
|14,876
|0.698
|63.5
|60
|71.07
|1.64
|22.91
|7.87
|-
|{{Country|Burkina Faso}}
|273,600
|{{UN_Population|Burkina Faso}}
|28,840,666,622
|1,593
|0.402
|89.4
|42
|59.09
|2.06
|22.66
|4.70
|-
|{{Country|Burundi}}
|25,680
|{{UN_Population|Burundi}}
|7,634,578,343
|300
|0.4
|100.7
|20
|53.91
|2.50
|54.10
|2.40
|-
|{{Country|Cape Verde}}
|4,030
|{{UN_Population|Cape Verde}}
|3,205,197,585
|6,158
|0.646
|71.5
|59
|66.46
|N/A
|19.82
|7.94
|-
|{{Country|Cameroon}}
|472,710
|{{UN_Population|Cameroon}}
|68,302,439,597
|2,926
|0.512
|97.8
|26
|54.18
|2.36
|40.53
|3.46
|-
|{{Country|Central African Republic}}
|622,980
|{{UN_Population|Central African Republic}}
|2,847,726,468
|581
|0.35
|112.1
|20
|45.23
|3.35
|33.60
|1.61
|-
|{{Country|Chad}}
|1,259,200
|{{UN_Population|Chad}}
|28,686,194,920
|2,044
|0.392
|110.1
|20
|46.33
|2.46
|40.59
|1.50
|-
|{{Country|Comoros}}
|1,861
|{{UN_Population|Comoros}}
|1,098,546,195
|1,393
|0.503
|83.8
|24
|52.35
|N/A
|24.33
|3.71
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Democratic Republic of the}}
|2,267,050
|{{UN_Population|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|56,920,935,460
|300
|0.433
|
|21
|46.38
|3.11
|50.97
|1.93
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Republic of the}}
|341,500
|{{UN_Population|Congo}}
|27,690,345,067
|5,993
|0.591
|92.2
|20
|42.80
|2.25
|35.84
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Djibouti}}
|23,180
|{{UN_Population|Djibouti}}
|2,911,406,226
|3,279
|0.47
|89.7
|30
|55.96
|2.29
|70.90
|2.83
|-
|{{Country|Egypt}}
|1,010,407
|{{UN_Population|Egypt}}
|1,173,000,000,000
|10,250
|0.69
|90.2
|34
|55.96
|2.57
|54.45
|3.31
|-
|{{Country|Equatorial Guinea}}
|28,050
|{{UN_Population|Equatorial Guinea}}
|32,317,928,931
|38,243
|0.587
|85.2
|N/A
|43.67
|1.94
|66.47
|1.70
|-
|{{Country|Eritrea}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |title=Eritrea |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121011902/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|101,000
|{{UN_Population|Eritrea}}
|8,845,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.391
|98.6
|18
|42.7
|2.46
|83.92
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Eswatini}}
|17,204
|{{UN_Population|Eswatini}}
|10,452,834,007
|8,122
|0.531
|87.6
|N/A
|59.65
|2.07
|52.37
|3.03
|-
|{{Country|Ethiopia}}
|1,104,300
|{{UN_Population|Ethiopia}}
|152,057,290,468
|1,530
|0.442
|97.2
|34
|51.52
|2.28
|45.13
|3.60
|-
|{{Country|Gabon}}
|257,670
|{{UN_Population|Gabon}}
|32,539,376,597
|18,860
|0.684
|72
|35
|58.96
|2.03
|32.20
|3.74
|-
|{{Country|Gambia, The}}
|10,120
|{{UN_Population|Gambia}}
|3,140,820,062
|1,578
|0.441
|86.8
|26
|57.14
|2.09
|46.53
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Ghana}}
|227,540
|{{UN_Population|Ghana}}
|108,393,071,924
|3,955
|0.579
|71.2
|43
|63.00
|1.81
|17.95
|6.75
|-
|{{Country|Guinea}}
|245,720
|{{UN_Population|Guinea}}
|14,316,884,358
|1,135
|0.411
|103.8
|27
|53.33
|2.15
|33.08
|3.14
|-
|{{Country|Guinea-Bissau}}
|28,120
|{{UN_Population|Guinea-Bissau}}
|2,521,743,682
|1,367
|0.42
|99.8
|16
|51.81
|2.26
|29.03
|1.98
|-
|{{Country|Ivory Coast}}
|318,000
|{{UN_Population|Ivory Coast}}
|74,916,780,423
|3,300
|0.462
|97.9
|34
|60.01
|2.28
|30.17
|3.81
|-
|{{Country|Kenya}}
|569,140
|{{UN_Population|Kenya}}
|133,592,522,053
|2,901
|0.548
|98.3
|26
|57.51
|2.38
|31.16
|5.33
|-
|{{Country|Lesotho}}
|30,360
|{{UN_Population|Lesotho}}
|5,914,437,068
|2,770
|0.497
|80.9
|39
|50.62
|1.94
|28.78
|6.59
|-
|{{Country|Liberia}}
|96,320
|{{UN_Population|Liberia}}
|3,533,313,381
|500
|0.43
|95.5
|37
|52.19
|2.00
|30.71
|5.31
|-
|{{Country|Libya}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya/ |title=Libya |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109235257/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,759,540
|{{UN_Population|Libya}}
|94,010,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|14,900&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.724
|96.4
|14
|N/A
|3.20
|57.89
|2.25
|-
|{{Country|Madagascar}}
|581,800
|{{UN_Population|Madagascar}}
|33,354,200,458
|1,376
|0.51
|84.2
|26
|61.06
|1.76
|27.04
|5.07
|-
|{{Country|Malawi}}
|94,280
|{{UN_Population|Malawi}}
|19,137,290,349
|1,112
|0.445
|87.6
|31
|51.8
|1.82
|28.12
|5.55
|-
|{{Country|Mali}}
|1,220,190
|{{UN_Population|Mali}}
|33,524,899,739
|1,905
|0.419
|95.2
|32
|56.54
|2.49
|39.83
|5.70
|-
|{{Country|Mauritania}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |title=Mauritania |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=7 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107034713/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,030,700
|{{UN_Population|Mauritania}}
|16,190,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|4,400&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.506
|95.4
|27
|54.8
|2.30
|24.03
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Mauritius}}
|2,030
|{{UN_Population|Mauritius}}
|23,817,914,134
|18,864
|0.777
|43.2
|54
|74.73
|1.56
|27.69
|8.28
|-
|{{Country|Morocco}}
|446,300
|{{UN_Population|Morocco}}
|257,398,957,178
|7,365
|0.628
|74.2
|37
|61.27
|2.09
|42.64
|4.77
|-
|{{Country|Mozambique}}
|786,380
|{{UN_Population|Mozambique}}
|31,326,751,237
|1,120
|0.416
|87.8
|27
|53.19
|1.96
|30.25
|4.02
|-
|{{Country|Namibia}}
|823,290
|{{UN_Population|Namibia}}
|24,043,436,006
|9,778
|0.628
|71.1
|52
|61.85
|1.87
|15.15
|6.31
|-
|{{Country|Niger}}
|1,266,700
|{{UN_Population|Niger}}
|17,857,377,171
|897
|0.348
|98.4
|35
|54.26
|2.24
|24.62
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Nigeria}}
|910,770
|{{UN_Population|Nigeria}}
|1,168,000,000,000
|5,639
|0.514
|103.5
|28
|57.46
|2.88
|35.90
|4.50
|-
|{{Country|Rwanda}}
|24,670
|{{UN_Population|Rwanda}}
|19,216,033,048
|1,655
|0.483
|91.3
|54
|63.07
|2.32
|54.61
|3.07
|-
|{{Country|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|960
|{{UN_Population|Sao Tome and Principe}}
|575,391,345
|3,023
|0.555
|72.9
|46
|56.71
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Senegal}}
|192,530
|{{UN_Population|Senegal}}
|34,398,281,018
|2,274
|0.466
|83.6
|45
|58.09
|1.98
|27.99
|6.21
|-
|{{Country|Seychelles}}
|460
|{{UN_Population|Seychelles}}
|2,384,515,771
|25,525
|0.772
|60.2
|N/A
|62.2
|N/A
|30.60
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sierra Leone}}
|72,180
|{{UN_Population|Sierra Leone}}
|9,511,431,824
|1,474
|0.413
|91
|30
|52.31
|1.81
|29.94
|4.55
|-
|{{Country|Somalia}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/ |title=Somalia |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=1 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701190026/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|627,340
|{{UN_Population|Somalia}}
|5,900,000,000&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|114
|10
|N/A
|3.41
|65.35
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|South Africa}}
|1,213,090
|{{UN_Population|South Africa}}
|742,461,000,000
|12,393
|0.666
|69.9
|45
|61.9
|2.32
|21.92
|7.41
|-
|{{Country|South Sudan}}
|619,745
|{{UN_Population|South Sudan}}
|21,484,823,398
|1,741
|0.467
|113.8
|11
|N/A
|3.59
|44.87
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sudan}}
|1,886,086
|{{UN_Population|Sudan}}
|165,813,461,495
|4,121
|0.479
|111.5
|14
|N/A
|3.27
|72.53
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Tanzania}}
|885,800
|{{UN_Population|United Republic of Tanzania}}
|130,297,806,032
|2,510
|0.521
|81.8
|32
|58.46
|1.90
|28.65
|5.76
|-
|{{Country|Togo}}
|54,390
|{{UN_Population|Togo}}
|10,018,697,437
|1,372
|0.484
|85.8
|32
|53.64
|1.95
|30.31
|3.32
|-
|{{Country|Tunisia}}
|155,360
|{{UN_Population|Tunisia}}
|121,200,025,401
|10,770
|0.721
|74.6
|41
|57.55
|1.95
|31.60
|6.40
|-
|{{Country|Uganda}}
|200,520
|{{UN_Population|Uganda}}
|67,856,334,117
|1,738
|0.483
|97.7
|25
|59.26
|2.15
|32.58
|5.26
|-
|{{Country|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 June 2007 |title=Western Sahara |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|266,000
|{{UN_Population|Western Sahara}}
|906,500,000&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2,500&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Zambia}}
|743,390
|{{UN_Population|Zambia}}
|58,400,082,027
|3,602
|0.586
|86.3
|38
|58.79
|1.78
|35.08
|5.99
|-
|{{Country|Zimbabwe}}
|386,850
|{{UN_Population|Zimbabwe}}
|26,180,942,292
|500
|0.509
|100.5
|22
|38.23
|2.32
|40.41
|3.05
|-
|'''{{noflag|African Union}}'''
|30,370,000
|{{UN_Population|Africa}}
|5,457,724,064,668
|4,602
|0.524&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|88.99&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|31.51&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|55.55&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2.27
|37.89
|4.30
|-
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]] (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015
![[List of countries by population|Population]] {{UN_Population|Year}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016
![[Reporters Without Borders|WPFI]]
2016
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016
|}

== Lihimi m-pahi ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Africa Adaptation Initiative]]
* [[African Century]]
* [[African Peer Review Mechanism]]
* [[African Renaissance]]
* [[African Standby Force]]
* [[African Unification Front]]
* [[Africanisation]]
* [[Central Asian Union]]
* [[East African Federation]]
* [[Ezulwini agreement]]
* [[Friends of the African Union]]
* [[Indigenous peoples of Africa]]
* [[List of country groupings]]
* [[List of multilateral free-trade agreements]]
* [[Climate adaptation|Prevention of environmental migration]]
* [[Pan-Africanism]]
* [[Pan-African Women's Organization]]
{{div col end}}

== Noosi ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==Kundivihira==
=== Sources ===
{{Reflist}}

=== General and cited references ===
{{Library resources box}}
* [https://web.archive.org</text>
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        <id>5829</id>
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      <text bytes="98173" sha1="djl4ow1naigev343yvd1c1jj7e10ska" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Continental union of African states}}
{{For|the predecessor organisation|Organisation of African Unity}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox geopolitical organisation
| conventional_long_name = African Union
| native_name            = {{Name in various languages
 | name = {{nobold|''(in other official languages)''}}
 | ar = الاتحاد الأفريقي
 | fr = Union africaine
 | pt = União Africana
 | es = Unión Africana
 | sw = Umoja wa Afrika
 }}
| linking_name           = the African Union
| image_flag             = Flag of the African Union.svg
| alt_flag               = Flag of the African Union
| alt_symbol             = 
| symbol_width           = 85px
| motto                  = &quot;A United and Strong Africa&quot;
| anthem                 = &quot;[[Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html |title=African Union anthem, etc |publisher=Africamasterweb.com |access-date=26 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915041714/http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html | archive-date=15 September 2015 | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{center|}}{{Align|center| |style=margin-top:0em}}
| image_map              = Map of the African Union with Suspended States.svg
| alt_map                = An [[Orthographic projection (cartography)|orthographic projection]] of [[Earth|the world]], highlighting the African Union and its member states (green).
| map_width              = 220px
| map_caption            = {{legend2|#2A5C2B|Member states}}&lt;br /&gt;{{legend2|#00D500|Suspended states}}
| org_type               = [[Continental union]]
| membership_type        = Membership
| membership             = {{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
 |title = [[Member states of the African Union|55 member states]]
|{{flag|Algeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Angola|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Benin|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Botswana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Burkina Faso|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp|Suspended}}
|{{flag|Burundi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cameroon|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cape Verde|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Central African Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Chad|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Comoros|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Djibouti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Egypt|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eritrea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eswatini|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ethiopia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Gabon|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Gambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ghana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Guinea|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ivory Coast|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kenya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Lesotho|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Liberia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Libya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Madagascar|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Malawi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mali|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Mauritania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mauritius|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Morocco|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mozambique|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Namibia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Niger|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Nigeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Rwanda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sahrawi Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Senegal|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Seychelles|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sierra Leone|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Somalia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Africa|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Sudan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sudan|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Tanzania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Togo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Tunisia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Uganda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zimbabwe|size=23px}}
}}
{{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
|title = 9 observer states
|{{flag|Haiti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kazakhstan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Latvia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mexico|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Palestine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Serbia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Turkey|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ukraine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates|size=23px}}
}}
| admin_center_type      = Political centres
| admin_center           = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Addis Ababa]]&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;}} |{{nowrap|[[Johannesburg]]&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;}}}}
| largest_settlement_type = urban agglomerations
| largest_city           = 
| largest_settlement     = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Cairo]]}} |{{nowrap|[[Lagos]]}}}}
| languages_type         = Official languages
| languages              = {{hlist | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] | [[English language|English]] | [[French language|French]] | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]]  | [[Swahili language|Swahili]] | and any other [[Languages of Africa|African language]]&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;}}
| demonym                = African
| leader_title1          = [[Chairperson of the African Union|Chairperson]]
| leader_name1           = [[João Lourenço]]
| leader_title2          = [[Chairperson of the African Union Commission|Commission Chairperson]]
| leader_name2           = [[Mahamoud Ali Youssouf]]
| leader_title3          = [[Pan-African Parliament#Presidents of the Pan-African Parliament|Parliamentary President]]
| leader_name3           = [[Fortune Z. Charumbira]]
| legislature            = [[Pan-African Parliament]]
| established_event1     = [[Organisation of African Unity|OAU Charter]]
| established_date1      = 25 May 1963
| established_event2     = [[Abuja Treaty]]
| established_date2      = 3 June 1991
| established_event3     = [[Sirte Declaration]]
| established_date3      = 9 September 1999
| established_event4     = African Union founded
| established_date4      = {{start date and age|2002|07|09}}
| established_event5     = [[History of South Sudan|Admission of]] [[South Sudan]]
| established_date5      = 9 July 2011
| established_event6     = [[Member states of the African Union|Admission of]] [[Morocco]]
| established_date6      = 31 January 2017
| established_event7     = [[African Continental Free Trade Area]] (AfCFTA)
| established_date7      = 1 January 2021
| area_km2               = 29,922,059&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2016&quot;&gt;Corresponds to the terrestrial surface. Including the [[Exclusive Economic Zones]] of each member state, the total area is 43 434 569&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 1,494,988,668{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $8.990 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO/WEOWORLD/IDN/AFQ.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668%2C672%2C612%2C614%2C674%2C676%2C678%2C682%2C684%2C638%2C686%2C688%2C616%2C728%2C748%2C618%2C624%2C692%2C694%2C622%2C626%2C628%2C632%2C636%2C634%2C662%2C611%2C714%2C716%2C469%2C722%2C642%2C643%2C718%2C724%2C734%2C644%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C652%2C732%2C656%2C654%2C738%2C742%2C744%2C746%2C664%2C754%2C666%2C698&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |access-date=8 February 2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714135232/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668,672,612,614,674,676,678,682,684,638,686,688,616,728,748,618,624,692,694,622,626,628,632,636,634,662,611,714,716,469,722,642,643,718,724,734,644,726,646,199,648,733,652,732,656,654,738,742,744,746,664,754,666,698&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,LP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion|Excluding Western Sahara due to lack of data}}
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2024
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $6,330&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal            = {{decrease}} $2.81 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion}}
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2024
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{decrease}} $1,960&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.577
| HDI_year               = 2020
| cctld                  = [[.africa]]
| footnotes              = {{unbulleted list |&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[African Union Commission]]. |&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[Pan-African Parliament]].}}
| official_website       = {{URL|https://au.int}}
| area_rank              = 
| today                  = 
}}

'''African Union''' ('''AU''') nyɛla tiŋgbani bɔbugu laɣingu zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu&lt;ref name=&quot;UIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100033436 |url-access= |title=African Union (AU) |author1=Staff writer |year=2025 |department=UIA Global Civil Society Database |website=uia.org |publisher=[[Union of International Associations]] |agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online |location=Brussels, Belgium |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date=8 January 2025 |via= |quote= |trans-quote= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Member States AU-UN |url=https://www.africanunion-un.org/memberstates |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka nyɛ din be [[Africa]]. AU nyɛla bɛ ni daa niŋ shɛli laɣngu Sirte Declaration din be Sirte, Libya Silimiin goli September yuuni 1999, ka bɛ niya daa nyɛ bɛ kpa African Union. Bɛ daa piligi li Silimiin goli July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002  Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_&amp;_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union,%209%20July%202002.htm |title=Launch of the African Union, 9 July 2002: Address by the chairperson of the AU, President Thabo Mbeki |first=Thabo |last=Mbeki |date=9 July 2002 |publisher=africa-union.org |location=ABSA Stadium, Durban, South Africa |access-date=8 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503210549/http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_%26_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union%2C%209%20July%202002.htm |archive-date=3 May 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ daa mali lala niya ni AU nyɛla di ni tooi zani Organisation of African Unity (OAU) zani, di nyɛla bɛ ni daa kpa shɛli Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1963 ka di ni daa piligi shɛli nyɛ Addis Ababa, gomnantinima pihita ni ayi nyɛ ban daa dihi bɛ nuhi gbana zuɣu zaŋ n-ti li; OAU ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa kari shɛli Silimiin goli  July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002 Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;/&gt; 

African Union ŋɔ nyɛla din mali salo ban kalinli gari 1.3 &quot;billion&quot; ka di tiŋgbani galisim paai kamani  {{convert|30|e6km2|e6sqmi|sigfig=2|abbr=unit}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Manboah-Rockson |first1=Joseph |title=Politics &amp; the Struggle for Democracy in Ghana: An Introduction to Political Science |date=23 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Balli shɛŋa din be di ni nyɛ  [[Arabic]], [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], Spanish, n-ti pahi [[Swahili language|Swahili]].&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://au.int/en/about/languages |title=AU Languages |access-date=2 May 2021 |publisher=African Union |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407001442/https://au.int/en/about/languages |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

[[G20]] (Group of 20) laɣingu din daa niŋ [[New Delhi]], [[India]] yuuni 2023, African Union nyɛla ban daa kpɛ G20.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=September 9, 2023 |title=African Union made permanent member of G20 at Delhi summit |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/09/african-union-made-permanent-member-of-g20-at-delhi-summit |access-date=December 12, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Overview ==
African Union niyanima n-nyɛ:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Constitutive Act|url=https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415235637/https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|archive-date=15 April 2020|access-date=2 May 2021|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;

# Di ʒi nangbanyini din mali yaa na, taba laɣimbu ni Africa tinsi mini [[Africa|African]] tingbana taba puu biɛri taba zuɣu.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi maŋsulinsi, tiŋgbana taba shebu ni tiŋgbani din kam be din ni maŋsulinsi.
# Ni di kpaŋsi siyaasa mini biɛhigu-daabiligu laɣimbu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋgbana taba sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 November 2024|title=Evolution of Geopolitical Dynamics in Africa|url=https://www.guambia.com.uy/67/evolution-of-geopolitical-dynamics-in-africa/2312/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=Guambia}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The New Power Play in Africa: Russia, China, and the Shifting Sands of Influence|url=https://kcsgroup.com/the-new-power-play-in-africa-russia-china-and-the-shifting-sands-of-influence/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=KCS Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ni di kpaŋsi ka gu ka taɣi [[Africa|African]] zaashee zaŋ chaŋ bɛ suhuyurilim polo di tiŋgbani yaɣa mini di niriba sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi daabiligu tiŋgban sunsuuni, ka mali [[Charter of the United Nations]] mini [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] tumdi tuma.
# Ni di kpaŋsi suhudoo, niriba gubu, ni tiŋgbani yaɣa zanibu chibi.
# Ni di kmpaŋsi maŋsulinsi zalisi, ni gɔmnanti tali din niŋ dede.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi ninsalinima mini niriba fukumsi din be [[African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights]] ni mini &quot;[[International human rights instruments|human rights instruments]]&quot; yaɣa din niŋ talahi.
# Ni di zali zalisi din kpa talahi ka che ka tiŋgbani yaɣa maa tumdi di tuma dunia daabiligu ni ni shaawara gbaabu tiŋgbana sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim din nyɛ soha-biɛɣuni dini zaŋti daabiligu,biɛhigu ni kaya ni taɣada biɛhigu ni Africa daabiligu yaɣa zaŋ laɣim taba.
# Ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ninsalisili yaɣa kam n duhi biɛri suŋ Africanima sunsuuni.
# To coordinate and harmonise the policies between the existing and future [[Regional Economic Communities]] for the gradual attainment of the objectives of the Union.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim tiŋgbana yaɣa maa ni din dalim vihigu niŋbu, di bahi bahindi tabiibi mini tabiibi zaŋ tum tuma.
# Ni di mini tiŋgbana laɣim tum n-kpihim dɔriti din mali taɣibu mini alaafee kpaŋsibu tiŋgbana ni.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm Africa-union.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604051527/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm|date=4 June 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
{{Main|History of the African Union|History of Africa}}

African Union taarihi pilila &quot;'''First Congress of Independent African States&quot;''', din daa niŋ [[Accra]], [[Ghana]] bini din gbaai Anashaara goli April biɛɣu pinaanu zaŋ chaŋ biɛɣu pishinaayi yuuni 1958. Laɣingu maa niya daa nyɛla di kpa [[Africa Day]], n-ti tabili [[Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU), din daa kpa Anashaara goli May biɛɣu pishinaanu yuuni 1963, ni [[African Economic Community]] yuuni 1991.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210205406/http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may|date=10 December 2018}} South African History Online (SAHO), 15 May 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ansarisi maaniba daa ŋme nangbankpeeni ni OAU ka nuu timbu shɛli ninsalilnima fukumsi ni .&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2115736&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Reynolds|first=Paul|date=8 July 2002|title=African Union replaces dictators' club|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601025542/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|archive-date=1 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tɛha din tahi AU kpabu na nyɛla din daa labi niŋ nyɛvuli 1990s sunsuuni Libyan tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Muammar al-Gaddafi]] saha;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Adebajo|first=Adekeye|date=2011-08-26|title=Gaddafi: the man who would be king of Africa|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011605/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Guardian|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbana zuɣulana mini kpɛma zaŋti OAU daa yina ni [[Sirte Declaration]] (bɛ ni daa zaŋ Sirte, Libya yuli boli shɛli) Anashaara goli September dabaa awɔi yuuni 1999, ka daa ŋmeri kuŋ bɔri African Union nambu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-12-05|title=The African Union After Gaddafi|url=http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410172928/http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|archive-date=10 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 10, 2001|title=African leaders elect OAU boss|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414032647/https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-08-27|title=New Partnership for Africa's Development – NEPAD {{!}} Poverty Eradication|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419153619/https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html|archive-date=19 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=www.un.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

African Union suuna daa niŋla [[Durban]] Anashaara goli July dabaa awɔi yuuni 2002 ni di tuuli ʒia kuɣulana, South Africa tiŋgbani zuɣulana kuro [[Thabo Mbeki]], Assembly of the African Union tuuli yaɣili ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-11-18|title=The African Union is launched|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416010303/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|archive-date=16 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=Africa Renewal|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Assembly yaɣili din pahiri ayi daa niŋla [[Maputo]] yuuni 2003 ka din pahiri ata daa niŋ [[Addis Ababa]] Anashaara goli July dabaa ayɔbu yuuni 2004.

Tum yuuni 2010, African Union daa mali niya ni di kpa &quot;African [[space agency]]&quot; laɣim taba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=5 September 2010|title=Africa prepares to join the big boys in the space race|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116213335/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|archive-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=6 September 2012|title=Sudanese president calls for African space agency|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102203403/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|archive-date=2 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=11 September 2012|title=Africa eyes joint space agency|url=http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021070210/http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|archive-date=21 October 2013|access-date=21 October 2013|publisher=Phys.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Ezigbo|first1=Onyebuchi|last2=Okpara|first2=Lois|date=9 August 2010|title=AU to Establish African Space Agency|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212084442/http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|archive-date=12 February 2014|access-date=11 December 2015|publisher=All Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Barack Obama]] n daa nyɛ tuuli United States tiŋgbani zuɣulana ŋun ʒi gbana ni ka di alizama African Union ni Addis Ababa Anashaara goli July biɛɣu pihita yini ka dali yuuni 2015. O daa alizama dibu ni, o daa kpaŋsiya ni dunisnims laɣindi niŋdi daabiligu ka tabiri sɔŋdi shikuru baŋsim tooni chandi ni, ni lɛbiginsim mini dahi yɛligibu. Amaa, o daa lahi galim suhuyurilim ni ka tiŋgbani shɛŋa ni mini gɔmnantinima ban zaɣisi sheebu ni, ban bi galisi gaŋbu (n-ti tabili ninuɣ'shɛba ban be [[LGBT]] ni, adiininima mini laɣinsi zuliyanima ni) ni kɔriŋ fahili.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Carol E.|date=28 July 2015|title=Obama Becomes First U.S. President to Address African Union|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|url-status=live|access-date=29 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729094216/http://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|archive-date=29 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 July 2015|title=Remarks by President Obama to the People of Africa|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120220442/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|archive-date=20 January 2017|access-date=29 July 2015|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|via=[[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Treaties ===
{{AU evolution timeline}}

== Siyaasa ==

:
; Financial institutions

* [[African Central Bank]] – [[Abuja]], Nigeria
* [[African Investment Bank]] – [[Tripoli, Libya]]
* [[African Monetary Fund]] – [[Yaoundé]], Cameroon

Lala tuma duri ŋɔ na bi kpa; amaa, komitiinima ban be di kpabu ni nyɛla bɛ ni piigi shɛba. Lal n-nyɛli,  AU malila niya ni di diri laɣ'yini ([[Afro (currency)|Afro]]).

; Alaafee
: [[Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention]] (Africa CDC), daa kpala yuuni 2016 ka di suuna niŋ yuuni 2017. Di tuma du'zuɣuri be la Addis Ababa Ethiopia.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int-2017-01-31&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-01-31|title=Africa CDC Official Launch|url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630023917/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-date=30 June 2018|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb.int-2017-02-02&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-02-02|title=The African Union launches Africa CDC, a Continent-wide Public Health Agency|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180037/https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|work=[[Reliefweb]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc.gov-2017-07-27&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-07-27|title=Africa CDC: Improving Disease Detection and Emergency Response on the African Continent|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180936/https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Inspection visit to Africa CDC Headquarters building site|url=https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205114846/https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|archive-date=5 February 2022|access-date=2022-02-05|website=Africa CDC|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; Ninsalinima fukumsi
: [[African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights]], nyɛla din beni tum yuuni 1986, di be la [[African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights]] fukumsi ni (African Charter) amaa ka ni Constitutive Act of the African Union.
; Polo
: [[African Space Agency]] nyɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2023. Di tuma du'zuɣu be la Cairo.
; Yaa
: [[African Energy Commission]] daa nYɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2008, ka be Algiers.

=== Tiŋgbana din be din ni ===
{{Main|Member states of the African Union}}

[[Member states of the United Nations|UN member states]] din be Africa mini African islands zaa bela AU, ka nyɛ yaɣ'shɛli din tabi [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] (SADR). [[Morocco]] daa yila Organisation of African Unity ni yuuni 1984 ka di nyɛla SADR sulinsi ni ka di daa be, ka di tiŋgbani yaɣili [[Western Sahara]] daa zaŋli kpehi di maŋsulinsi ni.  AU daa lahi labi deei li Anashaara goli January biɛɣu pihita yuuni 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;worldbulletin&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=30 January 2017|title=Morocco rejoins African Union|publisher=Worldbulletin|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|url-status=usurped|access-date=31 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720013737/http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|archive-date=20 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Somaliland]], din nyɛ [[Somalia]] ni deei shɛli, daa sabi gbaŋ ti ni di kpe AU yuuni 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nelson&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Nelson, Elizabeth A.|title=Regional Politics and State Secession|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|year=2021|isbn=978-1-83910-377-3|pages=105}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mali nyɛla bɛ nin daa naa yihi shɛba African Union ni saha biɛla sunsuuni Anashaara goli 19 August 2020 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu niŋ naai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=African Union suspends Mali following coup|work=Agence France-Presse, Reuters|publisher=Deutsche Welle|url=https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913003040/https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|archive-date=13 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anashaara goli 9 October lala yuuni ŋɔ yaha, [[Peace and Security Council]] zaŋti African Union daa paai lala yihibu fukumsi ŋɔ Mali zuɣi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union lifts Mali's suspension imposed in the wake of coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009202811/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|archive-date=9 October 2020|access-date=2020-10-09|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Bɛ daa lahi labi zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa tiŋgbani maa zuɣu Anashaara goli June dahin yini dali yuuni 2021, di sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu ni daa lahi niŋ chira awɔi sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2 June 2021|title=African Union announces 'immediate suspension' of Mali after second coup|work=France 24, Reuters, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912141924/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lala fukumsi ŋɔ daa pani Guinea gba zuɣu African Union ni ANashaara goli September biɛɣu pia dali yuuni 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Alpha Condé]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=10 September 2021|title=African Union suspends Guinea after coup, as envoys arrive for talks|work=France 24, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912022912/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sudan gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pani shɛli zuɣu Anashaara goli 27 October 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmananti shee tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Abdalla Hamdok]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union suspends Sudan over coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027130242/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|archive-date=27 October 2021|access-date=2021-10-27|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Burkina Faso gba nyɛla lala fukumsi ŋɔ ni daa pani shɛli zuɣu African Union ni bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu Anashaara goli 31 January 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AU suspends Burkina Faso after coup as envoys head for talks|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062926/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|archive-date=23 December 2022|access-date=2022-01-31|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nige gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛba zuɣu Anashaara goli 22 August 2023 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣula [[Mohamed Bazoum]]; tum din saha ka [[2023 Nigerien crisis]] pili.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2023-08-22|title=African Union suspends participation of Niger following coup|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|url-status=live|access-date=2023-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906024202/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|archive-date=6 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gabon gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛli zuɣu 31 August 2023 bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmananti sheei [[Ali Bongo Ondimba]] nyaaŋa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Newspaper|first=The Peninsula|date=2023-08-31|title=African Union says to 'immediately suspend' Gabon after coup|url=https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902185942/http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|archive-date=2 September 2023|access-date=2023-08-31|website=thepeninsulaqatar.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{TOC limit|3}}


== Members ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{DZA}}
* {{AGO}}
* {{BEN}}
* {{BWA}}
* {{BFA}} (suspended)
* {{BDI}}
* {{CMR}}
* {{CPV}}
* {{CAF}}
* {{TCD}}
* {{COM}}
* {{COD}}
* {{COG}}
* {{DJI}}
* {{EGY}}
* {{GNQ}}
* {{ERI}}
* {{SWZ}}
* {{ETH}}
* {{GAB}}
* {{GMB}}
* {{GHA}}
* {{GIN}} (suspended)
* {{GNB}}
* {{CIV}}
* {{KEN}}
* {{LSO}}
* {{LBR}}
* {{LBY}}
* {{MDG}}
* {{MWI}}
* {{MLI}} (suspended)
* {{MRT}}
* {{MUS}}
* {{MAR}}
* {{MOZ}}
* {{NAM}}
* {{NER}} (suspended)
* {{NGA}}
* {{RWA}}
* {{SADR}}
* {{STP}}
* {{SEN}}
* {{SYC}}
* {{SLE}}
* {{SOM}}
* {{ZAF}}
* {{SSD}}
* {{SDN}} (suspended)
* {{TZA}}
* {{TGO}}
* {{TUN}}
* {{UGA}}
* {{ZMB}}
* {{ZWE}}
{{div col end}}

==== Observers ====
* {{HAI}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Haiti Will Not Join the African Union |url=https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |website=Haiti Hub |access-date=22 June 2023 |date=22 May 2016 |archive-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622142803/https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ISR}} (suspended as of February 2023)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|title=African Union says Israel's observer status suspended|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908195006/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |author=((i24NEWS)) |date=2022-02-06 |title=Israel dispute erupts at African Union summit |language=en |work=Ynetnews |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |access-date=2022-02-06 |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151241/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{KAZ}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstan's Observer status at the African Union: What Does It Mean for Africa? |url=https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=www.igd.org.za |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327081029/https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{LAT}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-01-11|url=http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|title=Latvia becomes observer to African Union|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia]]|website=www.mfa.gov.lv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918030201/http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|archive-date=18 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{MEX}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-06-18 |title=Chairperson Receives the Credentials of the First Permanent Observer of Mexico to the African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |website=au.int |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901115222/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|Palestine}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-05-27 |title=AU grants Palestine observer status |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |publisher=[[Egypt Independent]] |first=Fathya |last=el-Dakhakhni |website=egyptindependent.com |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=29 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229042151/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{SRB}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 January 2014|language=sr-latn|title=Mrkić na samitu u Adis Abebi|url=https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|website=b92.net|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=16 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071458/https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{TUR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-11 |title=What's driving Turkey's commercial &amp; military relations with Africa? |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en-US |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151227/https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{UKR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-06-22 |title=Ukraine has obtained the observer status in the African Union |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] |website=mfa.gov.ua |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071456/https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ARE}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chairperson Receives Credentials of the Permanent Observer of the United Arab Emirates. {{!}} African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=au.int |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151252/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== African Union tuma ====
{{Supranational African Bodies|align=right|size=500px}}Yuuni 1980 [[Lagos Plan of Action for the Development of Africa]] mini yuuni 1991 varisigu ni African Economic Community kpabu (bɛ ni lahi booni shɛli Abuja Treaty), daa yina ni tɛha din nyɛ [[Regional Economic Communities]] (RECs) kpabu ni niŋ binshɛli din yɛn laɣim Africa taba.&lt;ref&gt;See note on [https://web.archive.org/web/20040906140832/http://www.dfa.gov.za/docs/2003/au0815.htm The Role of the Regional Economic Communities (RECs) as the Building Blocks of the African Union] prepared by the South African Department of Foreign Affairs.&lt;/ref&gt;

Saha ŋɔ, RECs dibaa anii m-be AU. Din nima n-nyɛ:

* [[Arab Maghreb Union]] (AMU)
* [[Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa]] (COMESA)
* [[Community of Sahel-Saharan States]] (CEN-SAD)
* [[East African Community]] (EAC)
* [[Economic Community of Central African States]] (ECCAS)
* [[Economic Community of West African States]] (ECOWAS)
* [[Intergovernmental Authority on Development]] (IGAD)
* [[Southern Africa Development Community]] (SADC)&lt;ref&gt;Decision on the Protocol on Relations between the African Union and the Regional Economic Communities (RECs), Assembly/AU/Dec.166 (IX).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=President of Mauritania Elected as New Chairperson of AU|url=https://www.ena.et/web/eng/w/eng_4033947}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of chairpersons ==
{{main|Chairperson of the African Union}}
[[File:Jakaya Kikwete and Muammar al-Gaddafi, 12th AU Summit, 090202-N-0506A-678.jpg|thumb|left|[[Muammar Gaddafi]] embracing Tanzanian President [[Jakaya Kikwete|Kikwete]] after assuming the chairmanship]]
{{Clear|left}}

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-valign=top
|+Chairpersons of the African Union
|-
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Name
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Beginning of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|End of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Country
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Thabo Mbeki]]
|9 July 2002
|10 July 2003
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Joaquim Chissano]]
|10 July 2003
|6 July 2004
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Olusegun Obasanjo]]
|6 July 2004
|24 January 2006
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]]
|24 January 2006
|24 January 2007
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[John Kufuor]]
|30 January 2007
|31 January 2008
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Jakaya Kikwete]]
|31 January 2008
|2 February 2009
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Muammar al-Gaddafi]]
|2 February 2009
|31 January 2010
|{{flagdeco|Libya|1977}} [[Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|Libya]]
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Bingu wa Mutharika]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE60U05O20100131l Gaddafi fails in bid to remain African Union chair], Reuters, 31 January 2010 {{Dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20111230205627/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g8cvj3048f4WEB6UQuim80MKqhVA Malawi president takes over as AU president], AFP, 31 January 2010&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2010
|31 January 2011
|{{flag|Malawi|2010}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography According to the AU] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006153642/http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography |date=6 October 2011 }}, his official style is ''Son Excellence Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Président de la République, Chef de l'État et Président Fondateur du Parti Démocratique de Guinée Equatoriale'' {{in lang|fr}}. Retrieved 4 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2011
|29 January 2012
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Yayi Boni]]
|29 January 2012
|27 January 2013
|{{flag|Benin}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Hailemariam Desalegn]]
|27 January 2013
|30 January 2014
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz]]
|30 January 2014
|30 January 2015
|{{flag|Mauritania|1959}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Robert Mugabe]]
|30 January 2015
|30 January 2016
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Idriss Déby]]
|30 January 2016
|30 January 2017
|{{flag|Chad}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Alpha Condé]]
|30 January 2017
|28 January 2018
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Paul Kagame]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |title=President Paul Kagame, Elected as New Chairperson of the African Union for the year 2018 - African Union |website=au.int |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205134722/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|28 January 2018
|10 February 2019
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]]
|10 February 2019
|10 February 2020
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |title=South Africa takes over as AU chair: What to expect |website=aljazeera.com |access-date=12 February 2020 |archive-date=12 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212104846/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|10 February 2020
|10 February 2021
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Félix Tshisekedi]]
|10 February 2021
|5 February 2022
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Macky Sall]]
|5 February 2022
|18 February 2023
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Azali Assoumani]]
|18 February 2023
|17 February 2024
|{{flag|Comoros}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Ghazouani]]
|17 February 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|}

=== African Union summits ===
[[File:Niger, Niamey, Boulevard Mali Béro (2)(Rue IB-56).jpg|thumb|300px|left|Billboard in Niamey (Niger) announcing the 33rd AU Summit (2019)]]
{{Clear}}
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
|-
!width=155px| Session
! Host country
! Host city
! Date
! Theme
! Notes
|-
| 37th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|17 February 2024|format=d}}–{{dts|18 February 2024}}|| &quot;Educate and Skill Africa for the 21st Century&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://au.int/en/summit/37 | title=African Union &amp;#124; an Integrated, Prosperous and Peaceful Africa }}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 36th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|18 February 2023|format=d}}–{{dts|19 February 2023}}|| || 
|-
| 35th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 February 2022|format=d}}–{{dts|6 February 2022}}|| ||
|-
| 34th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|6 February 2021|format=d}}–{{dts|7 February 2021}}|| ||
|-
| 33rd&lt;ref name=development&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|title=The 33rd AU Summit kicks off with the 39th Session of the Permanent Representatives Committee &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121172202/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|9 February 2020|format=d}}–{{dts|10 February 2020}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|title=33rd AU Summit : Online accreditation for Journalists now open &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203234748/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;||&quot;Silencing the guns: creating conducive conditions for Africa's development&quot;&lt;ref name=development /&gt;||Agreement for [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]] to become operational in July 2020.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore /&gt; Agreements to reduce gender gap and inequality and to &quot;silence guns&quot; on the continent.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|title=South African President Cyril Ramaphosa elected African Union Chairperson as continent vows to 'silence the guns', boost trade and close gender gap|work=Today News Africa|access-date=2 May 2021|date=9 February 2020|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216015953/https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 12th Extraordinary Summit on [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]]&lt;ref name=extra12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705085754/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Niger}}||[[Niamey]]|| {{dts|4 July 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2019}} || &quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot; || Launch of the [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]]
|- 
| 32nd&lt;ref name=&quot;summit32&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=32nd AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/32 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806201405/https://au.int/en/summit/32 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|10 February 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|11 February 2019}}||&quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot;||
|-
| 11th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra11&gt;{{cite web |title=11th Extraordinary Summit Summary of Key Decisions |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |website=African Union |access-date=22 January 2020 |date=18 November 2018 |archive-date=22 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122180323/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 November 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|18 November 2018}}|| || Agreement reached on reorganisation AU Commission&lt;ref name=extra11 /&gt;
|-
| 31st&lt;ref name=&quot;summit31&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=31st AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/31 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708203337/https://au.int/en/summit/31 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mauritania}}||[[Nouakchott]]|| {{dts|25 June 2018|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra10&gt;{{cite web |title=10th Extraordinary Session of the Assembly on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708005309/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]]|| {{dts|17 March 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|21 March 2018}}|| &quot;Creating One African Market&quot; || Agreement reached on the AfCFTA
|-
| 30th&lt;ref name=summit30&gt;{{cite web |title=30th AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/30 |access-date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=22 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322020614/https://au.int/en/summit/30 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|29 January 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 29th&lt;ref name=summit29&gt;{{cite web |title=29th AU summit |date=5 July 2017 |url=https://au.int/en/summit/29 |access-date=15 November 2017 |archive-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116034051/https://au.int/en/summit/29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 June 2017|format=dm}} – {{dts|4 July 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; ||
|-
| 28th&lt;ref name=summit28&gt;{{cite web |title=28th AU summit |date=30 January 2017 |url=https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |access-date=31 January 2017 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202063411/https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2017|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; || Morocco rejoins the AU after 33 years
|-
| 27th&lt;ref name=summit27&gt;{{cite web |title=27th AU summit |date=July 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=7 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007033940/http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]] || {{dts|10 July 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|18 July 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot; || Launch of [[African Union Passport]]
|-
| 26th&lt;ref name=summit26&gt;{{cite web |title=26th AU summit |date=January 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/26 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=29 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929114302/http://au.int/en/summit/26 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot;||
|-
| [[Third India-Africa Forum Summit]] || {{flag|India}} || [[New Delhi]] || {{dts|26 October 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|29 October 2015}} || &quot;Reinvigorated Partnership—Shared Vision&quot; ||
|-
| 25th&lt;ref name=summit25&gt;{{cite web |title=25th AU summit |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002150945/http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=25th African Union Summit in Johannesburg – African Union Commission media information |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215016/http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Johannesburg]] || {{dts|7 June 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|15 June 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; || Featured Angelina Jolie&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=A Call for Global Support in Ending Women's Violence Done by Angelina Jolie |publisher=Newwatch NGR |url=http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |website=newswatchngr.com |date=February 2016 |access-date=23 February 2016 |archive-date=23 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223171129/http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 24th&lt;ref name=summit24&gt;{{cite web |title=24th AU summit |date=January 2015 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624103215/http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-date=24 June 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–Turkey Summit|| {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|19 November 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|21 November 2014}}|| &quot;A New Model of Partnership to Enhance a Sustainable Development and Integration of Africa&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Second Turkey-Africa Partnership Summit |date=November 2014 |url=http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225225133/http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Africa Turkey 2014 |date=November 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095901/http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 23rd&lt;ref name=summit23&gt;{{cite web |title=23rd AU summit |date=June 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709071223/http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-date=9 July 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|20 June 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|27 June 2014}}|| &quot;Year of Agriculture and food security&quot; ||
|-
| 22nd&lt;ref name=summit22&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd AU summit |date=January 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214161520/http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-date=14 February 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd Ordinary Session of the Summit of the African Union |date=January 2014 |url=http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214002039/http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-date=14 February 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2014}}|| &quot;Year Agriculture and food security, Marking 10th Anniversary of the Adoption of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP)&quot; ||
|-
| Extraordinary Summit on the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&lt;ref name=summiticc&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Extraordinary Summit on ICC |date=October 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220184942/http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-date=20 December 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]
| {{dts|11 October 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|12 October 2013}}|| &quot;Africa's Relationship with the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&quot; || This was in regards to the ICC's non-adherence to AU calls to drop certain charges against sitting leaders and claims that it was disproportionally targeting Africans.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |title=Kenya pushing for African split from International Criminal Court |newspaper=[[Irish Times]] |access-date=30 January 2014 |archive-date=28 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928170024/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 21st&lt;ref name=summit21&gt;{{cite web |title=21st AU summit |date=May 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701003301/http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-date=1 July 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|19 May 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|27 May 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; || 50th Anniversary of the Establishment of the [[Organisation of African Unity]]
|-
| 20th&lt;ref name=summit20&gt;{{cite web |title=20th AU summit |date=January 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509094507/http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-date=9 May 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 January 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|28 January 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; ||
|-
| Diaspora Summit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Global Africa Diaspora Summit |date=May 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916162142/http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-date=16 September 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Sandton, South Africa|Sandton]] || {{dts|23 May 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2012}}|| &quot;Towards the Realisation of a United and Integrated Africa and Its Diaspora&quot; ||
|-
| 19th&lt;ref name=summit19&gt;{{cite web |title=19th African Union (AU) Summit to be held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |date=June 2012 |url=http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002164755/http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|9 July 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|16 July 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| 18th&lt;ref name=summit18&gt;{{cite web |title=18th AU summit |date=January 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614120243/http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-date=14 June 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| [[17th Ordinary African Union Summit|17th]]&lt;ref name=summit17&gt;{{cite web |title=17th AU summit |date=June 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095847/http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{nowrap|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|23 June 2011|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2011}}|| &quot;Youth Empowerment for Sustainable Development&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–India Summit || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|20 May 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2011}}|| &quot;Enhancing partnership: shared vision&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=2nd Africa-India Forum Summit |date=May 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331174105/http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia |archive-date=31 March 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 16th&lt;ref name=summit16&gt;{{cite web |title=16th African Union summit |date=January 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090533/http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|24 January 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2011}}|| &quot;Towards Greater Unity and Integration through Shared Values&quot; ||
|-
| 15th&lt;ref name=summit15&gt;{{cite web |title=15th African Union summit |date=July 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909081209/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-date=9 September 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Uganda}}||[[Kampala]] || {{dts|19 July 2010|format=d}}–{{dts|27 July 2010}}|| &quot;Maternal, Infant, and Child Health and Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 14th&lt;ref name=summit14&gt;{{cite web |title=14th African Union summit |date=January 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122225/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2010|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2010}}|| &quot;Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Africa: Challenges and Prospects for Development&quot; ||
|-
| 13th&lt;ref name=summit13&gt;{{cite web |title=13th African Union summit |date=July 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040008/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|24 June 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 July 2009}}|| &quot;Investing in Agriculture for Economic Growth and Food Security&quot; ||
|-
| 12th&lt;ref name=summit12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th African Union summit |date=January 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040018/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|26 January 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 February 2009}}|| &quot;Infrastructure Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 11th&lt;ref name=summit11&gt;{{cite web |title=The 11th AU summit |date=July 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122200/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Egypt}}||[[Sharm el-Sheikh]] || {{dts|24 June 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2008}}|| &quot;Meeting the Millennium Development Goals on Water and Sanitation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th&lt;ref name=summit10&gt;{{cite web |title=The 10th African Union summit |date=January 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102035957/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2008}}|| &quot;Industrial Development of Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 9th&lt;ref name=summit9&gt;{{cite web |title=9th African Union summit |date=July 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040001/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ghana}}||[[Accra]] || {{dts|25 June 2007|format=dm}} – {{dts|6 July 2007}}|| &quot;Grand Debate on the Union Government&quot; ||
|-
| 8th&lt;ref name=summit8&gt;{{cite web |title=8th African Union summit |date=January 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806145357/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2007|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2007}}|| 1. &quot;Science, Technology and Scientific Research for Development&quot; &lt;br /&gt;2. &quot;Climate Change in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 7th&lt;ref name=summit7&gt;{{cite web |title=7th African Union summit |date=July 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806144655/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Gambia}}||[[Banjul]] || {{dts|25 June 2006|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2006}}|| &quot;Rationalisation of Recs and Regional Integration&quot; ||
|-
| 6th&lt;ref name=summit6&gt;{{cite web |title=6th African Union summit |date=January 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214191451/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-date=14 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Sudan}}||[[Khartoum]] || {{dts|16 January 2006|format=d}}–{{dts|24 January 2006}}|| &quot;Education and Culture&quot; ||
|-
| 5th&lt;ref name=summit5&gt;{{cite web |title=5th African Union summit |date=June 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224163231/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-date=24 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|28 June 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|29 June 2005}}|| ||
|-
| Extraordinary summit on UN Reform&lt;ref name=summitlist&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Summit |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215221812/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-date=15 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|4 August 2005}} || ||
|-
| 4th&lt;ref name=summit4&gt;{{cite web |title=4th African Union summit |date=January 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315081032/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-date=15 March 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Nigeria}}||[[Abuja]] || {{dts|24 January 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2005}}|| ||
|-
| 3rd&lt;ref name=summit3&gt;{{cite web |title=3rd African Union summit |date=July 2004 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207061226/http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-date=7 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|6 July 2004|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2004}}|| ||
|-
| 2nd&lt;ref name=summit2&gt;{{cite web |title=African Union Summit Maputo Mozambique |date=July 2003 |url=http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708083551/http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mozambique}}||[[Maputo]] || {{dts|2 July 2003|format=d}}–{{dts|12 July 2003}}|| ||
|-
| 1st&lt;ref name=summit1&gt;{{cite web |title=OAU/AU summit |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022142733/http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |archive-date=22 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Durban, South Africa|Durban]] || {{dts|28 June 2002}} – {{dts|10 July 2002}}|| &quot;Peace, Development and Prosperity: The African Century&quot; || Notable events include the launch of the African Union.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=1st AU summit: Documents and Speeches |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001222437/http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html| archive-date=1 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}


==== Africa–Caribbean relations ====
{{See also|Group of 77|Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States}}
[[Caribbean]] tiŋgbana pam nyɛla din kpuɣi niya ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ni [[Africa]] tiŋgbana. African Union lihirila Caribbean ka di nyɛ yaɣili din ni tooi pahi buyɔbu  &quot;Sixth Region&quot; tiŋgbana yaɣa din laɣim taba maa puuni.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/ African Union 6th Region Diaspora Headquarters to be established in Accompong, Jamaica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311035309/https://thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/|date=11 March 2023}}, 24 January 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;Caribbean tiŋgbani shɛŋa nyɛla Africa din yihi di maŋ pahi tuma yaɣa ni, n-ti tabili [[Barbados]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Lorna|title=Barbados inks MOU with African Export-Import Bank|url=https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717182615/https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|archive-date=17 July 2022|access-date=17 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[the Bahamas]] ni [[Guyana]], din zaa pahi [[African Export–Import Bank]] ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 December 2022|title=Barbados Parliament ratifies Partnership Agreement with Afreximbank, as Guyanaand Bahamas join CARICOM signatories|url=https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323124813/https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|archive-date=23 March 2023|access-date=10 September 2023|website=African Export-Import Bank}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaha, [[Caribbean Development Bank]] dihila laɣim tum gbana ni n-ti [[African Development Bank]] (AfDB).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/ AfDB, CDB move to deepen Africa, Caribbean cooperation, sign MoU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625194438/https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/|date=25 June 2022}}, June 18, 2022&lt;/ref&gt; [[Antigua and Barbuda]] gba niŋ zaɣa ni Africa mini Caribbean.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-01-09|title=Antigua Airways is airborne and ready to become the &quot;pride of the Caribbean&quot;|url=https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423231330/https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua News Room|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=jennelsa.johnson|date=2023-04-17|title=Government has not given up on Antigua Airways as company seeks to make comeback|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424072842/https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amaa, din nyɛla din ʒi yɛli muɣisira na tiŋgbana loobu ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-28|title=3 dead, 13 missing in Caribbean sinking; 14 Africans saved|url=https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531093832/https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|archive-date=31 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=AP NEWS|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-29|title=Tragedy at sea: Boat carrying African migrants from Antigua capsizes near St Kitts|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520064903/https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|archive-date=20 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-31|title=Fury as gov't says it bears no responsibility for migrant boat tragedy|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419124847/https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|archive-date=19 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Less than 600 West African migrants remain in Antigua {{!}} Loop Caribbean News|url=https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910051756/https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|archive-date=10 September 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Loop News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-07|title=The migrants stranded on an island they had not heard of|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822235248/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|archive-date=22 August 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=BBC News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-02-11|title=Antigua Government says no automatic citizenship for stranded Africans|url=https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423182748/https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=CNW Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{main|Africa–China relations}}

==== Africa–China relations ====
Yaɣ'yini din daabiligu be tooni [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC). [[Forum on China–Africa Cooperation]] nyɛla daabiligu balibu noiŋbu Africa tiŋgbana ni mini China.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|pages=56|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tum FOCAC zaŋ gɔhi taba ni yuuni 2012, African Union gab nyɛla din tim nuu ni tabi-sɔŋ ni, amaa  Africantingbana din be FOCAC na kuli nyɛla din zani ti di maŋa sahakam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|page=57|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Africa–EU relations ====
Zaŋ jendi European Commission polo, European Union's biɛhigu ni Africa nyɛla din kpa talahi. Tooni ha Africa-EU laɣim tum niya ni European Commission mini European External Action Service nyɛla din kahigi Joint Communication ni &quot;Towards a Comprehensive Strategy with Africa&quot;. Di buɣisila laɣim tum ni:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|date=2020-11-03|title=Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085246/https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=International Partnerships - European Commission|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 52020JC0004 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516184133/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|archive-date=16 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=eur-lex.europa.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Green Transition and Energy Access
* Digital Transformation
* Sustainable Growth and Jobs&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mobilising Investments for African structural sustainable transformation {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513082259/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|archive-date=13 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Strengthening Resilience, Peace, Security and Governance {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085847/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Peace, Security and Governance&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot; /&gt;
* Migration and Mobility&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Migration and mobility {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085848/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Lahabali_kɔligu:Eritrea_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg|thumb|[[South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011]]]]
In response to the ongoing [[Darfur conflict]] in Sudan, the AU has deployed 7,000 peacekeepers, many from Rwanda and Nigeria, to [[Darfur]]. While a donor's conference in Addis Ababa in 2005 helped raise funds to sustain the peacekeepers through that year and into 2006, in July 2006 the AU said it would pull out at the end of September when its mandate expires.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=28 June 2006|title=AU Darfur mission 'to end soon'|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826204932/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|archive-date=26 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Critics of the AU peacekeepers, including [[Eric Reeves]], have said these forces are largely ineffective due to lack of funds, personnel, and expertise. Monitoring a large area has made it even more difficult to sustain an effective mission. In June 2006, the [[United States Congress]] appropriated US$173&amp;nbsp;million for the AU force. Some, such as the [[Genocide Intervention Network]], have called for UN or [[NATO]] intervention to augment and/or replace the AU peacekeepers. The UN has considered deploying a force, though it would not likely enter the country until at least October 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Security Council Authorises Deployment of United Nations-African Union 'Hybrid' Peace Operation in Bid To Resolve Darfur Conflict|url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc9089.doc.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815184454/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/sc9089.doc.htm|archive-date=15 August 2007|access-date=26 November 2012|publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; The under-funded and badly equipped AU mission was set to expire on 31 December 2006 but was extended to 30 June 2007 and merged with the [[United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur]] in October 2007. In July 2009 the African Union ceased cooperation with the [[International Criminal Court]], refusing to recognise the international arrest warrant it had issued against Sudan's leader, [[Omar al-Bashir]], who was indicted in 2008 for [[War crime|war crimes]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=5 July 2009|title=African move on Bashir dismissed|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225224733/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The AU struggled to have a strategic role in the independence talks and the reconciliation process of [[South Sudan]], due to overwhelming interests of African and non-African powers, its influence is still limited and not consistent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Sulaiman|first=Abubkar o.|author2=Agoha, Ifeanyi Chuckwu|date=1 October 2013|title=South Sudan Negotiated Independence: A Critique of African Union's Role|journal=European Journal of Sustainable Development|volume=2|issue=3|pages=145–154|bibcode=2013EJSD....2..145S|doi=10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n3p145|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Clear}}

== Economy ==
{{main|Economy of the African Union}}

[[African Continental Free Trade Area|African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)]] nyɛla bɛ ni daa piligi shɛli ni tiŋgbana pihinu ni anahi tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu maa puuni ka di daabilim nyɛ din daa piligi Silimiin goli January dahin yini yuuni 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shendruk|first=Amanda|date=2020-12-31|title=The world's largest free trade area starts up on Jan. 1, 2021|url=https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|access-date=2021-01-04|website=Quartz|language=en|archive-date=4 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104075017/https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[African Export–Import Bank]], nyɛla din yɛn tabi sɔŋ ka bɛ piligi [[Pan-African Payment and Settlement System]]..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |title=Profile: African Union |date=1 July 2006 |access-date=10 July 2006 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060712034155/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |archive-date=12 July 2006 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Clear}}
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]]
(km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|title=The World Bank DataBank {{!}} Explore. Create. Share|website=databank.worldbank.org|access-date=4 February 2017|archive-date=7 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107162640/http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[List of countries by population|Population]]
{{UN_Population|Year}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |title=2015 Human Development Report |last=Office |first=Human Development Report |website=report.hdr.undp.org |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211223435/http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016 |title=The Fragile States Index 2016 {{!}} The Fund for Peace|website=fsi.fundforpeace.org|access-date=12 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204213240/http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016|archive-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2016 |last=e.V. |first=Transparency International |newspaper=transparency.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=30 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170130045244/http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/index/ |title=Index of Economic Freedom: Promoting Economic Opportunity and Prosperity by Country |website=www.heritage.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=29 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629215405/http://www.heritage.org/index/ |url-status=unfit }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016 |title=Vision of Humanity |website=static.visionofhumanity.org |access-date=12 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213091208/http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016|archive-date=13 February 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Press Freedom Index|WPFI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://rsf.org/en/ranking|title=2016 World Press Freedom Index {{!}} Reporters Without Borders|newspaper=RSF|access-date=12 February 2017|archive-date=1 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201195036/https://rsf.org/en/ranking|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |title=Democracy Index 2016 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224070253/http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |archive-date=24 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Country|Algeria}}
|2,381,741
|{{UN_Population|Algeria}}
|548,293,085,686
|13,823
|0.736
|78.3
|34
|50.06
|2.21
|41.69
|3.56
|-
|{{Country|Angola}}
|1,246,700
|{{UN_Population|Angola}}
|173,593,223,667
|6,938
|0.532
|90.5
|18
|48.94
|2.14
|39.89
|3.40
|-
|{{Country|Benin}}
|112,760
|{{UN_Population|Benin}}
|21,016,184,357
|1,932
|0.48
|78.9
|36
|59.31
|2.00
|28.97
|5.67
|-
|{{Country|Botswana}}
|566,730
|{{UN_Population|Botswana}}
|33,657,545,969
|14,876
|0.698
|63.5
|60
|71.07
|1.64
|22.91
|7.87
|-
|{{Country|Burkina Faso}}
|273,600
|{{UN_Population|Burkina Faso}}
|28,840,666,622
|1,593
|0.402
|89.4
|42
|59.09
|2.06
|22.66
|4.70
|-
|{{Country|Burundi}}
|25,680
|{{UN_Population|Burundi}}
|7,634,578,343
|300
|0.4
|100.7
|20
|53.91
|2.50
|54.10
|2.40
|-
|{{Country|Cape Verde}}
|4,030
|{{UN_Population|Cape Verde}}
|3,205,197,585
|6,158
|0.646
|71.5
|59
|66.46
|N/A
|19.82
|7.94
|-
|{{Country|Cameroon}}
|472,710
|{{UN_Population|Cameroon}}
|68,302,439,597
|2,926
|0.512
|97.8
|26
|54.18
|2.36
|40.53
|3.46
|-
|{{Country|Central African Republic}}
|622,980
|{{UN_Population|Central African Republic}}
|2,847,726,468
|581
|0.35
|112.1
|20
|45.23
|3.35
|33.60
|1.61
|-
|{{Country|Chad}}
|1,259,200
|{{UN_Population|Chad}}
|28,686,194,920
|2,044
|0.392
|110.1
|20
|46.33
|2.46
|40.59
|1.50
|-
|{{Country|Comoros}}
|1,861
|{{UN_Population|Comoros}}
|1,098,546,195
|1,393
|0.503
|83.8
|24
|52.35
|N/A
|24.33
|3.71
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Democratic Republic of the}}
|2,267,050
|{{UN_Population|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|56,920,935,460
|300
|0.433
|
|21
|46.38
|3.11
|50.97
|1.93
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Republic of the}}
|341,500
|{{UN_Population|Congo}}
|27,690,345,067
|5,993
|0.591
|92.2
|20
|42.80
|2.25
|35.84
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Djibouti}}
|23,180
|{{UN_Population|Djibouti}}
|2,911,406,226
|3,279
|0.47
|89.7
|30
|55.96
|2.29
|70.90
|2.83
|-
|{{Country|Egypt}}
|1,010,407
|{{UN_Population|Egypt}}
|1,173,000,000,000
|10,250
|0.69
|90.2
|34
|55.96
|2.57
|54.45
|3.31
|-
|{{Country|Equatorial Guinea}}
|28,050
|{{UN_Population|Equatorial Guinea}}
|32,317,928,931
|38,243
|0.587
|85.2
|N/A
|43.67
|1.94
|66.47
|1.70
|-
|{{Country|Eritrea}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |title=Eritrea |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121011902/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|101,000
|{{UN_Population|Eritrea}}
|8,845,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.391
|98.6
|18
|42.7
|2.46
|83.92
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Eswatini}}
|17,204
|{{UN_Population|Eswatini}}
|10,452,834,007
|8,122
|0.531
|87.6
|N/A
|59.65
|2.07
|52.37
|3.03
|-
|{{Country|Ethiopia}}
|1,104,300
|{{UN_Population|Ethiopia}}
|152,057,290,468
|1,530
|0.442
|97.2
|34
|51.52
|2.28
|45.13
|3.60
|-
|{{Country|Gabon}}
|257,670
|{{UN_Population|Gabon}}
|32,539,376,597
|18,860
|0.684
|72
|35
|58.96
|2.03
|32.20
|3.74
|-
|{{Country|Gambia, The}}
|10,120
|{{UN_Population|Gambia}}
|3,140,820,062
|1,578
|0.441
|86.8
|26
|57.14
|2.09
|46.53
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Ghana}}
|227,540
|{{UN_Population|Ghana}}
|108,393,071,924
|3,955
|0.579
|71.2
|43
|63.00
|1.81
|17.95
|6.75
|-
|{{Country|Guinea}}
|245,720
|{{UN_Population|Guinea}}
|14,316,884,358
|1,135
|0.411
|103.8
|27
|53.33
|2.15
|33.08
|3.14
|-
|{{Country|Guinea-Bissau}}
|28,120
|{{UN_Population|Guinea-Bissau}}
|2,521,743,682
|1,367
|0.42
|99.8
|16
|51.81
|2.26
|29.03
|1.98
|-
|{{Country|Ivory Coast}}
|318,000
|{{UN_Population|Ivory Coast}}
|74,916,780,423
|3,300
|0.462
|97.9
|34
|60.01
|2.28
|30.17
|3.81
|-
|{{Country|Kenya}}
|569,140
|{{UN_Population|Kenya}}
|133,592,522,053
|2,901
|0.548
|98.3
|26
|57.51
|2.38
|31.16
|5.33
|-
|{{Country|Lesotho}}
|30,360
|{{UN_Population|Lesotho}}
|5,914,437,068
|2,770
|0.497
|80.9
|39
|50.62
|1.94
|28.78
|6.59
|-
|{{Country|Liberia}}
|96,320
|{{UN_Population|Liberia}}
|3,533,313,381
|500
|0.43
|95.5
|37
|52.19
|2.00
|30.71
|5.31
|-
|{{Country|Libya}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya/ |title=Libya |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109235257/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,759,540
|{{UN_Population|Libya}}
|94,010,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|14,900&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.724
|96.4
|14
|N/A
|3.20
|57.89
|2.25
|-
|{{Country|Madagascar}}
|581,800
|{{UN_Population|Madagascar}}
|33,354,200,458
|1,376
|0.51
|84.2
|26
|61.06
|1.76
|27.04
|5.07
|-
|{{Country|Malawi}}
|94,280
|{{UN_Population|Malawi}}
|19,137,290,349
|1,112
|0.445
|87.6
|31
|51.8
|1.82
|28.12
|5.55
|-
|{{Country|Mali}}
|1,220,190
|{{UN_Population|Mali}}
|33,524,899,739
|1,905
|0.419
|95.2
|32
|56.54
|2.49
|39.83
|5.70
|-
|{{Country|Mauritania}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |title=Mauritania |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=7 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107034713/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,030,700
|{{UN_Population|Mauritania}}
|16,190,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|4,400&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.506
|95.4
|27
|54.8
|2.30
|24.03
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Mauritius}}
|2,030
|{{UN_Population|Mauritius}}
|23,817,914,134
|18,864
|0.777
|43.2
|54
|74.73
|1.56
|27.69
|8.28
|-
|{{Country|Morocco}}
|446,300
|{{UN_Population|Morocco}}
|257,398,957,178
|7,365
|0.628
|74.2
|37
|61.27
|2.09
|42.64
|4.77
|-
|{{Country|Mozambique}}
|786,380
|{{UN_Population|Mozambique}}
|31,326,751,237
|1,120
|0.416
|87.8
|27
|53.19
|1.96
|30.25
|4.02
|-
|{{Country|Namibia}}
|823,290
|{{UN_Population|Namibia}}
|24,043,436,006
|9,778
|0.628
|71.1
|52
|61.85
|1.87
|15.15
|6.31
|-
|{{Country|Niger}}
|1,266,700
|{{UN_Population|Niger}}
|17,857,377,171
|897
|0.348
|98.4
|35
|54.26
|2.24
|24.62
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Nigeria}}
|910,770
|{{UN_Population|Nigeria}}
|1,168,000,000,000
|5,639
|0.514
|103.5
|28
|57.46
|2.88
|35.90
|4.50
|-
|{{Country|Rwanda}}
|24,670
|{{UN_Population|Rwanda}}
|19,216,033,048
|1,655
|0.483
|91.3
|54
|63.07
|2.32
|54.61
|3.07
|-
|{{Country|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|960
|{{UN_Population|Sao Tome and Principe}}
|575,391,345
|3,023
|0.555
|72.9
|46
|56.71
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Senegal}}
|192,530
|{{UN_Population|Senegal}}
|34,398,281,018
|2,274
|0.466
|83.6
|45
|58.09
|1.98
|27.99
|6.21
|-
|{{Country|Seychelles}}
|460
|{{UN_Population|Seychelles}}
|2,384,515,771
|25,525
|0.772
|60.2
|N/A
|62.2
|N/A
|30.60
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sierra Leone}}
|72,180
|{{UN_Population|Sierra Leone}}
|9,511,431,824
|1,474
|0.413
|91
|30
|52.31
|1.81
|29.94
|4.55
|-
|{{Country|Somalia}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/ |title=Somalia |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=1 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701190026/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|627,340
|{{UN_Population|Somalia}}
|5,900,000,000&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|114
|10
|N/A
|3.41
|65.35
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|South Africa}}
|1,213,090
|{{UN_Population|South Africa}}
|742,461,000,000
|12,393
|0.666
|69.9
|45
|61.9
|2.32
|21.92
|7.41
|-
|{{Country|South Sudan}}
|619,745
|{{UN_Population|South Sudan}}
|21,484,823,398
|1,741
|0.467
|113.8
|11
|N/A
|3.59
|44.87
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sudan}}
|1,886,086
|{{UN_Population|Sudan}}
|165,813,461,495
|4,121
|0.479
|111.5
|14
|N/A
|3.27
|72.53
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Tanzania}}
|885,800
|{{UN_Population|United Republic of Tanzania}}
|130,297,806,032
|2,510
|0.521
|81.8
|32
|58.46
|1.90
|28.65
|5.76
|-
|{{Country|Togo}}
|54,390
|{{UN_Population|Togo}}
|10,018,697,437
|1,372
|0.484
|85.8
|32
|53.64
|1.95
|30.31
|3.32
|-
|{{Country|Tunisia}}
|155,360
|{{UN_Population|Tunisia}}
|121,200,025,401
|10,770
|0.721
|74.6
|41
|57.55
|1.95
|31.60
|6.40
|-
|{{Country|Uganda}}
|200,520
|{{UN_Population|Uganda}}
|67,856,334,117
|1,738
|0.483
|97.7
|25
|59.26
|2.15
|32.58
|5.26
|-
|{{Country|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 June 2007 |title=Western Sahara |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|266,000
|{{UN_Population|Western Sahara}}
|906,500,000&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2,500&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Zambia}}
|743,390
|{{UN_Population|Zambia}}
|58,400,082,027
|3,602
|0.586
|86.3
|38
|58.79
|1.78
|35.08
|5.99
|-
|{{Country|Zimbabwe}}
|386,850
|{{UN_Population|Zimbabwe}}
|26,180,942,292
|500
|0.509
|100.5
|22
|38.23
|2.32
|40.41
|3.05
|-
|'''{{noflag|African Union}}'''
|30,370,000
|{{UN_Population|Africa}}
|5,457,724,064,668
|4,602
|0.524&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|88.99&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|31.51&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|55.55&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2.27
|37.89
|4.30
|-
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]] (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015
![[List of countries by population|Population]] {{UN_Population|Year}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016
![[Reporters Without Borders|WPFI]]
2016
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016
|}

== Lihimi m-pahi ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Africa Adaptation Initiative]]
* [[African Century]]
* [[African Peer Review Mechanism]]
* [[African Renaissance]]
* [[African Standby Force]]
* [[African Unification Front]]
* [[Africanisation]]
* [[Central Asian Union]]
* [[East African Federation]]
* [[Ezulwini agreement]]
* [[Friends of the African Union]]
* [[Indigenous peoples of Africa]]
* [[List of country groupings]]
* [[List of multilateral free-trade agreements]]
* [[Climate adaptation|Prevention of environmental migration]]
* [[Pan-Africanism]]
* [[Pan-African Women's Organization]]
{{div col end}}

== Noosi ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==Kundivihira==
=== Sources ===
{{Reflist}}

=== General and cited references ===
{{Library resources box}}
* [https://web.archive.org</text>
      <sha1>djl4ow1naigev343yvd1c1jj7e10ska</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>115030</id>
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      <timestamp>2025-06-09T13:49:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdul Rahman Abdul Kudus</username>
        <id>5829</id>
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      <text bytes="98129" sha1="6odwtmxobn7ttvoewg7bppkwneax9rd" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Continental union of African states}}
{{For|the predecessor organisation|Organisation of African Unity}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox geopolitical organisation
| conventional_long_name = African Union
| native_name            = {{Name in various languages
 | name = {{nobold|''(in other official languages)''}}
 | ar = الاتحاد الأفريقي
 | fr = Union africaine
 | pt = União Africana
 | es = Unión Africana
 | sw = Umoja wa Afrika
 }}
| linking_name           = the African Union
| image_flag             = Flag of the African Union.svg
| alt_flag               = Flag of the African Union
| alt_symbol             = 
| symbol_width           = 85px
| motto                  = &quot;A United and Strong Africa&quot;
| anthem                 = &quot;[[Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html |title=African Union anthem, etc |publisher=Africamasterweb.com |access-date=26 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915041714/http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html | archive-date=15 September 2015 | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{center|}}{{Align|center| |style=margin-top:0em}}
| image_map              = Map of the African Union with Suspended States.svg
| alt_map                = An [[Orthographic projection (cartography)|orthographic projection]] of [[Earth|the world]], highlighting the African Union and its member states (green).
| map_width              = 220px
| map_caption            = {{legend2|#2A5C2B|Member states}}&lt;br /&gt;{{legend2|#00D500|Suspended states}}
| org_type               = [[Continental union]]
| membership_type        = Membership
| membership             = {{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
 |title = [[Member states of the African Union|55 member states]]
|{{flag|Algeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Angola|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Benin|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Botswana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Burkina Faso|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp|Suspended}}
|{{flag|Burundi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cameroon|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cape Verde|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Central African Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Chad|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Comoros|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Djibouti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Egypt|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eritrea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eswatini|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ethiopia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Gabon|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Gambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ghana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Guinea|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ivory Coast|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kenya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Lesotho|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Liberia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Libya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Madagascar|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Malawi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mali|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Mauritania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mauritius|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Morocco|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mozambique|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Namibia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Niger|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Nigeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Rwanda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sahrawi Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Senegal|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Seychelles|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sierra Leone|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Somalia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Africa|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Sudan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sudan|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Tanzania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Togo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Tunisia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Uganda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zimbabwe|size=23px}}
}}
{{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
|title = 9 observer states
|{{flag|Haiti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kazakhstan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Latvia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mexico|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Palestine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Serbia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Turkey|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ukraine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates|size=23px}}
}}
| admin_center_type      = Political centres
| admin_center           = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Addis Ababa]]&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;}} |{{nowrap|[[Johannesburg]]&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;}}}}
| largest_settlement_type = urban agglomerations
| largest_city           = 
| largest_settlement     = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Cairo]]}} |{{nowrap|[[Lagos]]}}}}
| languages_type         = Official languages
| languages              = {{hlist | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] | [[English language|English]] | [[French language|French]] | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]]  | [[Swahili language|Swahili]] | and any other [[Languages of Africa|African language]]&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;}}
| demonym                = African
| leader_title1          = [[Chairperson of the African Union|Chairperson]]
| leader_name1           = [[João Lourenço]]
| leader_title2          = [[Chairperson of the African Union Commission|Commission Chairperson]]
| leader_name2           = [[Mahamoud Ali Youssouf]]
| leader_title3          = [[Pan-African Parliament#Presidents of the Pan-African Parliament|Parliamentary President]]
| leader_name3           = [[Fortune Z. Charumbira]]
| legislature            = [[Pan-African Parliament]]
| established_event1     = [[Organisation of African Unity|OAU Charter]]
| established_date1      = 25 May 1963
| established_event2     = [[Abuja Treaty]]
| established_date2      = 3 June 1991
| established_event3     = [[Sirte Declaration]]
| established_date3      = 9 September 1999
| established_event4     = African Union founded
| established_date4      = {{start date and age|2002|07|09}}
| established_event5     = [[History of South Sudan|Admission of]] [[South Sudan]]
| established_date5      = 9 July 2011
| established_event6     = [[Member states of the African Union|Admission of]] [[Morocco]]
| established_date6      = 31 January 2017
| established_event7     = [[African Continental Free Trade Area]] (AfCFTA)
| established_date7      = 1 January 2021
| area_km2               = 29,922,059&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2016&quot;&gt;Corresponds to the terrestrial surface. Including the [[Exclusive Economic Zones]] of each member state, the total area is 43 434 569&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 1,494,988,668{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $8.990 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO/WEOWORLD/IDN/AFQ.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668%2C672%2C612%2C614%2C674%2C676%2C678%2C682%2C684%2C638%2C686%2C688%2C616%2C728%2C748%2C618%2C624%2C692%2C694%2C622%2C626%2C628%2C632%2C636%2C634%2C662%2C611%2C714%2C716%2C469%2C722%2C642%2C643%2C718%2C724%2C734%2C644%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C652%2C732%2C656%2C654%2C738%2C742%2C744%2C746%2C664%2C754%2C666%2C698&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |access-date=8 February 2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714135232/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668,672,612,614,674,676,678,682,684,638,686,688,616,728,748,618,624,692,694,622,626,628,632,636,634,662,611,714,716,469,722,642,643,718,724,734,644,726,646,199,648,733,652,732,656,654,738,742,744,746,664,754,666,698&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,LP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion|Excluding Western Sahara due to lack of data}}
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2024
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $6,330&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal            = {{decrease}} $2.81 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion}}
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2024
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{decrease}} $1,960&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.577
| HDI_year               = 2020
| cctld                  = [[.africa]]
| footnotes              = {{unbulleted list |&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[African Union Commission]]. |&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[Pan-African Parliament]].}}
| official_website       = {{URL|https://au.int}}
| area_rank              = 
| today                  = 
}}

'''African Union''' ('''AU''') nyɛla tiŋgbani bɔbugu laɣingu zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu&lt;ref name=&quot;UIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100033436 |url-access= |title=African Union (AU) |author1=Staff writer |year=2025 |department=UIA Global Civil Society Database |website=uia.org |publisher=[[Union of International Associations]] |agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online |location=Brussels, Belgium |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date=8 January 2025 |via= |quote= |trans-quote= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Member States AU-UN |url=https://www.africanunion-un.org/memberstates |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka nyɛ din be [[Africa]]. AU nyɛla bɛ ni daa niŋ shɛli laɣngu Sirte Declaration din be Sirte, Libya Silimiin goli September yuuni 1999, ka bɛ niya daa nyɛ bɛ kpa African Union. Bɛ daa piligi li Silimiin goli July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002  Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_&amp;_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union,%209%20July%202002.htm |title=Launch of the African Union, 9 July 2002: Address by the chairperson of the AU, President Thabo Mbeki |first=Thabo |last=Mbeki |date=9 July 2002 |publisher=africa-union.org |location=ABSA Stadium, Durban, South Africa |access-date=8 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503210549/http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_%26_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union%2C%209%20July%202002.htm |archive-date=3 May 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ daa mali lala niya ni AU nyɛla di ni tooi zani Organisation of African Unity (OAU) zani, di nyɛla bɛ ni daa kpa shɛli Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1963 ka di ni daa piligi shɛli nyɛ Addis Ababa, gomnantinima pihita ni ayi nyɛ ban daa dihi bɛ nuhi gbana zuɣu zaŋ n-ti li; OAU ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa kari shɛli Silimiin goli  July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002 Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;/&gt; 

African Union ŋɔ nyɛla din mali salo ban kalinli gari 1.3 &quot;billion&quot; ka di tiŋgbani galisim paai kamani  {{convert|30|e6km2|e6sqmi|sigfig=2|abbr=unit}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Manboah-Rockson |first1=Joseph |title=Politics &amp; the Struggle for Democracy in Ghana: An Introduction to Political Science |date=23 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Balli shɛŋa din be di ni nyɛ  [[Arabic]], [[English language|English]], French, Portuguese, Spanish, n-ti pahi [[Swahili language|Swahili]].&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://au.int/en/about/languages |title=AU Languages |access-date=2 May 2021 |publisher=African Union |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407001442/https://au.int/en/about/languages |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

[[G20]] (Group of 20) laɣingu din daa niŋ [[New Delhi]], [[India]] yuuni 2023, African Union nyɛla ban daa kpɛ G20.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=September 9, 2023 |title=African Union made permanent member of G20 at Delhi summit |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/09/african-union-made-permanent-member-of-g20-at-delhi-summit |access-date=December 12, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Overview ==
African Union niyanima n-nyɛ:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Constitutive Act|url=https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415235637/https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|archive-date=15 April 2020|access-date=2 May 2021|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;

# Di ʒi nangbanyini din mali yaa na, taba laɣimbu ni Africa tinsi mini [[Africa|African]] tingbana taba puu biɛri taba zuɣu.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi maŋsulinsi, tiŋgbana taba shebu ni tiŋgbani din kam be din ni maŋsulinsi.
# Ni di kpaŋsi siyaasa mini biɛhigu-daabiligu laɣimbu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋgbana taba sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 November 2024|title=Evolution of Geopolitical Dynamics in Africa|url=https://www.guambia.com.uy/67/evolution-of-geopolitical-dynamics-in-africa/2312/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=Guambia}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The New Power Play in Africa: Russia, China, and the Shifting Sands of Influence|url=https://kcsgroup.com/the-new-power-play-in-africa-russia-china-and-the-shifting-sands-of-influence/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=KCS Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ni di kpaŋsi ka gu ka taɣi [[Africa|African]] zaashee zaŋ chaŋ bɛ suhuyurilim polo di tiŋgbani yaɣa mini di niriba sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi daabiligu tiŋgban sunsuuni, ka mali [[Charter of the United Nations]] mini [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] tumdi tuma.
# Ni di kpaŋsi suhudoo, niriba gubu, ni tiŋgbani yaɣa zanibu chibi.
# Ni di kmpaŋsi maŋsulinsi zalisi, ni gɔmnanti tali din niŋ dede.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi ninsalinima mini niriba fukumsi din be [[African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights]] ni mini &quot;[[International human rights instruments|human rights instruments]]&quot; yaɣa din niŋ talahi.
# Ni di zali zalisi din kpa talahi ka che ka tiŋgbani yaɣa maa tumdi di tuma dunia daabiligu ni ni shaawara gbaabu tiŋgbana sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim din nyɛ soha-biɛɣuni dini zaŋti daabiligu,biɛhigu ni kaya ni taɣada biɛhigu ni Africa daabiligu yaɣa zaŋ laɣim taba.
# Ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ninsalisili yaɣa kam n duhi biɛri suŋ Africanima sunsuuni.
# To coordinate and harmonise the policies between the existing and future [[Regional Economic Communities]] for the gradual attainment of the objectives of the Union.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim tiŋgbana yaɣa maa ni din dalim vihigu niŋbu, di bahi bahindi tabiibi mini tabiibi zaŋ tum tuma.
# Ni di mini tiŋgbana laɣim tum n-kpihim dɔriti din mali taɣibu mini alaafee kpaŋsibu tiŋgbana ni.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm Africa-union.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604051527/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm|date=4 June 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
{{Main|History of the African Union|History of Africa}}

African Union taarihi pilila &quot;'''First Congress of Independent African States&quot;''', din daa niŋ [[Accra]], [[Ghana]] bini din gbaai Anashaara goli April biɛɣu pinaanu zaŋ chaŋ biɛɣu pishinaayi yuuni 1958. Laɣingu maa niya daa nyɛla di kpa [[Africa Day]], n-ti tabili [[Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU), din daa kpa Anashaara goli May biɛɣu pishinaanu yuuni 1963, ni [[African Economic Community]] yuuni 1991.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210205406/http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may|date=10 December 2018}} South African History Online (SAHO), 15 May 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ansarisi maaniba daa ŋme nangbankpeeni ni OAU ka nuu timbu shɛli ninsalilnima fukumsi ni .&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2115736&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Reynolds|first=Paul|date=8 July 2002|title=African Union replaces dictators' club|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601025542/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|archive-date=1 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tɛha din tahi AU kpabu na nyɛla din daa labi niŋ nyɛvuli 1990s sunsuuni Libyan tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Muammar al-Gaddafi]] saha;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Adebajo|first=Adekeye|date=2011-08-26|title=Gaddafi: the man who would be king of Africa|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011605/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Guardian|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbana zuɣulana mini kpɛma zaŋti OAU daa yina ni [[Sirte Declaration]] (bɛ ni daa zaŋ Sirte, Libya yuli boli shɛli) Anashaara goli September dabaa awɔi yuuni 1999, ka daa ŋmeri kuŋ bɔri African Union nambu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-12-05|title=The African Union After Gaddafi|url=http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410172928/http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|archive-date=10 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 10, 2001|title=African leaders elect OAU boss|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414032647/https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-08-27|title=New Partnership for Africa's Development – NEPAD {{!}} Poverty Eradication|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419153619/https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html|archive-date=19 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=www.un.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

African Union suuna daa niŋla [[Durban]] Anashaara goli July dabaa awɔi yuuni 2002 ni di tuuli ʒia kuɣulana, South Africa tiŋgbani zuɣulana kuro [[Thabo Mbeki]], Assembly of the African Union tuuli yaɣili ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-11-18|title=The African Union is launched|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416010303/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|archive-date=16 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=Africa Renewal|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Assembly yaɣili din pahiri ayi daa niŋla [[Maputo]] yuuni 2003 ka din pahiri ata daa niŋ [[Addis Ababa]] Anashaara goli July dabaa ayɔbu yuuni 2004.

Tum yuuni 2010, African Union daa mali niya ni di kpa &quot;African [[space agency]]&quot; laɣim taba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=5 September 2010|title=Africa prepares to join the big boys in the space race|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116213335/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|archive-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=6 September 2012|title=Sudanese president calls for African space agency|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102203403/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|archive-date=2 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=11 September 2012|title=Africa eyes joint space agency|url=http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021070210/http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|archive-date=21 October 2013|access-date=21 October 2013|publisher=Phys.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Ezigbo|first1=Onyebuchi|last2=Okpara|first2=Lois|date=9 August 2010|title=AU to Establish African Space Agency|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212084442/http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|archive-date=12 February 2014|access-date=11 December 2015|publisher=All Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Barack Obama]] n daa nyɛ tuuli United States tiŋgbani zuɣulana ŋun ʒi gbana ni ka di alizama African Union ni Addis Ababa Anashaara goli July biɛɣu pihita yini ka dali yuuni 2015. O daa alizama dibu ni, o daa kpaŋsiya ni dunisnims laɣindi niŋdi daabiligu ka tabiri sɔŋdi shikuru baŋsim tooni chandi ni, ni lɛbiginsim mini dahi yɛligibu. Amaa, o daa lahi galim suhuyurilim ni ka tiŋgbani shɛŋa ni mini gɔmnantinima ban zaɣisi sheebu ni, ban bi galisi gaŋbu (n-ti tabili ninuɣ'shɛba ban be [[LGBT]] ni, adiininima mini laɣinsi zuliyanima ni) ni kɔriŋ fahili.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Carol E.|date=28 July 2015|title=Obama Becomes First U.S. President to Address African Union|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|url-status=live|access-date=29 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729094216/http://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|archive-date=29 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 July 2015|title=Remarks by President Obama to the People of Africa|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120220442/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|archive-date=20 January 2017|access-date=29 July 2015|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|via=[[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Treaties ===
{{AU evolution timeline}}

== Siyaasa ==

:
; Financial institutions

* [[African Central Bank]] – [[Abuja]], Nigeria
* [[African Investment Bank]] – [[Tripoli, Libya]]
* [[African Monetary Fund]] – [[Yaoundé]], Cameroon

Lala tuma duri ŋɔ na bi kpa; amaa, komitiinima ban be di kpabu ni nyɛla bɛ ni piigi shɛba. Lal n-nyɛli,  AU malila niya ni di diri laɣ'yini ([[Afro (currency)|Afro]]).

; Alaafee
: [[Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention]] (Africa CDC), daa kpala yuuni 2016 ka di suuna niŋ yuuni 2017. Di tuma du'zuɣuri be la Addis Ababa Ethiopia.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int-2017-01-31&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-01-31|title=Africa CDC Official Launch|url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630023917/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-date=30 June 2018|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb.int-2017-02-02&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-02-02|title=The African Union launches Africa CDC, a Continent-wide Public Health Agency|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180037/https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|work=[[Reliefweb]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc.gov-2017-07-27&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-07-27|title=Africa CDC: Improving Disease Detection and Emergency Response on the African Continent|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180936/https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Inspection visit to Africa CDC Headquarters building site|url=https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205114846/https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|archive-date=5 February 2022|access-date=2022-02-05|website=Africa CDC|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; Ninsalinima fukumsi
: [[African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights]], nyɛla din beni tum yuuni 1986, di be la [[African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights]] fukumsi ni (African Charter) amaa ka ni Constitutive Act of the African Union.
; Polo
: [[African Space Agency]] nyɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2023. Di tuma du'zuɣu be la Cairo.
; Yaa
: [[African Energy Commission]] daa nYɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2008, ka be Algiers.

=== Tiŋgbana din be din ni ===
{{Main|Member states of the African Union}}

[[Member states of the United Nations|UN member states]] din be Africa mini African islands zaa bela AU, ka nyɛ yaɣ'shɛli din tabi [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] (SADR). [[Morocco]] daa yila Organisation of African Unity ni yuuni 1984 ka di nyɛla SADR sulinsi ni ka di daa be, ka di tiŋgbani yaɣili [[Western Sahara]] daa zaŋli kpehi di maŋsulinsi ni.  AU daa lahi labi deei li Anashaara goli January biɛɣu pihita yuuni 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;worldbulletin&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=30 January 2017|title=Morocco rejoins African Union|publisher=Worldbulletin|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|url-status=usurped|access-date=31 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720013737/http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|archive-date=20 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Somaliland]], din nyɛ [[Somalia]] ni deei shɛli, daa sabi gbaŋ ti ni di kpe AU yuuni 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nelson&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Nelson, Elizabeth A.|title=Regional Politics and State Secession|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|year=2021|isbn=978-1-83910-377-3|pages=105}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mali nyɛla bɛ nin daa naa yihi shɛba African Union ni saha biɛla sunsuuni Anashaara goli 19 August 2020 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu niŋ naai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=African Union suspends Mali following coup|work=Agence France-Presse, Reuters|publisher=Deutsche Welle|url=https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913003040/https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|archive-date=13 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anashaara goli 9 October lala yuuni ŋɔ yaha, [[Peace and Security Council]] zaŋti African Union daa paai lala yihibu fukumsi ŋɔ Mali zuɣi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union lifts Mali's suspension imposed in the wake of coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009202811/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|archive-date=9 October 2020|access-date=2020-10-09|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Bɛ daa lahi labi zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa tiŋgbani maa zuɣu Anashaara goli June dahin yini dali yuuni 2021, di sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu ni daa lahi niŋ chira awɔi sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2 June 2021|title=African Union announces 'immediate suspension' of Mali after second coup|work=France 24, Reuters, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912141924/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lala fukumsi ŋɔ daa pani Guinea gba zuɣu African Union ni ANashaara goli September biɛɣu pia dali yuuni 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Alpha Condé]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=10 September 2021|title=African Union suspends Guinea after coup, as envoys arrive for talks|work=France 24, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912022912/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sudan gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pani shɛli zuɣu Anashaara goli 27 October 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmananti shee tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Abdalla Hamdok]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union suspends Sudan over coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027130242/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|archive-date=27 October 2021|access-date=2021-10-27|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Burkina Faso gba nyɛla lala fukumsi ŋɔ ni daa pani shɛli zuɣu African Union ni bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu Anashaara goli 31 January 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AU suspends Burkina Faso after coup as envoys head for talks|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062926/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|archive-date=23 December 2022|access-date=2022-01-31|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nige gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛba zuɣu Anashaara goli 22 August 2023 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣula [[Mohamed Bazoum]]; tum din saha ka [[2023 Nigerien crisis]] pili.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2023-08-22|title=African Union suspends participation of Niger following coup|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|url-status=live|access-date=2023-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906024202/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|archive-date=6 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gabon gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛli zuɣu 31 August 2023 bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmananti sheei [[Ali Bongo Ondimba]] nyaaŋa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Newspaper|first=The Peninsula|date=2023-08-31|title=African Union says to 'immediately suspend' Gabon after coup|url=https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902185942/http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|archive-date=2 September 2023|access-date=2023-08-31|website=thepeninsulaqatar.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{TOC limit|3}}


== Members ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{DZA}}
* {{AGO}}
* {{BEN}}
* {{BWA}}
* {{BFA}} (suspended)
* {{BDI}}
* {{CMR}}
* {{CPV}}
* {{CAF}}
* {{TCD}}
* {{COM}}
* {{COD}}
* {{COG}}
* {{DJI}}
* {{EGY}}
* {{GNQ}}
* {{ERI}}
* {{SWZ}}
* {{ETH}}
* {{GAB}}
* {{GMB}}
* {{GHA}}
* {{GIN}} (suspended)
* {{GNB}}
* {{CIV}}
* {{KEN}}
* {{LSO}}
* {{LBR}}
* {{LBY}}
* {{MDG}}
* {{MWI}}
* {{MLI}} (suspended)
* {{MRT}}
* {{MUS}}
* {{MAR}}
* {{MOZ}}
* {{NAM}}
* {{NER}} (suspended)
* {{NGA}}
* {{RWA}}
* {{SADR}}
* {{STP}}
* {{SEN}}
* {{SYC}}
* {{SLE}}
* {{SOM}}
* {{ZAF}}
* {{SSD}}
* {{SDN}} (suspended)
* {{TZA}}
* {{TGO}}
* {{TUN}}
* {{UGA}}
* {{ZMB}}
* {{ZWE}}
{{div col end}}

==== Observers ====
* {{HAI}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Haiti Will Not Join the African Union |url=https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |website=Haiti Hub |access-date=22 June 2023 |date=22 May 2016 |archive-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622142803/https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ISR}} (suspended as of February 2023)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|title=African Union says Israel's observer status suspended|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908195006/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |author=((i24NEWS)) |date=2022-02-06 |title=Israel dispute erupts at African Union summit |language=en |work=Ynetnews |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |access-date=2022-02-06 |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151241/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{KAZ}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstan's Observer status at the African Union: What Does It Mean for Africa? |url=https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=www.igd.org.za |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327081029/https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{LAT}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-01-11|url=http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|title=Latvia becomes observer to African Union|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia]]|website=www.mfa.gov.lv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918030201/http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|archive-date=18 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{MEX}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-06-18 |title=Chairperson Receives the Credentials of the First Permanent Observer of Mexico to the African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |website=au.int |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901115222/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|Palestine}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-05-27 |title=AU grants Palestine observer status |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |publisher=[[Egypt Independent]] |first=Fathya |last=el-Dakhakhni |website=egyptindependent.com |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=29 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229042151/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{SRB}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 January 2014|language=sr-latn|title=Mrkić na samitu u Adis Abebi|url=https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|website=b92.net|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=16 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071458/https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{TUR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-11 |title=What's driving Turkey's commercial &amp; military relations with Africa? |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en-US |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151227/https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{UKR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-06-22 |title=Ukraine has obtained the observer status in the African Union |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] |website=mfa.gov.ua |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071456/https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ARE}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chairperson Receives Credentials of the Permanent Observer of the United Arab Emirates. {{!}} African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=au.int |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151252/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== African Union tuma ====
{{Supranational African Bodies|align=right|size=500px}}Yuuni 1980 [[Lagos Plan of Action for the Development of Africa]] mini yuuni 1991 varisigu ni African Economic Community kpabu (bɛ ni lahi booni shɛli Abuja Treaty), daa yina ni tɛha din nyɛ [[Regional Economic Communities]] (RECs) kpabu ni niŋ binshɛli din yɛn laɣim Africa taba.&lt;ref&gt;See note on [https://web.archive.org/web/20040906140832/http://www.dfa.gov.za/docs/2003/au0815.htm The Role of the Regional Economic Communities (RECs) as the Building Blocks of the African Union] prepared by the South African Department of Foreign Affairs.&lt;/ref&gt;

Saha ŋɔ, RECs dibaa anii m-be AU. Din nima n-nyɛ:

* [[Arab Maghreb Union]] (AMU)
* [[Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa]] (COMESA)
* [[Community of Sahel-Saharan States]] (CEN-SAD)
* [[East African Community]] (EAC)
* [[Economic Community of Central African States]] (ECCAS)
* [[Economic Community of West African States]] (ECOWAS)
* [[Intergovernmental Authority on Development]] (IGAD)
* [[Southern Africa Development Community]] (SADC)&lt;ref&gt;Decision on the Protocol on Relations between the African Union and the Regional Economic Communities (RECs), Assembly/AU/Dec.166 (IX).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=President of Mauritania Elected as New Chairperson of AU|url=https://www.ena.et/web/eng/w/eng_4033947}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of chairpersons ==
{{main|Chairperson of the African Union}}
[[File:Jakaya Kikwete and Muammar al-Gaddafi, 12th AU Summit, 090202-N-0506A-678.jpg|thumb|left|[[Muammar Gaddafi]] embracing Tanzanian President [[Jakaya Kikwete|Kikwete]] after assuming the chairmanship]]
{{Clear|left}}

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-valign=top
|+Chairpersons of the African Union
|-
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Name
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Beginning of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|End of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Country
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Thabo Mbeki]]
|9 July 2002
|10 July 2003
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Joaquim Chissano]]
|10 July 2003
|6 July 2004
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Olusegun Obasanjo]]
|6 July 2004
|24 January 2006
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]]
|24 January 2006
|24 January 2007
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[John Kufuor]]
|30 January 2007
|31 January 2008
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Jakaya Kikwete]]
|31 January 2008
|2 February 2009
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Muammar al-Gaddafi]]
|2 February 2009
|31 January 2010
|{{flagdeco|Libya|1977}} [[Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|Libya]]
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Bingu wa Mutharika]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE60U05O20100131l Gaddafi fails in bid to remain African Union chair], Reuters, 31 January 2010 {{Dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20111230205627/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g8cvj3048f4WEB6UQuim80MKqhVA Malawi president takes over as AU president], AFP, 31 January 2010&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2010
|31 January 2011
|{{flag|Malawi|2010}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography According to the AU] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006153642/http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography |date=6 October 2011 }}, his official style is ''Son Excellence Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Président de la République, Chef de l'État et Président Fondateur du Parti Démocratique de Guinée Equatoriale'' {{in lang|fr}}. Retrieved 4 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2011
|29 January 2012
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Yayi Boni]]
|29 January 2012
|27 January 2013
|{{flag|Benin}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Hailemariam Desalegn]]
|27 January 2013
|30 January 2014
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz]]
|30 January 2014
|30 January 2015
|{{flag|Mauritania|1959}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Robert Mugabe]]
|30 January 2015
|30 January 2016
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Idriss Déby]]
|30 January 2016
|30 January 2017
|{{flag|Chad}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Alpha Condé]]
|30 January 2017
|28 January 2018
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Paul Kagame]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |title=President Paul Kagame, Elected as New Chairperson of the African Union for the year 2018 - African Union |website=au.int |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205134722/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|28 January 2018
|10 February 2019
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]]
|10 February 2019
|10 February 2020
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |title=South Africa takes over as AU chair: What to expect |website=aljazeera.com |access-date=12 February 2020 |archive-date=12 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212104846/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|10 February 2020
|10 February 2021
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Félix Tshisekedi]]
|10 February 2021
|5 February 2022
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Macky Sall]]
|5 February 2022
|18 February 2023
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Azali Assoumani]]
|18 February 2023
|17 February 2024
|{{flag|Comoros}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Ghazouani]]
|17 February 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|}

=== African Union summits ===
[[File:Niger, Niamey, Boulevard Mali Béro (2)(Rue IB-56).jpg|thumb|300px|left|Billboard in Niamey (Niger) announcing the 33rd AU Summit (2019)]]
{{Clear}}
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
|-
!width=155px| Session
! Host country
! Host city
! Date
! Theme
! Notes
|-
| 37th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|17 February 2024|format=d}}–{{dts|18 February 2024}}|| &quot;Educate and Skill Africa for the 21st Century&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://au.int/en/summit/37 | title=African Union &amp;#124; an Integrated, Prosperous and Peaceful Africa }}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 36th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|18 February 2023|format=d}}–{{dts|19 February 2023}}|| || 
|-
| 35th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 February 2022|format=d}}–{{dts|6 February 2022}}|| ||
|-
| 34th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|6 February 2021|format=d}}–{{dts|7 February 2021}}|| ||
|-
| 33rd&lt;ref name=development&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|title=The 33rd AU Summit kicks off with the 39th Session of the Permanent Representatives Committee &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121172202/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|9 February 2020|format=d}}–{{dts|10 February 2020}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|title=33rd AU Summit : Online accreditation for Journalists now open &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203234748/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;||&quot;Silencing the guns: creating conducive conditions for Africa's development&quot;&lt;ref name=development /&gt;||Agreement for [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]] to become operational in July 2020.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore /&gt; Agreements to reduce gender gap and inequality and to &quot;silence guns&quot; on the continent.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|title=South African President Cyril Ramaphosa elected African Union Chairperson as continent vows to 'silence the guns', boost trade and close gender gap|work=Today News Africa|access-date=2 May 2021|date=9 February 2020|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216015953/https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 12th Extraordinary Summit on [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]]&lt;ref name=extra12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705085754/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Niger}}||[[Niamey]]|| {{dts|4 July 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2019}} || &quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot; || Launch of the [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]]
|- 
| 32nd&lt;ref name=&quot;summit32&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=32nd AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/32 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806201405/https://au.int/en/summit/32 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|10 February 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|11 February 2019}}||&quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot;||
|-
| 11th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra11&gt;{{cite web |title=11th Extraordinary Summit Summary of Key Decisions |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |website=African Union |access-date=22 January 2020 |date=18 November 2018 |archive-date=22 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122180323/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 November 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|18 November 2018}}|| || Agreement reached on reorganisation AU Commission&lt;ref name=extra11 /&gt;
|-
| 31st&lt;ref name=&quot;summit31&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=31st AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/31 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708203337/https://au.int/en/summit/31 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mauritania}}||[[Nouakchott]]|| {{dts|25 June 2018|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra10&gt;{{cite web |title=10th Extraordinary Session of the Assembly on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708005309/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]]|| {{dts|17 March 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|21 March 2018}}|| &quot;Creating One African Market&quot; || Agreement reached on the AfCFTA
|-
| 30th&lt;ref name=summit30&gt;{{cite web |title=30th AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/30 |access-date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=22 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322020614/https://au.int/en/summit/30 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|29 January 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 29th&lt;ref name=summit29&gt;{{cite web |title=29th AU summit |date=5 July 2017 |url=https://au.int/en/summit/29 |access-date=15 November 2017 |archive-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116034051/https://au.int/en/summit/29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 June 2017|format=dm}} – {{dts|4 July 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; ||
|-
| 28th&lt;ref name=summit28&gt;{{cite web |title=28th AU summit |date=30 January 2017 |url=https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |access-date=31 January 2017 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202063411/https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2017|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; || Morocco rejoins the AU after 33 years
|-
| 27th&lt;ref name=summit27&gt;{{cite web |title=27th AU summit |date=July 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=7 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007033940/http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]] || {{dts|10 July 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|18 July 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot; || Launch of [[African Union Passport]]
|-
| 26th&lt;ref name=summit26&gt;{{cite web |title=26th AU summit |date=January 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/26 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=29 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929114302/http://au.int/en/summit/26 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot;||
|-
| [[Third India-Africa Forum Summit]] || {{flag|India}} || [[New Delhi]] || {{dts|26 October 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|29 October 2015}} || &quot;Reinvigorated Partnership—Shared Vision&quot; ||
|-
| 25th&lt;ref name=summit25&gt;{{cite web |title=25th AU summit |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002150945/http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=25th African Union Summit in Johannesburg – African Union Commission media information |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215016/http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Johannesburg]] || {{dts|7 June 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|15 June 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; || Featured Angelina Jolie&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=A Call for Global Support in Ending Women's Violence Done by Angelina Jolie |publisher=Newwatch NGR |url=http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |website=newswatchngr.com |date=February 2016 |access-date=23 February 2016 |archive-date=23 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223171129/http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 24th&lt;ref name=summit24&gt;{{cite web |title=24th AU summit |date=January 2015 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624103215/http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-date=24 June 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–Turkey Summit|| {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|19 November 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|21 November 2014}}|| &quot;A New Model of Partnership to Enhance a Sustainable Development and Integration of Africa&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Second Turkey-Africa Partnership Summit |date=November 2014 |url=http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225225133/http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Africa Turkey 2014 |date=November 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095901/http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 23rd&lt;ref name=summit23&gt;{{cite web |title=23rd AU summit |date=June 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709071223/http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-date=9 July 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|20 June 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|27 June 2014}}|| &quot;Year of Agriculture and food security&quot; ||
|-
| 22nd&lt;ref name=summit22&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd AU summit |date=January 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214161520/http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-date=14 February 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd Ordinary Session of the Summit of the African Union |date=January 2014 |url=http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214002039/http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-date=14 February 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2014}}|| &quot;Year Agriculture and food security, Marking 10th Anniversary of the Adoption of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP)&quot; ||
|-
| Extraordinary Summit on the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&lt;ref name=summiticc&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Extraordinary Summit on ICC |date=October 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220184942/http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-date=20 December 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]
| {{dts|11 October 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|12 October 2013}}|| &quot;Africa's Relationship with the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&quot; || This was in regards to the ICC's non-adherence to AU calls to drop certain charges against sitting leaders and claims that it was disproportionally targeting Africans.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |title=Kenya pushing for African split from International Criminal Court |newspaper=[[Irish Times]] |access-date=30 January 2014 |archive-date=28 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928170024/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 21st&lt;ref name=summit21&gt;{{cite web |title=21st AU summit |date=May 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701003301/http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-date=1 July 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|19 May 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|27 May 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; || 50th Anniversary of the Establishment of the [[Organisation of African Unity]]
|-
| 20th&lt;ref name=summit20&gt;{{cite web |title=20th AU summit |date=January 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509094507/http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-date=9 May 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 January 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|28 January 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; ||
|-
| Diaspora Summit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Global Africa Diaspora Summit |date=May 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916162142/http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-date=16 September 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Sandton, South Africa|Sandton]] || {{dts|23 May 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2012}}|| &quot;Towards the Realisation of a United and Integrated Africa and Its Diaspora&quot; ||
|-
| 19th&lt;ref name=summit19&gt;{{cite web |title=19th African Union (AU) Summit to be held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |date=June 2012 |url=http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002164755/http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|9 July 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|16 July 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| 18th&lt;ref name=summit18&gt;{{cite web |title=18th AU summit |date=January 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614120243/http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-date=14 June 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| [[17th Ordinary African Union Summit|17th]]&lt;ref name=summit17&gt;{{cite web |title=17th AU summit |date=June 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095847/http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{nowrap|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|23 June 2011|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2011}}|| &quot;Youth Empowerment for Sustainable Development&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–India Summit || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|20 May 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2011}}|| &quot;Enhancing partnership: shared vision&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=2nd Africa-India Forum Summit |date=May 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331174105/http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia |archive-date=31 March 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 16th&lt;ref name=summit16&gt;{{cite web |title=16th African Union summit |date=January 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090533/http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|24 January 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2011}}|| &quot;Towards Greater Unity and Integration through Shared Values&quot; ||
|-
| 15th&lt;ref name=summit15&gt;{{cite web |title=15th African Union summit |date=July 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909081209/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-date=9 September 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Uganda}}||[[Kampala]] || {{dts|19 July 2010|format=d}}–{{dts|27 July 2010}}|| &quot;Maternal, Infant, and Child Health and Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 14th&lt;ref name=summit14&gt;{{cite web |title=14th African Union summit |date=January 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122225/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2010|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2010}}|| &quot;Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Africa: Challenges and Prospects for Development&quot; ||
|-
| 13th&lt;ref name=summit13&gt;{{cite web |title=13th African Union summit |date=July 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040008/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|24 June 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 July 2009}}|| &quot;Investing in Agriculture for Economic Growth and Food Security&quot; ||
|-
| 12th&lt;ref name=summit12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th African Union summit |date=January 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040018/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|26 January 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 February 2009}}|| &quot;Infrastructure Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 11th&lt;ref name=summit11&gt;{{cite web |title=The 11th AU summit |date=July 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122200/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Egypt}}||[[Sharm el-Sheikh]] || {{dts|24 June 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2008}}|| &quot;Meeting the Millennium Development Goals on Water and Sanitation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th&lt;ref name=summit10&gt;{{cite web |title=The 10th African Union summit |date=January 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102035957/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2008}}|| &quot;Industrial Development of Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 9th&lt;ref name=summit9&gt;{{cite web |title=9th African Union summit |date=July 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040001/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ghana}}||[[Accra]] || {{dts|25 June 2007|format=dm}} – {{dts|6 July 2007}}|| &quot;Grand Debate on the Union Government&quot; ||
|-
| 8th&lt;ref name=summit8&gt;{{cite web |title=8th African Union summit |date=January 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806145357/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2007|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2007}}|| 1. &quot;Science, Technology and Scientific Research for Development&quot; &lt;br /&gt;2. &quot;Climate Change in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 7th&lt;ref name=summit7&gt;{{cite web |title=7th African Union summit |date=July 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806144655/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Gambia}}||[[Banjul]] || {{dts|25 June 2006|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2006}}|| &quot;Rationalisation of Recs and Regional Integration&quot; ||
|-
| 6th&lt;ref name=summit6&gt;{{cite web |title=6th African Union summit |date=January 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214191451/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-date=14 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Sudan}}||[[Khartoum]] || {{dts|16 January 2006|format=d}}–{{dts|24 January 2006}}|| &quot;Education and Culture&quot; ||
|-
| 5th&lt;ref name=summit5&gt;{{cite web |title=5th African Union summit |date=June 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224163231/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-date=24 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|28 June 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|29 June 2005}}|| ||
|-
| Extraordinary summit on UN Reform&lt;ref name=summitlist&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Summit |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215221812/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-date=15 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|4 August 2005}} || ||
|-
| 4th&lt;ref name=summit4&gt;{{cite web |title=4th African Union summit |date=January 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315081032/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-date=15 March 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Nigeria}}||[[Abuja]] || {{dts|24 January 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2005}}|| ||
|-
| 3rd&lt;ref name=summit3&gt;{{cite web |title=3rd African Union summit |date=July 2004 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207061226/http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-date=7 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|6 July 2004|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2004}}|| ||
|-
| 2nd&lt;ref name=summit2&gt;{{cite web |title=African Union Summit Maputo Mozambique |date=July 2003 |url=http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708083551/http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mozambique}}||[[Maputo]] || {{dts|2 July 2003|format=d}}–{{dts|12 July 2003}}|| ||
|-
| 1st&lt;ref name=summit1&gt;{{cite web |title=OAU/AU summit |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022142733/http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |archive-date=22 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Durban, South Africa|Durban]] || {{dts|28 June 2002}} – {{dts|10 July 2002}}|| &quot;Peace, Development and Prosperity: The African Century&quot; || Notable events include the launch of the African Union.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=1st AU summit: Documents and Speeches |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001222437/http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html| archive-date=1 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}


==== Africa–Caribbean relations ====
{{See also|Group of 77|Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States}}
[[Caribbean]] tiŋgbana pam nyɛla din kpuɣi niya ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ni [[Africa]] tiŋgbana. African Union lihirila Caribbean ka di nyɛ yaɣili din ni tooi pahi buyɔbu  &quot;Sixth Region&quot; tiŋgbana yaɣa din laɣim taba maa puuni.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/ African Union 6th Region Diaspora Headquarters to be established in Accompong, Jamaica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311035309/https://thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/|date=11 March 2023}}, 24 January 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;Caribbean tiŋgbani shɛŋa nyɛla Africa din yihi di maŋ pahi tuma yaɣa ni, n-ti tabili [[Barbados]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Lorna|title=Barbados inks MOU with African Export-Import Bank|url=https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717182615/https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|archive-date=17 July 2022|access-date=17 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[the Bahamas]] ni [[Guyana]], din zaa pahi [[African Export–Import Bank]] ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 December 2022|title=Barbados Parliament ratifies Partnership Agreement with Afreximbank, as Guyanaand Bahamas join CARICOM signatories|url=https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323124813/https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|archive-date=23 March 2023|access-date=10 September 2023|website=African Export-Import Bank}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaha, [[Caribbean Development Bank]] dihila laɣim tum gbana ni n-ti [[African Development Bank]] (AfDB).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/ AfDB, CDB move to deepen Africa, Caribbean cooperation, sign MoU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625194438/https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/|date=25 June 2022}}, June 18, 2022&lt;/ref&gt; [[Antigua and Barbuda]] gba niŋ zaɣa ni Africa mini Caribbean.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-01-09|title=Antigua Airways is airborne and ready to become the &quot;pride of the Caribbean&quot;|url=https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423231330/https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua News Room|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=jennelsa.johnson|date=2023-04-17|title=Government has not given up on Antigua Airways as company seeks to make comeback|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424072842/https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amaa, din nyɛla din ʒi yɛli muɣisira na tiŋgbana loobu ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-28|title=3 dead, 13 missing in Caribbean sinking; 14 Africans saved|url=https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531093832/https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|archive-date=31 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=AP NEWS|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-29|title=Tragedy at sea: Boat carrying African migrants from Antigua capsizes near St Kitts|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520064903/https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|archive-date=20 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-31|title=Fury as gov't says it bears no responsibility for migrant boat tragedy|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419124847/https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|archive-date=19 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Less than 600 West African migrants remain in Antigua {{!}} Loop Caribbean News|url=https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910051756/https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|archive-date=10 September 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Loop News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-07|title=The migrants stranded on an island they had not heard of|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822235248/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|archive-date=22 August 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=BBC News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-02-11|title=Antigua Government says no automatic citizenship for stranded Africans|url=https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423182748/https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=CNW Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{main|Africa–China relations}}

==== Africa–China relations ====
Yaɣ'yini din daabiligu be tooni [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC). [[Forum on China–Africa Cooperation]] nyɛla daabiligu balibu noiŋbu Africa tiŋgbana ni mini China.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|pages=56|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tum FOCAC zaŋ gɔhi taba ni yuuni 2012, African Union gab nyɛla din tim nuu ni tabi-sɔŋ ni, amaa  Africantingbana din be FOCAC na kuli nyɛla din zani ti di maŋa sahakam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|page=57|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Africa–EU relations ====
Zaŋ jendi European Commission polo, European Union's biɛhigu ni Africa nyɛla din kpa talahi. Tooni ha Africa-EU laɣim tum niya ni European Commission mini European External Action Service nyɛla din kahigi Joint Communication ni &quot;Towards a Comprehensive Strategy with Africa&quot;. Di buɣisila laɣim tum ni:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|date=2020-11-03|title=Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085246/https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=International Partnerships - European Commission|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 52020JC0004 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516184133/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|archive-date=16 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=eur-lex.europa.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Green Transition and Energy Access
* Digital Transformation
* Sustainable Growth and Jobs&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mobilising Investments for African structural sustainable transformation {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513082259/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|archive-date=13 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Strengthening Resilience, Peace, Security and Governance {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085847/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Peace, Security and Governance&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot; /&gt;
* Migration and Mobility&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Migration and mobility {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085848/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Lahabali_kɔligu:Eritrea_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg|thumb|[[South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011]]]]
In response to the ongoing [[Darfur conflict]] in Sudan, the AU has deployed 7,000 peacekeepers, many from Rwanda and Nigeria, to [[Darfur]]. While a donor's conference in Addis Ababa in 2005 helped raise funds to sustain the peacekeepers through that year and into 2006, in July 2006 the AU said it would pull out at the end of September when its mandate expires.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=28 June 2006|title=AU Darfur mission 'to end soon'|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826204932/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|archive-date=26 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Critics of the AU peacekeepers, including [[Eric Reeves]], have said these forces are largely ineffective due to lack of funds, personnel, and expertise. Monitoring a large area has made it even more difficult to sustain an effective mission. In June 2006, the [[United States Congress]] appropriated US$173&amp;nbsp;million for the AU force. Some, such as the [[Genocide Intervention Network]], have called for UN or [[NATO]] intervention to augment and/or replace the AU peacekeepers. The UN has considered deploying a force, though it would not likely enter the country until at least October 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Security Council Authorises Deployment of United Nations-African Union 'Hybrid' Peace Operation in Bid To Resolve Darfur Conflict|url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc9089.doc.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815184454/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/sc9089.doc.htm|archive-date=15 August 2007|access-date=26 November 2012|publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; The under-funded and badly equipped AU mission was set to expire on 31 December 2006 but was extended to 30 June 2007 and merged with the [[United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur]] in October 2007. In July 2009 the African Union ceased cooperation with the [[International Criminal Court]], refusing to recognise the international arrest warrant it had issued against Sudan's leader, [[Omar al-Bashir]], who was indicted in 2008 for [[War crime|war crimes]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=5 July 2009|title=African move on Bashir dismissed|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225224733/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The AU struggled to have a strategic role in the independence talks and the reconciliation process of [[South Sudan]], due to overwhelming interests of African and non-African powers, its influence is still limited and not consistent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Sulaiman|first=Abubkar o.|author2=Agoha, Ifeanyi Chuckwu|date=1 October 2013|title=South Sudan Negotiated Independence: A Critique of African Union's Role|journal=European Journal of Sustainable Development|volume=2|issue=3|pages=145–154|bibcode=2013EJSD....2..145S|doi=10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n3p145|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Clear}}

== Economy ==
{{main|Economy of the African Union}}

[[African Continental Free Trade Area|African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)]] nyɛla bɛ ni daa piligi shɛli ni tiŋgbana pihinu ni anahi tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu maa puuni ka di daabilim nyɛ din daa piligi Silimiin goli January dahin yini yuuni 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shendruk|first=Amanda|date=2020-12-31|title=The world's largest free trade area starts up on Jan. 1, 2021|url=https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|access-date=2021-01-04|website=Quartz|language=en|archive-date=4 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104075017/https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[African Export–Import Bank]], nyɛla din yɛn tabi sɔŋ ka bɛ piligi [[Pan-African Payment and Settlement System]]..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |title=Profile: African Union |date=1 July 2006 |access-date=10 July 2006 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060712034155/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |archive-date=12 July 2006 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Clear}}
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]]
(km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|title=The World Bank DataBank {{!}} Explore. Create. Share|website=databank.worldbank.org|access-date=4 February 2017|archive-date=7 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107162640/http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[List of countries by population|Population]]
{{UN_Population|Year}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |title=2015 Human Development Report |last=Office |first=Human Development Report |website=report.hdr.undp.org |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211223435/http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016 |title=The Fragile States Index 2016 {{!}} The Fund for Peace|website=fsi.fundforpeace.org|access-date=12 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204213240/http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016|archive-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2016 |last=e.V. |first=Transparency International |newspaper=transparency.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=30 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170130045244/http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/index/ |title=Index of Economic Freedom: Promoting Economic Opportunity and Prosperity by Country |website=www.heritage.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=29 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629215405/http://www.heritage.org/index/ |url-status=unfit }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016 |title=Vision of Humanity |website=static.visionofhumanity.org |access-date=12 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213091208/http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016|archive-date=13 February 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Press Freedom Index|WPFI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://rsf.org/en/ranking|title=2016 World Press Freedom Index {{!}} Reporters Without Borders|newspaper=RSF|access-date=12 February 2017|archive-date=1 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201195036/https://rsf.org/en/ranking|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |title=Democracy Index 2016 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224070253/http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |archive-date=24 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Country|Algeria}}
|2,381,741
|{{UN_Population|Algeria}}
|548,293,085,686
|13,823
|0.736
|78.3
|34
|50.06
|2.21
|41.69
|3.56
|-
|{{Country|Angola}}
|1,246,700
|{{UN_Population|Angola}}
|173,593,223,667
|6,938
|0.532
|90.5
|18
|48.94
|2.14
|39.89
|3.40
|-
|{{Country|Benin}}
|112,760
|{{UN_Population|Benin}}
|21,016,184,357
|1,932
|0.48
|78.9
|36
|59.31
|2.00
|28.97
|5.67
|-
|{{Country|Botswana}}
|566,730
|{{UN_Population|Botswana}}
|33,657,545,969
|14,876
|0.698
|63.5
|60
|71.07
|1.64
|22.91
|7.87
|-
|{{Country|Burkina Faso}}
|273,600
|{{UN_Population|Burkina Faso}}
|28,840,666,622
|1,593
|0.402
|89.4
|42
|59.09
|2.06
|22.66
|4.70
|-
|{{Country|Burundi}}
|25,680
|{{UN_Population|Burundi}}
|7,634,578,343
|300
|0.4
|100.7
|20
|53.91
|2.50
|54.10
|2.40
|-
|{{Country|Cape Verde}}
|4,030
|{{UN_Population|Cape Verde}}
|3,205,197,585
|6,158
|0.646
|71.5
|59
|66.46
|N/A
|19.82
|7.94
|-
|{{Country|Cameroon}}
|472,710
|{{UN_Population|Cameroon}}
|68,302,439,597
|2,926
|0.512
|97.8
|26
|54.18
|2.36
|40.53
|3.46
|-
|{{Country|Central African Republic}}
|622,980
|{{UN_Population|Central African Republic}}
|2,847,726,468
|581
|0.35
|112.1
|20
|45.23
|3.35
|33.60
|1.61
|-
|{{Country|Chad}}
|1,259,200
|{{UN_Population|Chad}}
|28,686,194,920
|2,044
|0.392
|110.1
|20
|46.33
|2.46
|40.59
|1.50
|-
|{{Country|Comoros}}
|1,861
|{{UN_Population|Comoros}}
|1,098,546,195
|1,393
|0.503
|83.8
|24
|52.35
|N/A
|24.33
|3.71
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Democratic Republic of the}}
|2,267,050
|{{UN_Population|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|56,920,935,460
|300
|0.433
|
|21
|46.38
|3.11
|50.97
|1.93
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Republic of the}}
|341,500
|{{UN_Population|Congo}}
|27,690,345,067
|5,993
|0.591
|92.2
|20
|42.80
|2.25
|35.84
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Djibouti}}
|23,180
|{{UN_Population|Djibouti}}
|2,911,406,226
|3,279
|0.47
|89.7
|30
|55.96
|2.29
|70.90
|2.83
|-
|{{Country|Egypt}}
|1,010,407
|{{UN_Population|Egypt}}
|1,173,000,000,000
|10,250
|0.69
|90.2
|34
|55.96
|2.57
|54.45
|3.31
|-
|{{Country|Equatorial Guinea}}
|28,050
|{{UN_Population|Equatorial Guinea}}
|32,317,928,931
|38,243
|0.587
|85.2
|N/A
|43.67
|1.94
|66.47
|1.70
|-
|{{Country|Eritrea}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |title=Eritrea |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121011902/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|101,000
|{{UN_Population|Eritrea}}
|8,845,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.391
|98.6
|18
|42.7
|2.46
|83.92
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Eswatini}}
|17,204
|{{UN_Population|Eswatini}}
|10,452,834,007
|8,122
|0.531
|87.6
|N/A
|59.65
|2.07
|52.37
|3.03
|-
|{{Country|Ethiopia}}
|1,104,300
|{{UN_Population|Ethiopia}}
|152,057,290,468
|1,530
|0.442
|97.2
|34
|51.52
|2.28
|45.13
|3.60
|-
|{{Country|Gabon}}
|257,670
|{{UN_Population|Gabon}}
|32,539,376,597
|18,860
|0.684
|72
|35
|58.96
|2.03
|32.20
|3.74
|-
|{{Country|Gambia, The}}
|10,120
|{{UN_Population|Gambia}}
|3,140,820,062
|1,578
|0.441
|86.8
|26
|57.14
|2.09
|46.53
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Ghana}}
|227,540
|{{UN_Population|Ghana}}
|108,393,071,924
|3,955
|0.579
|71.2
|43
|63.00
|1.81
|17.95
|6.75
|-
|{{Country|Guinea}}
|245,720
|{{UN_Population|Guinea}}
|14,316,884,358
|1,135
|0.411
|103.8
|27
|53.33
|2.15
|33.08
|3.14
|-
|{{Country|Guinea-Bissau}}
|28,120
|{{UN_Population|Guinea-Bissau}}
|2,521,743,682
|1,367
|0.42
|99.8
|16
|51.81
|2.26
|29.03
|1.98
|-
|{{Country|Ivory Coast}}
|318,000
|{{UN_Population|Ivory Coast}}
|74,916,780,423
|3,300
|0.462
|97.9
|34
|60.01
|2.28
|30.17
|3.81
|-
|{{Country|Kenya}}
|569,140
|{{UN_Population|Kenya}}
|133,592,522,053
|2,901
|0.548
|98.3
|26
|57.51
|2.38
|31.16
|5.33
|-
|{{Country|Lesotho}}
|30,360
|{{UN_Population|Lesotho}}
|5,914,437,068
|2,770
|0.497
|80.9
|39
|50.62
|1.94
|28.78
|6.59
|-
|{{Country|Liberia}}
|96,320
|{{UN_Population|Liberia}}
|3,533,313,381
|500
|0.43
|95.5
|37
|52.19
|2.00
|30.71
|5.31
|-
|{{Country|Libya}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya/ |title=Libya |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109235257/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,759,540
|{{UN_Population|Libya}}
|94,010,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|14,900&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.724
|96.4
|14
|N/A
|3.20
|57.89
|2.25
|-
|{{Country|Madagascar}}
|581,800
|{{UN_Population|Madagascar}}
|33,354,200,458
|1,376
|0.51
|84.2
|26
|61.06
|1.76
|27.04
|5.07
|-
|{{Country|Malawi}}
|94,280
|{{UN_Population|Malawi}}
|19,137,290,349
|1,112
|0.445
|87.6
|31
|51.8
|1.82
|28.12
|5.55
|-
|{{Country|Mali}}
|1,220,190
|{{UN_Population|Mali}}
|33,524,899,739
|1,905
|0.419
|95.2
|32
|56.54
|2.49
|39.83
|5.70
|-
|{{Country|Mauritania}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |title=Mauritania |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=7 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107034713/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,030,700
|{{UN_Population|Mauritania}}
|16,190,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|4,400&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.506
|95.4
|27
|54.8
|2.30
|24.03
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Mauritius}}
|2,030
|{{UN_Population|Mauritius}}
|23,817,914,134
|18,864
|0.777
|43.2
|54
|74.73
|1.56
|27.69
|8.28
|-
|{{Country|Morocco}}
|446,300
|{{UN_Population|Morocco}}
|257,398,957,178
|7,365
|0.628
|74.2
|37
|61.27
|2.09
|42.64
|4.77
|-
|{{Country|Mozambique}}
|786,380
|{{UN_Population|Mozambique}}
|31,326,751,237
|1,120
|0.416
|87.8
|27
|53.19
|1.96
|30.25
|4.02
|-
|{{Country|Namibia}}
|823,290
|{{UN_Population|Namibia}}
|24,043,436,006
|9,778
|0.628
|71.1
|52
|61.85
|1.87
|15.15
|6.31
|-
|{{Country|Niger}}
|1,266,700
|{{UN_Population|Niger}}
|17,857,377,171
|897
|0.348
|98.4
|35
|54.26
|2.24
|24.62
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Nigeria}}
|910,770
|{{UN_Population|Nigeria}}
|1,168,000,000,000
|5,639
|0.514
|103.5
|28
|57.46
|2.88
|35.90
|4.50
|-
|{{Country|Rwanda}}
|24,670
|{{UN_Population|Rwanda}}
|19,216,033,048
|1,655
|0.483
|91.3
|54
|63.07
|2.32
|54.61
|3.07
|-
|{{Country|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|960
|{{UN_Population|Sao Tome and Principe}}
|575,391,345
|3,023
|0.555
|72.9
|46
|56.71
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Senegal}}
|192,530
|{{UN_Population|Senegal}}
|34,398,281,018
|2,274
|0.466
|83.6
|45
|58.09
|1.98
|27.99
|6.21
|-
|{{Country|Seychelles}}
|460
|{{UN_Population|Seychelles}}
|2,384,515,771
|25,525
|0.772
|60.2
|N/A
|62.2
|N/A
|30.60
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sierra Leone}}
|72,180
|{{UN_Population|Sierra Leone}}
|9,511,431,824
|1,474
|0.413
|91
|30
|52.31
|1.81
|29.94
|4.55
|-
|{{Country|Somalia}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/ |title=Somalia |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=1 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701190026/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|627,340
|{{UN_Population|Somalia}}
|5,900,000,000&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|114
|10
|N/A
|3.41
|65.35
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|South Africa}}
|1,213,090
|{{UN_Population|South Africa}}
|742,461,000,000
|12,393
|0.666
|69.9
|45
|61.9
|2.32
|21.92
|7.41
|-
|{{Country|South Sudan}}
|619,745
|{{UN_Population|South Sudan}}
|21,484,823,398
|1,741
|0.467
|113.8
|11
|N/A
|3.59
|44.87
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sudan}}
|1,886,086
|{{UN_Population|Sudan}}
|165,813,461,495
|4,121
|0.479
|111.5
|14
|N/A
|3.27
|72.53
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Tanzania}}
|885,800
|{{UN_Population|United Republic of Tanzania}}
|130,297,806,032
|2,510
|0.521
|81.8
|32
|58.46
|1.90
|28.65
|5.76
|-
|{{Country|Togo}}
|54,390
|{{UN_Population|Togo}}
|10,018,697,437
|1,372
|0.484
|85.8
|32
|53.64
|1.95
|30.31
|3.32
|-
|{{Country|Tunisia}}
|155,360
|{{UN_Population|Tunisia}}
|121,200,025,401
|10,770
|0.721
|74.6
|41
|57.55
|1.95
|31.60
|6.40
|-
|{{Country|Uganda}}
|200,520
|{{UN_Population|Uganda}}
|67,856,334,117
|1,738
|0.483
|97.7
|25
|59.26
|2.15
|32.58
|5.26
|-
|{{Country|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 June 2007 |title=Western Sahara |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|266,000
|{{UN_Population|Western Sahara}}
|906,500,000&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2,500&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Zambia}}
|743,390
|{{UN_Population|Zambia}}
|58,400,082,027
|3,602
|0.586
|86.3
|38
|58.79
|1.78
|35.08
|5.99
|-
|{{Country|Zimbabwe}}
|386,850
|{{UN_Population|Zimbabwe}}
|26,180,942,292
|500
|0.509
|100.5
|22
|38.23
|2.32
|40.41
|3.05
|-
|'''{{noflag|African Union}}'''
|30,370,000
|{{UN_Population|Africa}}
|5,457,724,064,668
|4,602
|0.524&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|88.99&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|31.51&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|55.55&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2.27
|37.89
|4.30
|-
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]] (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015
![[List of countries by population|Population]] {{UN_Population|Year}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016
![[Reporters Without Borders|WPFI]]
2016
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016
|}

== Lihimi m-pahi ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Africa Adaptation Initiative]]
* [[African Century]]
* [[African Peer Review Mechanism]]
* [[African Renaissance]]
* [[African Standby Force]]
* [[African Unification Front]]
* [[Africanisation]]
* [[Central Asian Union]]
* [[East African Federation]]
* [[Ezulwini agreement]]
* [[Friends of the African Union]]
* [[Indigenous peoples of Africa]]
* [[List of country groupings]]
* [[List of multilateral free-trade agreements]]
* [[Climate adaptation|Prevention of environmental migration]]
* [[Pan-Africanism]]
* [[Pan-African Women's Organization]]
{{div col end}}

== Noosi ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==Kundivihira==
=== Sources ===
{{Reflist}}

=== General and cited references ===
{{Library resources box}}
* [https://web.archive.org</text>
      <sha1>6odwtmxobn7ttvoewg7bppkwneax9rd</sha1>
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      <text bytes="98075" sha1="sqjoldcmkkwc0xj4kol7coxbn60cv0p" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Continental union of African states}}
{{For|the predecessor organisation|Organisation of African Unity}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox geopolitical organisation
| conventional_long_name = African Union
| native_name            = {{Name in various languages
 | name = {{nobold|''(in other official languages)''}}
 | ar = الاتحاد الأفريقي
 | fr = Union africaine
 | pt = União Africana
 | es = Unión Africana
 | sw = Umoja wa Afrika
 }}
| linking_name           = the African Union
| image_flag             = Flag of the African Union.svg
| alt_flag               = Flag of the African Union
| alt_symbol             = 
| symbol_width           = 85px
| motto                  = &quot;A United and Strong Africa&quot;
| anthem                 = &quot;[[Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html |title=African Union anthem, etc |publisher=Africamasterweb.com |access-date=26 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915041714/http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html | archive-date=15 September 2015 | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{center|}}{{Align|center| |style=margin-top:0em}}
| image_map              = Map of the African Union with Suspended States.svg
| alt_map                = An [[Orthographic projection (cartography)|orthographic projection]] of [[Earth|the world]], highlighting the African Union and its member states (green).
| map_width              = 220px
| map_caption            = {{legend2|#2A5C2B|Member states}}&lt;br /&gt;{{legend2|#00D500|Suspended states}}
| org_type               = [[Continental union]]
| membership_type        = Membership
| membership             = {{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
 |title = [[Member states of the African Union|55 member states]]
|{{flag|Algeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Angola|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Benin|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Botswana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Burkina Faso|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp|Suspended}}
|{{flag|Burundi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cameroon|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cape Verde|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Central African Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Chad|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Comoros|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Djibouti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Egypt|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eritrea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eswatini|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ethiopia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Gabon|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Gambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ghana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Guinea|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ivory Coast|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kenya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Lesotho|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Liberia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Libya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Madagascar|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Malawi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mali|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Mauritania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mauritius|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Morocco|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mozambique|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Namibia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Niger|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Nigeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Rwanda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sahrawi Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Senegal|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Seychelles|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sierra Leone|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Somalia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Africa|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Sudan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sudan|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Tanzania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Togo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Tunisia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Uganda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zimbabwe|size=23px}}
}}
{{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
|title = 9 observer states
|{{flag|Haiti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kazakhstan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Latvia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mexico|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Palestine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Serbia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Turkey|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ukraine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates|size=23px}}
}}
| admin_center_type      = Political centres
| admin_center           = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Addis Ababa]]&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;}} |{{nowrap|[[Johannesburg]]&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;}}}}
| largest_settlement_type = urban agglomerations
| largest_city           = 
| largest_settlement     = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Cairo]]}} |{{nowrap|[[Lagos]]}}}}
| languages_type         = Official languages
| languages              = {{hlist | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] | [[English language|English]] | [[French language|French]] | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]]  | [[Swahili language|Swahili]] | and any other [[Languages of Africa|African language]]&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;}}
| demonym                = African
| leader_title1          = [[Chairperson of the African Union|Chairperson]]
| leader_name1           = [[João Lourenço]]
| leader_title2          = [[Chairperson of the African Union Commission|Commission Chairperson]]
| leader_name2           = [[Mahamoud Ali Youssouf]]
| leader_title3          = [[Pan-African Parliament#Presidents of the Pan-African Parliament|Parliamentary President]]
| leader_name3           = [[Fortune Z. Charumbira]]
| legislature            = [[Pan-African Parliament]]
| established_event1     = [[Organisation of African Unity|OAU Charter]]
| established_date1      = 25 May 1963
| established_event2     = [[Abuja Treaty]]
| established_date2      = 3 June 1991
| established_event3     = [[Sirte Declaration]]
| established_date3      = 9 September 1999
| established_event4     = African Union founded
| established_date4      = {{start date and age|2002|07|09}}
| established_event5     = [[History of South Sudan|Admission of]] [[South Sudan]]
| established_date5      = 9 July 2011
| established_event6     = [[Member states of the African Union|Admission of]] [[Morocco]]
| established_date6      = 31 January 2017
| established_event7     = [[African Continental Free Trade Area]] (AfCFTA)
| established_date7      = 1 January 2021
| area_km2               = 29,922,059&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2016&quot;&gt;Corresponds to the terrestrial surface. Including the [[Exclusive Economic Zones]] of each member state, the total area is 43 434 569&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 1,494,988,668{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $8.990 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO/WEOWORLD/IDN/AFQ.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668%2C672%2C612%2C614%2C674%2C676%2C678%2C682%2C684%2C638%2C686%2C688%2C616%2C728%2C748%2C618%2C624%2C692%2C694%2C622%2C626%2C628%2C632%2C636%2C634%2C662%2C611%2C714%2C716%2C469%2C722%2C642%2C643%2C718%2C724%2C734%2C644%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C652%2C732%2C656%2C654%2C738%2C742%2C744%2C746%2C664%2C754%2C666%2C698&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |access-date=8 February 2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714135232/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668,672,612,614,674,676,678,682,684,638,686,688,616,728,748,618,624,692,694,622,626,628,632,636,634,662,611,714,716,469,722,642,643,718,724,734,644,726,646,199,648,733,652,732,656,654,738,742,744,746,664,754,666,698&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,LP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion|Excluding Western Sahara due to lack of data}}
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2024
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $6,330&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal            = {{decrease}} $2.81 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion}}
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2024
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{decrease}} $1,960&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.577
| HDI_year               = 2020
| cctld                  = [[.africa]]
| footnotes              = {{unbulleted list |&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[African Union Commission]]. |&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[Pan-African Parliament]].}}
| official_website       = {{URL|https://au.int}}
| area_rank              = 
| today                  = 
}}

'''African Union''' ('''AU''') nyɛla tiŋgbani bɔbugu laɣingu zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu&lt;ref name=&quot;UIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100033436 |url-access= |title=African Union (AU) |author1=Staff writer |year=2025 |department=UIA Global Civil Society Database |website=uia.org |publisher=[[Union of International Associations]] |agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online |location=Brussels, Belgium |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date=8 January 2025 |via= |quote= |trans-quote= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Member States AU-UN |url=https://www.africanunion-un.org/memberstates |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka nyɛ din be [[Africa]]. AU nyɛla bɛ ni daa niŋ shɛli laɣngu Sirte Declaration din be Sirte, Libya Silimiin goli September yuuni 1999, ka bɛ niya daa nyɛ bɛ kpa African Union. Bɛ daa piligi li Silimiin goli July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002  Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_&amp;_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union,%209%20July%202002.htm |title=Launch of the African Union, 9 July 2002: Address by the chairperson of the AU, President Thabo Mbeki |first=Thabo |last=Mbeki |date=9 July 2002 |publisher=africa-union.org |location=ABSA Stadium, Durban, South Africa |access-date=8 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503210549/http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_%26_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union%2C%209%20July%202002.htm |archive-date=3 May 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ daa mali lala niya ni AU nyɛla di ni tooi zani Organisation of African Unity (OAU) zani, di nyɛla bɛ ni daa kpa shɛli Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1963 ka di ni daa piligi shɛli nyɛ Addis Ababa, gomnantinima pihita ni ayi nyɛ ban daa dihi bɛ nuhi gbana zuɣu zaŋ n-ti li; OAU ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa kari shɛli Silimiin goli  July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002 Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;/&gt; 

African Union ŋɔ nyɛla din mali salo ban kalinli gari 1.3 &quot;billion&quot; ka di tiŋgbani galisim paai kamani  {{convert|30|e6km2|e6sqmi|sigfig=2|abbr=unit}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Manboah-Rockson |first1=Joseph |title=Politics &amp; the Struggle for Democracy in Ghana: An Introduction to Political Science |date=23 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Balli shɛŋa din be di ni nyɛ  Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, n-ti pahi Swahili.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://au.int/en/about/languages |title=AU Languages |access-date=2 May 2021 |publisher=African Union |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407001442/https://au.int/en/about/languages |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

G20 (Group of 20) laɣingu din daa niŋ New Delhi, [[India]] yuuni 2023, African Union nyɛla ban daa kpɛ G20.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=September 9, 2023 |title=African Union made permanent member of G20 at Delhi summit |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/09/african-union-made-permanent-member-of-g20-at-delhi-summit |access-date=December 12, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Overview ==
African Union niyanima n-nyɛ:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Constitutive Act|url=https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415235637/https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|archive-date=15 April 2020|access-date=2 May 2021|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;

# Di ʒi nangbanyini din mali yaa na, taba laɣimbu ni Africa tinsi mini [[Africa|African]] tingbana taba puu biɛri taba zuɣu.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi maŋsulinsi, tiŋgbana taba shebu ni tiŋgbani din kam be din ni maŋsulinsi.
# Ni di kpaŋsi siyaasa mini biɛhigu-daabiligu laɣimbu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋgbana taba sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 November 2024|title=Evolution of Geopolitical Dynamics in Africa|url=https://www.guambia.com.uy/67/evolution-of-geopolitical-dynamics-in-africa/2312/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=Guambia}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The New Power Play in Africa: Russia, China, and the Shifting Sands of Influence|url=https://kcsgroup.com/the-new-power-play-in-africa-russia-china-and-the-shifting-sands-of-influence/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=KCS Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ni di kpaŋsi ka gu ka taɣi [[Africa|African]] zaashee zaŋ chaŋ bɛ suhuyurilim polo di tiŋgbani yaɣa mini di niriba sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi daabiligu tiŋgban sunsuuni, ka mali [[Charter of the United Nations]] mini [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] tumdi tuma.
# Ni di kpaŋsi suhudoo, niriba gubu, ni tiŋgbani yaɣa zanibu chibi.
# Ni di kmpaŋsi maŋsulinsi zalisi, ni gɔmnanti tali din niŋ dede.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi ninsalinima mini niriba fukumsi din be [[African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights]] ni mini &quot;[[International human rights instruments|human rights instruments]]&quot; yaɣa din niŋ talahi.
# Ni di zali zalisi din kpa talahi ka che ka tiŋgbani yaɣa maa tumdi di tuma dunia daabiligu ni ni shaawara gbaabu tiŋgbana sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim din nyɛ soha-biɛɣuni dini zaŋti daabiligu,biɛhigu ni kaya ni taɣada biɛhigu ni Africa daabiligu yaɣa zaŋ laɣim taba.
# Ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ninsalisili yaɣa kam n duhi biɛri suŋ Africanima sunsuuni.
# To coordinate and harmonise the policies between the existing and future [[Regional Economic Communities]] for the gradual attainment of the objectives of the Union.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim tiŋgbana yaɣa maa ni din dalim vihigu niŋbu, di bahi bahindi tabiibi mini tabiibi zaŋ tum tuma.
# Ni di mini tiŋgbana laɣim tum n-kpihim dɔriti din mali taɣibu mini alaafee kpaŋsibu tiŋgbana ni.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm Africa-union.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604051527/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm|date=4 June 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
{{Main|History of the African Union|History of Africa}}

African Union taarihi pilila &quot;'''First Congress of Independent African States&quot;''', din daa niŋ [[Accra]], [[Ghana]] bini din gbaai Anashaara goli April biɛɣu pinaanu zaŋ chaŋ biɛɣu pishinaayi yuuni 1958. Laɣingu maa niya daa nyɛla di kpa [[Africa Day]], n-ti tabili [[Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU), din daa kpa Anashaara goli May biɛɣu pishinaanu yuuni 1963, ni [[African Economic Community]] yuuni 1991.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210205406/http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may|date=10 December 2018}} South African History Online (SAHO), 15 May 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ansarisi maaniba daa ŋme nangbankpeeni ni OAU ka nuu timbu shɛli ninsalilnima fukumsi ni .&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2115736&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Reynolds|first=Paul|date=8 July 2002|title=African Union replaces dictators' club|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601025542/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|archive-date=1 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tɛha din tahi AU kpabu na nyɛla din daa labi niŋ nyɛvuli 1990s sunsuuni Libyan tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Muammar al-Gaddafi]] saha;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Adebajo|first=Adekeye|date=2011-08-26|title=Gaddafi: the man who would be king of Africa|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011605/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Guardian|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbana zuɣulana mini kpɛma zaŋti OAU daa yina ni [[Sirte Declaration]] (bɛ ni daa zaŋ Sirte, Libya yuli boli shɛli) Anashaara goli September dabaa awɔi yuuni 1999, ka daa ŋmeri kuŋ bɔri African Union nambu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-12-05|title=The African Union After Gaddafi|url=http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410172928/http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|archive-date=10 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 10, 2001|title=African leaders elect OAU boss|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414032647/https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-08-27|title=New Partnership for Africa's Development – NEPAD {{!}} Poverty Eradication|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419153619/https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html|archive-date=19 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=www.un.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

African Union suuna daa niŋla [[Durban]] Anashaara goli July dabaa awɔi yuuni 2002 ni di tuuli ʒia kuɣulana, South Africa tiŋgbani zuɣulana kuro [[Thabo Mbeki]], Assembly of the African Union tuuli yaɣili ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-11-18|title=The African Union is launched|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416010303/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|archive-date=16 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=Africa Renewal|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Assembly yaɣili din pahiri ayi daa niŋla [[Maputo]] yuuni 2003 ka din pahiri ata daa niŋ [[Addis Ababa]] Anashaara goli July dabaa ayɔbu yuuni 2004.

Tum yuuni 2010, African Union daa mali niya ni di kpa &quot;African [[space agency]]&quot; laɣim taba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=5 September 2010|title=Africa prepares to join the big boys in the space race|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116213335/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|archive-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=6 September 2012|title=Sudanese president calls for African space agency|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102203403/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|archive-date=2 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=11 September 2012|title=Africa eyes joint space agency|url=http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021070210/http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|archive-date=21 October 2013|access-date=21 October 2013|publisher=Phys.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Ezigbo|first1=Onyebuchi|last2=Okpara|first2=Lois|date=9 August 2010|title=AU to Establish African Space Agency|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212084442/http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|archive-date=12 February 2014|access-date=11 December 2015|publisher=All Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Barack Obama]] n daa nyɛ tuuli United States tiŋgbani zuɣulana ŋun ʒi gbana ni ka di alizama African Union ni Addis Ababa Anashaara goli July biɛɣu pihita yini ka dali yuuni 2015. O daa alizama dibu ni, o daa kpaŋsiya ni dunisnims laɣindi niŋdi daabiligu ka tabiri sɔŋdi shikuru baŋsim tooni chandi ni, ni lɛbiginsim mini dahi yɛligibu. Amaa, o daa lahi galim suhuyurilim ni ka tiŋgbani shɛŋa ni mini gɔmnantinima ban zaɣisi sheebu ni, ban bi galisi gaŋbu (n-ti tabili ninuɣ'shɛba ban be [[LGBT]] ni, adiininima mini laɣinsi zuliyanima ni) ni kɔriŋ fahili.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Carol E.|date=28 July 2015|title=Obama Becomes First U.S. President to Address African Union|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|url-status=live|access-date=29 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729094216/http://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|archive-date=29 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 July 2015|title=Remarks by President Obama to the People of Africa|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120220442/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|archive-date=20 January 2017|access-date=29 July 2015|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|via=[[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Treaties ===
{{AU evolution timeline}}

== Siyaasa ==

:
; Financial institutions

* [[African Central Bank]] – [[Abuja]], Nigeria
* [[African Investment Bank]] – [[Tripoli, Libya]]
* [[African Monetary Fund]] – [[Yaoundé]], Cameroon

Lala tuma duri ŋɔ na bi kpa; amaa, komitiinima ban be di kpabu ni nyɛla bɛ ni piigi shɛba. Lal n-nyɛli,  AU malila niya ni di diri laɣ'yini ([[Afro (currency)|Afro]]).

; Alaafee
: [[Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention]] (Africa CDC), daa kpala yuuni 2016 ka di suuna niŋ yuuni 2017. Di tuma du'zuɣuri be la Addis Ababa Ethiopia.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int-2017-01-31&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-01-31|title=Africa CDC Official Launch|url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630023917/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-date=30 June 2018|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb.int-2017-02-02&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-02-02|title=The African Union launches Africa CDC, a Continent-wide Public Health Agency|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180037/https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|work=[[Reliefweb]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc.gov-2017-07-27&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-07-27|title=Africa CDC: Improving Disease Detection and Emergency Response on the African Continent|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180936/https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Inspection visit to Africa CDC Headquarters building site|url=https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205114846/https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|archive-date=5 February 2022|access-date=2022-02-05|website=Africa CDC|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; Ninsalinima fukumsi
: [[African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights]], nyɛla din beni tum yuuni 1986, di be la [[African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights]] fukumsi ni (African Charter) amaa ka ni Constitutive Act of the African Union.
; Polo
: [[African Space Agency]] nyɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2023. Di tuma du'zuɣu be la Cairo.
; Yaa
: [[African Energy Commission]] daa nYɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2008, ka be Algiers.

=== Tiŋgbana din be din ni ===
{{Main|Member states of the African Union}}

[[Member states of the United Nations|UN member states]] din be Africa mini African islands zaa bela AU, ka nyɛ yaɣ'shɛli din tabi [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] (SADR). [[Morocco]] daa yila Organisation of African Unity ni yuuni 1984 ka di nyɛla SADR sulinsi ni ka di daa be, ka di tiŋgbani yaɣili [[Western Sahara]] daa zaŋli kpehi di maŋsulinsi ni.  AU daa lahi labi deei li Anashaara goli January biɛɣu pihita yuuni 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;worldbulletin&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=30 January 2017|title=Morocco rejoins African Union|publisher=Worldbulletin|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|url-status=usurped|access-date=31 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720013737/http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|archive-date=20 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Somaliland]], din nyɛ [[Somalia]] ni deei shɛli, daa sabi gbaŋ ti ni di kpe AU yuuni 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nelson&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Nelson, Elizabeth A.|title=Regional Politics and State Secession|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|year=2021|isbn=978-1-83910-377-3|pages=105}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mali nyɛla bɛ nin daa naa yihi shɛba African Union ni saha biɛla sunsuuni Anashaara goli 19 August 2020 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu niŋ naai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=African Union suspends Mali following coup|work=Agence France-Presse, Reuters|publisher=Deutsche Welle|url=https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913003040/https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|archive-date=13 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anashaara goli 9 October lala yuuni ŋɔ yaha, [[Peace and Security Council]] zaŋti African Union daa paai lala yihibu fukumsi ŋɔ Mali zuɣi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union lifts Mali's suspension imposed in the wake of coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009202811/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|archive-date=9 October 2020|access-date=2020-10-09|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Bɛ daa lahi labi zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa tiŋgbani maa zuɣu Anashaara goli June dahin yini dali yuuni 2021, di sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu ni daa lahi niŋ chira awɔi sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2 June 2021|title=African Union announces 'immediate suspension' of Mali after second coup|work=France 24, Reuters, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912141924/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lala fukumsi ŋɔ daa pani Guinea gba zuɣu African Union ni ANashaara goli September biɛɣu pia dali yuuni 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Alpha Condé]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=10 September 2021|title=African Union suspends Guinea after coup, as envoys arrive for talks|work=France 24, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912022912/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sudan gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pani shɛli zuɣu Anashaara goli 27 October 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmananti shee tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Abdalla Hamdok]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union suspends Sudan over coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027130242/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|archive-date=27 October 2021|access-date=2021-10-27|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Burkina Faso gba nyɛla lala fukumsi ŋɔ ni daa pani shɛli zuɣu African Union ni bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu Anashaara goli 31 January 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AU suspends Burkina Faso after coup as envoys head for talks|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062926/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|archive-date=23 December 2022|access-date=2022-01-31|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nige gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛba zuɣu Anashaara goli 22 August 2023 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣula [[Mohamed Bazoum]]; tum din saha ka [[2023 Nigerien crisis]] pili.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2023-08-22|title=African Union suspends participation of Niger following coup|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|url-status=live|access-date=2023-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906024202/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|archive-date=6 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gabon gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛli zuɣu 31 August 2023 bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmananti sheei [[Ali Bongo Ondimba]] nyaaŋa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Newspaper|first=The Peninsula|date=2023-08-31|title=African Union says to 'immediately suspend' Gabon after coup|url=https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902185942/http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|archive-date=2 September 2023|access-date=2023-08-31|website=thepeninsulaqatar.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{TOC limit|3}}


== Members ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{DZA}}
* {{AGO}}
* {{BEN}}
* {{BWA}}
* {{BFA}} (suspended)
* {{BDI}}
* {{CMR}}
* {{CPV}}
* {{CAF}}
* {{TCD}}
* {{COM}}
* {{COD}}
* {{COG}}
* {{DJI}}
* {{EGY}}
* {{GNQ}}
* {{ERI}}
* {{SWZ}}
* {{ETH}}
* {{GAB}}
* {{GMB}}
* {{GHA}}
* {{GIN}} (suspended)
* {{GNB}}
* {{CIV}}
* {{KEN}}
* {{LSO}}
* {{LBR}}
* {{LBY}}
* {{MDG}}
* {{MWI}}
* {{MLI}} (suspended)
* {{MRT}}
* {{MUS}}
* {{MAR}}
* {{MOZ}}
* {{NAM}}
* {{NER}} (suspended)
* {{NGA}}
* {{RWA}}
* {{SADR}}
* {{STP}}
* {{SEN}}
* {{SYC}}
* {{SLE}}
* {{SOM}}
* {{ZAF}}
* {{SSD}}
* {{SDN}} (suspended)
* {{TZA}}
* {{TGO}}
* {{TUN}}
* {{UGA}}
* {{ZMB}}
* {{ZWE}}
{{div col end}}

==== Observers ====
* {{HAI}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Haiti Will Not Join the African Union |url=https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |website=Haiti Hub |access-date=22 June 2023 |date=22 May 2016 |archive-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622142803/https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ISR}} (suspended as of February 2023)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|title=African Union says Israel's observer status suspended|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908195006/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |author=((i24NEWS)) |date=2022-02-06 |title=Israel dispute erupts at African Union summit |language=en |work=Ynetnews |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |access-date=2022-02-06 |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151241/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{KAZ}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstan's Observer status at the African Union: What Does It Mean for Africa? |url=https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=www.igd.org.za |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327081029/https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{LAT}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-01-11|url=http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|title=Latvia becomes observer to African Union|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia]]|website=www.mfa.gov.lv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918030201/http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|archive-date=18 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{MEX}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-06-18 |title=Chairperson Receives the Credentials of the First Permanent Observer of Mexico to the African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |website=au.int |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901115222/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|Palestine}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-05-27 |title=AU grants Palestine observer status |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |publisher=[[Egypt Independent]] |first=Fathya |last=el-Dakhakhni |website=egyptindependent.com |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=29 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229042151/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{SRB}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 January 2014|language=sr-latn|title=Mrkić na samitu u Adis Abebi|url=https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|website=b92.net|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=16 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071458/https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{TUR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-11 |title=What's driving Turkey's commercial &amp; military relations with Africa? |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en-US |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151227/https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{UKR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-06-22 |title=Ukraine has obtained the observer status in the African Union |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] |website=mfa.gov.ua |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071456/https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ARE}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chairperson Receives Credentials of the Permanent Observer of the United Arab Emirates. {{!}} African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=au.int |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151252/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== African Union tuma ====
{{Supranational African Bodies|align=right|size=500px}}Yuuni 1980 [[Lagos Plan of Action for the Development of Africa]] mini yuuni 1991 varisigu ni African Economic Community kpabu (bɛ ni lahi booni shɛli Abuja Treaty), daa yina ni tɛha din nyɛ [[Regional Economic Communities]] (RECs) kpabu ni niŋ binshɛli din yɛn laɣim Africa taba.&lt;ref&gt;See note on [https://web.archive.org/web/20040906140832/http://www.dfa.gov.za/docs/2003/au0815.htm The Role of the Regional Economic Communities (RECs) as the Building Blocks of the African Union] prepared by the South African Department of Foreign Affairs.&lt;/ref&gt;

Saha ŋɔ, RECs dibaa anii m-be AU. Din nima n-nyɛ:

* [[Arab Maghreb Union]] (AMU)
* [[Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa]] (COMESA)
* [[Community of Sahel-Saharan States]] (CEN-SAD)
* [[East African Community]] (EAC)
* [[Economic Community of Central African States]] (ECCAS)
* [[Economic Community of West African States]] (ECOWAS)
* [[Intergovernmental Authority on Development]] (IGAD)
* [[Southern Africa Development Community]] (SADC)&lt;ref&gt;Decision on the Protocol on Relations between the African Union and the Regional Economic Communities (RECs), Assembly/AU/Dec.166 (IX).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=President of Mauritania Elected as New Chairperson of AU|url=https://www.ena.et/web/eng/w/eng_4033947}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of chairpersons ==
{{main|Chairperson of the African Union}}
[[File:Jakaya Kikwete and Muammar al-Gaddafi, 12th AU Summit, 090202-N-0506A-678.jpg|thumb|left|[[Muammar Gaddafi]] embracing Tanzanian President [[Jakaya Kikwete|Kikwete]] after assuming the chairmanship]]
{{Clear|left}}

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-valign=top
|+Chairpersons of the African Union
|-
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Name
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Beginning of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|End of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Country
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Thabo Mbeki]]
|9 July 2002
|10 July 2003
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Joaquim Chissano]]
|10 July 2003
|6 July 2004
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Olusegun Obasanjo]]
|6 July 2004
|24 January 2006
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]]
|24 January 2006
|24 January 2007
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[John Kufuor]]
|30 January 2007
|31 January 2008
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Jakaya Kikwete]]
|31 January 2008
|2 February 2009
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Muammar al-Gaddafi]]
|2 February 2009
|31 January 2010
|{{flagdeco|Libya|1977}} [[Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|Libya]]
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Bingu wa Mutharika]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE60U05O20100131l Gaddafi fails in bid to remain African Union chair], Reuters, 31 January 2010 {{Dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20111230205627/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g8cvj3048f4WEB6UQuim80MKqhVA Malawi president takes over as AU president], AFP, 31 January 2010&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2010
|31 January 2011
|{{flag|Malawi|2010}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography According to the AU] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006153642/http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography |date=6 October 2011 }}, his official style is ''Son Excellence Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Président de la République, Chef de l'État et Président Fondateur du Parti Démocratique de Guinée Equatoriale'' {{in lang|fr}}. Retrieved 4 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2011
|29 January 2012
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Yayi Boni]]
|29 January 2012
|27 January 2013
|{{flag|Benin}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Hailemariam Desalegn]]
|27 January 2013
|30 January 2014
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz]]
|30 January 2014
|30 January 2015
|{{flag|Mauritania|1959}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Robert Mugabe]]
|30 January 2015
|30 January 2016
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Idriss Déby]]
|30 January 2016
|30 January 2017
|{{flag|Chad}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Alpha Condé]]
|30 January 2017
|28 January 2018
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Paul Kagame]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |title=President Paul Kagame, Elected as New Chairperson of the African Union for the year 2018 - African Union |website=au.int |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205134722/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|28 January 2018
|10 February 2019
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]]
|10 February 2019
|10 February 2020
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |title=South Africa takes over as AU chair: What to expect |website=aljazeera.com |access-date=12 February 2020 |archive-date=12 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212104846/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|10 February 2020
|10 February 2021
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Félix Tshisekedi]]
|10 February 2021
|5 February 2022
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Macky Sall]]
|5 February 2022
|18 February 2023
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Azali Assoumani]]
|18 February 2023
|17 February 2024
|{{flag|Comoros}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Ghazouani]]
|17 February 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|}

=== African Union summits ===
[[File:Niger, Niamey, Boulevard Mali Béro (2)(Rue IB-56).jpg|thumb|300px|left|Billboard in Niamey (Niger) announcing the 33rd AU Summit (2019)]]
{{Clear}}
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
|-
!width=155px| Session
! Host country
! Host city
! Date
! Theme
! Notes
|-
| 37th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|17 February 2024|format=d}}–{{dts|18 February 2024}}|| &quot;Educate and Skill Africa for the 21st Century&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://au.int/en/summit/37 | title=African Union &amp;#124; an Integrated, Prosperous and Peaceful Africa }}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 36th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|18 February 2023|format=d}}–{{dts|19 February 2023}}|| || 
|-
| 35th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 February 2022|format=d}}–{{dts|6 February 2022}}|| ||
|-
| 34th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|6 February 2021|format=d}}–{{dts|7 February 2021}}|| ||
|-
| 33rd&lt;ref name=development&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|title=The 33rd AU Summit kicks off with the 39th Session of the Permanent Representatives Committee &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121172202/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|9 February 2020|format=d}}–{{dts|10 February 2020}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|title=33rd AU Summit : Online accreditation for Journalists now open &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203234748/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;||&quot;Silencing the guns: creating conducive conditions for Africa's development&quot;&lt;ref name=development /&gt;||Agreement for [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]] to become operational in July 2020.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore /&gt; Agreements to reduce gender gap and inequality and to &quot;silence guns&quot; on the continent.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|title=South African President Cyril Ramaphosa elected African Union Chairperson as continent vows to 'silence the guns', boost trade and close gender gap|work=Today News Africa|access-date=2 May 2021|date=9 February 2020|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216015953/https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 12th Extraordinary Summit on [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]]&lt;ref name=extra12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705085754/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Niger}}||[[Niamey]]|| {{dts|4 July 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2019}} || &quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot; || Launch of the [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]]
|- 
| 32nd&lt;ref name=&quot;summit32&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=32nd AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/32 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806201405/https://au.int/en/summit/32 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|10 February 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|11 February 2019}}||&quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot;||
|-
| 11th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra11&gt;{{cite web |title=11th Extraordinary Summit Summary of Key Decisions |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |website=African Union |access-date=22 January 2020 |date=18 November 2018 |archive-date=22 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122180323/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 November 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|18 November 2018}}|| || Agreement reached on reorganisation AU Commission&lt;ref name=extra11 /&gt;
|-
| 31st&lt;ref name=&quot;summit31&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=31st AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/31 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708203337/https://au.int/en/summit/31 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mauritania}}||[[Nouakchott]]|| {{dts|25 June 2018|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra10&gt;{{cite web |title=10th Extraordinary Session of the Assembly on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708005309/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]]|| {{dts|17 March 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|21 March 2018}}|| &quot;Creating One African Market&quot; || Agreement reached on the AfCFTA
|-
| 30th&lt;ref name=summit30&gt;{{cite web |title=30th AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/30 |access-date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=22 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322020614/https://au.int/en/summit/30 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|29 January 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 29th&lt;ref name=summit29&gt;{{cite web |title=29th AU summit |date=5 July 2017 |url=https://au.int/en/summit/29 |access-date=15 November 2017 |archive-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116034051/https://au.int/en/summit/29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 June 2017|format=dm}} – {{dts|4 July 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; ||
|-
| 28th&lt;ref name=summit28&gt;{{cite web |title=28th AU summit |date=30 January 2017 |url=https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |access-date=31 January 2017 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202063411/https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2017|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; || Morocco rejoins the AU after 33 years
|-
| 27th&lt;ref name=summit27&gt;{{cite web |title=27th AU summit |date=July 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=7 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007033940/http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]] || {{dts|10 July 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|18 July 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot; || Launch of [[African Union Passport]]
|-
| 26th&lt;ref name=summit26&gt;{{cite web |title=26th AU summit |date=January 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/26 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=29 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929114302/http://au.int/en/summit/26 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot;||
|-
| [[Third India-Africa Forum Summit]] || {{flag|India}} || [[New Delhi]] || {{dts|26 October 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|29 October 2015}} || &quot;Reinvigorated Partnership—Shared Vision&quot; ||
|-
| 25th&lt;ref name=summit25&gt;{{cite web |title=25th AU summit |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002150945/http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=25th African Union Summit in Johannesburg – African Union Commission media information |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215016/http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Johannesburg]] || {{dts|7 June 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|15 June 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; || Featured Angelina Jolie&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=A Call for Global Support in Ending Women's Violence Done by Angelina Jolie |publisher=Newwatch NGR |url=http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |website=newswatchngr.com |date=February 2016 |access-date=23 February 2016 |archive-date=23 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223171129/http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 24th&lt;ref name=summit24&gt;{{cite web |title=24th AU summit |date=January 2015 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624103215/http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-date=24 June 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–Turkey Summit|| {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|19 November 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|21 November 2014}}|| &quot;A New Model of Partnership to Enhance a Sustainable Development and Integration of Africa&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Second Turkey-Africa Partnership Summit |date=November 2014 |url=http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225225133/http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Africa Turkey 2014 |date=November 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095901/http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 23rd&lt;ref name=summit23&gt;{{cite web |title=23rd AU summit |date=June 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709071223/http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-date=9 July 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|20 June 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|27 June 2014}}|| &quot;Year of Agriculture and food security&quot; ||
|-
| 22nd&lt;ref name=summit22&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd AU summit |date=January 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214161520/http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-date=14 February 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd Ordinary Session of the Summit of the African Union |date=January 2014 |url=http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214002039/http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-date=14 February 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2014}}|| &quot;Year Agriculture and food security, Marking 10th Anniversary of the Adoption of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP)&quot; ||
|-
| Extraordinary Summit on the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&lt;ref name=summiticc&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Extraordinary Summit on ICC |date=October 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220184942/http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-date=20 December 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]
| {{dts|11 October 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|12 October 2013}}|| &quot;Africa's Relationship with the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&quot; || This was in regards to the ICC's non-adherence to AU calls to drop certain charges against sitting leaders and claims that it was disproportionally targeting Africans.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |title=Kenya pushing for African split from International Criminal Court |newspaper=[[Irish Times]] |access-date=30 January 2014 |archive-date=28 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928170024/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 21st&lt;ref name=summit21&gt;{{cite web |title=21st AU summit |date=May 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701003301/http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-date=1 July 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|19 May 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|27 May 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; || 50th Anniversary of the Establishment of the [[Organisation of African Unity]]
|-
| 20th&lt;ref name=summit20&gt;{{cite web |title=20th AU summit |date=January 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509094507/http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-date=9 May 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 January 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|28 January 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; ||
|-
| Diaspora Summit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Global Africa Diaspora Summit |date=May 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916162142/http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-date=16 September 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Sandton, South Africa|Sandton]] || {{dts|23 May 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2012}}|| &quot;Towards the Realisation of a United and Integrated Africa and Its Diaspora&quot; ||
|-
| 19th&lt;ref name=summit19&gt;{{cite web |title=19th African Union (AU) Summit to be held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |date=June 2012 |url=http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002164755/http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|9 July 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|16 July 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| 18th&lt;ref name=summit18&gt;{{cite web |title=18th AU summit |date=January 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614120243/http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-date=14 June 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| [[17th Ordinary African Union Summit|17th]]&lt;ref name=summit17&gt;{{cite web |title=17th AU summit |date=June 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095847/http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{nowrap|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|23 June 2011|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2011}}|| &quot;Youth Empowerment for Sustainable Development&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–India Summit || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|20 May 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2011}}|| &quot;Enhancing partnership: shared vision&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=2nd Africa-India Forum Summit |date=May 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331174105/http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia |archive-date=31 March 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 16th&lt;ref name=summit16&gt;{{cite web |title=16th African Union summit |date=January 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090533/http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|24 January 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2011}}|| &quot;Towards Greater Unity and Integration through Shared Values&quot; ||
|-
| 15th&lt;ref name=summit15&gt;{{cite web |title=15th African Union summit |date=July 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909081209/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-date=9 September 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Uganda}}||[[Kampala]] || {{dts|19 July 2010|format=d}}–{{dts|27 July 2010}}|| &quot;Maternal, Infant, and Child Health and Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 14th&lt;ref name=summit14&gt;{{cite web |title=14th African Union summit |date=January 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122225/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2010|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2010}}|| &quot;Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Africa: Challenges and Prospects for Development&quot; ||
|-
| 13th&lt;ref name=summit13&gt;{{cite web |title=13th African Union summit |date=July 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040008/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|24 June 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 July 2009}}|| &quot;Investing in Agriculture for Economic Growth and Food Security&quot; ||
|-
| 12th&lt;ref name=summit12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th African Union summit |date=January 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040018/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|26 January 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 February 2009}}|| &quot;Infrastructure Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 11th&lt;ref name=summit11&gt;{{cite web |title=The 11th AU summit |date=July 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122200/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Egypt}}||[[Sharm el-Sheikh]] || {{dts|24 June 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2008}}|| &quot;Meeting the Millennium Development Goals on Water and Sanitation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th&lt;ref name=summit10&gt;{{cite web |title=The 10th African Union summit |date=January 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102035957/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2008}}|| &quot;Industrial Development of Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 9th&lt;ref name=summit9&gt;{{cite web |title=9th African Union summit |date=July 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040001/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ghana}}||[[Accra]] || {{dts|25 June 2007|format=dm}} – {{dts|6 July 2007}}|| &quot;Grand Debate on the Union Government&quot; ||
|-
| 8th&lt;ref name=summit8&gt;{{cite web |title=8th African Union summit |date=January 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806145357/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2007|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2007}}|| 1. &quot;Science, Technology and Scientific Research for Development&quot; &lt;br /&gt;2. &quot;Climate Change in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 7th&lt;ref name=summit7&gt;{{cite web |title=7th African Union summit |date=July 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806144655/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Gambia}}||[[Banjul]] || {{dts|25 June 2006|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2006}}|| &quot;Rationalisation of Recs and Regional Integration&quot; ||
|-
| 6th&lt;ref name=summit6&gt;{{cite web |title=6th African Union summit |date=January 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214191451/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-date=14 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Sudan}}||[[Khartoum]] || {{dts|16 January 2006|format=d}}–{{dts|24 January 2006}}|| &quot;Education and Culture&quot; ||
|-
| 5th&lt;ref name=summit5&gt;{{cite web |title=5th African Union summit |date=June 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224163231/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-date=24 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|28 June 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|29 June 2005}}|| ||
|-
| Extraordinary summit on UN Reform&lt;ref name=summitlist&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Summit |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215221812/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-date=15 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|4 August 2005}} || ||
|-
| 4th&lt;ref name=summit4&gt;{{cite web |title=4th African Union summit |date=January 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315081032/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-date=15 March 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Nigeria}}||[[Abuja]] || {{dts|24 January 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2005}}|| ||
|-
| 3rd&lt;ref name=summit3&gt;{{cite web |title=3rd African Union summit |date=July 2004 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207061226/http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-date=7 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|6 July 2004|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2004}}|| ||
|-
| 2nd&lt;ref name=summit2&gt;{{cite web |title=African Union Summit Maputo Mozambique |date=July 2003 |url=http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708083551/http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mozambique}}||[[Maputo]] || {{dts|2 July 2003|format=d}}–{{dts|12 July 2003}}|| ||
|-
| 1st&lt;ref name=summit1&gt;{{cite web |title=OAU/AU summit |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022142733/http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |archive-date=22 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Durban, South Africa|Durban]] || {{dts|28 June 2002}} – {{dts|10 July 2002}}|| &quot;Peace, Development and Prosperity: The African Century&quot; || Notable events include the launch of the African Union.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=1st AU summit: Documents and Speeches |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001222437/http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html| archive-date=1 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}


==== Africa–Caribbean relations ====
{{See also|Group of 77|Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States}}
[[Caribbean]] tiŋgbana pam nyɛla din kpuɣi niya ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ni [[Africa]] tiŋgbana. African Union lihirila Caribbean ka di nyɛ yaɣili din ni tooi pahi buyɔbu  &quot;Sixth Region&quot; tiŋgbana yaɣa din laɣim taba maa puuni.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/ African Union 6th Region Diaspora Headquarters to be established in Accompong, Jamaica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311035309/https://thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/|date=11 March 2023}}, 24 January 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;Caribbean tiŋgbani shɛŋa nyɛla Africa din yihi di maŋ pahi tuma yaɣa ni, n-ti tabili [[Barbados]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Lorna|title=Barbados inks MOU with African Export-Import Bank|url=https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717182615/https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|archive-date=17 July 2022|access-date=17 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[the Bahamas]] ni [[Guyana]], din zaa pahi [[African Export–Import Bank]] ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 December 2022|title=Barbados Parliament ratifies Partnership Agreement with Afreximbank, as Guyanaand Bahamas join CARICOM signatories|url=https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323124813/https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|archive-date=23 March 2023|access-date=10 September 2023|website=African Export-Import Bank}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaha, [[Caribbean Development Bank]] dihila laɣim tum gbana ni n-ti [[African Development Bank]] (AfDB).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/ AfDB, CDB move to deepen Africa, Caribbean cooperation, sign MoU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625194438/https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/|date=25 June 2022}}, June 18, 2022&lt;/ref&gt; [[Antigua and Barbuda]] gba niŋ zaɣa ni Africa mini Caribbean.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-01-09|title=Antigua Airways is airborne and ready to become the &quot;pride of the Caribbean&quot;|url=https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423231330/https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua News Room|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=jennelsa.johnson|date=2023-04-17|title=Government has not given up on Antigua Airways as company seeks to make comeback|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424072842/https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amaa, din nyɛla din ʒi yɛli muɣisira na tiŋgbana loobu ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-28|title=3 dead, 13 missing in Caribbean sinking; 14 Africans saved|url=https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531093832/https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|archive-date=31 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=AP NEWS|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-29|title=Tragedy at sea: Boat carrying African migrants from Antigua capsizes near St Kitts|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520064903/https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|archive-date=20 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-31|title=Fury as gov't says it bears no responsibility for migrant boat tragedy|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419124847/https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|archive-date=19 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Less than 600 West African migrants remain in Antigua {{!}} Loop Caribbean News|url=https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910051756/https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|archive-date=10 September 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Loop News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-07|title=The migrants stranded on an island they had not heard of|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822235248/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|archive-date=22 August 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=BBC News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-02-11|title=Antigua Government says no automatic citizenship for stranded Africans|url=https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423182748/https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=CNW Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{main|Africa–China relations}}

==== Africa–China relations ====
Yaɣ'yini din daabiligu be tooni [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC). [[Forum on China–Africa Cooperation]] nyɛla daabiligu balibu noiŋbu Africa tiŋgbana ni mini China.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|pages=56|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tum FOCAC zaŋ gɔhi taba ni yuuni 2012, African Union gab nyɛla din tim nuu ni tabi-sɔŋ ni, amaa  Africantingbana din be FOCAC na kuli nyɛla din zani ti di maŋa sahakam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|page=57|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Africa–EU relations ====
Zaŋ jendi European Commission polo, European Union's biɛhigu ni Africa nyɛla din kpa talahi. Tooni ha Africa-EU laɣim tum niya ni European Commission mini European External Action Service nyɛla din kahigi Joint Communication ni &quot;Towards a Comprehensive Strategy with Africa&quot;. Di buɣisila laɣim tum ni:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|date=2020-11-03|title=Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085246/https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=International Partnerships - European Commission|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 52020JC0004 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516184133/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|archive-date=16 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=eur-lex.europa.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Green Transition and Energy Access
* Digital Transformation
* Sustainable Growth and Jobs&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mobilising Investments for African structural sustainable transformation {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513082259/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|archive-date=13 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Strengthening Resilience, Peace, Security and Governance {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085847/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Peace, Security and Governance&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot; /&gt;
* Migration and Mobility&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Migration and mobility {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085848/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Lahabali_kɔligu:Eritrea_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg|thumb|[[South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011]]]]
In response to the ongoing [[Darfur conflict]] in Sudan, the AU has deployed 7,000 peacekeepers, many from Rwanda and Nigeria, to [[Darfur]]. While a donor's conference in Addis Ababa in 2005 helped raise funds to sustain the peacekeepers through that year and into 2006, in July 2006 the AU said it would pull out at the end of September when its mandate expires.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=28 June 2006|title=AU Darfur mission 'to end soon'|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826204932/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|archive-date=26 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Critics of the AU peacekeepers, including [[Eric Reeves]], have said these forces are largely ineffective due to lack of funds, personnel, and expertise. Monitoring a large area has made it even more difficult to sustain an effective mission. In June 2006, the [[United States Congress]] appropriated US$173&amp;nbsp;million for the AU force. Some, such as the [[Genocide Intervention Network]], have called for UN or [[NATO]] intervention to augment and/or replace the AU peacekeepers. The UN has considered deploying a force, though it would not likely enter the country until at least October 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Security Council Authorises Deployment of United Nations-African Union 'Hybrid' Peace Operation in Bid To Resolve Darfur Conflict|url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc9089.doc.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815184454/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/sc9089.doc.htm|archive-date=15 August 2007|access-date=26 November 2012|publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; The under-funded and badly equipped AU mission was set to expire on 31 December 2006 but was extended to 30 June 2007 and merged with the [[United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur]] in October 2007. In July 2009 the African Union ceased cooperation with the [[International Criminal Court]], refusing to recognise the international arrest warrant it had issued against Sudan's leader, [[Omar al-Bashir]], who was indicted in 2008 for [[War crime|war crimes]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=5 July 2009|title=African move on Bashir dismissed|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225224733/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The AU struggled to have a strategic role in the independence talks and the reconciliation process of [[South Sudan]], due to overwhelming interests of African and non-African powers, its influence is still limited and not consistent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Sulaiman|first=Abubkar o.|author2=Agoha, Ifeanyi Chuckwu|date=1 October 2013|title=South Sudan Negotiated Independence: A Critique of African Union's Role|journal=European Journal of Sustainable Development|volume=2|issue=3|pages=145–154|bibcode=2013EJSD....2..145S|doi=10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n3p145|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Clear}}

== Economy ==
{{main|Economy of the African Union}}

[[African Continental Free Trade Area|African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)]] nyɛla bɛ ni daa piligi shɛli ni tiŋgbana pihinu ni anahi tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu maa puuni ka di daabilim nyɛ din daa piligi Silimiin goli January dahin yini yuuni 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shendruk|first=Amanda|date=2020-12-31|title=The world's largest free trade area starts up on Jan. 1, 2021|url=https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|access-date=2021-01-04|website=Quartz|language=en|archive-date=4 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104075017/https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[African Export–Import Bank]], nyɛla din yɛn tabi sɔŋ ka bɛ piligi [[Pan-African Payment and Settlement System]]..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |title=Profile: African Union |date=1 July 2006 |access-date=10 July 2006 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060712034155/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |archive-date=12 July 2006 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Clear}}
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]]
(km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|title=The World Bank DataBank {{!}} Explore. Create. Share|website=databank.worldbank.org|access-date=4 February 2017|archive-date=7 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107162640/http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[List of countries by population|Population]]
{{UN_Population|Year}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |title=2015 Human Development Report |last=Office |first=Human Development Report |website=report.hdr.undp.org |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211223435/http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016 |title=The Fragile States Index 2016 {{!}} The Fund for Peace|website=fsi.fundforpeace.org|access-date=12 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204213240/http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016|archive-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2016 |last=e.V. |first=Transparency International |newspaper=transparency.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=30 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170130045244/http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/index/ |title=Index of Economic Freedom: Promoting Economic Opportunity and Prosperity by Country |website=www.heritage.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=29 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629215405/http://www.heritage.org/index/ |url-status=unfit }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016 |title=Vision of Humanity |website=static.visionofhumanity.org |access-date=12 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213091208/http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016|archive-date=13 February 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Press Freedom Index|WPFI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://rsf.org/en/ranking|title=2016 World Press Freedom Index {{!}} Reporters Without Borders|newspaper=RSF|access-date=12 February 2017|archive-date=1 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201195036/https://rsf.org/en/ranking|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |title=Democracy Index 2016 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224070253/http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |archive-date=24 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Country|Algeria}}
|2,381,741
|{{UN_Population|Algeria}}
|548,293,085,686
|13,823
|0.736
|78.3
|34
|50.06
|2.21
|41.69
|3.56
|-
|{{Country|Angola}}
|1,246,700
|{{UN_Population|Angola}}
|173,593,223,667
|6,938
|0.532
|90.5
|18
|48.94
|2.14
|39.89
|3.40
|-
|{{Country|Benin}}
|112,760
|{{UN_Population|Benin}}
|21,016,184,357
|1,932
|0.48
|78.9
|36
|59.31
|2.00
|28.97
|5.67
|-
|{{Country|Botswana}}
|566,730
|{{UN_Population|Botswana}}
|33,657,545,969
|14,876
|0.698
|63.5
|60
|71.07
|1.64
|22.91
|7.87
|-
|{{Country|Burkina Faso}}
|273,600
|{{UN_Population|Burkina Faso}}
|28,840,666,622
|1,593
|0.402
|89.4
|42
|59.09
|2.06
|22.66
|4.70
|-
|{{Country|Burundi}}
|25,680
|{{UN_Population|Burundi}}
|7,634,578,343
|300
|0.4
|100.7
|20
|53.91
|2.50
|54.10
|2.40
|-
|{{Country|Cape Verde}}
|4,030
|{{UN_Population|Cape Verde}}
|3,205,197,585
|6,158
|0.646
|71.5
|59
|66.46
|N/A
|19.82
|7.94
|-
|{{Country|Cameroon}}
|472,710
|{{UN_Population|Cameroon}}
|68,302,439,597
|2,926
|0.512
|97.8
|26
|54.18
|2.36
|40.53
|3.46
|-
|{{Country|Central African Republic}}
|622,980
|{{UN_Population|Central African Republic}}
|2,847,726,468
|581
|0.35
|112.1
|20
|45.23
|3.35
|33.60
|1.61
|-
|{{Country|Chad}}
|1,259,200
|{{UN_Population|Chad}}
|28,686,194,920
|2,044
|0.392
|110.1
|20
|46.33
|2.46
|40.59
|1.50
|-
|{{Country|Comoros}}
|1,861
|{{UN_Population|Comoros}}
|1,098,546,195
|1,393
|0.503
|83.8
|24
|52.35
|N/A
|24.33
|3.71
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Democratic Republic of the}}
|2,267,050
|{{UN_Population|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|56,920,935,460
|300
|0.433
|
|21
|46.38
|3.11
|50.97
|1.93
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Republic of the}}
|341,500
|{{UN_Population|Congo}}
|27,690,345,067
|5,993
|0.591
|92.2
|20
|42.80
|2.25
|35.84
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Djibouti}}
|23,180
|{{UN_Population|Djibouti}}
|2,911,406,226
|3,279
|0.47
|89.7
|30
|55.96
|2.29
|70.90
|2.83
|-
|{{Country|Egypt}}
|1,010,407
|{{UN_Population|Egypt}}
|1,173,000,000,000
|10,250
|0.69
|90.2
|34
|55.96
|2.57
|54.45
|3.31
|-
|{{Country|Equatorial Guinea}}
|28,050
|{{UN_Population|Equatorial Guinea}}
|32,317,928,931
|38,243
|0.587
|85.2
|N/A
|43.67
|1.94
|66.47
|1.70
|-
|{{Country|Eritrea}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |title=Eritrea |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121011902/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|101,000
|{{UN_Population|Eritrea}}
|8,845,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.391
|98.6
|18
|42.7
|2.46
|83.92
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Eswatini}}
|17,204
|{{UN_Population|Eswatini}}
|10,452,834,007
|8,122
|0.531
|87.6
|N/A
|59.65
|2.07
|52.37
|3.03
|-
|{{Country|Ethiopia}}
|1,104,300
|{{UN_Population|Ethiopia}}
|152,057,290,468
|1,530
|0.442
|97.2
|34
|51.52
|2.28
|45.13
|3.60
|-
|{{Country|Gabon}}
|257,670
|{{UN_Population|Gabon}}
|32,539,376,597
|18,860
|0.684
|72
|35
|58.96
|2.03
|32.20
|3.74
|-
|{{Country|Gambia, The}}
|10,120
|{{UN_Population|Gambia}}
|3,140,820,062
|1,578
|0.441
|86.8
|26
|57.14
|2.09
|46.53
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Ghana}}
|227,540
|{{UN_Population|Ghana}}
|108,393,071,924
|3,955
|0.579
|71.2
|43
|63.00
|1.81
|17.95
|6.75
|-
|{{Country|Guinea}}
|245,720
|{{UN_Population|Guinea}}
|14,316,884,358
|1,135
|0.411
|103.8
|27
|53.33
|2.15
|33.08
|3.14
|-
|{{Country|Guinea-Bissau}}
|28,120
|{{UN_Population|Guinea-Bissau}}
|2,521,743,682
|1,367
|0.42
|99.8
|16
|51.81
|2.26
|29.03
|1.98
|-
|{{Country|Ivory Coast}}
|318,000
|{{UN_Population|Ivory Coast}}
|74,916,780,423
|3,300
|0.462
|97.9
|34
|60.01
|2.28
|30.17
|3.81
|-
|{{Country|Kenya}}
|569,140
|{{UN_Population|Kenya}}
|133,592,522,053
|2,901
|0.548
|98.3
|26
|57.51
|2.38
|31.16
|5.33
|-
|{{Country|Lesotho}}
|30,360
|{{UN_Population|Lesotho}}
|5,914,437,068
|2,770
|0.497
|80.9
|39
|50.62
|1.94
|28.78
|6.59
|-
|{{Country|Liberia}}
|96,320
|{{UN_Population|Liberia}}
|3,533,313,381
|500
|0.43
|95.5
|37
|52.19
|2.00
|30.71
|5.31
|-
|{{Country|Libya}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya/ |title=Libya |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109235257/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,759,540
|{{UN_Population|Libya}}
|94,010,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|14,900&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.724
|96.4
|14
|N/A
|3.20
|57.89
|2.25
|-
|{{Country|Madagascar}}
|581,800
|{{UN_Population|Madagascar}}
|33,354,200,458
|1,376
|0.51
|84.2
|26
|61.06
|1.76
|27.04
|5.07
|-
|{{Country|Malawi}}
|94,280
|{{UN_Population|Malawi}}
|19,137,290,349
|1,112
|0.445
|87.6
|31
|51.8
|1.82
|28.12
|5.55
|-
|{{Country|Mali}}
|1,220,190
|{{UN_Population|Mali}}
|33,524,899,739
|1,905
|0.419
|95.2
|32
|56.54
|2.49
|39.83
|5.70
|-
|{{Country|Mauritania}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |title=Mauritania |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=7 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107034713/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,030,700
|{{UN_Population|Mauritania}}
|16,190,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|4,400&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.506
|95.4
|27
|54.8
|2.30
|24.03
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Mauritius}}
|2,030
|{{UN_Population|Mauritius}}
|23,817,914,134
|18,864
|0.777
|43.2
|54
|74.73
|1.56
|27.69
|8.28
|-
|{{Country|Morocco}}
|446,300
|{{UN_Population|Morocco}}
|257,398,957,178
|7,365
|0.628
|74.2
|37
|61.27
|2.09
|42.64
|4.77
|-
|{{Country|Mozambique}}
|786,380
|{{UN_Population|Mozambique}}
|31,326,751,237
|1,120
|0.416
|87.8
|27
|53.19
|1.96
|30.25
|4.02
|-
|{{Country|Namibia}}
|823,290
|{{UN_Population|Namibia}}
|24,043,436,006
|9,778
|0.628
|71.1
|52
|61.85
|1.87
|15.15
|6.31
|-
|{{Country|Niger}}
|1,266,700
|{{UN_Population|Niger}}
|17,857,377,171
|897
|0.348
|98.4
|35
|54.26
|2.24
|24.62
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Nigeria}}
|910,770
|{{UN_Population|Nigeria}}
|1,168,000,000,000
|5,639
|0.514
|103.5
|28
|57.46
|2.88
|35.90
|4.50
|-
|{{Country|Rwanda}}
|24,670
|{{UN_Population|Rwanda}}
|19,216,033,048
|1,655
|0.483
|91.3
|54
|63.07
|2.32
|54.61
|3.07
|-
|{{Country|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|960
|{{UN_Population|Sao Tome and Principe}}
|575,391,345
|3,023
|0.555
|72.9
|46
|56.71
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Senegal}}
|192,530
|{{UN_Population|Senegal}}
|34,398,281,018
|2,274
|0.466
|83.6
|45
|58.09
|1.98
|27.99
|6.21
|-
|{{Country|Seychelles}}
|460
|{{UN_Population|Seychelles}}
|2,384,515,771
|25,525
|0.772
|60.2
|N/A
|62.2
|N/A
|30.60
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sierra Leone}}
|72,180
|{{UN_Population|Sierra Leone}}
|9,511,431,824
|1,474
|0.413
|91
|30
|52.31
|1.81
|29.94
|4.55
|-
|{{Country|Somalia}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/ |title=Somalia |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=1 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701190026/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|627,340
|{{UN_Population|Somalia}}
|5,900,000,000&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|114
|10
|N/A
|3.41
|65.35
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|South Africa}}
|1,213,090
|{{UN_Population|South Africa}}
|742,461,000,000
|12,393
|0.666
|69.9
|45
|61.9
|2.32
|21.92
|7.41
|-
|{{Country|South Sudan}}
|619,745
|{{UN_Population|South Sudan}}
|21,484,823,398
|1,741
|0.467
|113.8
|11
|N/A
|3.59
|44.87
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sudan}}
|1,886,086
|{{UN_Population|Sudan}}
|165,813,461,495
|4,121
|0.479
|111.5
|14
|N/A
|3.27
|72.53
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Tanzania}}
|885,800
|{{UN_Population|United Republic of Tanzania}}
|130,297,806,032
|2,510
|0.521
|81.8
|32
|58.46
|1.90
|28.65
|5.76
|-
|{{Country|Togo}}
|54,390
|{{UN_Population|Togo}}
|10,018,697,437
|1,372
|0.484
|85.8
|32
|53.64
|1.95
|30.31
|3.32
|-
|{{Country|Tunisia}}
|155,360
|{{UN_Population|Tunisia}}
|121,200,025,401
|10,770
|0.721
|74.6
|41
|57.55
|1.95
|31.60
|6.40
|-
|{{Country|Uganda}}
|200,520
|{{UN_Population|Uganda}}
|67,856,334,117
|1,738
|0.483
|97.7
|25
|59.26
|2.15
|32.58
|5.26
|-
|{{Country|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 June 2007 |title=Western Sahara |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|266,000
|{{UN_Population|Western Sahara}}
|906,500,000&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2,500&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Zambia}}
|743,390
|{{UN_Population|Zambia}}
|58,400,082,027
|3,602
|0.586
|86.3
|38
|58.79
|1.78
|35.08
|5.99
|-
|{{Country|Zimbabwe}}
|386,850
|{{UN_Population|Zimbabwe}}
|26,180,942,292
|500
|0.509
|100.5
|22
|38.23
|2.32
|40.41
|3.05
|-
|'''{{noflag|African Union}}'''
|30,370,000
|{{UN_Population|Africa}}
|5,457,724,064,668
|4,602
|0.524&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|88.99&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|31.51&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|55.55&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2.27
|37.89
|4.30
|-
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]] (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015
![[List of countries by population|Population]] {{UN_Population|Year}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016
![[Reporters Without Borders|WPFI]]
2016
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016
|}

== Lihimi m-pahi ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Africa Adaptation Initiative]]
* [[African Century]]
* [[African Peer Review Mechanism]]
* [[African Renaissance]]
* [[African Standby Force]]
* [[African Unification Front]]
* [[Africanisation]]
* [[Central Asian Union]]
* [[East African Federation]]
* [[Ezulwini agreement]]
* [[Friends of the African Union]]
* [[Indigenous peoples of Africa]]
* [[List of country groupings]]
* [[List of multilateral free-trade agreements]]
* [[Climate adaptation|Prevention of environmental migration]]
* [[Pan-Africanism]]
* [[Pan-African Women's Organization]]
{{div col end}}

== Noosi ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==Kundivihira==
=== Sources ===
{{Reflist}}

=== General and cited references ===
{{Library resources box}}
* [https://web.archive.org</text>
      <sha1>sqjoldcmkkwc0xj4kol7coxbn60cv0p</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>115032</id>
      <parentid>115031</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-09T13:52:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdul Rahman Abdul Kudus</username>
        <id>5829</id>
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      <text bytes="98020" sha1="i6lyri5fehrz3edc408kkd9vy4wbkyp" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Continental union of African states}}
{{For|the predecessor organisation|Organisation of African Unity}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox geopolitical organisation
| conventional_long_name = African Union
| native_name            = {{Name in various languages
 | name = {{nobold|''(in other official languages)''}}
 | ar = الاتحاد الأفريقي
 | fr = Union africaine
 | pt = União Africana
 | es = Unión Africana
 | sw = Umoja wa Afrika
 }}
| linking_name           = the African Union
| image_flag             = Flag of the African Union.svg
| alt_flag               = Flag of the African Union
| alt_symbol             = 
| symbol_width           = 85px
| motto                  = &quot;A United and Strong Africa&quot;
| anthem                 = &quot;[[Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html |title=African Union anthem, etc |publisher=Africamasterweb.com |access-date=26 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915041714/http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html | archive-date=15 September 2015 | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{center|}}{{Align|center| |style=margin-top:0em}}
| image_map              = Map of the African Union with Suspended States.svg
| alt_map                = An [[Orthographic projection (cartography)|orthographic projection]] of [[Earth|the world]], highlighting the African Union and its member states (green).
| map_width              = 220px
| map_caption            = {{legend2|#2A5C2B|Member states}}&lt;br /&gt;{{legend2|#00D500|Suspended states}}
| org_type               = [[Continental union]]
| membership_type        = Membership
| membership             = {{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
 |title = [[Member states of the African Union|55 member states]]
|{{flag|Algeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Angola|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Benin|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Botswana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Burkina Faso|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp|Suspended}}
|{{flag|Burundi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cameroon|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cape Verde|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Central African Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Chad|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Comoros|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Djibouti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Egypt|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eritrea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eswatini|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ethiopia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Gabon|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Gambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ghana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Guinea|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ivory Coast|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kenya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Lesotho|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Liberia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Libya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Madagascar|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Malawi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mali|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Mauritania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mauritius|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Morocco|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mozambique|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Namibia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Niger|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Nigeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Rwanda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sahrawi Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Senegal|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Seychelles|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sierra Leone|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Somalia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Africa|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Sudan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sudan|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Tanzania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Togo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Tunisia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Uganda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zimbabwe|size=23px}}
}}
{{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
|title = 9 observer states
|{{flag|Haiti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kazakhstan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Latvia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mexico|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Palestine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Serbia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Turkey|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ukraine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates|size=23px}}
}}
| admin_center_type      = Political centres
| admin_center           = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Addis Ababa]]&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;}} |{{nowrap|[[Johannesburg]]&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;}}}}
| largest_settlement_type = urban agglomerations
| largest_city           = 
| largest_settlement     = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Cairo]]}} |{{nowrap|[[Lagos]]}}}}
| languages_type         = Official languages
| languages              = {{hlist | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] | [[English language|English]] | [[French language|French]] | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]]  | [[Swahili language|Swahili]] | and any other [[Languages of Africa|African language]]&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;}}
| demonym                = African
| leader_title1          = [[Chairperson of the African Union|Chairperson]]
| leader_name1           = [[João Lourenço]]
| leader_title2          = [[Chairperson of the African Union Commission|Commission Chairperson]]
| leader_name2           = [[Mahamoud Ali Youssouf]]
| leader_title3          = [[Pan-African Parliament#Presidents of the Pan-African Parliament|Parliamentary President]]
| leader_name3           = [[Fortune Z. Charumbira]]
| legislature            = [[Pan-African Parliament]]
| established_event1     = [[Organisation of African Unity|OAU Charter]]
| established_date1      = 25 May 1963
| established_event2     = [[Abuja Treaty]]
| established_date2      = 3 June 1991
| established_event3     = [[Sirte Declaration]]
| established_date3      = 9 September 1999
| established_event4     = African Union founded
| established_date4      = {{start date and age|2002|07|09}}
| established_event5     = [[History of South Sudan|Admission of]] [[South Sudan]]
| established_date5      = 9 July 2011
| established_event6     = [[Member states of the African Union|Admission of]] [[Morocco]]
| established_date6      = 31 January 2017
| established_event7     = [[African Continental Free Trade Area]] (AfCFTA)
| established_date7      = 1 January 2021
| area_km2               = 29,922,059&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2016&quot;&gt;Corresponds to the terrestrial surface. Including the [[Exclusive Economic Zones]] of each member state, the total area is 43 434 569&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 1,494,988,668{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $8.990 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO/WEOWORLD/IDN/AFQ.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668%2C672%2C612%2C614%2C674%2C676%2C678%2C682%2C684%2C638%2C686%2C688%2C616%2C728%2C748%2C618%2C624%2C692%2C694%2C622%2C626%2C628%2C632%2C636%2C634%2C662%2C611%2C714%2C716%2C469%2C722%2C642%2C643%2C718%2C724%2C734%2C644%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C652%2C732%2C656%2C654%2C738%2C742%2C744%2C746%2C664%2C754%2C666%2C698&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |access-date=8 February 2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714135232/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668,672,612,614,674,676,678,682,684,638,686,688,616,728,748,618,624,692,694,622,626,628,632,636,634,662,611,714,716,469,722,642,643,718,724,734,644,726,646,199,648,733,652,732,656,654,738,742,744,746,664,754,666,698&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,LP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion|Excluding Western Sahara due to lack of data}}
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2024
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $6,330&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal            = {{decrease}} $2.81 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion}}
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2024
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{decrease}} $1,960&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.577
| HDI_year               = 2020
| cctld                  = [[.africa]]
| footnotes              = {{unbulleted list |&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[African Union Commission]]. |&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[Pan-African Parliament]].}}
| official_website       = {{URL|https://au.int}}
| area_rank              = 
| today                  = 
}}

'''African Union''' ('''AU''') nyɛla tiŋgbani bɔbugu laɣingu zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu&lt;ref name=&quot;UIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100033436 |url-access= |title=African Union (AU) |author1=Staff writer |year=2025 |department=UIA Global Civil Society Database |website=uia.org |publisher=[[Union of International Associations]] |agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online |location=Brussels, Belgium |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date=8 January 2025 |via= |quote= |trans-quote= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Member States AU-UN |url=https://www.africanunion-un.org/memberstates |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka nyɛ din be [[Africa]]. AU nyɛla bɛ ni daa niŋ shɛli laɣngu Sirte Declaration din be Sirte, Libya Silimiin goli September yuuni 1999, ka bɛ niya daa nyɛ bɛ kpa African Union. Bɛ daa piligi li Silimiin goli July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002  Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_&amp;_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union,%209%20July%202002.htm |title=Launch of the African Union, 9 July 2002: Address by the chairperson of the AU, President Thabo Mbeki |first=Thabo |last=Mbeki |date=9 July 2002 |publisher=africa-union.org |location=ABSA Stadium, Durban, South Africa |access-date=8 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503210549/http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_%26_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union%2C%209%20July%202002.htm |archive-date=3 May 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ daa mali lala niya ni AU nyɛla di ni tooi zani Organisation of African Unity (OAU) zani, di nyɛla bɛ ni daa kpa shɛli Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1963 ka di ni daa piligi shɛli nyɛ Addis Ababa, gomnantinima pihita ni ayi nyɛ ban daa dihi bɛ nuhi gbana zuɣu zaŋ n-ti li; OAU ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa kari shɛli Silimiin goli  July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002 Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;/&gt; 

African Union ŋɔ nyɛla din mali salo ban kalinli gari 1.3 &quot;billion&quot; ka di tiŋgbani galisim paai kamani  {{convert|30|e6km2|e6sqmi|sigfig=2|abbr=unit}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Manboah-Rockson |first1=Joseph |title=Politics &amp; the Struggle for Democracy in Ghana: An Introduction to Political Science |date=23 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Balli shɛŋa din be di ni nyɛ  Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, n-ti pahi Swahili.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://au.int/en/about/languages |title=AU Languages |access-date=2 May 2021 |publisher=African Union |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407001442/https://au.int/en/about/languages |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

G20 (Group of 20) laɣingu din daa niŋ New Delhi, [[India]] yuuni 2023, African Union nyɛla ban daa kpɛ G20.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=September 9, 2023 |title=African Union made permanent member of G20 at Delhi summit |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/09/african-union-made-permanent-member-of-g20-at-delhi-summit |access-date=December 12, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Overview ==
African Union niyanima n-nyɛ:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Constitutive Act|url=https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415235637/https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|archive-date=15 April 2020|access-date=2 May 2021|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;

# Di ʒi nangbanyini din mali yaa na, taba laɣimbu ni Africa tinsi mini [[Africa|African]] tingbana taba puu biɛri taba zuɣu.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi maŋsulinsi, tiŋgbana taba shebu ni tiŋgbani din kam be din ni maŋsulinsi.
# Ni di kpaŋsi siyaasa mini biɛhigu-daabiligu laɣimbu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋgbana taba sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 November 2024|title=Evolution of Geopolitical Dynamics in Africa|url=https://www.guambia.com.uy/67/evolution-of-geopolitical-dynamics-in-africa/2312/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=Guambia}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The New Power Play in Africa: Russia, China, and the Shifting Sands of Influence|url=https://kcsgroup.com/the-new-power-play-in-africa-russia-china-and-the-shifting-sands-of-influence/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=KCS Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ni di kpaŋsi ka gu ka taɣi [[Africa|African]] zaashee zaŋ chaŋ bɛ suhuyurilim polo di tiŋgbani yaɣa mini di niriba sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi daabiligu tiŋgban sunsuuni, ka mali Charter of the United Nations mini Universal Declaration of Human Rights tumdi tuma.
# Ni di kpaŋsi suhudoo, niriba gubu, ni tiŋgbani yaɣa zanibu chibi.
# Ni di kmpaŋsi maŋsulinsi zalisi, ni gɔmnanti tali din niŋ dede.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi ninsalinima mini niriba fukumsi din be African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights ni mini &quot;human rights instruments&quot; yaɣa din niŋ talahi.
# Ni di zali zalisi din kpa talahi ka che ka tiŋgbani yaɣa maa tumdi di tuma dunia daabiligu ni ni shaawara gbaabu tiŋgbana sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim din nyɛ soha-biɛɣuni dini zaŋti daabiligu,biɛhigu ni kaya ni taɣada biɛhigu ni Africa daabiligu yaɣa zaŋ laɣim taba.
# Ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ninsalisili yaɣa kam n duhi biɛri suŋ Africanima sunsuuni.
# To coordinate and harmonise the policies between the existing and future [[Regional Economic Communities]] for the gradual attainment of the objectives of the Union.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim tiŋgbana yaɣa maa ni din dalim vihigu niŋbu, di bahi bahindi tabiibi mini tabiibi zaŋ tum tuma.
# Ni di mini tiŋgbana laɣim tum n-kpihim dɔriti din mali taɣibu mini alaafee kpaŋsibu tiŋgbana ni.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm Africa-union.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604051527/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm|date=4 June 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
{{Main|History of the African Union|History of Africa}}

African Union taarihi pilila &quot;'''First Congress of Independent African States&quot;''', din daa niŋ [[Accra]], [[Ghana]] bini din gbaai Anashaara goli April biɛɣu pinaanu zaŋ chaŋ biɛɣu pishinaayi yuuni 1958. Laɣingu maa niya daa nyɛla di kpa [[Africa Day]], n-ti tabili [[Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU), din daa kpa Anashaara goli May biɛɣu pishinaanu yuuni 1963, ni [[African Economic Community]] yuuni 1991.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210205406/http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may|date=10 December 2018}} South African History Online (SAHO), 15 May 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ansarisi maaniba daa ŋme nangbankpeeni ni OAU ka nuu timbu shɛli ninsalilnima fukumsi ni .&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2115736&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Reynolds|first=Paul|date=8 July 2002|title=African Union replaces dictators' club|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601025542/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|archive-date=1 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tɛha din tahi AU kpabu na nyɛla din daa labi niŋ nyɛvuli 1990s sunsuuni Libyan tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Muammar al-Gaddafi]] saha;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Adebajo|first=Adekeye|date=2011-08-26|title=Gaddafi: the man who would be king of Africa|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011605/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Guardian|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbana zuɣulana mini kpɛma zaŋti OAU daa yina ni [[Sirte Declaration]] (bɛ ni daa zaŋ Sirte, Libya yuli boli shɛli) Anashaara goli September dabaa awɔi yuuni 1999, ka daa ŋmeri kuŋ bɔri African Union nambu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-12-05|title=The African Union After Gaddafi|url=http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410172928/http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|archive-date=10 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 10, 2001|title=African leaders elect OAU boss|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414032647/https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-08-27|title=New Partnership for Africa's Development – NEPAD {{!}} Poverty Eradication|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419153619/https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html|archive-date=19 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=www.un.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

African Union suuna daa niŋla [[Durban]] Anashaara goli July dabaa awɔi yuuni 2002 ni di tuuli ʒia kuɣulana, South Africa tiŋgbani zuɣulana kuro [[Thabo Mbeki]], Assembly of the African Union tuuli yaɣili ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-11-18|title=The African Union is launched|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416010303/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|archive-date=16 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=Africa Renewal|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Assembly yaɣili din pahiri ayi daa niŋla [[Maputo]] yuuni 2003 ka din pahiri ata daa niŋ [[Addis Ababa]] Anashaara goli July dabaa ayɔbu yuuni 2004.

Tum yuuni 2010, African Union daa mali niya ni di kpa &quot;African [[space agency]]&quot; laɣim taba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=5 September 2010|title=Africa prepares to join the big boys in the space race|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116213335/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|archive-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=6 September 2012|title=Sudanese president calls for African space agency|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102203403/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|archive-date=2 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=11 September 2012|title=Africa eyes joint space agency|url=http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021070210/http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|archive-date=21 October 2013|access-date=21 October 2013|publisher=Phys.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Ezigbo|first1=Onyebuchi|last2=Okpara|first2=Lois|date=9 August 2010|title=AU to Establish African Space Agency|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212084442/http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|archive-date=12 February 2014|access-date=11 December 2015|publisher=All Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Barack Obama]] n daa nyɛ tuuli United States tiŋgbani zuɣulana ŋun ʒi gbana ni ka di alizama African Union ni Addis Ababa Anashaara goli July biɛɣu pihita yini ka dali yuuni 2015. O daa alizama dibu ni, o daa kpaŋsiya ni dunisnims laɣindi niŋdi daabiligu ka tabiri sɔŋdi shikuru baŋsim tooni chandi ni, ni lɛbiginsim mini dahi yɛligibu. Amaa, o daa lahi galim suhuyurilim ni ka tiŋgbani shɛŋa ni mini gɔmnantinima ban zaɣisi sheebu ni, ban bi galisi gaŋbu (n-ti tabili ninuɣ'shɛba ban be [[LGBT]] ni, adiininima mini laɣinsi zuliyanima ni) ni kɔriŋ fahili.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Carol E.|date=28 July 2015|title=Obama Becomes First U.S. President to Address African Union|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|url-status=live|access-date=29 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729094216/http://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|archive-date=29 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 July 2015|title=Remarks by President Obama to the People of Africa|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120220442/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|archive-date=20 January 2017|access-date=29 July 2015|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|via=[[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Treaties ===
{{AU evolution timeline}}

== Siyaasa ==

:
; Financial institutions

* [[African Central Bank]] – [[Abuja]], Nigeria
* [[African Investment Bank]] – [[Tripoli, Libya]]
* [[African Monetary Fund]] – [[Yaoundé]], Cameroon

Lala tuma duri ŋɔ na bi kpa; amaa, komitiinima ban be di kpabu ni nyɛla bɛ ni piigi shɛba. Lal n-nyɛli,  AU malila niya ni di diri laɣ'yini ([[Afro (currency)|Afro]]).

; Alaafee
: [[Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention]] (Africa CDC), daa kpala yuuni 2016 ka di suuna niŋ yuuni 2017. Di tuma du'zuɣuri be la Addis Ababa Ethiopia.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int-2017-01-31&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-01-31|title=Africa CDC Official Launch|url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630023917/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-date=30 June 2018|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb.int-2017-02-02&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-02-02|title=The African Union launches Africa CDC, a Continent-wide Public Health Agency|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180037/https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|work=[[Reliefweb]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc.gov-2017-07-27&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-07-27|title=Africa CDC: Improving Disease Detection and Emergency Response on the African Continent|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180936/https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Inspection visit to Africa CDC Headquarters building site|url=https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205114846/https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|archive-date=5 February 2022|access-date=2022-02-05|website=Africa CDC|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; Ninsalinima fukumsi
: [[African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights]], nyɛla din beni tum yuuni 1986, di be la [[African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights]] fukumsi ni (African Charter) amaa ka ni Constitutive Act of the African Union.
; Polo
: [[African Space Agency]] nyɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2023. Di tuma du'zuɣu be la Cairo.
; Yaa
: [[African Energy Commission]] daa nYɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2008, ka be Algiers.

=== Tiŋgbana din be din ni ===
{{Main|Member states of the African Union}}

[[Member states of the United Nations|UN member states]] din be Africa mini African islands zaa bela AU, ka nyɛ yaɣ'shɛli din tabi [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] (SADR). [[Morocco]] daa yila Organisation of African Unity ni yuuni 1984 ka di nyɛla SADR sulinsi ni ka di daa be, ka di tiŋgbani yaɣili [[Western Sahara]] daa zaŋli kpehi di maŋsulinsi ni.  AU daa lahi labi deei li Anashaara goli January biɛɣu pihita yuuni 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;worldbulletin&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=30 January 2017|title=Morocco rejoins African Union|publisher=Worldbulletin|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|url-status=usurped|access-date=31 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720013737/http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|archive-date=20 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Somaliland]], din nyɛ [[Somalia]] ni deei shɛli, daa sabi gbaŋ ti ni di kpe AU yuuni 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nelson&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Nelson, Elizabeth A.|title=Regional Politics and State Secession|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|year=2021|isbn=978-1-83910-377-3|pages=105}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mali nyɛla bɛ nin daa naa yihi shɛba African Union ni saha biɛla sunsuuni Anashaara goli 19 August 2020 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu niŋ naai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=African Union suspends Mali following coup|work=Agence France-Presse, Reuters|publisher=Deutsche Welle|url=https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913003040/https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|archive-date=13 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anashaara goli 9 October lala yuuni ŋɔ yaha, [[Peace and Security Council]] zaŋti African Union daa paai lala yihibu fukumsi ŋɔ Mali zuɣi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union lifts Mali's suspension imposed in the wake of coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009202811/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|archive-date=9 October 2020|access-date=2020-10-09|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Bɛ daa lahi labi zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa tiŋgbani maa zuɣu Anashaara goli June dahin yini dali yuuni 2021, di sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu ni daa lahi niŋ chira awɔi sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2 June 2021|title=African Union announces 'immediate suspension' of Mali after second coup|work=France 24, Reuters, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912141924/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lala fukumsi ŋɔ daa pani Guinea gba zuɣu African Union ni ANashaara goli September biɛɣu pia dali yuuni 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Alpha Condé]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=10 September 2021|title=African Union suspends Guinea after coup, as envoys arrive for talks|work=France 24, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912022912/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sudan gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pani shɛli zuɣu Anashaara goli 27 October 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmananti shee tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Abdalla Hamdok]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union suspends Sudan over coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027130242/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|archive-date=27 October 2021|access-date=2021-10-27|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Burkina Faso gba nyɛla lala fukumsi ŋɔ ni daa pani shɛli zuɣu African Union ni bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu Anashaara goli 31 January 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AU suspends Burkina Faso after coup as envoys head for talks|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062926/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|archive-date=23 December 2022|access-date=2022-01-31|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nige gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛba zuɣu Anashaara goli 22 August 2023 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣula [[Mohamed Bazoum]]; tum din saha ka [[2023 Nigerien crisis]] pili.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2023-08-22|title=African Union suspends participation of Niger following coup|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|url-status=live|access-date=2023-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906024202/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|archive-date=6 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gabon gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛli zuɣu 31 August 2023 bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmananti sheei [[Ali Bongo Ondimba]] nyaaŋa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Newspaper|first=The Peninsula|date=2023-08-31|title=African Union says to 'immediately suspend' Gabon after coup|url=https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902185942/http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|archive-date=2 September 2023|access-date=2023-08-31|website=thepeninsulaqatar.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{TOC limit|3}}


== Members ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{DZA}}
* {{AGO}}
* {{BEN}}
* {{BWA}}
* {{BFA}} (suspended)
* {{BDI}}
* {{CMR}}
* {{CPV}}
* {{CAF}}
* {{TCD}}
* {{COM}}
* {{COD}}
* {{COG}}
* {{DJI}}
* {{EGY}}
* {{GNQ}}
* {{ERI}}
* {{SWZ}}
* {{ETH}}
* {{GAB}}
* {{GMB}}
* {{GHA}}
* {{GIN}} (suspended)
* {{GNB}}
* {{CIV}}
* {{KEN}}
* {{LSO}}
* {{LBR}}
* {{LBY}}
* {{MDG}}
* {{MWI}}
* {{MLI}} (suspended)
* {{MRT}}
* {{MUS}}
* {{MAR}}
* {{MOZ}}
* {{NAM}}
* {{NER}} (suspended)
* {{NGA}}
* {{RWA}}
* {{SADR}}
* {{STP}}
* {{SEN}}
* {{SYC}}
* {{SLE}}
* {{SOM}}
* {{ZAF}}
* {{SSD}}
* {{SDN}} (suspended)
* {{TZA}}
* {{TGO}}
* {{TUN}}
* {{UGA}}
* {{ZMB}}
* {{ZWE}}
{{div col end}}

==== Observers ====
* {{HAI}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Haiti Will Not Join the African Union |url=https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |website=Haiti Hub |access-date=22 June 2023 |date=22 May 2016 |archive-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622142803/https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ISR}} (suspended as of February 2023)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|title=African Union says Israel's observer status suspended|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908195006/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |author=((i24NEWS)) |date=2022-02-06 |title=Israel dispute erupts at African Union summit |language=en |work=Ynetnews |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |access-date=2022-02-06 |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151241/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{KAZ}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstan's Observer status at the African Union: What Does It Mean for Africa? |url=https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=www.igd.org.za |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327081029/https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{LAT}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-01-11|url=http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|title=Latvia becomes observer to African Union|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia]]|website=www.mfa.gov.lv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918030201/http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|archive-date=18 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{MEX}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-06-18 |title=Chairperson Receives the Credentials of the First Permanent Observer of Mexico to the African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |website=au.int |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901115222/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|Palestine}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-05-27 |title=AU grants Palestine observer status |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |publisher=[[Egypt Independent]] |first=Fathya |last=el-Dakhakhni |website=egyptindependent.com |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=29 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229042151/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{SRB}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 January 2014|language=sr-latn|title=Mrkić na samitu u Adis Abebi|url=https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|website=b92.net|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=16 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071458/https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{TUR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-11 |title=What's driving Turkey's commercial &amp; military relations with Africa? |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en-US |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151227/https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{UKR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-06-22 |title=Ukraine has obtained the observer status in the African Union |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] |website=mfa.gov.ua |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071456/https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ARE}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chairperson Receives Credentials of the Permanent Observer of the United Arab Emirates. {{!}} African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=au.int |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151252/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== African Union tuma ====
{{Supranational African Bodies|align=right|size=500px}}Yuuni 1980 [[Lagos Plan of Action for the Development of Africa]] mini yuuni 1991 varisigu ni African Economic Community kpabu (bɛ ni lahi booni shɛli Abuja Treaty), daa yina ni tɛha din nyɛ [[Regional Economic Communities]] (RECs) kpabu ni niŋ binshɛli din yɛn laɣim Africa taba.&lt;ref&gt;See note on [https://web.archive.org/web/20040906140832/http://www.dfa.gov.za/docs/2003/au0815.htm The Role of the Regional Economic Communities (RECs) as the Building Blocks of the African Union] prepared by the South African Department of Foreign Affairs.&lt;/ref&gt;

Saha ŋɔ, RECs dibaa anii m-be AU. Din nima n-nyɛ:

* [[Arab Maghreb Union]] (AMU)
* [[Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa]] (COMESA)
* [[Community of Sahel-Saharan States]] (CEN-SAD)
* [[East African Community]] (EAC)
* [[Economic Community of Central African States]] (ECCAS)
* [[Economic Community of West African States]] (ECOWAS)
* [[Intergovernmental Authority on Development]] (IGAD)
* [[Southern Africa Development Community]] (SADC)&lt;ref&gt;Decision on the Protocol on Relations between the African Union and the Regional Economic Communities (RECs), Assembly/AU/Dec.166 (IX).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=President of Mauritania Elected as New Chairperson of AU|url=https://www.ena.et/web/eng/w/eng_4033947}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of chairpersons ==
{{main|Chairperson of the African Union}}
[[File:Jakaya Kikwete and Muammar al-Gaddafi, 12th AU Summit, 090202-N-0506A-678.jpg|thumb|left|[[Muammar Gaddafi]] embracing Tanzanian President [[Jakaya Kikwete|Kikwete]] after assuming the chairmanship]]
{{Clear|left}}

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-valign=top
|+Chairpersons of the African Union
|-
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Name
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Beginning of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|End of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Country
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Thabo Mbeki]]
|9 July 2002
|10 July 2003
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Joaquim Chissano]]
|10 July 2003
|6 July 2004
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Olusegun Obasanjo]]
|6 July 2004
|24 January 2006
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]]
|24 January 2006
|24 January 2007
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[John Kufuor]]
|30 January 2007
|31 January 2008
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Jakaya Kikwete]]
|31 January 2008
|2 February 2009
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Muammar al-Gaddafi]]
|2 February 2009
|31 January 2010
|{{flagdeco|Libya|1977}} [[Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|Libya]]
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Bingu wa Mutharika]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE60U05O20100131l Gaddafi fails in bid to remain African Union chair], Reuters, 31 January 2010 {{Dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20111230205627/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g8cvj3048f4WEB6UQuim80MKqhVA Malawi president takes over as AU president], AFP, 31 January 2010&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2010
|31 January 2011
|{{flag|Malawi|2010}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography According to the AU] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006153642/http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography |date=6 October 2011 }}, his official style is ''Son Excellence Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Président de la République, Chef de l'État et Président Fondateur du Parti Démocratique de Guinée Equatoriale'' {{in lang|fr}}. Retrieved 4 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2011
|29 January 2012
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Yayi Boni]]
|29 January 2012
|27 January 2013
|{{flag|Benin}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Hailemariam Desalegn]]
|27 January 2013
|30 January 2014
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz]]
|30 January 2014
|30 January 2015
|{{flag|Mauritania|1959}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Robert Mugabe]]
|30 January 2015
|30 January 2016
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Idriss Déby]]
|30 January 2016
|30 January 2017
|{{flag|Chad}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Alpha Condé]]
|30 January 2017
|28 January 2018
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Paul Kagame]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |title=President Paul Kagame, Elected as New Chairperson of the African Union for the year 2018 - African Union |website=au.int |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205134722/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|28 January 2018
|10 February 2019
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]]
|10 February 2019
|10 February 2020
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |title=South Africa takes over as AU chair: What to expect |website=aljazeera.com |access-date=12 February 2020 |archive-date=12 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212104846/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|10 February 2020
|10 February 2021
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Félix Tshisekedi]]
|10 February 2021
|5 February 2022
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Macky Sall]]
|5 February 2022
|18 February 2023
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Azali Assoumani]]
|18 February 2023
|17 February 2024
|{{flag|Comoros}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Ghazouani]]
|17 February 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|}

=== African Union summits ===
[[File:Niger, Niamey, Boulevard Mali Béro (2)(Rue IB-56).jpg|thumb|300px|left|Billboard in Niamey (Niger) announcing the 33rd AU Summit (2019)]]
{{Clear}}
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
|-
!width=155px| Session
! Host country
! Host city
! Date
! Theme
! Notes
|-
| 37th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|17 February 2024|format=d}}–{{dts|18 February 2024}}|| &quot;Educate and Skill Africa for the 21st Century&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://au.int/en/summit/37 | title=African Union &amp;#124; an Integrated, Prosperous and Peaceful Africa }}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 36th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|18 February 2023|format=d}}–{{dts|19 February 2023}}|| || 
|-
| 35th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 February 2022|format=d}}–{{dts|6 February 2022}}|| ||
|-
| 34th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|6 February 2021|format=d}}–{{dts|7 February 2021}}|| ||
|-
| 33rd&lt;ref name=development&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|title=The 33rd AU Summit kicks off with the 39th Session of the Permanent Representatives Committee &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121172202/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|9 February 2020|format=d}}–{{dts|10 February 2020}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|title=33rd AU Summit : Online accreditation for Journalists now open &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203234748/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;||&quot;Silencing the guns: creating conducive conditions for Africa's development&quot;&lt;ref name=development /&gt;||Agreement for [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]] to become operational in July 2020.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore /&gt; Agreements to reduce gender gap and inequality and to &quot;silence guns&quot; on the continent.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|title=South African President Cyril Ramaphosa elected African Union Chairperson as continent vows to 'silence the guns', boost trade and close gender gap|work=Today News Africa|access-date=2 May 2021|date=9 February 2020|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216015953/https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 12th Extraordinary Summit on [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]]&lt;ref name=extra12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705085754/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Niger}}||[[Niamey]]|| {{dts|4 July 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2019}} || &quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot; || Launch of the [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]]
|- 
| 32nd&lt;ref name=&quot;summit32&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=32nd AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/32 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806201405/https://au.int/en/summit/32 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|10 February 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|11 February 2019}}||&quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot;||
|-
| 11th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra11&gt;{{cite web |title=11th Extraordinary Summit Summary of Key Decisions |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |website=African Union |access-date=22 January 2020 |date=18 November 2018 |archive-date=22 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122180323/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 November 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|18 November 2018}}|| || Agreement reached on reorganisation AU Commission&lt;ref name=extra11 /&gt;
|-
| 31st&lt;ref name=&quot;summit31&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=31st AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/31 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708203337/https://au.int/en/summit/31 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mauritania}}||[[Nouakchott]]|| {{dts|25 June 2018|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra10&gt;{{cite web |title=10th Extraordinary Session of the Assembly on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708005309/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]]|| {{dts|17 March 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|21 March 2018}}|| &quot;Creating One African Market&quot; || Agreement reached on the AfCFTA
|-
| 30th&lt;ref name=summit30&gt;{{cite web |title=30th AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/30 |access-date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=22 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322020614/https://au.int/en/summit/30 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|29 January 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 29th&lt;ref name=summit29&gt;{{cite web |title=29th AU summit |date=5 July 2017 |url=https://au.int/en/summit/29 |access-date=15 November 2017 |archive-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116034051/https://au.int/en/summit/29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 June 2017|format=dm}} – {{dts|4 July 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; ||
|-
| 28th&lt;ref name=summit28&gt;{{cite web |title=28th AU summit |date=30 January 2017 |url=https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |access-date=31 January 2017 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202063411/https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2017|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; || Morocco rejoins the AU after 33 years
|-
| 27th&lt;ref name=summit27&gt;{{cite web |title=27th AU summit |date=July 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=7 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007033940/http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]] || {{dts|10 July 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|18 July 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot; || Launch of [[African Union Passport]]
|-
| 26th&lt;ref name=summit26&gt;{{cite web |title=26th AU summit |date=January 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/26 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=29 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929114302/http://au.int/en/summit/26 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot;||
|-
| [[Third India-Africa Forum Summit]] || {{flag|India}} || [[New Delhi]] || {{dts|26 October 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|29 October 2015}} || &quot;Reinvigorated Partnership—Shared Vision&quot; ||
|-
| 25th&lt;ref name=summit25&gt;{{cite web |title=25th AU summit |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002150945/http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=25th African Union Summit in Johannesburg – African Union Commission media information |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215016/http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Johannesburg]] || {{dts|7 June 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|15 June 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; || Featured Angelina Jolie&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=A Call for Global Support in Ending Women's Violence Done by Angelina Jolie |publisher=Newwatch NGR |url=http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |website=newswatchngr.com |date=February 2016 |access-date=23 February 2016 |archive-date=23 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223171129/http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 24th&lt;ref name=summit24&gt;{{cite web |title=24th AU summit |date=January 2015 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624103215/http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-date=24 June 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–Turkey Summit|| {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|19 November 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|21 November 2014}}|| &quot;A New Model of Partnership to Enhance a Sustainable Development and Integration of Africa&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Second Turkey-Africa Partnership Summit |date=November 2014 |url=http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225225133/http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Africa Turkey 2014 |date=November 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095901/http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 23rd&lt;ref name=summit23&gt;{{cite web |title=23rd AU summit |date=June 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709071223/http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-date=9 July 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|20 June 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|27 June 2014}}|| &quot;Year of Agriculture and food security&quot; ||
|-
| 22nd&lt;ref name=summit22&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd AU summit |date=January 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214161520/http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-date=14 February 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd Ordinary Session of the Summit of the African Union |date=January 2014 |url=http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214002039/http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-date=14 February 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2014}}|| &quot;Year Agriculture and food security, Marking 10th Anniversary of the Adoption of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP)&quot; ||
|-
| Extraordinary Summit on the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&lt;ref name=summiticc&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Extraordinary Summit on ICC |date=October 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220184942/http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-date=20 December 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]
| {{dts|11 October 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|12 October 2013}}|| &quot;Africa's Relationship with the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&quot; || This was in regards to the ICC's non-adherence to AU calls to drop certain charges against sitting leaders and claims that it was disproportionally targeting Africans.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |title=Kenya pushing for African split from International Criminal Court |newspaper=[[Irish Times]] |access-date=30 January 2014 |archive-date=28 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928170024/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 21st&lt;ref name=summit21&gt;{{cite web |title=21st AU summit |date=May 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701003301/http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-date=1 July 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|19 May 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|27 May 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; || 50th Anniversary of the Establishment of the [[Organisation of African Unity]]
|-
| 20th&lt;ref name=summit20&gt;{{cite web |title=20th AU summit |date=January 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509094507/http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-date=9 May 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 January 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|28 January 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; ||
|-
| Diaspora Summit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Global Africa Diaspora Summit |date=May 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916162142/http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-date=16 September 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Sandton, South Africa|Sandton]] || {{dts|23 May 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2012}}|| &quot;Towards the Realisation of a United and Integrated Africa and Its Diaspora&quot; ||
|-
| 19th&lt;ref name=summit19&gt;{{cite web |title=19th African Union (AU) Summit to be held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |date=June 2012 |url=http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002164755/http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|9 July 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|16 July 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| 18th&lt;ref name=summit18&gt;{{cite web |title=18th AU summit |date=January 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614120243/http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-date=14 June 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| [[17th Ordinary African Union Summit|17th]]&lt;ref name=summit17&gt;{{cite web |title=17th AU summit |date=June 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095847/http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{nowrap|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|23 June 2011|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2011}}|| &quot;Youth Empowerment for Sustainable Development&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–India Summit || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|20 May 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2011}}|| &quot;Enhancing partnership: shared vision&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=2nd Africa-India Forum Summit |date=May 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331174105/http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia |archive-date=31 March 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 16th&lt;ref name=summit16&gt;{{cite web |title=16th African Union summit |date=January 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090533/http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|24 January 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2011}}|| &quot;Towards Greater Unity and Integration through Shared Values&quot; ||
|-
| 15th&lt;ref name=summit15&gt;{{cite web |title=15th African Union summit |date=July 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909081209/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-date=9 September 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Uganda}}||[[Kampala]] || {{dts|19 July 2010|format=d}}–{{dts|27 July 2010}}|| &quot;Maternal, Infant, and Child Health and Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 14th&lt;ref name=summit14&gt;{{cite web |title=14th African Union summit |date=January 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122225/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2010|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2010}}|| &quot;Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Africa: Challenges and Prospects for Development&quot; ||
|-
| 13th&lt;ref name=summit13&gt;{{cite web |title=13th African Union summit |date=July 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040008/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|24 June 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 July 2009}}|| &quot;Investing in Agriculture for Economic Growth and Food Security&quot; ||
|-
| 12th&lt;ref name=summit12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th African Union summit |date=January 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040018/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|26 January 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 February 2009}}|| &quot;Infrastructure Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 11th&lt;ref name=summit11&gt;{{cite web |title=The 11th AU summit |date=July 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122200/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Egypt}}||[[Sharm el-Sheikh]] || {{dts|24 June 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2008}}|| &quot;Meeting the Millennium Development Goals on Water and Sanitation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th&lt;ref name=summit10&gt;{{cite web |title=The 10th African Union summit |date=January 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102035957/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2008}}|| &quot;Industrial Development of Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 9th&lt;ref name=summit9&gt;{{cite web |title=9th African Union summit |date=July 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040001/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ghana}}||[[Accra]] || {{dts|25 June 2007|format=dm}} – {{dts|6 July 2007}}|| &quot;Grand Debate on the Union Government&quot; ||
|-
| 8th&lt;ref name=summit8&gt;{{cite web |title=8th African Union summit |date=January 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806145357/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2007|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2007}}|| 1. &quot;Science, Technology and Scientific Research for Development&quot; &lt;br /&gt;2. &quot;Climate Change in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 7th&lt;ref name=summit7&gt;{{cite web |title=7th African Union summit |date=July 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806144655/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Gambia}}||[[Banjul]] || {{dts|25 June 2006|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2006}}|| &quot;Rationalisation of Recs and Regional Integration&quot; ||
|-
| 6th&lt;ref name=summit6&gt;{{cite web |title=6th African Union summit |date=January 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214191451/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-date=14 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Sudan}}||[[Khartoum]] || {{dts|16 January 2006|format=d}}–{{dts|24 January 2006}}|| &quot;Education and Culture&quot; ||
|-
| 5th&lt;ref name=summit5&gt;{{cite web |title=5th African Union summit |date=June 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224163231/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-date=24 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|28 June 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|29 June 2005}}|| ||
|-
| Extraordinary summit on UN Reform&lt;ref name=summitlist&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Summit |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215221812/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-date=15 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|4 August 2005}} || ||
|-
| 4th&lt;ref name=summit4&gt;{{cite web |title=4th African Union summit |date=January 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315081032/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-date=15 March 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Nigeria}}||[[Abuja]] || {{dts|24 January 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2005}}|| ||
|-
| 3rd&lt;ref name=summit3&gt;{{cite web |title=3rd African Union summit |date=July 2004 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207061226/http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-date=7 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|6 July 2004|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2004}}|| ||
|-
| 2nd&lt;ref name=summit2&gt;{{cite web |title=African Union Summit Maputo Mozambique |date=July 2003 |url=http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708083551/http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mozambique}}||[[Maputo]] || {{dts|2 July 2003|format=d}}–{{dts|12 July 2003}}|| ||
|-
| 1st&lt;ref name=summit1&gt;{{cite web |title=OAU/AU summit |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022142733/http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |archive-date=22 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Durban, South Africa|Durban]] || {{dts|28 June 2002}} – {{dts|10 July 2002}}|| &quot;Peace, Development and Prosperity: The African Century&quot; || Notable events include the launch of the African Union.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=1st AU summit: Documents and Speeches |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001222437/http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html| archive-date=1 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}


==== Africa–Caribbean relations ====
{{See also|Group of 77|Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States}}
[[Caribbean]] tiŋgbana pam nyɛla din kpuɣi niya ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ni [[Africa]] tiŋgbana. African Union lihirila Caribbean ka di nyɛ yaɣili din ni tooi pahi buyɔbu  &quot;Sixth Region&quot; tiŋgbana yaɣa din laɣim taba maa puuni.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/ African Union 6th Region Diaspora Headquarters to be established in Accompong, Jamaica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311035309/https://thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/|date=11 March 2023}}, 24 January 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;Caribbean tiŋgbani shɛŋa nyɛla Africa din yihi di maŋ pahi tuma yaɣa ni, n-ti tabili [[Barbados]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Lorna|title=Barbados inks MOU with African Export-Import Bank|url=https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717182615/https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|archive-date=17 July 2022|access-date=17 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[the Bahamas]] ni [[Guyana]], din zaa pahi [[African Export–Import Bank]] ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 December 2022|title=Barbados Parliament ratifies Partnership Agreement with Afreximbank, as Guyanaand Bahamas join CARICOM signatories|url=https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323124813/https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|archive-date=23 March 2023|access-date=10 September 2023|website=African Export-Import Bank}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaha, [[Caribbean Development Bank]] dihila laɣim tum gbana ni n-ti [[African Development Bank]] (AfDB).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/ AfDB, CDB move to deepen Africa, Caribbean cooperation, sign MoU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625194438/https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/|date=25 June 2022}}, June 18, 2022&lt;/ref&gt; [[Antigua and Barbuda]] gba niŋ zaɣa ni Africa mini Caribbean.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-01-09|title=Antigua Airways is airborne and ready to become the &quot;pride of the Caribbean&quot;|url=https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423231330/https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua News Room|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=jennelsa.johnson|date=2023-04-17|title=Government has not given up on Antigua Airways as company seeks to make comeback|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424072842/https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amaa, din nyɛla din ʒi yɛli muɣisira na tiŋgbana loobu ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-28|title=3 dead, 13 missing in Caribbean sinking; 14 Africans saved|url=https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531093832/https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|archive-date=31 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=AP NEWS|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-29|title=Tragedy at sea: Boat carrying African migrants from Antigua capsizes near St Kitts|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520064903/https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|archive-date=20 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-31|title=Fury as gov't says it bears no responsibility for migrant boat tragedy|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419124847/https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|archive-date=19 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Less than 600 West African migrants remain in Antigua {{!}} Loop Caribbean News|url=https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910051756/https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|archive-date=10 September 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Loop News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-07|title=The migrants stranded on an island they had not heard of|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822235248/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|archive-date=22 August 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=BBC News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-02-11|title=Antigua Government says no automatic citizenship for stranded Africans|url=https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423182748/https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=CNW Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{main|Africa–China relations}}

==== Africa–China relations ====
Yaɣ'yini din daabiligu be tooni [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC). [[Forum on China–Africa Cooperation]] nyɛla daabiligu balibu noiŋbu Africa tiŋgbana ni mini China.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|pages=56|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tum FOCAC zaŋ gɔhi taba ni yuuni 2012, African Union gab nyɛla din tim nuu ni tabi-sɔŋ ni, amaa  Africantingbana din be FOCAC na kuli nyɛla din zani ti di maŋa sahakam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|page=57|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Africa–EU relations ====
Zaŋ jendi European Commission polo, European Union's biɛhigu ni Africa nyɛla din kpa talahi. Tooni ha Africa-EU laɣim tum niya ni European Commission mini European External Action Service nyɛla din kahigi Joint Communication ni &quot;Towards a Comprehensive Strategy with Africa&quot;. Di buɣisila laɣim tum ni:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|date=2020-11-03|title=Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085246/https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=International Partnerships - European Commission|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 52020JC0004 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516184133/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|archive-date=16 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=eur-lex.europa.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Green Transition and Energy Access
* Digital Transformation
* Sustainable Growth and Jobs&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mobilising Investments for African structural sustainable transformation {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513082259/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|archive-date=13 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Strengthening Resilience, Peace, Security and Governance {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085847/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Peace, Security and Governance&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot; /&gt;
* Migration and Mobility&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Migration and mobility {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085848/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Lahabali_kɔligu:Eritrea_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg|thumb|[[South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011]]]]
In response to the ongoing [[Darfur conflict]] in Sudan, the AU has deployed 7,000 peacekeepers, many from Rwanda and Nigeria, to [[Darfur]]. While a donor's conference in Addis Ababa in 2005 helped raise funds to sustain the peacekeepers through that year and into 2006, in July 2006 the AU said it would pull out at the end of September when its mandate expires.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=28 June 2006|title=AU Darfur mission 'to end soon'|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826204932/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|archive-date=26 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Critics of the AU peacekeepers, including [[Eric Reeves]], have said these forces are largely ineffective due to lack of funds, personnel, and expertise. Monitoring a large area has made it even more difficult to sustain an effective mission. In June 2006, the [[United States Congress]] appropriated US$173&amp;nbsp;million for the AU force. Some, such as the [[Genocide Intervention Network]], have called for UN or [[NATO]] intervention to augment and/or replace the AU peacekeepers. The UN has considered deploying a force, though it would not likely enter the country until at least October 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Security Council Authorises Deployment of United Nations-African Union 'Hybrid' Peace Operation in Bid To Resolve Darfur Conflict|url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc9089.doc.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815184454/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/sc9089.doc.htm|archive-date=15 August 2007|access-date=26 November 2012|publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; The under-funded and badly equipped AU mission was set to expire on 31 December 2006 but was extended to 30 June 2007 and merged with the [[United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur]] in October 2007. In July 2009 the African Union ceased cooperation with the [[International Criminal Court]], refusing to recognise the international arrest warrant it had issued against Sudan's leader, [[Omar al-Bashir]], who was indicted in 2008 for [[War crime|war crimes]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=5 July 2009|title=African move on Bashir dismissed|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225224733/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The AU struggled to have a strategic role in the independence talks and the reconciliation process of [[South Sudan]], due to overwhelming interests of African and non-African powers, its influence is still limited and not consistent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Sulaiman|first=Abubkar o.|author2=Agoha, Ifeanyi Chuckwu|date=1 October 2013|title=South Sudan Negotiated Independence: A Critique of African Union's Role|journal=European Journal of Sustainable Development|volume=2|issue=3|pages=145–154|bibcode=2013EJSD....2..145S|doi=10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n3p145|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Clear}}

== Economy ==
{{main|Economy of the African Union}}

[[African Continental Free Trade Area|African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)]] nyɛla bɛ ni daa piligi shɛli ni tiŋgbana pihinu ni anahi tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu maa puuni ka di daabilim nyɛ din daa piligi Silimiin goli January dahin yini yuuni 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shendruk|first=Amanda|date=2020-12-31|title=The world's largest free trade area starts up on Jan. 1, 2021|url=https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|access-date=2021-01-04|website=Quartz|language=en|archive-date=4 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104075017/https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[African Export–Import Bank]], nyɛla din yɛn tabi sɔŋ ka bɛ piligi [[Pan-African Payment and Settlement System]]..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |title=Profile: African Union |date=1 July 2006 |access-date=10 July 2006 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060712034155/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |archive-date=12 July 2006 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Clear}}
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]]
(km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|title=The World Bank DataBank {{!}} Explore. Create. Share|website=databank.worldbank.org|access-date=4 February 2017|archive-date=7 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107162640/http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[List of countries by population|Population]]
{{UN_Population|Year}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |title=2015 Human Development Report |last=Office |first=Human Development Report |website=report.hdr.undp.org |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211223435/http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016 |title=The Fragile States Index 2016 {{!}} The Fund for Peace|website=fsi.fundforpeace.org|access-date=12 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204213240/http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016|archive-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2016 |last=e.V. |first=Transparency International |newspaper=transparency.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=30 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170130045244/http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/index/ |title=Index of Economic Freedom: Promoting Economic Opportunity and Prosperity by Country |website=www.heritage.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=29 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629215405/http://www.heritage.org/index/ |url-status=unfit }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016 |title=Vision of Humanity |website=static.visionofhumanity.org |access-date=12 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213091208/http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016|archive-date=13 February 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Press Freedom Index|WPFI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://rsf.org/en/ranking|title=2016 World Press Freedom Index {{!}} Reporters Without Borders|newspaper=RSF|access-date=12 February 2017|archive-date=1 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201195036/https://rsf.org/en/ranking|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |title=Democracy Index 2016 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224070253/http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |archive-date=24 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Country|Algeria}}
|2,381,741
|{{UN_Population|Algeria}}
|548,293,085,686
|13,823
|0.736
|78.3
|34
|50.06
|2.21
|41.69
|3.56
|-
|{{Country|Angola}}
|1,246,700
|{{UN_Population|Angola}}
|173,593,223,667
|6,938
|0.532
|90.5
|18
|48.94
|2.14
|39.89
|3.40
|-
|{{Country|Benin}}
|112,760
|{{UN_Population|Benin}}
|21,016,184,357
|1,932
|0.48
|78.9
|36
|59.31
|2.00
|28.97
|5.67
|-
|{{Country|Botswana}}
|566,730
|{{UN_Population|Botswana}}
|33,657,545,969
|14,876
|0.698
|63.5
|60
|71.07
|1.64
|22.91
|7.87
|-
|{{Country|Burkina Faso}}
|273,600
|{{UN_Population|Burkina Faso}}
|28,840,666,622
|1,593
|0.402
|89.4
|42
|59.09
|2.06
|22.66
|4.70
|-
|{{Country|Burundi}}
|25,680
|{{UN_Population|Burundi}}
|7,634,578,343
|300
|0.4
|100.7
|20
|53.91
|2.50
|54.10
|2.40
|-
|{{Country|Cape Verde}}
|4,030
|{{UN_Population|Cape Verde}}
|3,205,197,585
|6,158
|0.646
|71.5
|59
|66.46
|N/A
|19.82
|7.94
|-
|{{Country|Cameroon}}
|472,710
|{{UN_Population|Cameroon}}
|68,302,439,597
|2,926
|0.512
|97.8
|26
|54.18
|2.36
|40.53
|3.46
|-
|{{Country|Central African Republic}}
|622,980
|{{UN_Population|Central African Republic}}
|2,847,726,468
|581
|0.35
|112.1
|20
|45.23
|3.35
|33.60
|1.61
|-
|{{Country|Chad}}
|1,259,200
|{{UN_Population|Chad}}
|28,686,194,920
|2,044
|0.392
|110.1
|20
|46.33
|2.46
|40.59
|1.50
|-
|{{Country|Comoros}}
|1,861
|{{UN_Population|Comoros}}
|1,098,546,195
|1,393
|0.503
|83.8
|24
|52.35
|N/A
|24.33
|3.71
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Democratic Republic of the}}
|2,267,050
|{{UN_Population|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|56,920,935,460
|300
|0.433
|
|21
|46.38
|3.11
|50.97
|1.93
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Republic of the}}
|341,500
|{{UN_Population|Congo}}
|27,690,345,067
|5,993
|0.591
|92.2
|20
|42.80
|2.25
|35.84
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Djibouti}}
|23,180
|{{UN_Population|Djibouti}}
|2,911,406,226
|3,279
|0.47
|89.7
|30
|55.96
|2.29
|70.90
|2.83
|-
|{{Country|Egypt}}
|1,010,407
|{{UN_Population|Egypt}}
|1,173,000,000,000
|10,250
|0.69
|90.2
|34
|55.96
|2.57
|54.45
|3.31
|-
|{{Country|Equatorial Guinea}}
|28,050
|{{UN_Population|Equatorial Guinea}}
|32,317,928,931
|38,243
|0.587
|85.2
|N/A
|43.67
|1.94
|66.47
|1.70
|-
|{{Country|Eritrea}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |title=Eritrea |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121011902/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|101,000
|{{UN_Population|Eritrea}}
|8,845,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.391
|98.6
|18
|42.7
|2.46
|83.92
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Eswatini}}
|17,204
|{{UN_Population|Eswatini}}
|10,452,834,007
|8,122
|0.531
|87.6
|N/A
|59.65
|2.07
|52.37
|3.03
|-
|{{Country|Ethiopia}}
|1,104,300
|{{UN_Population|Ethiopia}}
|152,057,290,468
|1,530
|0.442
|97.2
|34
|51.52
|2.28
|45.13
|3.60
|-
|{{Country|Gabon}}
|257,670
|{{UN_Population|Gabon}}
|32,539,376,597
|18,860
|0.684
|72
|35
|58.96
|2.03
|32.20
|3.74
|-
|{{Country|Gambia, The}}
|10,120
|{{UN_Population|Gambia}}
|3,140,820,062
|1,578
|0.441
|86.8
|26
|57.14
|2.09
|46.53
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Ghana}}
|227,540
|{{UN_Population|Ghana}}
|108,393,071,924
|3,955
|0.579
|71.2
|43
|63.00
|1.81
|17.95
|6.75
|-
|{{Country|Guinea}}
|245,720
|{{UN_Population|Guinea}}
|14,316,884,358
|1,135
|0.411
|103.8
|27
|53.33
|2.15
|33.08
|3.14
|-
|{{Country|Guinea-Bissau}}
|28,120
|{{UN_Population|Guinea-Bissau}}
|2,521,743,682
|1,367
|0.42
|99.8
|16
|51.81
|2.26
|29.03
|1.98
|-
|{{Country|Ivory Coast}}
|318,000
|{{UN_Population|Ivory Coast}}
|74,916,780,423
|3,300
|0.462
|97.9
|34
|60.01
|2.28
|30.17
|3.81
|-
|{{Country|Kenya}}
|569,140
|{{UN_Population|Kenya}}
|133,592,522,053
|2,901
|0.548
|98.3
|26
|57.51
|2.38
|31.16
|5.33
|-
|{{Country|Lesotho}}
|30,360
|{{UN_Population|Lesotho}}
|5,914,437,068
|2,770
|0.497
|80.9
|39
|50.62
|1.94
|28.78
|6.59
|-
|{{Country|Liberia}}
|96,320
|{{UN_Population|Liberia}}
|3,533,313,381
|500
|0.43
|95.5
|37
|52.19
|2.00
|30.71
|5.31
|-
|{{Country|Libya}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya/ |title=Libya |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109235257/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,759,540
|{{UN_Population|Libya}}
|94,010,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|14,900&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.724
|96.4
|14
|N/A
|3.20
|57.89
|2.25
|-
|{{Country|Madagascar}}
|581,800
|{{UN_Population|Madagascar}}
|33,354,200,458
|1,376
|0.51
|84.2
|26
|61.06
|1.76
|27.04
|5.07
|-
|{{Country|Malawi}}
|94,280
|{{UN_Population|Malawi}}
|19,137,290,349
|1,112
|0.445
|87.6
|31
|51.8
|1.82
|28.12
|5.55
|-
|{{Country|Mali}}
|1,220,190
|{{UN_Population|Mali}}
|33,524,899,739
|1,905
|0.419
|95.2
|32
|56.54
|2.49
|39.83
|5.70
|-
|{{Country|Mauritania}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |title=Mauritania |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=7 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107034713/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,030,700
|{{UN_Population|Mauritania}}
|16,190,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|4,400&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.506
|95.4
|27
|54.8
|2.30
|24.03
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Mauritius}}
|2,030
|{{UN_Population|Mauritius}}
|23,817,914,134
|18,864
|0.777
|43.2
|54
|74.73
|1.56
|27.69
|8.28
|-
|{{Country|Morocco}}
|446,300
|{{UN_Population|Morocco}}
|257,398,957,178
|7,365
|0.628
|74.2
|37
|61.27
|2.09
|42.64
|4.77
|-
|{{Country|Mozambique}}
|786,380
|{{UN_Population|Mozambique}}
|31,326,751,237
|1,120
|0.416
|87.8
|27
|53.19
|1.96
|30.25
|4.02
|-
|{{Country|Namibia}}
|823,290
|{{UN_Population|Namibia}}
|24,043,436,006
|9,778
|0.628
|71.1
|52
|61.85
|1.87
|15.15
|6.31
|-
|{{Country|Niger}}
|1,266,700
|{{UN_Population|Niger}}
|17,857,377,171
|897
|0.348
|98.4
|35
|54.26
|2.24
|24.62
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Nigeria}}
|910,770
|{{UN_Population|Nigeria}}
|1,168,000,000,000
|5,639
|0.514
|103.5
|28
|57.46
|2.88
|35.90
|4.50
|-
|{{Country|Rwanda}}
|24,670
|{{UN_Population|Rwanda}}
|19,216,033,048
|1,655
|0.483
|91.3
|54
|63.07
|2.32
|54.61
|3.07
|-
|{{Country|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|960
|{{UN_Population|Sao Tome and Principe}}
|575,391,345
|3,023
|0.555
|72.9
|46
|56.71
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Senegal}}
|192,530
|{{UN_Population|Senegal}}
|34,398,281,018
|2,274
|0.466
|83.6
|45
|58.09
|1.98
|27.99
|6.21
|-
|{{Country|Seychelles}}
|460
|{{UN_Population|Seychelles}}
|2,384,515,771
|25,525
|0.772
|60.2
|N/A
|62.2
|N/A
|30.60
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sierra Leone}}
|72,180
|{{UN_Population|Sierra Leone}}
|9,511,431,824
|1,474
|0.413
|91
|30
|52.31
|1.81
|29.94
|4.55
|-
|{{Country|Somalia}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/ |title=Somalia |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=1 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701190026/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|627,340
|{{UN_Population|Somalia}}
|5,900,000,000&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|114
|10
|N/A
|3.41
|65.35
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|South Africa}}
|1,213,090
|{{UN_Population|South Africa}}
|742,461,000,000
|12,393
|0.666
|69.9
|45
|61.9
|2.32
|21.92
|7.41
|-
|{{Country|South Sudan}}
|619,745
|{{UN_Population|South Sudan}}
|21,484,823,398
|1,741
|0.467
|113.8
|11
|N/A
|3.59
|44.87
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sudan}}
|1,886,086
|{{UN_Population|Sudan}}
|165,813,461,495
|4,121
|0.479
|111.5
|14
|N/A
|3.27
|72.53
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Tanzania}}
|885,800
|{{UN_Population|United Republic of Tanzania}}
|130,297,806,032
|2,510
|0.521
|81.8
|32
|58.46
|1.90
|28.65
|5.76
|-
|{{Country|Togo}}
|54,390
|{{UN_Population|Togo}}
|10,018,697,437
|1,372
|0.484
|85.8
|32
|53.64
|1.95
|30.31
|3.32
|-
|{{Country|Tunisia}}
|155,360
|{{UN_Population|Tunisia}}
|121,200,025,401
|10,770
|0.721
|74.6
|41
|57.55
|1.95
|31.60
|6.40
|-
|{{Country|Uganda}}
|200,520
|{{UN_Population|Uganda}}
|67,856,334,117
|1,738
|0.483
|97.7
|25
|59.26
|2.15
|32.58
|5.26
|-
|{{Country|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 June 2007 |title=Western Sahara |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|266,000
|{{UN_Population|Western Sahara}}
|906,500,000&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2,500&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Zambia}}
|743,390
|{{UN_Population|Zambia}}
|58,400,082,027
|3,602
|0.586
|86.3
|38
|58.79
|1.78
|35.08
|5.99
|-
|{{Country|Zimbabwe}}
|386,850
|{{UN_Population|Zimbabwe}}
|26,180,942,292
|500
|0.509
|100.5
|22
|38.23
|2.32
|40.41
|3.05
|-
|'''{{noflag|African Union}}'''
|30,370,000
|{{UN_Population|Africa}}
|5,457,724,064,668
|4,602
|0.524&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|88.99&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|31.51&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|55.55&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2.27
|37.89
|4.30
|-
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]] (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015
![[List of countries by population|Population]] {{UN_Population|Year}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016
![[Reporters Without Borders|WPFI]]
2016
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016
|}

== Lihimi m-pahi ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Africa Adaptation Initiative]]
* [[African Century]]
* [[African Peer Review Mechanism]]
* [[African Renaissance]]
* [[African Standby Force]]
* [[African Unification Front]]
* [[Africanisation]]
* [[Central Asian Union]]
* [[East African Federation]]
* [[Ezulwini agreement]]
* [[Friends of the African Union]]
* [[Indigenous peoples of Africa]]
* [[List of country groupings]]
* [[List of multilateral free-trade agreements]]
* [[Climate adaptation|Prevention of environmental migration]]
* [[Pan-Africanism]]
* [[Pan-African Women's Organization]]
{{div col end}}

== Noosi ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==Kundivihira==
=== Sources ===
{{Reflist}}

=== General and cited references ===
{{Library resources box}}
* [https://web.archive.org</text>
      <sha1>i6lyri5fehrz3edc408kkd9vy4wbkyp</sha1>
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      <text bytes="98016" sha1="m8eld8ov77stk5hahfoh4ynnxb3gg0x" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Continental union of African states}}
{{For|the predecessor organisation|Organisation of African Unity}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox geopolitical organisation
| conventional_long_name = African Union
| native_name            = {{Name in various languages
 | name = {{nobold|''(in other official languages)''}}
 | ar = الاتحاد الأفريقي
 | fr = Union africaine
 | pt = União Africana
 | es = Unión Africana
 | sw = Umoja wa Afrika
 }}
| linking_name           = the African Union
| image_flag             = Flag of the African Union.svg
| alt_flag               = Flag of the African Union
| alt_symbol             = 
| symbol_width           = 85px
| motto                  = &quot;A United and Strong Africa&quot;
| anthem                 = &quot;[[Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html |title=African Union anthem, etc |publisher=Africamasterweb.com |access-date=26 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915041714/http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html | archive-date=15 September 2015 | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{center|}}{{Align|center| |style=margin-top:0em}}
| image_map              = Map of the African Union with Suspended States.svg
| alt_map                = An [[Orthographic projection (cartography)|orthographic projection]] of [[Earth|the world]], highlighting the African Union and its member states (green).
| map_width              = 220px
| map_caption            = {{legend2|#2A5C2B|Member states}}&lt;br /&gt;{{legend2|#00D500|Suspended states}}
| org_type               = [[Continental union]]
| membership_type        = Membership
| membership             = {{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
 |title = [[Member states of the African Union|55 member states]]
|{{flag|Algeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Angola|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Benin|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Botswana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Burkina Faso|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp|Suspended}}
|{{flag|Burundi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cameroon|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cape Verde|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Central African Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Chad|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Comoros|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Djibouti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Egypt|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eritrea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eswatini|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ethiopia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Gabon|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Gambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ghana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Guinea|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ivory Coast|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kenya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Lesotho|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Liberia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Libya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Madagascar|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Malawi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mali|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Mauritania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mauritius|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Morocco|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mozambique|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Namibia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Niger|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Nigeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Rwanda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sahrawi Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Senegal|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Seychelles|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sierra Leone|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Somalia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Africa|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Sudan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sudan|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Tanzania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Togo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Tunisia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Uganda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zimbabwe|size=23px}}
}}
{{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
|title = 9 observer states
|{{flag|Haiti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kazakhstan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Latvia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mexico|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Palestine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Serbia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Turkey|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ukraine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates|size=23px}}
}}
| admin_center_type      = Political centres
| admin_center           = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Addis Ababa]]&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;}} |{{nowrap|[[Johannesburg]]&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;}}}}
| largest_settlement_type = urban agglomerations
| largest_city           = 
| largest_settlement     = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Cairo]]}} |{{nowrap|[[Lagos]]}}}}
| languages_type         = Official languages
| languages              = {{hlist | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] | [[English language|English]] | [[French language|French]] | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]]  | [[Swahili language|Swahili]] | and any other [[Languages of Africa|African language]]&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;}}
| demonym                = African
| leader_title1          = [[Chairperson of the African Union|Chairperson]]
| leader_name1           = [[João Lourenço]]
| leader_title2          = [[Chairperson of the African Union Commission|Commission Chairperson]]
| leader_name2           = [[Mahamoud Ali Youssouf]]
| leader_title3          = [[Pan-African Parliament#Presidents of the Pan-African Parliament|Parliamentary President]]
| leader_name3           = [[Fortune Z. Charumbira]]
| legislature            = [[Pan-African Parliament]]
| established_event1     = [[Organisation of African Unity|OAU Charter]]
| established_date1      = 25 May 1963
| established_event2     = [[Abuja Treaty]]
| established_date2      = 3 June 1991
| established_event3     = [[Sirte Declaration]]
| established_date3      = 9 September 1999
| established_event4     = African Union founded
| established_date4      = {{start date and age|2002|07|09}}
| established_event5     = [[History of South Sudan|Admission of]] [[South Sudan]]
| established_date5      = 9 July 2011
| established_event6     = [[Member states of the African Union|Admission of]] [[Morocco]]
| established_date6      = 31 January 2017
| established_event7     = [[African Continental Free Trade Area]] (AfCFTA)
| established_date7      = 1 January 2021
| area_km2               = 29,922,059&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2016&quot;&gt;Corresponds to the terrestrial surface. Including the [[Exclusive Economic Zones]] of each member state, the total area is 43 434 569&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 1,494,988,668{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $8.990 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO/WEOWORLD/IDN/AFQ.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668%2C672%2C612%2C614%2C674%2C676%2C678%2C682%2C684%2C638%2C686%2C688%2C616%2C728%2C748%2C618%2C624%2C692%2C694%2C622%2C626%2C628%2C632%2C636%2C634%2C662%2C611%2C714%2C716%2C469%2C722%2C642%2C643%2C718%2C724%2C734%2C644%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C652%2C732%2C656%2C654%2C738%2C742%2C744%2C746%2C664%2C754%2C666%2C698&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |access-date=8 February 2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714135232/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668,672,612,614,674,676,678,682,684,638,686,688,616,728,748,618,624,692,694,622,626,628,632,636,634,662,611,714,716,469,722,642,643,718,724,734,644,726,646,199,648,733,652,732,656,654,738,742,744,746,664,754,666,698&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,LP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion|Excluding Western Sahara due to lack of data}}
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2024
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $6,330&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal            = {{decrease}} $2.81 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion}}
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2024
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{decrease}} $1,960&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.577
| HDI_year               = 2020
| cctld                  = [[.africa]]
| footnotes              = {{unbulleted list |&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[African Union Commission]]. |&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[Pan-African Parliament]].}}
| official_website       = {{URL|https://au.int}}
| area_rank              = 
| today                  = 
}}

'''African Union''' ('''AU''') nyɛla tiŋgbani bɔbugu laɣingu zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu&lt;ref name=&quot;UIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100033436 |url-access= |title=African Union (AU) |author1=Staff writer |year=2025 |department=UIA Global Civil Society Database |website=uia.org |publisher=[[Union of International Associations]] |agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online |location=Brussels, Belgium |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date=8 January 2025 |via= |quote= |trans-quote= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Member States AU-UN |url=https://www.africanunion-un.org/memberstates |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka nyɛ din be [[Africa]]. AU nyɛla bɛ ni daa niŋ shɛli laɣngu Sirte Declaration din be Sirte, Libya Silimiin goli September yuuni 1999, ka bɛ niya daa nyɛ bɛ kpa African Union. Bɛ daa piligi li Silimiin goli July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002  Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_&amp;_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union,%209%20July%202002.htm |title=Launch of the African Union, 9 July 2002: Address by the chairperson of the AU, President Thabo Mbeki |first=Thabo |last=Mbeki |date=9 July 2002 |publisher=africa-union.org |location=ABSA Stadium, Durban, South Africa |access-date=8 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503210549/http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_%26_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union%2C%209%20July%202002.htm |archive-date=3 May 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ daa mali lala niya ni AU nyɛla di ni tooi zani Organisation of African Unity (OAU) zani, di nyɛla bɛ ni daa kpa shɛli Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1963 ka di ni daa piligi shɛli nyɛ Addis Ababa, gomnantinima pihita ni ayi nyɛ ban daa dihi bɛ nuhi gbana zuɣu zaŋ n-ti li; OAU ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa kari shɛli Silimiin goli  July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002 Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;/&gt; 

African Union ŋɔ nyɛla din mali salo ban kalinli gari 1.3 &quot;billion&quot; ka di tiŋgbani galisim paai kamani  {{convert|30|e6km2|e6sqmi|sigfig=2|abbr=unit}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Manboah-Rockson |first1=Joseph |title=Politics &amp; the Struggle for Democracy in Ghana: An Introduction to Political Science |date=23 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Balli shɛŋa din be di ni nyɛ  Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, n-ti pahi Swahili.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://au.int/en/about/languages |title=AU Languages |access-date=2 May 2021 |publisher=African Union |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407001442/https://au.int/en/about/languages |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

G20 (Group of 20) laɣingu din daa niŋ New Delhi, [[India]] yuuni 2023, African Union nyɛla ban daa kpɛ G20.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=September 9, 2023 |title=African Union made permanent member of G20 at Delhi summit |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/09/african-union-made-permanent-member-of-g20-at-delhi-summit |access-date=December 12, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Overview ==
African Union niyanima n-nyɛ:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Constitutive Act|url=https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415235637/https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|archive-date=15 April 2020|access-date=2 May 2021|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;

# Di ʒi nangbanyini din mali yaa na, taba laɣimbu ni Africa tinsi mini [[Africa|African]] tingbana taba puu biɛri taba zuɣu.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi maŋsulinsi, tiŋgbana taba shebu ni tiŋgbani din kam be din ni maŋsulinsi.
# Ni di kpaŋsi siyaasa mini biɛhigu-daabiligu laɣimbu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋgbana taba sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 November 2024|title=Evolution of Geopolitical Dynamics in Africa|url=https://www.guambia.com.uy/67/evolution-of-geopolitical-dynamics-in-africa/2312/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=Guambia}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The New Power Play in Africa: Russia, China, and the Shifting Sands of Influence|url=https://kcsgroup.com/the-new-power-play-in-africa-russia-china-and-the-shifting-sands-of-influence/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=KCS Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ni di kpaŋsi ka gu ka taɣi [[Africa|African]] zaashee zaŋ chaŋ bɛ suhuyurilim polo di tiŋgbani yaɣa mini di niriba sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi daabiligu tiŋgban sunsuuni, ka mali Charter of the United Nations mini Universal Declaration of Human Rights tumdi tuma.
# Ni di kpaŋsi suhudoo, niriba gubu, ni tiŋgbani yaɣa zanibu chibi.
# Ni di kmpaŋsi maŋsulinsi zalisi, ni gɔmnanti tali din niŋ dede.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi ninsalinima mini niriba fukumsi din be African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights ni mini &quot;human rights instruments&quot; yaɣa din niŋ talahi.
# Ni di zali zalisi din kpa talahi ka che ka tiŋgbani yaɣa maa tumdi di tuma dunia daabiligu ni ni shaawara gbaabu tiŋgbana sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim din nyɛ soha-biɛɣuni dini zaŋti daabiligu,biɛhigu ni kaya ni taɣada biɛhigu ni Africa daabiligu yaɣa zaŋ laɣim taba.
# Ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ninsalisili yaɣa kam n duhi biɛri suŋ Africanima sunsuuni.
# To coordinate and harmonise the policies between the existing and future Regional Economic Communities for the gradual attainment of the objectives of the Union.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim tiŋgbana yaɣa maa ni din dalim vihigu niŋbu, di bahi bahindi tabiibi mini tabiibi zaŋ tum tuma.
# Ni di mini tiŋgbana laɣim tum n-kpihim dɔriti din mali taɣibu mini alaafee kpaŋsibu tiŋgbana ni.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm Africa-union.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604051527/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm|date=4 June 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
{{Main|History of the African Union|History of Africa}}

African Union taarihi pilila &quot;'''First Congress of Independent African States&quot;''', din daa niŋ [[Accra]], [[Ghana]] bini din gbaai Anashaara goli April biɛɣu pinaanu zaŋ chaŋ biɛɣu pishinaayi yuuni 1958. Laɣingu maa niya daa nyɛla di kpa [[Africa Day]], n-ti tabili [[Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU), din daa kpa Anashaara goli May biɛɣu pishinaanu yuuni 1963, ni [[African Economic Community]] yuuni 1991.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210205406/http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may|date=10 December 2018}} South African History Online (SAHO), 15 May 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ansarisi maaniba daa ŋme nangbankpeeni ni OAU ka nuu timbu shɛli ninsalilnima fukumsi ni .&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2115736&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Reynolds|first=Paul|date=8 July 2002|title=African Union replaces dictators' club|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601025542/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|archive-date=1 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tɛha din tahi AU kpabu na nyɛla din daa labi niŋ nyɛvuli 1990s sunsuuni Libyan tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Muammar al-Gaddafi]] saha;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Adebajo|first=Adekeye|date=2011-08-26|title=Gaddafi: the man who would be king of Africa|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011605/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Guardian|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbana zuɣulana mini kpɛma zaŋti OAU daa yina ni [[Sirte Declaration]] (bɛ ni daa zaŋ Sirte, Libya yuli boli shɛli) Anashaara goli September dabaa awɔi yuuni 1999, ka daa ŋmeri kuŋ bɔri African Union nambu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-12-05|title=The African Union After Gaddafi|url=http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410172928/http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|archive-date=10 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 10, 2001|title=African leaders elect OAU boss|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414032647/https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-08-27|title=New Partnership for Africa's Development – NEPAD {{!}} Poverty Eradication|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419153619/https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html|archive-date=19 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=www.un.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

African Union suuna daa niŋla [[Durban]] Anashaara goli July dabaa awɔi yuuni 2002 ni di tuuli ʒia kuɣulana, South Africa tiŋgbani zuɣulana kuro [[Thabo Mbeki]], Assembly of the African Union tuuli yaɣili ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-11-18|title=The African Union is launched|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416010303/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|archive-date=16 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=Africa Renewal|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Assembly yaɣili din pahiri ayi daa niŋla [[Maputo]] yuuni 2003 ka din pahiri ata daa niŋ [[Addis Ababa]] Anashaara goli July dabaa ayɔbu yuuni 2004.

Tum yuuni 2010, African Union daa mali niya ni di kpa &quot;African [[space agency]]&quot; laɣim taba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=5 September 2010|title=Africa prepares to join the big boys in the space race|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116213335/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|archive-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=6 September 2012|title=Sudanese president calls for African space agency|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102203403/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|archive-date=2 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=11 September 2012|title=Africa eyes joint space agency|url=http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021070210/http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|archive-date=21 October 2013|access-date=21 October 2013|publisher=Phys.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Ezigbo|first1=Onyebuchi|last2=Okpara|first2=Lois|date=9 August 2010|title=AU to Establish African Space Agency|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212084442/http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|archive-date=12 February 2014|access-date=11 December 2015|publisher=All Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Barack Obama]] n daa nyɛ tuuli United States tiŋgbani zuɣulana ŋun ʒi gbana ni ka di alizama African Union ni Addis Ababa Anashaara goli July biɛɣu pihita yini ka dali yuuni 2015. O daa alizama dibu ni, o daa kpaŋsiya ni dunisnims laɣindi niŋdi daabiligu ka tabiri sɔŋdi shikuru baŋsim tooni chandi ni, ni lɛbiginsim mini dahi yɛligibu. Amaa, o daa lahi galim suhuyurilim ni ka tiŋgbani shɛŋa ni mini gɔmnantinima ban zaɣisi sheebu ni, ban bi galisi gaŋbu (n-ti tabili ninuɣ'shɛba ban be [[LGBT]] ni, adiininima mini laɣinsi zuliyanima ni) ni kɔriŋ fahili.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Carol E.|date=28 July 2015|title=Obama Becomes First U.S. President to Address African Union|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|url-status=live|access-date=29 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729094216/http://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|archive-date=29 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 July 2015|title=Remarks by President Obama to the People of Africa|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120220442/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|archive-date=20 January 2017|access-date=29 July 2015|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|via=[[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Treaties ===
{{AU evolution timeline}}

== Siyaasa ==

:
; Financial institutions

* [[African Central Bank]] – [[Abuja]], Nigeria
* [[African Investment Bank]] – [[Tripoli, Libya]]
* [[African Monetary Fund]] – [[Yaoundé]], Cameroon

Lala tuma duri ŋɔ na bi kpa; amaa, komitiinima ban be di kpabu ni nyɛla bɛ ni piigi shɛba. Lal n-nyɛli,  AU malila niya ni di diri laɣ'yini ([[Afro (currency)|Afro]]).

; Alaafee
: [[Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention]] (Africa CDC), daa kpala yuuni 2016 ka di suuna niŋ yuuni 2017. Di tuma du'zuɣuri be la Addis Ababa Ethiopia.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int-2017-01-31&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-01-31|title=Africa CDC Official Launch|url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630023917/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-date=30 June 2018|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb.int-2017-02-02&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-02-02|title=The African Union launches Africa CDC, a Continent-wide Public Health Agency|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180037/https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|work=[[Reliefweb]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc.gov-2017-07-27&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-07-27|title=Africa CDC: Improving Disease Detection and Emergency Response on the African Continent|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180936/https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Inspection visit to Africa CDC Headquarters building site|url=https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205114846/https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|archive-date=5 February 2022|access-date=2022-02-05|website=Africa CDC|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; Ninsalinima fukumsi
: [[African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights]], nyɛla din beni tum yuuni 1986, di be la [[African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights]] fukumsi ni (African Charter) amaa ka ni Constitutive Act of the African Union.
; Polo
: [[African Space Agency]] nyɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2023. Di tuma du'zuɣu be la Cairo.
; Yaa
: [[African Energy Commission]] daa nYɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2008, ka be Algiers.

=== Tiŋgbana din be din ni ===
{{Main|Member states of the African Union}}

[[Member states of the United Nations|UN member states]] din be Africa mini African islands zaa bela AU, ka nyɛ yaɣ'shɛli din tabi [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] (SADR). [[Morocco]] daa yila Organisation of African Unity ni yuuni 1984 ka di nyɛla SADR sulinsi ni ka di daa be, ka di tiŋgbani yaɣili [[Western Sahara]] daa zaŋli kpehi di maŋsulinsi ni.  AU daa lahi labi deei li Anashaara goli January biɛɣu pihita yuuni 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;worldbulletin&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=30 January 2017|title=Morocco rejoins African Union|publisher=Worldbulletin|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|url-status=usurped|access-date=31 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720013737/http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|archive-date=20 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Somaliland]], din nyɛ [[Somalia]] ni deei shɛli, daa sabi gbaŋ ti ni di kpe AU yuuni 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nelson&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Nelson, Elizabeth A.|title=Regional Politics and State Secession|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|year=2021|isbn=978-1-83910-377-3|pages=105}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mali nyɛla bɛ nin daa naa yihi shɛba African Union ni saha biɛla sunsuuni Anashaara goli 19 August 2020 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu niŋ naai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=African Union suspends Mali following coup|work=Agence France-Presse, Reuters|publisher=Deutsche Welle|url=https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913003040/https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|archive-date=13 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anashaara goli 9 October lala yuuni ŋɔ yaha, [[Peace and Security Council]] zaŋti African Union daa paai lala yihibu fukumsi ŋɔ Mali zuɣi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union lifts Mali's suspension imposed in the wake of coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009202811/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|archive-date=9 October 2020|access-date=2020-10-09|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Bɛ daa lahi labi zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa tiŋgbani maa zuɣu Anashaara goli June dahin yini dali yuuni 2021, di sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu ni daa lahi niŋ chira awɔi sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2 June 2021|title=African Union announces 'immediate suspension' of Mali after second coup|work=France 24, Reuters, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912141924/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lala fukumsi ŋɔ daa pani Guinea gba zuɣu African Union ni ANashaara goli September biɛɣu pia dali yuuni 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Alpha Condé]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=10 September 2021|title=African Union suspends Guinea after coup, as envoys arrive for talks|work=France 24, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912022912/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sudan gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pani shɛli zuɣu Anashaara goli 27 October 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmananti shee tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Abdalla Hamdok]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union suspends Sudan over coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027130242/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|archive-date=27 October 2021|access-date=2021-10-27|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Burkina Faso gba nyɛla lala fukumsi ŋɔ ni daa pani shɛli zuɣu African Union ni bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu Anashaara goli 31 January 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AU suspends Burkina Faso after coup as envoys head for talks|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062926/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|archive-date=23 December 2022|access-date=2022-01-31|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nige gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛba zuɣu Anashaara goli 22 August 2023 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣula [[Mohamed Bazoum]]; tum din saha ka [[2023 Nigerien crisis]] pili.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2023-08-22|title=African Union suspends participation of Niger following coup|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|url-status=live|access-date=2023-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906024202/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|archive-date=6 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gabon gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛli zuɣu 31 August 2023 bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmananti sheei [[Ali Bongo Ondimba]] nyaaŋa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Newspaper|first=The Peninsula|date=2023-08-31|title=African Union says to 'immediately suspend' Gabon after coup|url=https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902185942/http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|archive-date=2 September 2023|access-date=2023-08-31|website=thepeninsulaqatar.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{TOC limit|3}}


== Members ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{DZA}}
* {{AGO}}
* {{BEN}}
* {{BWA}}
* {{BFA}} (suspended)
* {{BDI}}
* {{CMR}}
* {{CPV}}
* {{CAF}}
* {{TCD}}
* {{COM}}
* {{COD}}
* {{COG}}
* {{DJI}}
* {{EGY}}
* {{GNQ}}
* {{ERI}}
* {{SWZ}}
* {{ETH}}
* {{GAB}}
* {{GMB}}
* {{GHA}}
* {{GIN}} (suspended)
* {{GNB}}
* {{CIV}}
* {{KEN}}
* {{LSO}}
* {{LBR}}
* {{LBY}}
* {{MDG}}
* {{MWI}}
* {{MLI}} (suspended)
* {{MRT}}
* {{MUS}}
* {{MAR}}
* {{MOZ}}
* {{NAM}}
* {{NER}} (suspended)
* {{NGA}}
* {{RWA}}
* {{SADR}}
* {{STP}}
* {{SEN}}
* {{SYC}}
* {{SLE}}
* {{SOM}}
* {{ZAF}}
* {{SSD}}
* {{SDN}} (suspended)
* {{TZA}}
* {{TGO}}
* {{TUN}}
* {{UGA}}
* {{ZMB}}
* {{ZWE}}
{{div col end}}

==== Observers ====
* {{HAI}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Haiti Will Not Join the African Union |url=https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |website=Haiti Hub |access-date=22 June 2023 |date=22 May 2016 |archive-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622142803/https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ISR}} (suspended as of February 2023)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|title=African Union says Israel's observer status suspended|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908195006/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |author=((i24NEWS)) |date=2022-02-06 |title=Israel dispute erupts at African Union summit |language=en |work=Ynetnews |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |access-date=2022-02-06 |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151241/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{KAZ}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstan's Observer status at the African Union: What Does It Mean for Africa? |url=https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=www.igd.org.za |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327081029/https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{LAT}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-01-11|url=http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|title=Latvia becomes observer to African Union|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia]]|website=www.mfa.gov.lv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918030201/http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|archive-date=18 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{MEX}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-06-18 |title=Chairperson Receives the Credentials of the First Permanent Observer of Mexico to the African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |website=au.int |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901115222/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|Palestine}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-05-27 |title=AU grants Palestine observer status |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |publisher=[[Egypt Independent]] |first=Fathya |last=el-Dakhakhni |website=egyptindependent.com |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=29 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229042151/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{SRB}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 January 2014|language=sr-latn|title=Mrkić na samitu u Adis Abebi|url=https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|website=b92.net|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=16 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071458/https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{TUR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-11 |title=What's driving Turkey's commercial &amp; military relations with Africa? |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en-US |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151227/https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{UKR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-06-22 |title=Ukraine has obtained the observer status in the African Union |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] |website=mfa.gov.ua |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071456/https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ARE}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chairperson Receives Credentials of the Permanent Observer of the United Arab Emirates. {{!}} African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=au.int |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151252/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== African Union tuma ====
{{Supranational African Bodies|align=right|size=500px}}Yuuni 1980 [[Lagos Plan of Action for the Development of Africa]] mini yuuni 1991 varisigu ni African Economic Community kpabu (bɛ ni lahi booni shɛli Abuja Treaty), daa yina ni tɛha din nyɛ [[Regional Economic Communities]] (RECs) kpabu ni niŋ binshɛli din yɛn laɣim Africa taba.&lt;ref&gt;See note on [https://web.archive.org/web/20040906140832/http://www.dfa.gov.za/docs/2003/au0815.htm The Role of the Regional Economic Communities (RECs) as the Building Blocks of the African Union] prepared by the South African Department of Foreign Affairs.&lt;/ref&gt;

Saha ŋɔ, RECs dibaa anii m-be AU. Din nima n-nyɛ:

* [[Arab Maghreb Union]] (AMU)
* [[Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa]] (COMESA)
* [[Community of Sahel-Saharan States]] (CEN-SAD)
* [[East African Community]] (EAC)
* [[Economic Community of Central African States]] (ECCAS)
* [[Economic Community of West African States]] (ECOWAS)
* [[Intergovernmental Authority on Development]] (IGAD)
* [[Southern Africa Development Community]] (SADC)&lt;ref&gt;Decision on the Protocol on Relations between the African Union and the Regional Economic Communities (RECs), Assembly/AU/Dec.166 (IX).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=President of Mauritania Elected as New Chairperson of AU|url=https://www.ena.et/web/eng/w/eng_4033947}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of chairpersons ==
{{main|Chairperson of the African Union}}
[[File:Jakaya Kikwete and Muammar al-Gaddafi, 12th AU Summit, 090202-N-0506A-678.jpg|thumb|left|[[Muammar Gaddafi]] embracing Tanzanian President [[Jakaya Kikwete|Kikwete]] after assuming the chairmanship]]
{{Clear|left}}

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-valign=top
|+Chairpersons of the African Union
|-
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Name
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Beginning of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|End of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Country
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Thabo Mbeki]]
|9 July 2002
|10 July 2003
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Joaquim Chissano]]
|10 July 2003
|6 July 2004
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Olusegun Obasanjo]]
|6 July 2004
|24 January 2006
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]]
|24 January 2006
|24 January 2007
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[John Kufuor]]
|30 January 2007
|31 January 2008
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Jakaya Kikwete]]
|31 January 2008
|2 February 2009
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Muammar al-Gaddafi]]
|2 February 2009
|31 January 2010
|{{flagdeco|Libya|1977}} [[Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|Libya]]
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Bingu wa Mutharika]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE60U05O20100131l Gaddafi fails in bid to remain African Union chair], Reuters, 31 January 2010 {{Dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20111230205627/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g8cvj3048f4WEB6UQuim80MKqhVA Malawi president takes over as AU president], AFP, 31 January 2010&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2010
|31 January 2011
|{{flag|Malawi|2010}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography According to the AU] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006153642/http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography |date=6 October 2011 }}, his official style is ''Son Excellence Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Président de la République, Chef de l'État et Président Fondateur du Parti Démocratique de Guinée Equatoriale'' {{in lang|fr}}. Retrieved 4 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2011
|29 January 2012
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Yayi Boni]]
|29 January 2012
|27 January 2013
|{{flag|Benin}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Hailemariam Desalegn]]
|27 January 2013
|30 January 2014
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz]]
|30 January 2014
|30 January 2015
|{{flag|Mauritania|1959}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Robert Mugabe]]
|30 January 2015
|30 January 2016
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Idriss Déby]]
|30 January 2016
|30 January 2017
|{{flag|Chad}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Alpha Condé]]
|30 January 2017
|28 January 2018
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Paul Kagame]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |title=President Paul Kagame, Elected as New Chairperson of the African Union for the year 2018 - African Union |website=au.int |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205134722/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|28 January 2018
|10 February 2019
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]]
|10 February 2019
|10 February 2020
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |title=South Africa takes over as AU chair: What to expect |website=aljazeera.com |access-date=12 February 2020 |archive-date=12 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212104846/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|10 February 2020
|10 February 2021
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Félix Tshisekedi]]
|10 February 2021
|5 February 2022
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Macky Sall]]
|5 February 2022
|18 February 2023
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Azali Assoumani]]
|18 February 2023
|17 February 2024
|{{flag|Comoros}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Ghazouani]]
|17 February 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|}

=== African Union summits ===
[[File:Niger, Niamey, Boulevard Mali Béro (2)(Rue IB-56).jpg|thumb|300px|left|Billboard in Niamey (Niger) announcing the 33rd AU Summit (2019)]]
{{Clear}}
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
|-
!width=155px| Session
! Host country
! Host city
! Date
! Theme
! Notes
|-
| 37th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|17 February 2024|format=d}}–{{dts|18 February 2024}}|| &quot;Educate and Skill Africa for the 21st Century&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://au.int/en/summit/37 | title=African Union &amp;#124; an Integrated, Prosperous and Peaceful Africa }}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 36th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|18 February 2023|format=d}}–{{dts|19 February 2023}}|| || 
|-
| 35th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 February 2022|format=d}}–{{dts|6 February 2022}}|| ||
|-
| 34th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|6 February 2021|format=d}}–{{dts|7 February 2021}}|| ||
|-
| 33rd&lt;ref name=development&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|title=The 33rd AU Summit kicks off with the 39th Session of the Permanent Representatives Committee &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121172202/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|9 February 2020|format=d}}–{{dts|10 February 2020}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|title=33rd AU Summit : Online accreditation for Journalists now open &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203234748/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;||&quot;Silencing the guns: creating conducive conditions for Africa's development&quot;&lt;ref name=development /&gt;||Agreement for [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]] to become operational in July 2020.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore /&gt; Agreements to reduce gender gap and inequality and to &quot;silence guns&quot; on the continent.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|title=South African President Cyril Ramaphosa elected African Union Chairperson as continent vows to 'silence the guns', boost trade and close gender gap|work=Today News Africa|access-date=2 May 2021|date=9 February 2020|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216015953/https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 12th Extraordinary Summit on [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]]&lt;ref name=extra12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705085754/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Niger}}||[[Niamey]]|| {{dts|4 July 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2019}} || &quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot; || Launch of the [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]]
|- 
| 32nd&lt;ref name=&quot;summit32&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=32nd AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/32 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806201405/https://au.int/en/summit/32 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|10 February 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|11 February 2019}}||&quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot;||
|-
| 11th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra11&gt;{{cite web |title=11th Extraordinary Summit Summary of Key Decisions |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |website=African Union |access-date=22 January 2020 |date=18 November 2018 |archive-date=22 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122180323/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 November 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|18 November 2018}}|| || Agreement reached on reorganisation AU Commission&lt;ref name=extra11 /&gt;
|-
| 31st&lt;ref name=&quot;summit31&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=31st AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/31 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708203337/https://au.int/en/summit/31 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mauritania}}||[[Nouakchott]]|| {{dts|25 June 2018|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra10&gt;{{cite web |title=10th Extraordinary Session of the Assembly on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708005309/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]]|| {{dts|17 March 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|21 March 2018}}|| &quot;Creating One African Market&quot; || Agreement reached on the AfCFTA
|-
| 30th&lt;ref name=summit30&gt;{{cite web |title=30th AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/30 |access-date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=22 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322020614/https://au.int/en/summit/30 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|29 January 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 29th&lt;ref name=summit29&gt;{{cite web |title=29th AU summit |date=5 July 2017 |url=https://au.int/en/summit/29 |access-date=15 November 2017 |archive-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116034051/https://au.int/en/summit/29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 June 2017|format=dm}} – {{dts|4 July 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; ||
|-
| 28th&lt;ref name=summit28&gt;{{cite web |title=28th AU summit |date=30 January 2017 |url=https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |access-date=31 January 2017 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202063411/https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2017|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; || Morocco rejoins the AU after 33 years
|-
| 27th&lt;ref name=summit27&gt;{{cite web |title=27th AU summit |date=July 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=7 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007033940/http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]] || {{dts|10 July 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|18 July 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot; || Launch of [[African Union Passport]]
|-
| 26th&lt;ref name=summit26&gt;{{cite web |title=26th AU summit |date=January 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/26 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=29 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929114302/http://au.int/en/summit/26 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot;||
|-
| [[Third India-Africa Forum Summit]] || {{flag|India}} || [[New Delhi]] || {{dts|26 October 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|29 October 2015}} || &quot;Reinvigorated Partnership—Shared Vision&quot; ||
|-
| 25th&lt;ref name=summit25&gt;{{cite web |title=25th AU summit |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002150945/http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=25th African Union Summit in Johannesburg – African Union Commission media information |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215016/http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Johannesburg]] || {{dts|7 June 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|15 June 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; || Featured Angelina Jolie&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=A Call for Global Support in Ending Women's Violence Done by Angelina Jolie |publisher=Newwatch NGR |url=http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |website=newswatchngr.com |date=February 2016 |access-date=23 February 2016 |archive-date=23 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223171129/http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 24th&lt;ref name=summit24&gt;{{cite web |title=24th AU summit |date=January 2015 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624103215/http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-date=24 June 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–Turkey Summit|| {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|19 November 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|21 November 2014}}|| &quot;A New Model of Partnership to Enhance a Sustainable Development and Integration of Africa&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Second Turkey-Africa Partnership Summit |date=November 2014 |url=http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225225133/http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Africa Turkey 2014 |date=November 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095901/http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 23rd&lt;ref name=summit23&gt;{{cite web |title=23rd AU summit |date=June 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709071223/http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-date=9 July 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|20 June 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|27 June 2014}}|| &quot;Year of Agriculture and food security&quot; ||
|-
| 22nd&lt;ref name=summit22&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd AU summit |date=January 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214161520/http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-date=14 February 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd Ordinary Session of the Summit of the African Union |date=January 2014 |url=http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214002039/http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-date=14 February 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2014}}|| &quot;Year Agriculture and food security, Marking 10th Anniversary of the Adoption of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP)&quot; ||
|-
| Extraordinary Summit on the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&lt;ref name=summiticc&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Extraordinary Summit on ICC |date=October 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220184942/http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-date=20 December 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]
| {{dts|11 October 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|12 October 2013}}|| &quot;Africa's Relationship with the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&quot; || This was in regards to the ICC's non-adherence to AU calls to drop certain charges against sitting leaders and claims that it was disproportionally targeting Africans.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |title=Kenya pushing for African split from International Criminal Court |newspaper=[[Irish Times]] |access-date=30 January 2014 |archive-date=28 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928170024/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 21st&lt;ref name=summit21&gt;{{cite web |title=21st AU summit |date=May 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701003301/http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-date=1 July 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|19 May 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|27 May 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; || 50th Anniversary of the Establishment of the [[Organisation of African Unity]]
|-
| 20th&lt;ref name=summit20&gt;{{cite web |title=20th AU summit |date=January 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509094507/http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-date=9 May 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 January 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|28 January 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; ||
|-
| Diaspora Summit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Global Africa Diaspora Summit |date=May 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916162142/http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-date=16 September 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Sandton, South Africa|Sandton]] || {{dts|23 May 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2012}}|| &quot;Towards the Realisation of a United and Integrated Africa and Its Diaspora&quot; ||
|-
| 19th&lt;ref name=summit19&gt;{{cite web |title=19th African Union (AU) Summit to be held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |date=June 2012 |url=http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002164755/http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|9 July 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|16 July 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| 18th&lt;ref name=summit18&gt;{{cite web |title=18th AU summit |date=January 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614120243/http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-date=14 June 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| [[17th Ordinary African Union Summit|17th]]&lt;ref name=summit17&gt;{{cite web |title=17th AU summit |date=June 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095847/http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{nowrap|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|23 June 2011|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2011}}|| &quot;Youth Empowerment for Sustainable Development&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–India Summit || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|20 May 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2011}}|| &quot;Enhancing partnership: shared vision&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=2nd Africa-India Forum Summit |date=May 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331174105/http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia |archive-date=31 March 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 16th&lt;ref name=summit16&gt;{{cite web |title=16th African Union summit |date=January 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090533/http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|24 January 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2011}}|| &quot;Towards Greater Unity and Integration through Shared Values&quot; ||
|-
| 15th&lt;ref name=summit15&gt;{{cite web |title=15th African Union summit |date=July 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909081209/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-date=9 September 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Uganda}}||[[Kampala]] || {{dts|19 July 2010|format=d}}–{{dts|27 July 2010}}|| &quot;Maternal, Infant, and Child Health and Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 14th&lt;ref name=summit14&gt;{{cite web |title=14th African Union summit |date=January 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122225/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2010|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2010}}|| &quot;Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Africa: Challenges and Prospects for Development&quot; ||
|-
| 13th&lt;ref name=summit13&gt;{{cite web |title=13th African Union summit |date=July 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040008/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|24 June 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 July 2009}}|| &quot;Investing in Agriculture for Economic Growth and Food Security&quot; ||
|-
| 12th&lt;ref name=summit12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th African Union summit |date=January 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040018/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|26 January 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 February 2009}}|| &quot;Infrastructure Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 11th&lt;ref name=summit11&gt;{{cite web |title=The 11th AU summit |date=July 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122200/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Egypt}}||[[Sharm el-Sheikh]] || {{dts|24 June 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2008}}|| &quot;Meeting the Millennium Development Goals on Water and Sanitation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th&lt;ref name=summit10&gt;{{cite web |title=The 10th African Union summit |date=January 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102035957/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2008}}|| &quot;Industrial Development of Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 9th&lt;ref name=summit9&gt;{{cite web |title=9th African Union summit |date=July 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040001/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ghana}}||[[Accra]] || {{dts|25 June 2007|format=dm}} – {{dts|6 July 2007}}|| &quot;Grand Debate on the Union Government&quot; ||
|-
| 8th&lt;ref name=summit8&gt;{{cite web |title=8th African Union summit |date=January 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806145357/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2007|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2007}}|| 1. &quot;Science, Technology and Scientific Research for Development&quot; &lt;br /&gt;2. &quot;Climate Change in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 7th&lt;ref name=summit7&gt;{{cite web |title=7th African Union summit |date=July 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806144655/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Gambia}}||[[Banjul]] || {{dts|25 June 2006|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2006}}|| &quot;Rationalisation of Recs and Regional Integration&quot; ||
|-
| 6th&lt;ref name=summit6&gt;{{cite web |title=6th African Union summit |date=January 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214191451/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-date=14 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Sudan}}||[[Khartoum]] || {{dts|16 January 2006|format=d}}–{{dts|24 January 2006}}|| &quot;Education and Culture&quot; ||
|-
| 5th&lt;ref name=summit5&gt;{{cite web |title=5th African Union summit |date=June 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224163231/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-date=24 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|28 June 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|29 June 2005}}|| ||
|-
| Extraordinary summit on UN Reform&lt;ref name=summitlist&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Summit |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215221812/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-date=15 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|4 August 2005}} || ||
|-
| 4th&lt;ref name=summit4&gt;{{cite web |title=4th African Union summit |date=January 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315081032/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-date=15 March 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Nigeria}}||[[Abuja]] || {{dts|24 January 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2005}}|| ||
|-
| 3rd&lt;ref name=summit3&gt;{{cite web |title=3rd African Union summit |date=July 2004 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207061226/http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-date=7 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|6 July 2004|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2004}}|| ||
|-
| 2nd&lt;ref name=summit2&gt;{{cite web |title=African Union Summit Maputo Mozambique |date=July 2003 |url=http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708083551/http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mozambique}}||[[Maputo]] || {{dts|2 July 2003|format=d}}–{{dts|12 July 2003}}|| ||
|-
| 1st&lt;ref name=summit1&gt;{{cite web |title=OAU/AU summit |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022142733/http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |archive-date=22 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Durban, South Africa|Durban]] || {{dts|28 June 2002}} – {{dts|10 July 2002}}|| &quot;Peace, Development and Prosperity: The African Century&quot; || Notable events include the launch of the African Union.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=1st AU summit: Documents and Speeches |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001222437/http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html| archive-date=1 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}


==== Africa–Caribbean relations ====
{{See also|Group of 77|Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States}}
[[Caribbean]] tiŋgbana pam nyɛla din kpuɣi niya ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ni [[Africa]] tiŋgbana. African Union lihirila Caribbean ka di nyɛ yaɣili din ni tooi pahi buyɔbu  &quot;Sixth Region&quot; tiŋgbana yaɣa din laɣim taba maa puuni.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/ African Union 6th Region Diaspora Headquarters to be established in Accompong, Jamaica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311035309/https://thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/|date=11 March 2023}}, 24 January 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;Caribbean tiŋgbani shɛŋa nyɛla Africa din yihi di maŋ pahi tuma yaɣa ni, n-ti tabili [[Barbados]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Lorna|title=Barbados inks MOU with African Export-Import Bank|url=https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717182615/https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|archive-date=17 July 2022|access-date=17 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[the Bahamas]] ni [[Guyana]], din zaa pahi [[African Export–Import Bank]] ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 December 2022|title=Barbados Parliament ratifies Partnership Agreement with Afreximbank, as Guyanaand Bahamas join CARICOM signatories|url=https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323124813/https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|archive-date=23 March 2023|access-date=10 September 2023|website=African Export-Import Bank}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaha, [[Caribbean Development Bank]] dihila laɣim tum gbana ni n-ti [[African Development Bank]] (AfDB).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/ AfDB, CDB move to deepen Africa, Caribbean cooperation, sign MoU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625194438/https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/|date=25 June 2022}}, June 18, 2022&lt;/ref&gt; [[Antigua and Barbuda]] gba niŋ zaɣa ni Africa mini Caribbean.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-01-09|title=Antigua Airways is airborne and ready to become the &quot;pride of the Caribbean&quot;|url=https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423231330/https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua News Room|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=jennelsa.johnson|date=2023-04-17|title=Government has not given up on Antigua Airways as company seeks to make comeback|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424072842/https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amaa, din nyɛla din ʒi yɛli muɣisira na tiŋgbana loobu ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-28|title=3 dead, 13 missing in Caribbean sinking; 14 Africans saved|url=https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531093832/https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|archive-date=31 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=AP NEWS|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-29|title=Tragedy at sea: Boat carrying African migrants from Antigua capsizes near St Kitts|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520064903/https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|archive-date=20 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-31|title=Fury as gov't says it bears no responsibility for migrant boat tragedy|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419124847/https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|archive-date=19 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Less than 600 West African migrants remain in Antigua {{!}} Loop Caribbean News|url=https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910051756/https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|archive-date=10 September 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Loop News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-07|title=The migrants stranded on an island they had not heard of|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822235248/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|archive-date=22 August 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=BBC News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-02-11|title=Antigua Government says no automatic citizenship for stranded Africans|url=https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423182748/https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=CNW Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{main|Africa–China relations}}

==== Africa–China relations ====
Yaɣ'yini din daabiligu be tooni [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC). [[Forum on China–Africa Cooperation]] nyɛla daabiligu balibu noiŋbu Africa tiŋgbana ni mini China.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|pages=56|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tum FOCAC zaŋ gɔhi taba ni yuuni 2012, African Union gab nyɛla din tim nuu ni tabi-sɔŋ ni, amaa  Africantingbana din be FOCAC na kuli nyɛla din zani ti di maŋa sahakam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|page=57|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Africa–EU relations ====
Zaŋ jendi European Commission polo, European Union's biɛhigu ni Africa nyɛla din kpa talahi. Tooni ha Africa-EU laɣim tum niya ni European Commission mini European External Action Service nyɛla din kahigi Joint Communication ni &quot;Towards a Comprehensive Strategy with Africa&quot;. Di buɣisila laɣim tum ni:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|date=2020-11-03|title=Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085246/https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=International Partnerships - European Commission|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 52020JC0004 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516184133/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|archive-date=16 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=eur-lex.europa.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Green Transition and Energy Access
* Digital Transformation
* Sustainable Growth and Jobs&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mobilising Investments for African structural sustainable transformation {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513082259/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|archive-date=13 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Strengthening Resilience, Peace, Security and Governance {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085847/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Peace, Security and Governance&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot; /&gt;
* Migration and Mobility&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Migration and mobility {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085848/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Lahabali_kɔligu:Eritrea_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg|thumb|[[South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011]]]]
In response to the ongoing [[Darfur conflict]] in Sudan, the AU has deployed 7,000 peacekeepers, many from Rwanda and Nigeria, to [[Darfur]]. While a donor's conference in Addis Ababa in 2005 helped raise funds to sustain the peacekeepers through that year and into 2006, in July 2006 the AU said it would pull out at the end of September when its mandate expires.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=28 June 2006|title=AU Darfur mission 'to end soon'|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826204932/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|archive-date=26 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Critics of the AU peacekeepers, including [[Eric Reeves]], have said these forces are largely ineffective due to lack of funds, personnel, and expertise. Monitoring a large area has made it even more difficult to sustain an effective mission. In June 2006, the [[United States Congress]] appropriated US$173&amp;nbsp;million for the AU force. Some, such as the [[Genocide Intervention Network]], have called for UN or [[NATO]] intervention to augment and/or replace the AU peacekeepers. The UN has considered deploying a force, though it would not likely enter the country until at least October 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Security Council Authorises Deployment of United Nations-African Union 'Hybrid' Peace Operation in Bid To Resolve Darfur Conflict|url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc9089.doc.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815184454/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/sc9089.doc.htm|archive-date=15 August 2007|access-date=26 November 2012|publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; The under-funded and badly equipped AU mission was set to expire on 31 December 2006 but was extended to 30 June 2007 and merged with the [[United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur]] in October 2007. In July 2009 the African Union ceased cooperation with the [[International Criminal Court]], refusing to recognise the international arrest warrant it had issued against Sudan's leader, [[Omar al-Bashir]], who was indicted in 2008 for [[War crime|war crimes]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=5 July 2009|title=African move on Bashir dismissed|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225224733/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The AU struggled to have a strategic role in the independence talks and the reconciliation process of [[South Sudan]], due to overwhelming interests of African and non-African powers, its influence is still limited and not consistent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Sulaiman|first=Abubkar o.|author2=Agoha, Ifeanyi Chuckwu|date=1 October 2013|title=South Sudan Negotiated Independence: A Critique of African Union's Role|journal=European Journal of Sustainable Development|volume=2|issue=3|pages=145–154|bibcode=2013EJSD....2..145S|doi=10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n3p145|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Clear}}

== Economy ==
{{main|Economy of the African Union}}

[[African Continental Free Trade Area|African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)]] nyɛla bɛ ni daa piligi shɛli ni tiŋgbana pihinu ni anahi tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu maa puuni ka di daabilim nyɛ din daa piligi Silimiin goli January dahin yini yuuni 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shendruk|first=Amanda|date=2020-12-31|title=The world's largest free trade area starts up on Jan. 1, 2021|url=https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|access-date=2021-01-04|website=Quartz|language=en|archive-date=4 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104075017/https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[African Export–Import Bank]], nyɛla din yɛn tabi sɔŋ ka bɛ piligi [[Pan-African Payment and Settlement System]]..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |title=Profile: African Union |date=1 July 2006 |access-date=10 July 2006 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060712034155/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |archive-date=12 July 2006 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Clear}}
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]]
(km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|title=The World Bank DataBank {{!}} Explore. Create. Share|website=databank.worldbank.org|access-date=4 February 2017|archive-date=7 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107162640/http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[List of countries by population|Population]]
{{UN_Population|Year}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |title=2015 Human Development Report |last=Office |first=Human Development Report |website=report.hdr.undp.org |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211223435/http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016 |title=The Fragile States Index 2016 {{!}} The Fund for Peace|website=fsi.fundforpeace.org|access-date=12 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204213240/http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016|archive-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2016 |last=e.V. |first=Transparency International |newspaper=transparency.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=30 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170130045244/http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/index/ |title=Index of Economic Freedom: Promoting Economic Opportunity and Prosperity by Country |website=www.heritage.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=29 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629215405/http://www.heritage.org/index/ |url-status=unfit }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016 |title=Vision of Humanity |website=static.visionofhumanity.org |access-date=12 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213091208/http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016|archive-date=13 February 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Press Freedom Index|WPFI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://rsf.org/en/ranking|title=2016 World Press Freedom Index {{!}} Reporters Without Borders|newspaper=RSF|access-date=12 February 2017|archive-date=1 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201195036/https://rsf.org/en/ranking|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |title=Democracy Index 2016 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224070253/http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |archive-date=24 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Country|Algeria}}
|2,381,741
|{{UN_Population|Algeria}}
|548,293,085,686
|13,823
|0.736
|78.3
|34
|50.06
|2.21
|41.69
|3.56
|-
|{{Country|Angola}}
|1,246,700
|{{UN_Population|Angola}}
|173,593,223,667
|6,938
|0.532
|90.5
|18
|48.94
|2.14
|39.89
|3.40
|-
|{{Country|Benin}}
|112,760
|{{UN_Population|Benin}}
|21,016,184,357
|1,932
|0.48
|78.9
|36
|59.31
|2.00
|28.97
|5.67
|-
|{{Country|Botswana}}
|566,730
|{{UN_Population|Botswana}}
|33,657,545,969
|14,876
|0.698
|63.5
|60
|71.07
|1.64
|22.91
|7.87
|-
|{{Country|Burkina Faso}}
|273,600
|{{UN_Population|Burkina Faso}}
|28,840,666,622
|1,593
|0.402
|89.4
|42
|59.09
|2.06
|22.66
|4.70
|-
|{{Country|Burundi}}
|25,680
|{{UN_Population|Burundi}}
|7,634,578,343
|300
|0.4
|100.7
|20
|53.91
|2.50
|54.10
|2.40
|-
|{{Country|Cape Verde}}
|4,030
|{{UN_Population|Cape Verde}}
|3,205,197,585
|6,158
|0.646
|71.5
|59
|66.46
|N/A
|19.82
|7.94
|-
|{{Country|Cameroon}}
|472,710
|{{UN_Population|Cameroon}}
|68,302,439,597
|2,926
|0.512
|97.8
|26
|54.18
|2.36
|40.53
|3.46
|-
|{{Country|Central African Republic}}
|622,980
|{{UN_Population|Central African Republic}}
|2,847,726,468
|581
|0.35
|112.1
|20
|45.23
|3.35
|33.60
|1.61
|-
|{{Country|Chad}}
|1,259,200
|{{UN_Population|Chad}}
|28,686,194,920
|2,044
|0.392
|110.1
|20
|46.33
|2.46
|40.59
|1.50
|-
|{{Country|Comoros}}
|1,861
|{{UN_Population|Comoros}}
|1,098,546,195
|1,393
|0.503
|83.8
|24
|52.35
|N/A
|24.33
|3.71
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Democratic Republic of the}}
|2,267,050
|{{UN_Population|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|56,920,935,460
|300
|0.433
|
|21
|46.38
|3.11
|50.97
|1.93
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Republic of the}}
|341,500
|{{UN_Population|Congo}}
|27,690,345,067
|5,993
|0.591
|92.2
|20
|42.80
|2.25
|35.84
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Djibouti}}
|23,180
|{{UN_Population|Djibouti}}
|2,911,406,226
|3,279
|0.47
|89.7
|30
|55.96
|2.29
|70.90
|2.83
|-
|{{Country|Egypt}}
|1,010,407
|{{UN_Population|Egypt}}
|1,173,000,000,000
|10,250
|0.69
|90.2
|34
|55.96
|2.57
|54.45
|3.31
|-
|{{Country|Equatorial Guinea}}
|28,050
|{{UN_Population|Equatorial Guinea}}
|32,317,928,931
|38,243
|0.587
|85.2
|N/A
|43.67
|1.94
|66.47
|1.70
|-
|{{Country|Eritrea}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |title=Eritrea |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121011902/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|101,000
|{{UN_Population|Eritrea}}
|8,845,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.391
|98.6
|18
|42.7
|2.46
|83.92
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Eswatini}}
|17,204
|{{UN_Population|Eswatini}}
|10,452,834,007
|8,122
|0.531
|87.6
|N/A
|59.65
|2.07
|52.37
|3.03
|-
|{{Country|Ethiopia}}
|1,104,300
|{{UN_Population|Ethiopia}}
|152,057,290,468
|1,530
|0.442
|97.2
|34
|51.52
|2.28
|45.13
|3.60
|-
|{{Country|Gabon}}
|257,670
|{{UN_Population|Gabon}}
|32,539,376,597
|18,860
|0.684
|72
|35
|58.96
|2.03
|32.20
|3.74
|-
|{{Country|Gambia, The}}
|10,120
|{{UN_Population|Gambia}}
|3,140,820,062
|1,578
|0.441
|86.8
|26
|57.14
|2.09
|46.53
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Ghana}}
|227,540
|{{UN_Population|Ghana}}
|108,393,071,924
|3,955
|0.579
|71.2
|43
|63.00
|1.81
|17.95
|6.75
|-
|{{Country|Guinea}}
|245,720
|{{UN_Population|Guinea}}
|14,316,884,358
|1,135
|0.411
|103.8
|27
|53.33
|2.15
|33.08
|3.14
|-
|{{Country|Guinea-Bissau}}
|28,120
|{{UN_Population|Guinea-Bissau}}
|2,521,743,682
|1,367
|0.42
|99.8
|16
|51.81
|2.26
|29.03
|1.98
|-
|{{Country|Ivory Coast}}
|318,000
|{{UN_Population|Ivory Coast}}
|74,916,780,423
|3,300
|0.462
|97.9
|34
|60.01
|2.28
|30.17
|3.81
|-
|{{Country|Kenya}}
|569,140
|{{UN_Population|Kenya}}
|133,592,522,053
|2,901
|0.548
|98.3
|26
|57.51
|2.38
|31.16
|5.33
|-
|{{Country|Lesotho}}
|30,360
|{{UN_Population|Lesotho}}
|5,914,437,068
|2,770
|0.497
|80.9
|39
|50.62
|1.94
|28.78
|6.59
|-
|{{Country|Liberia}}
|96,320
|{{UN_Population|Liberia}}
|3,533,313,381
|500
|0.43
|95.5
|37
|52.19
|2.00
|30.71
|5.31
|-
|{{Country|Libya}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya/ |title=Libya |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109235257/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,759,540
|{{UN_Population|Libya}}
|94,010,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|14,900&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.724
|96.4
|14
|N/A
|3.20
|57.89
|2.25
|-
|{{Country|Madagascar}}
|581,800
|{{UN_Population|Madagascar}}
|33,354,200,458
|1,376
|0.51
|84.2
|26
|61.06
|1.76
|27.04
|5.07
|-
|{{Country|Malawi}}
|94,280
|{{UN_Population|Malawi}}
|19,137,290,349
|1,112
|0.445
|87.6
|31
|51.8
|1.82
|28.12
|5.55
|-
|{{Country|Mali}}
|1,220,190
|{{UN_Population|Mali}}
|33,524,899,739
|1,905
|0.419
|95.2
|32
|56.54
|2.49
|39.83
|5.70
|-
|{{Country|Mauritania}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |title=Mauritania |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=7 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107034713/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,030,700
|{{UN_Population|Mauritania}}
|16,190,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|4,400&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.506
|95.4
|27
|54.8
|2.30
|24.03
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Mauritius}}
|2,030
|{{UN_Population|Mauritius}}
|23,817,914,134
|18,864
|0.777
|43.2
|54
|74.73
|1.56
|27.69
|8.28
|-
|{{Country|Morocco}}
|446,300
|{{UN_Population|Morocco}}
|257,398,957,178
|7,365
|0.628
|74.2
|37
|61.27
|2.09
|42.64
|4.77
|-
|{{Country|Mozambique}}
|786,380
|{{UN_Population|Mozambique}}
|31,326,751,237
|1,120
|0.416
|87.8
|27
|53.19
|1.96
|30.25
|4.02
|-
|{{Country|Namibia}}
|823,290
|{{UN_Population|Namibia}}
|24,043,436,006
|9,778
|0.628
|71.1
|52
|61.85
|1.87
|15.15
|6.31
|-
|{{Country|Niger}}
|1,266,700
|{{UN_Population|Niger}}
|17,857,377,171
|897
|0.348
|98.4
|35
|54.26
|2.24
|24.62
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Nigeria}}
|910,770
|{{UN_Population|Nigeria}}
|1,168,000,000,000
|5,639
|0.514
|103.5
|28
|57.46
|2.88
|35.90
|4.50
|-
|{{Country|Rwanda}}
|24,670
|{{UN_Population|Rwanda}}
|19,216,033,048
|1,655
|0.483
|91.3
|54
|63.07
|2.32
|54.61
|3.07
|-
|{{Country|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|960
|{{UN_Population|Sao Tome and Principe}}
|575,391,345
|3,023
|0.555
|72.9
|46
|56.71
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Senegal}}
|192,530
|{{UN_Population|Senegal}}
|34,398,281,018
|2,274
|0.466
|83.6
|45
|58.09
|1.98
|27.99
|6.21
|-
|{{Country|Seychelles}}
|460
|{{UN_Population|Seychelles}}
|2,384,515,771
|25,525
|0.772
|60.2
|N/A
|62.2
|N/A
|30.60
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sierra Leone}}
|72,180
|{{UN_Population|Sierra Leone}}
|9,511,431,824
|1,474
|0.413
|91
|30
|52.31
|1.81
|29.94
|4.55
|-
|{{Country|Somalia}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/ |title=Somalia |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=1 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701190026/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|627,340
|{{UN_Population|Somalia}}
|5,900,000,000&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|114
|10
|N/A
|3.41
|65.35
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|South Africa}}
|1,213,090
|{{UN_Population|South Africa}}
|742,461,000,000
|12,393
|0.666
|69.9
|45
|61.9
|2.32
|21.92
|7.41
|-
|{{Country|South Sudan}}
|619,745
|{{UN_Population|South Sudan}}
|21,484,823,398
|1,741
|0.467
|113.8
|11
|N/A
|3.59
|44.87
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sudan}}
|1,886,086
|{{UN_Population|Sudan}}
|165,813,461,495
|4,121
|0.479
|111.5
|14
|N/A
|3.27
|72.53
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Tanzania}}
|885,800
|{{UN_Population|United Republic of Tanzania}}
|130,297,806,032
|2,510
|0.521
|81.8
|32
|58.46
|1.90
|28.65
|5.76
|-
|{{Country|Togo}}
|54,390
|{{UN_Population|Togo}}
|10,018,697,437
|1,372
|0.484
|85.8
|32
|53.64
|1.95
|30.31
|3.32
|-
|{{Country|Tunisia}}
|155,360
|{{UN_Population|Tunisia}}
|121,200,025,401
|10,770
|0.721
|74.6
|41
|57.55
|1.95
|31.60
|6.40
|-
|{{Country|Uganda}}
|200,520
|{{UN_Population|Uganda}}
|67,856,334,117
|1,738
|0.483
|97.7
|25
|59.26
|2.15
|32.58
|5.26
|-
|{{Country|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 June 2007 |title=Western Sahara |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|266,000
|{{UN_Population|Western Sahara}}
|906,500,000&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2,500&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Zambia}}
|743,390
|{{UN_Population|Zambia}}
|58,400,082,027
|3,602
|0.586
|86.3
|38
|58.79
|1.78
|35.08
|5.99
|-
|{{Country|Zimbabwe}}
|386,850
|{{UN_Population|Zimbabwe}}
|26,180,942,292
|500
|0.509
|100.5
|22
|38.23
|2.32
|40.41
|3.05
|-
|'''{{noflag|African Union}}'''
|30,370,000
|{{UN_Population|Africa}}
|5,457,724,064,668
|4,602
|0.524&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|88.99&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|31.51&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|55.55&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2.27
|37.89
|4.30
|-
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]] (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015
![[List of countries by population|Population]] {{UN_Population|Year}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016
![[Reporters Without Borders|WPFI]]
2016
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016
|}

== Lihimi m-pahi ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Africa Adaptation Initiative]]
* [[African Century]]
* [[African Peer Review Mechanism]]
* [[African Renaissance]]
* [[African Standby Force]]
* [[African Unification Front]]
* [[Africanisation]]
* [[Central Asian Union]]
* [[East African Federation]]
* [[Ezulwini agreement]]
* [[Friends of the African Union]]
* [[Indigenous peoples of Africa]]
* [[List of country groupings]]
* [[List of multilateral free-trade agreements]]
* [[Climate adaptation|Prevention of environmental migration]]
* [[Pan-Africanism]]
* [[Pan-African Women's Organization]]
{{div col end}}

== Noosi ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==Kundivihira==
=== Sources ===
{{Reflist}}

=== General and cited references ===
{{Library resources box}}
* [https://web.archive.org</text>
      <sha1>m8eld8ov77stk5hahfoh4ynnxb3gg0x</sha1>
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        <id>5829</id>
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      <text bytes="98000" sha1="080tqp1ohgswnp1nhkg1fc6be8dr03k" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Continental union of African states}}
{{For|the predecessor organisation|Organisation of African Unity}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox geopolitical organisation
| conventional_long_name = African Union
| native_name            = {{Name in various languages
 | name = {{nobold|''(in other official languages)''}}
 | ar = الاتحاد الأفريقي
 | fr = Union africaine
 | pt = União Africana
 | es = Unión Africana
 | sw = Umoja wa Afrika
 }}
| linking_name           = the African Union
| image_flag             = Flag of the African Union.svg
| alt_flag               = Flag of the African Union
| alt_symbol             = 
| symbol_width           = 85px
| motto                  = &quot;A United and Strong Africa&quot;
| anthem                 = &quot;[[Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html |title=African Union anthem, etc |publisher=Africamasterweb.com |access-date=26 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915041714/http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html | archive-date=15 September 2015 | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{center|}}{{Align|center| |style=margin-top:0em}}
| image_map              = Map of the African Union with Suspended States.svg
| alt_map                = An [[Orthographic projection (cartography)|orthographic projection]] of [[Earth|the world]], highlighting the African Union and its member states (green).
| map_width              = 220px
| map_caption            = {{legend2|#2A5C2B|Member states}}&lt;br /&gt;{{legend2|#00D500|Suspended states}}
| org_type               = [[Continental union]]
| membership_type        = Membership
| membership             = {{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
 |title = [[Member states of the African Union|55 member states]]
|{{flag|Algeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Angola|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Benin|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Botswana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Burkina Faso|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp|Suspended}}
|{{flag|Burundi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cameroon|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cape Verde|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Central African Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Chad|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Comoros|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Djibouti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Egypt|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eritrea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eswatini|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ethiopia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Gabon|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Gambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ghana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Guinea|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ivory Coast|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kenya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Lesotho|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Liberia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Libya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Madagascar|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Malawi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mali|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Mauritania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mauritius|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Morocco|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mozambique|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Namibia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Niger|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Nigeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Rwanda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sahrawi Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Senegal|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Seychelles|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sierra Leone|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Somalia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Africa|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Sudan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sudan|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Tanzania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Togo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Tunisia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Uganda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zimbabwe|size=23px}}
}}
{{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
|title = 9 observer states
|{{flag|Haiti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kazakhstan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Latvia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mexico|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Palestine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Serbia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Turkey|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ukraine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates|size=23px}}
}}
| admin_center_type      = Political centres
| admin_center           = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Addis Ababa]]&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;}} |{{nowrap|[[Johannesburg]]&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;}}}}
| largest_settlement_type = urban agglomerations
| largest_city           = 
| largest_settlement     = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Cairo]]}} |{{nowrap|[[Lagos]]}}}}
| languages_type         = Official languages
| languages              = {{hlist | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] | [[English language|English]] | [[French language|French]] | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]]  | [[Swahili language|Swahili]] | and any other [[Languages of Africa|African language]]&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;}}
| demonym                = African
| leader_title1          = [[Chairperson of the African Union|Chairperson]]
| leader_name1           = [[João Lourenço]]
| leader_title2          = [[Chairperson of the African Union Commission|Commission Chairperson]]
| leader_name2           = [[Mahamoud Ali Youssouf]]
| leader_title3          = [[Pan-African Parliament#Presidents of the Pan-African Parliament|Parliamentary President]]
| leader_name3           = [[Fortune Z. Charumbira]]
| legislature            = [[Pan-African Parliament]]
| established_event1     = [[Organisation of African Unity|OAU Charter]]
| established_date1      = 25 May 1963
| established_event2     = [[Abuja Treaty]]
| established_date2      = 3 June 1991
| established_event3     = [[Sirte Declaration]]
| established_date3      = 9 September 1999
| established_event4     = African Union founded
| established_date4      = {{start date and age|2002|07|09}}
| established_event5     = [[History of South Sudan|Admission of]] [[South Sudan]]
| established_date5      = 9 July 2011
| established_event6     = [[Member states of the African Union|Admission of]] [[Morocco]]
| established_date6      = 31 January 2017
| established_event7     = [[African Continental Free Trade Area]] (AfCFTA)
| established_date7      = 1 January 2021
| area_km2               = 29,922,059&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2016&quot;&gt;Corresponds to the terrestrial surface. Including the [[Exclusive Economic Zones]] of each member state, the total area is 43 434 569&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 1,494,988,668{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $8.990 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO/WEOWORLD/IDN/AFQ.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668%2C672%2C612%2C614%2C674%2C676%2C678%2C682%2C684%2C638%2C686%2C688%2C616%2C728%2C748%2C618%2C624%2C692%2C694%2C622%2C626%2C628%2C632%2C636%2C634%2C662%2C611%2C714%2C716%2C469%2C722%2C642%2C643%2C718%2C724%2C734%2C644%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C652%2C732%2C656%2C654%2C738%2C742%2C744%2C746%2C664%2C754%2C666%2C698&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |access-date=8 February 2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714135232/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668,672,612,614,674,676,678,682,684,638,686,688,616,728,748,618,624,692,694,622,626,628,632,636,634,662,611,714,716,469,722,642,643,718,724,734,644,726,646,199,648,733,652,732,656,654,738,742,744,746,664,754,666,698&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,LP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion|Excluding Western Sahara due to lack of data}}
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2024
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $6,330&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal            = {{decrease}} $2.81 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion}}
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2024
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{decrease}} $1,960&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.577
| HDI_year               = 2020
| cctld                  = [[.africa]]
| footnotes              = {{unbulleted list |&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[African Union Commission]]. |&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[Pan-African Parliament]].}}
| official_website       = {{URL|https://au.int}}
| area_rank              = 
| today                  = 
}}

'''African Union''' ('''AU''') nyɛla tiŋgbani bɔbugu laɣingu zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu&lt;ref name=&quot;UIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100033436 |url-access= |title=African Union (AU) |author1=Staff writer |year=2025 |department=UIA Global Civil Society Database |website=uia.org |publisher=[[Union of International Associations]] |agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online |location=Brussels, Belgium |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date=8 January 2025 |via= |quote= |trans-quote= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Member States AU-UN |url=https://www.africanunion-un.org/memberstates |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka nyɛ din be [[Africa]]. AU nyɛla bɛ ni daa niŋ shɛli laɣngu Sirte Declaration din be Sirte, Libya Silimiin goli September yuuni 1999, ka bɛ niya daa nyɛ bɛ kpa African Union. Bɛ daa piligi li Silimiin goli July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002  Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_&amp;_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union,%209%20July%202002.htm |title=Launch of the African Union, 9 July 2002: Address by the chairperson of the AU, President Thabo Mbeki |first=Thabo |last=Mbeki |date=9 July 2002 |publisher=africa-union.org |location=ABSA Stadium, Durban, South Africa |access-date=8 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503210549/http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_%26_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union%2C%209%20July%202002.htm |archive-date=3 May 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ daa mali lala niya ni AU nyɛla di ni tooi zani Organisation of African Unity (OAU) zani, di nyɛla bɛ ni daa kpa shɛli Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1963 ka di ni daa piligi shɛli nyɛ Addis Ababa, gomnantinima pihita ni ayi nyɛ ban daa dihi bɛ nuhi gbana zuɣu zaŋ n-ti li; OAU ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa kari shɛli Silimiin goli  July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002 Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;/&gt; 

African Union ŋɔ nyɛla din mali salo ban kalinli gari 1.3 &quot;billion&quot; ka di tiŋgbani galisim paai kamani  {{convert|30|e6km2|e6sqmi|sigfig=2|abbr=unit}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Manboah-Rockson |first1=Joseph |title=Politics &amp; the Struggle for Democracy in Ghana: An Introduction to Political Science |date=23 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Balli shɛŋa din be di ni nyɛ  Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, n-ti pahi Swahili.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://au.int/en/about/languages |title=AU Languages |access-date=2 May 2021 |publisher=African Union |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407001442/https://au.int/en/about/languages |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

G20 (Group of 20) laɣingu din daa niŋ New Delhi, [[India]] yuuni 2023, African Union nyɛla ban daa kpɛ G20.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=September 9, 2023 |title=African Union made permanent member of G20 at Delhi summit |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/09/african-union-made-permanent-member-of-g20-at-delhi-summit |access-date=December 12, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Overview ==
African Union niyanima n-nyɛ:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Constitutive Act|url=https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415235637/https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|archive-date=15 April 2020|access-date=2 May 2021|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;

# Di ʒi nangbanyini din mali yaa na, taba laɣimbu ni Africa tinsi mini [[Africa|African]] tingbana taba puu biɛri taba zuɣu.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi maŋsulinsi, tiŋgbana taba shebu ni tiŋgbani din kam be din ni maŋsulinsi.
# Ni di kpaŋsi siyaasa mini biɛhigu-daabiligu laɣimbu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋgbana taba sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 November 2024|title=Evolution of Geopolitical Dynamics in Africa|url=https://www.guambia.com.uy/67/evolution-of-geopolitical-dynamics-in-africa/2312/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=Guambia}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The New Power Play in Africa: Russia, China, and the Shifting Sands of Influence|url=https://kcsgroup.com/the-new-power-play-in-africa-russia-china-and-the-shifting-sands-of-influence/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=KCS Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ni di kpaŋsi ka gu ka taɣi [[Africa|African]] zaashee zaŋ chaŋ bɛ suhuyurilim polo di tiŋgbani yaɣa mini di niriba sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi daabiligu tiŋgban sunsuuni, ka mali Charter of the United Nations mini Universal Declaration of Human Rights tumdi tuma.
# Ni di kpaŋsi suhudoo, niriba gubu, ni tiŋgbani yaɣa zanibu chibi.
# Ni di kmpaŋsi maŋsulinsi zalisi, ni gɔmnanti tali din niŋ dede.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi ninsalinima mini niriba fukumsi din be African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights ni mini &quot;human rights instruments&quot; yaɣa din niŋ talahi.
# Ni di zali zalisi din kpa talahi ka che ka tiŋgbani yaɣa maa tumdi di tuma dunia daabiligu ni ni shaawara gbaabu tiŋgbana sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim din nyɛ soha-biɛɣuni dini zaŋti daabiligu,biɛhigu ni kaya ni taɣada biɛhigu ni Africa daabiligu yaɣa zaŋ laɣim taba.
# Ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ninsalisili yaɣa kam n duhi biɛri suŋ Africanima sunsuuni.
# To coordinate and harmonise the policies between the existing and future Regional Economic Communities for the gradual attainment of the objectives of the Union.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim tiŋgbana yaɣa maa ni din dalim vihigu niŋbu, di bahi bahindi tabiibi mini tabiibi zaŋ tum tuma.
# Ni di mini tiŋgbana laɣim tum n-kpihim dɔriti din mali taɣibu mini alaafee kpaŋsibu tiŋgbana ni.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm Africa-union.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604051527/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm|date=4 June 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
{{Main|History of the African Union|History of Africa}}

African Union taarihi pilila &quot;'''First Congress of Independent African States&quot;''', din daa niŋ [[Accra]], [[Ghana]] bini din gbaai Anashaara goli April biɛɣu pinaanu zaŋ chaŋ biɛɣu pishinaayi yuuni 1958. Laɣingu maa niya daa nyɛla di kpa Africa Day, n-ti tabili Organisation of African Unity (OAU), din daa kpa Anashaara goli May biɛɣu pishinaanu yuuni 1963, ni [[African Economic Community]] yuuni 1991.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210205406/http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may|date=10 December 2018}} South African History Online (SAHO), 15 May 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ansarisi maaniba daa ŋme nangbankpeeni ni OAU ka nuu timbu shɛli ninsalilnima fukumsi ni .&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2115736&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Reynolds|first=Paul|date=8 July 2002|title=African Union replaces dictators' club|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601025542/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|archive-date=1 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tɛha din tahi AU kpabu na nyɛla din daa labi niŋ nyɛvuli 1990s sunsuuni Libyan tiŋgbani zuɣulana Muammar al-Gaddafi saha;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Adebajo|first=Adekeye|date=2011-08-26|title=Gaddafi: the man who would be king of Africa|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011605/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Guardian|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbana zuɣulana mini kpɛma zaŋti OAU daa yina ni Sirte Declaration (bɛ ni daa zaŋ Sirte, Libya yuli boli shɛli) Anashaara goli September dabaa awɔi yuuni 1999, ka daa ŋmeri kuŋ bɔri African Union nambu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-12-05|title=The African Union After Gaddafi|url=http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410172928/http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|archive-date=10 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 10, 2001|title=African leaders elect OAU boss|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414032647/https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-08-27|title=New Partnership for Africa's Development – NEPAD {{!}} Poverty Eradication|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419153619/https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html|archive-date=19 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=www.un.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

African Union suuna daa niŋla [[Durban]] Anashaara goli July dabaa awɔi yuuni 2002 ni di tuuli ʒia kuɣulana, South Africa tiŋgbani zuɣulana kuro [[Thabo Mbeki]], Assembly of the African Union tuuli yaɣili ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-11-18|title=The African Union is launched|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416010303/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|archive-date=16 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=Africa Renewal|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Assembly yaɣili din pahiri ayi daa niŋla [[Maputo]] yuuni 2003 ka din pahiri ata daa niŋ [[Addis Ababa]] Anashaara goli July dabaa ayɔbu yuuni 2004.

Tum yuuni 2010, African Union daa mali niya ni di kpa &quot;African [[space agency]]&quot; laɣim taba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=5 September 2010|title=Africa prepares to join the big boys in the space race|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116213335/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|archive-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=6 September 2012|title=Sudanese president calls for African space agency|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102203403/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|archive-date=2 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=11 September 2012|title=Africa eyes joint space agency|url=http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021070210/http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|archive-date=21 October 2013|access-date=21 October 2013|publisher=Phys.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Ezigbo|first1=Onyebuchi|last2=Okpara|first2=Lois|date=9 August 2010|title=AU to Establish African Space Agency|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212084442/http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|archive-date=12 February 2014|access-date=11 December 2015|publisher=All Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Barack Obama]] n daa nyɛ tuuli United States tiŋgbani zuɣulana ŋun ʒi gbana ni ka di alizama African Union ni Addis Ababa Anashaara goli July biɛɣu pihita yini ka dali yuuni 2015. O daa alizama dibu ni, o daa kpaŋsiya ni dunisnims laɣindi niŋdi daabiligu ka tabiri sɔŋdi shikuru baŋsim tooni chandi ni, ni lɛbiginsim mini dahi yɛligibu. Amaa, o daa lahi galim suhuyurilim ni ka tiŋgbani shɛŋa ni mini gɔmnantinima ban zaɣisi sheebu ni, ban bi galisi gaŋbu (n-ti tabili ninuɣ'shɛba ban be [[LGBT]] ni, adiininima mini laɣinsi zuliyanima ni) ni kɔriŋ fahili.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Carol E.|date=28 July 2015|title=Obama Becomes First U.S. President to Address African Union|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|url-status=live|access-date=29 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729094216/http://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|archive-date=29 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 July 2015|title=Remarks by President Obama to the People of Africa|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120220442/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|archive-date=20 January 2017|access-date=29 July 2015|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|via=[[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Treaties ===
{{AU evolution timeline}}

== Siyaasa ==

:
; Financial institutions

* [[African Central Bank]] – [[Abuja]], Nigeria
* [[African Investment Bank]] – [[Tripoli, Libya]]
* [[African Monetary Fund]] – [[Yaoundé]], Cameroon

Lala tuma duri ŋɔ na bi kpa; amaa, komitiinima ban be di kpabu ni nyɛla bɛ ni piigi shɛba. Lal n-nyɛli,  AU malila niya ni di diri laɣ'yini ([[Afro (currency)|Afro]]).

; Alaafee
: [[Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention]] (Africa CDC), daa kpala yuuni 2016 ka di suuna niŋ yuuni 2017. Di tuma du'zuɣuri be la Addis Ababa Ethiopia.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int-2017-01-31&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-01-31|title=Africa CDC Official Launch|url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630023917/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-date=30 June 2018|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb.int-2017-02-02&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-02-02|title=The African Union launches Africa CDC, a Continent-wide Public Health Agency|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180037/https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|work=[[Reliefweb]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc.gov-2017-07-27&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-07-27|title=Africa CDC: Improving Disease Detection and Emergency Response on the African Continent|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180936/https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Inspection visit to Africa CDC Headquarters building site|url=https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205114846/https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|archive-date=5 February 2022|access-date=2022-02-05|website=Africa CDC|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; Ninsalinima fukumsi
: [[African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights]], nyɛla din beni tum yuuni 1986, di be la [[African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights]] fukumsi ni (African Charter) amaa ka ni Constitutive Act of the African Union.
; Polo
: [[African Space Agency]] nyɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2023. Di tuma du'zuɣu be la Cairo.
; Yaa
: [[African Energy Commission]] daa nYɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2008, ka be Algiers.

=== Tiŋgbana din be din ni ===
{{Main|Member states of the African Union}}

[[Member states of the United Nations|UN member states]] din be Africa mini African islands zaa bela AU, ka nyɛ yaɣ'shɛli din tabi [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] (SADR). [[Morocco]] daa yila Organisation of African Unity ni yuuni 1984 ka di nyɛla SADR sulinsi ni ka di daa be, ka di tiŋgbani yaɣili [[Western Sahara]] daa zaŋli kpehi di maŋsulinsi ni.  AU daa lahi labi deei li Anashaara goli January biɛɣu pihita yuuni 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;worldbulletin&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=30 January 2017|title=Morocco rejoins African Union|publisher=Worldbulletin|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|url-status=usurped|access-date=31 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720013737/http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|archive-date=20 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Somaliland]], din nyɛ [[Somalia]] ni deei shɛli, daa sabi gbaŋ ti ni di kpe AU yuuni 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nelson&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Nelson, Elizabeth A.|title=Regional Politics and State Secession|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|year=2021|isbn=978-1-83910-377-3|pages=105}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mali nyɛla bɛ nin daa naa yihi shɛba African Union ni saha biɛla sunsuuni Anashaara goli 19 August 2020 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu niŋ naai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=African Union suspends Mali following coup|work=Agence France-Presse, Reuters|publisher=Deutsche Welle|url=https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913003040/https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|archive-date=13 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anashaara goli 9 October lala yuuni ŋɔ yaha, [[Peace and Security Council]] zaŋti African Union daa paai lala yihibu fukumsi ŋɔ Mali zuɣi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union lifts Mali's suspension imposed in the wake of coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009202811/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|archive-date=9 October 2020|access-date=2020-10-09|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Bɛ daa lahi labi zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa tiŋgbani maa zuɣu Anashaara goli June dahin yini dali yuuni 2021, di sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu ni daa lahi niŋ chira awɔi sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2 June 2021|title=African Union announces 'immediate suspension' of Mali after second coup|work=France 24, Reuters, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912141924/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lala fukumsi ŋɔ daa pani Guinea gba zuɣu African Union ni ANashaara goli September biɛɣu pia dali yuuni 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Alpha Condé]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=10 September 2021|title=African Union suspends Guinea after coup, as envoys arrive for talks|work=France 24, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912022912/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sudan gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pani shɛli zuɣu Anashaara goli 27 October 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmananti shee tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Abdalla Hamdok]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union suspends Sudan over coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027130242/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|archive-date=27 October 2021|access-date=2021-10-27|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Burkina Faso gba nyɛla lala fukumsi ŋɔ ni daa pani shɛli zuɣu African Union ni bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu Anashaara goli 31 January 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AU suspends Burkina Faso after coup as envoys head for talks|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062926/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|archive-date=23 December 2022|access-date=2022-01-31|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nige gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛba zuɣu Anashaara goli 22 August 2023 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣula [[Mohamed Bazoum]]; tum din saha ka [[2023 Nigerien crisis]] pili.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2023-08-22|title=African Union suspends participation of Niger following coup|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|url-status=live|access-date=2023-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906024202/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|archive-date=6 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gabon gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛli zuɣu 31 August 2023 bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmananti sheei [[Ali Bongo Ondimba]] nyaaŋa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Newspaper|first=The Peninsula|date=2023-08-31|title=African Union says to 'immediately suspend' Gabon after coup|url=https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902185942/http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|archive-date=2 September 2023|access-date=2023-08-31|website=thepeninsulaqatar.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{TOC limit|3}}


== Members ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{DZA}}
* {{AGO}}
* {{BEN}}
* {{BWA}}
* {{BFA}} (suspended)
* {{BDI}}
* {{CMR}}
* {{CPV}}
* {{CAF}}
* {{TCD}}
* {{COM}}
* {{COD}}
* {{COG}}
* {{DJI}}
* {{EGY}}
* {{GNQ}}
* {{ERI}}
* {{SWZ}}
* {{ETH}}
* {{GAB}}
* {{GMB}}
* {{GHA}}
* {{GIN}} (suspended)
* {{GNB}}
* {{CIV}}
* {{KEN}}
* {{LSO}}
* {{LBR}}
* {{LBY}}
* {{MDG}}
* {{MWI}}
* {{MLI}} (suspended)
* {{MRT}}
* {{MUS}}
* {{MAR}}
* {{MOZ}}
* {{NAM}}
* {{NER}} (suspended)
* {{NGA}}
* {{RWA}}
* {{SADR}}
* {{STP}}
* {{SEN}}
* {{SYC}}
* {{SLE}}
* {{SOM}}
* {{ZAF}}
* {{SSD}}
* {{SDN}} (suspended)
* {{TZA}}
* {{TGO}}
* {{TUN}}
* {{UGA}}
* {{ZMB}}
* {{ZWE}}
{{div col end}}

==== Observers ====
* {{HAI}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Haiti Will Not Join the African Union |url=https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |website=Haiti Hub |access-date=22 June 2023 |date=22 May 2016 |archive-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622142803/https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ISR}} (suspended as of February 2023)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|title=African Union says Israel's observer status suspended|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908195006/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |author=((i24NEWS)) |date=2022-02-06 |title=Israel dispute erupts at African Union summit |language=en |work=Ynetnews |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |access-date=2022-02-06 |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151241/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{KAZ}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstan's Observer status at the African Union: What Does It Mean for Africa? |url=https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=www.igd.org.za |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327081029/https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{LAT}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-01-11|url=http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|title=Latvia becomes observer to African Union|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia]]|website=www.mfa.gov.lv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918030201/http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|archive-date=18 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{MEX}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-06-18 |title=Chairperson Receives the Credentials of the First Permanent Observer of Mexico to the African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |website=au.int |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901115222/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|Palestine}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-05-27 |title=AU grants Palestine observer status |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |publisher=[[Egypt Independent]] |first=Fathya |last=el-Dakhakhni |website=egyptindependent.com |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=29 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229042151/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{SRB}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 January 2014|language=sr-latn|title=Mrkić na samitu u Adis Abebi|url=https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|website=b92.net|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=16 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071458/https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{TUR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-11 |title=What's driving Turkey's commercial &amp; military relations with Africa? |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en-US |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151227/https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{UKR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-06-22 |title=Ukraine has obtained the observer status in the African Union |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] |website=mfa.gov.ua |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071456/https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ARE}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chairperson Receives Credentials of the Permanent Observer of the United Arab Emirates. {{!}} African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=au.int |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151252/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== African Union tuma ====
{{Supranational African Bodies|align=right|size=500px}}Yuuni 1980 [[Lagos Plan of Action for the Development of Africa]] mini yuuni 1991 varisigu ni African Economic Community kpabu (bɛ ni lahi booni shɛli Abuja Treaty), daa yina ni tɛha din nyɛ [[Regional Economic Communities]] (RECs) kpabu ni niŋ binshɛli din yɛn laɣim Africa taba.&lt;ref&gt;See note on [https://web.archive.org/web/20040906140832/http://www.dfa.gov.za/docs/2003/au0815.htm The Role of the Regional Economic Communities (RECs) as the Building Blocks of the African Union] prepared by the South African Department of Foreign Affairs.&lt;/ref&gt;

Saha ŋɔ, RECs dibaa anii m-be AU. Din nima n-nyɛ:

* [[Arab Maghreb Union]] (AMU)
* [[Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa]] (COMESA)
* [[Community of Sahel-Saharan States]] (CEN-SAD)
* [[East African Community]] (EAC)
* [[Economic Community of Central African States]] (ECCAS)
* [[Economic Community of West African States]] (ECOWAS)
* [[Intergovernmental Authority on Development]] (IGAD)
* [[Southern Africa Development Community]] (SADC)&lt;ref&gt;Decision on the Protocol on Relations between the African Union and the Regional Economic Communities (RECs), Assembly/AU/Dec.166 (IX).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=President of Mauritania Elected as New Chairperson of AU|url=https://www.ena.et/web/eng/w/eng_4033947}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of chairpersons ==
{{main|Chairperson of the African Union}}
[[File:Jakaya Kikwete and Muammar al-Gaddafi, 12th AU Summit, 090202-N-0506A-678.jpg|thumb|left|[[Muammar Gaddafi]] embracing Tanzanian President [[Jakaya Kikwete|Kikwete]] after assuming the chairmanship]]
{{Clear|left}}

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-valign=top
|+Chairpersons of the African Union
|-
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Name
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Beginning of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|End of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Country
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Thabo Mbeki]]
|9 July 2002
|10 July 2003
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Joaquim Chissano]]
|10 July 2003
|6 July 2004
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Olusegun Obasanjo]]
|6 July 2004
|24 January 2006
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]]
|24 January 2006
|24 January 2007
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[John Kufuor]]
|30 January 2007
|31 January 2008
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Jakaya Kikwete]]
|31 January 2008
|2 February 2009
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Muammar al-Gaddafi]]
|2 February 2009
|31 January 2010
|{{flagdeco|Libya|1977}} [[Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|Libya]]
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Bingu wa Mutharika]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE60U05O20100131l Gaddafi fails in bid to remain African Union chair], Reuters, 31 January 2010 {{Dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20111230205627/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g8cvj3048f4WEB6UQuim80MKqhVA Malawi president takes over as AU president], AFP, 31 January 2010&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2010
|31 January 2011
|{{flag|Malawi|2010}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography According to the AU] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006153642/http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography |date=6 October 2011 }}, his official style is ''Son Excellence Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Président de la République, Chef de l'État et Président Fondateur du Parti Démocratique de Guinée Equatoriale'' {{in lang|fr}}. Retrieved 4 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2011
|29 January 2012
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Yayi Boni]]
|29 January 2012
|27 January 2013
|{{flag|Benin}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Hailemariam Desalegn]]
|27 January 2013
|30 January 2014
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz]]
|30 January 2014
|30 January 2015
|{{flag|Mauritania|1959}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Robert Mugabe]]
|30 January 2015
|30 January 2016
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Idriss Déby]]
|30 January 2016
|30 January 2017
|{{flag|Chad}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Alpha Condé]]
|30 January 2017
|28 January 2018
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Paul Kagame]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |title=President Paul Kagame, Elected as New Chairperson of the African Union for the year 2018 - African Union |website=au.int |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205134722/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|28 January 2018
|10 February 2019
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]]
|10 February 2019
|10 February 2020
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |title=South Africa takes over as AU chair: What to expect |website=aljazeera.com |access-date=12 February 2020 |archive-date=12 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212104846/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|10 February 2020
|10 February 2021
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Félix Tshisekedi]]
|10 February 2021
|5 February 2022
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Macky Sall]]
|5 February 2022
|18 February 2023
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Azali Assoumani]]
|18 February 2023
|17 February 2024
|{{flag|Comoros}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Ghazouani]]
|17 February 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|}

=== African Union summits ===
[[File:Niger, Niamey, Boulevard Mali Béro (2)(Rue IB-56).jpg|thumb|300px|left|Billboard in Niamey (Niger) announcing the 33rd AU Summit (2019)]]
{{Clear}}
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
|-
!width=155px| Session
! Host country
! Host city
! Date
! Theme
! Notes
|-
| 37th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|17 February 2024|format=d}}–{{dts|18 February 2024}}|| &quot;Educate and Skill Africa for the 21st Century&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://au.int/en/summit/37 | title=African Union &amp;#124; an Integrated, Prosperous and Peaceful Africa }}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 36th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|18 February 2023|format=d}}–{{dts|19 February 2023}}|| || 
|-
| 35th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 February 2022|format=d}}–{{dts|6 February 2022}}|| ||
|-
| 34th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|6 February 2021|format=d}}–{{dts|7 February 2021}}|| ||
|-
| 33rd&lt;ref name=development&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|title=The 33rd AU Summit kicks off with the 39th Session of the Permanent Representatives Committee &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121172202/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|9 February 2020|format=d}}–{{dts|10 February 2020}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|title=33rd AU Summit : Online accreditation for Journalists now open &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203234748/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;||&quot;Silencing the guns: creating conducive conditions for Africa's development&quot;&lt;ref name=development /&gt;||Agreement for [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]] to become operational in July 2020.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore /&gt; Agreements to reduce gender gap and inequality and to &quot;silence guns&quot; on the continent.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|title=South African President Cyril Ramaphosa elected African Union Chairperson as continent vows to 'silence the guns', boost trade and close gender gap|work=Today News Africa|access-date=2 May 2021|date=9 February 2020|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216015953/https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 12th Extraordinary Summit on [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]]&lt;ref name=extra12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705085754/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Niger}}||[[Niamey]]|| {{dts|4 July 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2019}} || &quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot; || Launch of the [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]]
|- 
| 32nd&lt;ref name=&quot;summit32&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=32nd AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/32 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806201405/https://au.int/en/summit/32 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|10 February 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|11 February 2019}}||&quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot;||
|-
| 11th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra11&gt;{{cite web |title=11th Extraordinary Summit Summary of Key Decisions |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |website=African Union |access-date=22 January 2020 |date=18 November 2018 |archive-date=22 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122180323/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 November 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|18 November 2018}}|| || Agreement reached on reorganisation AU Commission&lt;ref name=extra11 /&gt;
|-
| 31st&lt;ref name=&quot;summit31&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=31st AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/31 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708203337/https://au.int/en/summit/31 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mauritania}}||[[Nouakchott]]|| {{dts|25 June 2018|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra10&gt;{{cite web |title=10th Extraordinary Session of the Assembly on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708005309/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]]|| {{dts|17 March 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|21 March 2018}}|| &quot;Creating One African Market&quot; || Agreement reached on the AfCFTA
|-
| 30th&lt;ref name=summit30&gt;{{cite web |title=30th AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/30 |access-date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=22 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322020614/https://au.int/en/summit/30 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|29 January 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 29th&lt;ref name=summit29&gt;{{cite web |title=29th AU summit |date=5 July 2017 |url=https://au.int/en/summit/29 |access-date=15 November 2017 |archive-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116034051/https://au.int/en/summit/29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 June 2017|format=dm}} – {{dts|4 July 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; ||
|-
| 28th&lt;ref name=summit28&gt;{{cite web |title=28th AU summit |date=30 January 2017 |url=https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |access-date=31 January 2017 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202063411/https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2017|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; || Morocco rejoins the AU after 33 years
|-
| 27th&lt;ref name=summit27&gt;{{cite web |title=27th AU summit |date=July 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=7 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007033940/http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]] || {{dts|10 July 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|18 July 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot; || Launch of [[African Union Passport]]
|-
| 26th&lt;ref name=summit26&gt;{{cite web |title=26th AU summit |date=January 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/26 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=29 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929114302/http://au.int/en/summit/26 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot;||
|-
| [[Third India-Africa Forum Summit]] || {{flag|India}} || [[New Delhi]] || {{dts|26 October 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|29 October 2015}} || &quot;Reinvigorated Partnership—Shared Vision&quot; ||
|-
| 25th&lt;ref name=summit25&gt;{{cite web |title=25th AU summit |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002150945/http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=25th African Union Summit in Johannesburg – African Union Commission media information |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215016/http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Johannesburg]] || {{dts|7 June 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|15 June 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; || Featured Angelina Jolie&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=A Call for Global Support in Ending Women's Violence Done by Angelina Jolie |publisher=Newwatch NGR |url=http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |website=newswatchngr.com |date=February 2016 |access-date=23 February 2016 |archive-date=23 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223171129/http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 24th&lt;ref name=summit24&gt;{{cite web |title=24th AU summit |date=January 2015 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624103215/http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-date=24 June 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–Turkey Summit|| {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|19 November 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|21 November 2014}}|| &quot;A New Model of Partnership to Enhance a Sustainable Development and Integration of Africa&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Second Turkey-Africa Partnership Summit |date=November 2014 |url=http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225225133/http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Africa Turkey 2014 |date=November 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095901/http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 23rd&lt;ref name=summit23&gt;{{cite web |title=23rd AU summit |date=June 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709071223/http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-date=9 July 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|20 June 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|27 June 2014}}|| &quot;Year of Agriculture and food security&quot; ||
|-
| 22nd&lt;ref name=summit22&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd AU summit |date=January 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214161520/http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-date=14 February 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd Ordinary Session of the Summit of the African Union |date=January 2014 |url=http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214002039/http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-date=14 February 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2014}}|| &quot;Year Agriculture and food security, Marking 10th Anniversary of the Adoption of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP)&quot; ||
|-
| Extraordinary Summit on the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&lt;ref name=summiticc&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Extraordinary Summit on ICC |date=October 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220184942/http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-date=20 December 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]
| {{dts|11 October 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|12 October 2013}}|| &quot;Africa's Relationship with the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&quot; || This was in regards to the ICC's non-adherence to AU calls to drop certain charges against sitting leaders and claims that it was disproportionally targeting Africans.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |title=Kenya pushing for African split from International Criminal Court |newspaper=[[Irish Times]] |access-date=30 January 2014 |archive-date=28 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928170024/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 21st&lt;ref name=summit21&gt;{{cite web |title=21st AU summit |date=May 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701003301/http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-date=1 July 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|19 May 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|27 May 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; || 50th Anniversary of the Establishment of the [[Organisation of African Unity]]
|-
| 20th&lt;ref name=summit20&gt;{{cite web |title=20th AU summit |date=January 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509094507/http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-date=9 May 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 January 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|28 January 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; ||
|-
| Diaspora Summit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Global Africa Diaspora Summit |date=May 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916162142/http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-date=16 September 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Sandton, South Africa|Sandton]] || {{dts|23 May 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2012}}|| &quot;Towards the Realisation of a United and Integrated Africa and Its Diaspora&quot; ||
|-
| 19th&lt;ref name=summit19&gt;{{cite web |title=19th African Union (AU) Summit to be held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |date=June 2012 |url=http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002164755/http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|9 July 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|16 July 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| 18th&lt;ref name=summit18&gt;{{cite web |title=18th AU summit |date=January 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614120243/http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-date=14 June 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| [[17th Ordinary African Union Summit|17th]]&lt;ref name=summit17&gt;{{cite web |title=17th AU summit |date=June 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095847/http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{nowrap|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|23 June 2011|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2011}}|| &quot;Youth Empowerment for Sustainable Development&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–India Summit || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|20 May 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2011}}|| &quot;Enhancing partnership: shared vision&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=2nd Africa-India Forum Summit |date=May 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331174105/http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia |archive-date=31 March 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 16th&lt;ref name=summit16&gt;{{cite web |title=16th African Union summit |date=January 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090533/http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|24 January 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2011}}|| &quot;Towards Greater Unity and Integration through Shared Values&quot; ||
|-
| 15th&lt;ref name=summit15&gt;{{cite web |title=15th African Union summit |date=July 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909081209/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-date=9 September 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Uganda}}||[[Kampala]] || {{dts|19 July 2010|format=d}}–{{dts|27 July 2010}}|| &quot;Maternal, Infant, and Child Health and Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 14th&lt;ref name=summit14&gt;{{cite web |title=14th African Union summit |date=January 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122225/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2010|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2010}}|| &quot;Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Africa: Challenges and Prospects for Development&quot; ||
|-
| 13th&lt;ref name=summit13&gt;{{cite web |title=13th African Union summit |date=July 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040008/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|24 June 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 July 2009}}|| &quot;Investing in Agriculture for Economic Growth and Food Security&quot; ||
|-
| 12th&lt;ref name=summit12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th African Union summit |date=January 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040018/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|26 January 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 February 2009}}|| &quot;Infrastructure Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 11th&lt;ref name=summit11&gt;{{cite web |title=The 11th AU summit |date=July 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122200/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Egypt}}||[[Sharm el-Sheikh]] || {{dts|24 June 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2008}}|| &quot;Meeting the Millennium Development Goals on Water and Sanitation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th&lt;ref name=summit10&gt;{{cite web |title=The 10th African Union summit |date=January 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102035957/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2008}}|| &quot;Industrial Development of Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 9th&lt;ref name=summit9&gt;{{cite web |title=9th African Union summit |date=July 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040001/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ghana}}||[[Accra]] || {{dts|25 June 2007|format=dm}} – {{dts|6 July 2007}}|| &quot;Grand Debate on the Union Government&quot; ||
|-
| 8th&lt;ref name=summit8&gt;{{cite web |title=8th African Union summit |date=January 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806145357/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2007|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2007}}|| 1. &quot;Science, Technology and Scientific Research for Development&quot; &lt;br /&gt;2. &quot;Climate Change in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 7th&lt;ref name=summit7&gt;{{cite web |title=7th African Union summit |date=July 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806144655/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Gambia}}||[[Banjul]] || {{dts|25 June 2006|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2006}}|| &quot;Rationalisation of Recs and Regional Integration&quot; ||
|-
| 6th&lt;ref name=summit6&gt;{{cite web |title=6th African Union summit |date=January 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214191451/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-date=14 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Sudan}}||[[Khartoum]] || {{dts|16 January 2006|format=d}}–{{dts|24 January 2006}}|| &quot;Education and Culture&quot; ||
|-
| 5th&lt;ref name=summit5&gt;{{cite web |title=5th African Union summit |date=June 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224163231/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-date=24 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|28 June 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|29 June 2005}}|| ||
|-
| Extraordinary summit on UN Reform&lt;ref name=summitlist&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Summit |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215221812/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-date=15 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|4 August 2005}} || ||
|-
| 4th&lt;ref name=summit4&gt;{{cite web |title=4th African Union summit |date=January 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315081032/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-date=15 March 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Nigeria}}||[[Abuja]] || {{dts|24 January 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2005}}|| ||
|-
| 3rd&lt;ref name=summit3&gt;{{cite web |title=3rd African Union summit |date=July 2004 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207061226/http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-date=7 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|6 July 2004|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2004}}|| ||
|-
| 2nd&lt;ref name=summit2&gt;{{cite web |title=African Union Summit Maputo Mozambique |date=July 2003 |url=http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708083551/http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mozambique}}||[[Maputo]] || {{dts|2 July 2003|format=d}}–{{dts|12 July 2003}}|| ||
|-
| 1st&lt;ref name=summit1&gt;{{cite web |title=OAU/AU summit |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022142733/http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |archive-date=22 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Durban, South Africa|Durban]] || {{dts|28 June 2002}} – {{dts|10 July 2002}}|| &quot;Peace, Development and Prosperity: The African Century&quot; || Notable events include the launch of the African Union.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=1st AU summit: Documents and Speeches |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001222437/http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html| archive-date=1 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}


==== Africa–Caribbean relations ====
{{See also|Group of 77|Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States}}
[[Caribbean]] tiŋgbana pam nyɛla din kpuɣi niya ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ni [[Africa]] tiŋgbana. African Union lihirila Caribbean ka di nyɛ yaɣili din ni tooi pahi buyɔbu  &quot;Sixth Region&quot; tiŋgbana yaɣa din laɣim taba maa puuni.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/ African Union 6th Region Diaspora Headquarters to be established in Accompong, Jamaica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311035309/https://thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/|date=11 March 2023}}, 24 January 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;Caribbean tiŋgbani shɛŋa nyɛla Africa din yihi di maŋ pahi tuma yaɣa ni, n-ti tabili [[Barbados]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Lorna|title=Barbados inks MOU with African Export-Import Bank|url=https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717182615/https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|archive-date=17 July 2022|access-date=17 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[the Bahamas]] ni [[Guyana]], din zaa pahi [[African Export–Import Bank]] ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 December 2022|title=Barbados Parliament ratifies Partnership Agreement with Afreximbank, as Guyanaand Bahamas join CARICOM signatories|url=https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323124813/https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|archive-date=23 March 2023|access-date=10 September 2023|website=African Export-Import Bank}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaha, [[Caribbean Development Bank]] dihila laɣim tum gbana ni n-ti [[African Development Bank]] (AfDB).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/ AfDB, CDB move to deepen Africa, Caribbean cooperation, sign MoU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625194438/https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/|date=25 June 2022}}, June 18, 2022&lt;/ref&gt; [[Antigua and Barbuda]] gba niŋ zaɣa ni Africa mini Caribbean.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-01-09|title=Antigua Airways is airborne and ready to become the &quot;pride of the Caribbean&quot;|url=https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423231330/https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua News Room|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=jennelsa.johnson|date=2023-04-17|title=Government has not given up on Antigua Airways as company seeks to make comeback|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424072842/https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amaa, din nyɛla din ʒi yɛli muɣisira na tiŋgbana loobu ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-28|title=3 dead, 13 missing in Caribbean sinking; 14 Africans saved|url=https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531093832/https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|archive-date=31 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=AP NEWS|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-29|title=Tragedy at sea: Boat carrying African migrants from Antigua capsizes near St Kitts|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520064903/https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|archive-date=20 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-31|title=Fury as gov't says it bears no responsibility for migrant boat tragedy|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419124847/https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|archive-date=19 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Less than 600 West African migrants remain in Antigua {{!}} Loop Caribbean News|url=https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910051756/https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|archive-date=10 September 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Loop News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-07|title=The migrants stranded on an island they had not heard of|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822235248/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|archive-date=22 August 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=BBC News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-02-11|title=Antigua Government says no automatic citizenship for stranded Africans|url=https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423182748/https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=CNW Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{main|Africa–China relations}}

==== Africa–China relations ====
Yaɣ'yini din daabiligu be tooni [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC). [[Forum on China–Africa Cooperation]] nyɛla daabiligu balibu noiŋbu Africa tiŋgbana ni mini China.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|pages=56|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tum FOCAC zaŋ gɔhi taba ni yuuni 2012, African Union gab nyɛla din tim nuu ni tabi-sɔŋ ni, amaa  Africantingbana din be FOCAC na kuli nyɛla din zani ti di maŋa sahakam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|page=57|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Africa–EU relations ====
Zaŋ jendi European Commission polo, European Union's biɛhigu ni Africa nyɛla din kpa talahi. Tooni ha Africa-EU laɣim tum niya ni European Commission mini European External Action Service nyɛla din kahigi Joint Communication ni &quot;Towards a Comprehensive Strategy with Africa&quot;. Di buɣisila laɣim tum ni:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|date=2020-11-03|title=Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085246/https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=International Partnerships - European Commission|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 52020JC0004 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516184133/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|archive-date=16 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=eur-lex.europa.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Green Transition and Energy Access
* Digital Transformation
* Sustainable Growth and Jobs&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mobilising Investments for African structural sustainable transformation {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513082259/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|archive-date=13 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Strengthening Resilience, Peace, Security and Governance {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085847/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Peace, Security and Governance&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot; /&gt;
* Migration and Mobility&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Migration and mobility {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085848/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Lahabali_kɔligu:Eritrea_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg|thumb|[[South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011]]]]
In response to the ongoing [[Darfur conflict]] in Sudan, the AU has deployed 7,000 peacekeepers, many from Rwanda and Nigeria, to [[Darfur]]. While a donor's conference in Addis Ababa in 2005 helped raise funds to sustain the peacekeepers through that year and into 2006, in July 2006 the AU said it would pull out at the end of September when its mandate expires.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=28 June 2006|title=AU Darfur mission 'to end soon'|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826204932/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|archive-date=26 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Critics of the AU peacekeepers, including [[Eric Reeves]], have said these forces are largely ineffective due to lack of funds, personnel, and expertise. Monitoring a large area has made it even more difficult to sustain an effective mission. In June 2006, the [[United States Congress]] appropriated US$173&amp;nbsp;million for the AU force. Some, such as the [[Genocide Intervention Network]], have called for UN or [[NATO]] intervention to augment and/or replace the AU peacekeepers. The UN has considered deploying a force, though it would not likely enter the country until at least October 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Security Council Authorises Deployment of United Nations-African Union 'Hybrid' Peace Operation in Bid To Resolve Darfur Conflict|url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc9089.doc.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815184454/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/sc9089.doc.htm|archive-date=15 August 2007|access-date=26 November 2012|publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; The under-funded and badly equipped AU mission was set to expire on 31 December 2006 but was extended to 30 June 2007 and merged with the [[United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur]] in October 2007. In July 2009 the African Union ceased cooperation with the [[International Criminal Court]], refusing to recognise the international arrest warrant it had issued against Sudan's leader, [[Omar al-Bashir]], who was indicted in 2008 for [[War crime|war crimes]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=5 July 2009|title=African move on Bashir dismissed|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225224733/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The AU struggled to have a strategic role in the independence talks and the reconciliation process of [[South Sudan]], due to overwhelming interests of African and non-African powers, its influence is still limited and not consistent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Sulaiman|first=Abubkar o.|author2=Agoha, Ifeanyi Chuckwu|date=1 October 2013|title=South Sudan Negotiated Independence: A Critique of African Union's Role|journal=European Journal of Sustainable Development|volume=2|issue=3|pages=145–154|bibcode=2013EJSD....2..145S|doi=10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n3p145|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Clear}}

== Economy ==
{{main|Economy of the African Union}}

[[African Continental Free Trade Area|African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)]] nyɛla bɛ ni daa piligi shɛli ni tiŋgbana pihinu ni anahi tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu maa puuni ka di daabilim nyɛ din daa piligi Silimiin goli January dahin yini yuuni 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shendruk|first=Amanda|date=2020-12-31|title=The world's largest free trade area starts up on Jan. 1, 2021|url=https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|access-date=2021-01-04|website=Quartz|language=en|archive-date=4 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104075017/https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[African Export–Import Bank]], nyɛla din yɛn tabi sɔŋ ka bɛ piligi [[Pan-African Payment and Settlement System]]..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |title=Profile: African Union |date=1 July 2006 |access-date=10 July 2006 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060712034155/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |archive-date=12 July 2006 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Clear}}
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]]
(km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|title=The World Bank DataBank {{!}} Explore. Create. Share|website=databank.worldbank.org|access-date=4 February 2017|archive-date=7 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107162640/http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[List of countries by population|Population]]
{{UN_Population|Year}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |title=2015 Human Development Report |last=Office |first=Human Development Report |website=report.hdr.undp.org |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211223435/http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016 |title=The Fragile States Index 2016 {{!}} The Fund for Peace|website=fsi.fundforpeace.org|access-date=12 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204213240/http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016|archive-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2016 |last=e.V. |first=Transparency International |newspaper=transparency.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=30 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170130045244/http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/index/ |title=Index of Economic Freedom: Promoting Economic Opportunity and Prosperity by Country |website=www.heritage.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=29 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629215405/http://www.heritage.org/index/ |url-status=unfit }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016 |title=Vision of Humanity |website=static.visionofhumanity.org |access-date=12 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213091208/http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016|archive-date=13 February 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Press Freedom Index|WPFI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://rsf.org/en/ranking|title=2016 World Press Freedom Index {{!}} Reporters Without Borders|newspaper=RSF|access-date=12 February 2017|archive-date=1 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201195036/https://rsf.org/en/ranking|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |title=Democracy Index 2016 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224070253/http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |archive-date=24 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Country|Algeria}}
|2,381,741
|{{UN_Population|Algeria}}
|548,293,085,686
|13,823
|0.736
|78.3
|34
|50.06
|2.21
|41.69
|3.56
|-
|{{Country|Angola}}
|1,246,700
|{{UN_Population|Angola}}
|173,593,223,667
|6,938
|0.532
|90.5
|18
|48.94
|2.14
|39.89
|3.40
|-
|{{Country|Benin}}
|112,760
|{{UN_Population|Benin}}
|21,016,184,357
|1,932
|0.48
|78.9
|36
|59.31
|2.00
|28.97
|5.67
|-
|{{Country|Botswana}}
|566,730
|{{UN_Population|Botswana}}
|33,657,545,969
|14,876
|0.698
|63.5
|60
|71.07
|1.64
|22.91
|7.87
|-
|{{Country|Burkina Faso}}
|273,600
|{{UN_Population|Burkina Faso}}
|28,840,666,622
|1,593
|0.402
|89.4
|42
|59.09
|2.06
|22.66
|4.70
|-
|{{Country|Burundi}}
|25,680
|{{UN_Population|Burundi}}
|7,634,578,343
|300
|0.4
|100.7
|20
|53.91
|2.50
|54.10
|2.40
|-
|{{Country|Cape Verde}}
|4,030
|{{UN_Population|Cape Verde}}
|3,205,197,585
|6,158
|0.646
|71.5
|59
|66.46
|N/A
|19.82
|7.94
|-
|{{Country|Cameroon}}
|472,710
|{{UN_Population|Cameroon}}
|68,302,439,597
|2,926
|0.512
|97.8
|26
|54.18
|2.36
|40.53
|3.46
|-
|{{Country|Central African Republic}}
|622,980
|{{UN_Population|Central African Republic}}
|2,847,726,468
|581
|0.35
|112.1
|20
|45.23
|3.35
|33.60
|1.61
|-
|{{Country|Chad}}
|1,259,200
|{{UN_Population|Chad}}
|28,686,194,920
|2,044
|0.392
|110.1
|20
|46.33
|2.46
|40.59
|1.50
|-
|{{Country|Comoros}}
|1,861
|{{UN_Population|Comoros}}
|1,098,546,195
|1,393
|0.503
|83.8
|24
|52.35
|N/A
|24.33
|3.71
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Democratic Republic of the}}
|2,267,050
|{{UN_Population|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|56,920,935,460
|300
|0.433
|
|21
|46.38
|3.11
|50.97
|1.93
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Republic of the}}
|341,500
|{{UN_Population|Congo}}
|27,690,345,067
|5,993
|0.591
|92.2
|20
|42.80
|2.25
|35.84
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Djibouti}}
|23,180
|{{UN_Population|Djibouti}}
|2,911,406,226
|3,279
|0.47
|89.7
|30
|55.96
|2.29
|70.90
|2.83
|-
|{{Country|Egypt}}
|1,010,407
|{{UN_Population|Egypt}}
|1,173,000,000,000
|10,250
|0.69
|90.2
|34
|55.96
|2.57
|54.45
|3.31
|-
|{{Country|Equatorial Guinea}}
|28,050
|{{UN_Population|Equatorial Guinea}}
|32,317,928,931
|38,243
|0.587
|85.2
|N/A
|43.67
|1.94
|66.47
|1.70
|-
|{{Country|Eritrea}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |title=Eritrea |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121011902/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|101,000
|{{UN_Population|Eritrea}}
|8,845,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.391
|98.6
|18
|42.7
|2.46
|83.92
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Eswatini}}
|17,204
|{{UN_Population|Eswatini}}
|10,452,834,007
|8,122
|0.531
|87.6
|N/A
|59.65
|2.07
|52.37
|3.03
|-
|{{Country|Ethiopia}}
|1,104,300
|{{UN_Population|Ethiopia}}
|152,057,290,468
|1,530
|0.442
|97.2
|34
|51.52
|2.28
|45.13
|3.60
|-
|{{Country|Gabon}}
|257,670
|{{UN_Population|Gabon}}
|32,539,376,597
|18,860
|0.684
|72
|35
|58.96
|2.03
|32.20
|3.74
|-
|{{Country|Gambia, The}}
|10,120
|{{UN_Population|Gambia}}
|3,140,820,062
|1,578
|0.441
|86.8
|26
|57.14
|2.09
|46.53
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Ghana}}
|227,540
|{{UN_Population|Ghana}}
|108,393,071,924
|3,955
|0.579
|71.2
|43
|63.00
|1.81
|17.95
|6.75
|-
|{{Country|Guinea}}
|245,720
|{{UN_Population|Guinea}}
|14,316,884,358
|1,135
|0.411
|103.8
|27
|53.33
|2.15
|33.08
|3.14
|-
|{{Country|Guinea-Bissau}}
|28,120
|{{UN_Population|Guinea-Bissau}}
|2,521,743,682
|1,367
|0.42
|99.8
|16
|51.81
|2.26
|29.03
|1.98
|-
|{{Country|Ivory Coast}}
|318,000
|{{UN_Population|Ivory Coast}}
|74,916,780,423
|3,300
|0.462
|97.9
|34
|60.01
|2.28
|30.17
|3.81
|-
|{{Country|Kenya}}
|569,140
|{{UN_Population|Kenya}}
|133,592,522,053
|2,901
|0.548
|98.3
|26
|57.51
|2.38
|31.16
|5.33
|-
|{{Country|Lesotho}}
|30,360
|{{UN_Population|Lesotho}}
|5,914,437,068
|2,770
|0.497
|80.9
|39
|50.62
|1.94
|28.78
|6.59
|-
|{{Country|Liberia}}
|96,320
|{{UN_Population|Liberia}}
|3,533,313,381
|500
|0.43
|95.5
|37
|52.19
|2.00
|30.71
|5.31
|-
|{{Country|Libya}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya/ |title=Libya |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109235257/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,759,540
|{{UN_Population|Libya}}
|94,010,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|14,900&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.724
|96.4
|14
|N/A
|3.20
|57.89
|2.25
|-
|{{Country|Madagascar}}
|581,800
|{{UN_Population|Madagascar}}
|33,354,200,458
|1,376
|0.51
|84.2
|26
|61.06
|1.76
|27.04
|5.07
|-
|{{Country|Malawi}}
|94,280
|{{UN_Population|Malawi}}
|19,137,290,349
|1,112
|0.445
|87.6
|31
|51.8
|1.82
|28.12
|5.55
|-
|{{Country|Mali}}
|1,220,190
|{{UN_Population|Mali}}
|33,524,899,739
|1,905
|0.419
|95.2
|32
|56.54
|2.49
|39.83
|5.70
|-
|{{Country|Mauritania}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |title=Mauritania |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=7 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107034713/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,030,700
|{{UN_Population|Mauritania}}
|16,190,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|4,400&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.506
|95.4
|27
|54.8
|2.30
|24.03
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Mauritius}}
|2,030
|{{UN_Population|Mauritius}}
|23,817,914,134
|18,864
|0.777
|43.2
|54
|74.73
|1.56
|27.69
|8.28
|-
|{{Country|Morocco}}
|446,300
|{{UN_Population|Morocco}}
|257,398,957,178
|7,365
|0.628
|74.2
|37
|61.27
|2.09
|42.64
|4.77
|-
|{{Country|Mozambique}}
|786,380
|{{UN_Population|Mozambique}}
|31,326,751,237
|1,120
|0.416
|87.8
|27
|53.19
|1.96
|30.25
|4.02
|-
|{{Country|Namibia}}
|823,290
|{{UN_Population|Namibia}}
|24,043,436,006
|9,778
|0.628
|71.1
|52
|61.85
|1.87
|15.15
|6.31
|-
|{{Country|Niger}}
|1,266,700
|{{UN_Population|Niger}}
|17,857,377,171
|897
|0.348
|98.4
|35
|54.26
|2.24
|24.62
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Nigeria}}
|910,770
|{{UN_Population|Nigeria}}
|1,168,000,000,000
|5,639
|0.514
|103.5
|28
|57.46
|2.88
|35.90
|4.50
|-
|{{Country|Rwanda}}
|24,670
|{{UN_Population|Rwanda}}
|19,216,033,048
|1,655
|0.483
|91.3
|54
|63.07
|2.32
|54.61
|3.07
|-
|{{Country|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|960
|{{UN_Population|Sao Tome and Principe}}
|575,391,345
|3,023
|0.555
|72.9
|46
|56.71
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Senegal}}
|192,530
|{{UN_Population|Senegal}}
|34,398,281,018
|2,274
|0.466
|83.6
|45
|58.09
|1.98
|27.99
|6.21
|-
|{{Country|Seychelles}}
|460
|{{UN_Population|Seychelles}}
|2,384,515,771
|25,525
|0.772
|60.2
|N/A
|62.2
|N/A
|30.60
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sierra Leone}}
|72,180
|{{UN_Population|Sierra Leone}}
|9,511,431,824
|1,474
|0.413
|91
|30
|52.31
|1.81
|29.94
|4.55
|-
|{{Country|Somalia}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/ |title=Somalia |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=1 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701190026/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|627,340
|{{UN_Population|Somalia}}
|5,900,000,000&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|114
|10
|N/A
|3.41
|65.35
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|South Africa}}
|1,213,090
|{{UN_Population|South Africa}}
|742,461,000,000
|12,393
|0.666
|69.9
|45
|61.9
|2.32
|21.92
|7.41
|-
|{{Country|South Sudan}}
|619,745
|{{UN_Population|South Sudan}}
|21,484,823,398
|1,741
|0.467
|113.8
|11
|N/A
|3.59
|44.87
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sudan}}
|1,886,086
|{{UN_Population|Sudan}}
|165,813,461,495
|4,121
|0.479
|111.5
|14
|N/A
|3.27
|72.53
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Tanzania}}
|885,800
|{{UN_Population|United Republic of Tanzania}}
|130,297,806,032
|2,510
|0.521
|81.8
|32
|58.46
|1.90
|28.65
|5.76
|-
|{{Country|Togo}}
|54,390
|{{UN_Population|Togo}}
|10,018,697,437
|1,372
|0.484
|85.8
|32
|53.64
|1.95
|30.31
|3.32
|-
|{{Country|Tunisia}}
|155,360
|{{UN_Population|Tunisia}}
|121,200,025,401
|10,770
|0.721
|74.6
|41
|57.55
|1.95
|31.60
|6.40
|-
|{{Country|Uganda}}
|200,520
|{{UN_Population|Uganda}}
|67,856,334,117
|1,738
|0.483
|97.7
|25
|59.26
|2.15
|32.58
|5.26
|-
|{{Country|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 June 2007 |title=Western Sahara |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|266,000
|{{UN_Population|Western Sahara}}
|906,500,000&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2,500&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Zambia}}
|743,390
|{{UN_Population|Zambia}}
|58,400,082,027
|3,602
|0.586
|86.3
|38
|58.79
|1.78
|35.08
|5.99
|-
|{{Country|Zimbabwe}}
|386,850
|{{UN_Population|Zimbabwe}}
|26,180,942,292
|500
|0.509
|100.5
|22
|38.23
|2.32
|40.41
|3.05
|-
|'''{{noflag|African Union}}'''
|30,370,000
|{{UN_Population|Africa}}
|5,457,724,064,668
|4,602
|0.524&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|88.99&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|31.51&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|55.55&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2.27
|37.89
|4.30
|-
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]] (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015
![[List of countries by population|Population]] {{UN_Population|Year}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016
![[Reporters Without Borders|WPFI]]
2016
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016
|}

== Lihimi m-pahi ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Africa Adaptation Initiative]]
* [[African Century]]
* [[African Peer Review Mechanism]]
* [[African Renaissance]]
* [[African Standby Force]]
* [[African Unification Front]]
* [[Africanisation]]
* [[Central Asian Union]]
* [[East African Federation]]
* [[Ezulwini agreement]]
* [[Friends of the African Union]]
* [[Indigenous peoples of Africa]]
* [[List of country groupings]]
* [[List of multilateral free-trade agreements]]
* [[Climate adaptation|Prevention of environmental migration]]
* [[Pan-Africanism]]
* [[Pan-African Women's Organization]]
{{div col end}}

== Noosi ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==Kundivihira==
=== Sources ===
{{Reflist}}

=== General and cited references ===
{{Library resources box}}
* [https://web.archive.org</text>
      <sha1>080tqp1ohgswnp1nhkg1fc6be8dr03k</sha1>
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      <text bytes="97980" sha1="rxdjsnsw8iw93n8pzost2a96fb1w8qs" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Continental union of African states}}
{{For|the predecessor organisation|Organisation of African Unity}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox geopolitical organisation
| conventional_long_name = African Union
| native_name            = {{Name in various languages
 | name = {{nobold|''(in other official languages)''}}
 | ar = الاتحاد الأفريقي
 | fr = Union africaine
 | pt = União Africana
 | es = Unión Africana
 | sw = Umoja wa Afrika
 }}
| linking_name           = the African Union
| image_flag             = Flag of the African Union.svg
| alt_flag               = Flag of the African Union
| alt_symbol             = 
| symbol_width           = 85px
| motto                  = &quot;A United and Strong Africa&quot;
| anthem                 = &quot;[[Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html |title=African Union anthem, etc |publisher=Africamasterweb.com |access-date=26 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915041714/http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html | archive-date=15 September 2015 | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{center|}}{{Align|center| |style=margin-top:0em}}
| image_map              = Map of the African Union with Suspended States.svg
| alt_map                = An [[Orthographic projection (cartography)|orthographic projection]] of [[Earth|the world]], highlighting the African Union and its member states (green).
| map_width              = 220px
| map_caption            = {{legend2|#2A5C2B|Member states}}&lt;br /&gt;{{legend2|#00D500|Suspended states}}
| org_type               = [[Continental union]]
| membership_type        = Membership
| membership             = {{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
 |title = [[Member states of the African Union|55 member states]]
|{{flag|Algeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Angola|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Benin|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Botswana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Burkina Faso|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp|Suspended}}
|{{flag|Burundi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cameroon|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cape Verde|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Central African Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Chad|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Comoros|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Djibouti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Egypt|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eritrea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eswatini|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ethiopia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Gabon|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Gambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ghana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Guinea|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ivory Coast|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kenya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Lesotho|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Liberia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Libya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Madagascar|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Malawi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mali|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Mauritania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mauritius|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Morocco|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mozambique|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Namibia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Niger|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Nigeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Rwanda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sahrawi Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Senegal|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Seychelles|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sierra Leone|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Somalia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Africa|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Sudan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sudan|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Tanzania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Togo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Tunisia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Uganda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zimbabwe|size=23px}}
}}
{{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
|title = 9 observer states
|{{flag|Haiti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kazakhstan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Latvia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mexico|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Palestine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Serbia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Turkey|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ukraine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates|size=23px}}
}}
| admin_center_type      = Political centres
| admin_center           = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Addis Ababa]]&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;}} |{{nowrap|[[Johannesburg]]&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;}}}}
| largest_settlement_type = urban agglomerations
| largest_city           = 
| largest_settlement     = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Cairo]]}} |{{nowrap|[[Lagos]]}}}}
| languages_type         = Official languages
| languages              = {{hlist | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] | [[English language|English]] | [[French language|French]] | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]]  | [[Swahili language|Swahili]] | and any other [[Languages of Africa|African language]]&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;}}
| demonym                = African
| leader_title1          = [[Chairperson of the African Union|Chairperson]]
| leader_name1           = [[João Lourenço]]
| leader_title2          = [[Chairperson of the African Union Commission|Commission Chairperson]]
| leader_name2           = [[Mahamoud Ali Youssouf]]
| leader_title3          = [[Pan-African Parliament#Presidents of the Pan-African Parliament|Parliamentary President]]
| leader_name3           = [[Fortune Z. Charumbira]]
| legislature            = [[Pan-African Parliament]]
| established_event1     = [[Organisation of African Unity|OAU Charter]]
| established_date1      = 25 May 1963
| established_event2     = [[Abuja Treaty]]
| established_date2      = 3 June 1991
| established_event3     = [[Sirte Declaration]]
| established_date3      = 9 September 1999
| established_event4     = African Union founded
| established_date4      = {{start date and age|2002|07|09}}
| established_event5     = [[History of South Sudan|Admission of]] [[South Sudan]]
| established_date5      = 9 July 2011
| established_event6     = [[Member states of the African Union|Admission of]] [[Morocco]]
| established_date6      = 31 January 2017
| established_event7     = [[African Continental Free Trade Area]] (AfCFTA)
| established_date7      = 1 January 2021
| area_km2               = 29,922,059&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2016&quot;&gt;Corresponds to the terrestrial surface. Including the [[Exclusive Economic Zones]] of each member state, the total area is 43 434 569&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 1,494,988,668{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $8.990 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO/WEOWORLD/IDN/AFQ.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668%2C672%2C612%2C614%2C674%2C676%2C678%2C682%2C684%2C638%2C686%2C688%2C616%2C728%2C748%2C618%2C624%2C692%2C694%2C622%2C626%2C628%2C632%2C636%2C634%2C662%2C611%2C714%2C716%2C469%2C722%2C642%2C643%2C718%2C724%2C734%2C644%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C652%2C732%2C656%2C654%2C738%2C742%2C744%2C746%2C664%2C754%2C666%2C698&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |access-date=8 February 2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714135232/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668,672,612,614,674,676,678,682,684,638,686,688,616,728,748,618,624,692,694,622,626,628,632,636,634,662,611,714,716,469,722,642,643,718,724,734,644,726,646,199,648,733,652,732,656,654,738,742,744,746,664,754,666,698&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,LP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion|Excluding Western Sahara due to lack of data}}
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2024
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $6,330&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal            = {{decrease}} $2.81 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion}}
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2024
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{decrease}} $1,960&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.577
| HDI_year               = 2020
| cctld                  = [[.africa]]
| footnotes              = {{unbulleted list |&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[African Union Commission]]. |&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[Pan-African Parliament]].}}
| official_website       = {{URL|https://au.int}}
| area_rank              = 
| today                  = 
}}

'''African Union''' ('''AU''') nyɛla tiŋgbani bɔbugu laɣingu zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu&lt;ref name=&quot;UIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100033436 |url-access= |title=African Union (AU) |author1=Staff writer |year=2025 |department=UIA Global Civil Society Database |website=uia.org |publisher=[[Union of International Associations]] |agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online |location=Brussels, Belgium |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date=8 January 2025 |via= |quote= |trans-quote= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Member States AU-UN |url=https://www.africanunion-un.org/memberstates |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka nyɛ din be [[Africa]]. AU nyɛla bɛ ni daa niŋ shɛli laɣngu Sirte Declaration din be Sirte, Libya Silimiin goli September yuuni 1999, ka bɛ niya daa nyɛ bɛ kpa African Union. Bɛ daa piligi li Silimiin goli July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002  Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_&amp;_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union,%209%20July%202002.htm |title=Launch of the African Union, 9 July 2002: Address by the chairperson of the AU, President Thabo Mbeki |first=Thabo |last=Mbeki |date=9 July 2002 |publisher=africa-union.org |location=ABSA Stadium, Durban, South Africa |access-date=8 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503210549/http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_%26_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union%2C%209%20July%202002.htm |archive-date=3 May 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ daa mali lala niya ni AU nyɛla di ni tooi zani Organisation of African Unity (OAU) zani, di nyɛla bɛ ni daa kpa shɛli Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1963 ka di ni daa piligi shɛli nyɛ Addis Ababa, gomnantinima pihita ni ayi nyɛ ban daa dihi bɛ nuhi gbana zuɣu zaŋ n-ti li; OAU ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa kari shɛli Silimiin goli  July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002 Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;/&gt; 

African Union ŋɔ nyɛla din mali salo ban kalinli gari 1.3 &quot;billion&quot; ka di tiŋgbani galisim paai kamani  {{convert|30|e6km2|e6sqmi|sigfig=2|abbr=unit}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Manboah-Rockson |first1=Joseph |title=Politics &amp; the Struggle for Democracy in Ghana: An Introduction to Political Science |date=23 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Balli shɛŋa din be di ni nyɛ  Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, n-ti pahi Swahili.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://au.int/en/about/languages |title=AU Languages |access-date=2 May 2021 |publisher=African Union |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407001442/https://au.int/en/about/languages |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

G20 (Group of 20) laɣingu din daa niŋ New Delhi, [[India]] yuuni 2023, African Union nyɛla ban daa kpɛ G20.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=September 9, 2023 |title=African Union made permanent member of G20 at Delhi summit |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/09/african-union-made-permanent-member-of-g20-at-delhi-summit |access-date=December 12, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Overview ==
African Union niyanima n-nyɛ:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Constitutive Act|url=https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415235637/https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|archive-date=15 April 2020|access-date=2 May 2021|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;

# Di ʒi nangbanyini din mali yaa na, taba laɣimbu ni Africa tinsi mini [[Africa|African]] tingbana taba puu biɛri taba zuɣu.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi maŋsulinsi, tiŋgbana taba shebu ni tiŋgbani din kam be din ni maŋsulinsi.
# Ni di kpaŋsi siyaasa mini biɛhigu-daabiligu laɣimbu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋgbana taba sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 November 2024|title=Evolution of Geopolitical Dynamics in Africa|url=https://www.guambia.com.uy/67/evolution-of-geopolitical-dynamics-in-africa/2312/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=Guambia}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The New Power Play in Africa: Russia, China, and the Shifting Sands of Influence|url=https://kcsgroup.com/the-new-power-play-in-africa-russia-china-and-the-shifting-sands-of-influence/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=KCS Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ni di kpaŋsi ka gu ka taɣi [[Africa|African]] zaashee zaŋ chaŋ bɛ suhuyurilim polo di tiŋgbani yaɣa mini di niriba sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi daabiligu tiŋgban sunsuuni, ka mali Charter of the United Nations mini Universal Declaration of Human Rights tumdi tuma.
# Ni di kpaŋsi suhudoo, niriba gubu, ni tiŋgbani yaɣa zanibu chibi.
# Ni di kmpaŋsi maŋsulinsi zalisi, ni gɔmnanti tali din niŋ dede.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi ninsalinima mini niriba fukumsi din be African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights ni mini &quot;human rights instruments&quot; yaɣa din niŋ talahi.
# Ni di zali zalisi din kpa talahi ka che ka tiŋgbani yaɣa maa tumdi di tuma dunia daabiligu ni ni shaawara gbaabu tiŋgbana sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim din nyɛ soha-biɛɣuni dini zaŋti daabiligu,biɛhigu ni kaya ni taɣada biɛhigu ni Africa daabiligu yaɣa zaŋ laɣim taba.
# Ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ninsalisili yaɣa kam n duhi biɛri suŋ Africanima sunsuuni.
# To coordinate and harmonise the policies between the existing and future Regional Economic Communities for the gradual attainment of the objectives of the Union.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim tiŋgbana yaɣa maa ni din dalim vihigu niŋbu, di bahi bahindi tabiibi mini tabiibi zaŋ tum tuma.
# Ni di mini tiŋgbana laɣim tum n-kpihim dɔriti din mali taɣibu mini alaafee kpaŋsibu tiŋgbana ni.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm Africa-union.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604051527/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm|date=4 June 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
{{Main|History of the African Union|History of Africa}}

African Union taarihi pilila &quot;'''First Congress of Independent African States&quot;''', din daa niŋ [[Accra]], [[Ghana]] bini din gbaai Anashaara goli April biɛɣu pinaanu zaŋ chaŋ biɛɣu pishinaayi yuuni 1958. Laɣingu maa niya daa nyɛla di kpa Africa Day, n-ti tabili Organisation of African Unity (OAU), din daa kpa Anashaara goli May biɛɣu pishinaanu yuuni 1963, ni [[African Economic Community]] yuuni 1991.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210205406/http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may|date=10 December 2018}} South African History Online (SAHO), 15 May 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ansarisi maaniba daa ŋme nangbankpeeni ni OAU ka nuu timbu shɛli ninsalilnima fukumsi ni .&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2115736&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Reynolds|first=Paul|date=8 July 2002|title=African Union replaces dictators' club|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601025542/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|archive-date=1 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tɛha din tahi AU kpabu na nyɛla din daa labi niŋ nyɛvuli 1990s sunsuuni Libyan tiŋgbani zuɣulana Muammar al-Gaddafi saha;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Adebajo|first=Adekeye|date=2011-08-26|title=Gaddafi: the man who would be king of Africa|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011605/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Guardian|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbana zuɣulana mini kpɛma zaŋti OAU daa yina ni Sirte Declaration (bɛ ni daa zaŋ Sirte, Libya yuli boli shɛli) Anashaara goli September dabaa awɔi yuuni 1999, ka daa ŋmeri kuŋ bɔri African Union nambu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-12-05|title=The African Union After Gaddafi|url=http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410172928/http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|archive-date=10 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 10, 2001|title=African leaders elect OAU boss|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414032647/https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-08-27|title=New Partnership for Africa's Development – NEPAD {{!}} Poverty Eradication|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419153619/https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html|archive-date=19 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=www.un.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

African Union suuna daa niŋla Durban Anashaara goli July dabaa awɔi yuuni 2002 ni di tuuli ʒia kuɣulana, South Africa tiŋgbani zuɣulana kuro [[Thabo Mbeki]], Assembly of the African Union tuuli yaɣili ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-11-18|title=The African Union is launched|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416010303/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|archive-date=16 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=Africa Renewal|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Assembly yaɣili din pahiri ayi daa niŋla Maputo yuuni 2003 ka din pahiri ata daa niŋ Addis Ababa Anashaara goli July dabaa ayɔbu yuuni 2004.

Tum yuuni 2010, African Union daa mali niya ni di kpa &quot;African space agency&quot; laɣim taba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=5 September 2010|title=Africa prepares to join the big boys in the space race|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116213335/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|archive-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=6 September 2012|title=Sudanese president calls for African space agency|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102203403/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|archive-date=2 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=11 September 2012|title=Africa eyes joint space agency|url=http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021070210/http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|archive-date=21 October 2013|access-date=21 October 2013|publisher=Phys.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Ezigbo|first1=Onyebuchi|last2=Okpara|first2=Lois|date=9 August 2010|title=AU to Establish African Space Agency|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212084442/http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|archive-date=12 February 2014|access-date=11 December 2015|publisher=All Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Barack Obama n daa nyɛ tuuli United States tiŋgbani zuɣulana ŋun ʒi gbana ni ka di alizama African Union ni Addis Ababa Anashaara goli July biɛɣu pihita yini ka dali yuuni 2015. O daa alizama dibu ni, o daa kpaŋsiya ni dunisnims laɣindi niŋdi daabiligu ka tabiri sɔŋdi shikuru baŋsim tooni chandi ni, ni lɛbiginsim mini dahi yɛligibu. Amaa, o daa lahi galim suhuyurilim ni ka tiŋgbani shɛŋa ni mini gɔmnantinima ban zaɣisi sheebu ni, ban bi galisi gaŋbu (n-ti tabili ninuɣ'shɛba ban be [[LGBT]] ni, adiininima mini laɣinsi zuliyanima ni) ni kɔriŋ fahili.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Carol E.|date=28 July 2015|title=Obama Becomes First U.S. President to Address African Union|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|url-status=live|access-date=29 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729094216/http://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|archive-date=29 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 July 2015|title=Remarks by President Obama to the People of Africa|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120220442/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|archive-date=20 January 2017|access-date=29 July 2015|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|via=[[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Treaties ===
{{AU evolution timeline}}

== Siyaasa ==

:
; Financial institutions

* [[African Central Bank]] – [[Abuja]], Nigeria
* [[African Investment Bank]] – [[Tripoli, Libya]]
* [[African Monetary Fund]] – [[Yaoundé]], Cameroon

Lala tuma duri ŋɔ na bi kpa; amaa, komitiinima ban be di kpabu ni nyɛla bɛ ni piigi shɛba. Lal n-nyɛli,  AU malila niya ni di diri laɣ'yini ([[Afro (currency)|Afro]]).

; Alaafee
: [[Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention]] (Africa CDC), daa kpala yuuni 2016 ka di suuna niŋ yuuni 2017. Di tuma du'zuɣuri be la Addis Ababa Ethiopia.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int-2017-01-31&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-01-31|title=Africa CDC Official Launch|url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630023917/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-date=30 June 2018|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb.int-2017-02-02&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-02-02|title=The African Union launches Africa CDC, a Continent-wide Public Health Agency|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180037/https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|work=[[Reliefweb]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc.gov-2017-07-27&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-07-27|title=Africa CDC: Improving Disease Detection and Emergency Response on the African Continent|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180936/https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Inspection visit to Africa CDC Headquarters building site|url=https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205114846/https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|archive-date=5 February 2022|access-date=2022-02-05|website=Africa CDC|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; Ninsalinima fukumsi
: [[African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights]], nyɛla din beni tum yuuni 1986, di be la [[African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights]] fukumsi ni (African Charter) amaa ka ni Constitutive Act of the African Union.
; Polo
: [[African Space Agency]] nyɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2023. Di tuma du'zuɣu be la Cairo.
; Yaa
: [[African Energy Commission]] daa nYɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2008, ka be Algiers.

=== Tiŋgbana din be din ni ===
{{Main|Member states of the African Union}}

[[Member states of the United Nations|UN member states]] din be Africa mini African islands zaa bela AU, ka nyɛ yaɣ'shɛli din tabi [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] (SADR). [[Morocco]] daa yila Organisation of African Unity ni yuuni 1984 ka di nyɛla SADR sulinsi ni ka di daa be, ka di tiŋgbani yaɣili [[Western Sahara]] daa zaŋli kpehi di maŋsulinsi ni.  AU daa lahi labi deei li Anashaara goli January biɛɣu pihita yuuni 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;worldbulletin&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=30 January 2017|title=Morocco rejoins African Union|publisher=Worldbulletin|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|url-status=usurped|access-date=31 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720013737/http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|archive-date=20 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Somaliland]], din nyɛ [[Somalia]] ni deei shɛli, daa sabi gbaŋ ti ni di kpe AU yuuni 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nelson&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Nelson, Elizabeth A.|title=Regional Politics and State Secession|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|year=2021|isbn=978-1-83910-377-3|pages=105}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mali nyɛla bɛ nin daa naa yihi shɛba African Union ni saha biɛla sunsuuni Anashaara goli 19 August 2020 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu niŋ naai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=African Union suspends Mali following coup|work=Agence France-Presse, Reuters|publisher=Deutsche Welle|url=https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913003040/https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|archive-date=13 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anashaara goli 9 October lala yuuni ŋɔ yaha, [[Peace and Security Council]] zaŋti African Union daa paai lala yihibu fukumsi ŋɔ Mali zuɣi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union lifts Mali's suspension imposed in the wake of coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009202811/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|archive-date=9 October 2020|access-date=2020-10-09|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Bɛ daa lahi labi zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa tiŋgbani maa zuɣu Anashaara goli June dahin yini dali yuuni 2021, di sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu ni daa lahi niŋ chira awɔi sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2 June 2021|title=African Union announces 'immediate suspension' of Mali after second coup|work=France 24, Reuters, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912141924/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lala fukumsi ŋɔ daa pani Guinea gba zuɣu African Union ni ANashaara goli September biɛɣu pia dali yuuni 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Alpha Condé]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=10 September 2021|title=African Union suspends Guinea after coup, as envoys arrive for talks|work=France 24, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912022912/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sudan gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pani shɛli zuɣu Anashaara goli 27 October 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmananti shee tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Abdalla Hamdok]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union suspends Sudan over coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027130242/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|archive-date=27 October 2021|access-date=2021-10-27|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Burkina Faso gba nyɛla lala fukumsi ŋɔ ni daa pani shɛli zuɣu African Union ni bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu Anashaara goli 31 January 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AU suspends Burkina Faso after coup as envoys head for talks|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062926/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|archive-date=23 December 2022|access-date=2022-01-31|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nige gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛba zuɣu Anashaara goli 22 August 2023 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣula [[Mohamed Bazoum]]; tum din saha ka [[2023 Nigerien crisis]] pili.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2023-08-22|title=African Union suspends participation of Niger following coup|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|url-status=live|access-date=2023-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906024202/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|archive-date=6 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gabon gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛli zuɣu 31 August 2023 bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmananti sheei [[Ali Bongo Ondimba]] nyaaŋa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Newspaper|first=The Peninsula|date=2023-08-31|title=African Union says to 'immediately suspend' Gabon after coup|url=https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902185942/http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|archive-date=2 September 2023|access-date=2023-08-31|website=thepeninsulaqatar.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{TOC limit|3}}


== Members ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{DZA}}
* {{AGO}}
* {{BEN}}
* {{BWA}}
* {{BFA}} (suspended)
* {{BDI}}
* {{CMR}}
* {{CPV}}
* {{CAF}}
* {{TCD}}
* {{COM}}
* {{COD}}
* {{COG}}
* {{DJI}}
* {{EGY}}
* {{GNQ}}
* {{ERI}}
* {{SWZ}}
* {{ETH}}
* {{GAB}}
* {{GMB}}
* {{GHA}}
* {{GIN}} (suspended)
* {{GNB}}
* {{CIV}}
* {{KEN}}
* {{LSO}}
* {{LBR}}
* {{LBY}}
* {{MDG}}
* {{MWI}}
* {{MLI}} (suspended)
* {{MRT}}
* {{MUS}}
* {{MAR}}
* {{MOZ}}
* {{NAM}}
* {{NER}} (suspended)
* {{NGA}}
* {{RWA}}
* {{SADR}}
* {{STP}}
* {{SEN}}
* {{SYC}}
* {{SLE}}
* {{SOM}}
* {{ZAF}}
* {{SSD}}
* {{SDN}} (suspended)
* {{TZA}}
* {{TGO}}
* {{TUN}}
* {{UGA}}
* {{ZMB}}
* {{ZWE}}
{{div col end}}

==== Observers ====
* {{HAI}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Haiti Will Not Join the African Union |url=https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |website=Haiti Hub |access-date=22 June 2023 |date=22 May 2016 |archive-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622142803/https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ISR}} (suspended as of February 2023)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|title=African Union says Israel's observer status suspended|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908195006/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |author=((i24NEWS)) |date=2022-02-06 |title=Israel dispute erupts at African Union summit |language=en |work=Ynetnews |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |access-date=2022-02-06 |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151241/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{KAZ}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstan's Observer status at the African Union: What Does It Mean for Africa? |url=https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=www.igd.org.za |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327081029/https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{LAT}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-01-11|url=http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|title=Latvia becomes observer to African Union|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia]]|website=www.mfa.gov.lv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918030201/http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|archive-date=18 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{MEX}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-06-18 |title=Chairperson Receives the Credentials of the First Permanent Observer of Mexico to the African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |website=au.int |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901115222/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|Palestine}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-05-27 |title=AU grants Palestine observer status |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |publisher=[[Egypt Independent]] |first=Fathya |last=el-Dakhakhni |website=egyptindependent.com |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=29 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229042151/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{SRB}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 January 2014|language=sr-latn|title=Mrkić na samitu u Adis Abebi|url=https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|website=b92.net|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=16 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071458/https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{TUR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-11 |title=What's driving Turkey's commercial &amp; military relations with Africa? |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en-US |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151227/https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{UKR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-06-22 |title=Ukraine has obtained the observer status in the African Union |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] |website=mfa.gov.ua |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071456/https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ARE}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chairperson Receives Credentials of the Permanent Observer of the United Arab Emirates. {{!}} African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=au.int |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151252/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== African Union tuma ====
{{Supranational African Bodies|align=right|size=500px}}Yuuni 1980 [[Lagos Plan of Action for the Development of Africa]] mini yuuni 1991 varisigu ni African Economic Community kpabu (bɛ ni lahi booni shɛli Abuja Treaty), daa yina ni tɛha din nyɛ [[Regional Economic Communities]] (RECs) kpabu ni niŋ binshɛli din yɛn laɣim Africa taba.&lt;ref&gt;See note on [https://web.archive.org/web/20040906140832/http://www.dfa.gov.za/docs/2003/au0815.htm The Role of the Regional Economic Communities (RECs) as the Building Blocks of the African Union] prepared by the South African Department of Foreign Affairs.&lt;/ref&gt;

Saha ŋɔ, RECs dibaa anii m-be AU. Din nima n-nyɛ:

* [[Arab Maghreb Union]] (AMU)
* [[Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa]] (COMESA)
* [[Community of Sahel-Saharan States]] (CEN-SAD)
* [[East African Community]] (EAC)
* [[Economic Community of Central African States]] (ECCAS)
* [[Economic Community of West African States]] (ECOWAS)
* [[Intergovernmental Authority on Development]] (IGAD)
* [[Southern Africa Development Community]] (SADC)&lt;ref&gt;Decision on the Protocol on Relations between the African Union and the Regional Economic Communities (RECs), Assembly/AU/Dec.166 (IX).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=President of Mauritania Elected as New Chairperson of AU|url=https://www.ena.et/web/eng/w/eng_4033947}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of chairpersons ==
{{main|Chairperson of the African Union}}
[[File:Jakaya Kikwete and Muammar al-Gaddafi, 12th AU Summit, 090202-N-0506A-678.jpg|thumb|left|[[Muammar Gaddafi]] embracing Tanzanian President [[Jakaya Kikwete|Kikwete]] after assuming the chairmanship]]
{{Clear|left}}

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-valign=top
|+Chairpersons of the African Union
|-
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Name
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Beginning of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|End of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Country
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Thabo Mbeki]]
|9 July 2002
|10 July 2003
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Joaquim Chissano]]
|10 July 2003
|6 July 2004
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Olusegun Obasanjo]]
|6 July 2004
|24 January 2006
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]]
|24 January 2006
|24 January 2007
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[John Kufuor]]
|30 January 2007
|31 January 2008
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Jakaya Kikwete]]
|31 January 2008
|2 February 2009
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Muammar al-Gaddafi]]
|2 February 2009
|31 January 2010
|{{flagdeco|Libya|1977}} [[Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|Libya]]
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Bingu wa Mutharika]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE60U05O20100131l Gaddafi fails in bid to remain African Union chair], Reuters, 31 January 2010 {{Dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20111230205627/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g8cvj3048f4WEB6UQuim80MKqhVA Malawi president takes over as AU president], AFP, 31 January 2010&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2010
|31 January 2011
|{{flag|Malawi|2010}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography According to the AU] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006153642/http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography |date=6 October 2011 }}, his official style is ''Son Excellence Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Président de la République, Chef de l'État et Président Fondateur du Parti Démocratique de Guinée Equatoriale'' {{in lang|fr}}. Retrieved 4 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2011
|29 January 2012
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Yayi Boni]]
|29 January 2012
|27 January 2013
|{{flag|Benin}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Hailemariam Desalegn]]
|27 January 2013
|30 January 2014
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz]]
|30 January 2014
|30 January 2015
|{{flag|Mauritania|1959}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Robert Mugabe]]
|30 January 2015
|30 January 2016
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Idriss Déby]]
|30 January 2016
|30 January 2017
|{{flag|Chad}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Alpha Condé]]
|30 January 2017
|28 January 2018
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Paul Kagame]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |title=President Paul Kagame, Elected as New Chairperson of the African Union for the year 2018 - African Union |website=au.int |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205134722/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|28 January 2018
|10 February 2019
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]]
|10 February 2019
|10 February 2020
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |title=South Africa takes over as AU chair: What to expect |website=aljazeera.com |access-date=12 February 2020 |archive-date=12 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212104846/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|10 February 2020
|10 February 2021
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Félix Tshisekedi]]
|10 February 2021
|5 February 2022
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Macky Sall]]
|5 February 2022
|18 February 2023
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Azali Assoumani]]
|18 February 2023
|17 February 2024
|{{flag|Comoros}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Ghazouani]]
|17 February 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|}

=== African Union summits ===
[[File:Niger, Niamey, Boulevard Mali Béro (2)(Rue IB-56).jpg|thumb|300px|left|Billboard in Niamey (Niger) announcing the 33rd AU Summit (2019)]]
{{Clear}}
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
|-
!width=155px| Session
! Host country
! Host city
! Date
! Theme
! Notes
|-
| 37th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|17 February 2024|format=d}}–{{dts|18 February 2024}}|| &quot;Educate and Skill Africa for the 21st Century&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://au.int/en/summit/37 | title=African Union &amp;#124; an Integrated, Prosperous and Peaceful Africa }}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 36th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|18 February 2023|format=d}}–{{dts|19 February 2023}}|| || 
|-
| 35th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 February 2022|format=d}}–{{dts|6 February 2022}}|| ||
|-
| 34th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|6 February 2021|format=d}}–{{dts|7 February 2021}}|| ||
|-
| 33rd&lt;ref name=development&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|title=The 33rd AU Summit kicks off with the 39th Session of the Permanent Representatives Committee &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121172202/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|9 February 2020|format=d}}–{{dts|10 February 2020}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|title=33rd AU Summit : Online accreditation for Journalists now open &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203234748/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;||&quot;Silencing the guns: creating conducive conditions for Africa's development&quot;&lt;ref name=development /&gt;||Agreement for [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]] to become operational in July 2020.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore /&gt; Agreements to reduce gender gap and inequality and to &quot;silence guns&quot; on the continent.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|title=South African President Cyril Ramaphosa elected African Union Chairperson as continent vows to 'silence the guns', boost trade and close gender gap|work=Today News Africa|access-date=2 May 2021|date=9 February 2020|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216015953/https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 12th Extraordinary Summit on [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]]&lt;ref name=extra12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705085754/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Niger}}||[[Niamey]]|| {{dts|4 July 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2019}} || &quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot; || Launch of the [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]]
|- 
| 32nd&lt;ref name=&quot;summit32&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=32nd AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/32 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806201405/https://au.int/en/summit/32 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|10 February 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|11 February 2019}}||&quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot;||
|-
| 11th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra11&gt;{{cite web |title=11th Extraordinary Summit Summary of Key Decisions |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |website=African Union |access-date=22 January 2020 |date=18 November 2018 |archive-date=22 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122180323/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 November 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|18 November 2018}}|| || Agreement reached on reorganisation AU Commission&lt;ref name=extra11 /&gt;
|-
| 31st&lt;ref name=&quot;summit31&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=31st AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/31 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708203337/https://au.int/en/summit/31 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mauritania}}||[[Nouakchott]]|| {{dts|25 June 2018|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra10&gt;{{cite web |title=10th Extraordinary Session of the Assembly on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708005309/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]]|| {{dts|17 March 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|21 March 2018}}|| &quot;Creating One African Market&quot; || Agreement reached on the AfCFTA
|-
| 30th&lt;ref name=summit30&gt;{{cite web |title=30th AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/30 |access-date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=22 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322020614/https://au.int/en/summit/30 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|29 January 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 29th&lt;ref name=summit29&gt;{{cite web |title=29th AU summit |date=5 July 2017 |url=https://au.int/en/summit/29 |access-date=15 November 2017 |archive-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116034051/https://au.int/en/summit/29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 June 2017|format=dm}} – {{dts|4 July 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; ||
|-
| 28th&lt;ref name=summit28&gt;{{cite web |title=28th AU summit |date=30 January 2017 |url=https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |access-date=31 January 2017 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202063411/https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2017|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; || Morocco rejoins the AU after 33 years
|-
| 27th&lt;ref name=summit27&gt;{{cite web |title=27th AU summit |date=July 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=7 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007033940/http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]] || {{dts|10 July 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|18 July 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot; || Launch of [[African Union Passport]]
|-
| 26th&lt;ref name=summit26&gt;{{cite web |title=26th AU summit |date=January 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/26 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=29 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929114302/http://au.int/en/summit/26 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot;||
|-
| [[Third India-Africa Forum Summit]] || {{flag|India}} || [[New Delhi]] || {{dts|26 October 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|29 October 2015}} || &quot;Reinvigorated Partnership—Shared Vision&quot; ||
|-
| 25th&lt;ref name=summit25&gt;{{cite web |title=25th AU summit |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002150945/http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=25th African Union Summit in Johannesburg – African Union Commission media information |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215016/http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Johannesburg]] || {{dts|7 June 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|15 June 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; || Featured Angelina Jolie&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=A Call for Global Support in Ending Women's Violence Done by Angelina Jolie |publisher=Newwatch NGR |url=http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |website=newswatchngr.com |date=February 2016 |access-date=23 February 2016 |archive-date=23 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223171129/http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 24th&lt;ref name=summit24&gt;{{cite web |title=24th AU summit |date=January 2015 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624103215/http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-date=24 June 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–Turkey Summit|| {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|19 November 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|21 November 2014}}|| &quot;A New Model of Partnership to Enhance a Sustainable Development and Integration of Africa&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Second Turkey-Africa Partnership Summit |date=November 2014 |url=http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225225133/http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Africa Turkey 2014 |date=November 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095901/http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 23rd&lt;ref name=summit23&gt;{{cite web |title=23rd AU summit |date=June 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709071223/http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-date=9 July 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|20 June 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|27 June 2014}}|| &quot;Year of Agriculture and food security&quot; ||
|-
| 22nd&lt;ref name=summit22&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd AU summit |date=January 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214161520/http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-date=14 February 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd Ordinary Session of the Summit of the African Union |date=January 2014 |url=http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214002039/http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-date=14 February 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2014}}|| &quot;Year Agriculture and food security, Marking 10th Anniversary of the Adoption of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP)&quot; ||
|-
| Extraordinary Summit on the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&lt;ref name=summiticc&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Extraordinary Summit on ICC |date=October 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220184942/http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-date=20 December 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]
| {{dts|11 October 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|12 October 2013}}|| &quot;Africa's Relationship with the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&quot; || This was in regards to the ICC's non-adherence to AU calls to drop certain charges against sitting leaders and claims that it was disproportionally targeting Africans.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |title=Kenya pushing for African split from International Criminal Court |newspaper=[[Irish Times]] |access-date=30 January 2014 |archive-date=28 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928170024/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 21st&lt;ref name=summit21&gt;{{cite web |title=21st AU summit |date=May 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701003301/http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-date=1 July 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|19 May 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|27 May 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; || 50th Anniversary of the Establishment of the [[Organisation of African Unity]]
|-
| 20th&lt;ref name=summit20&gt;{{cite web |title=20th AU summit |date=January 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509094507/http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-date=9 May 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 January 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|28 January 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; ||
|-
| Diaspora Summit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Global Africa Diaspora Summit |date=May 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916162142/http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-date=16 September 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Sandton, South Africa|Sandton]] || {{dts|23 May 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2012}}|| &quot;Towards the Realisation of a United and Integrated Africa and Its Diaspora&quot; ||
|-
| 19th&lt;ref name=summit19&gt;{{cite web |title=19th African Union (AU) Summit to be held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |date=June 2012 |url=http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002164755/http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|9 July 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|16 July 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| 18th&lt;ref name=summit18&gt;{{cite web |title=18th AU summit |date=January 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614120243/http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-date=14 June 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| [[17th Ordinary African Union Summit|17th]]&lt;ref name=summit17&gt;{{cite web |title=17th AU summit |date=June 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095847/http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{nowrap|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|23 June 2011|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2011}}|| &quot;Youth Empowerment for Sustainable Development&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–India Summit || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|20 May 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2011}}|| &quot;Enhancing partnership: shared vision&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=2nd Africa-India Forum Summit |date=May 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331174105/http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia |archive-date=31 March 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 16th&lt;ref name=summit16&gt;{{cite web |title=16th African Union summit |date=January 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090533/http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|24 January 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2011}}|| &quot;Towards Greater Unity and Integration through Shared Values&quot; ||
|-
| 15th&lt;ref name=summit15&gt;{{cite web |title=15th African Union summit |date=July 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909081209/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-date=9 September 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Uganda}}||[[Kampala]] || {{dts|19 July 2010|format=d}}–{{dts|27 July 2010}}|| &quot;Maternal, Infant, and Child Health and Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 14th&lt;ref name=summit14&gt;{{cite web |title=14th African Union summit |date=January 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122225/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2010|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2010}}|| &quot;Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Africa: Challenges and Prospects for Development&quot; ||
|-
| 13th&lt;ref name=summit13&gt;{{cite web |title=13th African Union summit |date=July 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040008/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|24 June 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 July 2009}}|| &quot;Investing in Agriculture for Economic Growth and Food Security&quot; ||
|-
| 12th&lt;ref name=summit12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th African Union summit |date=January 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040018/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|26 January 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 February 2009}}|| &quot;Infrastructure Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 11th&lt;ref name=summit11&gt;{{cite web |title=The 11th AU summit |date=July 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122200/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Egypt}}||[[Sharm el-Sheikh]] || {{dts|24 June 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2008}}|| &quot;Meeting the Millennium Development Goals on Water and Sanitation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th&lt;ref name=summit10&gt;{{cite web |title=The 10th African Union summit |date=January 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102035957/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2008}}|| &quot;Industrial Development of Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 9th&lt;ref name=summit9&gt;{{cite web |title=9th African Union summit |date=July 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040001/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ghana}}||[[Accra]] || {{dts|25 June 2007|format=dm}} – {{dts|6 July 2007}}|| &quot;Grand Debate on the Union Government&quot; ||
|-
| 8th&lt;ref name=summit8&gt;{{cite web |title=8th African Union summit |date=January 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806145357/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2007|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2007}}|| 1. &quot;Science, Technology and Scientific Research for Development&quot; &lt;br /&gt;2. &quot;Climate Change in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 7th&lt;ref name=summit7&gt;{{cite web |title=7th African Union summit |date=July 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806144655/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Gambia}}||[[Banjul]] || {{dts|25 June 2006|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2006}}|| &quot;Rationalisation of Recs and Regional Integration&quot; ||
|-
| 6th&lt;ref name=summit6&gt;{{cite web |title=6th African Union summit |date=January 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214191451/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-date=14 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Sudan}}||[[Khartoum]] || {{dts|16 January 2006|format=d}}–{{dts|24 January 2006}}|| &quot;Education and Culture&quot; ||
|-
| 5th&lt;ref name=summit5&gt;{{cite web |title=5th African Union summit |date=June 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224163231/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-date=24 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|28 June 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|29 June 2005}}|| ||
|-
| Extraordinary summit on UN Reform&lt;ref name=summitlist&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Summit |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215221812/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-date=15 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|4 August 2005}} || ||
|-
| 4th&lt;ref name=summit4&gt;{{cite web |title=4th African Union summit |date=January 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315081032/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-date=15 March 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Nigeria}}||[[Abuja]] || {{dts|24 January 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2005}}|| ||
|-
| 3rd&lt;ref name=summit3&gt;{{cite web |title=3rd African Union summit |date=July 2004 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207061226/http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-date=7 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|6 July 2004|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2004}}|| ||
|-
| 2nd&lt;ref name=summit2&gt;{{cite web |title=African Union Summit Maputo Mozambique |date=July 2003 |url=http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708083551/http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mozambique}}||[[Maputo]] || {{dts|2 July 2003|format=d}}–{{dts|12 July 2003}}|| ||
|-
| 1st&lt;ref name=summit1&gt;{{cite web |title=OAU/AU summit |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022142733/http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |archive-date=22 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Durban, South Africa|Durban]] || {{dts|28 June 2002}} – {{dts|10 July 2002}}|| &quot;Peace, Development and Prosperity: The African Century&quot; || Notable events include the launch of the African Union.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=1st AU summit: Documents and Speeches |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001222437/http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html| archive-date=1 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}


==== Africa–Caribbean relations ====
{{See also|Group of 77|Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States}}
[[Caribbean]] tiŋgbana pam nyɛla din kpuɣi niya ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ni [[Africa]] tiŋgbana. African Union lihirila Caribbean ka di nyɛ yaɣili din ni tooi pahi buyɔbu  &quot;Sixth Region&quot; tiŋgbana yaɣa din laɣim taba maa puuni.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/ African Union 6th Region Diaspora Headquarters to be established in Accompong, Jamaica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311035309/https://thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/|date=11 March 2023}}, 24 January 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;Caribbean tiŋgbani shɛŋa nyɛla Africa din yihi di maŋ pahi tuma yaɣa ni, n-ti tabili [[Barbados]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Lorna|title=Barbados inks MOU with African Export-Import Bank|url=https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717182615/https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|archive-date=17 July 2022|access-date=17 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[the Bahamas]] ni [[Guyana]], din zaa pahi [[African Export–Import Bank]] ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 December 2022|title=Barbados Parliament ratifies Partnership Agreement with Afreximbank, as Guyanaand Bahamas join CARICOM signatories|url=https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323124813/https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|archive-date=23 March 2023|access-date=10 September 2023|website=African Export-Import Bank}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaha, [[Caribbean Development Bank]] dihila laɣim tum gbana ni n-ti [[African Development Bank]] (AfDB).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/ AfDB, CDB move to deepen Africa, Caribbean cooperation, sign MoU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625194438/https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/|date=25 June 2022}}, June 18, 2022&lt;/ref&gt; [[Antigua and Barbuda]] gba niŋ zaɣa ni Africa mini Caribbean.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-01-09|title=Antigua Airways is airborne and ready to become the &quot;pride of the Caribbean&quot;|url=https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423231330/https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua News Room|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=jennelsa.johnson|date=2023-04-17|title=Government has not given up on Antigua Airways as company seeks to make comeback|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424072842/https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amaa, din nyɛla din ʒi yɛli muɣisira na tiŋgbana loobu ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-28|title=3 dead, 13 missing in Caribbean sinking; 14 Africans saved|url=https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531093832/https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|archive-date=31 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=AP NEWS|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-29|title=Tragedy at sea: Boat carrying African migrants from Antigua capsizes near St Kitts|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520064903/https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|archive-date=20 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-31|title=Fury as gov't says it bears no responsibility for migrant boat tragedy|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419124847/https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|archive-date=19 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Less than 600 West African migrants remain in Antigua {{!}} Loop Caribbean News|url=https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910051756/https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|archive-date=10 September 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Loop News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-07|title=The migrants stranded on an island they had not heard of|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822235248/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|archive-date=22 August 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=BBC News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-02-11|title=Antigua Government says no automatic citizenship for stranded Africans|url=https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423182748/https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=CNW Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{main|Africa–China relations}}

==== Africa–China relations ====
Yaɣ'yini din daabiligu be tooni [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC). [[Forum on China–Africa Cooperation]] nyɛla daabiligu balibu noiŋbu Africa tiŋgbana ni mini China.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|pages=56|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tum FOCAC zaŋ gɔhi taba ni yuuni 2012, African Union gab nyɛla din tim nuu ni tabi-sɔŋ ni, amaa  Africantingbana din be FOCAC na kuli nyɛla din zani ti di maŋa sahakam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|page=57|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Africa–EU relations ====
Zaŋ jendi European Commission polo, European Union's biɛhigu ni Africa nyɛla din kpa talahi. Tooni ha Africa-EU laɣim tum niya ni European Commission mini European External Action Service nyɛla din kahigi Joint Communication ni &quot;Towards a Comprehensive Strategy with Africa&quot;. Di buɣisila laɣim tum ni:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|date=2020-11-03|title=Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085246/https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=International Partnerships - European Commission|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 52020JC0004 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516184133/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|archive-date=16 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=eur-lex.europa.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Green Transition and Energy Access
* Digital Transformation
* Sustainable Growth and Jobs&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mobilising Investments for African structural sustainable transformation {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513082259/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|archive-date=13 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Strengthening Resilience, Peace, Security and Governance {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085847/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Peace, Security and Governance&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot; /&gt;
* Migration and Mobility&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Migration and mobility {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085848/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Lahabali_kɔligu:Eritrea_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg|thumb|[[South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011]]]]
In response to the ongoing [[Darfur conflict]] in Sudan, the AU has deployed 7,000 peacekeepers, many from Rwanda and Nigeria, to [[Darfur]]. While a donor's conference in Addis Ababa in 2005 helped raise funds to sustain the peacekeepers through that year and into 2006, in July 2006 the AU said it would pull out at the end of September when its mandate expires.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=28 June 2006|title=AU Darfur mission 'to end soon'|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826204932/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|archive-date=26 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Critics of the AU peacekeepers, including [[Eric Reeves]], have said these forces are largely ineffective due to lack of funds, personnel, and expertise. Monitoring a large area has made it even more difficult to sustain an effective mission. In June 2006, the [[United States Congress]] appropriated US$173&amp;nbsp;million for the AU force. Some, such as the [[Genocide Intervention Network]], have called for UN or [[NATO]] intervention to augment and/or replace the AU peacekeepers. The UN has considered deploying a force, though it would not likely enter the country until at least October 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Security Council Authorises Deployment of United Nations-African Union 'Hybrid' Peace Operation in Bid To Resolve Darfur Conflict|url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc9089.doc.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815184454/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/sc9089.doc.htm|archive-date=15 August 2007|access-date=26 November 2012|publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; The under-funded and badly equipped AU mission was set to expire on 31 December 2006 but was extended to 30 June 2007 and merged with the [[United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur]] in October 2007. In July 2009 the African Union ceased cooperation with the [[International Criminal Court]], refusing to recognise the international arrest warrant it had issued against Sudan's leader, [[Omar al-Bashir]], who was indicted in 2008 for [[War crime|war crimes]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=5 July 2009|title=African move on Bashir dismissed|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225224733/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The AU struggled to have a strategic role in the independence talks and the reconciliation process of [[South Sudan]], due to overwhelming interests of African and non-African powers, its influence is still limited and not consistent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Sulaiman|first=Abubkar o.|author2=Agoha, Ifeanyi Chuckwu|date=1 October 2013|title=South Sudan Negotiated Independence: A Critique of African Union's Role|journal=European Journal of Sustainable Development|volume=2|issue=3|pages=145–154|bibcode=2013EJSD....2..145S|doi=10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n3p145|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Clear}}

== Economy ==
{{main|Economy of the African Union}}

[[African Continental Free Trade Area|African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)]] nyɛla bɛ ni daa piligi shɛli ni tiŋgbana pihinu ni anahi tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu maa puuni ka di daabilim nyɛ din daa piligi Silimiin goli January dahin yini yuuni 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shendruk|first=Amanda|date=2020-12-31|title=The world's largest free trade area starts up on Jan. 1, 2021|url=https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|access-date=2021-01-04|website=Quartz|language=en|archive-date=4 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104075017/https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[African Export–Import Bank]], nyɛla din yɛn tabi sɔŋ ka bɛ piligi [[Pan-African Payment and Settlement System]]..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |title=Profile: African Union |date=1 July 2006 |access-date=10 July 2006 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060712034155/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |archive-date=12 July 2006 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Clear}}
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]]
(km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|title=The World Bank DataBank {{!}} Explore. Create. Share|website=databank.worldbank.org|access-date=4 February 2017|archive-date=7 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107162640/http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[List of countries by population|Population]]
{{UN_Population|Year}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |title=2015 Human Development Report |last=Office |first=Human Development Report |website=report.hdr.undp.org |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211223435/http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016 |title=The Fragile States Index 2016 {{!}} The Fund for Peace|website=fsi.fundforpeace.org|access-date=12 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204213240/http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016|archive-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2016 |last=e.V. |first=Transparency International |newspaper=transparency.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=30 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170130045244/http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/index/ |title=Index of Economic Freedom: Promoting Economic Opportunity and Prosperity by Country |website=www.heritage.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=29 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629215405/http://www.heritage.org/index/ |url-status=unfit }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016 |title=Vision of Humanity |website=static.visionofhumanity.org |access-date=12 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213091208/http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016|archive-date=13 February 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Press Freedom Index|WPFI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://rsf.org/en/ranking|title=2016 World Press Freedom Index {{!}} Reporters Without Borders|newspaper=RSF|access-date=12 February 2017|archive-date=1 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201195036/https://rsf.org/en/ranking|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |title=Democracy Index 2016 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224070253/http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |archive-date=24 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Country|Algeria}}
|2,381,741
|{{UN_Population|Algeria}}
|548,293,085,686
|13,823
|0.736
|78.3
|34
|50.06
|2.21
|41.69
|3.56
|-
|{{Country|Angola}}
|1,246,700
|{{UN_Population|Angola}}
|173,593,223,667
|6,938
|0.532
|90.5
|18
|48.94
|2.14
|39.89
|3.40
|-
|{{Country|Benin}}
|112,760
|{{UN_Population|Benin}}
|21,016,184,357
|1,932
|0.48
|78.9
|36
|59.31
|2.00
|28.97
|5.67
|-
|{{Country|Botswana}}
|566,730
|{{UN_Population|Botswana}}
|33,657,545,969
|14,876
|0.698
|63.5
|60
|71.07
|1.64
|22.91
|7.87
|-
|{{Country|Burkina Faso}}
|273,600
|{{UN_Population|Burkina Faso}}
|28,840,666,622
|1,593
|0.402
|89.4
|42
|59.09
|2.06
|22.66
|4.70
|-
|{{Country|Burundi}}
|25,680
|{{UN_Population|Burundi}}
|7,634,578,343
|300
|0.4
|100.7
|20
|53.91
|2.50
|54.10
|2.40
|-
|{{Country|Cape Verde}}
|4,030
|{{UN_Population|Cape Verde}}
|3,205,197,585
|6,158
|0.646
|71.5
|59
|66.46
|N/A
|19.82
|7.94
|-
|{{Country|Cameroon}}
|472,710
|{{UN_Population|Cameroon}}
|68,302,439,597
|2,926
|0.512
|97.8
|26
|54.18
|2.36
|40.53
|3.46
|-
|{{Country|Central African Republic}}
|622,980
|{{UN_Population|Central African Republic}}
|2,847,726,468
|581
|0.35
|112.1
|20
|45.23
|3.35
|33.60
|1.61
|-
|{{Country|Chad}}
|1,259,200
|{{UN_Population|Chad}}
|28,686,194,920
|2,044
|0.392
|110.1
|20
|46.33
|2.46
|40.59
|1.50
|-
|{{Country|Comoros}}
|1,861
|{{UN_Population|Comoros}}
|1,098,546,195
|1,393
|0.503
|83.8
|24
|52.35
|N/A
|24.33
|3.71
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Democratic Republic of the}}
|2,267,050
|{{UN_Population|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|56,920,935,460
|300
|0.433
|
|21
|46.38
|3.11
|50.97
|1.93
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Republic of the}}
|341,500
|{{UN_Population|Congo}}
|27,690,345,067
|5,993
|0.591
|92.2
|20
|42.80
|2.25
|35.84
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Djibouti}}
|23,180
|{{UN_Population|Djibouti}}
|2,911,406,226
|3,279
|0.47
|89.7
|30
|55.96
|2.29
|70.90
|2.83
|-
|{{Country|Egypt}}
|1,010,407
|{{UN_Population|Egypt}}
|1,173,000,000,000
|10,250
|0.69
|90.2
|34
|55.96
|2.57
|54.45
|3.31
|-
|{{Country|Equatorial Guinea}}
|28,050
|{{UN_Population|Equatorial Guinea}}
|32,317,928,931
|38,243
|0.587
|85.2
|N/A
|43.67
|1.94
|66.47
|1.70
|-
|{{Country|Eritrea}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |title=Eritrea |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121011902/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|101,000
|{{UN_Population|Eritrea}}
|8,845,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.391
|98.6
|18
|42.7
|2.46
|83.92
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Eswatini}}
|17,204
|{{UN_Population|Eswatini}}
|10,452,834,007
|8,122
|0.531
|87.6
|N/A
|59.65
|2.07
|52.37
|3.03
|-
|{{Country|Ethiopia}}
|1,104,300
|{{UN_Population|Ethiopia}}
|152,057,290,468
|1,530
|0.442
|97.2
|34
|51.52
|2.28
|45.13
|3.60
|-
|{{Country|Gabon}}
|257,670
|{{UN_Population|Gabon}}
|32,539,376,597
|18,860
|0.684
|72
|35
|58.96
|2.03
|32.20
|3.74
|-
|{{Country|Gambia, The}}
|10,120
|{{UN_Population|Gambia}}
|3,140,820,062
|1,578
|0.441
|86.8
|26
|57.14
|2.09
|46.53
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Ghana}}
|227,540
|{{UN_Population|Ghana}}
|108,393,071,924
|3,955
|0.579
|71.2
|43
|63.00
|1.81
|17.95
|6.75
|-
|{{Country|Guinea}}
|245,720
|{{UN_Population|Guinea}}
|14,316,884,358
|1,135
|0.411
|103.8
|27
|53.33
|2.15
|33.08
|3.14
|-
|{{Country|Guinea-Bissau}}
|28,120
|{{UN_Population|Guinea-Bissau}}
|2,521,743,682
|1,367
|0.42
|99.8
|16
|51.81
|2.26
|29.03
|1.98
|-
|{{Country|Ivory Coast}}
|318,000
|{{UN_Population|Ivory Coast}}
|74,916,780,423
|3,300
|0.462
|97.9
|34
|60.01
|2.28
|30.17
|3.81
|-
|{{Country|Kenya}}
|569,140
|{{UN_Population|Kenya}}
|133,592,522,053
|2,901
|0.548
|98.3
|26
|57.51
|2.38
|31.16
|5.33
|-
|{{Country|Lesotho}}
|30,360
|{{UN_Population|Lesotho}}
|5,914,437,068
|2,770
|0.497
|80.9
|39
|50.62
|1.94
|28.78
|6.59
|-
|{{Country|Liberia}}
|96,320
|{{UN_Population|Liberia}}
|3,533,313,381
|500
|0.43
|95.5
|37
|52.19
|2.00
|30.71
|5.31
|-
|{{Country|Libya}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya/ |title=Libya |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109235257/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,759,540
|{{UN_Population|Libya}}
|94,010,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|14,900&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.724
|96.4
|14
|N/A
|3.20
|57.89
|2.25
|-
|{{Country|Madagascar}}
|581,800
|{{UN_Population|Madagascar}}
|33,354,200,458
|1,376
|0.51
|84.2
|26
|61.06
|1.76
|27.04
|5.07
|-
|{{Country|Malawi}}
|94,280
|{{UN_Population|Malawi}}
|19,137,290,349
|1,112
|0.445
|87.6
|31
|51.8
|1.82
|28.12
|5.55
|-
|{{Country|Mali}}
|1,220,190
|{{UN_Population|Mali}}
|33,524,899,739
|1,905
|0.419
|95.2
|32
|56.54
|2.49
|39.83
|5.70
|-
|{{Country|Mauritania}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |title=Mauritania |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=7 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107034713/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,030,700
|{{UN_Population|Mauritania}}
|16,190,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|4,400&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.506
|95.4
|27
|54.8
|2.30
|24.03
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Mauritius}}
|2,030
|{{UN_Population|Mauritius}}
|23,817,914,134
|18,864
|0.777
|43.2
|54
|74.73
|1.56
|27.69
|8.28
|-
|{{Country|Morocco}}
|446,300
|{{UN_Population|Morocco}}
|257,398,957,178
|7,365
|0.628
|74.2
|37
|61.27
|2.09
|42.64
|4.77
|-
|{{Country|Mozambique}}
|786,380
|{{UN_Population|Mozambique}}
|31,326,751,237
|1,120
|0.416
|87.8
|27
|53.19
|1.96
|30.25
|4.02
|-
|{{Country|Namibia}}
|823,290
|{{UN_Population|Namibia}}
|24,043,436,006
|9,778
|0.628
|71.1
|52
|61.85
|1.87
|15.15
|6.31
|-
|{{Country|Niger}}
|1,266,700
|{{UN_Population|Niger}}
|17,857,377,171
|897
|0.348
|98.4
|35
|54.26
|2.24
|24.62
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Nigeria}}
|910,770
|{{UN_Population|Nigeria}}
|1,168,000,000,000
|5,639
|0.514
|103.5
|28
|57.46
|2.88
|35.90
|4.50
|-
|{{Country|Rwanda}}
|24,670
|{{UN_Population|Rwanda}}
|19,216,033,048
|1,655
|0.483
|91.3
|54
|63.07
|2.32
|54.61
|3.07
|-
|{{Country|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|960
|{{UN_Population|Sao Tome and Principe}}
|575,391,345
|3,023
|0.555
|72.9
|46
|56.71
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Senegal}}
|192,530
|{{UN_Population|Senegal}}
|34,398,281,018
|2,274
|0.466
|83.6
|45
|58.09
|1.98
|27.99
|6.21
|-
|{{Country|Seychelles}}
|460
|{{UN_Population|Seychelles}}
|2,384,515,771
|25,525
|0.772
|60.2
|N/A
|62.2
|N/A
|30.60
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sierra Leone}}
|72,180
|{{UN_Population|Sierra Leone}}
|9,511,431,824
|1,474
|0.413
|91
|30
|52.31
|1.81
|29.94
|4.55
|-
|{{Country|Somalia}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/ |title=Somalia |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=1 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701190026/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|627,340
|{{UN_Population|Somalia}}
|5,900,000,000&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|114
|10
|N/A
|3.41
|65.35
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|South Africa}}
|1,213,090
|{{UN_Population|South Africa}}
|742,461,000,000
|12,393
|0.666
|69.9
|45
|61.9
|2.32
|21.92
|7.41
|-
|{{Country|South Sudan}}
|619,745
|{{UN_Population|South Sudan}}
|21,484,823,398
|1,741
|0.467
|113.8
|11
|N/A
|3.59
|44.87
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sudan}}
|1,886,086
|{{UN_Population|Sudan}}
|165,813,461,495
|4,121
|0.479
|111.5
|14
|N/A
|3.27
|72.53
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Tanzania}}
|885,800
|{{UN_Population|United Republic of Tanzania}}
|130,297,806,032
|2,510
|0.521
|81.8
|32
|58.46
|1.90
|28.65
|5.76
|-
|{{Country|Togo}}
|54,390
|{{UN_Population|Togo}}
|10,018,697,437
|1,372
|0.484
|85.8
|32
|53.64
|1.95
|30.31
|3.32
|-
|{{Country|Tunisia}}
|155,360
|{{UN_Population|Tunisia}}
|121,200,025,401
|10,770
|0.721
|74.6
|41
|57.55
|1.95
|31.60
|6.40
|-
|{{Country|Uganda}}
|200,520
|{{UN_Population|Uganda}}
|67,856,334,117
|1,738
|0.483
|97.7
|25
|59.26
|2.15
|32.58
|5.26
|-
|{{Country|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 June 2007 |title=Western Sahara |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|266,000
|{{UN_Population|Western Sahara}}
|906,500,000&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2,500&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Zambia}}
|743,390
|{{UN_Population|Zambia}}
|58,400,082,027
|3,602
|0.586
|86.3
|38
|58.79
|1.78
|35.08
|5.99
|-
|{{Country|Zimbabwe}}
|386,850
|{{UN_Population|Zimbabwe}}
|26,180,942,292
|500
|0.509
|100.5
|22
|38.23
|2.32
|40.41
|3.05
|-
|'''{{noflag|African Union}}'''
|30,370,000
|{{UN_Population|Africa}}
|5,457,724,064,668
|4,602
|0.524&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|88.99&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|31.51&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|55.55&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2.27
|37.89
|4.30
|-
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]] (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015
![[List of countries by population|Population]] {{UN_Population|Year}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016
![[Reporters Without Borders|WPFI]]
2016
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016
|}

== Lihimi m-pahi ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Africa Adaptation Initiative]]
* [[African Century]]
* [[African Peer Review Mechanism]]
* [[African Renaissance]]
* [[African Standby Force]]
* [[African Unification Front]]
* [[Africanisation]]
* [[Central Asian Union]]
* [[East African Federation]]
* [[Ezulwini agreement]]
* [[Friends of the African Union]]
* [[Indigenous peoples of Africa]]
* [[List of country groupings]]
* [[List of multilateral free-trade agreements]]
* [[Climate adaptation|Prevention of environmental migration]]
* [[Pan-Africanism]]
* [[Pan-African Women's Organization]]
{{div col end}}

== Noosi ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==Kundivihira==
=== Sources ===
{{Reflist}}

=== General and cited references ===
{{Library resources box}}
* [https://web.archive.org</text>
      <sha1>rxdjsnsw8iw93n8pzost2a96fb1w8qs</sha1>
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      <timestamp>2025-06-09T13:56:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdul Rahman Abdul Kudus</username>
        <id>5829</id>
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      <minor />
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      <text bytes="97952" sha1="3cb8udeubr4yr2fs4t2i09a89dz2qt4" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Continental union of African states}}
{{For|the predecessor organisation|Organisation of African Unity}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox geopolitical organisation
| conventional_long_name = African Union
| native_name            = {{Name in various languages
 | name = {{nobold|''(in other official languages)''}}
 | ar = الاتحاد الأفريقي
 | fr = Union africaine
 | pt = União Africana
 | es = Unión Africana
 | sw = Umoja wa Afrika
 }}
| linking_name           = the African Union
| image_flag             = Flag of the African Union.svg
| alt_flag               = Flag of the African Union
| alt_symbol             = 
| symbol_width           = 85px
| motto                  = &quot;A United and Strong Africa&quot;
| anthem                 = &quot;[[Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html |title=African Union anthem, etc |publisher=Africamasterweb.com |access-date=26 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915041714/http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html | archive-date=15 September 2015 | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{center|}}{{Align|center| |style=margin-top:0em}}
| image_map              = Map of the African Union with Suspended States.svg
| alt_map                = An [[Orthographic projection (cartography)|orthographic projection]] of [[Earth|the world]], highlighting the African Union and its member states (green).
| map_width              = 220px
| map_caption            = {{legend2|#2A5C2B|Member states}}&lt;br /&gt;{{legend2|#00D500|Suspended states}}
| org_type               = [[Continental union]]
| membership_type        = Membership
| membership             = {{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
 |title = [[Member states of the African Union|55 member states]]
|{{flag|Algeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Angola|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Benin|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Botswana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Burkina Faso|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp|Suspended}}
|{{flag|Burundi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cameroon|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cape Verde|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Central African Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Chad|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Comoros|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Djibouti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Egypt|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eritrea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eswatini|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ethiopia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Gabon|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Gambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ghana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Guinea|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ivory Coast|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kenya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Lesotho|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Liberia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Libya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Madagascar|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Malawi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mali|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Mauritania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mauritius|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Morocco|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mozambique|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Namibia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Niger|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Nigeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Rwanda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sahrawi Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Senegal|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Seychelles|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sierra Leone|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Somalia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Africa|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Sudan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sudan|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Tanzania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Togo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Tunisia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Uganda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zimbabwe|size=23px}}
}}
{{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
|title = 9 observer states
|{{flag|Haiti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kazakhstan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Latvia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mexico|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Palestine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Serbia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Turkey|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ukraine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates|size=23px}}
}}
| admin_center_type      = Political centres
| admin_center           = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Addis Ababa]]&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;}} |{{nowrap|[[Johannesburg]]&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;}}}}
| largest_settlement_type = urban agglomerations
| largest_city           = 
| largest_settlement     = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Cairo]]}} |{{nowrap|[[Lagos]]}}}}
| languages_type         = Official languages
| languages              = {{hlist | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] | [[English language|English]] | [[French language|French]] | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]]  | [[Swahili language|Swahili]] | and any other [[Languages of Africa|African language]]&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;}}
| demonym                = African
| leader_title1          = [[Chairperson of the African Union|Chairperson]]
| leader_name1           = [[João Lourenço]]
| leader_title2          = [[Chairperson of the African Union Commission|Commission Chairperson]]
| leader_name2           = [[Mahamoud Ali Youssouf]]
| leader_title3          = [[Pan-African Parliament#Presidents of the Pan-African Parliament|Parliamentary President]]
| leader_name3           = [[Fortune Z. Charumbira]]
| legislature            = [[Pan-African Parliament]]
| established_event1     = [[Organisation of African Unity|OAU Charter]]
| established_date1      = 25 May 1963
| established_event2     = [[Abuja Treaty]]
| established_date2      = 3 June 1991
| established_event3     = [[Sirte Declaration]]
| established_date3      = 9 September 1999
| established_event4     = African Union founded
| established_date4      = {{start date and age|2002|07|09}}
| established_event5     = [[History of South Sudan|Admission of]] [[South Sudan]]
| established_date5      = 9 July 2011
| established_event6     = [[Member states of the African Union|Admission of]] [[Morocco]]
| established_date6      = 31 January 2017
| established_event7     = [[African Continental Free Trade Area]] (AfCFTA)
| established_date7      = 1 January 2021
| area_km2               = 29,922,059&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2016&quot;&gt;Corresponds to the terrestrial surface. Including the [[Exclusive Economic Zones]] of each member state, the total area is 43 434 569&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 1,494,988,668{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $8.990 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO/WEOWORLD/IDN/AFQ.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668%2C672%2C612%2C614%2C674%2C676%2C678%2C682%2C684%2C638%2C686%2C688%2C616%2C728%2C748%2C618%2C624%2C692%2C694%2C622%2C626%2C628%2C632%2C636%2C634%2C662%2C611%2C714%2C716%2C469%2C722%2C642%2C643%2C718%2C724%2C734%2C644%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C652%2C732%2C656%2C654%2C738%2C742%2C744%2C746%2C664%2C754%2C666%2C698&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |access-date=8 February 2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714135232/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668,672,612,614,674,676,678,682,684,638,686,688,616,728,748,618,624,692,694,622,626,628,632,636,634,662,611,714,716,469,722,642,643,718,724,734,644,726,646,199,648,733,652,732,656,654,738,742,744,746,664,754,666,698&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,LP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion|Excluding Western Sahara due to lack of data}}
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2024
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $6,330&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal            = {{decrease}} $2.81 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion}}
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2024
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{decrease}} $1,960&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.577
| HDI_year               = 2020
| cctld                  = [[.africa]]
| footnotes              = {{unbulleted list |&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[African Union Commission]]. |&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[Pan-African Parliament]].}}
| official_website       = {{URL|https://au.int}}
| area_rank              = 
| today                  = 
}}

'''African Union''' ('''AU''') nyɛla tiŋgbani bɔbugu laɣingu zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu&lt;ref name=&quot;UIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100033436 |url-access= |title=African Union (AU) |author1=Staff writer |year=2025 |department=UIA Global Civil Society Database |website=uia.org |publisher=[[Union of International Associations]] |agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online |location=Brussels, Belgium |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date=8 January 2025 |via= |quote= |trans-quote= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Member States AU-UN |url=https://www.africanunion-un.org/memberstates |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka nyɛ din be [[Africa]]. AU nyɛla bɛ ni daa niŋ shɛli laɣngu Sirte Declaration din be Sirte, Libya Silimiin goli September yuuni 1999, ka bɛ niya daa nyɛ bɛ kpa African Union. Bɛ daa piligi li Silimiin goli July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002  Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_&amp;_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union,%209%20July%202002.htm |title=Launch of the African Union, 9 July 2002: Address by the chairperson of the AU, President Thabo Mbeki |first=Thabo |last=Mbeki |date=9 July 2002 |publisher=africa-union.org |location=ABSA Stadium, Durban, South Africa |access-date=8 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503210549/http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_%26_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union%2C%209%20July%202002.htm |archive-date=3 May 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ daa mali lala niya ni AU nyɛla di ni tooi zani Organisation of African Unity (OAU) zani, di nyɛla bɛ ni daa kpa shɛli Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1963 ka di ni daa piligi shɛli nyɛ Addis Ababa, gomnantinima pihita ni ayi nyɛ ban daa dihi bɛ nuhi gbana zuɣu zaŋ n-ti li; OAU ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa kari shɛli Silimiin goli  July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002 Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;/&gt; 

African Union ŋɔ nyɛla din mali salo ban kalinli gari 1.3 &quot;billion&quot; ka di tiŋgbani galisim paai kamani  {{convert|30|e6km2|e6sqmi|sigfig=2|abbr=unit}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Manboah-Rockson |first1=Joseph |title=Politics &amp; the Struggle for Democracy in Ghana: An Introduction to Political Science |date=23 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Balli shɛŋa din be di ni nyɛ  Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, n-ti pahi Swahili.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://au.int/en/about/languages |title=AU Languages |access-date=2 May 2021 |publisher=African Union |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407001442/https://au.int/en/about/languages |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

G20 (Group of 20) laɣingu din daa niŋ New Delhi, [[India]] yuuni 2023, African Union nyɛla ban daa kpɛ G20.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=September 9, 2023 |title=African Union made permanent member of G20 at Delhi summit |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/09/african-union-made-permanent-member-of-g20-at-delhi-summit |access-date=December 12, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Overview ==
African Union niyanima n-nyɛ:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Constitutive Act|url=https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415235637/https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|archive-date=15 April 2020|access-date=2 May 2021|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;

# Di ʒi nangbanyini din mali yaa na, taba laɣimbu ni Africa tinsi mini [[Africa|African]] tingbana taba puu biɛri taba zuɣu.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi maŋsulinsi, tiŋgbana taba shebu ni tiŋgbani din kam be din ni maŋsulinsi.
# Ni di kpaŋsi siyaasa mini biɛhigu-daabiligu laɣimbu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋgbana taba sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 November 2024|title=Evolution of Geopolitical Dynamics in Africa|url=https://www.guambia.com.uy/67/evolution-of-geopolitical-dynamics-in-africa/2312/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=Guambia}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The New Power Play in Africa: Russia, China, and the Shifting Sands of Influence|url=https://kcsgroup.com/the-new-power-play-in-africa-russia-china-and-the-shifting-sands-of-influence/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=KCS Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ni di kpaŋsi ka gu ka taɣi [[Africa|African]] zaashee zaŋ chaŋ bɛ suhuyurilim polo di tiŋgbani yaɣa mini di niriba sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi daabiligu tiŋgban sunsuuni, ka mali Charter of the United Nations mini Universal Declaration of Human Rights tumdi tuma.
# Ni di kpaŋsi suhudoo, niriba gubu, ni tiŋgbani yaɣa zanibu chibi.
# Ni di kmpaŋsi maŋsulinsi zalisi, ni gɔmnanti tali din niŋ dede.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi ninsalinima mini niriba fukumsi din be African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights ni mini &quot;human rights instruments&quot; yaɣa din niŋ talahi.
# Ni di zali zalisi din kpa talahi ka che ka tiŋgbani yaɣa maa tumdi di tuma dunia daabiligu ni ni shaawara gbaabu tiŋgbana sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim din nyɛ soha-biɛɣuni dini zaŋti daabiligu,biɛhigu ni kaya ni taɣada biɛhigu ni Africa daabiligu yaɣa zaŋ laɣim taba.
# Ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ninsalisili yaɣa kam n duhi biɛri suŋ Africanima sunsuuni.
# To coordinate and harmonise the policies between the existing and future Regional Economic Communities for the gradual attainment of the objectives of the Union.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim tiŋgbana yaɣa maa ni din dalim vihigu niŋbu, di bahi bahindi tabiibi mini tabiibi zaŋ tum tuma.
# Ni di mini tiŋgbana laɣim tum n-kpihim dɔriti din mali taɣibu mini alaafee kpaŋsibu tiŋgbana ni.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm Africa-union.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604051527/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm|date=4 June 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
{{Main|History of the African Union|History of Africa}}

African Union taarihi pilila &quot;'''First Congress of Independent African States&quot;''', din daa niŋ [[Accra]], [[Ghana]] bini din gbaai Anashaara goli April biɛɣu pinaanu zaŋ chaŋ biɛɣu pishinaayi yuuni 1958. Laɣingu maa niya daa nyɛla di kpa Africa Day, n-ti tabili Organisation of African Unity (OAU), din daa kpa Anashaara goli May biɛɣu pishinaanu yuuni 1963, ni [[African Economic Community]] yuuni 1991.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210205406/http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may|date=10 December 2018}} South African History Online (SAHO), 15 May 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ansarisi maaniba daa ŋme nangbankpeeni ni OAU ka nuu timbu shɛli ninsalilnima fukumsi ni .&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2115736&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Reynolds|first=Paul|date=8 July 2002|title=African Union replaces dictators' club|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601025542/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|archive-date=1 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tɛha din tahi AU kpabu na nyɛla din daa labi niŋ nyɛvuli 1990s sunsuuni Libyan tiŋgbani zuɣulana Muammar al-Gaddafi saha;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Adebajo|first=Adekeye|date=2011-08-26|title=Gaddafi: the man who would be king of Africa|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011605/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Guardian|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbana zuɣulana mini kpɛma zaŋti OAU daa yina ni Sirte Declaration (bɛ ni daa zaŋ Sirte, Libya yuli boli shɛli) Anashaara goli September dabaa awɔi yuuni 1999, ka daa ŋmeri kuŋ bɔri African Union nambu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-12-05|title=The African Union After Gaddafi|url=http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410172928/http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|archive-date=10 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 10, 2001|title=African leaders elect OAU boss|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414032647/https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-08-27|title=New Partnership for Africa's Development – NEPAD {{!}} Poverty Eradication|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419153619/https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html|archive-date=19 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=www.un.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

African Union suuna daa niŋla Durban Anashaara goli July dabaa awɔi yuuni 2002 ni di tuuli ʒia kuɣulana, South Africa tiŋgbani zuɣulana kuro [[Thabo Mbeki]], Assembly of the African Union tuuli yaɣili ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-11-18|title=The African Union is launched|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416010303/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|archive-date=16 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=Africa Renewal|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Assembly yaɣili din pahiri ayi daa niŋla Maputo yuuni 2003 ka din pahiri ata daa niŋ Addis Ababa Anashaara goli July dabaa ayɔbu yuuni 2004.

Tum yuuni 2010, African Union daa mali niya ni di kpa &quot;African space agency&quot; laɣim taba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=5 September 2010|title=Africa prepares to join the big boys in the space race|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116213335/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|archive-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=6 September 2012|title=Sudanese president calls for African space agency|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102203403/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|archive-date=2 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=11 September 2012|title=Africa eyes joint space agency|url=http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021070210/http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|archive-date=21 October 2013|access-date=21 October 2013|publisher=Phys.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Ezigbo|first1=Onyebuchi|last2=Okpara|first2=Lois|date=9 August 2010|title=AU to Establish African Space Agency|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212084442/http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|archive-date=12 February 2014|access-date=11 December 2015|publisher=All Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Barack Obama n daa nyɛ tuuli United States tiŋgbani zuɣulana ŋun ʒi gbana ni ka di alizama African Union ni Addis Ababa Anashaara goli July biɛɣu pihita yini ka dali yuuni 2015. O daa alizama dibu ni, o daa kpaŋsiya ni dunisnims laɣindi niŋdi daabiligu ka tabiri sɔŋdi shikuru baŋsim tooni chandi ni, ni lɛbiginsim mini dahi yɛligibu. Amaa, o daa lahi galim suhuyurilim ni ka tiŋgbani shɛŋa ni mini gɔmnantinima ban zaɣisi sheebu ni, ban bi galisi gaŋbu (n-ti tabili ninuɣ'shɛba ban be LGBT ni, adiininima mini laɣinsi zuliyanima ni) ni kɔriŋ fahili.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Carol E.|date=28 July 2015|title=Obama Becomes First U.S. President to Address African Union|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|url-status=live|access-date=29 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729094216/http://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|archive-date=29 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 July 2015|title=Remarks by President Obama to the People of Africa|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120220442/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|archive-date=20 January 2017|access-date=29 July 2015|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|via=[[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Treaties ===
{{AU evolution timeline}}

== Siyaasa ==

:
; Financial institutions

* African Central Bank – [[Abuja]], Nigeria
* African Investment Bank – Tripoli, Libya
* African Monetary Fund – Yaoundé, Cameroon

Lala tuma duri ŋɔ na bi kpa; amaa, komitiinima ban be di kpabu ni nyɛla bɛ ni piigi shɛba. Lal n-nyɛli,  AU malila niya ni di diri laɣ'yini ([[Afro (currency)|Afro]]).

; Alaafee
: Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), daa kpala yuuni 2016 ka di suuna niŋ yuuni 2017. Di tuma du'zuɣuri be la Addis Ababa Ethiopia.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int-2017-01-31&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-01-31|title=Africa CDC Official Launch|url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630023917/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-date=30 June 2018|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb.int-2017-02-02&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-02-02|title=The African Union launches Africa CDC, a Continent-wide Public Health Agency|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180037/https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|work=[[Reliefweb]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc.gov-2017-07-27&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-07-27|title=Africa CDC: Improving Disease Detection and Emergency Response on the African Continent|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180936/https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Inspection visit to Africa CDC Headquarters building site|url=https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205114846/https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|archive-date=5 February 2022|access-date=2022-02-05|website=Africa CDC|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; Ninsalinima fukumsi
: [[African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights]], nyɛla din beni tum yuuni 1986, di be la [[African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights]] fukumsi ni (African Charter) amaa ka ni Constitutive Act of the African Union.
; Polo
: [[African Space Agency]] nyɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2023. Di tuma du'zuɣu be la Cairo.
; Yaa
: [[African Energy Commission]] daa nYɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2008, ka be Algiers.

=== Tiŋgbana din be din ni ===
{{Main|Member states of the African Union}}

[[Member states of the United Nations|UN member states]] din be Africa mini African islands zaa bela AU, ka nyɛ yaɣ'shɛli din tabi [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] (SADR). [[Morocco]] daa yila Organisation of African Unity ni yuuni 1984 ka di nyɛla SADR sulinsi ni ka di daa be, ka di tiŋgbani yaɣili [[Western Sahara]] daa zaŋli kpehi di maŋsulinsi ni.  AU daa lahi labi deei li Anashaara goli January biɛɣu pihita yuuni 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;worldbulletin&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=30 January 2017|title=Morocco rejoins African Union|publisher=Worldbulletin|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|url-status=usurped|access-date=31 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720013737/http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|archive-date=20 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Somaliland]], din nyɛ [[Somalia]] ni deei shɛli, daa sabi gbaŋ ti ni di kpe AU yuuni 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nelson&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Nelson, Elizabeth A.|title=Regional Politics and State Secession|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|year=2021|isbn=978-1-83910-377-3|pages=105}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mali nyɛla bɛ nin daa naa yihi shɛba African Union ni saha biɛla sunsuuni Anashaara goli 19 August 2020 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu niŋ naai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=African Union suspends Mali following coup|work=Agence France-Presse, Reuters|publisher=Deutsche Welle|url=https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913003040/https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|archive-date=13 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anashaara goli 9 October lala yuuni ŋɔ yaha, [[Peace and Security Council]] zaŋti African Union daa paai lala yihibu fukumsi ŋɔ Mali zuɣi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union lifts Mali's suspension imposed in the wake of coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009202811/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|archive-date=9 October 2020|access-date=2020-10-09|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Bɛ daa lahi labi zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa tiŋgbani maa zuɣu Anashaara goli June dahin yini dali yuuni 2021, di sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu ni daa lahi niŋ chira awɔi sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2 June 2021|title=African Union announces 'immediate suspension' of Mali after second coup|work=France 24, Reuters, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912141924/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lala fukumsi ŋɔ daa pani Guinea gba zuɣu African Union ni ANashaara goli September biɛɣu pia dali yuuni 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Alpha Condé]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=10 September 2021|title=African Union suspends Guinea after coup, as envoys arrive for talks|work=France 24, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912022912/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sudan gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pani shɛli zuɣu Anashaara goli 27 October 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmananti shee tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Abdalla Hamdok]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union suspends Sudan over coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027130242/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|archive-date=27 October 2021|access-date=2021-10-27|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Burkina Faso gba nyɛla lala fukumsi ŋɔ ni daa pani shɛli zuɣu African Union ni bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu Anashaara goli 31 January 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AU suspends Burkina Faso after coup as envoys head for talks|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062926/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|archive-date=23 December 2022|access-date=2022-01-31|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nige gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛba zuɣu Anashaara goli 22 August 2023 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣula [[Mohamed Bazoum]]; tum din saha ka [[2023 Nigerien crisis]] pili.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2023-08-22|title=African Union suspends participation of Niger following coup|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|url-status=live|access-date=2023-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906024202/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|archive-date=6 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gabon gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛli zuɣu 31 August 2023 bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmananti sheei [[Ali Bongo Ondimba]] nyaaŋa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Newspaper|first=The Peninsula|date=2023-08-31|title=African Union says to 'immediately suspend' Gabon after coup|url=https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902185942/http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|archive-date=2 September 2023|access-date=2023-08-31|website=thepeninsulaqatar.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{TOC limit|3}}


== Members ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{DZA}}
* {{AGO}}
* {{BEN}}
* {{BWA}}
* {{BFA}} (suspended)
* {{BDI}}
* {{CMR}}
* {{CPV}}
* {{CAF}}
* {{TCD}}
* {{COM}}
* {{COD}}
* {{COG}}
* {{DJI}}
* {{EGY}}
* {{GNQ}}
* {{ERI}}
* {{SWZ}}
* {{ETH}}
* {{GAB}}
* {{GMB}}
* {{GHA}}
* {{GIN}} (suspended)
* {{GNB}}
* {{CIV}}
* {{KEN}}
* {{LSO}}
* {{LBR}}
* {{LBY}}
* {{MDG}}
* {{MWI}}
* {{MLI}} (suspended)
* {{MRT}}
* {{MUS}}
* {{MAR}}
* {{MOZ}}
* {{NAM}}
* {{NER}} (suspended)
* {{NGA}}
* {{RWA}}
* {{SADR}}
* {{STP}}
* {{SEN}}
* {{SYC}}
* {{SLE}}
* {{SOM}}
* {{ZAF}}
* {{SSD}}
* {{SDN}} (suspended)
* {{TZA}}
* {{TGO}}
* {{TUN}}
* {{UGA}}
* {{ZMB}}
* {{ZWE}}
{{div col end}}

==== Observers ====
* {{HAI}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Haiti Will Not Join the African Union |url=https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |website=Haiti Hub |access-date=22 June 2023 |date=22 May 2016 |archive-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622142803/https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ISR}} (suspended as of February 2023)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|title=African Union says Israel's observer status suspended|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908195006/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |author=((i24NEWS)) |date=2022-02-06 |title=Israel dispute erupts at African Union summit |language=en |work=Ynetnews |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |access-date=2022-02-06 |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151241/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{KAZ}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstan's Observer status at the African Union: What Does It Mean for Africa? |url=https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=www.igd.org.za |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327081029/https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{LAT}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-01-11|url=http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|title=Latvia becomes observer to African Union|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia]]|website=www.mfa.gov.lv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918030201/http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|archive-date=18 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{MEX}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-06-18 |title=Chairperson Receives the Credentials of the First Permanent Observer of Mexico to the African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |website=au.int |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901115222/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|Palestine}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-05-27 |title=AU grants Palestine observer status |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |publisher=[[Egypt Independent]] |first=Fathya |last=el-Dakhakhni |website=egyptindependent.com |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=29 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229042151/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{SRB}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 January 2014|language=sr-latn|title=Mrkić na samitu u Adis Abebi|url=https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|website=b92.net|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=16 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071458/https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{TUR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-11 |title=What's driving Turkey's commercial &amp; military relations with Africa? |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en-US |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151227/https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{UKR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-06-22 |title=Ukraine has obtained the observer status in the African Union |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] |website=mfa.gov.ua |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071456/https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ARE}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chairperson Receives Credentials of the Permanent Observer of the United Arab Emirates. {{!}} African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=au.int |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151252/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== African Union tuma ====
{{Supranational African Bodies|align=right|size=500px}}Yuuni 1980 [[Lagos Plan of Action for the Development of Africa]] mini yuuni 1991 varisigu ni African Economic Community kpabu (bɛ ni lahi booni shɛli Abuja Treaty), daa yina ni tɛha din nyɛ [[Regional Economic Communities]] (RECs) kpabu ni niŋ binshɛli din yɛn laɣim Africa taba.&lt;ref&gt;See note on [https://web.archive.org/web/20040906140832/http://www.dfa.gov.za/docs/2003/au0815.htm The Role of the Regional Economic Communities (RECs) as the Building Blocks of the African Union] prepared by the South African Department of Foreign Affairs.&lt;/ref&gt;

Saha ŋɔ, RECs dibaa anii m-be AU. Din nima n-nyɛ:

* [[Arab Maghreb Union]] (AMU)
* [[Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa]] (COMESA)
* [[Community of Sahel-Saharan States]] (CEN-SAD)
* [[East African Community]] (EAC)
* [[Economic Community of Central African States]] (ECCAS)
* [[Economic Community of West African States]] (ECOWAS)
* [[Intergovernmental Authority on Development]] (IGAD)
* [[Southern Africa Development Community]] (SADC)&lt;ref&gt;Decision on the Protocol on Relations between the African Union and the Regional Economic Communities (RECs), Assembly/AU/Dec.166 (IX).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=President of Mauritania Elected as New Chairperson of AU|url=https://www.ena.et/web/eng/w/eng_4033947}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of chairpersons ==
{{main|Chairperson of the African Union}}
[[File:Jakaya Kikwete and Muammar al-Gaddafi, 12th AU Summit, 090202-N-0506A-678.jpg|thumb|left|[[Muammar Gaddafi]] embracing Tanzanian President [[Jakaya Kikwete|Kikwete]] after assuming the chairmanship]]
{{Clear|left}}

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-valign=top
|+Chairpersons of the African Union
|-
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Name
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Beginning of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|End of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Country
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Thabo Mbeki]]
|9 July 2002
|10 July 2003
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Joaquim Chissano]]
|10 July 2003
|6 July 2004
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Olusegun Obasanjo]]
|6 July 2004
|24 January 2006
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]]
|24 January 2006
|24 January 2007
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[John Kufuor]]
|30 January 2007
|31 January 2008
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Jakaya Kikwete]]
|31 January 2008
|2 February 2009
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Muammar al-Gaddafi]]
|2 February 2009
|31 January 2010
|{{flagdeco|Libya|1977}} [[Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|Libya]]
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Bingu wa Mutharika]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE60U05O20100131l Gaddafi fails in bid to remain African Union chair], Reuters, 31 January 2010 {{Dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20111230205627/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g8cvj3048f4WEB6UQuim80MKqhVA Malawi president takes over as AU president], AFP, 31 January 2010&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2010
|31 January 2011
|{{flag|Malawi|2010}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography According to the AU] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006153642/http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography |date=6 October 2011 }}, his official style is ''Son Excellence Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Président de la République, Chef de l'État et Président Fondateur du Parti Démocratique de Guinée Equatoriale'' {{in lang|fr}}. Retrieved 4 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2011
|29 January 2012
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Yayi Boni]]
|29 January 2012
|27 January 2013
|{{flag|Benin}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Hailemariam Desalegn]]
|27 January 2013
|30 January 2014
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz]]
|30 January 2014
|30 January 2015
|{{flag|Mauritania|1959}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Robert Mugabe]]
|30 January 2015
|30 January 2016
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Idriss Déby]]
|30 January 2016
|30 January 2017
|{{flag|Chad}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Alpha Condé]]
|30 January 2017
|28 January 2018
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Paul Kagame]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |title=President Paul Kagame, Elected as New Chairperson of the African Union for the year 2018 - African Union |website=au.int |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205134722/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|28 January 2018
|10 February 2019
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]]
|10 February 2019
|10 February 2020
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |title=South Africa takes over as AU chair: What to expect |website=aljazeera.com |access-date=12 February 2020 |archive-date=12 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212104846/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|10 February 2020
|10 February 2021
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Félix Tshisekedi]]
|10 February 2021
|5 February 2022
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Macky Sall]]
|5 February 2022
|18 February 2023
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Azali Assoumani]]
|18 February 2023
|17 February 2024
|{{flag|Comoros}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Ghazouani]]
|17 February 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|}

=== African Union summits ===
[[File:Niger, Niamey, Boulevard Mali Béro (2)(Rue IB-56).jpg|thumb|300px|left|Billboard in Niamey (Niger) announcing the 33rd AU Summit (2019)]]
{{Clear}}
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
|-
!width=155px| Session
! Host country
! Host city
! Date
! Theme
! Notes
|-
| 37th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|17 February 2024|format=d}}–{{dts|18 February 2024}}|| &quot;Educate and Skill Africa for the 21st Century&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://au.int/en/summit/37 | title=African Union &amp;#124; an Integrated, Prosperous and Peaceful Africa }}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 36th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|18 February 2023|format=d}}–{{dts|19 February 2023}}|| || 
|-
| 35th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 February 2022|format=d}}–{{dts|6 February 2022}}|| ||
|-
| 34th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|6 February 2021|format=d}}–{{dts|7 February 2021}}|| ||
|-
| 33rd&lt;ref name=development&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|title=The 33rd AU Summit kicks off with the 39th Session of the Permanent Representatives Committee &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121172202/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|9 February 2020|format=d}}–{{dts|10 February 2020}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|title=33rd AU Summit : Online accreditation for Journalists now open &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203234748/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;||&quot;Silencing the guns: creating conducive conditions for Africa's development&quot;&lt;ref name=development /&gt;||Agreement for [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]] to become operational in July 2020.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore /&gt; Agreements to reduce gender gap and inequality and to &quot;silence guns&quot; on the continent.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|title=South African President Cyril Ramaphosa elected African Union Chairperson as continent vows to 'silence the guns', boost trade and close gender gap|work=Today News Africa|access-date=2 May 2021|date=9 February 2020|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216015953/https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 12th Extraordinary Summit on [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]]&lt;ref name=extra12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705085754/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Niger}}||[[Niamey]]|| {{dts|4 July 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2019}} || &quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot; || Launch of the [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]]
|- 
| 32nd&lt;ref name=&quot;summit32&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=32nd AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/32 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806201405/https://au.int/en/summit/32 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|10 February 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|11 February 2019}}||&quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot;||
|-
| 11th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra11&gt;{{cite web |title=11th Extraordinary Summit Summary of Key Decisions |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |website=African Union |access-date=22 January 2020 |date=18 November 2018 |archive-date=22 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122180323/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 November 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|18 November 2018}}|| || Agreement reached on reorganisation AU Commission&lt;ref name=extra11 /&gt;
|-
| 31st&lt;ref name=&quot;summit31&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=31st AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/31 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708203337/https://au.int/en/summit/31 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mauritania}}||[[Nouakchott]]|| {{dts|25 June 2018|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra10&gt;{{cite web |title=10th Extraordinary Session of the Assembly on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708005309/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]]|| {{dts|17 March 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|21 March 2018}}|| &quot;Creating One African Market&quot; || Agreement reached on the AfCFTA
|-
| 30th&lt;ref name=summit30&gt;{{cite web |title=30th AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/30 |access-date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=22 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322020614/https://au.int/en/summit/30 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|29 January 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 29th&lt;ref name=summit29&gt;{{cite web |title=29th AU summit |date=5 July 2017 |url=https://au.int/en/summit/29 |access-date=15 November 2017 |archive-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116034051/https://au.int/en/summit/29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 June 2017|format=dm}} – {{dts|4 July 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; ||
|-
| 28th&lt;ref name=summit28&gt;{{cite web |title=28th AU summit |date=30 January 2017 |url=https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |access-date=31 January 2017 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202063411/https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2017|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; || Morocco rejoins the AU after 33 years
|-
| 27th&lt;ref name=summit27&gt;{{cite web |title=27th AU summit |date=July 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=7 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007033940/http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]] || {{dts|10 July 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|18 July 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot; || Launch of [[African Union Passport]]
|-
| 26th&lt;ref name=summit26&gt;{{cite web |title=26th AU summit |date=January 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/26 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=29 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929114302/http://au.int/en/summit/26 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot;||
|-
| [[Third India-Africa Forum Summit]] || {{flag|India}} || [[New Delhi]] || {{dts|26 October 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|29 October 2015}} || &quot;Reinvigorated Partnership—Shared Vision&quot; ||
|-
| 25th&lt;ref name=summit25&gt;{{cite web |title=25th AU summit |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002150945/http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=25th African Union Summit in Johannesburg – African Union Commission media information |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215016/http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Johannesburg]] || {{dts|7 June 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|15 June 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; || Featured Angelina Jolie&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=A Call for Global Support in Ending Women's Violence Done by Angelina Jolie |publisher=Newwatch NGR |url=http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |website=newswatchngr.com |date=February 2016 |access-date=23 February 2016 |archive-date=23 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223171129/http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 24th&lt;ref name=summit24&gt;{{cite web |title=24th AU summit |date=January 2015 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624103215/http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-date=24 June 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–Turkey Summit|| {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|19 November 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|21 November 2014}}|| &quot;A New Model of Partnership to Enhance a Sustainable Development and Integration of Africa&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Second Turkey-Africa Partnership Summit |date=November 2014 |url=http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225225133/http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Africa Turkey 2014 |date=November 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095901/http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 23rd&lt;ref name=summit23&gt;{{cite web |title=23rd AU summit |date=June 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709071223/http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-date=9 July 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|20 June 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|27 June 2014}}|| &quot;Year of Agriculture and food security&quot; ||
|-
| 22nd&lt;ref name=summit22&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd AU summit |date=January 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214161520/http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-date=14 February 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd Ordinary Session of the Summit of the African Union |date=January 2014 |url=http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214002039/http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-date=14 February 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2014}}|| &quot;Year Agriculture and food security, Marking 10th Anniversary of the Adoption of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP)&quot; ||
|-
| Extraordinary Summit on the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&lt;ref name=summiticc&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Extraordinary Summit on ICC |date=October 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220184942/http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-date=20 December 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]
| {{dts|11 October 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|12 October 2013}}|| &quot;Africa's Relationship with the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&quot; || This was in regards to the ICC's non-adherence to AU calls to drop certain charges against sitting leaders and claims that it was disproportionally targeting Africans.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |title=Kenya pushing for African split from International Criminal Court |newspaper=[[Irish Times]] |access-date=30 January 2014 |archive-date=28 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928170024/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 21st&lt;ref name=summit21&gt;{{cite web |title=21st AU summit |date=May 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701003301/http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-date=1 July 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|19 May 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|27 May 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; || 50th Anniversary of the Establishment of the [[Organisation of African Unity]]
|-
| 20th&lt;ref name=summit20&gt;{{cite web |title=20th AU summit |date=January 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509094507/http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-date=9 May 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 January 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|28 January 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; ||
|-
| Diaspora Summit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Global Africa Diaspora Summit |date=May 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916162142/http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-date=16 September 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Sandton, South Africa|Sandton]] || {{dts|23 May 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2012}}|| &quot;Towards the Realisation of a United and Integrated Africa and Its Diaspora&quot; ||
|-
| 19th&lt;ref name=summit19&gt;{{cite web |title=19th African Union (AU) Summit to be held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |date=June 2012 |url=http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002164755/http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|9 July 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|16 July 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| 18th&lt;ref name=summit18&gt;{{cite web |title=18th AU summit |date=January 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614120243/http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-date=14 June 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| [[17th Ordinary African Union Summit|17th]]&lt;ref name=summit17&gt;{{cite web |title=17th AU summit |date=June 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095847/http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{nowrap|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|23 June 2011|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2011}}|| &quot;Youth Empowerment for Sustainable Development&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–India Summit || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|20 May 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2011}}|| &quot;Enhancing partnership: shared vision&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=2nd Africa-India Forum Summit |date=May 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331174105/http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia |archive-date=31 March 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 16th&lt;ref name=summit16&gt;{{cite web |title=16th African Union summit |date=January 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090533/http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|24 January 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2011}}|| &quot;Towards Greater Unity and Integration through Shared Values&quot; ||
|-
| 15th&lt;ref name=summit15&gt;{{cite web |title=15th African Union summit |date=July 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909081209/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-date=9 September 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Uganda}}||[[Kampala]] || {{dts|19 July 2010|format=d}}–{{dts|27 July 2010}}|| &quot;Maternal, Infant, and Child Health and Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 14th&lt;ref name=summit14&gt;{{cite web |title=14th African Union summit |date=January 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122225/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2010|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2010}}|| &quot;Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Africa: Challenges and Prospects for Development&quot; ||
|-
| 13th&lt;ref name=summit13&gt;{{cite web |title=13th African Union summit |date=July 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040008/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|24 June 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 July 2009}}|| &quot;Investing in Agriculture for Economic Growth and Food Security&quot; ||
|-
| 12th&lt;ref name=summit12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th African Union summit |date=January 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040018/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|26 January 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 February 2009}}|| &quot;Infrastructure Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 11th&lt;ref name=summit11&gt;{{cite web |title=The 11th AU summit |date=July 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122200/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Egypt}}||[[Sharm el-Sheikh]] || {{dts|24 June 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2008}}|| &quot;Meeting the Millennium Development Goals on Water and Sanitation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th&lt;ref name=summit10&gt;{{cite web |title=The 10th African Union summit |date=January 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102035957/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2008}}|| &quot;Industrial Development of Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 9th&lt;ref name=summit9&gt;{{cite web |title=9th African Union summit |date=July 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040001/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ghana}}||[[Accra]] || {{dts|25 June 2007|format=dm}} – {{dts|6 July 2007}}|| &quot;Grand Debate on the Union Government&quot; ||
|-
| 8th&lt;ref name=summit8&gt;{{cite web |title=8th African Union summit |date=January 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806145357/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2007|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2007}}|| 1. &quot;Science, Technology and Scientific Research for Development&quot; &lt;br /&gt;2. &quot;Climate Change in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 7th&lt;ref name=summit7&gt;{{cite web |title=7th African Union summit |date=July 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806144655/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Gambia}}||[[Banjul]] || {{dts|25 June 2006|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2006}}|| &quot;Rationalisation of Recs and Regional Integration&quot; ||
|-
| 6th&lt;ref name=summit6&gt;{{cite web |title=6th African Union summit |date=January 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214191451/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-date=14 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Sudan}}||[[Khartoum]] || {{dts|16 January 2006|format=d}}–{{dts|24 January 2006}}|| &quot;Education and Culture&quot; ||
|-
| 5th&lt;ref name=summit5&gt;{{cite web |title=5th African Union summit |date=June 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224163231/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-date=24 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|28 June 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|29 June 2005}}|| ||
|-
| Extraordinary summit on UN Reform&lt;ref name=summitlist&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Summit |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215221812/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-date=15 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|4 August 2005}} || ||
|-
| 4th&lt;ref name=summit4&gt;{{cite web |title=4th African Union summit |date=January 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315081032/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-date=15 March 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Nigeria}}||[[Abuja]] || {{dts|24 January 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2005}}|| ||
|-
| 3rd&lt;ref name=summit3&gt;{{cite web |title=3rd African Union summit |date=July 2004 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207061226/http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-date=7 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|6 July 2004|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2004}}|| ||
|-
| 2nd&lt;ref name=summit2&gt;{{cite web |title=African Union Summit Maputo Mozambique |date=July 2003 |url=http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708083551/http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mozambique}}||[[Maputo]] || {{dts|2 July 2003|format=d}}–{{dts|12 July 2003}}|| ||
|-
| 1st&lt;ref name=summit1&gt;{{cite web |title=OAU/AU summit |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022142733/http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |archive-date=22 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Durban, South Africa|Durban]] || {{dts|28 June 2002}} – {{dts|10 July 2002}}|| &quot;Peace, Development and Prosperity: The African Century&quot; || Notable events include the launch of the African Union.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=1st AU summit: Documents and Speeches |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001222437/http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html| archive-date=1 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}


==== Africa–Caribbean relations ====
{{See also|Group of 77|Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States}}
[[Caribbean]] tiŋgbana pam nyɛla din kpuɣi niya ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ni [[Africa]] tiŋgbana. African Union lihirila Caribbean ka di nyɛ yaɣili din ni tooi pahi buyɔbu  &quot;Sixth Region&quot; tiŋgbana yaɣa din laɣim taba maa puuni.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/ African Union 6th Region Diaspora Headquarters to be established in Accompong, Jamaica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311035309/https://thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/|date=11 March 2023}}, 24 January 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;Caribbean tiŋgbani shɛŋa nyɛla Africa din yihi di maŋ pahi tuma yaɣa ni, n-ti tabili [[Barbados]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Lorna|title=Barbados inks MOU with African Export-Import Bank|url=https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717182615/https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|archive-date=17 July 2022|access-date=17 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[the Bahamas]] ni [[Guyana]], din zaa pahi [[African Export–Import Bank]] ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 December 2022|title=Barbados Parliament ratifies Partnership Agreement with Afreximbank, as Guyanaand Bahamas join CARICOM signatories|url=https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323124813/https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|archive-date=23 March 2023|access-date=10 September 2023|website=African Export-Import Bank}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaha, [[Caribbean Development Bank]] dihila laɣim tum gbana ni n-ti [[African Development Bank]] (AfDB).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/ AfDB, CDB move to deepen Africa, Caribbean cooperation, sign MoU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625194438/https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/|date=25 June 2022}}, June 18, 2022&lt;/ref&gt; [[Antigua and Barbuda]] gba niŋ zaɣa ni Africa mini Caribbean.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-01-09|title=Antigua Airways is airborne and ready to become the &quot;pride of the Caribbean&quot;|url=https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423231330/https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua News Room|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=jennelsa.johnson|date=2023-04-17|title=Government has not given up on Antigua Airways as company seeks to make comeback|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424072842/https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amaa, din nyɛla din ʒi yɛli muɣisira na tiŋgbana loobu ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-28|title=3 dead, 13 missing in Caribbean sinking; 14 Africans saved|url=https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531093832/https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|archive-date=31 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=AP NEWS|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-29|title=Tragedy at sea: Boat carrying African migrants from Antigua capsizes near St Kitts|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520064903/https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|archive-date=20 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-31|title=Fury as gov't says it bears no responsibility for migrant boat tragedy|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419124847/https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|archive-date=19 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Less than 600 West African migrants remain in Antigua {{!}} Loop Caribbean News|url=https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910051756/https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|archive-date=10 September 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Loop News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-07|title=The migrants stranded on an island they had not heard of|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822235248/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|archive-date=22 August 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=BBC News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-02-11|title=Antigua Government says no automatic citizenship for stranded Africans|url=https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423182748/https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=CNW Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{main|Africa–China relations}}

==== Africa–China relations ====
Yaɣ'yini din daabiligu be tooni [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC). [[Forum on China–Africa Cooperation]] nyɛla daabiligu balibu noiŋbu Africa tiŋgbana ni mini China.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|pages=56|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tum FOCAC zaŋ gɔhi taba ni yuuni 2012, African Union gab nyɛla din tim nuu ni tabi-sɔŋ ni, amaa  Africantingbana din be FOCAC na kuli nyɛla din zani ti di maŋa sahakam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|page=57|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Africa–EU relations ====
Zaŋ jendi European Commission polo, European Union's biɛhigu ni Africa nyɛla din kpa talahi. Tooni ha Africa-EU laɣim tum niya ni European Commission mini European External Action Service nyɛla din kahigi Joint Communication ni &quot;Towards a Comprehensive Strategy with Africa&quot;. Di buɣisila laɣim tum ni:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|date=2020-11-03|title=Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085246/https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=International Partnerships - European Commission|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 52020JC0004 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516184133/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|archive-date=16 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=eur-lex.europa.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Green Transition and Energy Access
* Digital Transformation
* Sustainable Growth and Jobs&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mobilising Investments for African structural sustainable transformation {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513082259/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|archive-date=13 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Strengthening Resilience, Peace, Security and Governance {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085847/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Peace, Security and Governance&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot; /&gt;
* Migration and Mobility&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Migration and mobility {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085848/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Lahabali_kɔligu:Eritrea_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg|thumb|[[South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011]]]]
In response to the ongoing [[Darfur conflict]] in Sudan, the AU has deployed 7,000 peacekeepers, many from Rwanda and Nigeria, to [[Darfur]]. While a donor's conference in Addis Ababa in 2005 helped raise funds to sustain the peacekeepers through that year and into 2006, in July 2006 the AU said it would pull out at the end of September when its mandate expires.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=28 June 2006|title=AU Darfur mission 'to end soon'|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826204932/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|archive-date=26 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Critics of the AU peacekeepers, including [[Eric Reeves]], have said these forces are largely ineffective due to lack of funds, personnel, and expertise. Monitoring a large area has made it even more difficult to sustain an effective mission. In June 2006, the [[United States Congress]] appropriated US$173&amp;nbsp;million for the AU force. Some, such as the [[Genocide Intervention Network]], have called for UN or [[NATO]] intervention to augment and/or replace the AU peacekeepers. The UN has considered deploying a force, though it would not likely enter the country until at least October 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Security Council Authorises Deployment of United Nations-African Union 'Hybrid' Peace Operation in Bid To Resolve Darfur Conflict|url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc9089.doc.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815184454/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/sc9089.doc.htm|archive-date=15 August 2007|access-date=26 November 2012|publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; The under-funded and badly equipped AU mission was set to expire on 31 December 2006 but was extended to 30 June 2007 and merged with the [[United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur]] in October 2007. In July 2009 the African Union ceased cooperation with the [[International Criminal Court]], refusing to recognise the international arrest warrant it had issued against Sudan's leader, [[Omar al-Bashir]], who was indicted in 2008 for [[War crime|war crimes]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=5 July 2009|title=African move on Bashir dismissed|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225224733/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The AU struggled to have a strategic role in the independence talks and the reconciliation process of [[South Sudan]], due to overwhelming interests of African and non-African powers, its influence is still limited and not consistent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Sulaiman|first=Abubkar o.|author2=Agoha, Ifeanyi Chuckwu|date=1 October 2013|title=South Sudan Negotiated Independence: A Critique of African Union's Role|journal=European Journal of Sustainable Development|volume=2|issue=3|pages=145–154|bibcode=2013EJSD....2..145S|doi=10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n3p145|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Clear}}

== Economy ==
{{main|Economy of the African Union}}

[[African Continental Free Trade Area|African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)]] nyɛla bɛ ni daa piligi shɛli ni tiŋgbana pihinu ni anahi tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu maa puuni ka di daabilim nyɛ din daa piligi Silimiin goli January dahin yini yuuni 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shendruk|first=Amanda|date=2020-12-31|title=The world's largest free trade area starts up on Jan. 1, 2021|url=https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|access-date=2021-01-04|website=Quartz|language=en|archive-date=4 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104075017/https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[African Export–Import Bank]], nyɛla din yɛn tabi sɔŋ ka bɛ piligi [[Pan-African Payment and Settlement System]]..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |title=Profile: African Union |date=1 July 2006 |access-date=10 July 2006 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060712034155/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |archive-date=12 July 2006 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Clear}}
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]]
(km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|title=The World Bank DataBank {{!}} Explore. Create. Share|website=databank.worldbank.org|access-date=4 February 2017|archive-date=7 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107162640/http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[List of countries by population|Population]]
{{UN_Population|Year}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |title=2015 Human Development Report |last=Office |first=Human Development Report |website=report.hdr.undp.org |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211223435/http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016 |title=The Fragile States Index 2016 {{!}} The Fund for Peace|website=fsi.fundforpeace.org|access-date=12 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204213240/http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016|archive-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2016 |last=e.V. |first=Transparency International |newspaper=transparency.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=30 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170130045244/http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/index/ |title=Index of Economic Freedom: Promoting Economic Opportunity and Prosperity by Country |website=www.heritage.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=29 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629215405/http://www.heritage.org/index/ |url-status=unfit }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016 |title=Vision of Humanity |website=static.visionofhumanity.org |access-date=12 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213091208/http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016|archive-date=13 February 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Press Freedom Index|WPFI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://rsf.org/en/ranking|title=2016 World Press Freedom Index {{!}} Reporters Without Borders|newspaper=RSF|access-date=12 February 2017|archive-date=1 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201195036/https://rsf.org/en/ranking|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |title=Democracy Index 2016 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224070253/http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |archive-date=24 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Country|Algeria}}
|2,381,741
|{{UN_Population|Algeria}}
|548,293,085,686
|13,823
|0.736
|78.3
|34
|50.06
|2.21
|41.69
|3.56
|-
|{{Country|Angola}}
|1,246,700
|{{UN_Population|Angola}}
|173,593,223,667
|6,938
|0.532
|90.5
|18
|48.94
|2.14
|39.89
|3.40
|-
|{{Country|Benin}}
|112,760
|{{UN_Population|Benin}}
|21,016,184,357
|1,932
|0.48
|78.9
|36
|59.31
|2.00
|28.97
|5.67
|-
|{{Country|Botswana}}
|566,730
|{{UN_Population|Botswana}}
|33,657,545,969
|14,876
|0.698
|63.5
|60
|71.07
|1.64
|22.91
|7.87
|-
|{{Country|Burkina Faso}}
|273,600
|{{UN_Population|Burkina Faso}}
|28,840,666,622
|1,593
|0.402
|89.4
|42
|59.09
|2.06
|22.66
|4.70
|-
|{{Country|Burundi}}
|25,680
|{{UN_Population|Burundi}}
|7,634,578,343
|300
|0.4
|100.7
|20
|53.91
|2.50
|54.10
|2.40
|-
|{{Country|Cape Verde}}
|4,030
|{{UN_Population|Cape Verde}}
|3,205,197,585
|6,158
|0.646
|71.5
|59
|66.46
|N/A
|19.82
|7.94
|-
|{{Country|Cameroon}}
|472,710
|{{UN_Population|Cameroon}}
|68,302,439,597
|2,926
|0.512
|97.8
|26
|54.18
|2.36
|40.53
|3.46
|-
|{{Country|Central African Republic}}
|622,980
|{{UN_Population|Central African Republic}}
|2,847,726,468
|581
|0.35
|112.1
|20
|45.23
|3.35
|33.60
|1.61
|-
|{{Country|Chad}}
|1,259,200
|{{UN_Population|Chad}}
|28,686,194,920
|2,044
|0.392
|110.1
|20
|46.33
|2.46
|40.59
|1.50
|-
|{{Country|Comoros}}
|1,861
|{{UN_Population|Comoros}}
|1,098,546,195
|1,393
|0.503
|83.8
|24
|52.35
|N/A
|24.33
|3.71
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Democratic Republic of the}}
|2,267,050
|{{UN_Population|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|56,920,935,460
|300
|0.433
|
|21
|46.38
|3.11
|50.97
|1.93
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Republic of the}}
|341,500
|{{UN_Population|Congo}}
|27,690,345,067
|5,993
|0.591
|92.2
|20
|42.80
|2.25
|35.84
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Djibouti}}
|23,180
|{{UN_Population|Djibouti}}
|2,911,406,226
|3,279
|0.47
|89.7
|30
|55.96
|2.29
|70.90
|2.83
|-
|{{Country|Egypt}}
|1,010,407
|{{UN_Population|Egypt}}
|1,173,000,000,000
|10,250
|0.69
|90.2
|34
|55.96
|2.57
|54.45
|3.31
|-
|{{Country|Equatorial Guinea}}
|28,050
|{{UN_Population|Equatorial Guinea}}
|32,317,928,931
|38,243
|0.587
|85.2
|N/A
|43.67
|1.94
|66.47
|1.70
|-
|{{Country|Eritrea}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |title=Eritrea |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121011902/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|101,000
|{{UN_Population|Eritrea}}
|8,845,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.391
|98.6
|18
|42.7
|2.46
|83.92
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Eswatini}}
|17,204
|{{UN_Population|Eswatini}}
|10,452,834,007
|8,122
|0.531
|87.6
|N/A
|59.65
|2.07
|52.37
|3.03
|-
|{{Country|Ethiopia}}
|1,104,300
|{{UN_Population|Ethiopia}}
|152,057,290,468
|1,530
|0.442
|97.2
|34
|51.52
|2.28
|45.13
|3.60
|-
|{{Country|Gabon}}
|257,670
|{{UN_Population|Gabon}}
|32,539,376,597
|18,860
|0.684
|72
|35
|58.96
|2.03
|32.20
|3.74
|-
|{{Country|Gambia, The}}
|10,120
|{{UN_Population|Gambia}}
|3,140,820,062
|1,578
|0.441
|86.8
|26
|57.14
|2.09
|46.53
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Ghana}}
|227,540
|{{UN_Population|Ghana}}
|108,393,071,924
|3,955
|0.579
|71.2
|43
|63.00
|1.81
|17.95
|6.75
|-
|{{Country|Guinea}}
|245,720
|{{UN_Population|Guinea}}
|14,316,884,358
|1,135
|0.411
|103.8
|27
|53.33
|2.15
|33.08
|3.14
|-
|{{Country|Guinea-Bissau}}
|28,120
|{{UN_Population|Guinea-Bissau}}
|2,521,743,682
|1,367
|0.42
|99.8
|16
|51.81
|2.26
|29.03
|1.98
|-
|{{Country|Ivory Coast}}
|318,000
|{{UN_Population|Ivory Coast}}
|74,916,780,423
|3,300
|0.462
|97.9
|34
|60.01
|2.28
|30.17
|3.81
|-
|{{Country|Kenya}}
|569,140
|{{UN_Population|Kenya}}
|133,592,522,053
|2,901
|0.548
|98.3
|26
|57.51
|2.38
|31.16
|5.33
|-
|{{Country|Lesotho}}
|30,360
|{{UN_Population|Lesotho}}
|5,914,437,068
|2,770
|0.497
|80.9
|39
|50.62
|1.94
|28.78
|6.59
|-
|{{Country|Liberia}}
|96,320
|{{UN_Population|Liberia}}
|3,533,313,381
|500
|0.43
|95.5
|37
|52.19
|2.00
|30.71
|5.31
|-
|{{Country|Libya}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya/ |title=Libya |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109235257/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,759,540
|{{UN_Population|Libya}}
|94,010,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|14,900&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.724
|96.4
|14
|N/A
|3.20
|57.89
|2.25
|-
|{{Country|Madagascar}}
|581,800
|{{UN_Population|Madagascar}}
|33,354,200,458
|1,376
|0.51
|84.2
|26
|61.06
|1.76
|27.04
|5.07
|-
|{{Country|Malawi}}
|94,280
|{{UN_Population|Malawi}}
|19,137,290,349
|1,112
|0.445
|87.6
|31
|51.8
|1.82
|28.12
|5.55
|-
|{{Country|Mali}}
|1,220,190
|{{UN_Population|Mali}}
|33,524,899,739
|1,905
|0.419
|95.2
|32
|56.54
|2.49
|39.83
|5.70
|-
|{{Country|Mauritania}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |title=Mauritania |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=7 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107034713/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,030,700
|{{UN_Population|Mauritania}}
|16,190,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|4,400&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.506
|95.4
|27
|54.8
|2.30
|24.03
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Mauritius}}
|2,030
|{{UN_Population|Mauritius}}
|23,817,914,134
|18,864
|0.777
|43.2
|54
|74.73
|1.56
|27.69
|8.28
|-
|{{Country|Morocco}}
|446,300
|{{UN_Population|Morocco}}
|257,398,957,178
|7,365
|0.628
|74.2
|37
|61.27
|2.09
|42.64
|4.77
|-
|{{Country|Mozambique}}
|786,380
|{{UN_Population|Mozambique}}
|31,326,751,237
|1,120
|0.416
|87.8
|27
|53.19
|1.96
|30.25
|4.02
|-
|{{Country|Namibia}}
|823,290
|{{UN_Population|Namibia}}
|24,043,436,006
|9,778
|0.628
|71.1
|52
|61.85
|1.87
|15.15
|6.31
|-
|{{Country|Niger}}
|1,266,700
|{{UN_Population|Niger}}
|17,857,377,171
|897
|0.348
|98.4
|35
|54.26
|2.24
|24.62
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Nigeria}}
|910,770
|{{UN_Population|Nigeria}}
|1,168,000,000,000
|5,639
|0.514
|103.5
|28
|57.46
|2.88
|35.90
|4.50
|-
|{{Country|Rwanda}}
|24,670
|{{UN_Population|Rwanda}}
|19,216,033,048
|1,655
|0.483
|91.3
|54
|63.07
|2.32
|54.61
|3.07
|-
|{{Country|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|960
|{{UN_Population|Sao Tome and Principe}}
|575,391,345
|3,023
|0.555
|72.9
|46
|56.71
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Senegal}}
|192,530
|{{UN_Population|Senegal}}
|34,398,281,018
|2,274
|0.466
|83.6
|45
|58.09
|1.98
|27.99
|6.21
|-
|{{Country|Seychelles}}
|460
|{{UN_Population|Seychelles}}
|2,384,515,771
|25,525
|0.772
|60.2
|N/A
|62.2
|N/A
|30.60
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sierra Leone}}
|72,180
|{{UN_Population|Sierra Leone}}
|9,511,431,824
|1,474
|0.413
|91
|30
|52.31
|1.81
|29.94
|4.55
|-
|{{Country|Somalia}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/ |title=Somalia |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=1 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701190026/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|627,340
|{{UN_Population|Somalia}}
|5,900,000,000&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|114
|10
|N/A
|3.41
|65.35
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|South Africa}}
|1,213,090
|{{UN_Population|South Africa}}
|742,461,000,000
|12,393
|0.666
|69.9
|45
|61.9
|2.32
|21.92
|7.41
|-
|{{Country|South Sudan}}
|619,745
|{{UN_Population|South Sudan}}
|21,484,823,398
|1,741
|0.467
|113.8
|11
|N/A
|3.59
|44.87
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sudan}}
|1,886,086
|{{UN_Population|Sudan}}
|165,813,461,495
|4,121
|0.479
|111.5
|14
|N/A
|3.27
|72.53
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Tanzania}}
|885,800
|{{UN_Population|United Republic of Tanzania}}
|130,297,806,032
|2,510
|0.521
|81.8
|32
|58.46
|1.90
|28.65
|5.76
|-
|{{Country|Togo}}
|54,390
|{{UN_Population|Togo}}
|10,018,697,437
|1,372
|0.484
|85.8
|32
|53.64
|1.95
|30.31
|3.32
|-
|{{Country|Tunisia}}
|155,360
|{{UN_Population|Tunisia}}
|121,200,025,401
|10,770
|0.721
|74.6
|41
|57.55
|1.95
|31.60
|6.40
|-
|{{Country|Uganda}}
|200,520
|{{UN_Population|Uganda}}
|67,856,334,117
|1,738
|0.483
|97.7
|25
|59.26
|2.15
|32.58
|5.26
|-
|{{Country|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 June 2007 |title=Western Sahara |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|266,000
|{{UN_Population|Western Sahara}}
|906,500,000&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2,500&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Zambia}}
|743,390
|{{UN_Population|Zambia}}
|58,400,082,027
|3,602
|0.586
|86.3
|38
|58.79
|1.78
|35.08
|5.99
|-
|{{Country|Zimbabwe}}
|386,850
|{{UN_Population|Zimbabwe}}
|26,180,942,292
|500
|0.509
|100.5
|22
|38.23
|2.32
|40.41
|3.05
|-
|'''{{noflag|African Union}}'''
|30,370,000
|{{UN_Population|Africa}}
|5,457,724,064,668
|4,602
|0.524&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|88.99&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|31.51&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|55.55&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2.27
|37.89
|4.30
|-
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]] (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015
![[List of countries by population|Population]] {{UN_Population|Year}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016
![[Reporters Without Borders|WPFI]]
2016
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016
|}

== Lihimi m-pahi ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Africa Adaptation Initiative]]
* [[African Century]]
* [[African Peer Review Mechanism]]
* [[African Renaissance]]
* [[African Standby Force]]
* [[African Unification Front]]
* [[Africanisation]]
* [[Central Asian Union]]
* [[East African Federation]]
* [[Ezulwini agreement]]
* [[Friends of the African Union]]
* [[Indigenous peoples of Africa]]
* [[List of country groupings]]
* [[List of multilateral free-trade agreements]]
* [[Climate adaptation|Prevention of environmental migration]]
* [[Pan-Africanism]]
* [[Pan-African Women's Organization]]
{{div col end}}

== Noosi ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==Kundivihira==
=== Sources ===
{{Reflist}}

=== General and cited references ===
{{Library resources box}}
* [https://web.archive.org</text>
      <sha1>3cb8udeubr4yr2fs4t2i09a89dz2qt4</sha1>
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        <id>5829</id>
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      <text bytes="97876" sha1="28a7vq92tf77onaca5txae4lsvy8fx0" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Continental union of African states}}
{{For|the predecessor organisation|Organisation of African Unity}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox geopolitical organisation
| conventional_long_name = African Union
| native_name            = {{Name in various languages
 | name = {{nobold|''(in other official languages)''}}
 | ar = الاتحاد الأفريقي
 | fr = Union africaine
 | pt = União Africana
 | es = Unión Africana
 | sw = Umoja wa Afrika
 }}
| linking_name           = the African Union
| image_flag             = Flag of the African Union.svg
| alt_flag               = Flag of the African Union
| alt_symbol             = 
| symbol_width           = 85px
| motto                  = &quot;A United and Strong Africa&quot;
| anthem                 = &quot;[[Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html |title=African Union anthem, etc |publisher=Africamasterweb.com |access-date=26 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915041714/http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html | archive-date=15 September 2015 | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{center|}}{{Align|center| |style=margin-top:0em}}
| image_map              = Map of the African Union with Suspended States.svg
| alt_map                = An [[Orthographic projection (cartography)|orthographic projection]] of [[Earth|the world]], highlighting the African Union and its member states (green).
| map_width              = 220px
| map_caption            = {{legend2|#2A5C2B|Member states}}&lt;br /&gt;{{legend2|#00D500|Suspended states}}
| org_type               = [[Continental union]]
| membership_type        = Membership
| membership             = {{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
 |title = [[Member states of the African Union|55 member states]]
|{{flag|Algeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Angola|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Benin|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Botswana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Burkina Faso|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp|Suspended}}
|{{flag|Burundi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cameroon|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cape Verde|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Central African Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Chad|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Comoros|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Djibouti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Egypt|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eritrea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eswatini|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ethiopia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Gabon|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Gambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ghana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Guinea|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ivory Coast|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kenya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Lesotho|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Liberia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Libya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Madagascar|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Malawi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mali|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Mauritania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mauritius|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Morocco|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mozambique|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Namibia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Niger|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Nigeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Rwanda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sahrawi Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Senegal|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Seychelles|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sierra Leone|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Somalia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Africa|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Sudan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sudan|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Tanzania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Togo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Tunisia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Uganda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zimbabwe|size=23px}}
}}
{{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
|title = 9 observer states
|{{flag|Haiti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kazakhstan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Latvia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mexico|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Palestine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Serbia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Turkey|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ukraine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates|size=23px}}
}}
| admin_center_type      = Political centres
| admin_center           = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Addis Ababa]]&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;}} |{{nowrap|[[Johannesburg]]&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;}}}}
| largest_settlement_type = urban agglomerations
| largest_city           = 
| largest_settlement     = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Cairo]]}} |{{nowrap|[[Lagos]]}}}}
| languages_type         = Official languages
| languages              = {{hlist | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] | [[English language|English]] | [[French language|French]] | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]]  | [[Swahili language|Swahili]] | and any other [[Languages of Africa|African language]]&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;}}
| demonym                = African
| leader_title1          = [[Chairperson of the African Union|Chairperson]]
| leader_name1           = [[João Lourenço]]
| leader_title2          = [[Chairperson of the African Union Commission|Commission Chairperson]]
| leader_name2           = [[Mahamoud Ali Youssouf]]
| leader_title3          = [[Pan-African Parliament#Presidents of the Pan-African Parliament|Parliamentary President]]
| leader_name3           = [[Fortune Z. Charumbira]]
| legislature            = [[Pan-African Parliament]]
| established_event1     = [[Organisation of African Unity|OAU Charter]]
| established_date1      = 25 May 1963
| established_event2     = [[Abuja Treaty]]
| established_date2      = 3 June 1991
| established_event3     = [[Sirte Declaration]]
| established_date3      = 9 September 1999
| established_event4     = African Union founded
| established_date4      = {{start date and age|2002|07|09}}
| established_event5     = [[History of South Sudan|Admission of]] [[South Sudan]]
| established_date5      = 9 July 2011
| established_event6     = [[Member states of the African Union|Admission of]] [[Morocco]]
| established_date6      = 31 January 2017
| established_event7     = [[African Continental Free Trade Area]] (AfCFTA)
| established_date7      = 1 January 2021
| area_km2               = 29,922,059&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2016&quot;&gt;Corresponds to the terrestrial surface. Including the [[Exclusive Economic Zones]] of each member state, the total area is 43 434 569&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 1,494,988,668{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $8.990 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO/WEOWORLD/IDN/AFQ.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668%2C672%2C612%2C614%2C674%2C676%2C678%2C682%2C684%2C638%2C686%2C688%2C616%2C728%2C748%2C618%2C624%2C692%2C694%2C622%2C626%2C628%2C632%2C636%2C634%2C662%2C611%2C714%2C716%2C469%2C722%2C642%2C643%2C718%2C724%2C734%2C644%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C652%2C732%2C656%2C654%2C738%2C742%2C744%2C746%2C664%2C754%2C666%2C698&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |access-date=8 February 2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714135232/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668,672,612,614,674,676,678,682,684,638,686,688,616,728,748,618,624,692,694,622,626,628,632,636,634,662,611,714,716,469,722,642,643,718,724,734,644,726,646,199,648,733,652,732,656,654,738,742,744,746,664,754,666,698&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,LP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion|Excluding Western Sahara due to lack of data}}
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2024
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $6,330&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal            = {{decrease}} $2.81 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion}}
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2024
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{decrease}} $1,960&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.577
| HDI_year               = 2020
| cctld                  = [[.africa]]
| footnotes              = {{unbulleted list |&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[African Union Commission]]. |&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[Pan-African Parliament]].}}
| official_website       = {{URL|https://au.int}}
| area_rank              = 
| today                  = 
}}

'''African Union''' ('''AU''') nyɛla tiŋgbani bɔbugu laɣingu zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu&lt;ref name=&quot;UIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100033436 |url-access= |title=African Union (AU) |author1=Staff writer |year=2025 |department=UIA Global Civil Society Database |website=uia.org |publisher=[[Union of International Associations]] |agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online |location=Brussels, Belgium |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date=8 January 2025 |via= |quote= |trans-quote= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Member States AU-UN |url=https://www.africanunion-un.org/memberstates |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka nyɛ din be [[Africa]]. AU nyɛla bɛ ni daa niŋ shɛli laɣngu Sirte Declaration din be Sirte, Libya Silimiin goli September yuuni 1999, ka bɛ niya daa nyɛ bɛ kpa African Union. Bɛ daa piligi li Silimiin goli July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002  Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_&amp;_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union,%209%20July%202002.htm |title=Launch of the African Union, 9 July 2002: Address by the chairperson of the AU, President Thabo Mbeki |first=Thabo |last=Mbeki |date=9 July 2002 |publisher=africa-union.org |location=ABSA Stadium, Durban, South Africa |access-date=8 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503210549/http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_%26_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union%2C%209%20July%202002.htm |archive-date=3 May 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ daa mali lala niya ni AU nyɛla di ni tooi zani Organisation of African Unity (OAU) zani, di nyɛla bɛ ni daa kpa shɛli Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1963 ka di ni daa piligi shɛli nyɛ Addis Ababa, gomnantinima pihita ni ayi nyɛ ban daa dihi bɛ nuhi gbana zuɣu zaŋ n-ti li; OAU ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa kari shɛli Silimiin goli  July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002 Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;/&gt; 

African Union ŋɔ nyɛla din mali salo ban kalinli gari 1.3 &quot;billion&quot; ka di tiŋgbani galisim paai kamani  {{convert|30|e6km2|e6sqmi|sigfig=2|abbr=unit}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Manboah-Rockson |first1=Joseph |title=Politics &amp; the Struggle for Democracy in Ghana: An Introduction to Political Science |date=23 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Balli shɛŋa din be di ni nyɛ  Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, n-ti pahi Swahili.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://au.int/en/about/languages |title=AU Languages |access-date=2 May 2021 |publisher=African Union |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407001442/https://au.int/en/about/languages |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

G20 (Group of 20) laɣingu din daa niŋ New Delhi, [[India]] yuuni 2023, African Union nyɛla ban daa kpɛ G20.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=September 9, 2023 |title=African Union made permanent member of G20 at Delhi summit |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/09/african-union-made-permanent-member-of-g20-at-delhi-summit |access-date=December 12, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Overview ==
African Union niyanima n-nyɛ:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Constitutive Act|url=https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415235637/https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|archive-date=15 April 2020|access-date=2 May 2021|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;

# Di ʒi nangbanyini din mali yaa na, taba laɣimbu ni Africa tinsi mini [[Africa|African]] tingbana taba puu biɛri taba zuɣu.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi maŋsulinsi, tiŋgbana taba shebu ni tiŋgbani din kam be din ni maŋsulinsi.
# Ni di kpaŋsi siyaasa mini biɛhigu-daabiligu laɣimbu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋgbana taba sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 November 2024|title=Evolution of Geopolitical Dynamics in Africa|url=https://www.guambia.com.uy/67/evolution-of-geopolitical-dynamics-in-africa/2312/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=Guambia}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The New Power Play in Africa: Russia, China, and the Shifting Sands of Influence|url=https://kcsgroup.com/the-new-power-play-in-africa-russia-china-and-the-shifting-sands-of-influence/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=KCS Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ni di kpaŋsi ka gu ka taɣi [[Africa|African]] zaashee zaŋ chaŋ bɛ suhuyurilim polo di tiŋgbani yaɣa mini di niriba sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi daabiligu tiŋgban sunsuuni, ka mali Charter of the United Nations mini Universal Declaration of Human Rights tumdi tuma.
# Ni di kpaŋsi suhudoo, niriba gubu, ni tiŋgbani yaɣa zanibu chibi.
# Ni di kmpaŋsi maŋsulinsi zalisi, ni gɔmnanti tali din niŋ dede.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi ninsalinima mini niriba fukumsi din be African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights ni mini &quot;human rights instruments&quot; yaɣa din niŋ talahi.
# Ni di zali zalisi din kpa talahi ka che ka tiŋgbani yaɣa maa tumdi di tuma dunia daabiligu ni ni shaawara gbaabu tiŋgbana sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim din nyɛ soha-biɛɣuni dini zaŋti daabiligu,biɛhigu ni kaya ni taɣada biɛhigu ni Africa daabiligu yaɣa zaŋ laɣim taba.
# Ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ninsalisili yaɣa kam n duhi biɛri suŋ Africanima sunsuuni.
# To coordinate and harmonise the policies between the existing and future Regional Economic Communities for the gradual attainment of the objectives of the Union.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim tiŋgbana yaɣa maa ni din dalim vihigu niŋbu, di bahi bahindi tabiibi mini tabiibi zaŋ tum tuma.
# Ni di mini tiŋgbana laɣim tum n-kpihim dɔriti din mali taɣibu mini alaafee kpaŋsibu tiŋgbana ni.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm Africa-union.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604051527/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm|date=4 June 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
{{Main|History of the African Union|History of Africa}}

African Union taarihi pilila &quot;'''First Congress of Independent African States&quot;''', din daa niŋ [[Accra]], [[Ghana]] bini din gbaai Anashaara goli April biɛɣu pinaanu zaŋ chaŋ biɛɣu pishinaayi yuuni 1958. Laɣingu maa niya daa nyɛla di kpa Africa Day, n-ti tabili Organisation of African Unity (OAU), din daa kpa Anashaara goli May biɛɣu pishinaanu yuuni 1963, ni [[African Economic Community]] yuuni 1991.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210205406/http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may|date=10 December 2018}} South African History Online (SAHO), 15 May 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ansarisi maaniba daa ŋme nangbankpeeni ni OAU ka nuu timbu shɛli ninsalilnima fukumsi ni .&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2115736&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Reynolds|first=Paul|date=8 July 2002|title=African Union replaces dictators' club|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601025542/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|archive-date=1 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tɛha din tahi AU kpabu na nyɛla din daa labi niŋ nyɛvuli 1990s sunsuuni Libyan tiŋgbani zuɣulana Muammar al-Gaddafi saha;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Adebajo|first=Adekeye|date=2011-08-26|title=Gaddafi: the man who would be king of Africa|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011605/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Guardian|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbana zuɣulana mini kpɛma zaŋti OAU daa yina ni Sirte Declaration (bɛ ni daa zaŋ Sirte, Libya yuli boli shɛli) Anashaara goli September dabaa awɔi yuuni 1999, ka daa ŋmeri kuŋ bɔri African Union nambu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-12-05|title=The African Union After Gaddafi|url=http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410172928/http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|archive-date=10 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 10, 2001|title=African leaders elect OAU boss|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414032647/https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-08-27|title=New Partnership for Africa's Development – NEPAD {{!}} Poverty Eradication|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419153619/https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html|archive-date=19 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=www.un.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

African Union suuna daa niŋla Durban Anashaara goli July dabaa awɔi yuuni 2002 ni di tuuli ʒia kuɣulana, South Africa tiŋgbani zuɣulana kuro [[Thabo Mbeki]], Assembly of the African Union tuuli yaɣili ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-11-18|title=The African Union is launched|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416010303/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|archive-date=16 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=Africa Renewal|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Assembly yaɣili din pahiri ayi daa niŋla Maputo yuuni 2003 ka din pahiri ata daa niŋ Addis Ababa Anashaara goli July dabaa ayɔbu yuuni 2004.

Tum yuuni 2010, African Union daa mali niya ni di kpa &quot;African space agency&quot; laɣim taba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=5 September 2010|title=Africa prepares to join the big boys in the space race|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116213335/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|archive-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=6 September 2012|title=Sudanese president calls for African space agency|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102203403/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|archive-date=2 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=11 September 2012|title=Africa eyes joint space agency|url=http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021070210/http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|archive-date=21 October 2013|access-date=21 October 2013|publisher=Phys.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Ezigbo|first1=Onyebuchi|last2=Okpara|first2=Lois|date=9 August 2010|title=AU to Establish African Space Agency|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212084442/http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|archive-date=12 February 2014|access-date=11 December 2015|publisher=All Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Barack Obama n daa nyɛ tuuli United States tiŋgbani zuɣulana ŋun ʒi gbana ni ka di alizama African Union ni Addis Ababa Anashaara goli July biɛɣu pihita yini ka dali yuuni 2015. O daa alizama dibu ni, o daa kpaŋsiya ni dunisnims laɣindi niŋdi daabiligu ka tabiri sɔŋdi shikuru baŋsim tooni chandi ni, ni lɛbiginsim mini dahi yɛligibu. Amaa, o daa lahi galim suhuyurilim ni ka tiŋgbani shɛŋa ni mini gɔmnantinima ban zaɣisi sheebu ni, ban bi galisi gaŋbu (n-ti tabili ninuɣ'shɛba ban be LGBT ni, adiininima mini laɣinsi zuliyanima ni) ni kɔriŋ fahili.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Carol E.|date=28 July 2015|title=Obama Becomes First U.S. President to Address African Union|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|url-status=live|access-date=29 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729094216/http://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|archive-date=29 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 July 2015|title=Remarks by President Obama to the People of Africa|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120220442/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|archive-date=20 January 2017|access-date=29 July 2015|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|via=[[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Treaties ===
{{AU evolution timeline}}

== Siyaasa ==

:
; Financial institutions

* African Central Bank – [[Abuja]], Nigeria
* African Investment Bank – Tripoli, Libya
* African Monetary Fund – Yaoundé, Cameroon

Lala tuma duri ŋɔ na bi kpa; amaa, komitiinima ban be di kpabu ni nyɛla bɛ ni piigi shɛba. Lal n-nyɛli,  AU malila niya ni di diri laɣ'yini (Afro).

; Alaafee
: Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), daa kpala yuuni 2016 ka di suuna niŋ yuuni 2017. Di tuma du'zuɣuri be la Addis Ababa Ethiopia.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int-2017-01-31&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-01-31|title=Africa CDC Official Launch|url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630023917/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-date=30 June 2018|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb.int-2017-02-02&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-02-02|title=The African Union launches Africa CDC, a Continent-wide Public Health Agency|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180037/https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|work=[[Reliefweb]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc.gov-2017-07-27&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-07-27|title=Africa CDC: Improving Disease Detection and Emergency Response on the African Continent|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180936/https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Inspection visit to Africa CDC Headquarters building site|url=https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205114846/https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|archive-date=5 February 2022|access-date=2022-02-05|website=Africa CDC|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; Ninsalinima fukumsi
: African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, nyɛla din beni tum yuuni 1986, di be la African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights fukumsi ni (African Charter) amaa ka ni Constitutive Act of the African Union.
; Polo
: African Space Agency nyɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2023. Di tuma du'zuɣu be la Cairo.
; Yaa
: African Energy Commission daa nYɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2008, ka be Algiers.

=== Tiŋgbana din be din ni ===
{{Main|Member states of the African Union}}

UN member states din be Africa mini African islands zaa bela AU, ka nyɛ yaɣ'shɛli din tabi [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] (SADR). [[Morocco]] daa yila Organisation of African Unity ni yuuni 1984 ka di nyɛla SADR sulinsi ni ka di daa be, ka di tiŋgbani yaɣili [[Western Sahara]] daa zaŋli kpehi di maŋsulinsi ni.  AU daa lahi labi deei li Anashaara goli January biɛɣu pihita yuuni 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;worldbulletin&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=30 January 2017|title=Morocco rejoins African Union|publisher=Worldbulletin|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|url-status=usurped|access-date=31 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720013737/http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|archive-date=20 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Somaliland]], din nyɛ [[Somalia]] ni deei shɛli, daa sabi gbaŋ ti ni di kpe AU yuuni 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nelson&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Nelson, Elizabeth A.|title=Regional Politics and State Secession|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|year=2021|isbn=978-1-83910-377-3|pages=105}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mali nyɛla bɛ nin daa naa yihi shɛba African Union ni saha biɛla sunsuuni Anashaara goli 19 August 2020 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu niŋ naai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=African Union suspends Mali following coup|work=Agence France-Presse, Reuters|publisher=Deutsche Welle|url=https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913003040/https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|archive-date=13 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anashaara goli 9 October lala yuuni ŋɔ yaha, [[Peace and Security Council]] zaŋti African Union daa paai lala yihibu fukumsi ŋɔ Mali zuɣi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union lifts Mali's suspension imposed in the wake of coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009202811/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|archive-date=9 October 2020|access-date=2020-10-09|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Bɛ daa lahi labi zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa tiŋgbani maa zuɣu Anashaara goli June dahin yini dali yuuni 2021, di sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu ni daa lahi niŋ chira awɔi sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2 June 2021|title=African Union announces 'immediate suspension' of Mali after second coup|work=France 24, Reuters, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912141924/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lala fukumsi ŋɔ daa pani Guinea gba zuɣu African Union ni ANashaara goli September biɛɣu pia dali yuuni 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Alpha Condé]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=10 September 2021|title=African Union suspends Guinea after coup, as envoys arrive for talks|work=France 24, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912022912/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sudan gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pani shɛli zuɣu Anashaara goli 27 October 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmananti shee tiŋgbani zuɣulana [[Abdalla Hamdok]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union suspends Sudan over coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027130242/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|archive-date=27 October 2021|access-date=2021-10-27|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Burkina Faso gba nyɛla lala fukumsi ŋɔ ni daa pani shɛli zuɣu African Union ni bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu Anashaara goli 31 January 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AU suspends Burkina Faso after coup as envoys head for talks|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062926/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|archive-date=23 December 2022|access-date=2022-01-31|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nige gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛba zuɣu Anashaara goli 22 August 2023 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣula [[Mohamed Bazoum]]; tum din saha ka [[2023 Nigerien crisis]] pili.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2023-08-22|title=African Union suspends participation of Niger following coup|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|url-status=live|access-date=2023-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906024202/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|archive-date=6 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gabon gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛli zuɣu 31 August 2023 bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmananti sheei [[Ali Bongo Ondimba]] nyaaŋa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Newspaper|first=The Peninsula|date=2023-08-31|title=African Union says to 'immediately suspend' Gabon after coup|url=https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902185942/http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|archive-date=2 September 2023|access-date=2023-08-31|website=thepeninsulaqatar.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{TOC limit|3}}


== Members ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{DZA}}
* {{AGO}}
* {{BEN}}
* {{BWA}}
* {{BFA}} (suspended)
* {{BDI}}
* {{CMR}}
* {{CPV}}
* {{CAF}}
* {{TCD}}
* {{COM}}
* {{COD}}
* {{COG}}
* {{DJI}}
* {{EGY}}
* {{GNQ}}
* {{ERI}}
* {{SWZ}}
* {{ETH}}
* {{GAB}}
* {{GMB}}
* {{GHA}}
* {{GIN}} (suspended)
* {{GNB}}
* {{CIV}}
* {{KEN}}
* {{LSO}}
* {{LBR}}
* {{LBY}}
* {{MDG}}
* {{MWI}}
* {{MLI}} (suspended)
* {{MRT}}
* {{MUS}}
* {{MAR}}
* {{MOZ}}
* {{NAM}}
* {{NER}} (suspended)
* {{NGA}}
* {{RWA}}
* {{SADR}}
* {{STP}}
* {{SEN}}
* {{SYC}}
* {{SLE}}
* {{SOM}}
* {{ZAF}}
* {{SSD}}
* {{SDN}} (suspended)
* {{TZA}}
* {{TGO}}
* {{TUN}}
* {{UGA}}
* {{ZMB}}
* {{ZWE}}
{{div col end}}

==== Observers ====
* {{HAI}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Haiti Will Not Join the African Union |url=https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |website=Haiti Hub |access-date=22 June 2023 |date=22 May 2016 |archive-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622142803/https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ISR}} (suspended as of February 2023)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|title=African Union says Israel's observer status suspended|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908195006/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |author=((i24NEWS)) |date=2022-02-06 |title=Israel dispute erupts at African Union summit |language=en |work=Ynetnews |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |access-date=2022-02-06 |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151241/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{KAZ}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstan's Observer status at the African Union: What Does It Mean for Africa? |url=https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=www.igd.org.za |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327081029/https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{LAT}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-01-11|url=http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|title=Latvia becomes observer to African Union|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia]]|website=www.mfa.gov.lv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918030201/http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|archive-date=18 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{MEX}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-06-18 |title=Chairperson Receives the Credentials of the First Permanent Observer of Mexico to the African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |website=au.int |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901115222/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|Palestine}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-05-27 |title=AU grants Palestine observer status |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |publisher=[[Egypt Independent]] |first=Fathya |last=el-Dakhakhni |website=egyptindependent.com |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=29 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229042151/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{SRB}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 January 2014|language=sr-latn|title=Mrkić na samitu u Adis Abebi|url=https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|website=b92.net|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=16 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071458/https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{TUR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-11 |title=What's driving Turkey's commercial &amp; military relations with Africa? |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en-US |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151227/https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{UKR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-06-22 |title=Ukraine has obtained the observer status in the African Union |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] |website=mfa.gov.ua |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071456/https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ARE}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chairperson Receives Credentials of the Permanent Observer of the United Arab Emirates. {{!}} African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=au.int |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151252/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== African Union tuma ====
{{Supranational African Bodies|align=right|size=500px}}Yuuni 1980 [[Lagos Plan of Action for the Development of Africa]] mini yuuni 1991 varisigu ni African Economic Community kpabu (bɛ ni lahi booni shɛli Abuja Treaty), daa yina ni tɛha din nyɛ [[Regional Economic Communities]] (RECs) kpabu ni niŋ binshɛli din yɛn laɣim Africa taba.&lt;ref&gt;See note on [https://web.archive.org/web/20040906140832/http://www.dfa.gov.za/docs/2003/au0815.htm The Role of the Regional Economic Communities (RECs) as the Building Blocks of the African Union] prepared by the South African Department of Foreign Affairs.&lt;/ref&gt;

Saha ŋɔ, RECs dibaa anii m-be AU. Din nima n-nyɛ:

* [[Arab Maghreb Union]] (AMU)
* [[Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa]] (COMESA)
* [[Community of Sahel-Saharan States]] (CEN-SAD)
* [[East African Community]] (EAC)
* [[Economic Community of Central African States]] (ECCAS)
* [[Economic Community of West African States]] (ECOWAS)
* [[Intergovernmental Authority on Development]] (IGAD)
* [[Southern Africa Development Community]] (SADC)&lt;ref&gt;Decision on the Protocol on Relations between the African Union and the Regional Economic Communities (RECs), Assembly/AU/Dec.166 (IX).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=President of Mauritania Elected as New Chairperson of AU|url=https://www.ena.et/web/eng/w/eng_4033947}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of chairpersons ==
{{main|Chairperson of the African Union}}
[[File:Jakaya Kikwete and Muammar al-Gaddafi, 12th AU Summit, 090202-N-0506A-678.jpg|thumb|left|[[Muammar Gaddafi]] embracing Tanzanian President [[Jakaya Kikwete|Kikwete]] after assuming the chairmanship]]
{{Clear|left}}

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-valign=top
|+Chairpersons of the African Union
|-
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Name
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Beginning of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|End of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Country
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Thabo Mbeki]]
|9 July 2002
|10 July 2003
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Joaquim Chissano]]
|10 July 2003
|6 July 2004
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Olusegun Obasanjo]]
|6 July 2004
|24 January 2006
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]]
|24 January 2006
|24 January 2007
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[John Kufuor]]
|30 January 2007
|31 January 2008
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Jakaya Kikwete]]
|31 January 2008
|2 February 2009
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Muammar al-Gaddafi]]
|2 February 2009
|31 January 2010
|{{flagdeco|Libya|1977}} [[Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|Libya]]
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Bingu wa Mutharika]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE60U05O20100131l Gaddafi fails in bid to remain African Union chair], Reuters, 31 January 2010 {{Dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20111230205627/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g8cvj3048f4WEB6UQuim80MKqhVA Malawi president takes over as AU president], AFP, 31 January 2010&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2010
|31 January 2011
|{{flag|Malawi|2010}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography According to the AU] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006153642/http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography |date=6 October 2011 }}, his official style is ''Son Excellence Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Président de la République, Chef de l'État et Président Fondateur du Parti Démocratique de Guinée Equatoriale'' {{in lang|fr}}. Retrieved 4 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2011
|29 January 2012
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Yayi Boni]]
|29 January 2012
|27 January 2013
|{{flag|Benin}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Hailemariam Desalegn]]
|27 January 2013
|30 January 2014
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz]]
|30 January 2014
|30 January 2015
|{{flag|Mauritania|1959}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Robert Mugabe]]
|30 January 2015
|30 January 2016
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Idriss Déby]]
|30 January 2016
|30 January 2017
|{{flag|Chad}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Alpha Condé]]
|30 January 2017
|28 January 2018
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Paul Kagame]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |title=President Paul Kagame, Elected as New Chairperson of the African Union for the year 2018 - African Union |website=au.int |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205134722/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|28 January 2018
|10 February 2019
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]]
|10 February 2019
|10 February 2020
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |title=South Africa takes over as AU chair: What to expect |website=aljazeera.com |access-date=12 February 2020 |archive-date=12 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212104846/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|10 February 2020
|10 February 2021
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Félix Tshisekedi]]
|10 February 2021
|5 February 2022
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Macky Sall]]
|5 February 2022
|18 February 2023
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Azali Assoumani]]
|18 February 2023
|17 February 2024
|{{flag|Comoros}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Ghazouani]]
|17 February 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|}

=== African Union summits ===
[[File:Niger, Niamey, Boulevard Mali Béro (2)(Rue IB-56).jpg|thumb|300px|left|Billboard in Niamey (Niger) announcing the 33rd AU Summit (2019)]]
{{Clear}}
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
|-
!width=155px| Session
! Host country
! Host city
! Date
! Theme
! Notes
|-
| 37th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|17 February 2024|format=d}}–{{dts|18 February 2024}}|| &quot;Educate and Skill Africa for the 21st Century&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://au.int/en/summit/37 | title=African Union &amp;#124; an Integrated, Prosperous and Peaceful Africa }}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 36th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|18 February 2023|format=d}}–{{dts|19 February 2023}}|| || 
|-
| 35th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 February 2022|format=d}}–{{dts|6 February 2022}}|| ||
|-
| 34th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|6 February 2021|format=d}}–{{dts|7 February 2021}}|| ||
|-
| 33rd&lt;ref name=development&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|title=The 33rd AU Summit kicks off with the 39th Session of the Permanent Representatives Committee &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121172202/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|9 February 2020|format=d}}–{{dts|10 February 2020}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|title=33rd AU Summit : Online accreditation for Journalists now open &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203234748/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;||&quot;Silencing the guns: creating conducive conditions for Africa's development&quot;&lt;ref name=development /&gt;||Agreement for [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]] to become operational in July 2020.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore /&gt; Agreements to reduce gender gap and inequality and to &quot;silence guns&quot; on the continent.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|title=South African President Cyril Ramaphosa elected African Union Chairperson as continent vows to 'silence the guns', boost trade and close gender gap|work=Today News Africa|access-date=2 May 2021|date=9 February 2020|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216015953/https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 12th Extraordinary Summit on [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]]&lt;ref name=extra12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705085754/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Niger}}||[[Niamey]]|| {{dts|4 July 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2019}} || &quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot; || Launch of the [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]]
|- 
| 32nd&lt;ref name=&quot;summit32&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=32nd AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/32 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806201405/https://au.int/en/summit/32 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|10 February 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|11 February 2019}}||&quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot;||
|-
| 11th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra11&gt;{{cite web |title=11th Extraordinary Summit Summary of Key Decisions |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |website=African Union |access-date=22 January 2020 |date=18 November 2018 |archive-date=22 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122180323/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 November 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|18 November 2018}}|| || Agreement reached on reorganisation AU Commission&lt;ref name=extra11 /&gt;
|-
| 31st&lt;ref name=&quot;summit31&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=31st AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/31 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708203337/https://au.int/en/summit/31 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mauritania}}||[[Nouakchott]]|| {{dts|25 June 2018|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra10&gt;{{cite web |title=10th Extraordinary Session of the Assembly on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708005309/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]]|| {{dts|17 March 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|21 March 2018}}|| &quot;Creating One African Market&quot; || Agreement reached on the AfCFTA
|-
| 30th&lt;ref name=summit30&gt;{{cite web |title=30th AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/30 |access-date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=22 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322020614/https://au.int/en/summit/30 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|29 January 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 29th&lt;ref name=summit29&gt;{{cite web |title=29th AU summit |date=5 July 2017 |url=https://au.int/en/summit/29 |access-date=15 November 2017 |archive-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116034051/https://au.int/en/summit/29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 June 2017|format=dm}} – {{dts|4 July 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; ||
|-
| 28th&lt;ref name=summit28&gt;{{cite web |title=28th AU summit |date=30 January 2017 |url=https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |access-date=31 January 2017 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202063411/https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2017|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; || Morocco rejoins the AU after 33 years
|-
| 27th&lt;ref name=summit27&gt;{{cite web |title=27th AU summit |date=July 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=7 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007033940/http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]] || {{dts|10 July 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|18 July 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot; || Launch of [[African Union Passport]]
|-
| 26th&lt;ref name=summit26&gt;{{cite web |title=26th AU summit |date=January 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/26 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=29 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929114302/http://au.int/en/summit/26 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot;||
|-
| [[Third India-Africa Forum Summit]] || {{flag|India}} || [[New Delhi]] || {{dts|26 October 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|29 October 2015}} || &quot;Reinvigorated Partnership—Shared Vision&quot; ||
|-
| 25th&lt;ref name=summit25&gt;{{cite web |title=25th AU summit |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002150945/http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=25th African Union Summit in Johannesburg – African Union Commission media information |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215016/http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Johannesburg]] || {{dts|7 June 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|15 June 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; || Featured Angelina Jolie&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=A Call for Global Support in Ending Women's Violence Done by Angelina Jolie |publisher=Newwatch NGR |url=http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |website=newswatchngr.com |date=February 2016 |access-date=23 February 2016 |archive-date=23 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223171129/http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 24th&lt;ref name=summit24&gt;{{cite web |title=24th AU summit |date=January 2015 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624103215/http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-date=24 June 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–Turkey Summit|| {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|19 November 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|21 November 2014}}|| &quot;A New Model of Partnership to Enhance a Sustainable Development and Integration of Africa&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Second Turkey-Africa Partnership Summit |date=November 2014 |url=http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225225133/http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Africa Turkey 2014 |date=November 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095901/http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 23rd&lt;ref name=summit23&gt;{{cite web |title=23rd AU summit |date=June 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709071223/http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-date=9 July 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|20 June 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|27 June 2014}}|| &quot;Year of Agriculture and food security&quot; ||
|-
| 22nd&lt;ref name=summit22&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd AU summit |date=January 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214161520/http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-date=14 February 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd Ordinary Session of the Summit of the African Union |date=January 2014 |url=http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214002039/http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-date=14 February 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2014}}|| &quot;Year Agriculture and food security, Marking 10th Anniversary of the Adoption of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP)&quot; ||
|-
| Extraordinary Summit on the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&lt;ref name=summiticc&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Extraordinary Summit on ICC |date=October 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220184942/http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-date=20 December 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]
| {{dts|11 October 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|12 October 2013}}|| &quot;Africa's Relationship with the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&quot; || This was in regards to the ICC's non-adherence to AU calls to drop certain charges against sitting leaders and claims that it was disproportionally targeting Africans.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |title=Kenya pushing for African split from International Criminal Court |newspaper=[[Irish Times]] |access-date=30 January 2014 |archive-date=28 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928170024/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 21st&lt;ref name=summit21&gt;{{cite web |title=21st AU summit |date=May 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701003301/http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-date=1 July 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|19 May 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|27 May 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; || 50th Anniversary of the Establishment of the [[Organisation of African Unity]]
|-
| 20th&lt;ref name=summit20&gt;{{cite web |title=20th AU summit |date=January 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509094507/http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-date=9 May 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 January 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|28 January 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; ||
|-
| Diaspora Summit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Global Africa Diaspora Summit |date=May 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916162142/http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-date=16 September 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Sandton, South Africa|Sandton]] || {{dts|23 May 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2012}}|| &quot;Towards the Realisation of a United and Integrated Africa and Its Diaspora&quot; ||
|-
| 19th&lt;ref name=summit19&gt;{{cite web |title=19th African Union (AU) Summit to be held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |date=June 2012 |url=http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002164755/http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|9 July 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|16 July 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| 18th&lt;ref name=summit18&gt;{{cite web |title=18th AU summit |date=January 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614120243/http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-date=14 June 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| [[17th Ordinary African Union Summit|17th]]&lt;ref name=summit17&gt;{{cite web |title=17th AU summit |date=June 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095847/http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{nowrap|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|23 June 2011|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2011}}|| &quot;Youth Empowerment for Sustainable Development&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–India Summit || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|20 May 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2011}}|| &quot;Enhancing partnership: shared vision&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=2nd Africa-India Forum Summit |date=May 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331174105/http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia |archive-date=31 March 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 16th&lt;ref name=summit16&gt;{{cite web |title=16th African Union summit |date=January 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090533/http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|24 January 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2011}}|| &quot;Towards Greater Unity and Integration through Shared Values&quot; ||
|-
| 15th&lt;ref name=summit15&gt;{{cite web |title=15th African Union summit |date=July 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909081209/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-date=9 September 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Uganda}}||[[Kampala]] || {{dts|19 July 2010|format=d}}–{{dts|27 July 2010}}|| &quot;Maternal, Infant, and Child Health and Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 14th&lt;ref name=summit14&gt;{{cite web |title=14th African Union summit |date=January 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122225/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2010|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2010}}|| &quot;Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Africa: Challenges and Prospects for Development&quot; ||
|-
| 13th&lt;ref name=summit13&gt;{{cite web |title=13th African Union summit |date=July 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040008/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|24 June 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 July 2009}}|| &quot;Investing in Agriculture for Economic Growth and Food Security&quot; ||
|-
| 12th&lt;ref name=summit12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th African Union summit |date=January 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040018/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|26 January 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 February 2009}}|| &quot;Infrastructure Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 11th&lt;ref name=summit11&gt;{{cite web |title=The 11th AU summit |date=July 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122200/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Egypt}}||[[Sharm el-Sheikh]] || {{dts|24 June 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2008}}|| &quot;Meeting the Millennium Development Goals on Water and Sanitation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th&lt;ref name=summit10&gt;{{cite web |title=The 10th African Union summit |date=January 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102035957/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2008}}|| &quot;Industrial Development of Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 9th&lt;ref name=summit9&gt;{{cite web |title=9th African Union summit |date=July 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040001/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ghana}}||[[Accra]] || {{dts|25 June 2007|format=dm}} – {{dts|6 July 2007}}|| &quot;Grand Debate on the Union Government&quot; ||
|-
| 8th&lt;ref name=summit8&gt;{{cite web |title=8th African Union summit |date=January 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806145357/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2007|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2007}}|| 1. &quot;Science, Technology and Scientific Research for Development&quot; &lt;br /&gt;2. &quot;Climate Change in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 7th&lt;ref name=summit7&gt;{{cite web |title=7th African Union summit |date=July 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806144655/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Gambia}}||[[Banjul]] || {{dts|25 June 2006|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2006}}|| &quot;Rationalisation of Recs and Regional Integration&quot; ||
|-
| 6th&lt;ref name=summit6&gt;{{cite web |title=6th African Union summit |date=January 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214191451/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-date=14 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Sudan}}||[[Khartoum]] || {{dts|16 January 2006|format=d}}–{{dts|24 January 2006}}|| &quot;Education and Culture&quot; ||
|-
| 5th&lt;ref name=summit5&gt;{{cite web |title=5th African Union summit |date=June 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224163231/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-date=24 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|28 June 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|29 June 2005}}|| ||
|-
| Extraordinary summit on UN Reform&lt;ref name=summitlist&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Summit |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215221812/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-date=15 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|4 August 2005}} || ||
|-
| 4th&lt;ref name=summit4&gt;{{cite web |title=4th African Union summit |date=January 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315081032/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-date=15 March 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Nigeria}}||[[Abuja]] || {{dts|24 January 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2005}}|| ||
|-
| 3rd&lt;ref name=summit3&gt;{{cite web |title=3rd African Union summit |date=July 2004 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207061226/http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-date=7 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|6 July 2004|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2004}}|| ||
|-
| 2nd&lt;ref name=summit2&gt;{{cite web |title=African Union Summit Maputo Mozambique |date=July 2003 |url=http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708083551/http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mozambique}}||[[Maputo]] || {{dts|2 July 2003|format=d}}–{{dts|12 July 2003}}|| ||
|-
| 1st&lt;ref name=summit1&gt;{{cite web |title=OAU/AU summit |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022142733/http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |archive-date=22 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Durban, South Africa|Durban]] || {{dts|28 June 2002}} – {{dts|10 July 2002}}|| &quot;Peace, Development and Prosperity: The African Century&quot; || Notable events include the launch of the African Union.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=1st AU summit: Documents and Speeches |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001222437/http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html| archive-date=1 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}


==== Africa–Caribbean relations ====
{{See also|Group of 77|Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States}}
[[Caribbean]] tiŋgbana pam nyɛla din kpuɣi niya ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ni [[Africa]] tiŋgbana. African Union lihirila Caribbean ka di nyɛ yaɣili din ni tooi pahi buyɔbu  &quot;Sixth Region&quot; tiŋgbana yaɣa din laɣim taba maa puuni.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/ African Union 6th Region Diaspora Headquarters to be established in Accompong, Jamaica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311035309/https://thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/|date=11 March 2023}}, 24 January 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;Caribbean tiŋgbani shɛŋa nyɛla Africa din yihi di maŋ pahi tuma yaɣa ni, n-ti tabili [[Barbados]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Lorna|title=Barbados inks MOU with African Export-Import Bank|url=https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717182615/https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|archive-date=17 July 2022|access-date=17 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[the Bahamas]] ni [[Guyana]], din zaa pahi [[African Export–Import Bank]] ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 December 2022|title=Barbados Parliament ratifies Partnership Agreement with Afreximbank, as Guyanaand Bahamas join CARICOM signatories|url=https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323124813/https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|archive-date=23 March 2023|access-date=10 September 2023|website=African Export-Import Bank}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaha, [[Caribbean Development Bank]] dihila laɣim tum gbana ni n-ti [[African Development Bank]] (AfDB).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/ AfDB, CDB move to deepen Africa, Caribbean cooperation, sign MoU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625194438/https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/|date=25 June 2022}}, June 18, 2022&lt;/ref&gt; [[Antigua and Barbuda]] gba niŋ zaɣa ni Africa mini Caribbean.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-01-09|title=Antigua Airways is airborne and ready to become the &quot;pride of the Caribbean&quot;|url=https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423231330/https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua News Room|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=jennelsa.johnson|date=2023-04-17|title=Government has not given up on Antigua Airways as company seeks to make comeback|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424072842/https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amaa, din nyɛla din ʒi yɛli muɣisira na tiŋgbana loobu ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-28|title=3 dead, 13 missing in Caribbean sinking; 14 Africans saved|url=https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531093832/https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|archive-date=31 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=AP NEWS|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-29|title=Tragedy at sea: Boat carrying African migrants from Antigua capsizes near St Kitts|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520064903/https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|archive-date=20 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-31|title=Fury as gov't says it bears no responsibility for migrant boat tragedy|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419124847/https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|archive-date=19 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Less than 600 West African migrants remain in Antigua {{!}} Loop Caribbean News|url=https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910051756/https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|archive-date=10 September 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Loop News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-07|title=The migrants stranded on an island they had not heard of|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822235248/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|archive-date=22 August 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=BBC News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-02-11|title=Antigua Government says no automatic citizenship for stranded Africans|url=https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423182748/https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=CNW Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{main|Africa–China relations}}

==== Africa–China relations ====
Yaɣ'yini din daabiligu be tooni [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC). [[Forum on China–Africa Cooperation]] nyɛla daabiligu balibu noiŋbu Africa tiŋgbana ni mini China.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|pages=56|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tum FOCAC zaŋ gɔhi taba ni yuuni 2012, African Union gab nyɛla din tim nuu ni tabi-sɔŋ ni, amaa  Africantingbana din be FOCAC na kuli nyɛla din zani ti di maŋa sahakam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|page=57|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Africa–EU relations ====
Zaŋ jendi European Commission polo, European Union's biɛhigu ni Africa nyɛla din kpa talahi. Tooni ha Africa-EU laɣim tum niya ni European Commission mini European External Action Service nyɛla din kahigi Joint Communication ni &quot;Towards a Comprehensive Strategy with Africa&quot;. Di buɣisila laɣim tum ni:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|date=2020-11-03|title=Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085246/https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=International Partnerships - European Commission|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 52020JC0004 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516184133/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|archive-date=16 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=eur-lex.europa.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Green Transition and Energy Access
* Digital Transformation
* Sustainable Growth and Jobs&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mobilising Investments for African structural sustainable transformation {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513082259/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|archive-date=13 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Strengthening Resilience, Peace, Security and Governance {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085847/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Peace, Security and Governance&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot; /&gt;
* Migration and Mobility&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Migration and mobility {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085848/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Lahabali_kɔligu:Eritrea_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg|thumb|[[South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011]]]]
In response to the ongoing [[Darfur conflict]] in Sudan, the AU has deployed 7,000 peacekeepers, many from Rwanda and Nigeria, to [[Darfur]]. While a donor's conference in Addis Ababa in 2005 helped raise funds to sustain the peacekeepers through that year and into 2006, in July 2006 the AU said it would pull out at the end of September when its mandate expires.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=28 June 2006|title=AU Darfur mission 'to end soon'|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826204932/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|archive-date=26 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Critics of the AU peacekeepers, including [[Eric Reeves]], have said these forces are largely ineffective due to lack of funds, personnel, and expertise. Monitoring a large area has made it even more difficult to sustain an effective mission. In June 2006, the [[United States Congress]] appropriated US$173&amp;nbsp;million for the AU force. Some, such as the [[Genocide Intervention Network]], have called for UN or [[NATO]] intervention to augment and/or replace the AU peacekeepers. The UN has considered deploying a force, though it would not likely enter the country until at least October 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Security Council Authorises Deployment of United Nations-African Union 'Hybrid' Peace Operation in Bid To Resolve Darfur Conflict|url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc9089.doc.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815184454/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/sc9089.doc.htm|archive-date=15 August 2007|access-date=26 November 2012|publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; The under-funded and badly equipped AU mission was set to expire on 31 December 2006 but was extended to 30 June 2007 and merged with the [[United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur]] in October 2007. In July 2009 the African Union ceased cooperation with the [[International Criminal Court]], refusing to recognise the international arrest warrant it had issued against Sudan's leader, [[Omar al-Bashir]], who was indicted in 2008 for [[War crime|war crimes]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=5 July 2009|title=African move on Bashir dismissed|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225224733/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The AU struggled to have a strategic role in the independence talks and the reconciliation process of [[South Sudan]], due to overwhelming interests of African and non-African powers, its influence is still limited and not consistent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Sulaiman|first=Abubkar o.|author2=Agoha, Ifeanyi Chuckwu|date=1 October 2013|title=South Sudan Negotiated Independence: A Critique of African Union's Role|journal=European Journal of Sustainable Development|volume=2|issue=3|pages=145–154|bibcode=2013EJSD....2..145S|doi=10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n3p145|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Clear}}

== Economy ==
{{main|Economy of the African Union}}

[[African Continental Free Trade Area|African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)]] nyɛla bɛ ni daa piligi shɛli ni tiŋgbana pihinu ni anahi tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu maa puuni ka di daabilim nyɛ din daa piligi Silimiin goli January dahin yini yuuni 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shendruk|first=Amanda|date=2020-12-31|title=The world's largest free trade area starts up on Jan. 1, 2021|url=https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|access-date=2021-01-04|website=Quartz|language=en|archive-date=4 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104075017/https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[African Export–Import Bank]], nyɛla din yɛn tabi sɔŋ ka bɛ piligi [[Pan-African Payment and Settlement System]]..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |title=Profile: African Union |date=1 July 2006 |access-date=10 July 2006 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060712034155/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |archive-date=12 July 2006 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Clear}}
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]]
(km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|title=The World Bank DataBank {{!}} Explore. Create. Share|website=databank.worldbank.org|access-date=4 February 2017|archive-date=7 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107162640/http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[List of countries by population|Population]]
{{UN_Population|Year}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |title=2015 Human Development Report |last=Office |first=Human Development Report |website=report.hdr.undp.org |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211223435/http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016 |title=The Fragile States Index 2016 {{!}} The Fund for Peace|website=fsi.fundforpeace.org|access-date=12 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204213240/http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016|archive-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2016 |last=e.V. |first=Transparency International |newspaper=transparency.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=30 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170130045244/http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/index/ |title=Index of Economic Freedom: Promoting Economic Opportunity and Prosperity by Country |website=www.heritage.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=29 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629215405/http://www.heritage.org/index/ |url-status=unfit }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016 |title=Vision of Humanity |website=static.visionofhumanity.org |access-date=12 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213091208/http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016|archive-date=13 February 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Press Freedom Index|WPFI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://rsf.org/en/ranking|title=2016 World Press Freedom Index {{!}} Reporters Without Borders|newspaper=RSF|access-date=12 February 2017|archive-date=1 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201195036/https://rsf.org/en/ranking|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |title=Democracy Index 2016 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224070253/http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |archive-date=24 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Country|Algeria}}
|2,381,741
|{{UN_Population|Algeria}}
|548,293,085,686
|13,823
|0.736
|78.3
|34
|50.06
|2.21
|41.69
|3.56
|-
|{{Country|Angola}}
|1,246,700
|{{UN_Population|Angola}}
|173,593,223,667
|6,938
|0.532
|90.5
|18
|48.94
|2.14
|39.89
|3.40
|-
|{{Country|Benin}}
|112,760
|{{UN_Population|Benin}}
|21,016,184,357
|1,932
|0.48
|78.9
|36
|59.31
|2.00
|28.97
|5.67
|-
|{{Country|Botswana}}
|566,730
|{{UN_Population|Botswana}}
|33,657,545,969
|14,876
|0.698
|63.5
|60
|71.07
|1.64
|22.91
|7.87
|-
|{{Country|Burkina Faso}}
|273,600
|{{UN_Population|Burkina Faso}}
|28,840,666,622
|1,593
|0.402
|89.4
|42
|59.09
|2.06
|22.66
|4.70
|-
|{{Country|Burundi}}
|25,680
|{{UN_Population|Burundi}}
|7,634,578,343
|300
|0.4
|100.7
|20
|53.91
|2.50
|54.10
|2.40
|-
|{{Country|Cape Verde}}
|4,030
|{{UN_Population|Cape Verde}}
|3,205,197,585
|6,158
|0.646
|71.5
|59
|66.46
|N/A
|19.82
|7.94
|-
|{{Country|Cameroon}}
|472,710
|{{UN_Population|Cameroon}}
|68,302,439,597
|2,926
|0.512
|97.8
|26
|54.18
|2.36
|40.53
|3.46
|-
|{{Country|Central African Republic}}
|622,980
|{{UN_Population|Central African Republic}}
|2,847,726,468
|581
|0.35
|112.1
|20
|45.23
|3.35
|33.60
|1.61
|-
|{{Country|Chad}}
|1,259,200
|{{UN_Population|Chad}}
|28,686,194,920
|2,044
|0.392
|110.1
|20
|46.33
|2.46
|40.59
|1.50
|-
|{{Country|Comoros}}
|1,861
|{{UN_Population|Comoros}}
|1,098,546,195
|1,393
|0.503
|83.8
|24
|52.35
|N/A
|24.33
|3.71
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Democratic Republic of the}}
|2,267,050
|{{UN_Population|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|56,920,935,460
|300
|0.433
|
|21
|46.38
|3.11
|50.97
|1.93
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Republic of the}}
|341,500
|{{UN_Population|Congo}}
|27,690,345,067
|5,993
|0.591
|92.2
|20
|42.80
|2.25
|35.84
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Djibouti}}
|23,180
|{{UN_Population|Djibouti}}
|2,911,406,226
|3,279
|0.47
|89.7
|30
|55.96
|2.29
|70.90
|2.83
|-
|{{Country|Egypt}}
|1,010,407
|{{UN_Population|Egypt}}
|1,173,000,000,000
|10,250
|0.69
|90.2
|34
|55.96
|2.57
|54.45
|3.31
|-
|{{Country|Equatorial Guinea}}
|28,050
|{{UN_Population|Equatorial Guinea}}
|32,317,928,931
|38,243
|0.587
|85.2
|N/A
|43.67
|1.94
|66.47
|1.70
|-
|{{Country|Eritrea}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |title=Eritrea |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121011902/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|101,000
|{{UN_Population|Eritrea}}
|8,845,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.391
|98.6
|18
|42.7
|2.46
|83.92
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Eswatini}}
|17,204
|{{UN_Population|Eswatini}}
|10,452,834,007
|8,122
|0.531
|87.6
|N/A
|59.65
|2.07
|52.37
|3.03
|-
|{{Country|Ethiopia}}
|1,104,300
|{{UN_Population|Ethiopia}}
|152,057,290,468
|1,530
|0.442
|97.2
|34
|51.52
|2.28
|45.13
|3.60
|-
|{{Country|Gabon}}
|257,670
|{{UN_Population|Gabon}}
|32,539,376,597
|18,860
|0.684
|72
|35
|58.96
|2.03
|32.20
|3.74
|-
|{{Country|Gambia, The}}
|10,120
|{{UN_Population|Gambia}}
|3,140,820,062
|1,578
|0.441
|86.8
|26
|57.14
|2.09
|46.53
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Ghana}}
|227,540
|{{UN_Population|Ghana}}
|108,393,071,924
|3,955
|0.579
|71.2
|43
|63.00
|1.81
|17.95
|6.75
|-
|{{Country|Guinea}}
|245,720
|{{UN_Population|Guinea}}
|14,316,884,358
|1,135
|0.411
|103.8
|27
|53.33
|2.15
|33.08
|3.14
|-
|{{Country|Guinea-Bissau}}
|28,120
|{{UN_Population|Guinea-Bissau}}
|2,521,743,682
|1,367
|0.42
|99.8
|16
|51.81
|2.26
|29.03
|1.98
|-
|{{Country|Ivory Coast}}
|318,000
|{{UN_Population|Ivory Coast}}
|74,916,780,423
|3,300
|0.462
|97.9
|34
|60.01
|2.28
|30.17
|3.81
|-
|{{Country|Kenya}}
|569,140
|{{UN_Population|Kenya}}
|133,592,522,053
|2,901
|0.548
|98.3
|26
|57.51
|2.38
|31.16
|5.33
|-
|{{Country|Lesotho}}
|30,360
|{{UN_Population|Lesotho}}
|5,914,437,068
|2,770
|0.497
|80.9
|39
|50.62
|1.94
|28.78
|6.59
|-
|{{Country|Liberia}}
|96,320
|{{UN_Population|Liberia}}
|3,533,313,381
|500
|0.43
|95.5
|37
|52.19
|2.00
|30.71
|5.31
|-
|{{Country|Libya}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya/ |title=Libya |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109235257/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,759,540
|{{UN_Population|Libya}}
|94,010,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|14,900&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.724
|96.4
|14
|N/A
|3.20
|57.89
|2.25
|-
|{{Country|Madagascar}}
|581,800
|{{UN_Population|Madagascar}}
|33,354,200,458
|1,376
|0.51
|84.2
|26
|61.06
|1.76
|27.04
|5.07
|-
|{{Country|Malawi}}
|94,280
|{{UN_Population|Malawi}}
|19,137,290,349
|1,112
|0.445
|87.6
|31
|51.8
|1.82
|28.12
|5.55
|-
|{{Country|Mali}}
|1,220,190
|{{UN_Population|Mali}}
|33,524,899,739
|1,905
|0.419
|95.2
|32
|56.54
|2.49
|39.83
|5.70
|-
|{{Country|Mauritania}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |title=Mauritania |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=7 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107034713/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,030,700
|{{UN_Population|Mauritania}}
|16,190,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|4,400&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.506
|95.4
|27
|54.8
|2.30
|24.03
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Mauritius}}
|2,030
|{{UN_Population|Mauritius}}
|23,817,914,134
|18,864
|0.777
|43.2
|54
|74.73
|1.56
|27.69
|8.28
|-
|{{Country|Morocco}}
|446,300
|{{UN_Population|Morocco}}
|257,398,957,178
|7,365
|0.628
|74.2
|37
|61.27
|2.09
|42.64
|4.77
|-
|{{Country|Mozambique}}
|786,380
|{{UN_Population|Mozambique}}
|31,326,751,237
|1,120
|0.416
|87.8
|27
|53.19
|1.96
|30.25
|4.02
|-
|{{Country|Namibia}}
|823,290
|{{UN_Population|Namibia}}
|24,043,436,006
|9,778
|0.628
|71.1
|52
|61.85
|1.87
|15.15
|6.31
|-
|{{Country|Niger}}
|1,266,700
|{{UN_Population|Niger}}
|17,857,377,171
|897
|0.348
|98.4
|35
|54.26
|2.24
|24.62
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Nigeria}}
|910,770
|{{UN_Population|Nigeria}}
|1,168,000,000,000
|5,639
|0.514
|103.5
|28
|57.46
|2.88
|35.90
|4.50
|-
|{{Country|Rwanda}}
|24,670
|{{UN_Population|Rwanda}}
|19,216,033,048
|1,655
|0.483
|91.3
|54
|63.07
|2.32
|54.61
|3.07
|-
|{{Country|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|960
|{{UN_Population|Sao Tome and Principe}}
|575,391,345
|3,023
|0.555
|72.9
|46
|56.71
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Senegal}}
|192,530
|{{UN_Population|Senegal}}
|34,398,281,018
|2,274
|0.466
|83.6
|45
|58.09
|1.98
|27.99
|6.21
|-
|{{Country|Seychelles}}
|460
|{{UN_Population|Seychelles}}
|2,384,515,771
|25,525
|0.772
|60.2
|N/A
|62.2
|N/A
|30.60
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sierra Leone}}
|72,180
|{{UN_Population|Sierra Leone}}
|9,511,431,824
|1,474
|0.413
|91
|30
|52.31
|1.81
|29.94
|4.55
|-
|{{Country|Somalia}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/ |title=Somalia |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=1 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701190026/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|627,340
|{{UN_Population|Somalia}}
|5,900,000,000&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|114
|10
|N/A
|3.41
|65.35
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|South Africa}}
|1,213,090
|{{UN_Population|South Africa}}
|742,461,000,000
|12,393
|0.666
|69.9
|45
|61.9
|2.32
|21.92
|7.41
|-
|{{Country|South Sudan}}
|619,745
|{{UN_Population|South Sudan}}
|21,484,823,398
|1,741
|0.467
|113.8
|11
|N/A
|3.59
|44.87
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sudan}}
|1,886,086
|{{UN_Population|Sudan}}
|165,813,461,495
|4,121
|0.479
|111.5
|14
|N/A
|3.27
|72.53
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Tanzania}}
|885,800
|{{UN_Population|United Republic of Tanzania}}
|130,297,806,032
|2,510
|0.521
|81.8
|32
|58.46
|1.90
|28.65
|5.76
|-
|{{Country|Togo}}
|54,390
|{{UN_Population|Togo}}
|10,018,697,437
|1,372
|0.484
|85.8
|32
|53.64
|1.95
|30.31
|3.32
|-
|{{Country|Tunisia}}
|155,360
|{{UN_Population|Tunisia}}
|121,200,025,401
|10,770
|0.721
|74.6
|41
|57.55
|1.95
|31.60
|6.40
|-
|{{Country|Uganda}}
|200,520
|{{UN_Population|Uganda}}
|67,856,334,117
|1,738
|0.483
|97.7
|25
|59.26
|2.15
|32.58
|5.26
|-
|{{Country|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 June 2007 |title=Western Sahara |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|266,000
|{{UN_Population|Western Sahara}}
|906,500,000&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2,500&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Zambia}}
|743,390
|{{UN_Population|Zambia}}
|58,400,082,027
|3,602
|0.586
|86.3
|38
|58.79
|1.78
|35.08
|5.99
|-
|{{Country|Zimbabwe}}
|386,850
|{{UN_Population|Zimbabwe}}
|26,180,942,292
|500
|0.509
|100.5
|22
|38.23
|2.32
|40.41
|3.05
|-
|'''{{noflag|African Union}}'''
|30,370,000
|{{UN_Population|Africa}}
|5,457,724,064,668
|4,602
|0.524&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|88.99&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|31.51&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|55.55&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2.27
|37.89
|4.30
|-
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]] (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015
![[List of countries by population|Population]] {{UN_Population|Year}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016
![[Reporters Without Borders|WPFI]]
2016
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016
|}

== Lihimi m-pahi ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Africa Adaptation Initiative]]
* [[African Century]]
* [[African Peer Review Mechanism]]
* [[African Renaissance]]
* [[African Standby Force]]
* [[African Unification Front]]
* [[Africanisation]]
* [[Central Asian Union]]
* [[East African Federation]]
* [[Ezulwini agreement]]
* [[Friends of the African Union]]
* [[Indigenous peoples of Africa]]
* [[List of country groupings]]
* [[List of multilateral free-trade agreements]]
* [[Climate adaptation|Prevention of environmental migration]]
* [[Pan-Africanism]]
* [[Pan-African Women's Organization]]
{{div col end}}

== Noosi ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==Kundivihira==
=== Sources ===
{{Reflist}}

=== General and cited references ===
{{Library resources box}}
* [https://web.archive.org</text>
      <sha1>28a7vq92tf77onaca5txae4lsvy8fx0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>115038</id>
      <parentid>115037</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-09T13:58:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdul Rahman Abdul Kudus</username>
        <id>5829</id>
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      <minor />
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      <text bytes="97844" sha1="fquv72rsxxbna8riuo2d5843ivl112g" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Continental union of African states}}
{{For|the predecessor organisation|Organisation of African Unity}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox geopolitical organisation
| conventional_long_name = African Union
| native_name            = {{Name in various languages
 | name = {{nobold|''(in other official languages)''}}
 | ar = الاتحاد الأفريقي
 | fr = Union africaine
 | pt = União Africana
 | es = Unión Africana
 | sw = Umoja wa Afrika
 }}
| linking_name           = the African Union
| image_flag             = Flag of the African Union.svg
| alt_flag               = Flag of the African Union
| alt_symbol             = 
| symbol_width           = 85px
| motto                  = &quot;A United and Strong Africa&quot;
| anthem                 = &quot;[[Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html |title=African Union anthem, etc |publisher=Africamasterweb.com |access-date=26 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915041714/http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html | archive-date=15 September 2015 | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{center|}}{{Align|center| |style=margin-top:0em}}
| image_map              = Map of the African Union with Suspended States.svg
| alt_map                = An [[Orthographic projection (cartography)|orthographic projection]] of [[Earth|the world]], highlighting the African Union and its member states (green).
| map_width              = 220px
| map_caption            = {{legend2|#2A5C2B|Member states}}&lt;br /&gt;{{legend2|#00D500|Suspended states}}
| org_type               = [[Continental union]]
| membership_type        = Membership
| membership             = {{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
 |title = [[Member states of the African Union|55 member states]]
|{{flag|Algeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Angola|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Benin|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Botswana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Burkina Faso|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp|Suspended}}
|{{flag|Burundi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cameroon|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cape Verde|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Central African Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Chad|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Comoros|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Djibouti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Egypt|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eritrea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eswatini|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ethiopia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Gabon|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Gambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ghana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Guinea|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ivory Coast|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kenya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Lesotho|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Liberia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Libya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Madagascar|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Malawi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mali|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Mauritania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mauritius|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Morocco|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mozambique|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Namibia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Niger|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Nigeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Rwanda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sahrawi Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Senegal|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Seychelles|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sierra Leone|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Somalia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Africa|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Sudan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sudan|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Tanzania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Togo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Tunisia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Uganda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zimbabwe|size=23px}}
}}
{{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
|title = 9 observer states
|{{flag|Haiti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kazakhstan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Latvia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mexico|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Palestine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Serbia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Turkey|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ukraine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates|size=23px}}
}}
| admin_center_type      = Political centres
| admin_center           = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Addis Ababa]]&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;}} |{{nowrap|[[Johannesburg]]&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;}}}}
| largest_settlement_type = urban agglomerations
| largest_city           = 
| largest_settlement     = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Cairo]]}} |{{nowrap|[[Lagos]]}}}}
| languages_type         = Official languages
| languages              = {{hlist | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] | [[English language|English]] | [[French language|French]] | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]]  | [[Swahili language|Swahili]] | and any other [[Languages of Africa|African language]]&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;}}
| demonym                = African
| leader_title1          = [[Chairperson of the African Union|Chairperson]]
| leader_name1           = [[João Lourenço]]
| leader_title2          = [[Chairperson of the African Union Commission|Commission Chairperson]]
| leader_name2           = [[Mahamoud Ali Youssouf]]
| leader_title3          = [[Pan-African Parliament#Presidents of the Pan-African Parliament|Parliamentary President]]
| leader_name3           = [[Fortune Z. Charumbira]]
| legislature            = [[Pan-African Parliament]]
| established_event1     = [[Organisation of African Unity|OAU Charter]]
| established_date1      = 25 May 1963
| established_event2     = [[Abuja Treaty]]
| established_date2      = 3 June 1991
| established_event3     = [[Sirte Declaration]]
| established_date3      = 9 September 1999
| established_event4     = African Union founded
| established_date4      = {{start date and age|2002|07|09}}
| established_event5     = [[History of South Sudan|Admission of]] [[South Sudan]]
| established_date5      = 9 July 2011
| established_event6     = [[Member states of the African Union|Admission of]] [[Morocco]]
| established_date6      = 31 January 2017
| established_event7     = [[African Continental Free Trade Area]] (AfCFTA)
| established_date7      = 1 January 2021
| area_km2               = 29,922,059&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2016&quot;&gt;Corresponds to the terrestrial surface. Including the [[Exclusive Economic Zones]] of each member state, the total area is 43 434 569&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 1,494,988,668{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $8.990 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO/WEOWORLD/IDN/AFQ.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668%2C672%2C612%2C614%2C674%2C676%2C678%2C682%2C684%2C638%2C686%2C688%2C616%2C728%2C748%2C618%2C624%2C692%2C694%2C622%2C626%2C628%2C632%2C636%2C634%2C662%2C611%2C714%2C716%2C469%2C722%2C642%2C643%2C718%2C724%2C734%2C644%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C652%2C732%2C656%2C654%2C738%2C742%2C744%2C746%2C664%2C754%2C666%2C698&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |access-date=8 February 2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714135232/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668,672,612,614,674,676,678,682,684,638,686,688,616,728,748,618,624,692,694,622,626,628,632,636,634,662,611,714,716,469,722,642,643,718,724,734,644,726,646,199,648,733,652,732,656,654,738,742,744,746,664,754,666,698&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,LP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion|Excluding Western Sahara due to lack of data}}
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2024
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $6,330&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal            = {{decrease}} $2.81 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion}}
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2024
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{decrease}} $1,960&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.577
| HDI_year               = 2020
| cctld                  = [[.africa]]
| footnotes              = {{unbulleted list |&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[African Union Commission]]. |&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[Pan-African Parliament]].}}
| official_website       = {{URL|https://au.int}}
| area_rank              = 
| today                  = 
}}

'''African Union''' ('''AU''') nyɛla tiŋgbani bɔbugu laɣingu zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu&lt;ref name=&quot;UIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100033436 |url-access= |title=African Union (AU) |author1=Staff writer |year=2025 |department=UIA Global Civil Society Database |website=uia.org |publisher=[[Union of International Associations]] |agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online |location=Brussels, Belgium |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date=8 January 2025 |via= |quote= |trans-quote= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Member States AU-UN |url=https://www.africanunion-un.org/memberstates |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka nyɛ din be [[Africa]]. AU nyɛla bɛ ni daa niŋ shɛli laɣngu Sirte Declaration din be Sirte, Libya Silimiin goli September yuuni 1999, ka bɛ niya daa nyɛ bɛ kpa African Union. Bɛ daa piligi li Silimiin goli July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002  Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_&amp;_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union,%209%20July%202002.htm |title=Launch of the African Union, 9 July 2002: Address by the chairperson of the AU, President Thabo Mbeki |first=Thabo |last=Mbeki |date=9 July 2002 |publisher=africa-union.org |location=ABSA Stadium, Durban, South Africa |access-date=8 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503210549/http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_%26_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union%2C%209%20July%202002.htm |archive-date=3 May 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ daa mali lala niya ni AU nyɛla di ni tooi zani Organisation of African Unity (OAU) zani, di nyɛla bɛ ni daa kpa shɛli Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1963 ka di ni daa piligi shɛli nyɛ Addis Ababa, gomnantinima pihita ni ayi nyɛ ban daa dihi bɛ nuhi gbana zuɣu zaŋ n-ti li; OAU ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa kari shɛli Silimiin goli  July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002 Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;/&gt; 

African Union ŋɔ nyɛla din mali salo ban kalinli gari 1.3 &quot;billion&quot; ka di tiŋgbani galisim paai kamani  {{convert|30|e6km2|e6sqmi|sigfig=2|abbr=unit}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Manboah-Rockson |first1=Joseph |title=Politics &amp; the Struggle for Democracy in Ghana: An Introduction to Political Science |date=23 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Balli shɛŋa din be di ni nyɛ  Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, n-ti pahi Swahili.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://au.int/en/about/languages |title=AU Languages |access-date=2 May 2021 |publisher=African Union |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407001442/https://au.int/en/about/languages |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

G20 (Group of 20) laɣingu din daa niŋ New Delhi, [[India]] yuuni 2023, African Union nyɛla ban daa kpɛ G20.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=September 9, 2023 |title=African Union made permanent member of G20 at Delhi summit |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/09/african-union-made-permanent-member-of-g20-at-delhi-summit |access-date=December 12, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Overview ==
African Union niyanima n-nyɛ:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Constitutive Act|url=https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415235637/https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|archive-date=15 April 2020|access-date=2 May 2021|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;

# Di ʒi nangbanyini din mali yaa na, taba laɣimbu ni Africa tinsi mini [[Africa|African]] tingbana taba puu biɛri taba zuɣu.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi maŋsulinsi, tiŋgbana taba shebu ni tiŋgbani din kam be din ni maŋsulinsi.
# Ni di kpaŋsi siyaasa mini biɛhigu-daabiligu laɣimbu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋgbana taba sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 November 2024|title=Evolution of Geopolitical Dynamics in Africa|url=https://www.guambia.com.uy/67/evolution-of-geopolitical-dynamics-in-africa/2312/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=Guambia}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The New Power Play in Africa: Russia, China, and the Shifting Sands of Influence|url=https://kcsgroup.com/the-new-power-play-in-africa-russia-china-and-the-shifting-sands-of-influence/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=KCS Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ni di kpaŋsi ka gu ka taɣi [[Africa|African]] zaashee zaŋ chaŋ bɛ suhuyurilim polo di tiŋgbani yaɣa mini di niriba sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi daabiligu tiŋgban sunsuuni, ka mali Charter of the United Nations mini Universal Declaration of Human Rights tumdi tuma.
# Ni di kpaŋsi suhudoo, niriba gubu, ni tiŋgbani yaɣa zanibu chibi.
# Ni di kmpaŋsi maŋsulinsi zalisi, ni gɔmnanti tali din niŋ dede.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi ninsalinima mini niriba fukumsi din be African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights ni mini &quot;human rights instruments&quot; yaɣa din niŋ talahi.
# Ni di zali zalisi din kpa talahi ka che ka tiŋgbani yaɣa maa tumdi di tuma dunia daabiligu ni ni shaawara gbaabu tiŋgbana sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim din nyɛ soha-biɛɣuni dini zaŋti daabiligu,biɛhigu ni kaya ni taɣada biɛhigu ni Africa daabiligu yaɣa zaŋ laɣim taba.
# Ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ninsalisili yaɣa kam n duhi biɛri suŋ Africanima sunsuuni.
# To coordinate and harmonise the policies between the existing and future Regional Economic Communities for the gradual attainment of the objectives of the Union.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim tiŋgbana yaɣa maa ni din dalim vihigu niŋbu, di bahi bahindi tabiibi mini tabiibi zaŋ tum tuma.
# Ni di mini tiŋgbana laɣim tum n-kpihim dɔriti din mali taɣibu mini alaafee kpaŋsibu tiŋgbana ni.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm Africa-union.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604051527/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm|date=4 June 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
{{Main|History of the African Union|History of Africa}}

African Union taarihi pilila &quot;'''First Congress of Independent African States&quot;''', din daa niŋ [[Accra]], [[Ghana]] bini din gbaai Anashaara goli April biɛɣu pinaanu zaŋ chaŋ biɛɣu pishinaayi yuuni 1958. Laɣingu maa niya daa nyɛla di kpa Africa Day, n-ti tabili Organisation of African Unity (OAU), din daa kpa Anashaara goli May biɛɣu pishinaanu yuuni 1963, ni [[African Economic Community]] yuuni 1991.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210205406/http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may|date=10 December 2018}} South African History Online (SAHO), 15 May 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ansarisi maaniba daa ŋme nangbankpeeni ni OAU ka nuu timbu shɛli ninsalilnima fukumsi ni .&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2115736&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Reynolds|first=Paul|date=8 July 2002|title=African Union replaces dictators' club|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601025542/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|archive-date=1 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tɛha din tahi AU kpabu na nyɛla din daa labi niŋ nyɛvuli 1990s sunsuuni Libyan tiŋgbani zuɣulana Muammar al-Gaddafi saha;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Adebajo|first=Adekeye|date=2011-08-26|title=Gaddafi: the man who would be king of Africa|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011605/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Guardian|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbana zuɣulana mini kpɛma zaŋti OAU daa yina ni Sirte Declaration (bɛ ni daa zaŋ Sirte, Libya yuli boli shɛli) Anashaara goli September dabaa awɔi yuuni 1999, ka daa ŋmeri kuŋ bɔri African Union nambu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-12-05|title=The African Union After Gaddafi|url=http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410172928/http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|archive-date=10 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 10, 2001|title=African leaders elect OAU boss|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414032647/https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-08-27|title=New Partnership for Africa's Development – NEPAD {{!}} Poverty Eradication|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419153619/https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html|archive-date=19 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=www.un.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

African Union suuna daa niŋla Durban Anashaara goli July dabaa awɔi yuuni 2002 ni di tuuli ʒia kuɣulana, South Africa tiŋgbani zuɣulana kuro [[Thabo Mbeki]], Assembly of the African Union tuuli yaɣili ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-11-18|title=The African Union is launched|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416010303/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|archive-date=16 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=Africa Renewal|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Assembly yaɣili din pahiri ayi daa niŋla Maputo yuuni 2003 ka din pahiri ata daa niŋ Addis Ababa Anashaara goli July dabaa ayɔbu yuuni 2004.

Tum yuuni 2010, African Union daa mali niya ni di kpa &quot;African space agency&quot; laɣim taba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=5 September 2010|title=Africa prepares to join the big boys in the space race|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116213335/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|archive-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=6 September 2012|title=Sudanese president calls for African space agency|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102203403/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|archive-date=2 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=11 September 2012|title=Africa eyes joint space agency|url=http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021070210/http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|archive-date=21 October 2013|access-date=21 October 2013|publisher=Phys.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Ezigbo|first1=Onyebuchi|last2=Okpara|first2=Lois|date=9 August 2010|title=AU to Establish African Space Agency|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212084442/http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|archive-date=12 February 2014|access-date=11 December 2015|publisher=All Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Barack Obama n daa nyɛ tuuli United States tiŋgbani zuɣulana ŋun ʒi gbana ni ka di alizama African Union ni Addis Ababa Anashaara goli July biɛɣu pihita yini ka dali yuuni 2015. O daa alizama dibu ni, o daa kpaŋsiya ni dunisnims laɣindi niŋdi daabiligu ka tabiri sɔŋdi shikuru baŋsim tooni chandi ni, ni lɛbiginsim mini dahi yɛligibu. Amaa, o daa lahi galim suhuyurilim ni ka tiŋgbani shɛŋa ni mini gɔmnantinima ban zaɣisi sheebu ni, ban bi galisi gaŋbu (n-ti tabili ninuɣ'shɛba ban be LGBT ni, adiininima mini laɣinsi zuliyanima ni) ni kɔriŋ fahili.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Carol E.|date=28 July 2015|title=Obama Becomes First U.S. President to Address African Union|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|url-status=live|access-date=29 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729094216/http://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|archive-date=29 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 July 2015|title=Remarks by President Obama to the People of Africa|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120220442/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|archive-date=20 January 2017|access-date=29 July 2015|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|via=[[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Treaties ===
{{AU evolution timeline}}

== Siyaasa ==

:
; Financial institutions

* African Central Bank – [[Abuja]], Nigeria
* African Investment Bank – Tripoli, Libya
* African Monetary Fund – Yaoundé, Cameroon

Lala tuma duri ŋɔ na bi kpa; amaa, komitiinima ban be di kpabu ni nyɛla bɛ ni piigi shɛba. Lal n-nyɛli,  AU malila niya ni di diri laɣ'yini (Afro).

; Alaafee
: Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), daa kpala yuuni 2016 ka di suuna niŋ yuuni 2017. Di tuma du'zuɣuri be la Addis Ababa Ethiopia.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int-2017-01-31&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-01-31|title=Africa CDC Official Launch|url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630023917/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-date=30 June 2018|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb.int-2017-02-02&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-02-02|title=The African Union launches Africa CDC, a Continent-wide Public Health Agency|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180037/https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|work=[[Reliefweb]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc.gov-2017-07-27&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-07-27|title=Africa CDC: Improving Disease Detection and Emergency Response on the African Continent|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180936/https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Inspection visit to Africa CDC Headquarters building site|url=https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205114846/https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|archive-date=5 February 2022|access-date=2022-02-05|website=Africa CDC|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; Ninsalinima fukumsi
: African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, nyɛla din beni tum yuuni 1986, di be la African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights fukumsi ni (African Charter) amaa ka ni Constitutive Act of the African Union.
; Polo
: African Space Agency nyɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2023. Di tuma du'zuɣu be la Cairo.
; Yaa
: African Energy Commission daa nYɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2008, ka be Algiers.

=== Tiŋgbana din be din ni ===
{{Main|Member states of the African Union}}

UN member states din be Africa mini African islands zaa bela AU, ka nyɛ yaɣ'shɛli din tabi Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR). [[Morocco]] daa yila Organisation of African Unity ni yuuni 1984 ka di nyɛla SADR sulinsi ni ka di daa be, ka di tiŋgbani yaɣili Western Sahara daa zaŋli kpehi di maŋsulinsi ni.  AU daa lahi labi deei li Anashaara goli January biɛɣu pihita yuuni 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;worldbulletin&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=30 January 2017|title=Morocco rejoins African Union|publisher=Worldbulletin|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|url-status=usurped|access-date=31 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720013737/http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|archive-date=20 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Somaliland, din nyɛ [[Somalia]] ni deei shɛli, daa sabi gbaŋ ti ni di kpe AU yuuni 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nelson&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Nelson, Elizabeth A.|title=Regional Politics and State Secession|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|year=2021|isbn=978-1-83910-377-3|pages=105}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mali nyɛla bɛ nin daa naa yihi shɛba African Union ni saha biɛla sunsuuni Anashaara goli 19 August 2020 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu niŋ naai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=African Union suspends Mali following coup|work=Agence France-Presse, Reuters|publisher=Deutsche Welle|url=https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913003040/https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|archive-date=13 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anashaara goli 9 October lala yuuni ŋɔ yaha, [[Peace and Security Council]] zaŋti African Union daa paai lala yihibu fukumsi ŋɔ Mali zuɣi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union lifts Mali's suspension imposed in the wake of coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009202811/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|archive-date=9 October 2020|access-date=2020-10-09|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Bɛ daa lahi labi zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa tiŋgbani maa zuɣu Anashaara goli June dahin yini dali yuuni 2021, di sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu ni daa lahi niŋ chira awɔi sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2 June 2021|title=African Union announces 'immediate suspension' of Mali after second coup|work=France 24, Reuters, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912141924/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lala fukumsi ŋɔ daa pani Guinea gba zuɣu African Union ni ANashaara goli September biɛɣu pia dali yuuni 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣulana Alpha Condé.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=10 September 2021|title=African Union suspends Guinea after coup, as envoys arrive for talks|work=France 24, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912022912/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sudan gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pani shɛli zuɣu Anashaara goli 27 October 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmananti shee tiŋgbani zuɣulana Abdalla Hamdok.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union suspends Sudan over coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027130242/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|archive-date=27 October 2021|access-date=2021-10-27|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Burkina Faso gba nyɛla lala fukumsi ŋɔ ni daa pani shɛli zuɣu African Union ni bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu Anashaara goli 31 January 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AU suspends Burkina Faso after coup as envoys head for talks|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062926/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|archive-date=23 December 2022|access-date=2022-01-31|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nige gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛba zuɣu Anashaara goli 22 August 2023 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣula Mohamed Bazoum; tum din saha ka 2023 Nigerien crisis pili.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2023-08-22|title=African Union suspends participation of Niger following coup|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|url-status=live|access-date=2023-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906024202/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|archive-date=6 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gabon gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛli zuɣu 31 August 2023 bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmananti sheei Ali Bongo Ondimba nyaaŋa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Newspaper|first=The Peninsula|date=2023-08-31|title=African Union says to 'immediately suspend' Gabon after coup|url=https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902185942/http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|archive-date=2 September 2023|access-date=2023-08-31|website=thepeninsulaqatar.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{TOC limit|3}}


== Members ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{DZA}}
* {{AGO}}
* {{BEN}}
* {{BWA}}
* {{BFA}} (suspended)
* {{BDI}}
* {{CMR}}
* {{CPV}}
* {{CAF}}
* {{TCD}}
* {{COM}}
* {{COD}}
* {{COG}}
* {{DJI}}
* {{EGY}}
* {{GNQ}}
* {{ERI}}
* {{SWZ}}
* {{ETH}}
* {{GAB}}
* {{GMB}}
* {{GHA}}
* {{GIN}} (suspended)
* {{GNB}}
* {{CIV}}
* {{KEN}}
* {{LSO}}
* {{LBR}}
* {{LBY}}
* {{MDG}}
* {{MWI}}
* {{MLI}} (suspended)
* {{MRT}}
* {{MUS}}
* {{MAR}}
* {{MOZ}}
* {{NAM}}
* {{NER}} (suspended)
* {{NGA}}
* {{RWA}}
* {{SADR}}
* {{STP}}
* {{SEN}}
* {{SYC}}
* {{SLE}}
* {{SOM}}
* {{ZAF}}
* {{SSD}}
* {{SDN}} (suspended)
* {{TZA}}
* {{TGO}}
* {{TUN}}
* {{UGA}}
* {{ZMB}}
* {{ZWE}}
{{div col end}}

==== Observers ====
* {{HAI}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Haiti Will Not Join the African Union |url=https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |website=Haiti Hub |access-date=22 June 2023 |date=22 May 2016 |archive-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622142803/https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ISR}} (suspended as of February 2023)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|title=African Union says Israel's observer status suspended|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908195006/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |author=((i24NEWS)) |date=2022-02-06 |title=Israel dispute erupts at African Union summit |language=en |work=Ynetnews |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |access-date=2022-02-06 |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151241/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{KAZ}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstan's Observer status at the African Union: What Does It Mean for Africa? |url=https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=www.igd.org.za |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327081029/https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{LAT}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-01-11|url=http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|title=Latvia becomes observer to African Union|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia]]|website=www.mfa.gov.lv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918030201/http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|archive-date=18 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{MEX}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-06-18 |title=Chairperson Receives the Credentials of the First Permanent Observer of Mexico to the African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |website=au.int |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901115222/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|Palestine}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-05-27 |title=AU grants Palestine observer status |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |publisher=[[Egypt Independent]] |first=Fathya |last=el-Dakhakhni |website=egyptindependent.com |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=29 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229042151/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{SRB}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 January 2014|language=sr-latn|title=Mrkić na samitu u Adis Abebi|url=https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|website=b92.net|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=16 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071458/https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{TUR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-11 |title=What's driving Turkey's commercial &amp; military relations with Africa? |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en-US |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151227/https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{UKR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-06-22 |title=Ukraine has obtained the observer status in the African Union |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] |website=mfa.gov.ua |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071456/https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ARE}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chairperson Receives Credentials of the Permanent Observer of the United Arab Emirates. {{!}} African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=au.int |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151252/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== African Union tuma ====
{{Supranational African Bodies|align=right|size=500px}}Yuuni 1980 [[Lagos Plan of Action for the Development of Africa]] mini yuuni 1991 varisigu ni African Economic Community kpabu (bɛ ni lahi booni shɛli Abuja Treaty), daa yina ni tɛha din nyɛ [[Regional Economic Communities]] (RECs) kpabu ni niŋ binshɛli din yɛn laɣim Africa taba.&lt;ref&gt;See note on [https://web.archive.org/web/20040906140832/http://www.dfa.gov.za/docs/2003/au0815.htm The Role of the Regional Economic Communities (RECs) as the Building Blocks of the African Union] prepared by the South African Department of Foreign Affairs.&lt;/ref&gt;

Saha ŋɔ, RECs dibaa anii m-be AU. Din nima n-nyɛ:

* [[Arab Maghreb Union]] (AMU)
* [[Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa]] (COMESA)
* [[Community of Sahel-Saharan States]] (CEN-SAD)
* [[East African Community]] (EAC)
* [[Economic Community of Central African States]] (ECCAS)
* [[Economic Community of West African States]] (ECOWAS)
* [[Intergovernmental Authority on Development]] (IGAD)
* [[Southern Africa Development Community]] (SADC)&lt;ref&gt;Decision on the Protocol on Relations between the African Union and the Regional Economic Communities (RECs), Assembly/AU/Dec.166 (IX).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=President of Mauritania Elected as New Chairperson of AU|url=https://www.ena.et/web/eng/w/eng_4033947}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of chairpersons ==
{{main|Chairperson of the African Union}}
[[File:Jakaya Kikwete and Muammar al-Gaddafi, 12th AU Summit, 090202-N-0506A-678.jpg|thumb|left|[[Muammar Gaddafi]] embracing Tanzanian President [[Jakaya Kikwete|Kikwete]] after assuming the chairmanship]]
{{Clear|left}}

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-valign=top
|+Chairpersons of the African Union
|-
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Name
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Beginning of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|End of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Country
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Thabo Mbeki]]
|9 July 2002
|10 July 2003
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Joaquim Chissano]]
|10 July 2003
|6 July 2004
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Olusegun Obasanjo]]
|6 July 2004
|24 January 2006
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]]
|24 January 2006
|24 January 2007
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[John Kufuor]]
|30 January 2007
|31 January 2008
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Jakaya Kikwete]]
|31 January 2008
|2 February 2009
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Muammar al-Gaddafi]]
|2 February 2009
|31 January 2010
|{{flagdeco|Libya|1977}} [[Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|Libya]]
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Bingu wa Mutharika]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE60U05O20100131l Gaddafi fails in bid to remain African Union chair], Reuters, 31 January 2010 {{Dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20111230205627/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g8cvj3048f4WEB6UQuim80MKqhVA Malawi president takes over as AU president], AFP, 31 January 2010&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2010
|31 January 2011
|{{flag|Malawi|2010}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography According to the AU] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006153642/http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography |date=6 October 2011 }}, his official style is ''Son Excellence Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Président de la République, Chef de l'État et Président Fondateur du Parti Démocratique de Guinée Equatoriale'' {{in lang|fr}}. Retrieved 4 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2011
|29 January 2012
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Yayi Boni]]
|29 January 2012
|27 January 2013
|{{flag|Benin}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Hailemariam Desalegn]]
|27 January 2013
|30 January 2014
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz]]
|30 January 2014
|30 January 2015
|{{flag|Mauritania|1959}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Robert Mugabe]]
|30 January 2015
|30 January 2016
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Idriss Déby]]
|30 January 2016
|30 January 2017
|{{flag|Chad}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Alpha Condé]]
|30 January 2017
|28 January 2018
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Paul Kagame]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |title=President Paul Kagame, Elected as New Chairperson of the African Union for the year 2018 - African Union |website=au.int |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205134722/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|28 January 2018
|10 February 2019
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]]
|10 February 2019
|10 February 2020
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |title=South Africa takes over as AU chair: What to expect |website=aljazeera.com |access-date=12 February 2020 |archive-date=12 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212104846/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|10 February 2020
|10 February 2021
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Félix Tshisekedi]]
|10 February 2021
|5 February 2022
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Macky Sall]]
|5 February 2022
|18 February 2023
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Azali Assoumani]]
|18 February 2023
|17 February 2024
|{{flag|Comoros}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Ghazouani]]
|17 February 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|}

=== African Union summits ===
[[File:Niger, Niamey, Boulevard Mali Béro (2)(Rue IB-56).jpg|thumb|300px|left|Billboard in Niamey (Niger) announcing the 33rd AU Summit (2019)]]
{{Clear}}
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
|-
!width=155px| Session
! Host country
! Host city
! Date
! Theme
! Notes
|-
| 37th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|17 February 2024|format=d}}–{{dts|18 February 2024}}|| &quot;Educate and Skill Africa for the 21st Century&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://au.int/en/summit/37 | title=African Union &amp;#124; an Integrated, Prosperous and Peaceful Africa }}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 36th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|18 February 2023|format=d}}–{{dts|19 February 2023}}|| || 
|-
| 35th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 February 2022|format=d}}–{{dts|6 February 2022}}|| ||
|-
| 34th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|6 February 2021|format=d}}–{{dts|7 February 2021}}|| ||
|-
| 33rd&lt;ref name=development&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|title=The 33rd AU Summit kicks off with the 39th Session of the Permanent Representatives Committee &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121172202/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|9 February 2020|format=d}}–{{dts|10 February 2020}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|title=33rd AU Summit : Online accreditation for Journalists now open &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203234748/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;||&quot;Silencing the guns: creating conducive conditions for Africa's development&quot;&lt;ref name=development /&gt;||Agreement for [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]] to become operational in July 2020.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore /&gt; Agreements to reduce gender gap and inequality and to &quot;silence guns&quot; on the continent.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|title=South African President Cyril Ramaphosa elected African Union Chairperson as continent vows to 'silence the guns', boost trade and close gender gap|work=Today News Africa|access-date=2 May 2021|date=9 February 2020|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216015953/https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 12th Extraordinary Summit on [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]]&lt;ref name=extra12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705085754/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Niger}}||[[Niamey]]|| {{dts|4 July 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2019}} || &quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot; || Launch of the [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]]
|- 
| 32nd&lt;ref name=&quot;summit32&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=32nd AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/32 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806201405/https://au.int/en/summit/32 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|10 February 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|11 February 2019}}||&quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot;||
|-
| 11th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra11&gt;{{cite web |title=11th Extraordinary Summit Summary of Key Decisions |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |website=African Union |access-date=22 January 2020 |date=18 November 2018 |archive-date=22 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122180323/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 November 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|18 November 2018}}|| || Agreement reached on reorganisation AU Commission&lt;ref name=extra11 /&gt;
|-
| 31st&lt;ref name=&quot;summit31&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=31st AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/31 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708203337/https://au.int/en/summit/31 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mauritania}}||[[Nouakchott]]|| {{dts|25 June 2018|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra10&gt;{{cite web |title=10th Extraordinary Session of the Assembly on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708005309/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]]|| {{dts|17 March 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|21 March 2018}}|| &quot;Creating One African Market&quot; || Agreement reached on the AfCFTA
|-
| 30th&lt;ref name=summit30&gt;{{cite web |title=30th AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/30 |access-date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=22 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322020614/https://au.int/en/summit/30 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|29 January 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 29th&lt;ref name=summit29&gt;{{cite web |title=29th AU summit |date=5 July 2017 |url=https://au.int/en/summit/29 |access-date=15 November 2017 |archive-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116034051/https://au.int/en/summit/29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 June 2017|format=dm}} – {{dts|4 July 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; ||
|-
| 28th&lt;ref name=summit28&gt;{{cite web |title=28th AU summit |date=30 January 2017 |url=https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |access-date=31 January 2017 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202063411/https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2017|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; || Morocco rejoins the AU after 33 years
|-
| 27th&lt;ref name=summit27&gt;{{cite web |title=27th AU summit |date=July 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=7 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007033940/http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]] || {{dts|10 July 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|18 July 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot; || Launch of [[African Union Passport]]
|-
| 26th&lt;ref name=summit26&gt;{{cite web |title=26th AU summit |date=January 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/26 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=29 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929114302/http://au.int/en/summit/26 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot;||
|-
| [[Third India-Africa Forum Summit]] || {{flag|India}} || [[New Delhi]] || {{dts|26 October 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|29 October 2015}} || &quot;Reinvigorated Partnership—Shared Vision&quot; ||
|-
| 25th&lt;ref name=summit25&gt;{{cite web |title=25th AU summit |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002150945/http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=25th African Union Summit in Johannesburg – African Union Commission media information |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215016/http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Johannesburg]] || {{dts|7 June 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|15 June 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; || Featured Angelina Jolie&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=A Call for Global Support in Ending Women's Violence Done by Angelina Jolie |publisher=Newwatch NGR |url=http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |website=newswatchngr.com |date=February 2016 |access-date=23 February 2016 |archive-date=23 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223171129/http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 24th&lt;ref name=summit24&gt;{{cite web |title=24th AU summit |date=January 2015 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624103215/http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-date=24 June 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–Turkey Summit|| {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|19 November 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|21 November 2014}}|| &quot;A New Model of Partnership to Enhance a Sustainable Development and Integration of Africa&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Second Turkey-Africa Partnership Summit |date=November 2014 |url=http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225225133/http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Africa Turkey 2014 |date=November 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095901/http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 23rd&lt;ref name=summit23&gt;{{cite web |title=23rd AU summit |date=June 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709071223/http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-date=9 July 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|20 June 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|27 June 2014}}|| &quot;Year of Agriculture and food security&quot; ||
|-
| 22nd&lt;ref name=summit22&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd AU summit |date=January 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214161520/http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-date=14 February 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd Ordinary Session of the Summit of the African Union |date=January 2014 |url=http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214002039/http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-date=14 February 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2014}}|| &quot;Year Agriculture and food security, Marking 10th Anniversary of the Adoption of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP)&quot; ||
|-
| Extraordinary Summit on the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&lt;ref name=summiticc&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Extraordinary Summit on ICC |date=October 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220184942/http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-date=20 December 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]
| {{dts|11 October 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|12 October 2013}}|| &quot;Africa's Relationship with the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&quot; || This was in regards to the ICC's non-adherence to AU calls to drop certain charges against sitting leaders and claims that it was disproportionally targeting Africans.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |title=Kenya pushing for African split from International Criminal Court |newspaper=[[Irish Times]] |access-date=30 January 2014 |archive-date=28 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928170024/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 21st&lt;ref name=summit21&gt;{{cite web |title=21st AU summit |date=May 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701003301/http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-date=1 July 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|19 May 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|27 May 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; || 50th Anniversary of the Establishment of the [[Organisation of African Unity]]
|-
| 20th&lt;ref name=summit20&gt;{{cite web |title=20th AU summit |date=January 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509094507/http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-date=9 May 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 January 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|28 January 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; ||
|-
| Diaspora Summit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Global Africa Diaspora Summit |date=May 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916162142/http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-date=16 September 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Sandton, South Africa|Sandton]] || {{dts|23 May 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2012}}|| &quot;Towards the Realisation of a United and Integrated Africa and Its Diaspora&quot; ||
|-
| 19th&lt;ref name=summit19&gt;{{cite web |title=19th African Union (AU) Summit to be held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |date=June 2012 |url=http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002164755/http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|9 July 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|16 July 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| 18th&lt;ref name=summit18&gt;{{cite web |title=18th AU summit |date=January 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614120243/http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-date=14 June 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| [[17th Ordinary African Union Summit|17th]]&lt;ref name=summit17&gt;{{cite web |title=17th AU summit |date=June 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095847/http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{nowrap|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|23 June 2011|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2011}}|| &quot;Youth Empowerment for Sustainable Development&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–India Summit || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|20 May 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2011}}|| &quot;Enhancing partnership: shared vision&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=2nd Africa-India Forum Summit |date=May 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331174105/http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia |archive-date=31 March 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 16th&lt;ref name=summit16&gt;{{cite web |title=16th African Union summit |date=January 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090533/http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|24 January 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2011}}|| &quot;Towards Greater Unity and Integration through Shared Values&quot; ||
|-
| 15th&lt;ref name=summit15&gt;{{cite web |title=15th African Union summit |date=July 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909081209/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-date=9 September 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Uganda}}||[[Kampala]] || {{dts|19 July 2010|format=d}}–{{dts|27 July 2010}}|| &quot;Maternal, Infant, and Child Health and Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 14th&lt;ref name=summit14&gt;{{cite web |title=14th African Union summit |date=January 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122225/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2010|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2010}}|| &quot;Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Africa: Challenges and Prospects for Development&quot; ||
|-
| 13th&lt;ref name=summit13&gt;{{cite web |title=13th African Union summit |date=July 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040008/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|24 June 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 July 2009}}|| &quot;Investing in Agriculture for Economic Growth and Food Security&quot; ||
|-
| 12th&lt;ref name=summit12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th African Union summit |date=January 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040018/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|26 January 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 February 2009}}|| &quot;Infrastructure Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 11th&lt;ref name=summit11&gt;{{cite web |title=The 11th AU summit |date=July 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122200/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Egypt}}||[[Sharm el-Sheikh]] || {{dts|24 June 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2008}}|| &quot;Meeting the Millennium Development Goals on Water and Sanitation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th&lt;ref name=summit10&gt;{{cite web |title=The 10th African Union summit |date=January 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102035957/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2008}}|| &quot;Industrial Development of Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 9th&lt;ref name=summit9&gt;{{cite web |title=9th African Union summit |date=July 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040001/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ghana}}||[[Accra]] || {{dts|25 June 2007|format=dm}} – {{dts|6 July 2007}}|| &quot;Grand Debate on the Union Government&quot; ||
|-
| 8th&lt;ref name=summit8&gt;{{cite web |title=8th African Union summit |date=January 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806145357/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2007|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2007}}|| 1. &quot;Science, Technology and Scientific Research for Development&quot; &lt;br /&gt;2. &quot;Climate Change in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 7th&lt;ref name=summit7&gt;{{cite web |title=7th African Union summit |date=July 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806144655/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Gambia}}||[[Banjul]] || {{dts|25 June 2006|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2006}}|| &quot;Rationalisation of Recs and Regional Integration&quot; ||
|-
| 6th&lt;ref name=summit6&gt;{{cite web |title=6th African Union summit |date=January 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214191451/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-date=14 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Sudan}}||[[Khartoum]] || {{dts|16 January 2006|format=d}}–{{dts|24 January 2006}}|| &quot;Education and Culture&quot; ||
|-
| 5th&lt;ref name=summit5&gt;{{cite web |title=5th African Union summit |date=June 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224163231/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-date=24 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|28 June 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|29 June 2005}}|| ||
|-
| Extraordinary summit on UN Reform&lt;ref name=summitlist&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Summit |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215221812/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-date=15 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|4 August 2005}} || ||
|-
| 4th&lt;ref name=summit4&gt;{{cite web |title=4th African Union summit |date=January 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315081032/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-date=15 March 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Nigeria}}||[[Abuja]] || {{dts|24 January 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2005}}|| ||
|-
| 3rd&lt;ref name=summit3&gt;{{cite web |title=3rd African Union summit |date=July 2004 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207061226/http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-date=7 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|6 July 2004|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2004}}|| ||
|-
| 2nd&lt;ref name=summit2&gt;{{cite web |title=African Union Summit Maputo Mozambique |date=July 2003 |url=http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708083551/http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mozambique}}||[[Maputo]] || {{dts|2 July 2003|format=d}}–{{dts|12 July 2003}}|| ||
|-
| 1st&lt;ref name=summit1&gt;{{cite web |title=OAU/AU summit |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022142733/http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |archive-date=22 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Durban, South Africa|Durban]] || {{dts|28 June 2002}} – {{dts|10 July 2002}}|| &quot;Peace, Development and Prosperity: The African Century&quot; || Notable events include the launch of the African Union.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=1st AU summit: Documents and Speeches |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001222437/http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html| archive-date=1 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}


==== Africa–Caribbean relations ====
{{See also|Group of 77|Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States}}
[[Caribbean]] tiŋgbana pam nyɛla din kpuɣi niya ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ni [[Africa]] tiŋgbana. African Union lihirila Caribbean ka di nyɛ yaɣili din ni tooi pahi buyɔbu  &quot;Sixth Region&quot; tiŋgbana yaɣa din laɣim taba maa puuni.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/ African Union 6th Region Diaspora Headquarters to be established in Accompong, Jamaica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311035309/https://thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/|date=11 March 2023}}, 24 January 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;Caribbean tiŋgbani shɛŋa nyɛla Africa din yihi di maŋ pahi tuma yaɣa ni, n-ti tabili [[Barbados]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Lorna|title=Barbados inks MOU with African Export-Import Bank|url=https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717182615/https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|archive-date=17 July 2022|access-date=17 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[the Bahamas]] ni [[Guyana]], din zaa pahi [[African Export–Import Bank]] ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 December 2022|title=Barbados Parliament ratifies Partnership Agreement with Afreximbank, as Guyanaand Bahamas join CARICOM signatories|url=https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323124813/https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|archive-date=23 March 2023|access-date=10 September 2023|website=African Export-Import Bank}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaha, [[Caribbean Development Bank]] dihila laɣim tum gbana ni n-ti [[African Development Bank]] (AfDB).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/ AfDB, CDB move to deepen Africa, Caribbean cooperation, sign MoU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625194438/https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/|date=25 June 2022}}, June 18, 2022&lt;/ref&gt; [[Antigua and Barbuda]] gba niŋ zaɣa ni Africa mini Caribbean.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-01-09|title=Antigua Airways is airborne and ready to become the &quot;pride of the Caribbean&quot;|url=https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423231330/https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua News Room|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=jennelsa.johnson|date=2023-04-17|title=Government has not given up on Antigua Airways as company seeks to make comeback|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424072842/https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amaa, din nyɛla din ʒi yɛli muɣisira na tiŋgbana loobu ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-28|title=3 dead, 13 missing in Caribbean sinking; 14 Africans saved|url=https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531093832/https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|archive-date=31 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=AP NEWS|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-29|title=Tragedy at sea: Boat carrying African migrants from Antigua capsizes near St Kitts|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520064903/https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|archive-date=20 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-31|title=Fury as gov't says it bears no responsibility for migrant boat tragedy|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419124847/https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|archive-date=19 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Less than 600 West African migrants remain in Antigua {{!}} Loop Caribbean News|url=https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910051756/https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|archive-date=10 September 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Loop News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-07|title=The migrants stranded on an island they had not heard of|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822235248/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|archive-date=22 August 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=BBC News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-02-11|title=Antigua Government says no automatic citizenship for stranded Africans|url=https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423182748/https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=CNW Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{main|Africa–China relations}}

==== Africa–China relations ====
Yaɣ'yini din daabiligu be tooni [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC). [[Forum on China–Africa Cooperation]] nyɛla daabiligu balibu noiŋbu Africa tiŋgbana ni mini China.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|pages=56|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tum FOCAC zaŋ gɔhi taba ni yuuni 2012, African Union gab nyɛla din tim nuu ni tabi-sɔŋ ni, amaa  Africantingbana din be FOCAC na kuli nyɛla din zani ti di maŋa sahakam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|page=57|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Africa–EU relations ====
Zaŋ jendi European Commission polo, European Union's biɛhigu ni Africa nyɛla din kpa talahi. Tooni ha Africa-EU laɣim tum niya ni European Commission mini European External Action Service nyɛla din kahigi Joint Communication ni &quot;Towards a Comprehensive Strategy with Africa&quot;. Di buɣisila laɣim tum ni:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|date=2020-11-03|title=Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085246/https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=International Partnerships - European Commission|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 52020JC0004 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516184133/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|archive-date=16 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=eur-lex.europa.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Green Transition and Energy Access
* Digital Transformation
* Sustainable Growth and Jobs&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mobilising Investments for African structural sustainable transformation {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513082259/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|archive-date=13 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Strengthening Resilience, Peace, Security and Governance {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085847/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Peace, Security and Governance&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot; /&gt;
* Migration and Mobility&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Migration and mobility {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085848/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Lahabali_kɔligu:Eritrea_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg|thumb|[[South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011]]]]
In response to the ongoing [[Darfur conflict]] in Sudan, the AU has deployed 7,000 peacekeepers, many from Rwanda and Nigeria, to [[Darfur]]. While a donor's conference in Addis Ababa in 2005 helped raise funds to sustain the peacekeepers through that year and into 2006, in July 2006 the AU said it would pull out at the end of September when its mandate expires.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=28 June 2006|title=AU Darfur mission 'to end soon'|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826204932/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|archive-date=26 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Critics of the AU peacekeepers, including [[Eric Reeves]], have said these forces are largely ineffective due to lack of funds, personnel, and expertise. Monitoring a large area has made it even more difficult to sustain an effective mission. In June 2006, the [[United States Congress]] appropriated US$173&amp;nbsp;million for the AU force. Some, such as the [[Genocide Intervention Network]], have called for UN or [[NATO]] intervention to augment and/or replace the AU peacekeepers. The UN has considered deploying a force, though it would not likely enter the country until at least October 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Security Council Authorises Deployment of United Nations-African Union 'Hybrid' Peace Operation in Bid To Resolve Darfur Conflict|url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc9089.doc.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815184454/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/sc9089.doc.htm|archive-date=15 August 2007|access-date=26 November 2012|publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; The under-funded and badly equipped AU mission was set to expire on 31 December 2006 but was extended to 30 June 2007 and merged with the [[United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur]] in October 2007. In July 2009 the African Union ceased cooperation with the [[International Criminal Court]], refusing to recognise the international arrest warrant it had issued against Sudan's leader, [[Omar al-Bashir]], who was indicted in 2008 for [[War crime|war crimes]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=5 July 2009|title=African move on Bashir dismissed|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225224733/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The AU struggled to have a strategic role in the independence talks and the reconciliation process of [[South Sudan]], due to overwhelming interests of African and non-African powers, its influence is still limited and not consistent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Sulaiman|first=Abubkar o.|author2=Agoha, Ifeanyi Chuckwu|date=1 October 2013|title=South Sudan Negotiated Independence: A Critique of African Union's Role|journal=European Journal of Sustainable Development|volume=2|issue=3|pages=145–154|bibcode=2013EJSD....2..145S|doi=10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n3p145|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Clear}}

== Economy ==
{{main|Economy of the African Union}}

[[African Continental Free Trade Area|African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)]] nyɛla bɛ ni daa piligi shɛli ni tiŋgbana pihinu ni anahi tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu maa puuni ka di daabilim nyɛ din daa piligi Silimiin goli January dahin yini yuuni 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shendruk|first=Amanda|date=2020-12-31|title=The world's largest free trade area starts up on Jan. 1, 2021|url=https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|access-date=2021-01-04|website=Quartz|language=en|archive-date=4 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104075017/https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[African Export–Import Bank]], nyɛla din yɛn tabi sɔŋ ka bɛ piligi [[Pan-African Payment and Settlement System]]..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |title=Profile: African Union |date=1 July 2006 |access-date=10 July 2006 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060712034155/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |archive-date=12 July 2006 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Clear}}
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]]
(km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|title=The World Bank DataBank {{!}} Explore. Create. Share|website=databank.worldbank.org|access-date=4 February 2017|archive-date=7 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107162640/http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[List of countries by population|Population]]
{{UN_Population|Year}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |title=2015 Human Development Report |last=Office |first=Human Development Report |website=report.hdr.undp.org |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211223435/http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016 |title=The Fragile States Index 2016 {{!}} The Fund for Peace|website=fsi.fundforpeace.org|access-date=12 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204213240/http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016|archive-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2016 |last=e.V. |first=Transparency International |newspaper=transparency.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=30 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170130045244/http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/index/ |title=Index of Economic Freedom: Promoting Economic Opportunity and Prosperity by Country |website=www.heritage.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=29 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629215405/http://www.heritage.org/index/ |url-status=unfit }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016 |title=Vision of Humanity |website=static.visionofhumanity.org |access-date=12 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213091208/http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016|archive-date=13 February 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Press Freedom Index|WPFI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://rsf.org/en/ranking|title=2016 World Press Freedom Index {{!}} Reporters Without Borders|newspaper=RSF|access-date=12 February 2017|archive-date=1 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201195036/https://rsf.org/en/ranking|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |title=Democracy Index 2016 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224070253/http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |archive-date=24 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Country|Algeria}}
|2,381,741
|{{UN_Population|Algeria}}
|548,293,085,686
|13,823
|0.736
|78.3
|34
|50.06
|2.21
|41.69
|3.56
|-
|{{Country|Angola}}
|1,246,700
|{{UN_Population|Angola}}
|173,593,223,667
|6,938
|0.532
|90.5
|18
|48.94
|2.14
|39.89
|3.40
|-
|{{Country|Benin}}
|112,760
|{{UN_Population|Benin}}
|21,016,184,357
|1,932
|0.48
|78.9
|36
|59.31
|2.00
|28.97
|5.67
|-
|{{Country|Botswana}}
|566,730
|{{UN_Population|Botswana}}
|33,657,545,969
|14,876
|0.698
|63.5
|60
|71.07
|1.64
|22.91
|7.87
|-
|{{Country|Burkina Faso}}
|273,600
|{{UN_Population|Burkina Faso}}
|28,840,666,622
|1,593
|0.402
|89.4
|42
|59.09
|2.06
|22.66
|4.70
|-
|{{Country|Burundi}}
|25,680
|{{UN_Population|Burundi}}
|7,634,578,343
|300
|0.4
|100.7
|20
|53.91
|2.50
|54.10
|2.40
|-
|{{Country|Cape Verde}}
|4,030
|{{UN_Population|Cape Verde}}
|3,205,197,585
|6,158
|0.646
|71.5
|59
|66.46
|N/A
|19.82
|7.94
|-
|{{Country|Cameroon}}
|472,710
|{{UN_Population|Cameroon}}
|68,302,439,597
|2,926
|0.512
|97.8
|26
|54.18
|2.36
|40.53
|3.46
|-
|{{Country|Central African Republic}}
|622,980
|{{UN_Population|Central African Republic}}
|2,847,726,468
|581
|0.35
|112.1
|20
|45.23
|3.35
|33.60
|1.61
|-
|{{Country|Chad}}
|1,259,200
|{{UN_Population|Chad}}
|28,686,194,920
|2,044
|0.392
|110.1
|20
|46.33
|2.46
|40.59
|1.50
|-
|{{Country|Comoros}}
|1,861
|{{UN_Population|Comoros}}
|1,098,546,195
|1,393
|0.503
|83.8
|24
|52.35
|N/A
|24.33
|3.71
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Democratic Republic of the}}
|2,267,050
|{{UN_Population|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|56,920,935,460
|300
|0.433
|
|21
|46.38
|3.11
|50.97
|1.93
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Republic of the}}
|341,500
|{{UN_Population|Congo}}
|27,690,345,067
|5,993
|0.591
|92.2
|20
|42.80
|2.25
|35.84
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Djibouti}}
|23,180
|{{UN_Population|Djibouti}}
|2,911,406,226
|3,279
|0.47
|89.7
|30
|55.96
|2.29
|70.90
|2.83
|-
|{{Country|Egypt}}
|1,010,407
|{{UN_Population|Egypt}}
|1,173,000,000,000
|10,250
|0.69
|90.2
|34
|55.96
|2.57
|54.45
|3.31
|-
|{{Country|Equatorial Guinea}}
|28,050
|{{UN_Population|Equatorial Guinea}}
|32,317,928,931
|38,243
|0.587
|85.2
|N/A
|43.67
|1.94
|66.47
|1.70
|-
|{{Country|Eritrea}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |title=Eritrea |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121011902/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|101,000
|{{UN_Population|Eritrea}}
|8,845,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.391
|98.6
|18
|42.7
|2.46
|83.92
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Eswatini}}
|17,204
|{{UN_Population|Eswatini}}
|10,452,834,007
|8,122
|0.531
|87.6
|N/A
|59.65
|2.07
|52.37
|3.03
|-
|{{Country|Ethiopia}}
|1,104,300
|{{UN_Population|Ethiopia}}
|152,057,290,468
|1,530
|0.442
|97.2
|34
|51.52
|2.28
|45.13
|3.60
|-
|{{Country|Gabon}}
|257,670
|{{UN_Population|Gabon}}
|32,539,376,597
|18,860
|0.684
|72
|35
|58.96
|2.03
|32.20
|3.74
|-
|{{Country|Gambia, The}}
|10,120
|{{UN_Population|Gambia}}
|3,140,820,062
|1,578
|0.441
|86.8
|26
|57.14
|2.09
|46.53
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Ghana}}
|227,540
|{{UN_Population|Ghana}}
|108,393,071,924
|3,955
|0.579
|71.2
|43
|63.00
|1.81
|17.95
|6.75
|-
|{{Country|Guinea}}
|245,720
|{{UN_Population|Guinea}}
|14,316,884,358
|1,135
|0.411
|103.8
|27
|53.33
|2.15
|33.08
|3.14
|-
|{{Country|Guinea-Bissau}}
|28,120
|{{UN_Population|Guinea-Bissau}}
|2,521,743,682
|1,367
|0.42
|99.8
|16
|51.81
|2.26
|29.03
|1.98
|-
|{{Country|Ivory Coast}}
|318,000
|{{UN_Population|Ivory Coast}}
|74,916,780,423
|3,300
|0.462
|97.9
|34
|60.01
|2.28
|30.17
|3.81
|-
|{{Country|Kenya}}
|569,140
|{{UN_Population|Kenya}}
|133,592,522,053
|2,901
|0.548
|98.3
|26
|57.51
|2.38
|31.16
|5.33
|-
|{{Country|Lesotho}}
|30,360
|{{UN_Population|Lesotho}}
|5,914,437,068
|2,770
|0.497
|80.9
|39
|50.62
|1.94
|28.78
|6.59
|-
|{{Country|Liberia}}
|96,320
|{{UN_Population|Liberia}}
|3,533,313,381
|500
|0.43
|95.5
|37
|52.19
|2.00
|30.71
|5.31
|-
|{{Country|Libya}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya/ |title=Libya |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109235257/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,759,540
|{{UN_Population|Libya}}
|94,010,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|14,900&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.724
|96.4
|14
|N/A
|3.20
|57.89
|2.25
|-
|{{Country|Madagascar}}
|581,800
|{{UN_Population|Madagascar}}
|33,354,200,458
|1,376
|0.51
|84.2
|26
|61.06
|1.76
|27.04
|5.07
|-
|{{Country|Malawi}}
|94,280
|{{UN_Population|Malawi}}
|19,137,290,349
|1,112
|0.445
|87.6
|31
|51.8
|1.82
|28.12
|5.55
|-
|{{Country|Mali}}
|1,220,190
|{{UN_Population|Mali}}
|33,524,899,739
|1,905
|0.419
|95.2
|32
|56.54
|2.49
|39.83
|5.70
|-
|{{Country|Mauritania}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |title=Mauritania |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=7 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107034713/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,030,700
|{{UN_Population|Mauritania}}
|16,190,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|4,400&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.506
|95.4
|27
|54.8
|2.30
|24.03
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Mauritius}}
|2,030
|{{UN_Population|Mauritius}}
|23,817,914,134
|18,864
|0.777
|43.2
|54
|74.73
|1.56
|27.69
|8.28
|-
|{{Country|Morocco}}
|446,300
|{{UN_Population|Morocco}}
|257,398,957,178
|7,365
|0.628
|74.2
|37
|61.27
|2.09
|42.64
|4.77
|-
|{{Country|Mozambique}}
|786,380
|{{UN_Population|Mozambique}}
|31,326,751,237
|1,120
|0.416
|87.8
|27
|53.19
|1.96
|30.25
|4.02
|-
|{{Country|Namibia}}
|823,290
|{{UN_Population|Namibia}}
|24,043,436,006
|9,778
|0.628
|71.1
|52
|61.85
|1.87
|15.15
|6.31
|-
|{{Country|Niger}}
|1,266,700
|{{UN_Population|Niger}}
|17,857,377,171
|897
|0.348
|98.4
|35
|54.26
|2.24
|24.62
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Nigeria}}
|910,770
|{{UN_Population|Nigeria}}
|1,168,000,000,000
|5,639
|0.514
|103.5
|28
|57.46
|2.88
|35.90
|4.50
|-
|{{Country|Rwanda}}
|24,670
|{{UN_Population|Rwanda}}
|19,216,033,048
|1,655
|0.483
|91.3
|54
|63.07
|2.32
|54.61
|3.07
|-
|{{Country|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|960
|{{UN_Population|Sao Tome and Principe}}
|575,391,345
|3,023
|0.555
|72.9
|46
|56.71
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Senegal}}
|192,530
|{{UN_Population|Senegal}}
|34,398,281,018
|2,274
|0.466
|83.6
|45
|58.09
|1.98
|27.99
|6.21
|-
|{{Country|Seychelles}}
|460
|{{UN_Population|Seychelles}}
|2,384,515,771
|25,525
|0.772
|60.2
|N/A
|62.2
|N/A
|30.60
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sierra Leone}}
|72,180
|{{UN_Population|Sierra Leone}}
|9,511,431,824
|1,474
|0.413
|91
|30
|52.31
|1.81
|29.94
|4.55
|-
|{{Country|Somalia}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/ |title=Somalia |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=1 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701190026/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|627,340
|{{UN_Population|Somalia}}
|5,900,000,000&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|114
|10
|N/A
|3.41
|65.35
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|South Africa}}
|1,213,090
|{{UN_Population|South Africa}}
|742,461,000,000
|12,393
|0.666
|69.9
|45
|61.9
|2.32
|21.92
|7.41
|-
|{{Country|South Sudan}}
|619,745
|{{UN_Population|South Sudan}}
|21,484,823,398
|1,741
|0.467
|113.8
|11
|N/A
|3.59
|44.87
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sudan}}
|1,886,086
|{{UN_Population|Sudan}}
|165,813,461,495
|4,121
|0.479
|111.5
|14
|N/A
|3.27
|72.53
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Tanzania}}
|885,800
|{{UN_Population|United Republic of Tanzania}}
|130,297,806,032
|2,510
|0.521
|81.8
|32
|58.46
|1.90
|28.65
|5.76
|-
|{{Country|Togo}}
|54,390
|{{UN_Population|Togo}}
|10,018,697,437
|1,372
|0.484
|85.8
|32
|53.64
|1.95
|30.31
|3.32
|-
|{{Country|Tunisia}}
|155,360
|{{UN_Population|Tunisia}}
|121,200,025,401
|10,770
|0.721
|74.6
|41
|57.55
|1.95
|31.60
|6.40
|-
|{{Country|Uganda}}
|200,520
|{{UN_Population|Uganda}}
|67,856,334,117
|1,738
|0.483
|97.7
|25
|59.26
|2.15
|32.58
|5.26
|-
|{{Country|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 June 2007 |title=Western Sahara |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|266,000
|{{UN_Population|Western Sahara}}
|906,500,000&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2,500&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Zambia}}
|743,390
|{{UN_Population|Zambia}}
|58,400,082,027
|3,602
|0.586
|86.3
|38
|58.79
|1.78
|35.08
|5.99
|-
|{{Country|Zimbabwe}}
|386,850
|{{UN_Population|Zimbabwe}}
|26,180,942,292
|500
|0.509
|100.5
|22
|38.23
|2.32
|40.41
|3.05
|-
|'''{{noflag|African Union}}'''
|30,370,000
|{{UN_Population|Africa}}
|5,457,724,064,668
|4,602
|0.524&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|88.99&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|31.51&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|55.55&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2.27
|37.89
|4.30
|-
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]] (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015
![[List of countries by population|Population]] {{UN_Population|Year}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016
![[Reporters Without Borders|WPFI]]
2016
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016
|}

== Lihimi m-pahi ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Africa Adaptation Initiative]]
* [[African Century]]
* [[African Peer Review Mechanism]]
* [[African Renaissance]]
* [[African Standby Force]]
* [[African Unification Front]]
* [[Africanisation]]
* [[Central Asian Union]]
* [[East African Federation]]
* [[Ezulwini agreement]]
* [[Friends of the African Union]]
* [[Indigenous peoples of Africa]]
* [[List of country groupings]]
* [[List of multilateral free-trade agreements]]
* [[Climate adaptation|Prevention of environmental migration]]
* [[Pan-Africanism]]
* [[Pan-African Women's Organization]]
{{div col end}}

== Noosi ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==Kundivihira==
=== Sources ===
{{Reflist}}

=== General and cited references ===
{{Library resources box}}
* [https://web.archive.org</text>
      <sha1>fquv72rsxxbna8riuo2d5843ivl112g</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>115039</id>
      <parentid>115038</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-09T13:59:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdul Rahman Abdul Kudus</username>
        <id>5829</id>
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      <minor />
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      <text bytes="97840" sha1="bamt0eyt08ta4rw0zxz1axod41ahhev" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Continental union of African states}}
{{For|the predecessor organisation|Organisation of African Unity}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox geopolitical organisation
| conventional_long_name = African Union
| native_name            = {{Name in various languages
 | name = {{nobold|''(in other official languages)''}}
 | ar = الاتحاد الأفريقي
 | fr = Union africaine
 | pt = União Africana
 | es = Unión Africana
 | sw = Umoja wa Afrika
 }}
| linking_name           = the African Union
| image_flag             = Flag of the African Union.svg
| alt_flag               = Flag of the African Union
| alt_symbol             = 
| symbol_width           = 85px
| motto                  = &quot;A United and Strong Africa&quot;
| anthem                 = &quot;[[Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html |title=African Union anthem, etc |publisher=Africamasterweb.com |access-date=26 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915041714/http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html | archive-date=15 September 2015 | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{center|}}{{Align|center| |style=margin-top:0em}}
| image_map              = Map of the African Union with Suspended States.svg
| alt_map                = An [[Orthographic projection (cartography)|orthographic projection]] of [[Earth|the world]], highlighting the African Union and its member states (green).
| map_width              = 220px
| map_caption            = {{legend2|#2A5C2B|Member states}}&lt;br /&gt;{{legend2|#00D500|Suspended states}}
| org_type               = [[Continental union]]
| membership_type        = Membership
| membership             = {{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
 |title = [[Member states of the African Union|55 member states]]
|{{flag|Algeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Angola|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Benin|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Botswana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Burkina Faso|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp|Suspended}}
|{{flag|Burundi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cameroon|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cape Verde|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Central African Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Chad|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Comoros|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Djibouti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Egypt|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eritrea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eswatini|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ethiopia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Gabon|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Gambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ghana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Guinea|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ivory Coast|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kenya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Lesotho|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Liberia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Libya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Madagascar|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Malawi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mali|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Mauritania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mauritius|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Morocco|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mozambique|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Namibia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Niger|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Nigeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Rwanda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sahrawi Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Senegal|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Seychelles|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sierra Leone|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Somalia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Africa|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Sudan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sudan|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Tanzania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Togo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Tunisia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Uganda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zimbabwe|size=23px}}
}}
{{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
|title = 9 observer states
|{{flag|Haiti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kazakhstan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Latvia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mexico|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Palestine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Serbia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Turkey|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ukraine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates|size=23px}}
}}
| admin_center_type      = Political centres
| admin_center           = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Addis Ababa]]&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;}} |{{nowrap|[[Johannesburg]]&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;}}}}
| largest_settlement_type = urban agglomerations
| largest_city           = 
| largest_settlement     = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Cairo]]}} |{{nowrap|[[Lagos]]}}}}
| languages_type         = Official languages
| languages              = {{hlist | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] | [[English language|English]] | [[French language|French]] | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]]  | [[Swahili language|Swahili]] | and any other [[Languages of Africa|African language]]&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;}}
| demonym                = African
| leader_title1          = [[Chairperson of the African Union|Chairperson]]
| leader_name1           = [[João Lourenço]]
| leader_title2          = [[Chairperson of the African Union Commission|Commission Chairperson]]
| leader_name2           = [[Mahamoud Ali Youssouf]]
| leader_title3          = [[Pan-African Parliament#Presidents of the Pan-African Parliament|Parliamentary President]]
| leader_name3           = [[Fortune Z. Charumbira]]
| legislature            = [[Pan-African Parliament]]
| established_event1     = [[Organisation of African Unity|OAU Charter]]
| established_date1      = 25 May 1963
| established_event2     = [[Abuja Treaty]]
| established_date2      = 3 June 1991
| established_event3     = [[Sirte Declaration]]
| established_date3      = 9 September 1999
| established_event4     = African Union founded
| established_date4      = {{start date and age|2002|07|09}}
| established_event5     = [[History of South Sudan|Admission of]] [[South Sudan]]
| established_date5      = 9 July 2011
| established_event6     = [[Member states of the African Union|Admission of]] [[Morocco]]
| established_date6      = 31 January 2017
| established_event7     = [[African Continental Free Trade Area]] (AfCFTA)
| established_date7      = 1 January 2021
| area_km2               = 29,922,059&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2016&quot;&gt;Corresponds to the terrestrial surface. Including the [[Exclusive Economic Zones]] of each member state, the total area is 43 434 569&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 1,494,988,668{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $8.990 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO/WEOWORLD/IDN/AFQ.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668%2C672%2C612%2C614%2C674%2C676%2C678%2C682%2C684%2C638%2C686%2C688%2C616%2C728%2C748%2C618%2C624%2C692%2C694%2C622%2C626%2C628%2C632%2C636%2C634%2C662%2C611%2C714%2C716%2C469%2C722%2C642%2C643%2C718%2C724%2C734%2C644%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C652%2C732%2C656%2C654%2C738%2C742%2C744%2C746%2C664%2C754%2C666%2C698&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |access-date=8 February 2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714135232/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668,672,612,614,674,676,678,682,684,638,686,688,616,728,748,618,624,692,694,622,626,628,632,636,634,662,611,714,716,469,722,642,643,718,724,734,644,726,646,199,648,733,652,732,656,654,738,742,744,746,664,754,666,698&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,LP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion|Excluding Western Sahara due to lack of data}}
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2024
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $6,330&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal            = {{decrease}} $2.81 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion}}
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2024
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{decrease}} $1,960&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.577
| HDI_year               = 2020
| cctld                  = [[.africa]]
| footnotes              = {{unbulleted list |&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[African Union Commission]]. |&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[Pan-African Parliament]].}}
| official_website       = {{URL|https://au.int}}
| area_rank              = 
| today                  = 
}}

'''African Union''' ('''AU''') nyɛla tiŋgbani bɔbugu laɣingu zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu&lt;ref name=&quot;UIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100033436 |url-access= |title=African Union (AU) |author1=Staff writer |year=2025 |department=UIA Global Civil Society Database |website=uia.org |publisher=[[Union of International Associations]] |agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online |location=Brussels, Belgium |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date=8 January 2025 |via= |quote= |trans-quote= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Member States AU-UN |url=https://www.africanunion-un.org/memberstates |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka nyɛ din be [[Africa]]. AU nyɛla bɛ ni daa niŋ shɛli laɣngu Sirte Declaration din be Sirte, Libya Silimiin goli September yuuni 1999, ka bɛ niya daa nyɛ bɛ kpa African Union. Bɛ daa piligi li Silimiin goli July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002  Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_&amp;_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union,%209%20July%202002.htm |title=Launch of the African Union, 9 July 2002: Address by the chairperson of the AU, President Thabo Mbeki |first=Thabo |last=Mbeki |date=9 July 2002 |publisher=africa-union.org |location=ABSA Stadium, Durban, South Africa |access-date=8 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503210549/http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_%26_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union%2C%209%20July%202002.htm |archive-date=3 May 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ daa mali lala niya ni AU nyɛla di ni tooi zani Organisation of African Unity (OAU) zani, di nyɛla bɛ ni daa kpa shɛli Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1963 ka di ni daa piligi shɛli nyɛ Addis Ababa, gomnantinima pihita ni ayi nyɛ ban daa dihi bɛ nuhi gbana zuɣu zaŋ n-ti li; OAU ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa kari shɛli Silimiin goli  July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002 Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;/&gt; 

African Union ŋɔ nyɛla din mali salo ban kalinli gari 1.3 &quot;billion&quot; ka di tiŋgbani galisim paai kamani  {{convert|30|e6km2|e6sqmi|sigfig=2|abbr=unit}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Manboah-Rockson |first1=Joseph |title=Politics &amp; the Struggle for Democracy in Ghana: An Introduction to Political Science |date=23 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Balli shɛŋa din be di ni nyɛ  Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, n-ti pahi Swahili.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://au.int/en/about/languages |title=AU Languages |access-date=2 May 2021 |publisher=African Union |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407001442/https://au.int/en/about/languages |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

G20 (Group of 20) laɣingu din daa niŋ New Delhi, [[India]] yuuni 2023, African Union nyɛla ban daa kpɛ G20.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=September 9, 2023 |title=African Union made permanent member of G20 at Delhi summit |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/09/african-union-made-permanent-member-of-g20-at-delhi-summit |access-date=December 12, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Overview ==
African Union niyanima n-nyɛ:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Constitutive Act|url=https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415235637/https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|archive-date=15 April 2020|access-date=2 May 2021|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;

# Di ʒi nangbanyini din mali yaa na, taba laɣimbu ni Africa tinsi mini [[Africa|African]] tingbana taba puu biɛri taba zuɣu.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi maŋsulinsi, tiŋgbana taba shebu ni tiŋgbani din kam be din ni maŋsulinsi.
# Ni di kpaŋsi siyaasa mini biɛhigu-daabiligu laɣimbu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋgbana taba sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 November 2024|title=Evolution of Geopolitical Dynamics in Africa|url=https://www.guambia.com.uy/67/evolution-of-geopolitical-dynamics-in-africa/2312/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=Guambia}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The New Power Play in Africa: Russia, China, and the Shifting Sands of Influence|url=https://kcsgroup.com/the-new-power-play-in-africa-russia-china-and-the-shifting-sands-of-influence/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=KCS Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ni di kpaŋsi ka gu ka taɣi [[Africa|African]] zaashee zaŋ chaŋ bɛ suhuyurilim polo di tiŋgbani yaɣa mini di niriba sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi daabiligu tiŋgban sunsuuni, ka mali Charter of the United Nations mini Universal Declaration of Human Rights tumdi tuma.
# Ni di kpaŋsi suhudoo, niriba gubu, ni tiŋgbani yaɣa zanibu chibi.
# Ni di kmpaŋsi maŋsulinsi zalisi, ni gɔmnanti tali din niŋ dede.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi ninsalinima mini niriba fukumsi din be African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights ni mini &quot;human rights instruments&quot; yaɣa din niŋ talahi.
# Ni di zali zalisi din kpa talahi ka che ka tiŋgbani yaɣa maa tumdi di tuma dunia daabiligu ni ni shaawara gbaabu tiŋgbana sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim din nyɛ soha-biɛɣuni dini zaŋti daabiligu,biɛhigu ni kaya ni taɣada biɛhigu ni Africa daabiligu yaɣa zaŋ laɣim taba.
# Ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ninsalisili yaɣa kam n duhi biɛri suŋ Africanima sunsuuni.
# To coordinate and harmonise the policies between the existing and future Regional Economic Communities for the gradual attainment of the objectives of the Union.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim tiŋgbana yaɣa maa ni din dalim vihigu niŋbu, di bahi bahindi tabiibi mini tabiibi zaŋ tum tuma.
# Ni di mini tiŋgbana laɣim tum n-kpihim dɔriti din mali taɣibu mini alaafee kpaŋsibu tiŋgbana ni.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm Africa-union.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604051527/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm|date=4 June 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
{{Main|History of the African Union|History of Africa}}

African Union taarihi pilila &quot;'''First Congress of Independent African States&quot;''', din daa niŋ [[Accra]], [[Ghana]] bini din gbaai Anashaara goli April biɛɣu pinaanu zaŋ chaŋ biɛɣu pishinaayi yuuni 1958. Laɣingu maa niya daa nyɛla di kpa Africa Day, n-ti tabili Organisation of African Unity (OAU), din daa kpa Anashaara goli May biɛɣu pishinaanu yuuni 1963, ni [[African Economic Community]] yuuni 1991.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210205406/http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may|date=10 December 2018}} South African History Online (SAHO), 15 May 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ansarisi maaniba daa ŋme nangbankpeeni ni OAU ka nuu timbu shɛli ninsalilnima fukumsi ni .&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2115736&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Reynolds|first=Paul|date=8 July 2002|title=African Union replaces dictators' club|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601025542/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|archive-date=1 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tɛha din tahi AU kpabu na nyɛla din daa labi niŋ nyɛvuli 1990s sunsuuni Libyan tiŋgbani zuɣulana Muammar al-Gaddafi saha;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Adebajo|first=Adekeye|date=2011-08-26|title=Gaddafi: the man who would be king of Africa|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011605/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Guardian|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbana zuɣulana mini kpɛma zaŋti OAU daa yina ni Sirte Declaration (bɛ ni daa zaŋ Sirte, Libya yuli boli shɛli) Anashaara goli September dabaa awɔi yuuni 1999, ka daa ŋmeri kuŋ bɔri African Union nambu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-12-05|title=The African Union After Gaddafi|url=http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410172928/http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|archive-date=10 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 10, 2001|title=African leaders elect OAU boss|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414032647/https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-08-27|title=New Partnership for Africa's Development – NEPAD {{!}} Poverty Eradication|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419153619/https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html|archive-date=19 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=www.un.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

African Union suuna daa niŋla Durban Anashaara goli July dabaa awɔi yuuni 2002 ni di tuuli ʒia kuɣulana, South Africa tiŋgbani zuɣulana kuro [[Thabo Mbeki]], Assembly of the African Union tuuli yaɣili ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-11-18|title=The African Union is launched|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416010303/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|archive-date=16 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=Africa Renewal|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Assembly yaɣili din pahiri ayi daa niŋla Maputo yuuni 2003 ka din pahiri ata daa niŋ Addis Ababa Anashaara goli July dabaa ayɔbu yuuni 2004.

Tum yuuni 2010, African Union daa mali niya ni di kpa &quot;African space agency&quot; laɣim taba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=5 September 2010|title=Africa prepares to join the big boys in the space race|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116213335/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|archive-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=6 September 2012|title=Sudanese president calls for African space agency|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102203403/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|archive-date=2 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=11 September 2012|title=Africa eyes joint space agency|url=http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021070210/http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|archive-date=21 October 2013|access-date=21 October 2013|publisher=Phys.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Ezigbo|first1=Onyebuchi|last2=Okpara|first2=Lois|date=9 August 2010|title=AU to Establish African Space Agency|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212084442/http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|archive-date=12 February 2014|access-date=11 December 2015|publisher=All Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Barack Obama n daa nyɛ tuuli United States tiŋgbani zuɣulana ŋun ʒi gbana ni ka di alizama African Union ni Addis Ababa Anashaara goli July biɛɣu pihita yini ka dali yuuni 2015. O daa alizama dibu ni, o daa kpaŋsiya ni dunisnims laɣindi niŋdi daabiligu ka tabiri sɔŋdi shikuru baŋsim tooni chandi ni, ni lɛbiginsim mini dahi yɛligibu. Amaa, o daa lahi galim suhuyurilim ni ka tiŋgbani shɛŋa ni mini gɔmnantinima ban zaɣisi sheebu ni, ban bi galisi gaŋbu (n-ti tabili ninuɣ'shɛba ban be LGBT ni, adiininima mini laɣinsi zuliyanima ni) ni kɔriŋ fahili.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Carol E.|date=28 July 2015|title=Obama Becomes First U.S. President to Address African Union|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|url-status=live|access-date=29 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729094216/http://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|archive-date=29 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 July 2015|title=Remarks by President Obama to the People of Africa|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120220442/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|archive-date=20 January 2017|access-date=29 July 2015|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|via=[[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Treaties ===
{{AU evolution timeline}}

== Siyaasa ==

:
; Financial institutions

* African Central Bank – [[Abuja]], Nigeria
* African Investment Bank – Tripoli, Libya
* African Monetary Fund – Yaoundé, Cameroon

Lala tuma duri ŋɔ na bi kpa; amaa, komitiinima ban be di kpabu ni nyɛla bɛ ni piigi shɛba. Lal n-nyɛli,  AU malila niya ni di diri laɣ'yini (Afro).

; Alaafee
: Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), daa kpala yuuni 2016 ka di suuna niŋ yuuni 2017. Di tuma du'zuɣuri be la Addis Ababa Ethiopia.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int-2017-01-31&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-01-31|title=Africa CDC Official Launch|url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630023917/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-date=30 June 2018|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb.int-2017-02-02&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-02-02|title=The African Union launches Africa CDC, a Continent-wide Public Health Agency|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180037/https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|work=[[Reliefweb]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc.gov-2017-07-27&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-07-27|title=Africa CDC: Improving Disease Detection and Emergency Response on the African Continent|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180936/https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Inspection visit to Africa CDC Headquarters building site|url=https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205114846/https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|archive-date=5 February 2022|access-date=2022-02-05|website=Africa CDC|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; Ninsalinima fukumsi
: African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, nyɛla din beni tum yuuni 1986, di be la African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights fukumsi ni (African Charter) amaa ka ni Constitutive Act of the African Union.
; Polo
: African Space Agency nyɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2023. Di tuma du'zuɣu be la Cairo.
; Yaa
: African Energy Commission daa nYɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2008, ka be Algiers.

=== Tiŋgbana din be din ni ===
{{Main|Member states of the African Union}}

UN member states din be Africa mini African islands zaa bela AU, ka nyɛ yaɣ'shɛli din tabi Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR). [[Morocco]] daa yila Organisation of African Unity ni yuuni 1984 ka di nyɛla SADR sulinsi ni ka di daa be, ka di tiŋgbani yaɣili Western Sahara daa zaŋli kpehi di maŋsulinsi ni.  AU daa lahi labi deei li Anashaara goli January biɛɣu pihita yuuni 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;worldbulletin&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=30 January 2017|title=Morocco rejoins African Union|publisher=Worldbulletin|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|url-status=usurped|access-date=31 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720013737/http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|archive-date=20 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Somaliland, din nyɛ [[Somalia]] ni deei shɛli, daa sabi gbaŋ ti ni di kpe AU yuuni 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nelson&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Nelson, Elizabeth A.|title=Regional Politics and State Secession|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|year=2021|isbn=978-1-83910-377-3|pages=105}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mali nyɛla bɛ nin daa naa yihi shɛba African Union ni saha biɛla sunsuuni Anashaara goli 19 August 2020 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu niŋ naai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=African Union suspends Mali following coup|work=Agence France-Presse, Reuters|publisher=Deutsche Welle|url=https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913003040/https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|archive-date=13 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anashaara goli 9 October lala yuuni ŋɔ yaha, [[Peace and Security Council]] zaŋti African Union daa paai lala yihibu fukumsi ŋɔ Mali zuɣi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union lifts Mali's suspension imposed in the wake of coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009202811/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|archive-date=9 October 2020|access-date=2020-10-09|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Bɛ daa lahi labi zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa tiŋgbani maa zuɣu Anashaara goli June dahin yini dali yuuni 2021, di sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu ni daa lahi niŋ chira awɔi sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2 June 2021|title=African Union announces 'immediate suspension' of Mali after second coup|work=France 24, Reuters, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912141924/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lala fukumsi ŋɔ daa pani Guinea gba zuɣu African Union ni ANashaara goli September biɛɣu pia dali yuuni 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣulana Alpha Condé.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=10 September 2021|title=African Union suspends Guinea after coup, as envoys arrive for talks|work=France 24, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912022912/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sudan gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pani shɛli zuɣu Anashaara goli 27 October 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmananti shee tiŋgbani zuɣulana Abdalla Hamdok.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union suspends Sudan over coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027130242/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|archive-date=27 October 2021|access-date=2021-10-27|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Burkina Faso gba nyɛla lala fukumsi ŋɔ ni daa pani shɛli zuɣu African Union ni bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu Anashaara goli 31 January 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AU suspends Burkina Faso after coup as envoys head for talks|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062926/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|archive-date=23 December 2022|access-date=2022-01-31|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nige gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛba zuɣu Anashaara goli 22 August 2023 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣula Mohamed Bazoum; tum din saha ka 2023 Nigerien crisis pili.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2023-08-22|title=African Union suspends participation of Niger following coup|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|url-status=live|access-date=2023-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906024202/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|archive-date=6 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gabon gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛli zuɣu 31 August 2023 bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmananti sheei Ali Bongo Ondimba nyaaŋa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Newspaper|first=The Peninsula|date=2023-08-31|title=African Union says to 'immediately suspend' Gabon after coup|url=https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902185942/http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|archive-date=2 September 2023|access-date=2023-08-31|website=thepeninsulaqatar.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{TOC limit|3}}


== Members ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{DZA}}
* {{AGO}}
* {{BEN}}
* {{BWA}}
* {{BFA}} (suspended)
* {{BDI}}
* {{CMR}}
* {{CPV}}
* {{CAF}}
* {{TCD}}
* {{COM}}
* {{COD}}
* {{COG}}
* {{DJI}}
* {{EGY}}
* {{GNQ}}
* {{ERI}}
* {{SWZ}}
* {{ETH}}
* {{GAB}}
* {{GMB}}
* {{GHA}}
* {{GIN}} (suspended)
* {{GNB}}
* {{CIV}}
* {{KEN}}
* {{LSO}}
* {{LBR}}
* {{LBY}}
* {{MDG}}
* {{MWI}}
* {{MLI}} (suspended)
* {{MRT}}
* {{MUS}}
* {{MAR}}
* {{MOZ}}
* {{NAM}}
* {{NER}} (suspended)
* {{NGA}}
* {{RWA}}
* {{SADR}}
* {{STP}}
* {{SEN}}
* {{SYC}}
* {{SLE}}
* {{SOM}}
* {{ZAF}}
* {{SSD}}
* {{SDN}} (suspended)
* {{TZA}}
* {{TGO}}
* {{TUN}}
* {{UGA}}
* {{ZMB}}
* {{ZWE}}
{{div col end}}

==== Observers ====
* {{HAI}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Haiti Will Not Join the African Union |url=https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |website=Haiti Hub |access-date=22 June 2023 |date=22 May 2016 |archive-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622142803/https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ISR}} (suspended as of February 2023)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|title=African Union says Israel's observer status suspended|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908195006/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |author=((i24NEWS)) |date=2022-02-06 |title=Israel dispute erupts at African Union summit |language=en |work=Ynetnews |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |access-date=2022-02-06 |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151241/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{KAZ}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstan's Observer status at the African Union: What Does It Mean for Africa? |url=https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=www.igd.org.za |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327081029/https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{LAT}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-01-11|url=http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|title=Latvia becomes observer to African Union|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia]]|website=www.mfa.gov.lv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918030201/http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|archive-date=18 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{MEX}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-06-18 |title=Chairperson Receives the Credentials of the First Permanent Observer of Mexico to the African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |website=au.int |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901115222/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|Palestine}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-05-27 |title=AU grants Palestine observer status |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |publisher=[[Egypt Independent]] |first=Fathya |last=el-Dakhakhni |website=egyptindependent.com |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=29 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229042151/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{SRB}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 January 2014|language=sr-latn|title=Mrkić na samitu u Adis Abebi|url=https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|website=b92.net|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=16 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071458/https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{TUR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-11 |title=What's driving Turkey's commercial &amp; military relations with Africa? |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en-US |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151227/https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{UKR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-06-22 |title=Ukraine has obtained the observer status in the African Union |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] |website=mfa.gov.ua |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071456/https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ARE}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chairperson Receives Credentials of the Permanent Observer of the United Arab Emirates. {{!}} African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=au.int |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151252/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== African Union tuma ====
{{Supranational African Bodies|align=right|size=500px}}Yuuni 1980 Lagos Plan of Action for the Development of Africa mini yuuni 1991 varisigu ni African Economic Community kpabu (bɛ ni lahi booni shɛli Abuja Treaty), daa yina ni tɛha din nyɛ [[Regional Economic Communities]] (RECs) kpabu ni niŋ binshɛli din yɛn laɣim Africa taba.&lt;ref&gt;See note on [https://web.archive.org/web/20040906140832/http://www.dfa.gov.za/docs/2003/au0815.htm The Role of the Regional Economic Communities (RECs) as the Building Blocks of the African Union] prepared by the South African Department of Foreign Affairs.&lt;/ref&gt;

Saha ŋɔ, RECs dibaa anii m-be AU. Din nima n-nyɛ:

* [[Arab Maghreb Union]] (AMU)
* [[Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa]] (COMESA)
* [[Community of Sahel-Saharan States]] (CEN-SAD)
* [[East African Community]] (EAC)
* [[Economic Community of Central African States]] (ECCAS)
* [[Economic Community of West African States]] (ECOWAS)
* [[Intergovernmental Authority on Development]] (IGAD)
* [[Southern Africa Development Community]] (SADC)&lt;ref&gt;Decision on the Protocol on Relations between the African Union and the Regional Economic Communities (RECs), Assembly/AU/Dec.166 (IX).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=President of Mauritania Elected as New Chairperson of AU|url=https://www.ena.et/web/eng/w/eng_4033947}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of chairpersons ==
{{main|Chairperson of the African Union}}
[[File:Jakaya Kikwete and Muammar al-Gaddafi, 12th AU Summit, 090202-N-0506A-678.jpg|thumb|left|[[Muammar Gaddafi]] embracing Tanzanian President [[Jakaya Kikwete|Kikwete]] after assuming the chairmanship]]
{{Clear|left}}

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-valign=top
|+Chairpersons of the African Union
|-
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Name
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Beginning of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|End of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Country
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Thabo Mbeki]]
|9 July 2002
|10 July 2003
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Joaquim Chissano]]
|10 July 2003
|6 July 2004
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Olusegun Obasanjo]]
|6 July 2004
|24 January 2006
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]]
|24 January 2006
|24 January 2007
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[John Kufuor]]
|30 January 2007
|31 January 2008
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Jakaya Kikwete]]
|31 January 2008
|2 February 2009
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Muammar al-Gaddafi]]
|2 February 2009
|31 January 2010
|{{flagdeco|Libya|1977}} [[Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|Libya]]
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Bingu wa Mutharika]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE60U05O20100131l Gaddafi fails in bid to remain African Union chair], Reuters, 31 January 2010 {{Dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20111230205627/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g8cvj3048f4WEB6UQuim80MKqhVA Malawi president takes over as AU president], AFP, 31 January 2010&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2010
|31 January 2011
|{{flag|Malawi|2010}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography According to the AU] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006153642/http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography |date=6 October 2011 }}, his official style is ''Son Excellence Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Président de la République, Chef de l'État et Président Fondateur du Parti Démocratique de Guinée Equatoriale'' {{in lang|fr}}. Retrieved 4 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2011
|29 January 2012
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Yayi Boni]]
|29 January 2012
|27 January 2013
|{{flag|Benin}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Hailemariam Desalegn]]
|27 January 2013
|30 January 2014
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz]]
|30 January 2014
|30 January 2015
|{{flag|Mauritania|1959}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Robert Mugabe]]
|30 January 2015
|30 January 2016
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Idriss Déby]]
|30 January 2016
|30 January 2017
|{{flag|Chad}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Alpha Condé]]
|30 January 2017
|28 January 2018
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Paul Kagame]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |title=President Paul Kagame, Elected as New Chairperson of the African Union for the year 2018 - African Union |website=au.int |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205134722/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|28 January 2018
|10 February 2019
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]]
|10 February 2019
|10 February 2020
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |title=South Africa takes over as AU chair: What to expect |website=aljazeera.com |access-date=12 February 2020 |archive-date=12 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212104846/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|10 February 2020
|10 February 2021
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Félix Tshisekedi]]
|10 February 2021
|5 February 2022
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Macky Sall]]
|5 February 2022
|18 February 2023
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Azali Assoumani]]
|18 February 2023
|17 February 2024
|{{flag|Comoros}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Ghazouani]]
|17 February 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|}

=== African Union summits ===
[[File:Niger, Niamey, Boulevard Mali Béro (2)(Rue IB-56).jpg|thumb|300px|left|Billboard in Niamey (Niger) announcing the 33rd AU Summit (2019)]]
{{Clear}}
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
|-
!width=155px| Session
! Host country
! Host city
! Date
! Theme
! Notes
|-
| 37th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|17 February 2024|format=d}}–{{dts|18 February 2024}}|| &quot;Educate and Skill Africa for the 21st Century&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://au.int/en/summit/37 | title=African Union &amp;#124; an Integrated, Prosperous and Peaceful Africa }}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 36th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|18 February 2023|format=d}}–{{dts|19 February 2023}}|| || 
|-
| 35th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 February 2022|format=d}}–{{dts|6 February 2022}}|| ||
|-
| 34th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|6 February 2021|format=d}}–{{dts|7 February 2021}}|| ||
|-
| 33rd&lt;ref name=development&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|title=The 33rd AU Summit kicks off with the 39th Session of the Permanent Representatives Committee &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121172202/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|9 February 2020|format=d}}–{{dts|10 February 2020}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|title=33rd AU Summit : Online accreditation for Journalists now open &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203234748/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;||&quot;Silencing the guns: creating conducive conditions for Africa's development&quot;&lt;ref name=development /&gt;||Agreement for [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]] to become operational in July 2020.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore /&gt; Agreements to reduce gender gap and inequality and to &quot;silence guns&quot; on the continent.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|title=South African President Cyril Ramaphosa elected African Union Chairperson as continent vows to 'silence the guns', boost trade and close gender gap|work=Today News Africa|access-date=2 May 2021|date=9 February 2020|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216015953/https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 12th Extraordinary Summit on [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]]&lt;ref name=extra12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705085754/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Niger}}||[[Niamey]]|| {{dts|4 July 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2019}} || &quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot; || Launch of the [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]]
|- 
| 32nd&lt;ref name=&quot;summit32&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=32nd AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/32 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806201405/https://au.int/en/summit/32 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|10 February 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|11 February 2019}}||&quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot;||
|-
| 11th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra11&gt;{{cite web |title=11th Extraordinary Summit Summary of Key Decisions |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |website=African Union |access-date=22 January 2020 |date=18 November 2018 |archive-date=22 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122180323/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 November 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|18 November 2018}}|| || Agreement reached on reorganisation AU Commission&lt;ref name=extra11 /&gt;
|-
| 31st&lt;ref name=&quot;summit31&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=31st AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/31 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708203337/https://au.int/en/summit/31 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mauritania}}||[[Nouakchott]]|| {{dts|25 June 2018|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra10&gt;{{cite web |title=10th Extraordinary Session of the Assembly on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708005309/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]]|| {{dts|17 March 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|21 March 2018}}|| &quot;Creating One African Market&quot; || Agreement reached on the AfCFTA
|-
| 30th&lt;ref name=summit30&gt;{{cite web |title=30th AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/30 |access-date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=22 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322020614/https://au.int/en/summit/30 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|29 January 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 29th&lt;ref name=summit29&gt;{{cite web |title=29th AU summit |date=5 July 2017 |url=https://au.int/en/summit/29 |access-date=15 November 2017 |archive-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116034051/https://au.int/en/summit/29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 June 2017|format=dm}} – {{dts|4 July 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; ||
|-
| 28th&lt;ref name=summit28&gt;{{cite web |title=28th AU summit |date=30 January 2017 |url=https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |access-date=31 January 2017 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202063411/https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2017|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; || Morocco rejoins the AU after 33 years
|-
| 27th&lt;ref name=summit27&gt;{{cite web |title=27th AU summit |date=July 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=7 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007033940/http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]] || {{dts|10 July 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|18 July 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot; || Launch of [[African Union Passport]]
|-
| 26th&lt;ref name=summit26&gt;{{cite web |title=26th AU summit |date=January 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/26 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=29 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929114302/http://au.int/en/summit/26 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot;||
|-
| [[Third India-Africa Forum Summit]] || {{flag|India}} || [[New Delhi]] || {{dts|26 October 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|29 October 2015}} || &quot;Reinvigorated Partnership—Shared Vision&quot; ||
|-
| 25th&lt;ref name=summit25&gt;{{cite web |title=25th AU summit |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002150945/http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=25th African Union Summit in Johannesburg – African Union Commission media information |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215016/http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Johannesburg]] || {{dts|7 June 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|15 June 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; || Featured Angelina Jolie&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=A Call for Global Support in Ending Women's Violence Done by Angelina Jolie |publisher=Newwatch NGR |url=http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |website=newswatchngr.com |date=February 2016 |access-date=23 February 2016 |archive-date=23 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223171129/http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 24th&lt;ref name=summit24&gt;{{cite web |title=24th AU summit |date=January 2015 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624103215/http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-date=24 June 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–Turkey Summit|| {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|19 November 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|21 November 2014}}|| &quot;A New Model of Partnership to Enhance a Sustainable Development and Integration of Africa&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Second Turkey-Africa Partnership Summit |date=November 2014 |url=http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225225133/http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Africa Turkey 2014 |date=November 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095901/http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 23rd&lt;ref name=summit23&gt;{{cite web |title=23rd AU summit |date=June 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709071223/http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-date=9 July 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|20 June 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|27 June 2014}}|| &quot;Year of Agriculture and food security&quot; ||
|-
| 22nd&lt;ref name=summit22&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd AU summit |date=January 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214161520/http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-date=14 February 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd Ordinary Session of the Summit of the African Union |date=January 2014 |url=http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214002039/http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-date=14 February 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2014}}|| &quot;Year Agriculture and food security, Marking 10th Anniversary of the Adoption of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP)&quot; ||
|-
| Extraordinary Summit on the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&lt;ref name=summiticc&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Extraordinary Summit on ICC |date=October 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220184942/http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-date=20 December 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]
| {{dts|11 October 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|12 October 2013}}|| &quot;Africa's Relationship with the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&quot; || This was in regards to the ICC's non-adherence to AU calls to drop certain charges against sitting leaders and claims that it was disproportionally targeting Africans.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |title=Kenya pushing for African split from International Criminal Court |newspaper=[[Irish Times]] |access-date=30 January 2014 |archive-date=28 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928170024/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 21st&lt;ref name=summit21&gt;{{cite web |title=21st AU summit |date=May 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701003301/http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-date=1 July 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|19 May 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|27 May 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; || 50th Anniversary of the Establishment of the [[Organisation of African Unity]]
|-
| 20th&lt;ref name=summit20&gt;{{cite web |title=20th AU summit |date=January 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509094507/http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-date=9 May 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 January 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|28 January 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; ||
|-
| Diaspora Summit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Global Africa Diaspora Summit |date=May 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916162142/http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-date=16 September 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Sandton, South Africa|Sandton]] || {{dts|23 May 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2012}}|| &quot;Towards the Realisation of a United and Integrated Africa and Its Diaspora&quot; ||
|-
| 19th&lt;ref name=summit19&gt;{{cite web |title=19th African Union (AU) Summit to be held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |date=June 2012 |url=http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002164755/http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|9 July 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|16 July 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| 18th&lt;ref name=summit18&gt;{{cite web |title=18th AU summit |date=January 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614120243/http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-date=14 June 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| [[17th Ordinary African Union Summit|17th]]&lt;ref name=summit17&gt;{{cite web |title=17th AU summit |date=June 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095847/http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{nowrap|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|23 June 2011|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2011}}|| &quot;Youth Empowerment for Sustainable Development&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–India Summit || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|20 May 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2011}}|| &quot;Enhancing partnership: shared vision&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=2nd Africa-India Forum Summit |date=May 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331174105/http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia |archive-date=31 March 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 16th&lt;ref name=summit16&gt;{{cite web |title=16th African Union summit |date=January 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090533/http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|24 January 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2011}}|| &quot;Towards Greater Unity and Integration through Shared Values&quot; ||
|-
| 15th&lt;ref name=summit15&gt;{{cite web |title=15th African Union summit |date=July 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909081209/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-date=9 September 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Uganda}}||[[Kampala]] || {{dts|19 July 2010|format=d}}–{{dts|27 July 2010}}|| &quot;Maternal, Infant, and Child Health and Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 14th&lt;ref name=summit14&gt;{{cite web |title=14th African Union summit |date=January 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122225/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2010|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2010}}|| &quot;Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Africa: Challenges and Prospects for Development&quot; ||
|-
| 13th&lt;ref name=summit13&gt;{{cite web |title=13th African Union summit |date=July 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040008/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|24 June 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 July 2009}}|| &quot;Investing in Agriculture for Economic Growth and Food Security&quot; ||
|-
| 12th&lt;ref name=summit12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th African Union summit |date=January 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040018/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|26 January 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 February 2009}}|| &quot;Infrastructure Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 11th&lt;ref name=summit11&gt;{{cite web |title=The 11th AU summit |date=July 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122200/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Egypt}}||[[Sharm el-Sheikh]] || {{dts|24 June 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2008}}|| &quot;Meeting the Millennium Development Goals on Water and Sanitation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th&lt;ref name=summit10&gt;{{cite web |title=The 10th African Union summit |date=January 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102035957/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2008}}|| &quot;Industrial Development of Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 9th&lt;ref name=summit9&gt;{{cite web |title=9th African Union summit |date=July 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040001/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ghana}}||[[Accra]] || {{dts|25 June 2007|format=dm}} – {{dts|6 July 2007}}|| &quot;Grand Debate on the Union Government&quot; ||
|-
| 8th&lt;ref name=summit8&gt;{{cite web |title=8th African Union summit |date=January 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806145357/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2007|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2007}}|| 1. &quot;Science, Technology and Scientific Research for Development&quot; &lt;br /&gt;2. &quot;Climate Change in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 7th&lt;ref name=summit7&gt;{{cite web |title=7th African Union summit |date=July 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806144655/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Gambia}}||[[Banjul]] || {{dts|25 June 2006|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2006}}|| &quot;Rationalisation of Recs and Regional Integration&quot; ||
|-
| 6th&lt;ref name=summit6&gt;{{cite web |title=6th African Union summit |date=January 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214191451/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-date=14 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Sudan}}||[[Khartoum]] || {{dts|16 January 2006|format=d}}–{{dts|24 January 2006}}|| &quot;Education and Culture&quot; ||
|-
| 5th&lt;ref name=summit5&gt;{{cite web |title=5th African Union summit |date=June 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224163231/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-date=24 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|28 June 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|29 June 2005}}|| ||
|-
| Extraordinary summit on UN Reform&lt;ref name=summitlist&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Summit |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215221812/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-date=15 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|4 August 2005}} || ||
|-
| 4th&lt;ref name=summit4&gt;{{cite web |title=4th African Union summit |date=January 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315081032/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-date=15 March 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Nigeria}}||[[Abuja]] || {{dts|24 January 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2005}}|| ||
|-
| 3rd&lt;ref name=summit3&gt;{{cite web |title=3rd African Union summit |date=July 2004 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207061226/http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-date=7 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|6 July 2004|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2004}}|| ||
|-
| 2nd&lt;ref name=summit2&gt;{{cite web |title=African Union Summit Maputo Mozambique |date=July 2003 |url=http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708083551/http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mozambique}}||[[Maputo]] || {{dts|2 July 2003|format=d}}–{{dts|12 July 2003}}|| ||
|-
| 1st&lt;ref name=summit1&gt;{{cite web |title=OAU/AU summit |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022142733/http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |archive-date=22 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Durban, South Africa|Durban]] || {{dts|28 June 2002}} – {{dts|10 July 2002}}|| &quot;Peace, Development and Prosperity: The African Century&quot; || Notable events include the launch of the African Union.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=1st AU summit: Documents and Speeches |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001222437/http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html| archive-date=1 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}


==== Africa–Caribbean relations ====
{{See also|Group of 77|Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States}}
[[Caribbean]] tiŋgbana pam nyɛla din kpuɣi niya ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ni [[Africa]] tiŋgbana. African Union lihirila Caribbean ka di nyɛ yaɣili din ni tooi pahi buyɔbu  &quot;Sixth Region&quot; tiŋgbana yaɣa din laɣim taba maa puuni.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/ African Union 6th Region Diaspora Headquarters to be established in Accompong, Jamaica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311035309/https://thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/|date=11 March 2023}}, 24 January 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;Caribbean tiŋgbani shɛŋa nyɛla Africa din yihi di maŋ pahi tuma yaɣa ni, n-ti tabili [[Barbados]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Lorna|title=Barbados inks MOU with African Export-Import Bank|url=https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717182615/https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|archive-date=17 July 2022|access-date=17 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[the Bahamas]] ni [[Guyana]], din zaa pahi [[African Export–Import Bank]] ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 December 2022|title=Barbados Parliament ratifies Partnership Agreement with Afreximbank, as Guyanaand Bahamas join CARICOM signatories|url=https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323124813/https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|archive-date=23 March 2023|access-date=10 September 2023|website=African Export-Import Bank}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaha, [[Caribbean Development Bank]] dihila laɣim tum gbana ni n-ti [[African Development Bank]] (AfDB).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/ AfDB, CDB move to deepen Africa, Caribbean cooperation, sign MoU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625194438/https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/|date=25 June 2022}}, June 18, 2022&lt;/ref&gt; [[Antigua and Barbuda]] gba niŋ zaɣa ni Africa mini Caribbean.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-01-09|title=Antigua Airways is airborne and ready to become the &quot;pride of the Caribbean&quot;|url=https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423231330/https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua News Room|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=jennelsa.johnson|date=2023-04-17|title=Government has not given up on Antigua Airways as company seeks to make comeback|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424072842/https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amaa, din nyɛla din ʒi yɛli muɣisira na tiŋgbana loobu ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-28|title=3 dead, 13 missing in Caribbean sinking; 14 Africans saved|url=https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531093832/https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|archive-date=31 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=AP NEWS|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-29|title=Tragedy at sea: Boat carrying African migrants from Antigua capsizes near St Kitts|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520064903/https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|archive-date=20 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-31|title=Fury as gov't says it bears no responsibility for migrant boat tragedy|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419124847/https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|archive-date=19 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Less than 600 West African migrants remain in Antigua {{!}} Loop Caribbean News|url=https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910051756/https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|archive-date=10 September 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Loop News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-07|title=The migrants stranded on an island they had not heard of|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822235248/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|archive-date=22 August 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=BBC News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-02-11|title=Antigua Government says no automatic citizenship for stranded Africans|url=https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423182748/https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=CNW Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{main|Africa–China relations}}

==== Africa–China relations ====
Yaɣ'yini din daabiligu be tooni [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC). [[Forum on China–Africa Cooperation]] nyɛla daabiligu balibu noiŋbu Africa tiŋgbana ni mini China.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|pages=56|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tum FOCAC zaŋ gɔhi taba ni yuuni 2012, African Union gab nyɛla din tim nuu ni tabi-sɔŋ ni, amaa  Africantingbana din be FOCAC na kuli nyɛla din zani ti di maŋa sahakam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|page=57|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Africa–EU relations ====
Zaŋ jendi European Commission polo, European Union's biɛhigu ni Africa nyɛla din kpa talahi. Tooni ha Africa-EU laɣim tum niya ni European Commission mini European External Action Service nyɛla din kahigi Joint Communication ni &quot;Towards a Comprehensive Strategy with Africa&quot;. Di buɣisila laɣim tum ni:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|date=2020-11-03|title=Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085246/https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=International Partnerships - European Commission|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 52020JC0004 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516184133/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|archive-date=16 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=eur-lex.europa.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Green Transition and Energy Access
* Digital Transformation
* Sustainable Growth and Jobs&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mobilising Investments for African structural sustainable transformation {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513082259/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|archive-date=13 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Strengthening Resilience, Peace, Security and Governance {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085847/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Peace, Security and Governance&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot; /&gt;
* Migration and Mobility&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Migration and mobility {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085848/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Lahabali_kɔligu:Eritrea_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg|thumb|[[South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011]]]]
In response to the ongoing [[Darfur conflict]] in Sudan, the AU has deployed 7,000 peacekeepers, many from Rwanda and Nigeria, to [[Darfur]]. While a donor's conference in Addis Ababa in 2005 helped raise funds to sustain the peacekeepers through that year and into 2006, in July 2006 the AU said it would pull out at the end of September when its mandate expires.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=28 June 2006|title=AU Darfur mission 'to end soon'|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826204932/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|archive-date=26 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Critics of the AU peacekeepers, including [[Eric Reeves]], have said these forces are largely ineffective due to lack of funds, personnel, and expertise. Monitoring a large area has made it even more difficult to sustain an effective mission. In June 2006, the [[United States Congress]] appropriated US$173&amp;nbsp;million for the AU force. Some, such as the [[Genocide Intervention Network]], have called for UN or [[NATO]] intervention to augment and/or replace the AU peacekeepers. The UN has considered deploying a force, though it would not likely enter the country until at least October 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Security Council Authorises Deployment of United Nations-African Union 'Hybrid' Peace Operation in Bid To Resolve Darfur Conflict|url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc9089.doc.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815184454/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/sc9089.doc.htm|archive-date=15 August 2007|access-date=26 November 2012|publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; The under-funded and badly equipped AU mission was set to expire on 31 December 2006 but was extended to 30 June 2007 and merged with the [[United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur]] in October 2007. In July 2009 the African Union ceased cooperation with the [[International Criminal Court]], refusing to recognise the international arrest warrant it had issued against Sudan's leader, [[Omar al-Bashir]], who was indicted in 2008 for [[War crime|war crimes]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=5 July 2009|title=African move on Bashir dismissed|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225224733/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The AU struggled to have a strategic role in the independence talks and the reconciliation process of [[South Sudan]], due to overwhelming interests of African and non-African powers, its influence is still limited and not consistent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Sulaiman|first=Abubkar o.|author2=Agoha, Ifeanyi Chuckwu|date=1 October 2013|title=South Sudan Negotiated Independence: A Critique of African Union's Role|journal=European Journal of Sustainable Development|volume=2|issue=3|pages=145–154|bibcode=2013EJSD....2..145S|doi=10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n3p145|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Clear}}

== Economy ==
{{main|Economy of the African Union}}

[[African Continental Free Trade Area|African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)]] nyɛla bɛ ni daa piligi shɛli ni tiŋgbana pihinu ni anahi tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu maa puuni ka di daabilim nyɛ din daa piligi Silimiin goli January dahin yini yuuni 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shendruk|first=Amanda|date=2020-12-31|title=The world's largest free trade area starts up on Jan. 1, 2021|url=https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|access-date=2021-01-04|website=Quartz|language=en|archive-date=4 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104075017/https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[African Export–Import Bank]], nyɛla din yɛn tabi sɔŋ ka bɛ piligi [[Pan-African Payment and Settlement System]]..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |title=Profile: African Union |date=1 July 2006 |access-date=10 July 2006 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060712034155/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |archive-date=12 July 2006 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Clear}}
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]]
(km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|title=The World Bank DataBank {{!}} Explore. Create. Share|website=databank.worldbank.org|access-date=4 February 2017|archive-date=7 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107162640/http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[List of countries by population|Population]]
{{UN_Population|Year}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |title=2015 Human Development Report |last=Office |first=Human Development Report |website=report.hdr.undp.org |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211223435/http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016 |title=The Fragile States Index 2016 {{!}} The Fund for Peace|website=fsi.fundforpeace.org|access-date=12 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204213240/http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016|archive-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2016 |last=e.V. |first=Transparency International |newspaper=transparency.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=30 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170130045244/http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/index/ |title=Index of Economic Freedom: Promoting Economic Opportunity and Prosperity by Country |website=www.heritage.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=29 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629215405/http://www.heritage.org/index/ |url-status=unfit }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016 |title=Vision of Humanity |website=static.visionofhumanity.org |access-date=12 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213091208/http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016|archive-date=13 February 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Press Freedom Index|WPFI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://rsf.org/en/ranking|title=2016 World Press Freedom Index {{!}} Reporters Without Borders|newspaper=RSF|access-date=12 February 2017|archive-date=1 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201195036/https://rsf.org/en/ranking|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |title=Democracy Index 2016 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224070253/http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |archive-date=24 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Country|Algeria}}
|2,381,741
|{{UN_Population|Algeria}}
|548,293,085,686
|13,823
|0.736
|78.3
|34
|50.06
|2.21
|41.69
|3.56
|-
|{{Country|Angola}}
|1,246,700
|{{UN_Population|Angola}}
|173,593,223,667
|6,938
|0.532
|90.5
|18
|48.94
|2.14
|39.89
|3.40
|-
|{{Country|Benin}}
|112,760
|{{UN_Population|Benin}}
|21,016,184,357
|1,932
|0.48
|78.9
|36
|59.31
|2.00
|28.97
|5.67
|-
|{{Country|Botswana}}
|566,730
|{{UN_Population|Botswana}}
|33,657,545,969
|14,876
|0.698
|63.5
|60
|71.07
|1.64
|22.91
|7.87
|-
|{{Country|Burkina Faso}}
|273,600
|{{UN_Population|Burkina Faso}}
|28,840,666,622
|1,593
|0.402
|89.4
|42
|59.09
|2.06
|22.66
|4.70
|-
|{{Country|Burundi}}
|25,680
|{{UN_Population|Burundi}}
|7,634,578,343
|300
|0.4
|100.7
|20
|53.91
|2.50
|54.10
|2.40
|-
|{{Country|Cape Verde}}
|4,030
|{{UN_Population|Cape Verde}}
|3,205,197,585
|6,158
|0.646
|71.5
|59
|66.46
|N/A
|19.82
|7.94
|-
|{{Country|Cameroon}}
|472,710
|{{UN_Population|Cameroon}}
|68,302,439,597
|2,926
|0.512
|97.8
|26
|54.18
|2.36
|40.53
|3.46
|-
|{{Country|Central African Republic}}
|622,980
|{{UN_Population|Central African Republic}}
|2,847,726,468
|581
|0.35
|112.1
|20
|45.23
|3.35
|33.60
|1.61
|-
|{{Country|Chad}}
|1,259,200
|{{UN_Population|Chad}}
|28,686,194,920
|2,044
|0.392
|110.1
|20
|46.33
|2.46
|40.59
|1.50
|-
|{{Country|Comoros}}
|1,861
|{{UN_Population|Comoros}}
|1,098,546,195
|1,393
|0.503
|83.8
|24
|52.35
|N/A
|24.33
|3.71
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Democratic Republic of the}}
|2,267,050
|{{UN_Population|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|56,920,935,460
|300
|0.433
|
|21
|46.38
|3.11
|50.97
|1.93
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Republic of the}}
|341,500
|{{UN_Population|Congo}}
|27,690,345,067
|5,993
|0.591
|92.2
|20
|42.80
|2.25
|35.84
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Djibouti}}
|23,180
|{{UN_Population|Djibouti}}
|2,911,406,226
|3,279
|0.47
|89.7
|30
|55.96
|2.29
|70.90
|2.83
|-
|{{Country|Egypt}}
|1,010,407
|{{UN_Population|Egypt}}
|1,173,000,000,000
|10,250
|0.69
|90.2
|34
|55.96
|2.57
|54.45
|3.31
|-
|{{Country|Equatorial Guinea}}
|28,050
|{{UN_Population|Equatorial Guinea}}
|32,317,928,931
|38,243
|0.587
|85.2
|N/A
|43.67
|1.94
|66.47
|1.70
|-
|{{Country|Eritrea}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |title=Eritrea |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121011902/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|101,000
|{{UN_Population|Eritrea}}
|8,845,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.391
|98.6
|18
|42.7
|2.46
|83.92
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Eswatini}}
|17,204
|{{UN_Population|Eswatini}}
|10,452,834,007
|8,122
|0.531
|87.6
|N/A
|59.65
|2.07
|52.37
|3.03
|-
|{{Country|Ethiopia}}
|1,104,300
|{{UN_Population|Ethiopia}}
|152,057,290,468
|1,530
|0.442
|97.2
|34
|51.52
|2.28
|45.13
|3.60
|-
|{{Country|Gabon}}
|257,670
|{{UN_Population|Gabon}}
|32,539,376,597
|18,860
|0.684
|72
|35
|58.96
|2.03
|32.20
|3.74
|-
|{{Country|Gambia, The}}
|10,120
|{{UN_Population|Gambia}}
|3,140,820,062
|1,578
|0.441
|86.8
|26
|57.14
|2.09
|46.53
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Ghana}}
|227,540
|{{UN_Population|Ghana}}
|108,393,071,924
|3,955
|0.579
|71.2
|43
|63.00
|1.81
|17.95
|6.75
|-
|{{Country|Guinea}}
|245,720
|{{UN_Population|Guinea}}
|14,316,884,358
|1,135
|0.411
|103.8
|27
|53.33
|2.15
|33.08
|3.14
|-
|{{Country|Guinea-Bissau}}
|28,120
|{{UN_Population|Guinea-Bissau}}
|2,521,743,682
|1,367
|0.42
|99.8
|16
|51.81
|2.26
|29.03
|1.98
|-
|{{Country|Ivory Coast}}
|318,000
|{{UN_Population|Ivory Coast}}
|74,916,780,423
|3,300
|0.462
|97.9
|34
|60.01
|2.28
|30.17
|3.81
|-
|{{Country|Kenya}}
|569,140
|{{UN_Population|Kenya}}
|133,592,522,053
|2,901
|0.548
|98.3
|26
|57.51
|2.38
|31.16
|5.33
|-
|{{Country|Lesotho}}
|30,360
|{{UN_Population|Lesotho}}
|5,914,437,068
|2,770
|0.497
|80.9
|39
|50.62
|1.94
|28.78
|6.59
|-
|{{Country|Liberia}}
|96,320
|{{UN_Population|Liberia}}
|3,533,313,381
|500
|0.43
|95.5
|37
|52.19
|2.00
|30.71
|5.31
|-
|{{Country|Libya}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya/ |title=Libya |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109235257/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,759,540
|{{UN_Population|Libya}}
|94,010,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|14,900&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.724
|96.4
|14
|N/A
|3.20
|57.89
|2.25
|-
|{{Country|Madagascar}}
|581,800
|{{UN_Population|Madagascar}}
|33,354,200,458
|1,376
|0.51
|84.2
|26
|61.06
|1.76
|27.04
|5.07
|-
|{{Country|Malawi}}
|94,280
|{{UN_Population|Malawi}}
|19,137,290,349
|1,112
|0.445
|87.6
|31
|51.8
|1.82
|28.12
|5.55
|-
|{{Country|Mali}}
|1,220,190
|{{UN_Population|Mali}}
|33,524,899,739
|1,905
|0.419
|95.2
|32
|56.54
|2.49
|39.83
|5.70
|-
|{{Country|Mauritania}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |title=Mauritania |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=7 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107034713/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,030,700
|{{UN_Population|Mauritania}}
|16,190,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|4,400&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.506
|95.4
|27
|54.8
|2.30
|24.03
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Mauritius}}
|2,030
|{{UN_Population|Mauritius}}
|23,817,914,134
|18,864
|0.777
|43.2
|54
|74.73
|1.56
|27.69
|8.28
|-
|{{Country|Morocco}}
|446,300
|{{UN_Population|Morocco}}
|257,398,957,178
|7,365
|0.628
|74.2
|37
|61.27
|2.09
|42.64
|4.77
|-
|{{Country|Mozambique}}
|786,380
|{{UN_Population|Mozambique}}
|31,326,751,237
|1,120
|0.416
|87.8
|27
|53.19
|1.96
|30.25
|4.02
|-
|{{Country|Namibia}}
|823,290
|{{UN_Population|Namibia}}
|24,043,436,006
|9,778
|0.628
|71.1
|52
|61.85
|1.87
|15.15
|6.31
|-
|{{Country|Niger}}
|1,266,700
|{{UN_Population|Niger}}
|17,857,377,171
|897
|0.348
|98.4
|35
|54.26
|2.24
|24.62
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Nigeria}}
|910,770
|{{UN_Population|Nigeria}}
|1,168,000,000,000
|5,639
|0.514
|103.5
|28
|57.46
|2.88
|35.90
|4.50
|-
|{{Country|Rwanda}}
|24,670
|{{UN_Population|Rwanda}}
|19,216,033,048
|1,655
|0.483
|91.3
|54
|63.07
|2.32
|54.61
|3.07
|-
|{{Country|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|960
|{{UN_Population|Sao Tome and Principe}}
|575,391,345
|3,023
|0.555
|72.9
|46
|56.71
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Senegal}}
|192,530
|{{UN_Population|Senegal}}
|34,398,281,018
|2,274
|0.466
|83.6
|45
|58.09
|1.98
|27.99
|6.21
|-
|{{Country|Seychelles}}
|460
|{{UN_Population|Seychelles}}
|2,384,515,771
|25,525
|0.772
|60.2
|N/A
|62.2
|N/A
|30.60
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sierra Leone}}
|72,180
|{{UN_Population|Sierra Leone}}
|9,511,431,824
|1,474
|0.413
|91
|30
|52.31
|1.81
|29.94
|4.55
|-
|{{Country|Somalia}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/ |title=Somalia |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=1 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701190026/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|627,340
|{{UN_Population|Somalia}}
|5,900,000,000&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|114
|10
|N/A
|3.41
|65.35
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|South Africa}}
|1,213,090
|{{UN_Population|South Africa}}
|742,461,000,000
|12,393
|0.666
|69.9
|45
|61.9
|2.32
|21.92
|7.41
|-
|{{Country|South Sudan}}
|619,745
|{{UN_Population|South Sudan}}
|21,484,823,398
|1,741
|0.467
|113.8
|11
|N/A
|3.59
|44.87
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sudan}}
|1,886,086
|{{UN_Population|Sudan}}
|165,813,461,495
|4,121
|0.479
|111.5
|14
|N/A
|3.27
|72.53
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Tanzania}}
|885,800
|{{UN_Population|United Republic of Tanzania}}
|130,297,806,032
|2,510
|0.521
|81.8
|32
|58.46
|1.90
|28.65
|5.76
|-
|{{Country|Togo}}
|54,390
|{{UN_Population|Togo}}
|10,018,697,437
|1,372
|0.484
|85.8
|32
|53.64
|1.95
|30.31
|3.32
|-
|{{Country|Tunisia}}
|155,360
|{{UN_Population|Tunisia}}
|121,200,025,401
|10,770
|0.721
|74.6
|41
|57.55
|1.95
|31.60
|6.40
|-
|{{Country|Uganda}}
|200,520
|{{UN_Population|Uganda}}
|67,856,334,117
|1,738
|0.483
|97.7
|25
|59.26
|2.15
|32.58
|5.26
|-
|{{Country|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 June 2007 |title=Western Sahara |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|266,000
|{{UN_Population|Western Sahara}}
|906,500,000&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2,500&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Zambia}}
|743,390
|{{UN_Population|Zambia}}
|58,400,082,027
|3,602
|0.586
|86.3
|38
|58.79
|1.78
|35.08
|5.99
|-
|{{Country|Zimbabwe}}
|386,850
|{{UN_Population|Zimbabwe}}
|26,180,942,292
|500
|0.509
|100.5
|22
|38.23
|2.32
|40.41
|3.05
|-
|'''{{noflag|African Union}}'''
|30,370,000
|{{UN_Population|Africa}}
|5,457,724,064,668
|4,602
|0.524&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|88.99&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|31.51&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|55.55&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2.27
|37.89
|4.30
|-
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]] (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015
![[List of countries by population|Population]] {{UN_Population|Year}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016
![[Reporters Without Borders|WPFI]]
2016
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016
|}

== Lihimi m-pahi ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Africa Adaptation Initiative]]
* [[African Century]]
* [[African Peer Review Mechanism]]
* [[African Renaissance]]
* [[African Standby Force]]
* [[African Unification Front]]
* [[Africanisation]]
* [[Central Asian Union]]
* [[East African Federation]]
* [[Ezulwini agreement]]
* [[Friends of the African Union]]
* [[Indigenous peoples of Africa]]
* [[List of country groupings]]
* [[List of multilateral free-trade agreements]]
* [[Climate adaptation|Prevention of environmental migration]]
* [[Pan-Africanism]]
* [[Pan-African Women's Organization]]
{{div col end}}

== Noosi ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==Kundivihira==
=== Sources ===
{{Reflist}}

=== General and cited references ===
{{Library resources box}}
* [https://web.archive.org</text>
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      <text bytes="97796" sha1="4odue505u12ojx56pv2iho3t7r27taa" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Continental union of African states}}
{{For|the predecessor organisation|Organisation of African Unity}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox geopolitical organisation
| conventional_long_name = African Union
| native_name            = {{Name in various languages
 | name = {{nobold|''(in other official languages)''}}
 | ar = الاتحاد الأفريقي
 | fr = Union africaine
 | pt = União Africana
 | es = Unión Africana
 | sw = Umoja wa Afrika
 }}
| linking_name           = the African Union
| image_flag             = Flag of the African Union.svg
| alt_flag               = Flag of the African Union
| alt_symbol             = 
| symbol_width           = 85px
| motto                  = &quot;A United and Strong Africa&quot;
| anthem                 = &quot;[[Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html |title=African Union anthem, etc |publisher=Africamasterweb.com |access-date=26 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915041714/http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html | archive-date=15 September 2015 | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{center|}}{{Align|center| |style=margin-top:0em}}
| image_map              = Map of the African Union with Suspended States.svg
| alt_map                = An [[Orthographic projection (cartography)|orthographic projection]] of [[Earth|the world]], highlighting the African Union and its member states (green).
| map_width              = 220px
| map_caption            = {{legend2|#2A5C2B|Member states}}&lt;br /&gt;{{legend2|#00D500|Suspended states}}
| org_type               = [[Continental union]]
| membership_type        = Membership
| membership             = {{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
 |title = [[Member states of the African Union|55 member states]]
|{{flag|Algeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Angola|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Benin|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Botswana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Burkina Faso|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp|Suspended}}
|{{flag|Burundi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cameroon|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cape Verde|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Central African Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Chad|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Comoros|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Djibouti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Egypt|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eritrea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eswatini|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ethiopia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Gabon|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Gambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ghana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Guinea|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ivory Coast|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kenya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Lesotho|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Liberia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Libya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Madagascar|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Malawi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mali|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Mauritania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mauritius|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Morocco|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mozambique|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Namibia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Niger|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Nigeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Rwanda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sahrawi Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Senegal|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Seychelles|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sierra Leone|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Somalia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Africa|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Sudan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sudan|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Tanzania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Togo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Tunisia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Uganda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zimbabwe|size=23px}}
}}
{{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
|title = 9 observer states
|{{flag|Haiti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kazakhstan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Latvia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mexico|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Palestine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Serbia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Turkey|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ukraine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates|size=23px}}
}}
| admin_center_type      = Political centres
| admin_center           = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Addis Ababa]]&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;}} |{{nowrap|[[Johannesburg]]&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;}}}}
| largest_settlement_type = urban agglomerations
| largest_city           = 
| largest_settlement     = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Cairo]]}} |{{nowrap|[[Lagos]]}}}}
| languages_type         = Official languages
| languages              = {{hlist | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] | [[English language|English]] | [[French language|French]] | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]]  | [[Swahili language|Swahili]] | and any other [[Languages of Africa|African language]]&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;}}
| demonym                = African
| leader_title1          = [[Chairperson of the African Union|Chairperson]]
| leader_name1           = [[João Lourenço]]
| leader_title2          = [[Chairperson of the African Union Commission|Commission Chairperson]]
| leader_name2           = [[Mahamoud Ali Youssouf]]
| leader_title3          = [[Pan-African Parliament#Presidents of the Pan-African Parliament|Parliamentary President]]
| leader_name3           = [[Fortune Z. Charumbira]]
| legislature            = [[Pan-African Parliament]]
| established_event1     = [[Organisation of African Unity|OAU Charter]]
| established_date1      = 25 May 1963
| established_event2     = [[Abuja Treaty]]
| established_date2      = 3 June 1991
| established_event3     = [[Sirte Declaration]]
| established_date3      = 9 September 1999
| established_event4     = African Union founded
| established_date4      = {{start date and age|2002|07|09}}
| established_event5     = [[History of South Sudan|Admission of]] [[South Sudan]]
| established_date5      = 9 July 2011
| established_event6     = [[Member states of the African Union|Admission of]] [[Morocco]]
| established_date6      = 31 January 2017
| established_event7     = [[African Continental Free Trade Area]] (AfCFTA)
| established_date7      = 1 January 2021
| area_km2               = 29,922,059&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2016&quot;&gt;Corresponds to the terrestrial surface. Including the [[Exclusive Economic Zones]] of each member state, the total area is 43 434 569&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 1,494,988,668{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $8.990 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO/WEOWORLD/IDN/AFQ.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668%2C672%2C612%2C614%2C674%2C676%2C678%2C682%2C684%2C638%2C686%2C688%2C616%2C728%2C748%2C618%2C624%2C692%2C694%2C622%2C626%2C628%2C632%2C636%2C634%2C662%2C611%2C714%2C716%2C469%2C722%2C642%2C643%2C718%2C724%2C734%2C644%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C652%2C732%2C656%2C654%2C738%2C742%2C744%2C746%2C664%2C754%2C666%2C698&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |access-date=8 February 2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714135232/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668,672,612,614,674,676,678,682,684,638,686,688,616,728,748,618,624,692,694,622,626,628,632,636,634,662,611,714,716,469,722,642,643,718,724,734,644,726,646,199,648,733,652,732,656,654,738,742,744,746,664,754,666,698&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,LP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion|Excluding Western Sahara due to lack of data}}
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2024
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $6,330&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal            = {{decrease}} $2.81 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion}}
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2024
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{decrease}} $1,960&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.577
| HDI_year               = 2020
| cctld                  = [[.africa]]
| footnotes              = {{unbulleted list |&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[African Union Commission]]. |&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[Pan-African Parliament]].}}
| official_website       = {{URL|https://au.int}}
| area_rank              = 
| today                  = 
}}

'''African Union''' ('''AU''') nyɛla tiŋgbani bɔbugu laɣingu zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu&lt;ref name=&quot;UIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100033436 |url-access= |title=African Union (AU) |author1=Staff writer |year=2025 |department=UIA Global Civil Society Database |website=uia.org |publisher=[[Union of International Associations]] |agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online |location=Brussels, Belgium |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date=8 January 2025 |via= |quote= |trans-quote= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Member States AU-UN |url=https://www.africanunion-un.org/memberstates |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka nyɛ din be [[Africa]]. AU nyɛla bɛ ni daa niŋ shɛli laɣngu Sirte Declaration din be Sirte, Libya Silimiin goli September yuuni 1999, ka bɛ niya daa nyɛ bɛ kpa African Union. Bɛ daa piligi li Silimiin goli July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002  Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_&amp;_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union,%209%20July%202002.htm |title=Launch of the African Union, 9 July 2002: Address by the chairperson of the AU, President Thabo Mbeki |first=Thabo |last=Mbeki |date=9 July 2002 |publisher=africa-union.org |location=ABSA Stadium, Durban, South Africa |access-date=8 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503210549/http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_%26_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union%2C%209%20July%202002.htm |archive-date=3 May 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ daa mali lala niya ni AU nyɛla di ni tooi zani Organisation of African Unity (OAU) zani, di nyɛla bɛ ni daa kpa shɛli Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1963 ka di ni daa piligi shɛli nyɛ Addis Ababa, gomnantinima pihita ni ayi nyɛ ban daa dihi bɛ nuhi gbana zuɣu zaŋ n-ti li; OAU ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa kari shɛli Silimiin goli  July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002 Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;/&gt; 

African Union ŋɔ nyɛla din mali salo ban kalinli gari 1.3 &quot;billion&quot; ka di tiŋgbani galisim paai kamani  {{convert|30|e6km2|e6sqmi|sigfig=2|abbr=unit}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Manboah-Rockson |first1=Joseph |title=Politics &amp; the Struggle for Democracy in Ghana: An Introduction to Political Science |date=23 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Balli shɛŋa din be di ni nyɛ  Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, n-ti pahi Swahili.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://au.int/en/about/languages |title=AU Languages |access-date=2 May 2021 |publisher=African Union |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407001442/https://au.int/en/about/languages |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

G20 (Group of 20) laɣingu din daa niŋ New Delhi, [[India]] yuuni 2023, African Union nyɛla ban daa kpɛ G20.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=September 9, 2023 |title=African Union made permanent member of G20 at Delhi summit |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/09/african-union-made-permanent-member-of-g20-at-delhi-summit |access-date=December 12, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Overview ==
African Union niyanima n-nyɛ:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Constitutive Act|url=https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415235637/https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|archive-date=15 April 2020|access-date=2 May 2021|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;

# Di ʒi nangbanyini din mali yaa na, taba laɣimbu ni Africa tinsi mini [[Africa|African]] tingbana taba puu biɛri taba zuɣu.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi maŋsulinsi, tiŋgbana taba shebu ni tiŋgbani din kam be din ni maŋsulinsi.
# Ni di kpaŋsi siyaasa mini biɛhigu-daabiligu laɣimbu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋgbana taba sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 November 2024|title=Evolution of Geopolitical Dynamics in Africa|url=https://www.guambia.com.uy/67/evolution-of-geopolitical-dynamics-in-africa/2312/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=Guambia}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The New Power Play in Africa: Russia, China, and the Shifting Sands of Influence|url=https://kcsgroup.com/the-new-power-play-in-africa-russia-china-and-the-shifting-sands-of-influence/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=KCS Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ni di kpaŋsi ka gu ka taɣi [[Africa|African]] zaashee zaŋ chaŋ bɛ suhuyurilim polo di tiŋgbani yaɣa mini di niriba sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi daabiligu tiŋgban sunsuuni, ka mali Charter of the United Nations mini Universal Declaration of Human Rights tumdi tuma.
# Ni di kpaŋsi suhudoo, niriba gubu, ni tiŋgbani yaɣa zanibu chibi.
# Ni di kmpaŋsi maŋsulinsi zalisi, ni gɔmnanti tali din niŋ dede.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi ninsalinima mini niriba fukumsi din be African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights ni mini &quot;human rights instruments&quot; yaɣa din niŋ talahi.
# Ni di zali zalisi din kpa talahi ka che ka tiŋgbani yaɣa maa tumdi di tuma dunia daabiligu ni ni shaawara gbaabu tiŋgbana sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim din nyɛ soha-biɛɣuni dini zaŋti daabiligu,biɛhigu ni kaya ni taɣada biɛhigu ni Africa daabiligu yaɣa zaŋ laɣim taba.
# Ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ninsalisili yaɣa kam n duhi biɛri suŋ Africanima sunsuuni.
# To coordinate and harmonise the policies between the existing and future Regional Economic Communities for the gradual attainment of the objectives of the Union.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim tiŋgbana yaɣa maa ni din dalim vihigu niŋbu, di bahi bahindi tabiibi mini tabiibi zaŋ tum tuma.
# Ni di mini tiŋgbana laɣim tum n-kpihim dɔriti din mali taɣibu mini alaafee kpaŋsibu tiŋgbana ni.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm Africa-union.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604051527/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm|date=4 June 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
{{Main|History of the African Union|History of Africa}}

African Union taarihi pilila &quot;'''First Congress of Independent African States&quot;''', din daa niŋ [[Accra]], [[Ghana]] bini din gbaai Anashaara goli April biɛɣu pinaanu zaŋ chaŋ biɛɣu pishinaayi yuuni 1958. Laɣingu maa niya daa nyɛla di kpa Africa Day, n-ti tabili Organisation of African Unity (OAU), din daa kpa Anashaara goli May biɛɣu pishinaanu yuuni 1963, ni [[African Economic Community]] yuuni 1991.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210205406/http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may|date=10 December 2018}} South African History Online (SAHO), 15 May 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ansarisi maaniba daa ŋme nangbankpeeni ni OAU ka nuu timbu shɛli ninsalilnima fukumsi ni .&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2115736&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Reynolds|first=Paul|date=8 July 2002|title=African Union replaces dictators' club|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601025542/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|archive-date=1 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tɛha din tahi AU kpabu na nyɛla din daa labi niŋ nyɛvuli 1990s sunsuuni Libyan tiŋgbani zuɣulana Muammar al-Gaddafi saha;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Adebajo|first=Adekeye|date=2011-08-26|title=Gaddafi: the man who would be king of Africa|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011605/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Guardian|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbana zuɣulana mini kpɛma zaŋti OAU daa yina ni Sirte Declaration (bɛ ni daa zaŋ Sirte, Libya yuli boli shɛli) Anashaara goli September dabaa awɔi yuuni 1999, ka daa ŋmeri kuŋ bɔri African Union nambu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-12-05|title=The African Union After Gaddafi|url=http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410172928/http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|archive-date=10 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 10, 2001|title=African leaders elect OAU boss|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414032647/https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-08-27|title=New Partnership for Africa's Development – NEPAD {{!}} Poverty Eradication|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419153619/https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html|archive-date=19 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=www.un.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

African Union suuna daa niŋla Durban Anashaara goli July dabaa awɔi yuuni 2002 ni di tuuli ʒia kuɣulana, South Africa tiŋgbani zuɣulana kuro [[Thabo Mbeki]], Assembly of the African Union tuuli yaɣili ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-11-18|title=The African Union is launched|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416010303/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|archive-date=16 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=Africa Renewal|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Assembly yaɣili din pahiri ayi daa niŋla Maputo yuuni 2003 ka din pahiri ata daa niŋ Addis Ababa Anashaara goli July dabaa ayɔbu yuuni 2004.

Tum yuuni 2010, African Union daa mali niya ni di kpa &quot;African space agency&quot; laɣim taba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=5 September 2010|title=Africa prepares to join the big boys in the space race|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116213335/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|archive-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=6 September 2012|title=Sudanese president calls for African space agency|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102203403/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|archive-date=2 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=11 September 2012|title=Africa eyes joint space agency|url=http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021070210/http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|archive-date=21 October 2013|access-date=21 October 2013|publisher=Phys.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Ezigbo|first1=Onyebuchi|last2=Okpara|first2=Lois|date=9 August 2010|title=AU to Establish African Space Agency|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212084442/http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|archive-date=12 February 2014|access-date=11 December 2015|publisher=All Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Barack Obama n daa nyɛ tuuli United States tiŋgbani zuɣulana ŋun ʒi gbana ni ka di alizama African Union ni Addis Ababa Anashaara goli July biɛɣu pihita yini ka dali yuuni 2015. O daa alizama dibu ni, o daa kpaŋsiya ni dunisnims laɣindi niŋdi daabiligu ka tabiri sɔŋdi shikuru baŋsim tooni chandi ni, ni lɛbiginsim mini dahi yɛligibu. Amaa, o daa lahi galim suhuyurilim ni ka tiŋgbani shɛŋa ni mini gɔmnantinima ban zaɣisi sheebu ni, ban bi galisi gaŋbu (n-ti tabili ninuɣ'shɛba ban be LGBT ni, adiininima mini laɣinsi zuliyanima ni) ni kɔriŋ fahili.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Carol E.|date=28 July 2015|title=Obama Becomes First U.S. President to Address African Union|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|url-status=live|access-date=29 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729094216/http://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|archive-date=29 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 July 2015|title=Remarks by President Obama to the People of Africa|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120220442/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|archive-date=20 January 2017|access-date=29 July 2015|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|via=[[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Treaties ===
{{AU evolution timeline}}

== Siyaasa ==

:
; Financial institutions

* African Central Bank – [[Abuja]], Nigeria
* African Investment Bank – Tripoli, Libya
* African Monetary Fund – Yaoundé, Cameroon

Lala tuma duri ŋɔ na bi kpa; amaa, komitiinima ban be di kpabu ni nyɛla bɛ ni piigi shɛba. Lal n-nyɛli,  AU malila niya ni di diri laɣ'yini (Afro).

; Alaafee
: Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), daa kpala yuuni 2016 ka di suuna niŋ yuuni 2017. Di tuma du'zuɣuri be la Addis Ababa Ethiopia.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int-2017-01-31&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-01-31|title=Africa CDC Official Launch|url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630023917/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-date=30 June 2018|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb.int-2017-02-02&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-02-02|title=The African Union launches Africa CDC, a Continent-wide Public Health Agency|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180037/https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|work=[[Reliefweb]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc.gov-2017-07-27&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-07-27|title=Africa CDC: Improving Disease Detection and Emergency Response on the African Continent|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180936/https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Inspection visit to Africa CDC Headquarters building site|url=https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205114846/https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|archive-date=5 February 2022|access-date=2022-02-05|website=Africa CDC|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; Ninsalinima fukumsi
: African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, nyɛla din beni tum yuuni 1986, di be la African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights fukumsi ni (African Charter) amaa ka ni Constitutive Act of the African Union.
; Polo
: African Space Agency nyɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2023. Di tuma du'zuɣu be la Cairo.
; Yaa
: African Energy Commission daa nYɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2008, ka be Algiers.

=== Tiŋgbana din be din ni ===
{{Main|Member states of the African Union}}

UN member states din be Africa mini African islands zaa bela AU, ka nyɛ yaɣ'shɛli din tabi Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR). [[Morocco]] daa yila Organisation of African Unity ni yuuni 1984 ka di nyɛla SADR sulinsi ni ka di daa be, ka di tiŋgbani yaɣili Western Sahara daa zaŋli kpehi di maŋsulinsi ni.  AU daa lahi labi deei li Anashaara goli January biɛɣu pihita yuuni 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;worldbulletin&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=30 January 2017|title=Morocco rejoins African Union|publisher=Worldbulletin|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|url-status=usurped|access-date=31 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720013737/http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|archive-date=20 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Somaliland, din nyɛ [[Somalia]] ni deei shɛli, daa sabi gbaŋ ti ni di kpe AU yuuni 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nelson&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Nelson, Elizabeth A.|title=Regional Politics and State Secession|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|year=2021|isbn=978-1-83910-377-3|pages=105}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mali nyɛla bɛ nin daa naa yihi shɛba African Union ni saha biɛla sunsuuni Anashaara goli 19 August 2020 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu niŋ naai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=African Union suspends Mali following coup|work=Agence France-Presse, Reuters|publisher=Deutsche Welle|url=https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913003040/https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|archive-date=13 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anashaara goli 9 October lala yuuni ŋɔ yaha, [[Peace and Security Council]] zaŋti African Union daa paai lala yihibu fukumsi ŋɔ Mali zuɣi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union lifts Mali's suspension imposed in the wake of coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009202811/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|archive-date=9 October 2020|access-date=2020-10-09|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Bɛ daa lahi labi zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa tiŋgbani maa zuɣu Anashaara goli June dahin yini dali yuuni 2021, di sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu ni daa lahi niŋ chira awɔi sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2 June 2021|title=African Union announces 'immediate suspension' of Mali after second coup|work=France 24, Reuters, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912141924/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lala fukumsi ŋɔ daa pani Guinea gba zuɣu African Union ni ANashaara goli September biɛɣu pia dali yuuni 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣulana Alpha Condé.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=10 September 2021|title=African Union suspends Guinea after coup, as envoys arrive for talks|work=France 24, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912022912/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sudan gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pani shɛli zuɣu Anashaara goli 27 October 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmananti shee tiŋgbani zuɣulana Abdalla Hamdok.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union suspends Sudan over coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027130242/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|archive-date=27 October 2021|access-date=2021-10-27|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Burkina Faso gba nyɛla lala fukumsi ŋɔ ni daa pani shɛli zuɣu African Union ni bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu Anashaara goli 31 January 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AU suspends Burkina Faso after coup as envoys head for talks|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062926/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|archive-date=23 December 2022|access-date=2022-01-31|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nige gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛba zuɣu Anashaara goli 22 August 2023 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣula Mohamed Bazoum; tum din saha ka 2023 Nigerien crisis pili.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2023-08-22|title=African Union suspends participation of Niger following coup|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|url-status=live|access-date=2023-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906024202/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|archive-date=6 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gabon gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛli zuɣu 31 August 2023 bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmananti sheei Ali Bongo Ondimba nyaaŋa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Newspaper|first=The Peninsula|date=2023-08-31|title=African Union says to 'immediately suspend' Gabon after coup|url=https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902185942/http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|archive-date=2 September 2023|access-date=2023-08-31|website=thepeninsulaqatar.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{TOC limit|3}}


== Members ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{DZA}}
* {{AGO}}
* {{BEN}}
* {{BWA}}
* {{BFA}} (suspended)
* {{BDI}}
* {{CMR}}
* {{CPV}}
* {{CAF}}
* {{TCD}}
* {{COM}}
* {{COD}}
* {{COG}}
* {{DJI}}
* {{EGY}}
* {{GNQ}}
* {{ERI}}
* {{SWZ}}
* {{ETH}}
* {{GAB}}
* {{GMB}}
* {{GHA}}
* {{GIN}} (suspended)
* {{GNB}}
* {{CIV}}
* {{KEN}}
* {{LSO}}
* {{LBR}}
* {{LBY}}
* {{MDG}}
* {{MWI}}
* {{MLI}} (suspended)
* {{MRT}}
* {{MUS}}
* {{MAR}}
* {{MOZ}}
* {{NAM}}
* {{NER}} (suspended)
* {{NGA}}
* {{RWA}}
* {{SADR}}
* {{STP}}
* {{SEN}}
* {{SYC}}
* {{SLE}}
* {{SOM}}
* {{ZAF}}
* {{SSD}}
* {{SDN}} (suspended)
* {{TZA}}
* {{TGO}}
* {{TUN}}
* {{UGA}}
* {{ZMB}}
* {{ZWE}}
{{div col end}}

==== Observers ====
* {{HAI}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Haiti Will Not Join the African Union |url=https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |website=Haiti Hub |access-date=22 June 2023 |date=22 May 2016 |archive-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622142803/https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ISR}} (suspended as of February 2023)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|title=African Union says Israel's observer status suspended|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908195006/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |author=((i24NEWS)) |date=2022-02-06 |title=Israel dispute erupts at African Union summit |language=en |work=Ynetnews |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |access-date=2022-02-06 |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151241/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{KAZ}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstan's Observer status at the African Union: What Does It Mean for Africa? |url=https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=www.igd.org.za |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327081029/https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{LAT}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-01-11|url=http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|title=Latvia becomes observer to African Union|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia]]|website=www.mfa.gov.lv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918030201/http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|archive-date=18 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{MEX}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-06-18 |title=Chairperson Receives the Credentials of the First Permanent Observer of Mexico to the African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |website=au.int |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901115222/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|Palestine}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-05-27 |title=AU grants Palestine observer status |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |publisher=[[Egypt Independent]] |first=Fathya |last=el-Dakhakhni |website=egyptindependent.com |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=29 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229042151/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{SRB}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 January 2014|language=sr-latn|title=Mrkić na samitu u Adis Abebi|url=https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|website=b92.net|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=16 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071458/https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{TUR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-11 |title=What's driving Turkey's commercial &amp; military relations with Africa? |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en-US |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151227/https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{UKR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-06-22 |title=Ukraine has obtained the observer status in the African Union |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] |website=mfa.gov.ua |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071456/https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ARE}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chairperson Receives Credentials of the Permanent Observer of the United Arab Emirates. {{!}} African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=au.int |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151252/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== African Union tuma ====
{{Supranational African Bodies|align=right|size=500px}}Yuuni 1980 Lagos Plan of Action for the Development of Africa mini yuuni 1991 varisigu ni African Economic Community kpabu (bɛ ni lahi booni shɛli Abuja Treaty), daa yina ni tɛha din nyɛ Regional Economic Communities (RECs) kpabu ni niŋ binshɛli din yɛn laɣim Africa taba.&lt;ref&gt;See note on [https://web.archive.org/web/20040906140832/http://www.dfa.gov.za/docs/2003/au0815.htm The Role of the Regional Economic Communities (RECs) as the Building Blocks of the African Union] prepared by the South African Department of Foreign Affairs.&lt;/ref&gt;

Saha ŋɔ, RECs dibaa anii m-be AU. Din nima n-nyɛ:

* Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)
* Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
* Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)
* East African Community (EAC)
* Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS)
* Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
* Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
* Southern Africa Development Community (SADC)&lt;ref&gt;Decision on the Protocol on Relations between the African Union and the Regional Economic Communities (RECs), Assembly/AU/Dec.166 (IX).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=President of Mauritania Elected as New Chairperson of AU|url=https://www.ena.et/web/eng/w/eng_4033947}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of chairpersons ==
{{main|Chairperson of the African Union}}
[[File:Jakaya Kikwete and Muammar al-Gaddafi, 12th AU Summit, 090202-N-0506A-678.jpg|thumb|left|[[Muammar Gaddafi]] embracing Tanzanian President [[Jakaya Kikwete|Kikwete]] after assuming the chairmanship]]
{{Clear|left}}

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-valign=top
|+Chairpersons of the African Union
|-
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Name
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Beginning of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|End of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Country
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Thabo Mbeki]]
|9 July 2002
|10 July 2003
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Joaquim Chissano]]
|10 July 2003
|6 July 2004
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Olusegun Obasanjo]]
|6 July 2004
|24 January 2006
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]]
|24 January 2006
|24 January 2007
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[John Kufuor]]
|30 January 2007
|31 January 2008
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Jakaya Kikwete]]
|31 January 2008
|2 February 2009
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Muammar al-Gaddafi]]
|2 February 2009
|31 January 2010
|{{flagdeco|Libya|1977}} [[Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|Libya]]
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Bingu wa Mutharika]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE60U05O20100131l Gaddafi fails in bid to remain African Union chair], Reuters, 31 January 2010 {{Dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20111230205627/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g8cvj3048f4WEB6UQuim80MKqhVA Malawi president takes over as AU president], AFP, 31 January 2010&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2010
|31 January 2011
|{{flag|Malawi|2010}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography According to the AU] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006153642/http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography |date=6 October 2011 }}, his official style is ''Son Excellence Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Président de la République, Chef de l'État et Président Fondateur du Parti Démocratique de Guinée Equatoriale'' {{in lang|fr}}. Retrieved 4 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2011
|29 January 2012
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Yayi Boni]]
|29 January 2012
|27 January 2013
|{{flag|Benin}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Hailemariam Desalegn]]
|27 January 2013
|30 January 2014
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz]]
|30 January 2014
|30 January 2015
|{{flag|Mauritania|1959}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Robert Mugabe]]
|30 January 2015
|30 January 2016
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Idriss Déby]]
|30 January 2016
|30 January 2017
|{{flag|Chad}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Alpha Condé]]
|30 January 2017
|28 January 2018
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Paul Kagame]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |title=President Paul Kagame, Elected as New Chairperson of the African Union for the year 2018 - African Union |website=au.int |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205134722/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|28 January 2018
|10 February 2019
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]]
|10 February 2019
|10 February 2020
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |title=South Africa takes over as AU chair: What to expect |website=aljazeera.com |access-date=12 February 2020 |archive-date=12 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212104846/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|10 February 2020
|10 February 2021
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Félix Tshisekedi]]
|10 February 2021
|5 February 2022
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Macky Sall]]
|5 February 2022
|18 February 2023
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Azali Assoumani]]
|18 February 2023
|17 February 2024
|{{flag|Comoros}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Ghazouani]]
|17 February 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|}

=== African Union summits ===
[[File:Niger, Niamey, Boulevard Mali Béro (2)(Rue IB-56).jpg|thumb|300px|left|Billboard in Niamey (Niger) announcing the 33rd AU Summit (2019)]]
{{Clear}}
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
|-
!width=155px| Session
! Host country
! Host city
! Date
! Theme
! Notes
|-
| 37th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|17 February 2024|format=d}}–{{dts|18 February 2024}}|| &quot;Educate and Skill Africa for the 21st Century&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://au.int/en/summit/37 | title=African Union &amp;#124; an Integrated, Prosperous and Peaceful Africa }}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 36th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|18 February 2023|format=d}}–{{dts|19 February 2023}}|| || 
|-
| 35th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 February 2022|format=d}}–{{dts|6 February 2022}}|| ||
|-
| 34th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|6 February 2021|format=d}}–{{dts|7 February 2021}}|| ||
|-
| 33rd&lt;ref name=development&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|title=The 33rd AU Summit kicks off with the 39th Session of the Permanent Representatives Committee &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121172202/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|9 February 2020|format=d}}–{{dts|10 February 2020}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|title=33rd AU Summit : Online accreditation for Journalists now open &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203234748/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;||&quot;Silencing the guns: creating conducive conditions for Africa's development&quot;&lt;ref name=development /&gt;||Agreement for [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]] to become operational in July 2020.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore /&gt; Agreements to reduce gender gap and inequality and to &quot;silence guns&quot; on the continent.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|title=South African President Cyril Ramaphosa elected African Union Chairperson as continent vows to 'silence the guns', boost trade and close gender gap|work=Today News Africa|access-date=2 May 2021|date=9 February 2020|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216015953/https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 12th Extraordinary Summit on [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]]&lt;ref name=extra12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705085754/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Niger}}||[[Niamey]]|| {{dts|4 July 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2019}} || &quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot; || Launch of the [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]]
|- 
| 32nd&lt;ref name=&quot;summit32&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=32nd AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/32 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806201405/https://au.int/en/summit/32 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|10 February 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|11 February 2019}}||&quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot;||
|-
| 11th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra11&gt;{{cite web |title=11th Extraordinary Summit Summary of Key Decisions |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |website=African Union |access-date=22 January 2020 |date=18 November 2018 |archive-date=22 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122180323/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 November 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|18 November 2018}}|| || Agreement reached on reorganisation AU Commission&lt;ref name=extra11 /&gt;
|-
| 31st&lt;ref name=&quot;summit31&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=31st AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/31 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708203337/https://au.int/en/summit/31 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mauritania}}||[[Nouakchott]]|| {{dts|25 June 2018|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra10&gt;{{cite web |title=10th Extraordinary Session of the Assembly on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708005309/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]]|| {{dts|17 March 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|21 March 2018}}|| &quot;Creating One African Market&quot; || Agreement reached on the AfCFTA
|-
| 30th&lt;ref name=summit30&gt;{{cite web |title=30th AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/30 |access-date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=22 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322020614/https://au.int/en/summit/30 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|29 January 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 29th&lt;ref name=summit29&gt;{{cite web |title=29th AU summit |date=5 July 2017 |url=https://au.int/en/summit/29 |access-date=15 November 2017 |archive-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116034051/https://au.int/en/summit/29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 June 2017|format=dm}} – {{dts|4 July 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; ||
|-
| 28th&lt;ref name=summit28&gt;{{cite web |title=28th AU summit |date=30 January 2017 |url=https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |access-date=31 January 2017 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202063411/https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2017|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; || Morocco rejoins the AU after 33 years
|-
| 27th&lt;ref name=summit27&gt;{{cite web |title=27th AU summit |date=July 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=7 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007033940/http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]] || {{dts|10 July 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|18 July 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot; || Launch of [[African Union Passport]]
|-
| 26th&lt;ref name=summit26&gt;{{cite web |title=26th AU summit |date=January 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/26 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=29 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929114302/http://au.int/en/summit/26 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot;||
|-
| [[Third India-Africa Forum Summit]] || {{flag|India}} || [[New Delhi]] || {{dts|26 October 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|29 October 2015}} || &quot;Reinvigorated Partnership—Shared Vision&quot; ||
|-
| 25th&lt;ref name=summit25&gt;{{cite web |title=25th AU summit |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002150945/http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=25th African Union Summit in Johannesburg – African Union Commission media information |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215016/http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Johannesburg]] || {{dts|7 June 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|15 June 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; || Featured Angelina Jolie&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=A Call for Global Support in Ending Women's Violence Done by Angelina Jolie |publisher=Newwatch NGR |url=http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |website=newswatchngr.com |date=February 2016 |access-date=23 February 2016 |archive-date=23 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223171129/http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 24th&lt;ref name=summit24&gt;{{cite web |title=24th AU summit |date=January 2015 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624103215/http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-date=24 June 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–Turkey Summit|| {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|19 November 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|21 November 2014}}|| &quot;A New Model of Partnership to Enhance a Sustainable Development and Integration of Africa&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Second Turkey-Africa Partnership Summit |date=November 2014 |url=http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225225133/http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Africa Turkey 2014 |date=November 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095901/http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 23rd&lt;ref name=summit23&gt;{{cite web |title=23rd AU summit |date=June 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709071223/http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-date=9 July 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|20 June 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|27 June 2014}}|| &quot;Year of Agriculture and food security&quot; ||
|-
| 22nd&lt;ref name=summit22&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd AU summit |date=January 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214161520/http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-date=14 February 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd Ordinary Session of the Summit of the African Union |date=January 2014 |url=http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214002039/http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-date=14 February 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2014}}|| &quot;Year Agriculture and food security, Marking 10th Anniversary of the Adoption of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP)&quot; ||
|-
| Extraordinary Summit on the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&lt;ref name=summiticc&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Extraordinary Summit on ICC |date=October 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220184942/http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-date=20 December 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]
| {{dts|11 October 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|12 October 2013}}|| &quot;Africa's Relationship with the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&quot; || This was in regards to the ICC's non-adherence to AU calls to drop certain charges against sitting leaders and claims that it was disproportionally targeting Africans.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |title=Kenya pushing for African split from International Criminal Court |newspaper=[[Irish Times]] |access-date=30 January 2014 |archive-date=28 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928170024/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 21st&lt;ref name=summit21&gt;{{cite web |title=21st AU summit |date=May 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701003301/http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-date=1 July 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|19 May 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|27 May 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; || 50th Anniversary of the Establishment of the [[Organisation of African Unity]]
|-
| 20th&lt;ref name=summit20&gt;{{cite web |title=20th AU summit |date=January 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509094507/http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-date=9 May 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 January 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|28 January 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; ||
|-
| Diaspora Summit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Global Africa Diaspora Summit |date=May 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916162142/http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-date=16 September 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Sandton, South Africa|Sandton]] || {{dts|23 May 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2012}}|| &quot;Towards the Realisation of a United and Integrated Africa and Its Diaspora&quot; ||
|-
| 19th&lt;ref name=summit19&gt;{{cite web |title=19th African Union (AU) Summit to be held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |date=June 2012 |url=http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002164755/http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|9 July 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|16 July 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| 18th&lt;ref name=summit18&gt;{{cite web |title=18th AU summit |date=January 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614120243/http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-date=14 June 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| [[17th Ordinary African Union Summit|17th]]&lt;ref name=summit17&gt;{{cite web |title=17th AU summit |date=June 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095847/http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{nowrap|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|23 June 2011|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2011}}|| &quot;Youth Empowerment for Sustainable Development&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–India Summit || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|20 May 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2011}}|| &quot;Enhancing partnership: shared vision&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=2nd Africa-India Forum Summit |date=May 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331174105/http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia |archive-date=31 March 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 16th&lt;ref name=summit16&gt;{{cite web |title=16th African Union summit |date=January 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090533/http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|24 January 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2011}}|| &quot;Towards Greater Unity and Integration through Shared Values&quot; ||
|-
| 15th&lt;ref name=summit15&gt;{{cite web |title=15th African Union summit |date=July 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909081209/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-date=9 September 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Uganda}}||[[Kampala]] || {{dts|19 July 2010|format=d}}–{{dts|27 July 2010}}|| &quot;Maternal, Infant, and Child Health and Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 14th&lt;ref name=summit14&gt;{{cite web |title=14th African Union summit |date=January 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122225/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2010|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2010}}|| &quot;Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Africa: Challenges and Prospects for Development&quot; ||
|-
| 13th&lt;ref name=summit13&gt;{{cite web |title=13th African Union summit |date=July 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040008/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|24 June 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 July 2009}}|| &quot;Investing in Agriculture for Economic Growth and Food Security&quot; ||
|-
| 12th&lt;ref name=summit12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th African Union summit |date=January 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040018/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|26 January 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 February 2009}}|| &quot;Infrastructure Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 11th&lt;ref name=summit11&gt;{{cite web |title=The 11th AU summit |date=July 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122200/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Egypt}}||[[Sharm el-Sheikh]] || {{dts|24 June 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2008}}|| &quot;Meeting the Millennium Development Goals on Water and Sanitation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th&lt;ref name=summit10&gt;{{cite web |title=The 10th African Union summit |date=January 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102035957/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2008}}|| &quot;Industrial Development of Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 9th&lt;ref name=summit9&gt;{{cite web |title=9th African Union summit |date=July 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040001/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ghana}}||[[Accra]] || {{dts|25 June 2007|format=dm}} – {{dts|6 July 2007}}|| &quot;Grand Debate on the Union Government&quot; ||
|-
| 8th&lt;ref name=summit8&gt;{{cite web |title=8th African Union summit |date=January 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806145357/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2007|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2007}}|| 1. &quot;Science, Technology and Scientific Research for Development&quot; &lt;br /&gt;2. &quot;Climate Change in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 7th&lt;ref name=summit7&gt;{{cite web |title=7th African Union summit |date=July 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806144655/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Gambia}}||[[Banjul]] || {{dts|25 June 2006|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2006}}|| &quot;Rationalisation of Recs and Regional Integration&quot; ||
|-
| 6th&lt;ref name=summit6&gt;{{cite web |title=6th African Union summit |date=January 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214191451/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-date=14 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Sudan}}||[[Khartoum]] || {{dts|16 January 2006|format=d}}–{{dts|24 January 2006}}|| &quot;Education and Culture&quot; ||
|-
| 5th&lt;ref name=summit5&gt;{{cite web |title=5th African Union summit |date=June 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224163231/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-date=24 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|28 June 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|29 June 2005}}|| ||
|-
| Extraordinary summit on UN Reform&lt;ref name=summitlist&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Summit |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215221812/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-date=15 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|4 August 2005}} || ||
|-
| 4th&lt;ref name=summit4&gt;{{cite web |title=4th African Union summit |date=January 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315081032/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-date=15 March 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Nigeria}}||[[Abuja]] || {{dts|24 January 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2005}}|| ||
|-
| 3rd&lt;ref name=summit3&gt;{{cite web |title=3rd African Union summit |date=July 2004 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207061226/http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-date=7 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|6 July 2004|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2004}}|| ||
|-
| 2nd&lt;ref name=summit2&gt;{{cite web |title=African Union Summit Maputo Mozambique |date=July 2003 |url=http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708083551/http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mozambique}}||[[Maputo]] || {{dts|2 July 2003|format=d}}–{{dts|12 July 2003}}|| ||
|-
| 1st&lt;ref name=summit1&gt;{{cite web |title=OAU/AU summit |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022142733/http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |archive-date=22 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Durban, South Africa|Durban]] || {{dts|28 June 2002}} – {{dts|10 July 2002}}|| &quot;Peace, Development and Prosperity: The African Century&quot; || Notable events include the launch of the African Union.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=1st AU summit: Documents and Speeches |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001222437/http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html| archive-date=1 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}


==== Africa–Caribbean relations ====
{{See also|Group of 77|Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States}}
[[Caribbean]] tiŋgbana pam nyɛla din kpuɣi niya ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ni [[Africa]] tiŋgbana. African Union lihirila Caribbean ka di nyɛ yaɣili din ni tooi pahi buyɔbu  &quot;Sixth Region&quot; tiŋgbana yaɣa din laɣim taba maa puuni.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/ African Union 6th Region Diaspora Headquarters to be established in Accompong, Jamaica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311035309/https://thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/|date=11 March 2023}}, 24 January 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;Caribbean tiŋgbani shɛŋa nyɛla Africa din yihi di maŋ pahi tuma yaɣa ni, n-ti tabili [[Barbados]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Lorna|title=Barbados inks MOU with African Export-Import Bank|url=https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717182615/https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|archive-date=17 July 2022|access-date=17 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[the Bahamas]] ni [[Guyana]], din zaa pahi African Export–Import Bank ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 December 2022|title=Barbados Parliament ratifies Partnership Agreement with Afreximbank, as Guyanaand Bahamas join CARICOM signatories|url=https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323124813/https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|archive-date=23 March 2023|access-date=10 September 2023|website=African Export-Import Bank}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaha, Caribbean Development Bank dihila laɣim tum gbana ni n-ti [[African Development Bank]] (AfDB).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/ AfDB, CDB move to deepen Africa, Caribbean cooperation, sign MoU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625194438/https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/|date=25 June 2022}}, June 18, 2022&lt;/ref&gt; [[Antigua and Barbuda]] gba niŋ zaɣa ni Africa mini Caribbean.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-01-09|title=Antigua Airways is airborne and ready to become the &quot;pride of the Caribbean&quot;|url=https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423231330/https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua News Room|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=jennelsa.johnson|date=2023-04-17|title=Government has not given up on Antigua Airways as company seeks to make comeback|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424072842/https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amaa, din nyɛla din ʒi yɛli muɣisira na tiŋgbana loobu ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-28|title=3 dead, 13 missing in Caribbean sinking; 14 Africans saved|url=https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531093832/https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|archive-date=31 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=AP NEWS|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-29|title=Tragedy at sea: Boat carrying African migrants from Antigua capsizes near St Kitts|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520064903/https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|archive-date=20 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-31|title=Fury as gov't says it bears no responsibility for migrant boat tragedy|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419124847/https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|archive-date=19 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Less than 600 West African migrants remain in Antigua {{!}} Loop Caribbean News|url=https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910051756/https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|archive-date=10 September 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Loop News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-07|title=The migrants stranded on an island they had not heard of|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822235248/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|archive-date=22 August 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=BBC News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-02-11|title=Antigua Government says no automatic citizenship for stranded Africans|url=https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423182748/https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=CNW Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{main|Africa–China relations}}

==== Africa–China relations ====
Yaɣ'yini din daabiligu be tooni [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC). [[Forum on China–Africa Cooperation]] nyɛla daabiligu balibu noiŋbu Africa tiŋgbana ni mini China.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|pages=56|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tum FOCAC zaŋ gɔhi taba ni yuuni 2012, African Union gab nyɛla din tim nuu ni tabi-sɔŋ ni, amaa  Africantingbana din be FOCAC na kuli nyɛla din zani ti di maŋa sahakam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|page=57|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Africa–EU relations ====
Zaŋ jendi European Commission polo, European Union's biɛhigu ni Africa nyɛla din kpa talahi. Tooni ha Africa-EU laɣim tum niya ni European Commission mini European External Action Service nyɛla din kahigi Joint Communication ni &quot;Towards a Comprehensive Strategy with Africa&quot;. Di buɣisila laɣim tum ni:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|date=2020-11-03|title=Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085246/https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=International Partnerships - European Commission|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 52020JC0004 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516184133/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|archive-date=16 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=eur-lex.europa.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Green Transition and Energy Access
* Digital Transformation
* Sustainable Growth and Jobs&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mobilising Investments for African structural sustainable transformation {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513082259/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|archive-date=13 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Strengthening Resilience, Peace, Security and Governance {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085847/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Peace, Security and Governance&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot; /&gt;
* Migration and Mobility&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Migration and mobility {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085848/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Lahabali_kɔligu:Eritrea_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg|thumb|[[South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011]]]]
In response to the ongoing [[Darfur conflict]] in Sudan, the AU has deployed 7,000 peacekeepers, many from Rwanda and Nigeria, to [[Darfur]]. While a donor's conference in Addis Ababa in 2005 helped raise funds to sustain the peacekeepers through that year and into 2006, in July 2006 the AU said it would pull out at the end of September when its mandate expires.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=28 June 2006|title=AU Darfur mission 'to end soon'|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826204932/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|archive-date=26 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Critics of the AU peacekeepers, including [[Eric Reeves]], have said these forces are largely ineffective due to lack of funds, personnel, and expertise. Monitoring a large area has made it even more difficult to sustain an effective mission. In June 2006, the [[United States Congress]] appropriated US$173&amp;nbsp;million for the AU force. Some, such as the [[Genocide Intervention Network]], have called for UN or [[NATO]] intervention to augment and/or replace the AU peacekeepers. The UN has considered deploying a force, though it would not likely enter the country until at least October 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Security Council Authorises Deployment of United Nations-African Union 'Hybrid' Peace Operation in Bid To Resolve Darfur Conflict|url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc9089.doc.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815184454/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/sc9089.doc.htm|archive-date=15 August 2007|access-date=26 November 2012|publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; The under-funded and badly equipped AU mission was set to expire on 31 December 2006 but was extended to 30 June 2007 and merged with the [[United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur]] in October 2007. In July 2009 the African Union ceased cooperation with the [[International Criminal Court]], refusing to recognise the international arrest warrant it had issued against Sudan's leader, [[Omar al-Bashir]], who was indicted in 2008 for [[War crime|war crimes]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=5 July 2009|title=African move on Bashir dismissed|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225224733/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The AU struggled to have a strategic role in the independence talks and the reconciliation process of [[South Sudan]], due to overwhelming interests of African and non-African powers, its influence is still limited and not consistent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Sulaiman|first=Abubkar o.|author2=Agoha, Ifeanyi Chuckwu|date=1 October 2013|title=South Sudan Negotiated Independence: A Critique of African Union's Role|journal=European Journal of Sustainable Development|volume=2|issue=3|pages=145–154|bibcode=2013EJSD....2..145S|doi=10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n3p145|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Clear}}

== Economy ==
{{main|Economy of the African Union}}

[[African Continental Free Trade Area|African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)]] nyɛla bɛ ni daa piligi shɛli ni tiŋgbana pihinu ni anahi tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu maa puuni ka di daabilim nyɛ din daa piligi Silimiin goli January dahin yini yuuni 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shendruk|first=Amanda|date=2020-12-31|title=The world's largest free trade area starts up on Jan. 1, 2021|url=https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|access-date=2021-01-04|website=Quartz|language=en|archive-date=4 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104075017/https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[African Export–Import Bank]], nyɛla din yɛn tabi sɔŋ ka bɛ piligi [[Pan-African Payment and Settlement System]]..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |title=Profile: African Union |date=1 July 2006 |access-date=10 July 2006 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060712034155/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |archive-date=12 July 2006 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Clear}}
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]]
(km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|title=The World Bank DataBank {{!}} Explore. Create. Share|website=databank.worldbank.org|access-date=4 February 2017|archive-date=7 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107162640/http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[List of countries by population|Population]]
{{UN_Population|Year}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |title=2015 Human Development Report |last=Office |first=Human Development Report |website=report.hdr.undp.org |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211223435/http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016 |title=The Fragile States Index 2016 {{!}} The Fund for Peace|website=fsi.fundforpeace.org|access-date=12 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204213240/http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016|archive-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2016 |last=e.V. |first=Transparency International |newspaper=transparency.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=30 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170130045244/http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/index/ |title=Index of Economic Freedom: Promoting Economic Opportunity and Prosperity by Country |website=www.heritage.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=29 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629215405/http://www.heritage.org/index/ |url-status=unfit }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016 |title=Vision of Humanity |website=static.visionofhumanity.org |access-date=12 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213091208/http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016|archive-date=13 February 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Press Freedom Index|WPFI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://rsf.org/en/ranking|title=2016 World Press Freedom Index {{!}} Reporters Without Borders|newspaper=RSF|access-date=12 February 2017|archive-date=1 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201195036/https://rsf.org/en/ranking|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |title=Democracy Index 2016 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224070253/http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |archive-date=24 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Country|Algeria}}
|2,381,741
|{{UN_Population|Algeria}}
|548,293,085,686
|13,823
|0.736
|78.3
|34
|50.06
|2.21
|41.69
|3.56
|-
|{{Country|Angola}}
|1,246,700
|{{UN_Population|Angola}}
|173,593,223,667
|6,938
|0.532
|90.5
|18
|48.94
|2.14
|39.89
|3.40
|-
|{{Country|Benin}}
|112,760
|{{UN_Population|Benin}}
|21,016,184,357
|1,932
|0.48
|78.9
|36
|59.31
|2.00
|28.97
|5.67
|-
|{{Country|Botswana}}
|566,730
|{{UN_Population|Botswana}}
|33,657,545,969
|14,876
|0.698
|63.5
|60
|71.07
|1.64
|22.91
|7.87
|-
|{{Country|Burkina Faso}}
|273,600
|{{UN_Population|Burkina Faso}}
|28,840,666,622
|1,593
|0.402
|89.4
|42
|59.09
|2.06
|22.66
|4.70
|-
|{{Country|Burundi}}
|25,680
|{{UN_Population|Burundi}}
|7,634,578,343
|300
|0.4
|100.7
|20
|53.91
|2.50
|54.10
|2.40
|-
|{{Country|Cape Verde}}
|4,030
|{{UN_Population|Cape Verde}}
|3,205,197,585
|6,158
|0.646
|71.5
|59
|66.46
|N/A
|19.82
|7.94
|-
|{{Country|Cameroon}}
|472,710
|{{UN_Population|Cameroon}}
|68,302,439,597
|2,926
|0.512
|97.8
|26
|54.18
|2.36
|40.53
|3.46
|-
|{{Country|Central African Republic}}
|622,980
|{{UN_Population|Central African Republic}}
|2,847,726,468
|581
|0.35
|112.1
|20
|45.23
|3.35
|33.60
|1.61
|-
|{{Country|Chad}}
|1,259,200
|{{UN_Population|Chad}}
|28,686,194,920
|2,044
|0.392
|110.1
|20
|46.33
|2.46
|40.59
|1.50
|-
|{{Country|Comoros}}
|1,861
|{{UN_Population|Comoros}}
|1,098,546,195
|1,393
|0.503
|83.8
|24
|52.35
|N/A
|24.33
|3.71
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Democratic Republic of the}}
|2,267,050
|{{UN_Population|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|56,920,935,460
|300
|0.433
|
|21
|46.38
|3.11
|50.97
|1.93
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Republic of the}}
|341,500
|{{UN_Population|Congo}}
|27,690,345,067
|5,993
|0.591
|92.2
|20
|42.80
|2.25
|35.84
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Djibouti}}
|23,180
|{{UN_Population|Djibouti}}
|2,911,406,226
|3,279
|0.47
|89.7
|30
|55.96
|2.29
|70.90
|2.83
|-
|{{Country|Egypt}}
|1,010,407
|{{UN_Population|Egypt}}
|1,173,000,000,000
|10,250
|0.69
|90.2
|34
|55.96
|2.57
|54.45
|3.31
|-
|{{Country|Equatorial Guinea}}
|28,050
|{{UN_Population|Equatorial Guinea}}
|32,317,928,931
|38,243
|0.587
|85.2
|N/A
|43.67
|1.94
|66.47
|1.70
|-
|{{Country|Eritrea}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |title=Eritrea |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121011902/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|101,000
|{{UN_Population|Eritrea}}
|8,845,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.391
|98.6
|18
|42.7
|2.46
|83.92
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Eswatini}}
|17,204
|{{UN_Population|Eswatini}}
|10,452,834,007
|8,122
|0.531
|87.6
|N/A
|59.65
|2.07
|52.37
|3.03
|-
|{{Country|Ethiopia}}
|1,104,300
|{{UN_Population|Ethiopia}}
|152,057,290,468
|1,530
|0.442
|97.2
|34
|51.52
|2.28
|45.13
|3.60
|-
|{{Country|Gabon}}
|257,670
|{{UN_Population|Gabon}}
|32,539,376,597
|18,860
|0.684
|72
|35
|58.96
|2.03
|32.20
|3.74
|-
|{{Country|Gambia, The}}
|10,120
|{{UN_Population|Gambia}}
|3,140,820,062
|1,578
|0.441
|86.8
|26
|57.14
|2.09
|46.53
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Ghana}}
|227,540
|{{UN_Population|Ghana}}
|108,393,071,924
|3,955
|0.579
|71.2
|43
|63.00
|1.81
|17.95
|6.75
|-
|{{Country|Guinea}}
|245,720
|{{UN_Population|Guinea}}
|14,316,884,358
|1,135
|0.411
|103.8
|27
|53.33
|2.15
|33.08
|3.14
|-
|{{Country|Guinea-Bissau}}
|28,120
|{{UN_Population|Guinea-Bissau}}
|2,521,743,682
|1,367
|0.42
|99.8
|16
|51.81
|2.26
|29.03
|1.98
|-
|{{Country|Ivory Coast}}
|318,000
|{{UN_Population|Ivory Coast}}
|74,916,780,423
|3,300
|0.462
|97.9
|34
|60.01
|2.28
|30.17
|3.81
|-
|{{Country|Kenya}}
|569,140
|{{UN_Population|Kenya}}
|133,592,522,053
|2,901
|0.548
|98.3
|26
|57.51
|2.38
|31.16
|5.33
|-
|{{Country|Lesotho}}
|30,360
|{{UN_Population|Lesotho}}
|5,914,437,068
|2,770
|0.497
|80.9
|39
|50.62
|1.94
|28.78
|6.59
|-
|{{Country|Liberia}}
|96,320
|{{UN_Population|Liberia}}
|3,533,313,381
|500
|0.43
|95.5
|37
|52.19
|2.00
|30.71
|5.31
|-
|{{Country|Libya}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya/ |title=Libya |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109235257/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,759,540
|{{UN_Population|Libya}}
|94,010,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|14,900&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.724
|96.4
|14
|N/A
|3.20
|57.89
|2.25
|-
|{{Country|Madagascar}}
|581,800
|{{UN_Population|Madagascar}}
|33,354,200,458
|1,376
|0.51
|84.2
|26
|61.06
|1.76
|27.04
|5.07
|-
|{{Country|Malawi}}
|94,280
|{{UN_Population|Malawi}}
|19,137,290,349
|1,112
|0.445
|87.6
|31
|51.8
|1.82
|28.12
|5.55
|-
|{{Country|Mali}}
|1,220,190
|{{UN_Population|Mali}}
|33,524,899,739
|1,905
|0.419
|95.2
|32
|56.54
|2.49
|39.83
|5.70
|-
|{{Country|Mauritania}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |title=Mauritania |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=7 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107034713/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,030,700
|{{UN_Population|Mauritania}}
|16,190,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|4,400&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.506
|95.4
|27
|54.8
|2.30
|24.03
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Mauritius}}
|2,030
|{{UN_Population|Mauritius}}
|23,817,914,134
|18,864
|0.777
|43.2
|54
|74.73
|1.56
|27.69
|8.28
|-
|{{Country|Morocco}}
|446,300
|{{UN_Population|Morocco}}
|257,398,957,178
|7,365
|0.628
|74.2
|37
|61.27
|2.09
|42.64
|4.77
|-
|{{Country|Mozambique}}
|786,380
|{{UN_Population|Mozambique}}
|31,326,751,237
|1,120
|0.416
|87.8
|27
|53.19
|1.96
|30.25
|4.02
|-
|{{Country|Namibia}}
|823,290
|{{UN_Population|Namibia}}
|24,043,436,006
|9,778
|0.628
|71.1
|52
|61.85
|1.87
|15.15
|6.31
|-
|{{Country|Niger}}
|1,266,700
|{{UN_Population|Niger}}
|17,857,377,171
|897
|0.348
|98.4
|35
|54.26
|2.24
|24.62
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Nigeria}}
|910,770
|{{UN_Population|Nigeria}}
|1,168,000,000,000
|5,639
|0.514
|103.5
|28
|57.46
|2.88
|35.90
|4.50
|-
|{{Country|Rwanda}}
|24,670
|{{UN_Population|Rwanda}}
|19,216,033,048
|1,655
|0.483
|91.3
|54
|63.07
|2.32
|54.61
|3.07
|-
|{{Country|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|960
|{{UN_Population|Sao Tome and Principe}}
|575,391,345
|3,023
|0.555
|72.9
|46
|56.71
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Senegal}}
|192,530
|{{UN_Population|Senegal}}
|34,398,281,018
|2,274
|0.466
|83.6
|45
|58.09
|1.98
|27.99
|6.21
|-
|{{Country|Seychelles}}
|460
|{{UN_Population|Seychelles}}
|2,384,515,771
|25,525
|0.772
|60.2
|N/A
|62.2
|N/A
|30.60
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sierra Leone}}
|72,180
|{{UN_Population|Sierra Leone}}
|9,511,431,824
|1,474
|0.413
|91
|30
|52.31
|1.81
|29.94
|4.55
|-
|{{Country|Somalia}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/ |title=Somalia |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=1 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701190026/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|627,340
|{{UN_Population|Somalia}}
|5,900,000,000&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|114
|10
|N/A
|3.41
|65.35
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|South Africa}}
|1,213,090
|{{UN_Population|South Africa}}
|742,461,000,000
|12,393
|0.666
|69.9
|45
|61.9
|2.32
|21.92
|7.41
|-
|{{Country|South Sudan}}
|619,745
|{{UN_Population|South Sudan}}
|21,484,823,398
|1,741
|0.467
|113.8
|11
|N/A
|3.59
|44.87
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sudan}}
|1,886,086
|{{UN_Population|Sudan}}
|165,813,461,495
|4,121
|0.479
|111.5
|14
|N/A
|3.27
|72.53
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Tanzania}}
|885,800
|{{UN_Population|United Republic of Tanzania}}
|130,297,806,032
|2,510
|0.521
|81.8
|32
|58.46
|1.90
|28.65
|5.76
|-
|{{Country|Togo}}
|54,390
|{{UN_Population|Togo}}
|10,018,697,437
|1,372
|0.484
|85.8
|32
|53.64
|1.95
|30.31
|3.32
|-
|{{Country|Tunisia}}
|155,360
|{{UN_Population|Tunisia}}
|121,200,025,401
|10,770
|0.721
|74.6
|41
|57.55
|1.95
|31.60
|6.40
|-
|{{Country|Uganda}}
|200,520
|{{UN_Population|Uganda}}
|67,856,334,117
|1,738
|0.483
|97.7
|25
|59.26
|2.15
|32.58
|5.26
|-
|{{Country|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 June 2007 |title=Western Sahara |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|266,000
|{{UN_Population|Western Sahara}}
|906,500,000&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2,500&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Zambia}}
|743,390
|{{UN_Population|Zambia}}
|58,400,082,027
|3,602
|0.586
|86.3
|38
|58.79
|1.78
|35.08
|5.99
|-
|{{Country|Zimbabwe}}
|386,850
|{{UN_Population|Zimbabwe}}
|26,180,942,292
|500
|0.509
|100.5
|22
|38.23
|2.32
|40.41
|3.05
|-
|'''{{noflag|African Union}}'''
|30,370,000
|{{UN_Population|Africa}}
|5,457,724,064,668
|4,602
|0.524&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|88.99&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|31.51&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|55.55&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2.27
|37.89
|4.30
|-
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]] (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015
![[List of countries by population|Population]] {{UN_Population|Year}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016
![[Reporters Without Borders|WPFI]]
2016
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016
|}

== Lihimi m-pahi ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Africa Adaptation Initiative]]
* [[African Century]]
* [[African Peer Review Mechanism]]
* [[African Renaissance]]
* [[African Standby Force]]
* [[African Unification Front]]
* [[Africanisation]]
* [[Central Asian Union]]
* [[East African Federation]]
* [[Ezulwini agreement]]
* [[Friends of the African Union]]
* [[Indigenous peoples of Africa]]
* [[List of country groupings]]
* [[List of multilateral free-trade agreements]]
* [[Climate adaptation|Prevention of environmental migration]]
* [[Pan-Africanism]]
* [[Pan-African Women's Organization]]
{{div col end}}

== Noosi ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==Kundivihira==
=== Sources ===
{{Reflist}}

=== General and cited references ===
{{Library resources box}}
* [https://web.archive.org</text>
      <sha1>4odue505u12ojx56pv2iho3t7r27taa</sha1>
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        <id>5829</id>
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      <text bytes="97734" sha1="ie6khko9qnzvq5ip3pm9844yjeofwt7" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Continental union of African states}}
{{For|the predecessor organisation|Organisation of African Unity}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox geopolitical organisation
| conventional_long_name = African Union
| native_name            = {{Name in various languages
 | name = {{nobold|''(in other official languages)''}}
 | ar = الاتحاد الأفريقي
 | fr = Union africaine
 | pt = União Africana
 | es = Unión Africana
 | sw = Umoja wa Afrika
 }}
| linking_name           = the African Union
| image_flag             = Flag of the African Union.svg
| alt_flag               = Flag of the African Union
| alt_symbol             = 
| symbol_width           = 85px
| motto                  = &quot;A United and Strong Africa&quot;
| anthem                 = &quot;[[Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html |title=African Union anthem, etc |publisher=Africamasterweb.com |access-date=26 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915041714/http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html | archive-date=15 September 2015 | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{center|}}{{Align|center| |style=margin-top:0em}}
| image_map              = Map of the African Union with Suspended States.svg
| alt_map                = An [[Orthographic projection (cartography)|orthographic projection]] of [[Earth|the world]], highlighting the African Union and its member states (green).
| map_width              = 220px
| map_caption            = {{legend2|#2A5C2B|Member states}}&lt;br /&gt;{{legend2|#00D500|Suspended states}}
| org_type               = [[Continental union]]
| membership_type        = Membership
| membership             = {{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
 |title = [[Member states of the African Union|55 member states]]
|{{flag|Algeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Angola|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Benin|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Botswana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Burkina Faso|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp|Suspended}}
|{{flag|Burundi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cameroon|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cape Verde|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Central African Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Chad|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Comoros|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Djibouti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Egypt|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eritrea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eswatini|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ethiopia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Gabon|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Gambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ghana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Guinea|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ivory Coast|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kenya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Lesotho|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Liberia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Libya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Madagascar|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Malawi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mali|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Mauritania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mauritius|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Morocco|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mozambique|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Namibia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Niger|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Nigeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Rwanda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sahrawi Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Senegal|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Seychelles|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sierra Leone|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Somalia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Africa|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Sudan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sudan|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Tanzania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Togo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Tunisia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Uganda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zimbabwe|size=23px}}
}}
{{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
|title = 9 observer states
|{{flag|Haiti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kazakhstan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Latvia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mexico|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Palestine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Serbia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Turkey|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ukraine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates|size=23px}}
}}
| admin_center_type      = Political centres
| admin_center           = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Addis Ababa]]&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;}} |{{nowrap|[[Johannesburg]]&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;}}}}
| largest_settlement_type = urban agglomerations
| largest_city           = 
| largest_settlement     = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Cairo]]}} |{{nowrap|[[Lagos]]}}}}
| languages_type         = Official languages
| languages              = {{hlist | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] | [[English language|English]] | [[French language|French]] | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]]  | [[Swahili language|Swahili]] | and any other [[Languages of Africa|African language]]&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;}}
| demonym                = African
| leader_title1          = [[Chairperson of the African Union|Chairperson]]
| leader_name1           = [[João Lourenço]]
| leader_title2          = [[Chairperson of the African Union Commission|Commission Chairperson]]
| leader_name2           = [[Mahamoud Ali Youssouf]]
| leader_title3          = [[Pan-African Parliament#Presidents of the Pan-African Parliament|Parliamentary President]]
| leader_name3           = [[Fortune Z. Charumbira]]
| legislature            = [[Pan-African Parliament]]
| established_event1     = [[Organisation of African Unity|OAU Charter]]
| established_date1      = 25 May 1963
| established_event2     = [[Abuja Treaty]]
| established_date2      = 3 June 1991
| established_event3     = [[Sirte Declaration]]
| established_date3      = 9 September 1999
| established_event4     = African Union founded
| established_date4      = {{start date and age|2002|07|09}}
| established_event5     = [[History of South Sudan|Admission of]] [[South Sudan]]
| established_date5      = 9 July 2011
| established_event6     = [[Member states of the African Union|Admission of]] [[Morocco]]
| established_date6      = 31 January 2017
| established_event7     = [[African Continental Free Trade Area]] (AfCFTA)
| established_date7      = 1 January 2021
| area_km2               = 29,922,059&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2016&quot;&gt;Corresponds to the terrestrial surface. Including the [[Exclusive Economic Zones]] of each member state, the total area is 43 434 569&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 1,494,988,668{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $8.990 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO/WEOWORLD/IDN/AFQ.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668%2C672%2C612%2C614%2C674%2C676%2C678%2C682%2C684%2C638%2C686%2C688%2C616%2C728%2C748%2C618%2C624%2C692%2C694%2C622%2C626%2C628%2C632%2C636%2C634%2C662%2C611%2C714%2C716%2C469%2C722%2C642%2C643%2C718%2C724%2C734%2C644%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C652%2C732%2C656%2C654%2C738%2C742%2C744%2C746%2C664%2C754%2C666%2C698&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |access-date=8 February 2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714135232/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668,672,612,614,674,676,678,682,684,638,686,688,616,728,748,618,624,692,694,622,626,628,632,636,634,662,611,714,716,469,722,642,643,718,724,734,644,726,646,199,648,733,652,732,656,654,738,742,744,746,664,754,666,698&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,LP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion|Excluding Western Sahara due to lack of data}}
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2024
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $6,330&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal            = {{decrease}} $2.81 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion}}
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2024
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{decrease}} $1,960&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.577
| HDI_year               = 2020
| cctld                  = [[.africa]]
| footnotes              = {{unbulleted list |&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[African Union Commission]]. |&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[Pan-African Parliament]].}}
| official_website       = {{URL|https://au.int}}
| area_rank              = 
| today                  = 
}}

'''African Union''' ('''AU''') nyɛla tiŋgbani bɔbugu laɣingu zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu&lt;ref name=&quot;UIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100033436 |url-access= |title=African Union (AU) |author1=Staff writer |year=2025 |department=UIA Global Civil Society Database |website=uia.org |publisher=[[Union of International Associations]] |agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online |location=Brussels, Belgium |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date=8 January 2025 |via= |quote= |trans-quote= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Member States AU-UN |url=https://www.africanunion-un.org/memberstates |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka nyɛ din be [[Africa]]. AU nyɛla bɛ ni daa niŋ shɛli laɣngu Sirte Declaration din be Sirte, Libya Silimiin goli September yuuni 1999, ka bɛ niya daa nyɛ bɛ kpa African Union. Bɛ daa piligi li Silimiin goli July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002  Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_&amp;_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union,%209%20July%202002.htm |title=Launch of the African Union, 9 July 2002: Address by the chairperson of the AU, President Thabo Mbeki |first=Thabo |last=Mbeki |date=9 July 2002 |publisher=africa-union.org |location=ABSA Stadium, Durban, South Africa |access-date=8 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503210549/http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_%26_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union%2C%209%20July%202002.htm |archive-date=3 May 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ daa mali lala niya ni AU nyɛla di ni tooi zani Organisation of African Unity (OAU) zani, di nyɛla bɛ ni daa kpa shɛli Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1963 ka di ni daa piligi shɛli nyɛ Addis Ababa, gomnantinima pihita ni ayi nyɛ ban daa dihi bɛ nuhi gbana zuɣu zaŋ n-ti li; OAU ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa kari shɛli Silimiin goli  July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002 Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;/&gt; 

African Union ŋɔ nyɛla din mali salo ban kalinli gari 1.3 &quot;billion&quot; ka di tiŋgbani galisim paai kamani  {{convert|30|e6km2|e6sqmi|sigfig=2|abbr=unit}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Manboah-Rockson |first1=Joseph |title=Politics &amp; the Struggle for Democracy in Ghana: An Introduction to Political Science |date=23 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Balli shɛŋa din be di ni nyɛ  Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, n-ti pahi Swahili.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://au.int/en/about/languages |title=AU Languages |access-date=2 May 2021 |publisher=African Union |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407001442/https://au.int/en/about/languages |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

G20 (Group of 20) laɣingu din daa niŋ New Delhi, [[India]] yuuni 2023, African Union nyɛla ban daa kpɛ G20.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=September 9, 2023 |title=African Union made permanent member of G20 at Delhi summit |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/09/african-union-made-permanent-member-of-g20-at-delhi-summit |access-date=December 12, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Overview ==
African Union niyanima n-nyɛ:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Constitutive Act|url=https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415235637/https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|archive-date=15 April 2020|access-date=2 May 2021|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;

# Di ʒi nangbanyini din mali yaa na, taba laɣimbu ni Africa tinsi mini [[Africa|African]] tingbana taba puu biɛri taba zuɣu.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi maŋsulinsi, tiŋgbana taba shebu ni tiŋgbani din kam be din ni maŋsulinsi.
# Ni di kpaŋsi siyaasa mini biɛhigu-daabiligu laɣimbu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋgbana taba sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 November 2024|title=Evolution of Geopolitical Dynamics in Africa|url=https://www.guambia.com.uy/67/evolution-of-geopolitical-dynamics-in-africa/2312/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=Guambia}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The New Power Play in Africa: Russia, China, and the Shifting Sands of Influence|url=https://kcsgroup.com/the-new-power-play-in-africa-russia-china-and-the-shifting-sands-of-influence/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=KCS Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ni di kpaŋsi ka gu ka taɣi [[Africa|African]] zaashee zaŋ chaŋ bɛ suhuyurilim polo di tiŋgbani yaɣa mini di niriba sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi daabiligu tiŋgban sunsuuni, ka mali Charter of the United Nations mini Universal Declaration of Human Rights tumdi tuma.
# Ni di kpaŋsi suhudoo, niriba gubu, ni tiŋgbani yaɣa zanibu chibi.
# Ni di kmpaŋsi maŋsulinsi zalisi, ni gɔmnanti tali din niŋ dede.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi ninsalinima mini niriba fukumsi din be African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights ni mini &quot;human rights instruments&quot; yaɣa din niŋ talahi.
# Ni di zali zalisi din kpa talahi ka che ka tiŋgbani yaɣa maa tumdi di tuma dunia daabiligu ni ni shaawara gbaabu tiŋgbana sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim din nyɛ soha-biɛɣuni dini zaŋti daabiligu,biɛhigu ni kaya ni taɣada biɛhigu ni Africa daabiligu yaɣa zaŋ laɣim taba.
# Ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ninsalisili yaɣa kam n duhi biɛri suŋ Africanima sunsuuni.
# To coordinate and harmonise the policies between the existing and future Regional Economic Communities for the gradual attainment of the objectives of the Union.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim tiŋgbana yaɣa maa ni din dalim vihigu niŋbu, di bahi bahindi tabiibi mini tabiibi zaŋ tum tuma.
# Ni di mini tiŋgbana laɣim tum n-kpihim dɔriti din mali taɣibu mini alaafee kpaŋsibu tiŋgbana ni.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm Africa-union.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604051527/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm|date=4 June 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
{{Main|History of the African Union|History of Africa}}

African Union taarihi pilila &quot;'''First Congress of Independent African States&quot;''', din daa niŋ [[Accra]], [[Ghana]] bini din gbaai Anashaara goli April biɛɣu pinaanu zaŋ chaŋ biɛɣu pishinaayi yuuni 1958. Laɣingu maa niya daa nyɛla di kpa Africa Day, n-ti tabili Organisation of African Unity (OAU), din daa kpa Anashaara goli May biɛɣu pishinaanu yuuni 1963, ni [[African Economic Community]] yuuni 1991.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210205406/http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may|date=10 December 2018}} South African History Online (SAHO), 15 May 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ansarisi maaniba daa ŋme nangbankpeeni ni OAU ka nuu timbu shɛli ninsalilnima fukumsi ni .&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2115736&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Reynolds|first=Paul|date=8 July 2002|title=African Union replaces dictators' club|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601025542/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|archive-date=1 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tɛha din tahi AU kpabu na nyɛla din daa labi niŋ nyɛvuli 1990s sunsuuni Libyan tiŋgbani zuɣulana Muammar al-Gaddafi saha;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Adebajo|first=Adekeye|date=2011-08-26|title=Gaddafi: the man who would be king of Africa|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011605/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Guardian|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbana zuɣulana mini kpɛma zaŋti OAU daa yina ni Sirte Declaration (bɛ ni daa zaŋ Sirte, Libya yuli boli shɛli) Anashaara goli September dabaa awɔi yuuni 1999, ka daa ŋmeri kuŋ bɔri African Union nambu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-12-05|title=The African Union After Gaddafi|url=http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410172928/http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|archive-date=10 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 10, 2001|title=African leaders elect OAU boss|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414032647/https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-08-27|title=New Partnership for Africa's Development – NEPAD {{!}} Poverty Eradication|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419153619/https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html|archive-date=19 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=www.un.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

African Union suuna daa niŋla Durban Anashaara goli July dabaa awɔi yuuni 2002 ni di tuuli ʒia kuɣulana, South Africa tiŋgbani zuɣulana kuro [[Thabo Mbeki]], Assembly of the African Union tuuli yaɣili ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-11-18|title=The African Union is launched|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416010303/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|archive-date=16 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=Africa Renewal|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Assembly yaɣili din pahiri ayi daa niŋla Maputo yuuni 2003 ka din pahiri ata daa niŋ Addis Ababa Anashaara goli July dabaa ayɔbu yuuni 2004.

Tum yuuni 2010, African Union daa mali niya ni di kpa &quot;African space agency&quot; laɣim taba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=5 September 2010|title=Africa prepares to join the big boys in the space race|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116213335/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|archive-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=6 September 2012|title=Sudanese president calls for African space agency|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102203403/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|archive-date=2 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=11 September 2012|title=Africa eyes joint space agency|url=http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021070210/http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|archive-date=21 October 2013|access-date=21 October 2013|publisher=Phys.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Ezigbo|first1=Onyebuchi|last2=Okpara|first2=Lois|date=9 August 2010|title=AU to Establish African Space Agency|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212084442/http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|archive-date=12 February 2014|access-date=11 December 2015|publisher=All Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Barack Obama n daa nyɛ tuuli United States tiŋgbani zuɣulana ŋun ʒi gbana ni ka di alizama African Union ni Addis Ababa Anashaara goli July biɛɣu pihita yini ka dali yuuni 2015. O daa alizama dibu ni, o daa kpaŋsiya ni dunisnims laɣindi niŋdi daabiligu ka tabiri sɔŋdi shikuru baŋsim tooni chandi ni, ni lɛbiginsim mini dahi yɛligibu. Amaa, o daa lahi galim suhuyurilim ni ka tiŋgbani shɛŋa ni mini gɔmnantinima ban zaɣisi sheebu ni, ban bi galisi gaŋbu (n-ti tabili ninuɣ'shɛba ban be LGBT ni, adiininima mini laɣinsi zuliyanima ni) ni kɔriŋ fahili.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Carol E.|date=28 July 2015|title=Obama Becomes First U.S. President to Address African Union|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|url-status=live|access-date=29 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729094216/http://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|archive-date=29 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 July 2015|title=Remarks by President Obama to the People of Africa|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120220442/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|archive-date=20 January 2017|access-date=29 July 2015|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|via=[[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Treaties ===
{{AU evolution timeline}}

== Siyaasa ==

:
; Financial institutions

* African Central Bank – [[Abuja]], Nigeria
* African Investment Bank – Tripoli, Libya
* African Monetary Fund – Yaoundé, Cameroon

Lala tuma duri ŋɔ na bi kpa; amaa, komitiinima ban be di kpabu ni nyɛla bɛ ni piigi shɛba. Lal n-nyɛli,  AU malila niya ni di diri laɣ'yini (Afro).

; Alaafee
: Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), daa kpala yuuni 2016 ka di suuna niŋ yuuni 2017. Di tuma du'zuɣuri be la Addis Ababa Ethiopia.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int-2017-01-31&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-01-31|title=Africa CDC Official Launch|url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630023917/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-date=30 June 2018|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb.int-2017-02-02&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-02-02|title=The African Union launches Africa CDC, a Continent-wide Public Health Agency|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180037/https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|work=[[Reliefweb]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc.gov-2017-07-27&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-07-27|title=Africa CDC: Improving Disease Detection and Emergency Response on the African Continent|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180936/https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Inspection visit to Africa CDC Headquarters building site|url=https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205114846/https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|archive-date=5 February 2022|access-date=2022-02-05|website=Africa CDC|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; Ninsalinima fukumsi
: African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, nyɛla din beni tum yuuni 1986, di be la African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights fukumsi ni (African Charter) amaa ka ni Constitutive Act of the African Union.
; Polo
: African Space Agency nyɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2023. Di tuma du'zuɣu be la Cairo.
; Yaa
: African Energy Commission daa nYɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2008, ka be Algiers.

=== Tiŋgbana din be din ni ===
{{Main|Member states of the African Union}}

UN member states din be Africa mini African islands zaa bela AU, ka nyɛ yaɣ'shɛli din tabi Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR). [[Morocco]] daa yila Organisation of African Unity ni yuuni 1984 ka di nyɛla SADR sulinsi ni ka di daa be, ka di tiŋgbani yaɣili Western Sahara daa zaŋli kpehi di maŋsulinsi ni.  AU daa lahi labi deei li Anashaara goli January biɛɣu pihita yuuni 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;worldbulletin&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=30 January 2017|title=Morocco rejoins African Union|publisher=Worldbulletin|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|url-status=usurped|access-date=31 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720013737/http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|archive-date=20 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Somaliland, din nyɛ [[Somalia]] ni deei shɛli, daa sabi gbaŋ ti ni di kpe AU yuuni 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nelson&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Nelson, Elizabeth A.|title=Regional Politics and State Secession|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|year=2021|isbn=978-1-83910-377-3|pages=105}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mali nyɛla bɛ nin daa naa yihi shɛba African Union ni saha biɛla sunsuuni Anashaara goli 19 August 2020 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu niŋ naai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=African Union suspends Mali following coup|work=Agence France-Presse, Reuters|publisher=Deutsche Welle|url=https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913003040/https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|archive-date=13 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anashaara goli 9 October lala yuuni ŋɔ yaha, [[Peace and Security Council]] zaŋti African Union daa paai lala yihibu fukumsi ŋɔ Mali zuɣi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union lifts Mali's suspension imposed in the wake of coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009202811/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|archive-date=9 October 2020|access-date=2020-10-09|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Bɛ daa lahi labi zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa tiŋgbani maa zuɣu Anashaara goli June dahin yini dali yuuni 2021, di sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu ni daa lahi niŋ chira awɔi sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2 June 2021|title=African Union announces 'immediate suspension' of Mali after second coup|work=France 24, Reuters, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912141924/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lala fukumsi ŋɔ daa pani Guinea gba zuɣu African Union ni ANashaara goli September biɛɣu pia dali yuuni 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣulana Alpha Condé.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=10 September 2021|title=African Union suspends Guinea after coup, as envoys arrive for talks|work=France 24, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912022912/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sudan gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pani shɛli zuɣu Anashaara goli 27 October 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmananti shee tiŋgbani zuɣulana Abdalla Hamdok.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union suspends Sudan over coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027130242/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|archive-date=27 October 2021|access-date=2021-10-27|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Burkina Faso gba nyɛla lala fukumsi ŋɔ ni daa pani shɛli zuɣu African Union ni bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu Anashaara goli 31 January 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AU suspends Burkina Faso after coup as envoys head for talks|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062926/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|archive-date=23 December 2022|access-date=2022-01-31|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nige gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛba zuɣu Anashaara goli 22 August 2023 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣula Mohamed Bazoum; tum din saha ka 2023 Nigerien crisis pili.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2023-08-22|title=African Union suspends participation of Niger following coup|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|url-status=live|access-date=2023-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906024202/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|archive-date=6 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gabon gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛli zuɣu 31 August 2023 bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmananti sheei Ali Bongo Ondimba nyaaŋa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Newspaper|first=The Peninsula|date=2023-08-31|title=African Union says to 'immediately suspend' Gabon after coup|url=https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902185942/http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|archive-date=2 September 2023|access-date=2023-08-31|website=thepeninsulaqatar.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{TOC limit|3}}


== Members ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{DZA}}
* {{AGO}}
* {{BEN}}
* {{BWA}}
* {{BFA}} (suspended)
* {{BDI}}
* {{CMR}}
* {{CPV}}
* {{CAF}}
* {{TCD}}
* {{COM}}
* {{COD}}
* {{COG}}
* {{DJI}}
* {{EGY}}
* {{GNQ}}
* {{ERI}}
* {{SWZ}}
* {{ETH}}
* {{GAB}}
* {{GMB}}
* {{GHA}}
* {{GIN}} (suspended)
* {{GNB}}
* {{CIV}}
* {{KEN}}
* {{LSO}}
* {{LBR}}
* {{LBY}}
* {{MDG}}
* {{MWI}}
* {{MLI}} (suspended)
* {{MRT}}
* {{MUS}}
* {{MAR}}
* {{MOZ}}
* {{NAM}}
* {{NER}} (suspended)
* {{NGA}}
* {{RWA}}
* {{SADR}}
* {{STP}}
* {{SEN}}
* {{SYC}}
* {{SLE}}
* {{SOM}}
* {{ZAF}}
* {{SSD}}
* {{SDN}} (suspended)
* {{TZA}}
* {{TGO}}
* {{TUN}}
* {{UGA}}
* {{ZMB}}
* {{ZWE}}
{{div col end}}

==== Observers ====
* {{HAI}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Haiti Will Not Join the African Union |url=https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |website=Haiti Hub |access-date=22 June 2023 |date=22 May 2016 |archive-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622142803/https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ISR}} (suspended as of February 2023)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|title=African Union says Israel's observer status suspended|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908195006/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |author=((i24NEWS)) |date=2022-02-06 |title=Israel dispute erupts at African Union summit |language=en |work=Ynetnews |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |access-date=2022-02-06 |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151241/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{KAZ}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstan's Observer status at the African Union: What Does It Mean for Africa? |url=https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=www.igd.org.za |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327081029/https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{LAT}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-01-11|url=http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|title=Latvia becomes observer to African Union|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia]]|website=www.mfa.gov.lv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918030201/http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|archive-date=18 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{MEX}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-06-18 |title=Chairperson Receives the Credentials of the First Permanent Observer of Mexico to the African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |website=au.int |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901115222/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|Palestine}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-05-27 |title=AU grants Palestine observer status |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |publisher=[[Egypt Independent]] |first=Fathya |last=el-Dakhakhni |website=egyptindependent.com |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=29 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229042151/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{SRB}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 January 2014|language=sr-latn|title=Mrkić na samitu u Adis Abebi|url=https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|website=b92.net|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=16 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071458/https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{TUR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-11 |title=What's driving Turkey's commercial &amp; military relations with Africa? |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en-US |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151227/https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{UKR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-06-22 |title=Ukraine has obtained the observer status in the African Union |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] |website=mfa.gov.ua |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071456/https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ARE}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chairperson Receives Credentials of the Permanent Observer of the United Arab Emirates. {{!}} African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=au.int |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151252/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== African Union tuma ====
{{Supranational African Bodies|align=right|size=500px}}Yuuni 1980 Lagos Plan of Action for the Development of Africa mini yuuni 1991 varisigu ni African Economic Community kpabu (bɛ ni lahi booni shɛli Abuja Treaty), daa yina ni tɛha din nyɛ Regional Economic Communities (RECs) kpabu ni niŋ binshɛli din yɛn laɣim Africa taba.&lt;ref&gt;See note on [https://web.archive.org/web/20040906140832/http://www.dfa.gov.za/docs/2003/au0815.htm The Role of the Regional Economic Communities (RECs) as the Building Blocks of the African Union] prepared by the South African Department of Foreign Affairs.&lt;/ref&gt;

Saha ŋɔ, RECs dibaa anii m-be AU. Din nima n-nyɛ:

* Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)
* Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
* Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)
* East African Community (EAC)
* Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS)
* Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
* Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
* Southern Africa Development Community (SADC)&lt;ref&gt;Decision on the Protocol on Relations between the African Union and the Regional Economic Communities (RECs), Assembly/AU/Dec.166 (IX).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=President of Mauritania Elected as New Chairperson of AU|url=https://www.ena.et/web/eng/w/eng_4033947}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of chairpersons ==
{{main|Chairperson of the African Union}}
[[File:Jakaya Kikwete and Muammar al-Gaddafi, 12th AU Summit, 090202-N-0506A-678.jpg|thumb|left|[[Muammar Gaddafi]] embracing Tanzanian President [[Jakaya Kikwete|Kikwete]] after assuming the chairmanship]]
{{Clear|left}}

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-valign=top
|+Chairpersons of the African Union
|-
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Name
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Beginning of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|End of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Country
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Thabo Mbeki]]
|9 July 2002
|10 July 2003
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Joaquim Chissano]]
|10 July 2003
|6 July 2004
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Olusegun Obasanjo]]
|6 July 2004
|24 January 2006
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]]
|24 January 2006
|24 January 2007
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[John Kufuor]]
|30 January 2007
|31 January 2008
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Jakaya Kikwete]]
|31 January 2008
|2 February 2009
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Muammar al-Gaddafi]]
|2 February 2009
|31 January 2010
|{{flagdeco|Libya|1977}} [[Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|Libya]]
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Bingu wa Mutharika]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE60U05O20100131l Gaddafi fails in bid to remain African Union chair], Reuters, 31 January 2010 {{Dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20111230205627/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g8cvj3048f4WEB6UQuim80MKqhVA Malawi president takes over as AU president], AFP, 31 January 2010&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2010
|31 January 2011
|{{flag|Malawi|2010}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography According to the AU] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006153642/http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography |date=6 October 2011 }}, his official style is ''Son Excellence Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Président de la République, Chef de l'État et Président Fondateur du Parti Démocratique de Guinée Equatoriale'' {{in lang|fr}}. Retrieved 4 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2011
|29 January 2012
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Yayi Boni]]
|29 January 2012
|27 January 2013
|{{flag|Benin}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Hailemariam Desalegn]]
|27 January 2013
|30 January 2014
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz]]
|30 January 2014
|30 January 2015
|{{flag|Mauritania|1959}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Robert Mugabe]]
|30 January 2015
|30 January 2016
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Idriss Déby]]
|30 January 2016
|30 January 2017
|{{flag|Chad}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Alpha Condé]]
|30 January 2017
|28 January 2018
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Paul Kagame]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |title=President Paul Kagame, Elected as New Chairperson of the African Union for the year 2018 - African Union |website=au.int |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205134722/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|28 January 2018
|10 February 2019
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]]
|10 February 2019
|10 February 2020
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |title=South Africa takes over as AU chair: What to expect |website=aljazeera.com |access-date=12 February 2020 |archive-date=12 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212104846/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|10 February 2020
|10 February 2021
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Félix Tshisekedi]]
|10 February 2021
|5 February 2022
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Macky Sall]]
|5 February 2022
|18 February 2023
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Azali Assoumani]]
|18 February 2023
|17 February 2024
|{{flag|Comoros}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Ghazouani]]
|17 February 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|}

=== African Union summits ===
[[File:Niger, Niamey, Boulevard Mali Béro (2)(Rue IB-56).jpg|thumb|300px|left|Billboard in Niamey (Niger) announcing the 33rd AU Summit (2019)]]
{{Clear}}
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
|-
!width=155px| Session
! Host country
! Host city
! Date
! Theme
! Notes
|-
| 37th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|17 February 2024|format=d}}–{{dts|18 February 2024}}|| &quot;Educate and Skill Africa for the 21st Century&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://au.int/en/summit/37 | title=African Union &amp;#124; an Integrated, Prosperous and Peaceful Africa }}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 36th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|18 February 2023|format=d}}–{{dts|19 February 2023}}|| || 
|-
| 35th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 February 2022|format=d}}–{{dts|6 February 2022}}|| ||
|-
| 34th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|6 February 2021|format=d}}–{{dts|7 February 2021}}|| ||
|-
| 33rd&lt;ref name=development&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|title=The 33rd AU Summit kicks off with the 39th Session of the Permanent Representatives Committee &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121172202/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|9 February 2020|format=d}}–{{dts|10 February 2020}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|title=33rd AU Summit : Online accreditation for Journalists now open &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203234748/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;||&quot;Silencing the guns: creating conducive conditions for Africa's development&quot;&lt;ref name=development /&gt;||Agreement for [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]] to become operational in July 2020.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore /&gt; Agreements to reduce gender gap and inequality and to &quot;silence guns&quot; on the continent.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|title=South African President Cyril Ramaphosa elected African Union Chairperson as continent vows to 'silence the guns', boost trade and close gender gap|work=Today News Africa|access-date=2 May 2021|date=9 February 2020|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216015953/https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 12th Extraordinary Summit on [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]]&lt;ref name=extra12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705085754/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Niger}}||[[Niamey]]|| {{dts|4 July 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2019}} || &quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot; || Launch of the [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]]
|- 
| 32nd&lt;ref name=&quot;summit32&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=32nd AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/32 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806201405/https://au.int/en/summit/32 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|10 February 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|11 February 2019}}||&quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot;||
|-
| 11th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra11&gt;{{cite web |title=11th Extraordinary Summit Summary of Key Decisions |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |website=African Union |access-date=22 January 2020 |date=18 November 2018 |archive-date=22 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122180323/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 November 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|18 November 2018}}|| || Agreement reached on reorganisation AU Commission&lt;ref name=extra11 /&gt;
|-
| 31st&lt;ref name=&quot;summit31&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=31st AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/31 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708203337/https://au.int/en/summit/31 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mauritania}}||[[Nouakchott]]|| {{dts|25 June 2018|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra10&gt;{{cite web |title=10th Extraordinary Session of the Assembly on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708005309/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]]|| {{dts|17 March 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|21 March 2018}}|| &quot;Creating One African Market&quot; || Agreement reached on the AfCFTA
|-
| 30th&lt;ref name=summit30&gt;{{cite web |title=30th AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/30 |access-date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=22 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322020614/https://au.int/en/summit/30 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|29 January 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 29th&lt;ref name=summit29&gt;{{cite web |title=29th AU summit |date=5 July 2017 |url=https://au.int/en/summit/29 |access-date=15 November 2017 |archive-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116034051/https://au.int/en/summit/29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 June 2017|format=dm}} – {{dts|4 July 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; ||
|-
| 28th&lt;ref name=summit28&gt;{{cite web |title=28th AU summit |date=30 January 2017 |url=https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |access-date=31 January 2017 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202063411/https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2017|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; || Morocco rejoins the AU after 33 years
|-
| 27th&lt;ref name=summit27&gt;{{cite web |title=27th AU summit |date=July 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=7 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007033940/http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]] || {{dts|10 July 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|18 July 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot; || Launch of [[African Union Passport]]
|-
| 26th&lt;ref name=summit26&gt;{{cite web |title=26th AU summit |date=January 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/26 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=29 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929114302/http://au.int/en/summit/26 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot;||
|-
| [[Third India-Africa Forum Summit]] || {{flag|India}} || [[New Delhi]] || {{dts|26 October 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|29 October 2015}} || &quot;Reinvigorated Partnership—Shared Vision&quot; ||
|-
| 25th&lt;ref name=summit25&gt;{{cite web |title=25th AU summit |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002150945/http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=25th African Union Summit in Johannesburg – African Union Commission media information |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215016/http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Johannesburg]] || {{dts|7 June 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|15 June 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; || Featured Angelina Jolie&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=A Call for Global Support in Ending Women's Violence Done by Angelina Jolie |publisher=Newwatch NGR |url=http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |website=newswatchngr.com |date=February 2016 |access-date=23 February 2016 |archive-date=23 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223171129/http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 24th&lt;ref name=summit24&gt;{{cite web |title=24th AU summit |date=January 2015 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624103215/http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-date=24 June 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–Turkey Summit|| {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|19 November 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|21 November 2014}}|| &quot;A New Model of Partnership to Enhance a Sustainable Development and Integration of Africa&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Second Turkey-Africa Partnership Summit |date=November 2014 |url=http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225225133/http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Africa Turkey 2014 |date=November 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095901/http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 23rd&lt;ref name=summit23&gt;{{cite web |title=23rd AU summit |date=June 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709071223/http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-date=9 July 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|20 June 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|27 June 2014}}|| &quot;Year of Agriculture and food security&quot; ||
|-
| 22nd&lt;ref name=summit22&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd AU summit |date=January 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214161520/http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-date=14 February 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd Ordinary Session of the Summit of the African Union |date=January 2014 |url=http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214002039/http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-date=14 February 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2014}}|| &quot;Year Agriculture and food security, Marking 10th Anniversary of the Adoption of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP)&quot; ||
|-
| Extraordinary Summit on the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&lt;ref name=summiticc&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Extraordinary Summit on ICC |date=October 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220184942/http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-date=20 December 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]
| {{dts|11 October 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|12 October 2013}}|| &quot;Africa's Relationship with the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&quot; || This was in regards to the ICC's non-adherence to AU calls to drop certain charges against sitting leaders and claims that it was disproportionally targeting Africans.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |title=Kenya pushing for African split from International Criminal Court |newspaper=[[Irish Times]] |access-date=30 January 2014 |archive-date=28 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928170024/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 21st&lt;ref name=summit21&gt;{{cite web |title=21st AU summit |date=May 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701003301/http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-date=1 July 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|19 May 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|27 May 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; || 50th Anniversary of the Establishment of the [[Organisation of African Unity]]
|-
| 20th&lt;ref name=summit20&gt;{{cite web |title=20th AU summit |date=January 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509094507/http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-date=9 May 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 January 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|28 January 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; ||
|-
| Diaspora Summit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Global Africa Diaspora Summit |date=May 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916162142/http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-date=16 September 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Sandton, South Africa|Sandton]] || {{dts|23 May 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2012}}|| &quot;Towards the Realisation of a United and Integrated Africa and Its Diaspora&quot; ||
|-
| 19th&lt;ref name=summit19&gt;{{cite web |title=19th African Union (AU) Summit to be held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |date=June 2012 |url=http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002164755/http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|9 July 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|16 July 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| 18th&lt;ref name=summit18&gt;{{cite web |title=18th AU summit |date=January 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614120243/http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-date=14 June 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| [[17th Ordinary African Union Summit|17th]]&lt;ref name=summit17&gt;{{cite web |title=17th AU summit |date=June 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095847/http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{nowrap|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|23 June 2011|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2011}}|| &quot;Youth Empowerment for Sustainable Development&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–India Summit || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|20 May 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2011}}|| &quot;Enhancing partnership: shared vision&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=2nd Africa-India Forum Summit |date=May 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331174105/http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia |archive-date=31 March 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 16th&lt;ref name=summit16&gt;{{cite web |title=16th African Union summit |date=January 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090533/http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|24 January 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2011}}|| &quot;Towards Greater Unity and Integration through Shared Values&quot; ||
|-
| 15th&lt;ref name=summit15&gt;{{cite web |title=15th African Union summit |date=July 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909081209/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-date=9 September 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Uganda}}||[[Kampala]] || {{dts|19 July 2010|format=d}}–{{dts|27 July 2010}}|| &quot;Maternal, Infant, and Child Health and Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 14th&lt;ref name=summit14&gt;{{cite web |title=14th African Union summit |date=January 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122225/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2010|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2010}}|| &quot;Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Africa: Challenges and Prospects for Development&quot; ||
|-
| 13th&lt;ref name=summit13&gt;{{cite web |title=13th African Union summit |date=July 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040008/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|24 June 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 July 2009}}|| &quot;Investing in Agriculture for Economic Growth and Food Security&quot; ||
|-
| 12th&lt;ref name=summit12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th African Union summit |date=January 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040018/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|26 January 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 February 2009}}|| &quot;Infrastructure Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 11th&lt;ref name=summit11&gt;{{cite web |title=The 11th AU summit |date=July 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122200/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Egypt}}||[[Sharm el-Sheikh]] || {{dts|24 June 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2008}}|| &quot;Meeting the Millennium Development Goals on Water and Sanitation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th&lt;ref name=summit10&gt;{{cite web |title=The 10th African Union summit |date=January 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102035957/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2008}}|| &quot;Industrial Development of Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 9th&lt;ref name=summit9&gt;{{cite web |title=9th African Union summit |date=July 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040001/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ghana}}||[[Accra]] || {{dts|25 June 2007|format=dm}} – {{dts|6 July 2007}}|| &quot;Grand Debate on the Union Government&quot; ||
|-
| 8th&lt;ref name=summit8&gt;{{cite web |title=8th African Union summit |date=January 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806145357/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2007|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2007}}|| 1. &quot;Science, Technology and Scientific Research for Development&quot; &lt;br /&gt;2. &quot;Climate Change in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 7th&lt;ref name=summit7&gt;{{cite web |title=7th African Union summit |date=July 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806144655/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Gambia}}||[[Banjul]] || {{dts|25 June 2006|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2006}}|| &quot;Rationalisation of Recs and Regional Integration&quot; ||
|-
| 6th&lt;ref name=summit6&gt;{{cite web |title=6th African Union summit |date=January 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214191451/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-date=14 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Sudan}}||[[Khartoum]] || {{dts|16 January 2006|format=d}}–{{dts|24 January 2006}}|| &quot;Education and Culture&quot; ||
|-
| 5th&lt;ref name=summit5&gt;{{cite web |title=5th African Union summit |date=June 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224163231/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-date=24 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|28 June 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|29 June 2005}}|| ||
|-
| Extraordinary summit on UN Reform&lt;ref name=summitlist&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Summit |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215221812/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-date=15 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|4 August 2005}} || ||
|-
| 4th&lt;ref name=summit4&gt;{{cite web |title=4th African Union summit |date=January 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315081032/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-date=15 March 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Nigeria}}||[[Abuja]] || {{dts|24 January 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2005}}|| ||
|-
| 3rd&lt;ref name=summit3&gt;{{cite web |title=3rd African Union summit |date=July 2004 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207061226/http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-date=7 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|6 July 2004|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2004}}|| ||
|-
| 2nd&lt;ref name=summit2&gt;{{cite web |title=African Union Summit Maputo Mozambique |date=July 2003 |url=http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708083551/http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mozambique}}||[[Maputo]] || {{dts|2 July 2003|format=d}}–{{dts|12 July 2003}}|| ||
|-
| 1st&lt;ref name=summit1&gt;{{cite web |title=OAU/AU summit |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022142733/http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |archive-date=22 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Durban, South Africa|Durban]] || {{dts|28 June 2002}} – {{dts|10 July 2002}}|| &quot;Peace, Development and Prosperity: The African Century&quot; || Notable events include the launch of the African Union.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=1st AU summit: Documents and Speeches |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001222437/http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html| archive-date=1 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}


==== Africa–Caribbean relations ====
{{See also|Group of 77|Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States}}
[[Caribbean]] tiŋgbana pam nyɛla din kpuɣi niya ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ni [[Africa]] tiŋgbana. African Union lihirila Caribbean ka di nyɛ yaɣili din ni tooi pahi buyɔbu  &quot;Sixth Region&quot; tiŋgbana yaɣa din laɣim taba maa puuni.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/ African Union 6th Region Diaspora Headquarters to be established in Accompong, Jamaica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311035309/https://thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/|date=11 March 2023}}, 24 January 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;Caribbean tiŋgbani shɛŋa nyɛla Africa din yihi di maŋ pahi tuma yaɣa ni, n-ti tabili [[Barbados]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Lorna|title=Barbados inks MOU with African Export-Import Bank|url=https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717182615/https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|archive-date=17 July 2022|access-date=17 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; the Bahamas ni [[Guyana]], din zaa pahi African Export–Import Bank ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 December 2022|title=Barbados Parliament ratifies Partnership Agreement with Afreximbank, as Guyanaand Bahamas join CARICOM signatories|url=https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323124813/https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|archive-date=23 March 2023|access-date=10 September 2023|website=African Export-Import Bank}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaha, Caribbean Development Bank dihila laɣim tum gbana ni n-ti African Development Bank (AfDB).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/ AfDB, CDB move to deepen Africa, Caribbean cooperation, sign MoU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625194438/https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/|date=25 June 2022}}, June 18, 2022&lt;/ref&gt; [[Antigua and Barbuda]] gba niŋ zaɣa ni Africa mini Caribbean.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-01-09|title=Antigua Airways is airborne and ready to become the &quot;pride of the Caribbean&quot;|url=https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423231330/https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua News Room|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=jennelsa.johnson|date=2023-04-17|title=Government has not given up on Antigua Airways as company seeks to make comeback|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424072842/https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amaa, din nyɛla din ʒi yɛli muɣisira na tiŋgbana loobu ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-28|title=3 dead, 13 missing in Caribbean sinking; 14 Africans saved|url=https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531093832/https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|archive-date=31 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=AP NEWS|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-29|title=Tragedy at sea: Boat carrying African migrants from Antigua capsizes near St Kitts|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520064903/https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|archive-date=20 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-31|title=Fury as gov't says it bears no responsibility for migrant boat tragedy|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419124847/https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|archive-date=19 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Less than 600 West African migrants remain in Antigua {{!}} Loop Caribbean News|url=https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910051756/https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|archive-date=10 September 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Loop News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-07|title=The migrants stranded on an island they had not heard of|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822235248/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|archive-date=22 August 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=BBC News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-02-11|title=Antigua Government says no automatic citizenship for stranded Africans|url=https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423182748/https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=CNW Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{main|Africa–China relations}}

==== Africa–China relations ====
Yaɣ'yini din daabiligu be tooni [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC). Forum on China–Africa Cooperation nyɛla daabiligu balibu noiŋbu Africa tiŋgbana ni mini China.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|pages=56|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tum FOCAC zaŋ gɔhi taba ni yuuni 2012, African Union gab nyɛla din tim nuu ni tabi-sɔŋ ni, amaa  Africantingbana din be FOCAC na kuli nyɛla din zani ti di maŋa sahakam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|page=57|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Africa–EU relations ====
Zaŋ jendi European Commission polo, European Union's biɛhigu ni Africa nyɛla din kpa talahi. Tooni ha Africa-EU laɣim tum niya ni European Commission mini European External Action Service nyɛla din kahigi Joint Communication ni &quot;Towards a Comprehensive Strategy with Africa&quot;. Di buɣisila laɣim tum ni:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|date=2020-11-03|title=Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085246/https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=International Partnerships - European Commission|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 52020JC0004 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516184133/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|archive-date=16 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=eur-lex.europa.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Green Transition and Energy Access
* Digital Transformation
* Sustainable Growth and Jobs&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mobilising Investments for African structural sustainable transformation {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513082259/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|archive-date=13 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Strengthening Resilience, Peace, Security and Governance {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085847/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Peace, Security and Governance&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot; /&gt;
* Migration and Mobility&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Migration and mobility {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085848/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Lahabali_kɔligu:Eritrea_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg|thumb|[[South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011]]]]
In response to the ongoing Darfur conflict in Sudan, the AU has deployed 7,000 peacekeepers, many from Rwanda and Nigeria, to Darfur. While a donor's conference in Addis Ababa in 2005 helped raise funds to sustain the peacekeepers through that year and into 2006, in July 2006 the AU said it would pull out at the end of September when its mandate expires.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=28 June 2006|title=AU Darfur mission 'to end soon'|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826204932/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|archive-date=26 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Critics of the AU peacekeepers, including Eric Reeves, have said these forces are largely ineffective due to lack of funds, personnel, and expertise. Monitoring a large area has made it even more difficult to sustain an effective mission. In June 2006, the United States Congress appropriated US$173&amp;nbsp;million for the AU force. Some, such as the Genocide Intervention Network, have called for UN or NATO intervention to augment and/or replace the AU peacekeepers. The UN has considered deploying a force, though it would not likely enter the country until at least October 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Security Council Authorises Deployment of United Nations-African Union 'Hybrid' Peace Operation in Bid To Resolve Darfur Conflict|url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc9089.doc.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815184454/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/sc9089.doc.htm|archive-date=15 August 2007|access-date=26 November 2012|publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; The under-funded and badly equipped AU mission was set to expire on 31 December 2006 but was extended to 30 June 2007 and merged with the United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur in October 2007. In July 2009 the African Union ceased cooperation with the International Criminal Court, refusing to recognise the international arrest warrant it had issued against Sudan's leader, Omar al-Bashir, who was indicted in 2008 for war crimes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=5 July 2009|title=African move on Bashir dismissed|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225224733/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The AU struggled to have a strategic role in the independence talks and the reconciliation process of [[South Sudan]], due to overwhelming interests of African and non-African powers, its influence is still limited and not consistent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Sulaiman|first=Abubkar o.|author2=Agoha, Ifeanyi Chuckwu|date=1 October 2013|title=South Sudan Negotiated Independence: A Critique of African Union's Role|journal=European Journal of Sustainable Development|volume=2|issue=3|pages=145–154|bibcode=2013EJSD....2..145S|doi=10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n3p145|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Clear}}

== Economy ==
{{main|Economy of the African Union}}

[[African Continental Free Trade Area|African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)]] nyɛla bɛ ni daa piligi shɛli ni tiŋgbana pihinu ni anahi tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu maa puuni ka di daabilim nyɛ din daa piligi Silimiin goli January dahin yini yuuni 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shendruk|first=Amanda|date=2020-12-31|title=The world's largest free trade area starts up on Jan. 1, 2021|url=https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|access-date=2021-01-04|website=Quartz|language=en|archive-date=4 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104075017/https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[African Export–Import Bank]], nyɛla din yɛn tabi sɔŋ ka bɛ piligi [[Pan-African Payment and Settlement System]]..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |title=Profile: African Union |date=1 July 2006 |access-date=10 July 2006 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060712034155/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |archive-date=12 July 2006 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Clear}}
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]]
(km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|title=The World Bank DataBank {{!}} Explore. Create. Share|website=databank.worldbank.org|access-date=4 February 2017|archive-date=7 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107162640/http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[List of countries by population|Population]]
{{UN_Population|Year}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |title=2015 Human Development Report |last=Office |first=Human Development Report |website=report.hdr.undp.org |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211223435/http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016 |title=The Fragile States Index 2016 {{!}} The Fund for Peace|website=fsi.fundforpeace.org|access-date=12 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204213240/http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016|archive-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2016 |last=e.V. |first=Transparency International |newspaper=transparency.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=30 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170130045244/http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/index/ |title=Index of Economic Freedom: Promoting Economic Opportunity and Prosperity by Country |website=www.heritage.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=29 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629215405/http://www.heritage.org/index/ |url-status=unfit }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016 |title=Vision of Humanity |website=static.visionofhumanity.org |access-date=12 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213091208/http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016|archive-date=13 February 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Press Freedom Index|WPFI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://rsf.org/en/ranking|title=2016 World Press Freedom Index {{!}} Reporters Without Borders|newspaper=RSF|access-date=12 February 2017|archive-date=1 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201195036/https://rsf.org/en/ranking|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |title=Democracy Index 2016 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224070253/http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |archive-date=24 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Country|Algeria}}
|2,381,741
|{{UN_Population|Algeria}}
|548,293,085,686
|13,823
|0.736
|78.3
|34
|50.06
|2.21
|41.69
|3.56
|-
|{{Country|Angola}}
|1,246,700
|{{UN_Population|Angola}}
|173,593,223,667
|6,938
|0.532
|90.5
|18
|48.94
|2.14
|39.89
|3.40
|-
|{{Country|Benin}}
|112,760
|{{UN_Population|Benin}}
|21,016,184,357
|1,932
|0.48
|78.9
|36
|59.31
|2.00
|28.97
|5.67
|-
|{{Country|Botswana}}
|566,730
|{{UN_Population|Botswana}}
|33,657,545,969
|14,876
|0.698
|63.5
|60
|71.07
|1.64
|22.91
|7.87
|-
|{{Country|Burkina Faso}}
|273,600
|{{UN_Population|Burkina Faso}}
|28,840,666,622
|1,593
|0.402
|89.4
|42
|59.09
|2.06
|22.66
|4.70
|-
|{{Country|Burundi}}
|25,680
|{{UN_Population|Burundi}}
|7,634,578,343
|300
|0.4
|100.7
|20
|53.91
|2.50
|54.10
|2.40
|-
|{{Country|Cape Verde}}
|4,030
|{{UN_Population|Cape Verde}}
|3,205,197,585
|6,158
|0.646
|71.5
|59
|66.46
|N/A
|19.82
|7.94
|-
|{{Country|Cameroon}}
|472,710
|{{UN_Population|Cameroon}}
|68,302,439,597
|2,926
|0.512
|97.8
|26
|54.18
|2.36
|40.53
|3.46
|-
|{{Country|Central African Republic}}
|622,980
|{{UN_Population|Central African Republic}}
|2,847,726,468
|581
|0.35
|112.1
|20
|45.23
|3.35
|33.60
|1.61
|-
|{{Country|Chad}}
|1,259,200
|{{UN_Population|Chad}}
|28,686,194,920
|2,044
|0.392
|110.1
|20
|46.33
|2.46
|40.59
|1.50
|-
|{{Country|Comoros}}
|1,861
|{{UN_Population|Comoros}}
|1,098,546,195
|1,393
|0.503
|83.8
|24
|52.35
|N/A
|24.33
|3.71
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Democratic Republic of the}}
|2,267,050
|{{UN_Population|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|56,920,935,460
|300
|0.433
|
|21
|46.38
|3.11
|50.97
|1.93
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Republic of the}}
|341,500
|{{UN_Population|Congo}}
|27,690,345,067
|5,993
|0.591
|92.2
|20
|42.80
|2.25
|35.84
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Djibouti}}
|23,180
|{{UN_Population|Djibouti}}
|2,911,406,226
|3,279
|0.47
|89.7
|30
|55.96
|2.29
|70.90
|2.83
|-
|{{Country|Egypt}}
|1,010,407
|{{UN_Population|Egypt}}
|1,173,000,000,000
|10,250
|0.69
|90.2
|34
|55.96
|2.57
|54.45
|3.31
|-
|{{Country|Equatorial Guinea}}
|28,050
|{{UN_Population|Equatorial Guinea}}
|32,317,928,931
|38,243
|0.587
|85.2
|N/A
|43.67
|1.94
|66.47
|1.70
|-
|{{Country|Eritrea}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |title=Eritrea |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121011902/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|101,000
|{{UN_Population|Eritrea}}
|8,845,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.391
|98.6
|18
|42.7
|2.46
|83.92
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Eswatini}}
|17,204
|{{UN_Population|Eswatini}}
|10,452,834,007
|8,122
|0.531
|87.6
|N/A
|59.65
|2.07
|52.37
|3.03
|-
|{{Country|Ethiopia}}
|1,104,300
|{{UN_Population|Ethiopia}}
|152,057,290,468
|1,530
|0.442
|97.2
|34
|51.52
|2.28
|45.13
|3.60
|-
|{{Country|Gabon}}
|257,670
|{{UN_Population|Gabon}}
|32,539,376,597
|18,860
|0.684
|72
|35
|58.96
|2.03
|32.20
|3.74
|-
|{{Country|Gambia, The}}
|10,120
|{{UN_Population|Gambia}}
|3,140,820,062
|1,578
|0.441
|86.8
|26
|57.14
|2.09
|46.53
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Ghana}}
|227,540
|{{UN_Population|Ghana}}
|108,393,071,924
|3,955
|0.579
|71.2
|43
|63.00
|1.81
|17.95
|6.75
|-
|{{Country|Guinea}}
|245,720
|{{UN_Population|Guinea}}
|14,316,884,358
|1,135
|0.411
|103.8
|27
|53.33
|2.15
|33.08
|3.14
|-
|{{Country|Guinea-Bissau}}
|28,120
|{{UN_Population|Guinea-Bissau}}
|2,521,743,682
|1,367
|0.42
|99.8
|16
|51.81
|2.26
|29.03
|1.98
|-
|{{Country|Ivory Coast}}
|318,000
|{{UN_Population|Ivory Coast}}
|74,916,780,423
|3,300
|0.462
|97.9
|34
|60.01
|2.28
|30.17
|3.81
|-
|{{Country|Kenya}}
|569,140
|{{UN_Population|Kenya}}
|133,592,522,053
|2,901
|0.548
|98.3
|26
|57.51
|2.38
|31.16
|5.33
|-
|{{Country|Lesotho}}
|30,360
|{{UN_Population|Lesotho}}
|5,914,437,068
|2,770
|0.497
|80.9
|39
|50.62
|1.94
|28.78
|6.59
|-
|{{Country|Liberia}}
|96,320
|{{UN_Population|Liberia}}
|3,533,313,381
|500
|0.43
|95.5
|37
|52.19
|2.00
|30.71
|5.31
|-
|{{Country|Libya}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya/ |title=Libya |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109235257/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,759,540
|{{UN_Population|Libya}}
|94,010,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|14,900&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.724
|96.4
|14
|N/A
|3.20
|57.89
|2.25
|-
|{{Country|Madagascar}}
|581,800
|{{UN_Population|Madagascar}}
|33,354,200,458
|1,376
|0.51
|84.2
|26
|61.06
|1.76
|27.04
|5.07
|-
|{{Country|Malawi}}
|94,280
|{{UN_Population|Malawi}}
|19,137,290,349
|1,112
|0.445
|87.6
|31
|51.8
|1.82
|28.12
|5.55
|-
|{{Country|Mali}}
|1,220,190
|{{UN_Population|Mali}}
|33,524,899,739
|1,905
|0.419
|95.2
|32
|56.54
|2.49
|39.83
|5.70
|-
|{{Country|Mauritania}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |title=Mauritania |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=7 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107034713/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,030,700
|{{UN_Population|Mauritania}}
|16,190,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|4,400&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.506
|95.4
|27
|54.8
|2.30
|24.03
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Mauritius}}
|2,030
|{{UN_Population|Mauritius}}
|23,817,914,134
|18,864
|0.777
|43.2
|54
|74.73
|1.56
|27.69
|8.28
|-
|{{Country|Morocco}}
|446,300
|{{UN_Population|Morocco}}
|257,398,957,178
|7,365
|0.628
|74.2
|37
|61.27
|2.09
|42.64
|4.77
|-
|{{Country|Mozambique}}
|786,380
|{{UN_Population|Mozambique}}
|31,326,751,237
|1,120
|0.416
|87.8
|27
|53.19
|1.96
|30.25
|4.02
|-
|{{Country|Namibia}}
|823,290
|{{UN_Population|Namibia}}
|24,043,436,006
|9,778
|0.628
|71.1
|52
|61.85
|1.87
|15.15
|6.31
|-
|{{Country|Niger}}
|1,266,700
|{{UN_Population|Niger}}
|17,857,377,171
|897
|0.348
|98.4
|35
|54.26
|2.24
|24.62
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Nigeria}}
|910,770
|{{UN_Population|Nigeria}}
|1,168,000,000,000
|5,639
|0.514
|103.5
|28
|57.46
|2.88
|35.90
|4.50
|-
|{{Country|Rwanda}}
|24,670
|{{UN_Population|Rwanda}}
|19,216,033,048
|1,655
|0.483
|91.3
|54
|63.07
|2.32
|54.61
|3.07
|-
|{{Country|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|960
|{{UN_Population|Sao Tome and Principe}}
|575,391,345
|3,023
|0.555
|72.9
|46
|56.71
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Senegal}}
|192,530
|{{UN_Population|Senegal}}
|34,398,281,018
|2,274
|0.466
|83.6
|45
|58.09
|1.98
|27.99
|6.21
|-
|{{Country|Seychelles}}
|460
|{{UN_Population|Seychelles}}
|2,384,515,771
|25,525
|0.772
|60.2
|N/A
|62.2
|N/A
|30.60
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sierra Leone}}
|72,180
|{{UN_Population|Sierra Leone}}
|9,511,431,824
|1,474
|0.413
|91
|30
|52.31
|1.81
|29.94
|4.55
|-
|{{Country|Somalia}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/ |title=Somalia |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=1 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701190026/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|627,340
|{{UN_Population|Somalia}}
|5,900,000,000&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|114
|10
|N/A
|3.41
|65.35
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|South Africa}}
|1,213,090
|{{UN_Population|South Africa}}
|742,461,000,000
|12,393
|0.666
|69.9
|45
|61.9
|2.32
|21.92
|7.41
|-
|{{Country|South Sudan}}
|619,745
|{{UN_Population|South Sudan}}
|21,484,823,398
|1,741
|0.467
|113.8
|11
|N/A
|3.59
|44.87
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sudan}}
|1,886,086
|{{UN_Population|Sudan}}
|165,813,461,495
|4,121
|0.479
|111.5
|14
|N/A
|3.27
|72.53
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Tanzania}}
|885,800
|{{UN_Population|United Republic of Tanzania}}
|130,297,806,032
|2,510
|0.521
|81.8
|32
|58.46
|1.90
|28.65
|5.76
|-
|{{Country|Togo}}
|54,390
|{{UN_Population|Togo}}
|10,018,697,437
|1,372
|0.484
|85.8
|32
|53.64
|1.95
|30.31
|3.32
|-
|{{Country|Tunisia}}
|155,360
|{{UN_Population|Tunisia}}
|121,200,025,401
|10,770
|0.721
|74.6
|41
|57.55
|1.95
|31.60
|6.40
|-
|{{Country|Uganda}}
|200,520
|{{UN_Population|Uganda}}
|67,856,334,117
|1,738
|0.483
|97.7
|25
|59.26
|2.15
|32.58
|5.26
|-
|{{Country|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 June 2007 |title=Western Sahara |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|266,000
|{{UN_Population|Western Sahara}}
|906,500,000&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2,500&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Zambia}}
|743,390
|{{UN_Population|Zambia}}
|58,400,082,027
|3,602
|0.586
|86.3
|38
|58.79
|1.78
|35.08
|5.99
|-
|{{Country|Zimbabwe}}
|386,850
|{{UN_Population|Zimbabwe}}
|26,180,942,292
|500
|0.509
|100.5
|22
|38.23
|2.32
|40.41
|3.05
|-
|'''{{noflag|African Union}}'''
|30,370,000
|{{UN_Population|Africa}}
|5,457,724,064,668
|4,602
|0.524&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|88.99&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|31.51&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|55.55&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2.27
|37.89
|4.30
|-
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]] (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015
![[List of countries by population|Population]] {{UN_Population|Year}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016
![[Reporters Without Borders|WPFI]]
2016
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016
|}

== Lihimi m-pahi ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Africa Adaptation Initiative]]
* [[African Century]]
* [[African Peer Review Mechanism]]
* [[African Renaissance]]
* [[African Standby Force]]
* [[African Unification Front]]
* [[Africanisation]]
* [[Central Asian Union]]
* [[East African Federation]]
* [[Ezulwini agreement]]
* [[Friends of the African Union]]
* [[Indigenous peoples of Africa]]
* [[List of country groupings]]
* [[List of multilateral free-trade agreements]]
* [[Climate adaptation|Prevention of environmental migration]]
* [[Pan-Africanism]]
* [[Pan-African Women's Organization]]
{{div col end}}

== Noosi ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==Kundivihira==
=== Sources ===
{{Reflist}}

=== General and cited references ===
{{Library resources box}}
* [https://web.archive.org</text>
      <sha1>ie6khko9qnzvq5ip3pm9844yjeofwt7</sha1>
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        <id>5829</id>
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      <text bytes="97722" sha1="hulu1bhx379htcyi4vs5vb8zzm9wr3a" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Continental union of African states}}
{{For|the predecessor organisation|Organisation of African Unity}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox geopolitical organisation
| conventional_long_name = African Union
| native_name            = {{Name in various languages
 | name = {{nobold|''(in other official languages)''}}
 | ar = الاتحاد الأفريقي
 | fr = Union africaine
 | pt = União Africana
 | es = Unión Africana
 | sw = Umoja wa Afrika
 }}
| linking_name           = the African Union
| image_flag             = Flag of the African Union.svg
| alt_flag               = Flag of the African Union
| alt_symbol             = 
| symbol_width           = 85px
| motto                  = &quot;A United and Strong Africa&quot;
| anthem                 = &quot;[[Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html |title=African Union anthem, etc |publisher=Africamasterweb.com |access-date=26 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915041714/http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html | archive-date=15 September 2015 | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{center|}}{{Align|center| |style=margin-top:0em}}
| image_map              = Map of the African Union with Suspended States.svg
| alt_map                = An [[Orthographic projection (cartography)|orthographic projection]] of [[Earth|the world]], highlighting the African Union and its member states (green).
| map_width              = 220px
| map_caption            = {{legend2|#2A5C2B|Member states}}&lt;br /&gt;{{legend2|#00D500|Suspended states}}
| org_type               = [[Continental union]]
| membership_type        = Membership
| membership             = {{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
 |title = [[Member states of the African Union|55 member states]]
|{{flag|Algeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Angola|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Benin|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Botswana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Burkina Faso|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp|Suspended}}
|{{flag|Burundi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cameroon|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Cape Verde|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Central African Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Chad|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Comoros|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Djibouti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Egypt|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eritrea|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Eswatini|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ethiopia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Gabon|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Gambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ghana|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Guinea|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ivory Coast|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kenya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Lesotho|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Liberia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Libya|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Madagascar|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Malawi|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mali|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Mauritania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mauritius|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Morocco|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mozambique|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Namibia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Niger|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Nigeria|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Rwanda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sahrawi Republic|size=23px}}
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Senegal|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Seychelles|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sierra Leone|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Somalia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Africa|size=23px}}
|{{flag|South Sudan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Sudan|size=23px}}{{refn|group=note|name=sp}}
|{{flag|Tanzania|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Togo|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Tunisia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Uganda|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zambia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Zimbabwe|size=23px}}
}}
{{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;
|title = 9 observer states
|{{flag|Haiti|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Kazakhstan|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Latvia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Mexico|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Palestine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Serbia|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Turkey|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Ukraine|size=23px}}
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates|size=23px}}
}}
| admin_center_type      = Political centres
| admin_center           = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Addis Ababa]]&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;}} |{{nowrap|[[Johannesburg]]&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;}}}}
| largest_settlement_type = urban agglomerations
| largest_city           = 
| largest_settlement     = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Cairo]]}} |{{nowrap|[[Lagos]]}}}}
| languages_type         = Official languages
| languages              = {{hlist | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] | [[English language|English]] | [[French language|French]] | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]]  | [[Swahili language|Swahili]] | and any other [[Languages of Africa|African language]]&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;}}
| demonym                = African
| leader_title1          = [[Chairperson of the African Union|Chairperson]]
| leader_name1           = [[João Lourenço]]
| leader_title2          = [[Chairperson of the African Union Commission|Commission Chairperson]]
| leader_name2           = [[Mahamoud Ali Youssouf]]
| leader_title3          = [[Pan-African Parliament#Presidents of the Pan-African Parliament|Parliamentary President]]
| leader_name3           = [[Fortune Z. Charumbira]]
| legislature            = [[Pan-African Parliament]]
| established_event1     = [[Organisation of African Unity|OAU Charter]]
| established_date1      = 25 May 1963
| established_event2     = [[Abuja Treaty]]
| established_date2      = 3 June 1991
| established_event3     = [[Sirte Declaration]]
| established_date3      = 9 September 1999
| established_event4     = African Union founded
| established_date4      = {{start date and age|2002|07|09}}
| established_event5     = [[History of South Sudan|Admission of]] [[South Sudan]]
| established_date5      = 9 July 2011
| established_event6     = [[Member states of the African Union|Admission of]] [[Morocco]]
| established_date6      = 31 January 2017
| established_event7     = [[African Continental Free Trade Area]] (AfCFTA)
| established_date7      = 1 January 2021
| area_km2               = 29,922,059&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2016&quot;&gt;Corresponds to the terrestrial surface. Including the [[Exclusive Economic Zones]] of each member state, the total area is 43 434 569&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 1,494,988,668{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $8.990 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO/WEOWORLD/IDN/AFQ.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668%2C672%2C612%2C614%2C674%2C676%2C678%2C682%2C684%2C638%2C686%2C688%2C616%2C728%2C748%2C618%2C624%2C692%2C694%2C622%2C626%2C628%2C632%2C636%2C634%2C662%2C611%2C714%2C716%2C469%2C722%2C642%2C643%2C718%2C724%2C734%2C644%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C652%2C732%2C656%2C654%2C738%2C742%2C744%2C746%2C664%2C754%2C666%2C698&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |access-date=8 February 2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714135232/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=51&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=668,672,612,614,674,676,678,682,684,638,686,688,616,728,748,618,624,692,694,622,626,628,632,636,634,662,611,714,716,469,722,642,643,718,724,734,644,726,646,199,648,733,652,732,656,654,738,742,744,746,664,754,666,698&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,LP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion|Excluding Western Sahara due to lack of data}}
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2024
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $6,330&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal            = {{decrease}} $2.81 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=exclusion}}
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2024
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{decrease}} $1,960&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOAU&quot;/&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.577
| HDI_year               = 2020
| cctld                  = [[.africa]]
| footnotes              = {{unbulleted list |&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[African Union Commission]]. |&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt; Seat of the [[Pan-African Parliament]].}}
| official_website       = {{URL|https://au.int}}
| area_rank              = 
| today                  = 
}}

'''African Union''' ('''AU''') nyɛla tiŋgbani bɔbugu laɣingu zaŋ n-ti tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu&lt;ref name=&quot;UIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100033436 |url-access= |title=African Union (AU) |author1=Staff writer |year=2025 |department=UIA Global Civil Society Database |website=uia.org |publisher=[[Union of International Associations]] |agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online |location=Brussels, Belgium |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date=8 January 2025 |via= |quote= |trans-quote= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Member States AU-UN |url=https://www.africanunion-un.org/memberstates |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka nyɛ din be [[Africa]]. AU nyɛla bɛ ni daa niŋ shɛli laɣngu Sirte Declaration din be Sirte, Libya Silimiin goli September yuuni 1999, ka bɛ niya daa nyɛ bɛ kpa African Union. Bɛ daa piligi li Silimiin goli July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002  Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_&amp;_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union,%209%20July%202002.htm |title=Launch of the African Union, 9 July 2002: Address by the chairperson of the AU, President Thabo Mbeki |first=Thabo |last=Mbeki |date=9 July 2002 |publisher=africa-union.org |location=ABSA Stadium, Durban, South Africa |access-date=8 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503210549/http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_%26_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union%2C%209%20July%202002.htm |archive-date=3 May 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ daa mali lala niya ni AU nyɛla di ni tooi zani Organisation of African Unity (OAU) zani, di nyɛla bɛ ni daa kpa shɛli Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1963 ka di ni daa piligi shɛli nyɛ Addis Ababa, gomnantinima pihita ni ayi nyɛ ban daa dihi bɛ nuhi gbana zuɣu zaŋ n-ti li; OAU ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa kari shɛli Silimiin goli  July dabaa awɔi dali yuuni 2002 Durban, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;/&gt; 

African Union ŋɔ nyɛla din mali salo ban kalinli gari 1.3 &quot;billion&quot; ka di tiŋgbani galisim paai kamani  {{convert|30|e6km2|e6sqmi|sigfig=2|abbr=unit}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Manboah-Rockson |first1=Joseph |title=Politics &amp; the Struggle for Democracy in Ghana: An Introduction to Political Science |date=23 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Balli shɛŋa din be di ni nyɛ  Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, n-ti pahi Swahili.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://au.int/en/about/languages |title=AU Languages |access-date=2 May 2021 |publisher=African Union |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407001442/https://au.int/en/about/languages |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

G20 (Group of 20) laɣingu din daa niŋ New Delhi, [[India]] yuuni 2023, African Union nyɛla ban daa kpɛ G20.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=September 9, 2023 |title=African Union made permanent member of G20 at Delhi summit |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/09/african-union-made-permanent-member-of-g20-at-delhi-summit |access-date=December 12, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Overview ==
African Union niyanima n-nyɛ:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Constitutive Act|url=https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415235637/https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf|archive-date=15 April 2020|access-date=2 May 2021|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;

# Di ʒi nangbanyini din mali yaa na, taba laɣimbu ni Africa tinsi mini [[Africa|African]] tingbana taba puu biɛri taba zuɣu.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi maŋsulinsi, tiŋgbana taba shebu ni tiŋgbani din kam be din ni maŋsulinsi.
# Ni di kpaŋsi siyaasa mini biɛhigu-daabiligu laɣimbu zaŋ chaŋ tiŋgbana taba sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 November 2024|title=Evolution of Geopolitical Dynamics in Africa|url=https://www.guambia.com.uy/67/evolution-of-geopolitical-dynamics-in-africa/2312/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=Guambia}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The New Power Play in Africa: Russia, China, and the Shifting Sands of Influence|url=https://kcsgroup.com/the-new-power-play-in-africa-russia-china-and-the-shifting-sands-of-influence/|access-date=2025-01-02|website=KCS Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ni di kpaŋsi ka gu ka taɣi [[Africa|African]] zaashee zaŋ chaŋ bɛ suhuyurilim polo di tiŋgbani yaɣa mini di niriba sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi daabiligu tiŋgban sunsuuni, ka mali Charter of the United Nations mini Universal Declaration of Human Rights tumdi tuma.
# Ni di kpaŋsi suhudoo, niriba gubu, ni tiŋgbani yaɣa zanibu chibi.
# Ni di kmpaŋsi maŋsulinsi zalisi, ni gɔmnanti tali din niŋ dede.
# Ni di gu ka taɣi ninsalinima mini niriba fukumsi din be African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights ni mini &quot;human rights instruments&quot; yaɣa din niŋ talahi.
# Ni di zali zalisi din kpa talahi ka che ka tiŋgbani yaɣa maa tumdi di tuma dunia daabiligu ni ni shaawara gbaabu tiŋgbana sunsuuni.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim din nyɛ soha-biɛɣuni dini zaŋti daabiligu,biɛhigu ni kaya ni taɣada biɛhigu ni Africa daabiligu yaɣa zaŋ laɣim taba.
# Ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ninsalisili yaɣa kam n duhi biɛri suŋ Africanima sunsuuni.
# To coordinate and harmonise the policies between the existing and future Regional Economic Communities for the gradual attainment of the objectives of the Union.
# Ni di kpaŋsi lɛbiginsim tiŋgbana yaɣa maa ni din dalim vihigu niŋbu, di bahi bahindi tabiibi mini tabiibi zaŋ tum tuma.
# Ni di mini tiŋgbana laɣim tum n-kpihim dɔriti din mali taɣibu mini alaafee kpaŋsibu tiŋgbana ni.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm Africa-union.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604051527/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/treaties.htm|date=4 June 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taarihi ==
{{Main|History of the African Union|History of Africa}}

African Union taarihi pilila &quot;'''First Congress of Independent African States&quot;''', din daa niŋ [[Accra]], [[Ghana]] bini din gbaai Anashaara goli April biɛɣu pinaanu zaŋ chaŋ biɛɣu pishinaayi yuuni 1958. Laɣingu maa niya daa nyɛla di kpa Africa Day, n-ti tabili Organisation of African Unity (OAU), din daa kpa Anashaara goli May biɛɣu pishinaanu yuuni 1963, ni [[African Economic Community]] yuuni 1991.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210205406/http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/history-africa-day-25-may|date=10 December 2018}} South African History Online (SAHO), 15 May 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ansarisi maaniba daa ŋme nangbankpeeni ni OAU ka nuu timbu shɛli ninsalilnima fukumsi ni .&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2115736&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Reynolds|first=Paul|date=8 July 2002|title=African Union replaces dictators' club|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601025542/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm|archive-date=1 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tɛha din tahi AU kpabu na nyɛla din daa labi niŋ nyɛvuli 1990s sunsuuni Libyan tiŋgbani zuɣulana Muammar al-Gaddafi saha;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Adebajo|first=Adekeye|date=2011-08-26|title=Gaddafi: the man who would be king of Africa|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011605/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/26/gaddafi-legacy-meddling-africa|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Guardian|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbana zuɣulana mini kpɛma zaŋti OAU daa yina ni Sirte Declaration (bɛ ni daa zaŋ Sirte, Libya yuli boli shɛli) Anashaara goli September dabaa awɔi yuuni 1999, ka daa ŋmeri kuŋ bɔri African Union nambu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-12-05|title=The African Union After Gaddafi|url=http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410172928/http://blogs.shu.edu/journalofdiplomacy/2011/12/the-african-union-after-gaddafi/|archive-date=10 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=The Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 10, 2001|title=African leaders elect OAU boss|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414032647/https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/07/10/summit.secretary/index.html|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-08-27|title=New Partnership for Africa's Development – NEPAD {{!}} Poverty Eradication|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419153619/https://www.un.org/development/desa/socialperspectiveondevelopment/issues/new-partnership-for-africas-development-nepad.html|archive-date=19 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=www.un.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

African Union suuna daa niŋla Durban Anashaara goli July dabaa awɔi yuuni 2002 ni di tuuli ʒia kuɣulana, South Africa tiŋgbani zuɣulana kuro [[Thabo Mbeki]], Assembly of the African Union tuuli yaɣili ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-11-18|title=The African Union is launched|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416010303/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/african-union-launched|archive-date=16 April 2021|access-date=2021-03-31|website=Africa Renewal|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Assembly yaɣili din pahiri ayi daa niŋla Maputo yuuni 2003 ka din pahiri ata daa niŋ Addis Ababa Anashaara goli July dabaa ayɔbu yuuni 2004.

Tum yuuni 2010, African Union daa mali niya ni di kpa &quot;African space agency&quot; laɣim taba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=5 September 2010|title=Africa prepares to join the big boys in the space race|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116213335/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/africa-space-programme-david-smith|archive-date=16 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=6 September 2012|title=Sudanese president calls for African space agency|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102203403/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/06/sudanese-president-african-space-agency|archive-date=2 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=11 September 2012|title=Africa eyes joint space agency|url=http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021070210/http://phys.org/news/2012-09-ministers-african-space-agency.html|archive-date=21 October 2013|access-date=21 October 2013|publisher=Phys.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Ezigbo|first1=Onyebuchi|last2=Okpara|first2=Lois|date=9 August 2010|title=AU to Establish African Space Agency|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212084442/http://allafrica.com/stories/201008090886.html|archive-date=12 February 2014|access-date=11 December 2015|publisher=All Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Barack Obama n daa nyɛ tuuli United States tiŋgbani zuɣulana ŋun ʒi gbana ni ka di alizama African Union ni Addis Ababa Anashaara goli July biɛɣu pihita yini ka dali yuuni 2015. O daa alizama dibu ni, o daa kpaŋsiya ni dunisnims laɣindi niŋdi daabiligu ka tabiri sɔŋdi shikuru baŋsim tooni chandi ni, ni lɛbiginsim mini dahi yɛligibu. Amaa, o daa lahi galim suhuyurilim ni ka tiŋgbani shɛŋa ni mini gɔmnantinima ban zaɣisi sheebu ni, ban bi galisi gaŋbu (n-ti tabili ninuɣ'shɛba ban be LGBT ni, adiininima mini laɣinsi zuliyanima ni) ni kɔriŋ fahili.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Carol E.|date=28 July 2015|title=Obama Becomes First U.S. President to Address African Union|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|url-status=live|access-date=29 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729094216/http://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-becomes-first-u-s-president-to-address-african-union-1438090849|archive-date=29 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 July 2015|title=Remarks by President Obama to the People of Africa|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120220442/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/28/remarks-president-obama-people-africa|archive-date=20 January 2017|access-date=29 July 2015|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|via=[[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Treaties ===
{{AU evolution timeline}}

== Siyaasa ==

:
; Financial institutions

* African Central Bank – [[Abuja]], Nigeria
* African Investment Bank – Tripoli, Libya
* African Monetary Fund – Yaoundé, Cameroon

Lala tuma duri ŋɔ na bi kpa; amaa, komitiinima ban be di kpabu ni nyɛla bɛ ni piigi shɛba. Lal n-nyɛli,  AU malila niya ni di diri laɣ'yini (Afro).

; Alaafee
: Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), daa kpala yuuni 2016 ka di suuna niŋ yuuni 2017. Di tuma du'zuɣuri be la Addis Ababa Ethiopia.&lt;ref name=&quot;au.int-2017-01-31&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-01-31|title=Africa CDC Official Launch|url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630023917/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20170131/africa-cdc-official-launch|archive-date=30 June 2018|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=African Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb.int-2017-02-02&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-02-02|title=The African Union launches Africa CDC, a Continent-wide Public Health Agency|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180037/https://reliefweb.int/report/world/african-union-launches-africa-cdc-continent-wide-public-health-agency|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|work=[[Reliefweb]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc.gov-2017-07-27&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2017-07-27|title=Africa CDC: Improving Disease Detection and Emergency Response on the African Continent|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322180936/https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/africa-cdc.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=2020-04-13|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Inspection visit to Africa CDC Headquarters building site|url=https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205114846/https://africacdc.org/news-item/inspection-visit-to-africa-cdc-headquarters-building-site/|archive-date=5 February 2022|access-date=2022-02-05|website=Africa CDC|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; Ninsalinima fukumsi
: African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, nyɛla din beni tum yuuni 1986, di be la African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights fukumsi ni (African Charter) amaa ka ni Constitutive Act of the African Union.
; Polo
: African Space Agency nyɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2023. Di tuma du'zuɣu be la Cairo.
; Yaa
: African Energy Commission daa nYɛla din daa kpa yuuni 2008, ka be Algiers.

=== Tiŋgbana din be din ni ===
{{Main|Member states of the African Union}}

UN member states din be Africa mini African islands zaa bela AU, ka nyɛ yaɣ'shɛli din tabi Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR). [[Morocco]] daa yila Organisation of African Unity ni yuuni 1984 ka di nyɛla SADR sulinsi ni ka di daa be, ka di tiŋgbani yaɣili Western Sahara daa zaŋli kpehi di maŋsulinsi ni.  AU daa lahi labi deei li Anashaara goli January biɛɣu pihita yuuni 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;worldbulletin&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=30 January 2017|title=Morocco rejoins African Union|publisher=Worldbulletin|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|url-status=usurped|access-date=31 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720013737/http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/183967/morocco-rejoins-african-union|archive-date=20 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Somaliland, din nyɛ [[Somalia]] ni deei shɛli, daa sabi gbaŋ ti ni di kpe AU yuuni 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nelson&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Nelson, Elizabeth A.|title=Regional Politics and State Secession|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|year=2021|isbn=978-1-83910-377-3|pages=105}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mali nyɛla bɛ nin daa naa yihi shɛba African Union ni saha biɛla sunsuuni Anashaara goli 19 August 2020 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu niŋ naai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=African Union suspends Mali following coup|work=Agence France-Presse, Reuters|publisher=Deutsche Welle|url=https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913003040/https://www.dw.com/en/african-union-suspends-mali-following-coup/a-54626415|archive-date=13 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anashaara goli 9 October lala yuuni ŋɔ yaha, [[Peace and Security Council]] zaŋti African Union daa paai lala yihibu fukumsi ŋɔ Mali zuɣi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union lifts Mali's suspension imposed in the wake of coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009202811/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/9/african-union-lifts-malis-suspension-imposed-in-the-wake-of-coup|archive-date=9 October 2020|access-date=2020-10-09|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Bɛ daa lahi labi zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa tiŋgbani maa zuɣu Anashaara goli June dahin yini dali yuuni 2021, di sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu ni daa lahi niŋ chira awɔi sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2 June 2021|title=African Union announces 'immediate suspension' of Mali after second coup|work=France 24, Reuters, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912141924/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210602-african-union-announces-immediately-suspension-of-mali-after-second-coup|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lala fukumsi ŋɔ daa pani Guinea gba zuɣu African Union ni ANashaara goli September biɛɣu pia dali yuuni 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣulana Alpha Condé.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=10 September 2021|title=African Union suspends Guinea after coup, as envoys arrive for talks|work=France 24, Agence France-Presse|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912022912/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210910-african-union-suspends-guinea-after-coup-ousting-cond%C3%A9|archive-date=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sudan gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pani shɛli zuɣu Anashaara goli 27 October 2021, di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmananti shee tiŋgbani zuɣulana Abdalla Hamdok.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Union suspends Sudan over coup|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027130242/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/african-union-suspends-sudan-over-coup|archive-date=27 October 2021|access-date=2021-10-27|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Burkina Faso gba nyɛla lala fukumsi ŋɔ ni daa pani shɛli zuɣu African Union ni bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmnanti tɔbu Anashaara goli 31 January 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AU suspends Burkina Faso after coup as envoys head for talks|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062926/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/africa-union-suspends-burkina-faso-after-coup-as-envoys-head-for-talks|archive-date=23 December 2022|access-date=2022-01-31|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nige gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛba zuɣu Anashaara goli 22 August 2023 di ni daa niŋ ka sooja gɔmnanti sheei tiŋgbani zuɣula Mohamed Bazoum; tum din saha ka 2023 Nigerien crisis pili.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2023-08-22|title=African Union suspends participation of Niger following coup|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|url-status=live|access-date=2023-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906024202/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/african-union-suspends-niger-all-its-activities-following-coup-2023-08-22/|archive-date=6 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gabon gba nyɛla African Union ni daa zaŋ lala fukumsi ŋɔ pa shɛli zuɣu 31 August 2023 bɛ gba ni daa ŋme sooja gɔmananti sheei Ali Bongo Ondimba nyaaŋa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Newspaper|first=The Peninsula|date=2023-08-31|title=African Union says to 'immediately suspend' Gabon after coup|url=https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902185942/http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/08/2023/african-union-says-to-immediately-suspend-gabon-after-coup|archive-date=2 September 2023|access-date=2023-08-31|website=thepeninsulaqatar.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{TOC limit|3}}


== Members ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{DZA}}
* {{AGO}}
* {{BEN}}
* {{BWA}}
* {{BFA}} (suspended)
* {{BDI}}
* {{CMR}}
* {{CPV}}
* {{CAF}}
* {{TCD}}
* {{COM}}
* {{COD}}
* {{COG}}
* {{DJI}}
* {{EGY}}
* {{GNQ}}
* {{ERI}}
* {{SWZ}}
* {{ETH}}
* {{GAB}}
* {{GMB}}
* {{GHA}}
* {{GIN}} (suspended)
* {{GNB}}
* {{CIV}}
* {{KEN}}
* {{LSO}}
* {{LBR}}
* {{LBY}}
* {{MDG}}
* {{MWI}}
* {{MLI}} (suspended)
* {{MRT}}
* {{MUS}}
* {{MAR}}
* {{MOZ}}
* {{NAM}}
* {{NER}} (suspended)
* {{NGA}}
* {{RWA}}
* {{SADR}}
* {{STP}}
* {{SEN}}
* {{SYC}}
* {{SLE}}
* {{SOM}}
* {{ZAF}}
* {{SSD}}
* {{SDN}} (suspended)
* {{TZA}}
* {{TGO}}
* {{TUN}}
* {{UGA}}
* {{ZMB}}
* {{ZWE}}
{{div col end}}

==== Observers ====
* {{HAI}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Haiti Will Not Join the African Union |url=https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |website=Haiti Hub |access-date=22 June 2023 |date=22 May 2016 |archive-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622142803/https://haitihub.com/haiti-and-the-african-union/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ISR}} (suspended as of February 2023)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|title=African Union says Israel's observer status suspended|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908195006/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/20/african-union-says-israels-observer-status-suspended|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |author=((i24NEWS)) |date=2022-02-06 |title=Israel dispute erupts at African Union summit |language=en |work=Ynetnews |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |access-date=2022-02-06 |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151241/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1lpw16ay |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{KAZ}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstan's Observer status at the African Union: What Does It Mean for Africa? |url=https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=www.igd.org.za |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327081029/https://www.igd.org.za/index.php/11327-kazakhstan-s-observer-status-at-the-african-union-what-does-it-mean-for-africa |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{LAT}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-01-11|url=http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|title=Latvia becomes observer to African Union|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia]]|website=www.mfa.gov.lv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918030201/http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2012/january/11-3/|archive-date=18 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{MEX}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-06-18 |title=Chairperson Receives the Credentials of the First Permanent Observer of Mexico to the African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |website=au.int |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901115222/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20120618-3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|Palestine}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-05-27 |title=AU grants Palestine observer status |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |publisher=[[Egypt Independent]] |first=Fathya |last=el-Dakhakhni |website=egyptindependent.com |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=29 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229042151/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/au-grants-palestine-observer-status |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{SRB}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 January 2014|language=sr-latn|title=Mrkić na samitu u Adis Abebi|url=https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|website=b92.net|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=16 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071458/https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2014&amp;mm=01&amp;dd=30&amp;nav_category=11&amp;nav_id=806062|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{TUR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-11 |title=What's driving Turkey's commercial &amp; military relations with Africa? |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en-US |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151227/https://www.theafricareport.com/165012/whats-driving-turkeys-commercial-military-relations-with-africa/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{UKR}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-06-22 |title=Ukraine has obtained the observer status in the African Union |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] |website=mfa.gov.ua |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616071456/https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/48625-ukrajina-nabula-status-sposterigacha-v-afrikansykomu-sojuzi |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{ARE}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chairperson Receives Credentials of the Permanent Observer of the United Arab Emirates. {{!}} African Union |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=au.int |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206151252/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110316-0 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== African Union tuma ====
{{Supranational African Bodies|align=right|size=500px}}Yuuni 1980 Lagos Plan of Action for the Development of Africa mini yuuni 1991 varisigu ni African Economic Community kpabu (bɛ ni lahi booni shɛli Abuja Treaty), daa yina ni tɛha din nyɛ Regional Economic Communities (RECs) kpabu ni niŋ binshɛli din yɛn laɣim Africa taba.&lt;ref&gt;See note on [https://web.archive.org/web/20040906140832/http://www.dfa.gov.za/docs/2003/au0815.htm The Role of the Regional Economic Communities (RECs) as the Building Blocks of the African Union] prepared by the South African Department of Foreign Affairs.&lt;/ref&gt;

Saha ŋɔ, RECs dibaa anii m-be AU. Din nima n-nyɛ:

* Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)
* Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
* Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)
* East African Community (EAC)
* Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS)
* Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
* Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
* Southern Africa Development Community (SADC)&lt;ref&gt;Decision on the Protocol on Relations between the African Union and the Regional Economic Communities (RECs), Assembly/AU/Dec.166 (IX).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=President of Mauritania Elected as New Chairperson of AU|url=https://www.ena.et/web/eng/w/eng_4033947}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== List of chairpersons ==
{{main|Chairperson of the African Union}}
[[File:Jakaya Kikwete and Muammar al-Gaddafi, 12th AU Summit, 090202-N-0506A-678.jpg|thumb|left|[[Muammar Gaddafi]] embracing Tanzanian President [[Jakaya Kikwete|Kikwete]] after assuming the chairmanship]]
{{Clear|left}}

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-valign=top
|+Chairpersons of the African Union
|-
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Name
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Beginning of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|End of term
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Country
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Thabo Mbeki]]
|9 July 2002
|10 July 2003
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Joaquim Chissano]]
|10 July 2003
|6 July 2004
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Olusegun Obasanjo]]
|6 July 2004
|24 January 2006
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]]
|24 January 2006
|24 January 2007
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[John Kufuor]]
|30 January 2007
|31 January 2008
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Jakaya Kikwete]]
|31 January 2008
|2 February 2009
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Muammar al-Gaddafi]]
|2 February 2009
|31 January 2010
|{{flagdeco|Libya|1977}} [[Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|Libya]]
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Bingu wa Mutharika]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE60U05O20100131l Gaddafi fails in bid to remain African Union chair], Reuters, 31 January 2010 {{Dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20111230205627/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g8cvj3048f4WEB6UQuim80MKqhVA Malawi president takes over as AU president], AFP, 31 January 2010&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2010
|31 January 2011
|{{flag|Malawi|2010}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography According to the AU] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006153642/http://www.au.int/en/dp/cp/biography |date=6 October 2011 }}, his official style is ''Son Excellence Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Président de la République, Chef de l'État et Président Fondateur du Parti Démocratique de Guinée Equatoriale'' {{in lang|fr}}. Retrieved 4 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
|31 January 2011
|29 January 2012
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Yayi Boni]]
|29 January 2012
|27 January 2013
|{{flag|Benin}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Hailemariam Desalegn]]
|27 January 2013
|30 January 2014
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz]]
|30 January 2014
|30 January 2015
|{{flag|Mauritania|1959}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Robert Mugabe]]
|30 January 2015
|30 January 2016
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Idriss Déby]]
|30 January 2016
|30 January 2017
|{{flag|Chad}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Alpha Condé]]
|30 January 2017
|28 January 2018
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Paul Kagame]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |title=President Paul Kagame, Elected as New Chairperson of the African Union for the year 2018 - African Union |website=au.int |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205134722/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180128/president-paul-kagame-elected-new-chairperson-african-union-year-2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|28 January 2018
|10 February 2019
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]]
|10 February 2019
|10 February 2020
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |title=South Africa takes over as AU chair: What to expect |website=aljazeera.com |access-date=12 February 2020 |archive-date=12 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212104846/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/south-africa-takes-au-chair-expect-200209131603484.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|10 February 2020
|10 February 2021
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Félix Tshisekedi]]
|10 February 2021
|5 February 2022
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Macky Sall]]
|5 February 2022
|18 February 2023
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Azali Assoumani]]
|18 February 2023
|17 February 2024
|{{flag|Comoros}}
|-
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Mohamed Ould Ghazouani]]
|17 February 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|}

=== African Union summits ===
[[File:Niger, Niamey, Boulevard Mali Béro (2)(Rue IB-56).jpg|thumb|300px|left|Billboard in Niamey (Niger) announcing the 33rd AU Summit (2019)]]
{{Clear}}
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
|-
!width=155px| Session
! Host country
! Host city
! Date
! Theme
! Notes
|-
| 37th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|17 February 2024|format=d}}–{{dts|18 February 2024}}|| &quot;Educate and Skill Africa for the 21st Century&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://au.int/en/summit/37 | title=African Union &amp;#124; an Integrated, Prosperous and Peaceful Africa }}&lt;/ref&gt; ||
|-
| 36th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|18 February 2023|format=d}}–{{dts|19 February 2023}}|| || 
|-
| 35th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 February 2022|format=d}}–{{dts|6 February 2022}}|| ||
|-
| 34th || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|6 February 2021|format=d}}–{{dts|7 February 2021}}|| ||
|-
| 33rd&lt;ref name=development&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|title=The 33rd AU Summit kicks off with the 39th Session of the Permanent Representatives Committee &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121172202/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200121/33rd-au-summit-kicks-39th-session-permanent-representatives-committee|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|9 February 2020|format=d}}–{{dts|10 February 2020}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|title=33rd AU Summit : Online accreditation for Journalists now open &amp;#124; African Union|website=au.int|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203234748/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20191223/33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;||&quot;Silencing the guns: creating conducive conditions for Africa's development&quot;&lt;ref name=development /&gt;||Agreement for [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]] to become operational in July 2020.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore /&gt; Agreements to reduce gender gap and inequality and to &quot;silence guns&quot; on the continent.&lt;ref name=tradeandmore&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|title=South African President Cyril Ramaphosa elected African Union Chairperson as continent vows to 'silence the guns', boost trade and close gender gap|work=Today News Africa|access-date=2 May 2021|date=9 February 2020|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216015953/https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 12th Extraordinary Summit on [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]]&lt;ref name=extra12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705085754/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20190707/12th-extraordinary-summit-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Niger}}||[[Niamey]]|| {{dts|4 July 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2019}} || &quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot; || Launch of the [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement]]
|- 
| 32nd&lt;ref name=&quot;summit32&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=32nd AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/32 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806201405/https://au.int/en/summit/32 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|10 February 2019|format=d}}–{{dts|11 February 2019}}||&quot;Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa&quot;||
|-
| 11th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra11&gt;{{cite web |title=11th Extraordinary Summit Summary of Key Decisions |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |website=African Union |access-date=22 January 2020 |date=18 November 2018 |archive-date=22 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122180323/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181118/11th-extraordinary-summit-summary-key-decisions |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]|| {{dts|5 November 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|18 November 2018}}|| || Agreement reached on reorganisation AU Commission&lt;ref name=extra11 /&gt;
|-
| 31st&lt;ref name=&quot;summit31&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=31st AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/31 |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708203337/https://au.int/en/summit/31 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mauritania}}||[[Nouakchott]]|| {{dts|25 June 2018|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA&lt;ref name=extra10&gt;{{cite web |title=10th Extraordinary Session of the Assembly on AfCFTA |url=https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |website=African Union |access-date=8 July 2019 |date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708005309/https://au.int/en/newsevents/20180321/10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]]|| {{dts|17 March 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|21 March 2018}}|| &quot;Creating One African Market&quot; || Agreement reached on the AfCFTA
|-
| 30th&lt;ref name=summit30&gt;{{cite web |title=30th AU summit |url=https://au.int/en/summit/30 |access-date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=22 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322020614/https://au.int/en/summit/30 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2018|format=d}}–{{dts|29 January 2018}}|| &quot;Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation&quot; ||
|-
| 29th&lt;ref name=summit29&gt;{{cite web |title=29th AU summit |date=5 July 2017 |url=https://au.int/en/summit/29 |access-date=15 November 2017 |archive-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116034051/https://au.int/en/summit/29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 June 2017|format=dm}} – {{dts|4 July 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; ||
|-
| 28th&lt;ref name=summit28&gt;{{cite web |title=28th AU summit |date=30 January 2017 |url=https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |access-date=31 January 2017 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202063411/https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2017|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2017}}|| &quot;Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth&quot; || Morocco rejoins the AU after 33 years
|-
| 27th&lt;ref name=summit27&gt;{{cite web |title=27th AU summit |date=July 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=7 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007033940/http://www.au.int/en/summit/27 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Kigali]] || {{dts|10 July 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|18 July 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot; || Launch of [[African Union Passport]]
|-
| 26th&lt;ref name=summit26&gt;{{cite web |title=26th AU summit |date=January 2016 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/26 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=29 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929114302/http://au.int/en/summit/26 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2016|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2016}}|| &quot;African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women&quot;||
|-
| [[Third India-Africa Forum Summit]] || {{flag|India}} || [[New Delhi]] || {{dts|26 October 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|29 October 2015}} || &quot;Reinvigorated Partnership—Shared Vision&quot; ||
|-
| 25th&lt;ref name=summit25&gt;{{cite web |title=25th AU summit |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002150945/http://www.au.int/en/summit/25 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=25th African Union Summit in Johannesburg – African Union Commission media information |date=June 2015 |url=http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215016/http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Johannesburg]] || {{dts|7 June 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|15 June 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; || Featured Angelina Jolie&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=A Call for Global Support in Ending Women's Violence Done by Angelina Jolie |publisher=Newwatch NGR |url=http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |website=newswatchngr.com |date=February 2016 |access-date=23 February 2016 |archive-date=23 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223171129/http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 24th&lt;ref name=summit24&gt;{{cite web |title=24th AU summit |date=January 2015 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624103215/http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit |archive-date=24 June 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2015|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2015}}|| &quot;Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–Turkey Summit|| {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|19 November 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|21 November 2014}}|| &quot;A New Model of Partnership to Enhance a Sustainable Development and Integration of Africa&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Second Turkey-Africa Partnership Summit |date=November 2014 |url=http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225225133/http://afrika.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa |archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Africa Turkey 2014 |date=November 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095901/http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014 |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 23rd&lt;ref name=summit23&gt;{{cite web |title=23rd AU summit |date=June 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709071223/http://summits.au.int/en/23rdsummit |archive-date=9 July 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|20 June 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|27 June 2014}}|| &quot;Year of Agriculture and food security&quot; ||
|-
| 22nd&lt;ref name=summit22&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd AU summit |date=January 2014 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214161520/http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit |archive-date=14 February 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=22nd Ordinary Session of the Summit of the African Union |date=January 2014 |url=http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214002039/http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union |archive-date=14 February 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|21 January 2014|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2014}}|| &quot;Year Agriculture and food security, Marking 10th Anniversary of the Adoption of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP)&quot; ||
|-
| Extraordinary Summit on the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&lt;ref name=summiticc&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Extraordinary Summit on ICC |date=October 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220184942/http://summits.au.int/en/icc |archive-date=20 December 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]]
| {{dts|11 October 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|12 October 2013}}|| &quot;Africa's Relationship with the [[International Criminal Court|ICC]]&quot; || This was in regards to the ICC's non-adherence to AU calls to drop certain charges against sitting leaders and claims that it was disproportionally targeting Africans.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |title=Kenya pushing for African split from International Criminal Court |newspaper=[[Irish Times]] |access-date=30 January 2014 |archive-date=28 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928170024/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 21st&lt;ref name=summit21&gt;{{cite web |title=21st AU summit |date=May 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701003301/http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit |archive-date=1 July 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|19 May 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|27 May 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; || 50th Anniversary of the Establishment of the [[Organisation of African Unity]]
|-
| 20th&lt;ref name=summit20&gt;{{cite web |title=20th AU summit |date=January 2013 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509094507/http://summits.au.int/en/20thsummit |archive-date=9 May 2013 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|27 January 2013|format=d}}–{{dts|28 January 2013}}|| &quot;Panafricanism and African Renaissance&quot; ||
|-
| Diaspora Summit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Global Africa Diaspora Summit |date=May 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916162142/http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012 |archive-date=16 September 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Sandton, South Africa|Sandton]] || {{dts|23 May 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2012}}|| &quot;Towards the Realisation of a United and Integrated Africa and Its Diaspora&quot; ||
|-
| 19th&lt;ref name=summit19&gt;{{cite web |title=19th African Union (AU) Summit to be held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |date=June 2012 |url=http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002164755/http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|9 July 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|16 July 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| 18th&lt;ref name=summit18&gt;{{cite web |title=18th AU summit |date=January 2012 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614120243/http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit |archive-date=14 June 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|23 January 2012|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2012}}|| &quot;Boosting Intra-African Trade&quot; ||
|-
| [[17th Ordinary African Union Summit|17th]]&lt;ref name=summit17&gt;{{cite web |title=17th AU summit |date=June 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095847/http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{nowrap|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}}}||[[Malabo]] || {{dts|23 June 2011|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2011}}|| &quot;Youth Empowerment for Sustainable Development&quot; ||
|-
| 2nd Africa–India Summit || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|20 May 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|25 May 2011}}|| &quot;Enhancing partnership: shared vision&quot; ||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=2nd Africa-India Forum Summit |date=May 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331174105/http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia |archive-date=31 March 2014 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 16th&lt;ref name=summit16&gt;{{cite web |title=16th African Union summit |date=January 2011 |url=http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090533/http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|24 January 2011|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2011}}|| &quot;Towards Greater Unity and Integration through Shared Values&quot; ||
|-
| 15th&lt;ref name=summit15&gt;{{cite web |title=15th African Union summit |date=July 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909081209/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html |archive-date=9 September 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Uganda}}||[[Kampala]] || {{dts|19 July 2010|format=d}}–{{dts|27 July 2010}}|| &quot;Maternal, Infant, and Child Health and Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 14th&lt;ref name=summit14&gt;{{cite web |title=14th African Union summit |date=January 2010 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122225/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2010|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2010}}|| &quot;Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Africa: Challenges and Prospects for Development&quot; ||
|-
| 13th&lt;ref name=summit13&gt;{{cite web |title=13th African Union summit |date=July 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040008/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|24 June 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 July 2009}}|| &quot;Investing in Agriculture for Economic Growth and Food Security&quot; ||
|-
| 12th&lt;ref name=summit12&gt;{{cite web |title=12th African Union summit |date=January 2009 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040018/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|26 January 2009|format=dm}} – {{dts|3 February 2009}}|| &quot;Infrastructure Development in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 11th&lt;ref name=summit11&gt;{{cite web |title=The 11th AU summit |date=July 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122200/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=11 October 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Egypt}}||[[Sharm el-Sheikh]] || {{dts|24 June 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|1 July 2008}}|| &quot;Meeting the Millennium Development Goals on Water and Sanitation&quot; ||
|-
| 10th&lt;ref name=summit10&gt;{{cite web |title=The 10th African Union summit |date=January 2008 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102035957/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|25 January 2008|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 February 2008}}|| &quot;Industrial Development of Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 9th&lt;ref name=summit9&gt;{{cite web |title=9th African Union summit |date=July 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040001/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2007/june/summit/9thAUSummit.htm |archive-date=2 November 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ghana}}||[[Accra]] || {{dts|25 June 2007|format=dm}} – {{dts|6 July 2007}}|| &quot;Grand Debate on the Union Government&quot; ||
|-
| 8th&lt;ref name=summit8&gt;{{cite web |title=8th African Union summit |date=January 2007 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806145357/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/Past/2007/January/summit/summit1.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|22 January 2007|format=d}}–{{dts|30 January 2007}}|| 1. &quot;Science, Technology and Scientific Research for Development&quot; &lt;br /&gt;2. &quot;Climate Change in Africa&quot; ||
|-
| 7th&lt;ref name=summit7&gt;{{cite web |title=7th African Union summit |date=July 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806144655/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/July/summit/summit.htm |archive-date=6 August 2011 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Gambia}}||[[Banjul]] || {{dts|25 June 2006|format=dm}} – {{dts|2 July 2006}}|| &quot;Rationalisation of Recs and Regional Integration&quot; ||
|-
| 6th&lt;ref name=summit6&gt;{{cite web |title=6th African Union summit |date=January 2006 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214191451/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan%202006/home.htm |archive-date=14 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Sudan}}||[[Khartoum]] || {{dts|16 January 2006|format=d}}–{{dts|24 January 2006}}|| &quot;Education and Culture&quot; ||
|-
| 5th&lt;ref name=summit5&gt;{{cite web |title=5th African Union summit |date=June 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224163231/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/JULY%202005/home.htm |archive-date=24 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Libya|1977}}||[[Sirte]] || {{dts|28 June 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|29 June 2005}}|| ||
|-
| Extraordinary summit on UN Reform&lt;ref name=summitlist&gt;{{cite web |title=AU Summit |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215221812/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Summits/summit.htm |archive-date=15 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|4 August 2005}} || ||
|-
| 4th&lt;ref name=summit4&gt;{{cite web |title=4th African Union summit |date=January 2005 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315081032/http://www.africa-union.org/summit/jan2005/home.htm |archive-date=15 March 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Nigeria}}||[[Abuja]] || {{dts|24 January 2005|format=d}}–{{dts|31 January 2005}}|| ||
|-
| 3rd&lt;ref name=summit3&gt;{{cite web |title=3rd African Union summit |date=July 2004 |url=http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207061226/http://www.africa-union.org/AU%20summit%202004/Au%20summit%202004.htm |archive-date=7 February 2008 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Addis Ababa]] || {{dts|6 July 2004|format=d}}–{{dts|8 July 2004}}|| ||
|-
| 2nd&lt;ref name=summit2&gt;{{cite web |title=African Union Summit Maputo Mozambique |date=July 2003 |url=http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708083551/http://www.au2003.gov.mz/ |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=29 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|Mozambique}}||[[Maputo]] || {{dts|2 July 2003|format=d}}–{{dts|12 July 2003}}|| ||
|-
| 1st&lt;ref name=summit1&gt;{{cite web |title=OAU/AU summit |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022142733/http://www.au2002.gov.za/ |archive-date=22 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{flag|South Africa}}||[[Durban, South Africa|Durban]] || {{dts|28 June 2002}} – {{dts|10 July 2002}}|| &quot;Peace, Development and Prosperity: The African Century&quot; || Notable events include the launch of the African Union.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=1st AU summit: Documents and Speeches |date=June 2002 |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html |access-date=29 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001222437/http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/dbnsummit/index.html| archive-date=1 October 2016| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}


==== Africa–Caribbean relations ====
{{See also|Group of 77|Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States}}
[[Caribbean]] tiŋgbana pam nyɛla din kpuɣi niya ni di kpaŋsi biɛhigu ni [[Africa]] tiŋgbana. African Union lihirila Caribbean ka di nyɛ yaɣili din ni tooi pahi buyɔbu  &quot;Sixth Region&quot; tiŋgbana yaɣa din laɣim taba maa puuni.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/ African Union 6th Region Diaspora Headquarters to be established in Accompong, Jamaica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311035309/https://thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/|date=11 March 2023}}, 24 January 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;Caribbean tiŋgbani shɛŋa nyɛla Africa din yihi di maŋ pahi tuma yaɣa ni, n-ti tabili [[Barbados]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Lorna|title=Barbados inks MOU with African Export-Import Bank|url=https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717182615/https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/|archive-date=17 July 2022|access-date=17 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; the Bahamas ni [[Guyana]], din zaa pahi African Export–Import Bank ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 December 2022|title=Barbados Parliament ratifies Partnership Agreement with Afreximbank, as Guyanaand Bahamas join CARICOM signatories|url=https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323124813/https://www.afreximbank.com/barbados-parliament-ratifies-partnership-agreement-with-afreximbank-as-guyanaand-bahamas-join-caricom-signatories/|archive-date=23 March 2023|access-date=10 September 2023|website=African Export-Import Bank}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaha, Caribbean Development Bank dihila laɣim tum gbana ni n-ti African Development Bank (AfDB).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/ AfDB, CDB move to deepen Africa, Caribbean cooperation, sign MoU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625194438/https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/|date=25 June 2022}}, June 18, 2022&lt;/ref&gt; [[Antigua and Barbuda]] gba niŋ zaɣa ni Africa mini Caribbean.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-01-09|title=Antigua Airways is airborne and ready to become the &quot;pride of the Caribbean&quot;|url=https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423231330/https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-airways-is-airborne-and-ready-to-become-the-pride-of-the-caribbean/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua News Room|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=jennelsa.johnson|date=2023-04-17|title=Government has not given up on Antigua Airways as company seeks to make comeback|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424072842/https://antiguaobserver.com/government-has-not-given-up-on-antigua-airways-as-company-seeks-to-make-comeback/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amaa, din nyɛla din ʒi yɛli muɣisira na tiŋgbana loobu ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-28|title=3 dead, 13 missing in Caribbean sinking; 14 Africans saved|url=https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531093832/https://apnews.com/article/antigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7|archive-date=31 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=AP NEWS|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-29|title=Tragedy at sea: Boat carrying African migrants from Antigua capsizes near St Kitts|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520064903/https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/|archive-date=20 May 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Vivian|date=2023-03-31|title=Fury as gov't says it bears no responsibility for migrant boat tragedy|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419124847/https://antiguaobserver.com/fury-as-govt-says-it-bears-no-responsibility-for-migrant-boat-tragedy/|archive-date=19 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Less than 600 West African migrants remain in Antigua {{!}} Loop Caribbean News|url=https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910051756/https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua|archive-date=10 September 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=Loop News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-07|title=The migrants stranded on an island they had not heard of|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822235248/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503|archive-date=22 August 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=BBC News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-02-11|title=Antigua Government says no automatic citizenship for stranded Africans|url=https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423182748/https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/antigua-government-says-no-automatic-citizenship-for-stranded-africans/|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=2023-04-19|website=CNW Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{main|Africa–China relations}}

==== Africa–China relations ====
Yaɣ'yini din daabiligu be tooni [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC). Forum on China–Africa Cooperation nyɛla daabiligu balibu noiŋbu Africa tiŋgbana ni mini China.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|pages=56|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tum FOCAC zaŋ gɔhi taba ni yuuni 2012, African Union gab nyɛla din tim nuu ni tabi-sɔŋ ni, amaa  Africantingbana din be FOCAC na kuli nyɛla din zani ti di maŋa sahakam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|page=57|oclc=1249712936}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Africa–EU relations ====
Zaŋ jendi European Commission polo, European Union's biɛhigu ni Africa nyɛla din kpa talahi. Tooni ha Africa-EU laɣim tum niya ni European Commission mini European External Action Service nyɛla din kahigi Joint Communication ni &quot;Towards a Comprehensive Strategy with Africa&quot;. Di buɣisila laɣim tum ni:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|date=2020-11-03|title=Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085246/https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/topics/africa-eu-partnership_en|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=International Partnerships - European Commission|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 52020JC0004 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516184133/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?qid=1583753318333&amp;uri=JOIN:2020:4:FIN|archive-date=16 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=eur-lex.europa.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Green Transition and Energy Access
* Digital Transformation
* Sustainable Growth and Jobs&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mobilising Investments for African structural sustainable transformation {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513082259/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/mobilising-investments-african-structural-sustainable-transformation|archive-date=13 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Strengthening Resilience, Peace, Security and Governance {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085847/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Peace, Security and Governance&lt;ref name=&quot;africa-eu-partnership.org&quot; /&gt;
* Migration and Mobility&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Migration and mobility {{!}} The Africa-EU Partnership|url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085848/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/migration-and-mobility|archive-date=10 May 2021|access-date=2021-05-28|website=africa-eu-partnership.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Lahabali_kɔligu:Eritrea_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg|thumb|[[South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011]]]]
In response to the ongoing Darfur conflict in Sudan, the AU has deployed 7,000 peacekeepers, many from Rwanda and Nigeria, to Darfur. While a donor's conference in Addis Ababa in 2005 helped raise funds to sustain the peacekeepers through that year and into 2006, in July 2006 the AU said it would pull out at the end of September when its mandate expires.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=28 June 2006|title=AU Darfur mission 'to end soon'|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826204932/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5124608.stm|archive-date=26 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Critics of the AU peacekeepers, including Eric Reeves, have said these forces are largely ineffective due to lack of funds, personnel, and expertise. Monitoring a large area has made it even more difficult to sustain an effective mission. In June 2006, the United States Congress appropriated US$173&amp;nbsp;million for the AU force. Some, such as the Genocide Intervention Network, have called for UN or NATO intervention to augment and/or replace the AU peacekeepers. The UN has considered deploying a force, though it would not likely enter the country until at least October 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Security Council Authorises Deployment of United Nations-African Union 'Hybrid' Peace Operation in Bid To Resolve Darfur Conflict|url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc9089.doc.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815184454/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/sc9089.doc.htm|archive-date=15 August 2007|access-date=26 November 2012|publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; The under-funded and badly equipped AU mission was set to expire on 31 December 2006 but was extended to 30 June 2007 and merged with the United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur in October 2007. In July 2009 the African Union ceased cooperation with the International Criminal Court, refusing to recognise the international arrest warrant it had issued against Sudan's leader, Omar al-Bashir, who was indicted in 2008 for war crimes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=5 July 2009|title=African move on Bashir dismissed|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225224733/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8134718.stm|archive-date=25 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The AU struggled to have a strategic role in the independence talks and the reconciliation process of South Sudan, due to overwhelming interests of African and non-African powers, its influence is still limited and not consistent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Sulaiman|first=Abubkar o.|author2=Agoha, Ifeanyi Chuckwu|date=1 October 2013|title=South Sudan Negotiated Independence: A Critique of African Union's Role|journal=European Journal of Sustainable Development|volume=2|issue=3|pages=145–154|bibcode=2013EJSD....2..145S|doi=10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n3p145|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Clear}}

== Economy ==
{{main|Economy of the African Union}}

[[African Continental Free Trade Area|African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)]] nyɛla bɛ ni daa piligi shɛli ni tiŋgbana pihinu ni anahi tiŋgbana pihinu ni anu maa puuni ka di daabilim nyɛ din daa piligi Silimiin goli January dahin yini yuuni 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shendruk|first=Amanda|date=2020-12-31|title=The world's largest free trade area starts up on Jan. 1, 2021|url=https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|access-date=2021-01-04|website=Quartz|language=en|archive-date=4 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104075017/https://qz.com/1951523/what-is-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; African Export–Import Bank, nyɛla din yɛn tabi sɔŋ ka bɛ piligi Pan-African Payment and Settlement System..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |title=Profile: African Union |date=1 July 2006 |access-date=10 July 2006 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060712034155/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3870303.stm |archive-date=12 July 2006 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Clear}}
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]]
(km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|title=The World Bank DataBank {{!}} Explore. Create. Share|website=databank.worldbank.org|access-date=4 February 2017|archive-date=7 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107162640/http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[List of countries by population|Population]]
{{UN_Population|Year}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;wdi&quot; /&gt;
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |title=2015 Human Development Report |last=Office |first=Human Development Report |website=report.hdr.undp.org |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211223435/http://report.hdr.undp.org/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016 |title=The Fragile States Index 2016 {{!}} The Fund for Peace|website=fsi.fundforpeace.org|access-date=12 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204213240/http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016|archive-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2016 |last=e.V. |first=Transparency International |newspaper=transparency.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=30 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170130045244/http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/index/ |title=Index of Economic Freedom: Promoting Economic Opportunity and Prosperity by Country |website=www.heritage.org |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=29 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629215405/http://www.heritage.org/index/ |url-status=unfit }}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016 |title=Vision of Humanity |website=static.visionofhumanity.org |access-date=12 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213091208/http://static.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2016|archive-date=13 February 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Press Freedom Index|WPFI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://rsf.org/en/ranking|title=2016 World Press Freedom Index {{!}} Reporters Without Borders|newspaper=RSF|access-date=12 February 2017|archive-date=1 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201195036/https://rsf.org/en/ranking|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |title=Democracy Index 2016 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224070253/http://pages.eiu.com/rs/783-XMC-194/images/Democracy_Index_2016.pdf |archive-date=24 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Country|Algeria}}
|2,381,741
|{{UN_Population|Algeria}}
|548,293,085,686
|13,823
|0.736
|78.3
|34
|50.06
|2.21
|41.69
|3.56
|-
|{{Country|Angola}}
|1,246,700
|{{UN_Population|Angola}}
|173,593,223,667
|6,938
|0.532
|90.5
|18
|48.94
|2.14
|39.89
|3.40
|-
|{{Country|Benin}}
|112,760
|{{UN_Population|Benin}}
|21,016,184,357
|1,932
|0.48
|78.9
|36
|59.31
|2.00
|28.97
|5.67
|-
|{{Country|Botswana}}
|566,730
|{{UN_Population|Botswana}}
|33,657,545,969
|14,876
|0.698
|63.5
|60
|71.07
|1.64
|22.91
|7.87
|-
|{{Country|Burkina Faso}}
|273,600
|{{UN_Population|Burkina Faso}}
|28,840,666,622
|1,593
|0.402
|89.4
|42
|59.09
|2.06
|22.66
|4.70
|-
|{{Country|Burundi}}
|25,680
|{{UN_Population|Burundi}}
|7,634,578,343
|300
|0.4
|100.7
|20
|53.91
|2.50
|54.10
|2.40
|-
|{{Country|Cape Verde}}
|4,030
|{{UN_Population|Cape Verde}}
|3,205,197,585
|6,158
|0.646
|71.5
|59
|66.46
|N/A
|19.82
|7.94
|-
|{{Country|Cameroon}}
|472,710
|{{UN_Population|Cameroon}}
|68,302,439,597
|2,926
|0.512
|97.8
|26
|54.18
|2.36
|40.53
|3.46
|-
|{{Country|Central African Republic}}
|622,980
|{{UN_Population|Central African Republic}}
|2,847,726,468
|581
|0.35
|112.1
|20
|45.23
|3.35
|33.60
|1.61
|-
|{{Country|Chad}}
|1,259,200
|{{UN_Population|Chad}}
|28,686,194,920
|2,044
|0.392
|110.1
|20
|46.33
|2.46
|40.59
|1.50
|-
|{{Country|Comoros}}
|1,861
|{{UN_Population|Comoros}}
|1,098,546,195
|1,393
|0.503
|83.8
|24
|52.35
|N/A
|24.33
|3.71
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Democratic Republic of the}}
|2,267,050
|{{UN_Population|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|56,920,935,460
|300
|0.433
|
|21
|46.38
|3.11
|50.97
|1.93
|-
|{{Country|Congo, Republic of the}}
|341,500
|{{UN_Population|Congo}}
|27,690,345,067
|5,993
|0.591
|92.2
|20
|42.80
|2.25
|35.84
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Djibouti}}
|23,180
|{{UN_Population|Djibouti}}
|2,911,406,226
|3,279
|0.47
|89.7
|30
|55.96
|2.29
|70.90
|2.83
|-
|{{Country|Egypt}}
|1,010,407
|{{UN_Population|Egypt}}
|1,173,000,000,000
|10,250
|0.69
|90.2
|34
|55.96
|2.57
|54.45
|3.31
|-
|{{Country|Equatorial Guinea}}
|28,050
|{{UN_Population|Equatorial Guinea}}
|32,317,928,931
|38,243
|0.587
|85.2
|N/A
|43.67
|1.94
|66.47
|1.70
|-
|{{Country|Eritrea}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |title=Eritrea |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121011902/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|101,000
|{{UN_Population|Eritrea}}
|8,845,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.391
|98.6
|18
|42.7
|2.46
|83.92
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Eswatini}}
|17,204
|{{UN_Population|Eswatini}}
|10,452,834,007
|8,122
|0.531
|87.6
|N/A
|59.65
|2.07
|52.37
|3.03
|-
|{{Country|Ethiopia}}
|1,104,300
|{{UN_Population|Ethiopia}}
|152,057,290,468
|1,530
|0.442
|97.2
|34
|51.52
|2.28
|45.13
|3.60
|-
|{{Country|Gabon}}
|257,670
|{{UN_Population|Gabon}}
|32,539,376,597
|18,860
|0.684
|72
|35
|58.96
|2.03
|32.20
|3.74
|-
|{{Country|Gambia, The}}
|10,120
|{{UN_Population|Gambia}}
|3,140,820,062
|1,578
|0.441
|86.8
|26
|57.14
|2.09
|46.53
|2.91
|-
|{{Country|Ghana}}
|227,540
|{{UN_Population|Ghana}}
|108,393,071,924
|3,955
|0.579
|71.2
|43
|63.00
|1.81
|17.95
|6.75
|-
|{{Country|Guinea}}
|245,720
|{{UN_Population|Guinea}}
|14,316,884,358
|1,135
|0.411
|103.8
|27
|53.33
|2.15
|33.08
|3.14
|-
|{{Country|Guinea-Bissau}}
|28,120
|{{UN_Population|Guinea-Bissau}}
|2,521,743,682
|1,367
|0.42
|99.8
|16
|51.81
|2.26
|29.03
|1.98
|-
|{{Country|Ivory Coast}}
|318,000
|{{UN_Population|Ivory Coast}}
|74,916,780,423
|3,300
|0.462
|97.9
|34
|60.01
|2.28
|30.17
|3.81
|-
|{{Country|Kenya}}
|569,140
|{{UN_Population|Kenya}}
|133,592,522,053
|2,901
|0.548
|98.3
|26
|57.51
|2.38
|31.16
|5.33
|-
|{{Country|Lesotho}}
|30,360
|{{UN_Population|Lesotho}}
|5,914,437,068
|2,770
|0.497
|80.9
|39
|50.62
|1.94
|28.78
|6.59
|-
|{{Country|Liberia}}
|96,320
|{{UN_Population|Liberia}}
|3,533,313,381
|500
|0.43
|95.5
|37
|52.19
|2.00
|30.71
|5.31
|-
|{{Country|Libya}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya/ |title=Libya |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109235257/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,759,540
|{{UN_Population|Libya}}
|94,010,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|14,900&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.724
|96.4
|14
|N/A
|3.20
|57.89
|2.25
|-
|{{Country|Madagascar}}
|581,800
|{{UN_Population|Madagascar}}
|33,354,200,458
|1,376
|0.51
|84.2
|26
|61.06
|1.76
|27.04
|5.07
|-
|{{Country|Malawi}}
|94,280
|{{UN_Population|Malawi}}
|19,137,290,349
|1,112
|0.445
|87.6
|31
|51.8
|1.82
|28.12
|5.55
|-
|{{Country|Mali}}
|1,220,190
|{{UN_Population|Mali}}
|33,524,899,739
|1,905
|0.419
|95.2
|32
|56.54
|2.49
|39.83
|5.70
|-
|{{Country|Mauritania}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |title=Mauritania |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=7 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107034713/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,030,700
|{{UN_Population|Mauritania}}
|16,190,000,000&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|4,400&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|0.506
|95.4
|27
|54.8
|2.30
|24.03
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Mauritius}}
|2,030
|{{UN_Population|Mauritius}}
|23,817,914,134
|18,864
|0.777
|43.2
|54
|74.73
|1.56
|27.69
|8.28
|-
|{{Country|Morocco}}
|446,300
|{{UN_Population|Morocco}}
|257,398,957,178
|7,365
|0.628
|74.2
|37
|61.27
|2.09
|42.64
|4.77
|-
|{{Country|Mozambique}}
|786,380
|{{UN_Population|Mozambique}}
|31,326,751,237
|1,120
|0.416
|87.8
|27
|53.19
|1.96
|30.25
|4.02
|-
|{{Country|Namibia}}
|823,290
|{{UN_Population|Namibia}}
|24,043,436,006
|9,778
|0.628
|71.1
|52
|61.85
|1.87
|15.15
|6.31
|-
|{{Country|Niger}}
|1,266,700
|{{UN_Population|Niger}}
|17,857,377,171
|897
|0.348
|98.4
|35
|54.26
|2.24
|24.62
|3.96
|-
|{{Country|Nigeria}}
|910,770
|{{UN_Population|Nigeria}}
|1,168,000,000,000
|5,639
|0.514
|103.5
|28
|57.46
|2.88
|35.90
|4.50
|-
|{{Country|Rwanda}}
|24,670
|{{UN_Population|Rwanda}}
|19,216,033,048
|1,655
|0.483
|91.3
|54
|63.07
|2.32
|54.61
|3.07
|-
|{{Country|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|960
|{{UN_Population|Sao Tome and Principe}}
|575,391,345
|3,023
|0.555
|72.9
|46
|56.71
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Senegal}}
|192,530
|{{UN_Population|Senegal}}
|34,398,281,018
|2,274
|0.466
|83.6
|45
|58.09
|1.98
|27.99
|6.21
|-
|{{Country|Seychelles}}
|460
|{{UN_Population|Seychelles}}
|2,384,515,771
|25,525
|0.772
|60.2
|N/A
|62.2
|N/A
|30.60
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sierra Leone}}
|72,180
|{{UN_Population|Sierra Leone}}
|9,511,431,824
|1,474
|0.413
|91
|30
|52.31
|1.81
|29.94
|4.55
|-
|{{Country|Somalia}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/ |title=Somalia |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-date=1 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701190026/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|627,340
|{{UN_Population|Somalia}}
|5,900,000,000&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|600&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|114
|10
|N/A
|3.41
|65.35
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|South Africa}}
|1,213,090
|{{UN_Population|South Africa}}
|742,461,000,000
|12,393
|0.666
|69.9
|45
|61.9
|2.32
|21.92
|7.41
|-
|{{Country|South Sudan}}
|619,745
|{{UN_Population|South Sudan}}
|21,484,823,398
|1,741
|0.467
|113.8
|11
|N/A
|3.59
|44.87
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Sudan}}
|1,886,086
|{{UN_Population|Sudan}}
|165,813,461,495
|4,121
|0.479
|111.5
|14
|N/A
|3.27
|72.53
|2.37
|-
|{{Country|Tanzania}}
|885,800
|{{UN_Population|United Republic of Tanzania}}
|130,297,806,032
|2,510
|0.521
|81.8
|32
|58.46
|1.90
|28.65
|5.76
|-
|{{Country|Togo}}
|54,390
|{{UN_Population|Togo}}
|10,018,697,437
|1,372
|0.484
|85.8
|32
|53.64
|1.95
|30.31
|3.32
|-
|{{Country|Tunisia}}
|155,360
|{{UN_Population|Tunisia}}
|121,200,025,401
|10,770
|0.721
|74.6
|41
|57.55
|1.95
|31.60
|6.40
|-
|{{Country|Uganda}}
|200,520
|{{UN_Population|Uganda}}
|67,856,334,117
|1,738
|0.483
|97.7
|25
|59.26
|2.15
|32.58
|5.26
|-
|{{Country|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 June 2007 |title=Western Sahara |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|266,000
|{{UN_Population|Western Sahara}}
|906,500,000&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2,500&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|{{Country|Zambia}}
|743,390
|{{UN_Population|Zambia}}
|58,400,082,027
|3,602
|0.586
|86.3
|38
|58.79
|1.78
|35.08
|5.99
|-
|{{Country|Zimbabwe}}
|386,850
|{{UN_Population|Zimbabwe}}
|26,180,942,292
|500
|0.509
|100.5
|22
|38.23
|2.32
|40.41
|3.05
|-
|'''{{noflag|African Union}}'''
|30,370,000
|{{UN_Population|Africa}}
|5,457,724,064,668
|4,602
|0.524&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|88.99&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|31.51&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|55.55&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;
|2.27
|37.89
|4.30
|-
!Country
![[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|Land Area]] (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) 2015
![[List of countries by population|Population]] {{UN_Population|Year}}
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)]]
[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]]
([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Intl. $]]) 2015
![[Human Development Index|HDI]]
2014
![[Fragile States Index|FSI]]
2016
![[Corruption Perceptions Index|CPI]]
2016
![[Index of Economic Freedom|IEF]]
2016
![[Global Peace Index|GPI]]
2016
![[Reporters Without Borders|WPFI]]
2016
![[Democracy Index|DI]]
2016
|}

== Lihimi m-pahi ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Africa Adaptation Initiative]]
* [[African Century]]
* [[African Peer Review Mechanism]]
* [[African Renaissance]]
* [[African Standby Force]]
* [[African Unification Front]]
* [[Africanisation]]
* [[Central Asian Union]]
* [[East African Federation]]
* [[Ezulwini agreement]]
* [[Friends of the African Union]]
* [[Indigenous peoples of Africa]]
* [[List of country groupings]]
* [[List of multilateral free-trade agreements]]
* [[Climate adaptation|Prevention of environmental migration]]
* [[Pan-Africanism]]
* [[Pan-African Women's Organization]]
{{div col end}}

== Noosi ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==Kundivihira==
=== Sources ===
{{Reflist}}

=== General and cited references ===
{{Library resources box}}
* [https://web.archive.org</text>
      <sha1>hulu1bhx379htcyi4vs5vb8zzm9wr3a</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Reparations for slavery</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>32010</id>
    <revision>
      <id>115067</id>
      <parentid>114615</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-10T11:06:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdul Rahman Abdul Kudus</username>
        <id>5829</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Di nambu maa yila &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1294095885|Reparations for slavery]]&quot; lɛbigibu ni na</comment>
      <origin>115067</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3797" sha1="i9xtnn9nlf372d4c8c25xgpoq5tqctr" xml:space="preserve">United Nations General Assembly Resolution 60/147 Di nyɛla tuma ni zaŋ chaŋ ninsalinima yiko polo, n-ti pahi liɣiri din yɛn  yo ka lahi mali liɣiri din yɛn yo n-ti ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;e910&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=15 December 2020|title=Reparations|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/transitional-justice/reparations|access-date=31 May 2025|website=OHCHR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Saɣingu ŋɔ maa tooi zooya ka di gbubi balibu pam, ka di shɛŋa nyɛ tuma niŋgbuna din yan niŋ anfaani kamani liɣiri din yɛn yo ninsala kam; Alikaali din mali n-tam, bɔhimbu paɣibu(scholarships) mini bɔhimbu tuma yaɣa, n-ti pahi tuma din yan kpɛhi toontali ni n-leei yihi biɛrim din be niya ni; bɛi  Tiŋgbani yaɣili din yan yo n-ti pahi maŋsulinsi, ban mali alaafeei paɣibu, kpɛrigu niŋbu(apology) n-ti pahi baŋsim din nyɛla biɛrim maa be niya ni;&lt;ref name=&quot;UMass Reparations Article&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Davis|first=Allen|date=May 11, 2020|title=An Historical Timeline of Reparations Payments Made From 1783 through 2020 by the United States Government, States, Cities, Religious Institutions, Colleges and Universities, and Corporations|url=https://guides.library.umass.edu/reparations|access-date=July 12, 2020|publisher=University of Massachusetts Amherst}}&lt;/ref&gt; Monumenti din yan yihi ka yuli booni so' chibisi(enslavers) maa yihi, n-ti pahi soli din mali yuli din nyɛ so' chibisi maa yuli niŋgbuna soli maa ni, ka lahi yuli boli shɛli n-ti so' chibisi(abolitionist) bee ninsala so ŋun daŋ di nasara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Black Asheville Demands&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 26, 2020|title=Reparations Section|url=https://www.blackavldemands.org/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615185752/https://www.blackavldemands.org/|archive-date=15 June 2020|access-date=July 12, 2020|website=Black Asheville Demands (BAD)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Kepley-Steward|first=Kristy|last2=Santostasi|first2=Stephanie|date=July 10, 2020|title=Confederate monuments in downtown Asheville removed or covered|url=https://wlos.com/news/local/vance-monument-robert-e-lee-confederate-monuments-downtown-asheville-removed-covered|access-date=July 12, 2020|website=wlos.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Development aid ku tooi kali di niŋbu ni saɣingu .&lt;ref name=&quot;u881&quot; /&gt;
Shɛba nyɛla ban mali niya kadama liɣiri din yɛn yo n-ti saɣingu ku saɣi, ka bɔra ni saɣingu zaŋ chaŋ paɣibu polorepatriate Tiŋgbani shɛli polo ŋun yi kana pɔi ka so'chibisi tiŋgbani ŋɔ naai, ka lahi chɛgi siyaasa ni tuma ni liɣiri biɛhigu ŋɔ .&lt;ref name=&quot;u881&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Andrews|first=Kehinde|year=2024|title=The Knife is Still in Our Backs: Reparations Washing and the Limits of Reparatory Justice Campaigns|journal=Development and Change|publisher=Wiley|volume=55|issue=4|pages=628–650|doi=10.1111/dech.12848|issn=0012-155X|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yuuni 2022 silimin goli December, Netherlands tiŋgbani zuɣulana paa Mark Rutte, tim sandaani n-ti Dutch Government di niŋ tuma ni so'chibisi tali polo laɣingu din be National Archivestiŋgbani The Haguepuuni, Ŋun daa mali  laɣingu maa ni daanbolo ban nya tuma duri pam ka lahi niŋ di alikauli ni bɛ yɛn ti liɣiri din yiɣsi 200 million n-ti pahi baŋsim zaŋ chaŋ so'chibisi tali maa ni naai shɛm zuŋɔ, silimin july dabaa ayi dali,yuuni 2023 ka di mini Dutch Caribbean tiŋgbani, Suriname, ni tiŋgbani shɛŋa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=19 December 2022|title=Government apologises for the Netherlands' role in the history of slavery|url=https://www.government.nl/latest/news/2022/12/19/government-apologises-for-the-netherlands-role-in-the-history-of-slavery|access-date=12 May 2023|website=Government of the Netherlands}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mission Statement|url=https://www.heirsofslavery.org/mission-statement|access-date=12 May 2023|website=Heirs of Slavery}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="7767" sha1="hzycke918ixht251kl6xmj7512zgg2x" xml:space="preserve">United Nations General Assembly Resolution 60/147 Di nyɛla tuma ni zaŋ chaŋ ninsalinima yiko polo, n-ti pahi liɣiri din yɛn  yo ka lahi mali liɣiri din yɛn yo n-ti ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;e910&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=15 December 2020|title=Reparations|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/transitional-justice/reparations|access-date=31 May 2025|website=OHCHR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Saɣingu ŋɔ maa tooi zooya ka di gbubi balibu pam, ka di shɛŋa nyɛ tuma niŋgbuna din yan niŋ anfaani kamani liɣiri din yɛn yo ninsala kam; Alikaali din mali n-tam, bɔhimbu paɣibu(scholarships) mini bɔhimbu tuma yaɣa, n-ti pahi tuma din yan kpɛhi toontali ni n-leei yihi biɛrim din be niya ni; bɛi  Tiŋgbani yaɣili din yan yo n-ti pahi maŋsulinsi, ban mali alaafeei paɣibu, kpɛrigu niŋbu(apology) n-ti pahi baŋsim din nyɛla biɛrim maa be niya ni;&lt;ref name=&quot;UMass Reparations Article&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Davis|first=Allen|date=May 11, 2020|title=An Historical Timeline of Reparations Payments Made From 1783 through 2020 by the United States Government, States, Cities, Religious Institutions, Colleges and Universities, and Corporations|url=https://guides.library.umass.edu/reparations|access-date=July 12, 2020|publisher=University of Massachusetts Amherst}}&lt;/ref&gt; Monumenti din yan yihi ka yuli booni so' chibisi(enslavers) maa yihi, n-ti pahi soli din mali yuli din nyɛ so' chibisi maa yuli niŋgbuna soli maa ni, ka lahi yuli boli shɛli n-ti so' chibisi(abolitionist) bee ninsala so ŋun daŋ di nasara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Black Asheville Demands&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 26, 2020|title=Reparations Section|url=https://www.blackavldemands.org/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615185752/https://www.blackavldemands.org/|archive-date=15 June 2020|access-date=July 12, 2020|website=Black Asheville Demands (BAD)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Kepley-Steward|first=Kristy|last2=Santostasi|first2=Stephanie|date=July 10, 2020|title=Confederate monuments in downtown Asheville removed or covered|url=https://wlos.com/news/local/vance-monument-robert-e-lee-confederate-monuments-downtown-asheville-removed-covered|access-date=July 12, 2020|website=wlos.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Development aid ku tooi kali di niŋbu ni saɣingu .&lt;ref name=&quot;u881&quot; /&gt;
Shɛba nyɛla ban mali niya kadama liɣiri din yɛn yo n-ti saɣingu ku saɣi, ka bɔra ni saɣingu zaŋ chaŋ paɣibu polorepatriate Tiŋgbani shɛli polo ŋun yi kana pɔi ka so'chibisi tiŋgbani ŋɔ naai, ka lahi chɛgi siyaasa ni tuma ni liɣiri biɛhigu ŋɔ .&lt;ref name=&quot;u881&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Andrews|first=Kehinde|year=2024|title=The Knife is Still in Our Backs: Reparations Washing and the Limits of Reparatory Justice Campaigns|journal=Development and Change|publisher=Wiley|volume=55|issue=4|pages=628–650|doi=10.1111/dech.12848|issn=0012-155X|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yuuni 2022 silimin goli December, Netherlands tiŋgbani zuɣulana paa Mark Rutte, tim sandaani n-ti Dutch Government di niŋ tuma ni so'chibisi tali polo laɣingu din be National Archivestiŋgbani The Haguepuuni, Ŋun daa mali  laɣingu maa ni daanbolo ban nya tuma duri pam ka lahi niŋ di alikauli ni bɛ yɛn ti liɣiri din yiɣsi 200 million n-ti pahi baŋsim zaŋ chaŋ so'chibisi tali maa ni naai shɛm zuŋɔ, silimin july dabaa ayi dali,yuuni 2023 ka di mini Dutch Caribbean tiŋgbani, Suriname, ni tiŋgbani shɛŋa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=19 December 2022|title=Government apologises for the Netherlands' role in the history of slavery|url=https://www.government.nl/latest/news/2022/12/19/government-apologises-for-the-netherlands-role-in-the-history-of-slavery|access-date=12 May 2023|website=Government of the Netherlands}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mission Statement|url=https://www.heirsofslavery.org/mission-statement|access-date=12 May 2023|website=Heirs of Slavery}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite news|title=The centuries-long fight for reparations|first=Ana Lucia|last=Araujo|author-link=Ana Lucia Araujo|date=April 28, 2019
|newspaper=[[Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2019/04/28/centuries-long-fight-reparations/}}
&lt;!--* Araujo, Ana Lucia. 2017. &quot;Reparations for Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History&quot;?'','' New York: Bloomsbury Academic, pp. 276.--&gt;
* Araujo, Ana Lucia. 2017. ''Reparations for Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History'', New York / London: Bloomsbury Academic. {{ISBN|135001060X}}
* Barragan, Yesenia. 2021. ''Freedom's Captives: Slavery and Gradual Emancipation on the Colombian Black Pacific (Afro-Latin America)'', Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{doi|10.1017/9781108935890}}
* [[Hilary Beckles|Beckles, Hilary]]. ''Britain's Black Debt: Reparations for Caribbean Slavery and Native Genocide'', Kingston: University of the West Indies Press, 2013. {{ISBN|978-9766402686}}
* Buser, Andreas. [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3050647 &quot;Colonial Injustices and the Law of State Responsibility: The CARICOM Claim to Compensate Slavery and (Native) Genocide&quot;], ''Heidelberg Journal of International Law'' (2017), pp.&amp;nbsp;409–446.
* [[Ta-Nehisi Coates|Coates, Ta-Nehisi]]. [https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631/ &quot;The Case for Reparations&quot;], ''The Atlantic'', June 2014.
* du Plessis, Max. 2003. &quot;Historical Injustice and International Law: An Exploratory Discussion of Reparation for Slavery&quot; Human Rights Quarterly, 25(3), 624–659.
* Manjapra, Kris. June 17, 2022. &quot;D.C.'s Enslavers Got Reparations. Freed People Got Nothing&quot;, ''Politico''.
* Manjapra, Kris. 2019. &quot;The Scandal of the British Slavery Abolition Act Loan&quot;, ''Social and Economic Studies'', 68(3/4), 165–184. {{JSTOR|45299245}}
* {{citation |author=United Nations General Assembly |title=Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law |date=16 December 2005 |id=A/RES/60/147 |url=http://undocs.org/A/RES/60/147 |access-date=10 July 2017 }} ([http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/RemedyAndReparation.aspx HTML version]) with a definition and the components of full and effective reparation, as laid out in principles 19 to 23.
* America, Richard F. ''Wealth of Races: The Present Value of Benefits from Past Injustices''. Praeger Press, 2002. {{ISBN|0313257531}}
* Burlette, Carterm W.. [http://scholarship.law.gwu.edu/faculty_publications/1030/ &quot;True Reparations&quot;], ''The George Washington Law Review'', Vol. 68, No. 1021, 2000.
* America, Richard F. &quot;Racial Inequality, Economic Dysfunction, and Reparations'', ''Challenge,'' Vol. 38, No. 6, 1995, pp.&amp;nbsp;40–45. {{JSTOR|40721651}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
* ''[https://policy.m4bl.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Reparations-Now-Toolkit-FINAL.pdf Reparations Now Toolkit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015100013/https://policy.m4bl.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Reparations-Now-Toolkit-FINAL.pdf |date=15 October 2019 }}'', Movement for Black Lives, 2019.
* ''[http://www.c-span.org/person/?richardamerica The Case for Black Reparations]'', Richard F. America, C-SPAN video of the TransAfrica Forum, 11 January 2000.
* ''[https://www.npr.org/programs/specials/racism/010827.reparations.html Making Amends: Debate Continues Over Reparations for U.S. Slavery]'', National Public Radio, August 27, 2001.
*[http://www.zinnedproject.org/news/reparations-and-climate-justice/ Reparations and Climate Justice] (w/ Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò), part of the Teach the Black Freedom Struggle online series.
* [https://caricomreparations.org/ Caribbean Reparations Commission]

[[Category:Reparations for slavery| ]]</text>
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      <id>115069</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Abdul Rahman Abdul Kudus</username>
        <id>5829</id>
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      <text bytes="7780" sha1="97ay196i04tjdj5r3fx5etxaebpfk69" xml:space="preserve">== Balibu ==
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 60/147 Di nyɛla tuma ni zaŋ chaŋ ninsalinima yiko polo, n-ti pahi liɣiri din yɛn  yo ka lahi mali liɣiri din yɛn yo n-ti ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;e910&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=15 December 2020|title=Reparations|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/transitional-justice/reparations|access-date=31 May 2025|website=OHCHR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Saɣingu ŋɔ maa tooi zooya ka di gbubi balibu pam, ka di shɛŋa nyɛ tuma niŋgbuna din yan niŋ anfaani kamani liɣiri din yɛn yo ninsala kam; Alikaali din mali n-tam, bɔhimbu paɣibu(scholarships) mini bɔhimbu tuma yaɣa, n-ti pahi tuma din yan kpɛhi toontali ni n-leei yihi biɛrim din be niya ni; bɛi  Tiŋgbani yaɣili din yan yo n-ti pahi maŋsulinsi, ban mali alaafeei paɣibu, kpɛrigu niŋbu(apology) n-ti pahi baŋsim din nyɛla biɛrim maa be niya ni;&lt;ref name=&quot;UMass Reparations Article&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Davis|first=Allen|date=May 11, 2020|title=An Historical Timeline of Reparations Payments Made From 1783 through 2020 by the United States Government, States, Cities, Religious Institutions, Colleges and Universities, and Corporations|url=https://guides.library.umass.edu/reparations|access-date=July 12, 2020|publisher=University of Massachusetts Amherst}}&lt;/ref&gt; Monumenti din yan yihi ka yuli booni so' chibisi(enslavers) maa yihi, n-ti pahi soli din mali yuli din nyɛ so' chibisi maa yuli niŋgbuna soli maa ni, ka lahi yuli boli shɛli n-ti so' chibisi(abolitionist) bee ninsala so ŋun daŋ di nasara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Black Asheville Demands&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 26, 2020|title=Reparations Section|url=https://www.blackavldemands.org/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615185752/https://www.blackavldemands.org/|archive-date=15 June 2020|access-date=July 12, 2020|website=Black Asheville Demands (BAD)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Kepley-Steward|first=Kristy|last2=Santostasi|first2=Stephanie|date=July 10, 2020|title=Confederate monuments in downtown Asheville removed or covered|url=https://wlos.com/news/local/vance-monument-robert-e-lee-confederate-monuments-downtown-asheville-removed-covered|access-date=July 12, 2020|website=wlos.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Development aid ku tooi kali di niŋbu ni saɣingu .&lt;ref name=&quot;u881&quot; /&gt;
Shɛba nyɛla ban mali niya kadama liɣiri din yɛn yo n-ti saɣingu ku saɣi, ka bɔra ni saɣingu zaŋ chaŋ paɣibu polorepatriate Tiŋgbani shɛli polo ŋun yi kana pɔi ka so'chibisi tiŋgbani ŋɔ naai, ka lahi chɛgi siyaasa ni tuma ni liɣiri biɛhigu ŋɔ .&lt;ref name=&quot;u881&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Andrews|first=Kehinde|year=2024|title=The Knife is Still in Our Backs: Reparations Washing and the Limits of Reparatory Justice Campaigns|journal=Development and Change|publisher=Wiley|volume=55|issue=4|pages=628–650|doi=10.1111/dech.12848|issn=0012-155X|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yuuni 2022 silimin goli December, Netherlands tiŋgbani zuɣulana paa Mark Rutte, tim sandaani n-ti Dutch Government di niŋ tuma ni so'chibisi tali polo laɣingu din be National Archivestiŋgbani The Haguepuuni, Ŋun daa mali  laɣingu maa ni daanbolo ban nya tuma duri pam ka lahi niŋ di alikauli ni bɛ yɛn ti liɣiri din yiɣsi 200 million n-ti pahi baŋsim zaŋ chaŋ so'chibisi tali maa ni naai shɛm zuŋɔ, silimin july dabaa ayi dali,yuuni 2023 ka di mini Dutch Caribbean tiŋgbani, Suriname, ni tiŋgbani shɛŋa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=19 December 2022|title=Government apologises for the Netherlands' role in the history of slavery|url=https://www.government.nl/latest/news/2022/12/19/government-apologises-for-the-netherlands-role-in-the-history-of-slavery|access-date=12 May 2023|website=Government of the Netherlands}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mission Statement|url=https://www.heirsofslavery.org/mission-statement|access-date=12 May 2023|website=Heirs of Slavery}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite news|title=The centuries-long fight for reparations|first=Ana Lucia|last=Araujo|author-link=Ana Lucia Araujo|date=April 28, 2019
|newspaper=[[Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2019/04/28/centuries-long-fight-reparations/}}
&lt;!--* Araujo, Ana Lucia. 2017. &quot;Reparations for Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History&quot;?'','' New York: Bloomsbury Academic, pp. 276.--&gt;
* Araujo, Ana Lucia. 2017. ''Reparations for Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History'', New York / London: Bloomsbury Academic. {{ISBN|135001060X}}
* Barragan, Yesenia. 2021. ''Freedom's Captives: Slavery and Gradual Emancipation on the Colombian Black Pacific (Afro-Latin America)'', Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{doi|10.1017/9781108935890}}
* [[Hilary Beckles|Beckles, Hilary]]. ''Britain's Black Debt: Reparations for Caribbean Slavery and Native Genocide'', Kingston: University of the West Indies Press, 2013. {{ISBN|978-9766402686}}
* Buser, Andreas. [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3050647 &quot;Colonial Injustices and the Law of State Responsibility: The CARICOM Claim to Compensate Slavery and (Native) Genocide&quot;], ''Heidelberg Journal of International Law'' (2017), pp.&amp;nbsp;409–446.
* [[Ta-Nehisi Coates|Coates, Ta-Nehisi]]. [https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631/ &quot;The Case for Reparations&quot;], ''The Atlantic'', June 2014.
* du Plessis, Max. 2003. &quot;Historical Injustice and International Law: An Exploratory Discussion of Reparation for Slavery&quot; Human Rights Quarterly, 25(3), 624–659.
* Manjapra, Kris. June 17, 2022. &quot;D.C.'s Enslavers Got Reparations. Freed People Got Nothing&quot;, ''Politico''.
* Manjapra, Kris. 2019. &quot;The Scandal of the British Slavery Abolition Act Loan&quot;, ''Social and Economic Studies'', 68(3/4), 165–184. {{JSTOR|45299245}}
* {{citation |author=United Nations General Assembly |title=Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law |date=16 December 2005 |id=A/RES/60/147 |url=http://undocs.org/A/RES/60/147 |access-date=10 July 2017 }} ([http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/RemedyAndReparation.aspx HTML version]) with a definition and the components of full and effective reparation, as laid out in principles 19 to 23.
* America, Richard F. ''Wealth of Races: The Present Value of Benefits from Past Injustices''. Praeger Press, 2002. {{ISBN|0313257531}}
* Burlette, Carterm W.. [http://scholarship.law.gwu.edu/faculty_publications/1030/ &quot;True Reparations&quot;], ''The George Washington Law Review'', Vol. 68, No. 1021, 2000.
* America, Richard F. &quot;Racial Inequality, Economic Dysfunction, and Reparations'', ''Challenge,'' Vol. 38, No. 6, 1995, pp.&amp;nbsp;40–45. {{JSTOR|40721651}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
* ''[https://policy.m4bl.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Reparations-Now-Toolkit-FINAL.pdf Reparations Now Toolkit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015100013/https://policy.m4bl.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Reparations-Now-Toolkit-FINAL.pdf |date=15 October 2019 }}'', Movement for Black Lives, 2019.
* ''[http://www.c-span.org/person/?richardamerica The Case for Black Reparations]'', Richard F. America, C-SPAN video of the TransAfrica Forum, 11 January 2000.
* ''[https://www.npr.org/programs/specials/racism/010827.reparations.html Making Amends: Debate Continues Over Reparations for U.S. Slavery]'', National Public Radio, August 27, 2001.
*[http://www.zinnedproject.org/news/reparations-and-climate-justice/ Reparations and Climate Justice] (w/ Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò), part of the Teach the Black Freedom Struggle online series.
* [https://caricomreparations.org/ Caribbean Reparations Commission]

[[Category:Reparations for slavery| ]]</text>
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United Nations General Assembly Resolution 60/147 Di nyɛla tuma ni zaŋ chaŋ ninsalinima yiko polo, n-ti pahi liɣiri din yɛn  yo ka lahi mali liɣiri din yɛn yo n-ti ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;e910&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=15 December 2020|title=Reparations|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/transitional-justice/reparations|access-date=31 May 2025|website=OHCHR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Balibu ==
Saɣingu ŋɔ maa tooi zooya ka di gbubi balibu pam, ka di shɛŋa nyɛ tuma niŋgbuna din yan niŋ anfaani kamani liɣiri din yɛn yo ninsala kam; Alikaali din mali n-tam, bɔhimbu paɣibu(scholarships) mini bɔhimbu tuma yaɣa, n-ti pahi tuma din yan kpɛhi toontali ni n-leei yihi biɛrim din be niya ni; bɛi  Tiŋgbani yaɣili din yan yo n-ti pahi maŋsulinsi, ban mali alaafeei paɣibu, kpɛrigu niŋbu(apology) n-ti pahi baŋsim din nyɛla biɛrim maa be niya ni;&lt;ref name=&quot;UMass Reparations Article&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Davis|first=Allen|date=May 11, 2020|title=An Historical Timeline of Reparations Payments Made From 1783 through 2020 by the United States Government, States, Cities, Religious Institutions, Colleges and Universities, and Corporations|url=https://guides.library.umass.edu/reparations|access-date=July 12, 2020|publisher=University of Massachusetts Amherst}}&lt;/ref&gt; Monumenti din yan yihi ka yuli booni so' chibisi(enslavers) maa yihi, n-ti pahi soli din mali yuli din nyɛ so' chibisi maa yuli niŋgbuna soli maa ni, ka lahi yuli boli shɛli n-ti so' chibisi(abolitionist) bee ninsala so ŋun daŋ di nasara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Black Asheville Demands&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 26, 2020|title=Reparations Section|url=https://www.blackavldemands.org/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615185752/https://www.blackavldemands.org/|archive-date=15 June 2020|access-date=July 12, 2020|website=Black Asheville Demands (BAD)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Kepley-Steward|first=Kristy|last2=Santostasi|first2=Stephanie|date=July 10, 2020|title=Confederate monuments in downtown Asheville removed or covered|url=https://wlos.com/news/local/vance-monument-robert-e-lee-confederate-monuments-downtown-asheville-removed-covered|access-date=July 12, 2020|website=wlos.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Development aid ku tooi kali di niŋbu ni saɣingu .&lt;ref name=&quot;u881&quot; /&gt;
Shɛba nyɛla ban mali niya kadama liɣiri din yɛn yo n-ti saɣingu ku saɣi, ka bɔra ni saɣingu zaŋ chaŋ paɣibu polorepatriate Tiŋgbani shɛli polo ŋun yi kana pɔi ka so'chibisi tiŋgbani ŋɔ naai, ka lahi chɛgi siyaasa ni tuma ni liɣiri biɛhigu ŋɔ .&lt;ref name=&quot;u881&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Andrews|first=Kehinde|year=2024|title=The Knife is Still in Our Backs: Reparations Washing and the Limits of Reparatory Justice Campaigns|journal=Development and Change|publisher=Wiley|volume=55|issue=4|pages=628–650|doi=10.1111/dech.12848|issn=0012-155X|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yuuni 2022 silimin goli December, Netherlands tiŋgbani zuɣulana paa Mark Rutte, tim sandaani n-ti Dutch Government di niŋ tuma ni so'chibisi tali polo laɣingu din be National Archivestiŋgbani The Haguepuuni, Ŋun daa mali  laɣingu maa ni daanbolo ban nya tuma duri pam ka lahi niŋ di alikauli ni bɛ yɛn ti liɣiri din yiɣsi 200 million n-ti pahi baŋsim zaŋ chaŋ so'chibisi tali maa ni naai shɛm zuŋɔ, silimin july dabaa ayi dali,yuuni 2023 ka di mini Dutch Caribbean tiŋgbani, Suriname, ni tiŋgbani shɛŋa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=19 December 2022|title=Government apologises for the Netherlands' role in the history of slavery|url=https://www.government.nl/latest/news/2022/12/19/government-apologises-for-the-netherlands-role-in-the-history-of-slavery|access-date=12 May 2023|website=Government of the Netherlands}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mission Statement|url=https://www.heirsofslavery.org/mission-statement|access-date=12 May 2023|website=Heirs of Slavery}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite news|title=The centuries-long fight for reparations|first=Ana Lucia|last=Araujo|author-link=Ana Lucia Araujo|date=April 28, 2019
|newspaper=[[Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2019/04/28/centuries-long-fight-reparations/}}
&lt;!--* Araujo, Ana Lucia. 2017. &quot;Reparations for Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History&quot;?'','' New York: Bloomsbury Academic, pp. 276.--&gt;
* Araujo, Ana Lucia. 2017. ''Reparations for Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History'', New York / London: Bloomsbury Academic. {{ISBN|135001060X}}
* Barragan, Yesenia. 2021. ''Freedom's Captives: Slavery and Gradual Emancipation on the Colombian Black Pacific (Afro-Latin America)'', Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{doi|10.1017/9781108935890}}
* [[Hilary Beckles|Beckles, Hilary]]. ''Britain's Black Debt: Reparations for Caribbean Slavery and Native Genocide'', Kingston: University of the West Indies Press, 2013. {{ISBN|978-9766402686}}
* Buser, Andreas. [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3050647 &quot;Colonial Injustices and the Law of State Responsibility: The CARICOM Claim to Compensate Slavery and (Native) Genocide&quot;], ''Heidelberg Journal of International Law'' (2017), pp.&amp;nbsp;409–446.
* [[Ta-Nehisi Coates|Coates, Ta-Nehisi]]. [https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631/ &quot;The Case for Reparations&quot;], ''The Atlantic'', June 2014.
* du Plessis, Max. 2003. &quot;Historical Injustice and International Law: An Exploratory Discussion of Reparation for Slavery&quot; Human Rights Quarterly, 25(3), 624–659.
* Manjapra, Kris. June 17, 2022. &quot;D.C.'s Enslavers Got Reparations. Freed People Got Nothing&quot;, ''Politico''.
* Manjapra, Kris. 2019. &quot;The Scandal of the British Slavery Abolition Act Loan&quot;, ''Social and Economic Studies'', 68(3/4), 165–184. {{JSTOR|45299245}}
* {{citation |author=United Nations General Assembly |title=Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law |date=16 December 2005 |id=A/RES/60/147 |url=http://undocs.org/A/RES/60/147 |access-date=10 July 2017 }} ([http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/RemedyAndReparation.aspx HTML version]) with a definition and the components of full and effective reparation, as laid out in principles 19 to 23.
* America, Richard F. ''Wealth of Races: The Present Value of Benefits from Past Injustices''. Praeger Press, 2002. {{ISBN|0313257531}}
* Burlette, Carterm W.. [http://scholarship.law.gwu.edu/faculty_publications/1030/ &quot;True Reparations&quot;], ''The George Washington Law Review'', Vol. 68, No. 1021, 2000.
* America, Richard F. &quot;Racial Inequality, Economic Dysfunction, and Reparations'', ''Challenge,'' Vol. 38, No. 6, 1995, pp.&amp;nbsp;40–45. {{JSTOR|40721651}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
* ''[https://policy.m4bl.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Reparations-Now-Toolkit-FINAL.pdf Reparations Now Toolkit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015100013/https://policy.m4bl.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Reparations-Now-Toolkit-FINAL.pdf |date=15 October 2019 }}'', Movement for Black Lives, 2019.
* ''[http://www.c-span.org/person/?richardamerica The Case for Black Reparations]'', Richard F. America, C-SPAN video of the TransAfrica Forum, 11 January 2000.
* ''[https://www.npr.org/programs/specials/racism/010827.reparations.html Making Amends: Debate Continues Over Reparations for U.S. Slavery]'', National Public Radio, August 27, 2001.
*[http://www.zinnedproject.org/news/reparations-and-climate-justice/ Reparations and Climate Justice] (w/ Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò), part of the Teach the Black Freedom Struggle online series.
* [https://caricomreparations.org/ Caribbean Reparations Commission]

[[Category:Reparations for slavery| ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="7817" sha1="r1cdfimzc2hmq2toax64vo43mg6ap16" xml:space="preserve">== Balibu ==
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 60/147 Di nyɛla tuma ni zaŋ chaŋ ninsalinima yiko polo, n-ti pahi liɣiri din yɛn  yo ka lahi mali liɣiri din yɛn yo n-ti ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;e910&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=15 December 2020|title=Reparations|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/transitional-justice/reparations|access-date=31 May 2025|website=OHCHR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Balibu ==
Saɣingu ŋɔ maa tooi zooya ka di gbubi balibu pam, ka di shɛŋa nyɛ tuma niŋgbuna din yan niŋ anfaani kamani liɣiri din yɛn yo ninsala kam; Alikaali din mali n-tam, bɔhimbu paɣibu(scholarships) mini bɔhimbu tuma yaɣa, n-ti pahi tuma din yan kpɛhi toontali ni n-leei yihi biɛrim din be niya ni; bɛi  Tiŋgbani yaɣili din yan yo n-ti pahi maŋsulinsi, ban mali alaafeei paɣibu, kpɛrigu niŋbu(apology) n-ti pahi baŋsim din nyɛla biɛrim maa be niya ni;&lt;ref name=&quot;UMass Reparations Article&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Davis|first=Allen|date=May 11, 2020|title=An Historical Timeline of Reparations Payments Made From 1783 through 2020 by the United States Government, States, Cities, Religious Institutions, Colleges and Universities, and Corporations|url=https://guides.library.umass.edu/reparations|access-date=July 12, 2020|publisher=University of Massachusetts Amherst}}&lt;/ref&gt; Monumenti din yan yihi ka yuli booni so' chibisi(enslavers) maa yihi, n-ti pahi soli din mali yuli din nyɛ so' chibisi maa yuli niŋgbuna soli maa ni, ka lahi yuli boli shɛli n-ti so' chibisi(abolitionist) bee ninsala so ŋun daŋ di nasara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Black Asheville Demands&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 26, 2020|title=Reparations Section|url=https://www.blackavldemands.org/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615185752/https://www.blackavldemands.org/|archive-date=15 June 2020|access-date=July 12, 2020|website=Black Asheville Demands (BAD)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Kepley-Steward|first=Kristy|last2=Santostasi|first2=Stephanie|date=July 10, 2020|title=Confederate monuments in downtown Asheville removed or covered|url=https://wlos.com/news/local/vance-monument-robert-e-lee-confederate-monuments-downtown-asheville-removed-covered|access-date=July 12, 2020|website=wlos.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Development aid ku tooi kali di niŋbu ni saɣingu .&lt;ref name=&quot;u881&quot; /&gt;
Shɛba nyɛla ban mali niya kadama liɣiri din yɛn yo n-ti saɣingu ku saɣi, ka bɔra ni saɣingu zaŋ chaŋ paɣibu polorepatriate Tiŋgbani shɛli polo ŋun yi kana pɔi ka so'chibisi tiŋgbani ŋɔ naai, ka lahi chɛgi siyaasa ni tuma ni liɣiri biɛhigu ŋɔ .&lt;ref name=&quot;u881&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Andrews|first=Kehinde|year=2024|title=The Knife is Still in Our Backs: Reparations Washing and the Limits of Reparatory Justice Campaigns|journal=Development and Change|publisher=Wiley|volume=55|issue=4|pages=628–650|doi=10.1111/dech.12848|issn=0012-155X|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Di Niŋbu Yaɣili ==
Yuuni 2022 silimin goli December, Netherlands tiŋgbani zuɣulana paa Mark Rutte, tim sandaani n-ti Dutch Government di niŋ tuma ni so'chibisi tali polo laɣingu din be National Archivestiŋgbani The Haguepuuni, Ŋun daa mali  laɣingu maa ni daanbolo ban nya tuma duri pam ka lahi niŋ di alikauli ni bɛ yɛn ti liɣiri din yiɣsi 200 million n-ti pahi baŋsim zaŋ chaŋ so'chibisi tali maa ni naai shɛm zuŋɔ, silimin july dabaa ayi dali,yuuni 2023 ka di mini Dutch Caribbean tiŋgbani, Suriname, ni tiŋgbani shɛŋa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=19 December 2022|title=Government apologises for the Netherlands' role in the history of slavery|url=https://www.government.nl/latest/news/2022/12/19/government-apologises-for-the-netherlands-role-in-the-history-of-slavery|access-date=12 May 2023|website=Government of the Netherlands}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mission Statement|url=https://www.heirsofslavery.org/mission-statement|access-date=12 May 2023|website=Heirs of Slavery}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite news|title=The centuries-long fight for reparations|first=Ana Lucia|last=Araujo|author-link=Ana Lucia Araujo|date=April 28, 2019
|newspaper=[[Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2019/04/28/centuries-long-fight-reparations/}}
&lt;!--* Araujo, Ana Lucia. 2017. &quot;Reparations for Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History&quot;?'','' New York: Bloomsbury Academic, pp. 276.--&gt;
* Araujo, Ana Lucia. 2017. ''Reparations for Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History'', New York / London: Bloomsbury Academic. {{ISBN|135001060X}}
* Barragan, Yesenia. 2021. ''Freedom's Captives: Slavery and Gradual Emancipation on the Colombian Black Pacific (Afro-Latin America)'', Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{doi|10.1017/9781108935890}}
* [[Hilary Beckles|Beckles, Hilary]]. ''Britain's Black Debt: Reparations for Caribbean Slavery and Native Genocide'', Kingston: University of the West Indies Press, 2013. {{ISBN|978-9766402686}}
* Buser, Andreas. [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3050647 &quot;Colonial Injustices and the Law of State Responsibility: The CARICOM Claim to Compensate Slavery and (Native) Genocide&quot;], ''Heidelberg Journal of International Law'' (2017), pp.&amp;nbsp;409–446.
* [[Ta-Nehisi Coates|Coates, Ta-Nehisi]]. [https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631/ &quot;The Case for Reparations&quot;], ''The Atlantic'', June 2014.
* du Plessis, Max. 2003. &quot;Historical Injustice and International Law: An Exploratory Discussion of Reparation for Slavery&quot; Human Rights Quarterly, 25(3), 624–659.
* Manjapra, Kris. June 17, 2022. &quot;D.C.'s Enslavers Got Reparations. Freed People Got Nothing&quot;, ''Politico''.
* Manjapra, Kris. 2019. &quot;The Scandal of the British Slavery Abolition Act Loan&quot;, ''Social and Economic Studies'', 68(3/4), 165–184. {{JSTOR|45299245}}
* {{citation |author=United Nations General Assembly |title=Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law |date=16 December 2005 |id=A/RES/60/147 |url=http://undocs.org/A/RES/60/147 |access-date=10 July 2017 }} ([http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/RemedyAndReparation.aspx HTML version]) with a definition and the components of full and effective reparation, as laid out in principles 19 to 23.
* America, Richard F. ''Wealth of Races: The Present Value of Benefits from Past Injustices''. Praeger Press, 2002. {{ISBN|0313257531}}
* Burlette, Carterm W.. [http://scholarship.law.gwu.edu/faculty_publications/1030/ &quot;True Reparations&quot;], ''The George Washington Law Review'', Vol. 68, No. 1021, 2000.
* America, Richard F. &quot;Racial Inequality, Economic Dysfunction, and Reparations'', ''Challenge,'' Vol. 38, No. 6, 1995, pp.&amp;nbsp;40–45. {{JSTOR|40721651}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
* ''[https://policy.m4bl.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Reparations-Now-Toolkit-FINAL.pdf Reparations Now Toolkit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015100013/https://policy.m4bl.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Reparations-Now-Toolkit-FINAL.pdf |date=15 October 2019 }}'', Movement for Black Lives, 2019.
* ''[http://www.c-span.org/person/?richardamerica The Case for Black Reparations]'', Richard F. America, C-SPAN video of the TransAfrica Forum, 11 January 2000.
* ''[https://www.npr.org/programs/specials/racism/010827.reparations.html Making Amends: Debate Continues Over Reparations for U.S. Slavery]'', National Public Radio, August 27, 2001.
*[http://www.zinnedproject.org/news/reparations-and-climate-justice/ Reparations and Climate Justice] (w/ Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò), part of the Teach the Black Freedom Struggle online series.
* [https://caricomreparations.org/ Caribbean Reparations Commission]

[[Category:Reparations for slavery| ]]</text>
      <sha1>r1cdfimzc2hmq2toax64vo43mg6ap16</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>115072</id>
      <parentid>115071</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-10T11:17:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdul Rahman Abdul Kudus</username>
        <id>5829</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>/* Balibu */</comment>
      <origin>115072</origin>
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      <text bytes="7846" sha1="6q5lhfzgjih1sn979nxrc5pazxugfah" xml:space="preserve">== United Nation Suɣulo din pun gbaai ==
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 60/147 Di nyɛla tuma ni zaŋ chaŋ ninsalinima yiko polo, n-ti pahi liɣiri din yɛn  yo ka lahi mali liɣiri din yɛn yo n-ti ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;e910&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=15 December 2020|title=Reparations|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/transitional-justice/reparations|access-date=31 May 2025|website=OHCHR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Balibu ==
Saɣingu ŋɔ maa tooi zooya ka di gbubi balibu pam, ka di shɛŋa nyɛ tuma niŋgbuna din yan niŋ anfaani kamani liɣiri din yɛn yo ninsala kam; Alikaali din mali n-tam, bɔhimbu paɣibu(scholarships) mini bɔhimbu tuma yaɣa, n-ti pahi tuma din yan kpɛhi toontali ni n-leei yihi biɛrim din be niya ni; bɛi  Tiŋgbani yaɣili din yan yo n-ti pahi maŋsulinsi, ban mali alaafeei paɣibu, kpɛrigu niŋbu(apology) n-ti pahi baŋsim din nyɛla biɛrim maa be niya ni;&lt;ref name=&quot;UMass Reparations Article&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Davis|first=Allen|date=May 11, 2020|title=An Historical Timeline of Reparations Payments Made From 1783 through 2020 by the United States Government, States, Cities, Religious Institutions, Colleges and Universities, and Corporations|url=https://guides.library.umass.edu/reparations|access-date=July 12, 2020|publisher=University of Massachusetts Amherst}}&lt;/ref&gt; Monumenti din yan yihi ka yuli booni so' chibisi(enslavers) maa yihi, n-ti pahi soli din mali yuli din nyɛ so' chibisi maa yuli niŋgbuna soli maa ni, ka lahi yuli boli shɛli n-ti so' chibisi(abolitionist) bee ninsala so ŋun daŋ di nasara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Black Asheville Demands&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 26, 2020|title=Reparations Section|url=https://www.blackavldemands.org/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615185752/https://www.blackavldemands.org/|archive-date=15 June 2020|access-date=July 12, 2020|website=Black Asheville Demands (BAD)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Kepley-Steward|first=Kristy|last2=Santostasi|first2=Stephanie|date=July 10, 2020|title=Confederate monuments in downtown Asheville removed or covered|url=https://wlos.com/news/local/vance-monument-robert-e-lee-confederate-monuments-downtown-asheville-removed-covered|access-date=July 12, 2020|website=wlos.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Development aid ku tooi kali di niŋbu ni saɣingu .&lt;ref name=&quot;u881&quot; /&gt;
Shɛba nyɛla ban mali niya kadama liɣiri din yɛn yo n-ti saɣingu ku saɣi, ka bɔra ni saɣingu zaŋ chaŋ paɣibu polorepatriate Tiŋgbani shɛli polo ŋun yi kana pɔi ka so'chibisi tiŋgbani ŋɔ naai, ka lahi chɛgi siyaasa ni tuma ni liɣiri biɛhigu ŋɔ .&lt;ref name=&quot;u881&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Andrews|first=Kehinde|year=2024|title=The Knife is Still in Our Backs: Reparations Washing and the Limits of Reparatory Justice Campaigns|journal=Development and Change|publisher=Wiley|volume=55|issue=4|pages=628–650|doi=10.1111/dech.12848|issn=0012-155X|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Di Niŋbu Yaɣili ==
Yuuni 2022 silimin goli December, Netherlands tiŋgbani zuɣulana paa Mark Rutte, tim sandaani n-ti Dutch Government di niŋ tuma ni so'chibisi tali polo laɣingu din be National Archivestiŋgbani The Haguepuuni, Ŋun daa mali  laɣingu maa ni daanbolo ban nya tuma duri pam ka lahi niŋ di alikauli ni bɛ yɛn ti liɣiri din yiɣsi 200 million n-ti pahi baŋsim zaŋ chaŋ so'chibisi tali maa ni naai shɛm zuŋɔ, silimin july dabaa ayi dali,yuuni 2023 ka di mini Dutch Caribbean tiŋgbani, Suriname, ni tiŋgbani shɛŋa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=19 December 2022|title=Government apologises for the Netherlands' role in the history of slavery|url=https://www.government.nl/latest/news/2022/12/19/government-apologises-for-the-netherlands-role-in-the-history-of-slavery|access-date=12 May 2023|website=Government of the Netherlands}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mission Statement|url=https://www.heirsofslavery.org/mission-statement|access-date=12 May 2023|website=Heirs of Slavery}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite news|title=The centuries-long fight for reparations|first=Ana Lucia|last=Araujo|author-link=Ana Lucia Araujo|date=April 28, 2019
|newspaper=[[Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2019/04/28/centuries-long-fight-reparations/}}
&lt;!--* Araujo, Ana Lucia. 2017. &quot;Reparations for Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History&quot;?'','' New York: Bloomsbury Academic, pp. 276.--&gt;
* Araujo, Ana Lucia. 2017. ''Reparations for Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History'', New York / London: Bloomsbury Academic. {{ISBN|135001060X}}
* Barragan, Yesenia. 2021. ''Freedom's Captives: Slavery and Gradual Emancipation on the Colombian Black Pacific (Afro-Latin America)'', Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{doi|10.1017/9781108935890}}
* [[Hilary Beckles|Beckles, Hilary]]. ''Britain's Black Debt: Reparations for Caribbean Slavery and Native Genocide'', Kingston: University of the West Indies Press, 2013. {{ISBN|978-9766402686}}
* Buser, Andreas. [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3050647 &quot;Colonial Injustices and the Law of State Responsibility: The CARICOM Claim to Compensate Slavery and (Native) Genocide&quot;], ''Heidelberg Journal of International Law'' (2017), pp.&amp;nbsp;409–446.
* [[Ta-Nehisi Coates|Coates, Ta-Nehisi]]. [https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631/ &quot;The Case for Reparations&quot;], ''The Atlantic'', June 2014.
* du Plessis, Max. 2003. &quot;Historical Injustice and International Law: An Exploratory Discussion of Reparation for Slavery&quot; Human Rights Quarterly, 25(3), 624–659.
* Manjapra, Kris. June 17, 2022. &quot;D.C.'s Enslavers Got Reparations. Freed People Got Nothing&quot;, ''Politico''.
* Manjapra, Kris. 2019. &quot;The Scandal of the British Slavery Abolition Act Loan&quot;, ''Social and Economic Studies'', 68(3/4), 165–184. {{JSTOR|45299245}}
* {{citation |author=United Nations General Assembly |title=Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law |date=16 December 2005 |id=A/RES/60/147 |url=http://undocs.org/A/RES/60/147 |access-date=10 July 2017 }} ([http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/RemedyAndReparation.aspx HTML version]) with a definition and the components of full and effective reparation, as laid out in principles 19 to 23.
* America, Richard F. ''Wealth of Races: The Present Value of Benefits from Past Injustices''. Praeger Press, 2002. {{ISBN|0313257531}}
* Burlette, Carterm W.. [http://scholarship.law.gwu.edu/faculty_publications/1030/ &quot;True Reparations&quot;], ''The George Washington Law Review'', Vol. 68, No. 1021, 2000.
* America, Richard F. &quot;Racial Inequality, Economic Dysfunction, and Reparations'', ''Challenge,'' Vol. 38, No. 6, 1995, pp.&amp;nbsp;40–45. {{JSTOR|40721651}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
* ''[https://policy.m4bl.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Reparations-Now-Toolkit-FINAL.pdf Reparations Now Toolkit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015100013/https://policy.m4bl.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Reparations-Now-Toolkit-FINAL.pdf |date=15 October 2019 }}'', Movement for Black Lives, 2019.
* ''[http://www.c-span.org/person/?richardamerica The Case for Black Reparations]'', Richard F. America, C-SPAN video of the TransAfrica Forum, 11 January 2000.
* ''[https://www.npr.org/programs/specials/racism/010827.reparations.html Making Amends: Debate Continues Over Reparations for U.S. Slavery]'', National Public Radio, August 27, 2001.
*[http://www.zinnedproject.org/news/reparations-and-climate-justice/ Reparations and Climate Justice] (w/ Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò), part of the Teach the Black Freedom Struggle online series.
* [https://caricomreparations.org/ Caribbean Reparations Commission]

[[Category:Reparations for slavery| ]]</text>
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    <title>Slavery in Africa</title>
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        <username>Abdul Rahman Abdul Kudus</username>
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      <comment>Di nambu maa yila &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1294432248|Slavery in Africa]]&quot; lɛbigibu ni na</comment>
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Dabli mini bɛ yɛla ŋɔ daa nyɛla din yɛligi pam [[Afrika|Africa]] tiŋgbani ni.Bɛ daa mali la dabli mini bɛ yɛla pam pam Africa yaɣa shɛŋa ni, kamani di ni daa niŋ ka bɛ mali bɛ yɛla shɛŋa m be ancient ni  medieval world. .saha shɛli din trans-Saharan slave trade, [[Red Sea slave trade]], Indian Ocean slave trade, n-ti pahi Atlantic slave trade (din daa pili 16th century) pilila,Africa tiŋgbani puuni dabli ʒɛɣu shɛŋa din daa pun mali ni daa pili la ʒɛɣu niŋbu n-ti slave markets ban be Dunia puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lovejoy-2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lovejoy|first=Paul E.|title=Transformations of Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2012|location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sparks process&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Sparks|first=Randy J.|title=Where the Negroes are Masters : An African Port in the Era of the Slave Trade|date=2014|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674724877|pages=122–161|chapter=4. The Process of Enslavement at Annamaboe}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Slavery in contemporary Africa]] din kpalim ni saha ŋɔ hali ni zuŋɔ, hali di ni daa niŋ ka di nyɛ din kpɛŋ Dunia zaa.</text>
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Dabli mini bɛ yɛla ŋɔ daa nyɛla din yɛligi pam [[Afrika|Africa]] tiŋgbani ni.Bɛ daa mali la dabli mini bɛ yɛla pam pam Africa yaɣa shɛŋa ni, kamani di ni daa niŋ ka bɛ mali bɛ yɛla shɛŋa m be ancient ni  medieval world. .saha shɛli din trans-Saharan slave trade, [[Red Sea slave trade]], Indian Ocean slave trade, n-ti pahi Atlantic slave trade (din daa pili 16th century) pilila,Africa tiŋgbani puuni dabli ʒɛɣu shɛŋa din daa pun mali ni daa pili la ʒɛɣu niŋbu n-ti slave markets ban be Dunia puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lovejoy-2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lovejoy|first=Paul E.|title=Transformations of Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2012|location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sparks process&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Sparks|first=Randy J.|title=Where the Negroes are Masters : An African Port in the Era of the Slave Trade|date=2014|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674724877|pages=122–161|chapter=4. The Process of Enslavement at Annamaboe}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Slavery in contemporary Africa]] din kpalim ni saha ŋɔ hali ni zuŋɔ, hali di ni daa niŋ ka di nyɛ din kpɛŋ Dunia zaa.

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Bibliography==
* {{Cite journal
 | last = Allen | first = R. B.
 | title = Ending the history of silence: reconstructing European slave trading in the Indian Ocean
 | year = 2017 | journal = Tempo | volume = 23 | issue = 2 | pages = 294–313
 | url = http://www.scielo.br/pdf/tem/v23n2/1980-542X-tem-23-02-00294.pdf | access-date = 30 June 2019
| doi = 10.1590/tem-1980-542x2017v230206 | doi-access = free }}&lt;!-- {{Harvnb|Allen|2017}} --&gt;

==Further reading==

{{refbegin|30em}}
*{{cite book|last1=Faragher|first1=John Mack|last2=Buhle|first2=Mari Jo|last3=Czitrom|first3=Daniel|last4=Armitage|first4=Susan|title=Out of Many|publisher=[[Pearson Prentice Hall]]|year=2004|isbn=978-0-13-182431-7|url=https://archive.org/details/outofmanybriefvo00john/page/54}}
*[[Zora Neale Hurston|Hurston, Zora Neale]] (1927). ''[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/73715  Cudjo's Own Story of the Last African Slaver]''. Eastford, CT: Martino Fine Books.
*Klein, Martin A. (2009). The Study of Slavery in Africa, ''Journal of African History''. Vol. 19. No. 4. Cambridge University Press.
*Lecocq, Bas, and Eric Komlavi Hahonou (2015). Exploring Post-Slavery in Contemporary Africa, ''The International Journal of African History Studies''. Vol 48. No. 2. Boston University African Study Center.
*{{cite book| last=Newton |first=John |year=1788 |title=Thoughts Upon the African Slave Trade |publisher=J. Buckland and J. Johnson |location=London|title-link=:s:Thoughts upon the African Slave Trade }}
*{{cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Edward|title=Stand the Storm: A History of the Atlantic Slave Trade|year=1985|publisher=[[Allison and Busby]]|location=London}}
*{{cite book|title=The Human Commodity: Perspectives on the Trans-Saharan Slave Trade|year=1992|location=London|publisher=F. Cass|editor=Savage, Elizabeth}}
* {{cite book|title=The Slave Trade of East Africa|year=1869|publisher=[[Church Missionary Society]]|location=London|title-link=s:The Slave Trade of East Africa}}
*{{cite book |last1=Sparks |first1=Randy J. |title=Where the Negroes are Masters: An African Port in the Era of the Slave Trade |date=2014 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-72487-7}}
*{{cite encyclopedia|last=Wright|first=Donald R.|title=History of Slavery and Africa|url=http://autocww.colorado.edu/~blackmon/E64ContentFiles/AfricanHistory/SlaveryInAfrica.html|encyclopedia=Online Encyclopedia|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070402042111/http://autocww.colorado.edu/~blackmon/E64ContentFiles/AfricanHistory/SlaveryInAfrica.html|archive-date=2 April 2007}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{sister project links||d=Q3057915|c=Category:Slavery in Africa|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}}
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&lt;!--     {{No more links}}

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--&gt;
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110515192003/http://www.yale.edu/glc/events/cbss/Miers.pdf Twentieth Century Solutions of the Abolition of Slavery]
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/index_section9.shtml The story of Africa: Slavery]
* [http://mondediplo.com/1998/04/02africa &quot;The impact of the slave trade on Africa,&quot; Le Monde diplomatique]
* [http://digilander.libero.it/wrnzla/SlaveryEthiopia.pdf &quot;Ethiopia, Slavery and the League of Nations&quot; Abyssinia/Ethiopia slavery and slaves trade]

{{Africa in topic|Slavery in}}
{{Africa topics}}
{{Pirates}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Slavery in Africa}}
[[Category:Slavery in Africa| ]]
[[Category:African slave trade| ]]
[[Category:History of Africa]]
[[Category:History of Central Africa]]
[[Category:History of West Africa]]</text>
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{{Multiple image}}
[[Lahabali kɔligu:Colonial_Africa_1913_map.svg|thumb| Africa  tiŋ shaŋa  Western European ni daa ruuli  colonial empires ni.  Yuuni 1913,  national boundaries superimposed
{{Legend|#f7fab2|[[Belgian colonial empire|Belgium]]}}
{{Legend|#b6e3fc|[[French colonial empire|France]]}}
{{Legend|#bbfdd9|[[German colonial empire|Germany]]}}
{{Legend|#d2f89b|[[Italian Empire|Italy]]}}
{{Legend|#c0a6f2|[[Portuguese Empire|Portugal]]}}
{{Legend|#eaaff7|[[Spanish Empire|Spain]]}}
{{Legend|#fbc5c0|[[British Empire|United Kingdom]]}}
{{Legend|#f6f6f6|Independent}}]]
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      <comment>Di nambu maa yila &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1294759705|Maroons]]&quot; lɛbigibu ni na</comment>
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      <text bytes="586" sha1="4jfxfxagdnkac73lk529fcau12bgr9i" xml:space="preserve">'''Maroons''' nya la ti yannima Ka Americans mini island din bei India mogli lani daa gbahiba lei dabba . Bei yino Ka bi daa zon tilgi  Ka chei dabtali maa. Bi daa chag ya ti kpa bi magmag a zulya sheii. Bi daa bi too kabri bi tab ni , Ka di daa nig Katari Ka bi daa kpa bi zulya yel toa . Yel toa maa  daa  lei ma a si la taba . Dini nyei   Garifuna mini Mascogos.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Diouf|first=Sylviane A.|title=Slavery's Exiles: The Story of the American Maroons|publisher=NYU|year=2016|isbn=978-0-8147-2449-1|location=New York|pages=81, 171–177, 215, 309|oclc=864551110}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <comment>Restored revision 112885 by [[Special:Contributions/SIR SUCCESS (NAA JAHINFO)|SIR SUCCESS (NAA JAHINFO)]] ([[User talk:SIR SUCCESS (NAA JAHINFO)|talk]]): Restore  (TwinkleGlobal)</comment>
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      <text bytes="25674" sha1="0ckk5qc3q5uspf40s71ozhdhsnoj3f7" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|African refugees who escaped from slavery}}
{{other uses|Maroons (disambiguation)|Maroon (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| image            = Leonard Parkinson, Maroon Leader, Jamaica, 1796.jpg
| caption          = An 18th-century illustration of a Maroon
| pop              = 
| regions          = North and South America, Jamaica, Mauritius
| langs            = Creole languages
| rels             = [[Afro-American religion|African diasporic religions]]
| related          = '''Maroon peoples'''&lt;br /&gt;
[[Black Seminoles]], [[Bushinengue]], [[Jamaican Maroons]], [[Mauritian Maroons]], [[Kalungas]], [[Machapunga]], [[Palenqueros]], [[Quilombola]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Historical groups'''&lt;br /&gt;
[[Cimarron people (Panama)|Cimarron people]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Great Dismal Swamp maroons]]
| group            = 
| native_name      = 
| native_name_lang = 
}}
[[File:Body of Maroon child brought before medicine man, 1955.jpg|thumb|[[Ndyuka people|Ndyuka]] man bringing the body of a child before a [[shaman]]. Suriname, 1955]]
'''Maroons''' nyɛla ninvuɣ'shɛba ban yina Africanima ban be  Americanima mini Island nima ban be India nima &quot;Ocean&quot; ka daa daa zo n-tiligi ka che dab'tali, ka di nyɛla bɛ tuhi mi bee &quot;[[manumission]]&quot; ka bɛ niŋ, ka me bɛ maŋmaŋa biɛhigu sheei. Bɛ mini &quot;[[indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indigenous peoples]]&quot; tooi gabirila taba, ka bɛ kaya ni taɣa leei waligira&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Slavery's Exiles: The Story of the American Maroons|last=Diouf|first=Sylviane A.|publisher=NYU|year=2016|isbn=978-0-8147-2449-1|location=New York|pages=81, 171–177, 215, 309|oclc=864551110}}&lt;/ref&gt;kamani [[Garifuna]] mini [[Mascogos]].

[[File:Wikibruz23.jpg|thumb|upright|''Maroons surprised by dogs'' (1893) (Brussels) by [[Louis Samain]].]]

== Pilli ==

''Maroon'', bɛ ni tooi che shɛli labi ka di nyɛla di ka la aʒianima pam, daa kpela Silimi'tiŋa kamani yuma din gbaai 1590s, French bachibuɣisirili puuni &quot;{{Lang|fr|marron}}&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Maroon definition and meaning |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/maroon |website=Collins Dictionary |access-date=16 December 2019 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; din nyɛ 'feral' bee 'fugitive'. Din mini di bachinima ŋmebu nyɛ yim maa yoli, 'reddish brown' zaŋti ''maroon'' gbunni bi yi polo zaŋ na hali ni yuma din gbaai 1700s, amaa dini tooi nyɛ di daa yila &quot;maroon&quot; niriba sani na.&lt;ref name=&quot;OED&quot;&gt;{{Cite OED|maroon}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Roberts |first=Neil |title=Freedom as Marronage |date=2015 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-20118-4 |location=Chicago, Illinois |pages=4–5 |oclc=899240409}}&lt;/ref&gt;

American Spanish bachi &quot;{{Lang|es|cimarrón}}&quot; gba tooi nyɛla din zani ti Siliminsili bachi &quot;''maroon&quot; ni yina shɛli'', ka di buɣisiri daba ban daa zo Florida biɛhisi sheei, &quot;[[Great Dismal Swamp maroons|Great Dismal Swamp]]&quot; din daa be Virginia mini North Carolina tarisi, Caribbean daba gbahibu tingbana,ni [[New World]] yaɣ'shɛŋa. Linguist [[Lyle Campbell]] yɛliya ni  Spanish bachi din nyɛ &quot;''{{Lang|es|cimarrón}}''&quot; gbunni nyɛla 'yɔɣu, gamazuɣu' bee 'dabili ŋun zo'.&lt;ref name=&quot;Campbell2000&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author-link=Lyle Campbell|last=Campbell|first=Lyle|title=American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i3g8DwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA400|year=2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514050-7|page=400}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yuma 1570s piligu, Sir [[Francis Drake]]'s daa goya gili Spanish din be Panama ka &quot;''Symerons'',&quot; daa sɔŋ o, din ni tooi nyɛ &quot;''{{Lang|es|cimarrón}}''&quot; ka bɛ sabi chirim.&lt;ref name=&quot;OED&quot;/&gt; Bala baŋda [[Leo Spitzer]], yɛliya balli lahabali sabbu puuni,, &quot;ningbuna niŋbu yi beni ni Eng. ''maroon'', Fr. ''{{Lang|fr|marron}}'', ni Sp. ''{{Lang|es|cimarrón}}'', Spain (bee Spanish America) di nyɛla din ni tooi zani dede n-ti England (bee English America).&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Spitzer1938&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|author-link=Leo Spitzer|last=Spitzer|first=Leo|title=Spanish cimarrón|journal=Language|date=1938|volume=14|issue=2|pages=145–147|doi=10.2307/408879|jstor=408879|publisher=Linguistic Society of America&quot;|quote=The Shorter Oxford Dictionary explains maroon 'fugitive negro slave' as from 'Fr. marron, said to be a corruption of Sp. ''cimarrón'', wild, untamed'. But Eng. ''maroon'' is attested earlier (1666) than Fr. ''marron'' 'fugitive slave' (1701, in Furetière). If there is a connection between Eng. ''maroon'', Fr. ''marron'', and Sp. ''cimarrón'', Spain (or Spanish America) probably gave the word directly to England (or English America).}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lala n lahi nyɛli, Cuban &quot;[[Philology|philologist]] [[José Juan Arrom]]&quot; nyɛla ŋun bo &quot;''maroon&quot; ni yi shɛli na'' n-ti tooni gari Spanish ''cimarrón'', din daa zaŋ tum tuma tuuli [[Hispaniola]] ni di zani ti &quot;[[feral]]&quot; niɣi, n naan yi zaŋ paai India daba ban zo n kuli zoya ni, ka zaŋ chaŋ yuma 1530s piligu din chaŋ ti kpe Africa daba ban gba niŋ lala kpee. O buɣisi ni American Spanish bachi yimina Arawakan bachi din nyɛ &quot;{{Lang|awd|simarabo}}&quot; puuni, ka bɛ leei li 'fugitive', [[Arawakan languages|Arawakan]] balli ni, [[Taíno]] ni tɔɣisiri shɛli.&lt;ref name=&quot;Arrom1983&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|author-link=José Juan Arrom|last=Arrom|first=José Juan|title=Cimarrón: Apuntes sobre sus primeras documentaciones y su probable origen|language=es|trans-title=Cimarrón: Notes on its first documentation and probable origin|journal=Revista Española de Antropología Americana|date=1983|volume=XII|url=https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/REAA/article/viewFile/REAA8383110047A/25067|publisher=Universidad Complutense|location=Madrid|quote={{langx|es|Y si prestamos atención al testimonio de Oviedo cuando, después de haber vivido en la Española por muchos años, asevera que cimarrón «quiere decir, en la lengua desta isla, fugitivos», quedaría demostrado que nos hallamos, en efecto, ante un temprano préstamo de la lengua taina.»|link=no}} English: And if we pay attention to the testimony of Oviedo when, after having lived in Hispaniola for many years, he asserts that cimarrón &quot;means, in the language of this island, fugitives&quot;, it would be demonstrated that we are, in fact, before an early loan of the Taíno language.|page=10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ArromArévalo1986&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author-link=José Juan Arrom|last1=Arrom|first1=José Juan|first2=Manuel Antonio |last2=García Arévalo|title=Cimarrón|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ij5IAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=%22cimarr%C3%B3n%20es%20un%20indigenismo%22|year=1986|publisher=Ediciones Fundación García-Arévalo|page=30|quote={{langx|es|En resumen, los informes que aquí aporto confirman que cimarrón es un indigenismo de origen antillano, que se usaba ya en el primer tercio de siglo xvi, y que ha venido a resultar otro de los numerosos antillanismos que la conquista extendió por todo el ámbito del continente e hizo refluir sobre la propia metrópoli.|link=no}} English: In short, the reports that I am contributing here confirm that ''cimarrón'' is an Indian word of Antillean origin, which was already used in the first third of the sixteenth century, and which has come to be another of the many Antillanisms that the conquest extended throughout the breadth of the continent and made to reflect on the metropolis itself.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Price1996&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Richard|last=Price|title=Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas|url=https://archive.org/details/maroonsocieties00rich|url-access=registration|date=1996|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-0-8018-5496-5|pages=xi–xii}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Arrom2000&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author-link=José Juan Arrom|first=José Juan|last=Arrom|title=Estudios de lexicología antillana|language=es|trans-title=Antillean Lexicology Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fr4uAAAAYAAJ|date=1 January 2000|publisher=Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico|isbn=978-0-8477-0374-6|page=128}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Tardieu |first1=Jean-Pierre |title=Cimarrôn–Maroon–Marron, note épistémologique|language=fr|trans-title=Cimarrôn–Maroon–Marron, epistemological note |journal=Outre-Mers. Revue d'histoire |date=2006 |volume=93 |issue=350 |pages=237–247 |doi=10.3406/outre.2006.4201 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/outre_1631-0438_2006_num_93_350_4201}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;!-- ===Usage and other terms===
The name Maroon is the [[English language|British]] and [[French language|French]] [[Corruption (grammar)|corruption]] of the Spanish ''cimarrónes'', meaning 'wild' or 'untamed'. While the word ''maroon'' was used extensively for the escaped blacks in Jamaica, it was in use throughout the Caribbean. The French used the word ''marron'' for any fugitive slave. In the Guianas, escaped Blacks were commonly known as &quot;bush negroes&quot; or &quot;refugee blacks&quot;. In Spanish-speaking areas, the villages were sometimes called ''[[Palenque (village)|palenques]]'' or ''[[quilombo]]s'', and the self-liberated Blacks were called ''palenqueros''. --&gt;

== Taarihi ==

=== Colonial era ===
[[File:The Maroons In Ambush On The Dromilly Estate In The Parish Of Trelawney, Jamaica in 1795.jpg|thumb|1801 [[aquatint]] of a maroon raid on the Dromilly estate, Jamaica, during the Second Maroon War of 1795–1796.]]
[[New World]] ni, kamani di yi daa kuli daŋ, yuuni 1512, Africa daba daa zo Spanish n chaŋ ti pahi shɛba zuɣu bee ka bɛ daa bo bɛ maŋmaŋa biɛhigu shee.&lt;ref name=&quot;Drake1&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Voyages and Travels: Ancient and Modern|last=Drake|first=Frances|author-link=Frances Drake|url=http://www.bartleby.com/33/34.html|publisher=The Harvard Classics|date=1909–1914|at=para. 21|via=Bartleby Great Books Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tuuli daba tuhibu daa niŋla [[Dominican Republic]] lache buu din daa nyɛ Admiral [[Diego Columbus]] ni su shɛli, Anashaara goli 26 December yuuni 1522, ka Admiral daa dahim li ka di bi viɛla.&lt;ref name=&quot;Franco1996&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=José|last=Franco|chapter=Maroons and Slave Rebellions in the Spanish Territories|editor-last=Price|editor-first=Richard|title=Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas|location=Baltimore|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1996}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Rp|35}} Tuuli maroon tinsi din nyɛ Americanima dini daa kpala lala niŋsim ŋɔ nyaaŋa, dini daa niŋ ka lala daba ŋɔ shɛba daa tooi zo n-tili. Di daa lahi nyɛla daliri din yɛn ti [[People of the Dominican Republic|Dominican]] yaa maroons ban daa chaŋ ti su maroon tuma Americanima sani. [[Sebastián Lemba]], bɛ ni daa dɔɣi so Africa, daa tooi tuhi Spaniards di nasra yuuni 1532, ka daa naai noli ni Africanima shɛba o yuun poinaanu zaŋ tuhi Spanish dab gbahiriba ŋɔ. Din tooi niŋ ka Lemba daa nya maroons shɛba pahi o ma`n zuɣu kamani Juan Vaquero, Diego del Guzmán, Fernando Montoro, Juan Criollo ni [[Diego del Ocampo]] o dabili tuhibu saha. Dini daa niŋ ka maroons tuhi Spanish daabili, Spanish kpamba daa pilila maroon zobu ni bɛ ti fa island maa. Zaŋ kana 1540s, maroons daa tooi deei island maa puuni zaa, amaa yaɣ'shɛŋa din daa be east, north, ni western yaɣa din daa be island gba daa na nyɛla din yɛn kpe maroon sulinsi ni. Maroon &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Schwaller|first1=Robert C. |title=Contested Conquests: African Maroons and the Incomplete Conquest of Hispaniola, 1519–1620|language=en |journal=The Americas |date=2018 |volume=75 |issue=4 |pages=609-638 |doi=10.1017/tam.2018.3|hdl=1808/29355 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dominican maroons nyɛla ban yɛn be island maa ni hali ni 17th century.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=López de Cerrato |first=Alonso |chapter=Lemba and the Maroons of Hispaniola |date=2014 |title=The Dominican Republic Reader |pages=66–67 |publisher=Duke University Press |doi=10.1215/9780822376521-015 |isbn=978-0-8223-5688-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |author=Deive, Carlos Esteban |title=Los guerrilleros negros: esclavos fugitivos y cimarrones en Santo Domingo |date=1997 |publisher=Fundación Cultural Dominicana |oclc=44735015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sir [[Francis Drake]] daa kali ''cimarrones'' pam o go n gili Spanish ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Drake2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Voyages and Travels: Ancient and Modern|last=Drake|first=Frances|author-link=Frances Drake|url=http://www.bartleby.com/33/35.html|publisher=The Harvard Classics|date=1909–1914|at=para. 101|via=Bartleby Great Books Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kamani yuuni 1655, Africanima daa kpala tinsi inland [[Jamaica]], ka zaŋ chaŋ 18th century, [[Nanny Town]] mini Jamaican maroon tinkpan shɛŋa daa pili maŋsulinsi zuɣu zabbu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Campbell&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Campbell|first=Mavis Christine|date=1988|title=The Maroons of Jamaica, 1655–1796: A History of Resistance, Collaboration &amp; Betrayal|location=Granby, Massachusetts|publisher=Bergin &amp; Garvey|isbn=0-89789-148-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Di ni daa niŋ ka Amerindians mini daba ban daa zo n tiligi daa laɣim taba bɛ daa booni ba la &quot;maroons&quot;. [[Caribbean islands]] ni, bɛ daa kpala laɣisni islands, armed camps. Maroon daa niŋ wahala pam,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=American Vistas: 1607–1877|editor1-last=Dinnerstein|editor1-first=Leonard|editor2-first=Kenneth T.|editor2-last=Jackson|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZnAKAQAAMAAJ|year=1975|publisher=Oxford University Press |page=64}}&lt;/ref&gt; bindirigu nya n-di,&lt;ref name=&quot;Ohadike2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Don C. |last=Ohadike|title=Pan-African Culture of Resistance: A History of Liberation Struggles in Africa and the Diaspora |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_u_6ZA8BYUC  |date=1 January 2002 |publisher=Global Publications, Binghamton University |isbn=978-1-58684-175-1 |page=22}}&lt;/ref&gt; ni bɛ ni yɛn niŋ shɛ dɔɣi ka yɛligi.&lt;ref name=&quot;brief&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first= Jan|last= Rogozinski|year= 1999|title= A Brief History of the Caribbean|edition= revised|publisher= Facts on File Inc.|location= New York|pages= 155–168|isbn= 0-8160-3811-2|url= https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofca00rogo_0/page/155|via=Internet Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tuuli maroon tinsi daa kuli bela yerayera. Zaŋ kana yuuni 1700, maroon daa zoya ka che islands. Biɛhigu daa niŋla tom pam zaŋti ba, di daa kuli ʒimi ni bɛ tiuhima ka lahi bɔri bindirigu.&lt;ref name=&quot;brief&quot;/&gt;Maroons so ŋun daa tooi mali yiko n daa nyɛ [[François Mackandal]], ŋun daa nyɛ &quot;[[houngan]]&quot; bee &quot;[[Haitian Vodou|voodoo]].&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ci.miami.fl.us/haiti2004/history.htm  |title=The History of Haiti and the Haitian Revolution |publisher=The City of Miami |access-date=2007-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070826170155/http://www.ci.miami.fl.us/haiti2004/history.htm |archive-date=2007-08-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Cuba]] tingbani ni, maroon tinsi daa be di zolona ni, luɣ'shɛli Africa daba ni daa zo n-tiligi chaŋ ti pahi [[Taíno people|Taíno]]s ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Aimes&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Aimes|first=Hubert H. S.|date=1967|title=A History of Slavery in Cuba, 1511 to 1868|location=New York|publisher=Octagon Books}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pɔi ka pala daa naan yi ti mali chaŋ [[Puerto Rico]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|first=Franklin W.|last=Knight|title=Review of Benjamin Nistal-Moret, ''Esclavos prófugos y cimarrones: Puerto Rico, 1770–1870''|journal=Hispanic American Historical Review|volume=66|issue=2|date=May 1986|pages=381–382|jstor=2515149 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Maroon tinsi pam daa kpaya Caribbean ([[Saint Vincent (island)|St&amp;nbsp;Vincent]] mini [[Dominica]]), amaa di shɛli da pa arisigu zaŋ ti British kamani [[Jamaican Maroons]].&lt;ref name=autogenerated2&gt;{{cite book|last=Edwards|first=Bryan|date=1801|title=Historical Survey of the Island of Saint Domingo|location=London|publisher=J. Stockdale}}&lt;/ref&gt; 17th century piligu, Jamaican Maroons daa kuli tuhirila British daba-gbahiriba sahakam, ka di daa ti tahi &quot;[[First Maroon War]]&quot; na (1728–1740). Yuuni 1739 mini yuuni 1740,British gɔmnanti zaŋti [[Colony of Jamaica]], [[Edward Trelawny (colonial administrator)|Edward Trelawny]], daa dihi gbana ni ka lo ba alikaule ni {{convert|2500|acres|0|abbr=on}} luɣa buyi ni, [[Cudjoe's Town (Trelawny Town)]] din be western Jamaica mini [[Crawford's Town]] din be eastern Jamaica, din yɛn che ka bɛ che taba tuhibu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Colonies&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Taylor|first=Alan|date=2001|title=American Colonies: The Settling of North America|location=New York|publisher=Penguin Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Siva2018&quot;&gt;{{cite thesis |first=Michael |last=Siva |title=After the Treaties: A Social, Economic and Demographic History of Maroon Society in Jamaica, 1739-1842 |type=PhD |location=Southampton, England |publisher=Southampton University |date=2018 |url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/423482/1/LIBRARY_COPY_After_The_Treaties_Final.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Rp|31–46}} 

=== Modern era ===
Maroon tinkura din daa be Spanish Caribbean daa na kuli beni zaŋ kana yuuni 2006, kamani [[Viñales]], Cuba,&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Sartorio |first=Blanchie |date=2004-03-13 |title=El Templo de los Cimarrónes |trans-title=The Temple of the Maroons |url=http://www.guerrillero.co.cu/pinardelrio/2004/marzo/eltemplo.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080508202938/http://www.guerrillero.co.cu/pinardelrio/2004/marzo/eltemplo.htm |archive-date=2008-05-08 |website=Guerrillero: Pinar del Río |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; ni [[Adjuntas, Puerto Rico|Adjuntas]], Puerto Rico.

Zaŋ kana zuŋɔ, Jamaican Maroon nyɛla ban za bɛ gama zuɣu ka waligi ka che Jamaica tinsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Campbell&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Edwards |first=Bryan |title=Historical Survey of the Island of Saint Domingo |date=1801 |publisher=J. Stockdale |location=London |pages=303–360 |chapter=Observations on the disposition, character, manners, and habits of life, of the Maroons of the island of Jamaica; and a detail of the origin, progress, and termination of the late war between those people and the white inhabitants |orig-date=1796}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndyuka na kuli nyɛla din niŋ talahi ti Ndyuka mini saha ŋɔ Surinamese gɔmnanti, ka di daliri nyɛla dii buɣisila Maroons fukumsi din be &quot;[[gold]]-rich inlands&quot; zaŋit Suriname.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=van Stipriaan |first=Alex |title=Surinaams Contrast. Roofbouw en Overleven in een Caraïbische Plantagekolonie, 1750–1863 |date=1995 |publisher=KITLV Uitgeverij |isbn=90-6718-052-1 |location=Leiden, Netherlands |language=nl |trans-title=Surinamese Contrast. Robbery and Survival in a Caribbean Plantation Colony, 1750–1863}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Buddingh' |first=Hans |url=https://www.onlinebibliotheek.nl/catalogus/376317221/de-geschiedenis-van-suriname-hans-buddingh- |title=Geschiedenis van Suriname |date=2012 |publisher=Nieuw Amsterdam |isbn=978-90-468-1172-6 |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands |language=nl |trans-title=The History of Suriname}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Kunst van Overleven. Marroncultuur uit Suriname |date=2009 |publisher=KIT Publishers |isbn=978-94-6022-040-1 |editor1-last=van Stipriaan |editor1-first=Alex |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands |language=nl |trans-title=Art of Survival. Maroon culture from Suriname |editor2-last=Polimé |editor2-first=Thomas}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{see also|Afro-American religion}}
[[File:Maroon flag outside St John’s Church, Freetown.jpg|thumb|Maroon flag in [[Freetown]], Sierra Leone]]
[[File:Maroon village, Suriname River, 1955.jpg|thumb|Maroon village, [[Suriname River]], 1955]]

== Lihi pahi ==

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Slave catcher]]
* [[Slave rebellion]]
* [[Afro-Latin American]]: [[Latin Americans]] of significant or mainly African ancestry.
* [[Black Seminoles]]: Indians associated with the [[Seminole]] people in Florida and Oklahoma.
* [[Bushinengue]]s: in [[French Guiana]], meaning people of the forest, descendants of slaves who escaped enslavement and established independent communities in the forest.
* [[Gaspar Yanga]]: an African known for being the leader of a maroon colony of slaves in New Spain.
* [[Saramaka]]: one of six Maroon peoples in the Republic of Suriname and one of the Maroon peoples in French Guiana.
* [[Jamaican Maroons]]: one of the few countries where Maroon communities still exist.
* ''[[Quilombo (film)|Quilombo]]'' a 1985 film about Quilombo dos Palmares, a fugitive community of escaped slaves and others, in colonial Brazil.
* [[Jean Dugain]]
{{div col end|2}}

{{Clear}}

== Kundivihira ==

{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==

=== Literature ===

*[https://archive.org/details/historyofmaroons02dalliala/page/n8?q=%22halifax%2C+Nova+Scotia%22 History of the Maroons]
* [[Russell Banks]] (1980), ''The Book of Jamaica''.
* Campbell, Mavis Christine (1988), ''The Maroons of Jamaica, 1655–1796: a history of resistance, collaboration &amp; betrayal'', Granby, Mass.: Bergin &amp; Garvey. {{ISBN|0-89789-148-1}}
* Corzo, Gabino La Rosa (2003), ''Runaway Slave Settlements in Cuba: Resistance and Repression'' (translated by Mary Todd), Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. {{ISBN|0-8078-2803-3}}
* [[Robert Charles Dallas|Dallas, R. C.]] ''The History of the Maroons, from Their Origin to the Establishment of Their Chief Tribe at Sierra Leone''. 2 vols. London: Longman. 1803.
* De Granada, Germán (1970), ''Cimarronismo, palenques y Hablas &quot;Criollas&quot; en Hispanoamérica'' Instituto Caro y Cuero, Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia, [http://worldcat.org/oclc/37821053 OCLC 37821053] (in Spanish)
* Diouf, Sylviane A. (2014), ''Slavery's Exiles: The Story of the American Maroons'', New York: NYU Press, {{ISBN|978-0-8147-2437-8}}
* Honychurch, Lennox (1995), ''The Dominica Story'', London: Macmillan. {{ISBN|0-333-62776-8}} (Includes extensive chapters on the Maroons of Dominica)
* Hoogbergen, Wim S. M. Brill (1997), ''The Boni Maroon Wars in Suriname'', Academic Publishers. {{ISBN|90-04-09303-6}}
* Learning, Hugo Prosper (1995), ''Hidden Americans: Maroons of Virginia and the Carolinas'' Garland Publishing, New York, {{ISBN|0-8153-1543-0}}
* Price, Richard (ed.) (1973), ''Maroon Societies: rebel slave communities in the Americas'', Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Books. {{ISBN|0-385-06508-6}}
*Schwaller, Robert, ed. ''African Maroons in Sixteenth-Century Panama: A History in Documents.'' University of Oklahoma Press, 2021.
* Thompson, Alvin O. (2006), ''Flight to Freedom: African runaways and maroons in the Americas'' University of West Indies Press, Kingston, Jamaica, {{ISBN|976-640-180-2}}
*{{cite book |last1=Thompson |first1=Alvin O. |title=Some Problems of Slave Desertion in Guyana, C. 1750-1814 |date=1976 |publisher=Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies |page=16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mJm4AAAAIAAJ&amp;q=%222,000%20Maroons%22%20%22French%20official%22}}
* van Velzen, H.U.E. Thoden and van Wetering, Wilhelmina (2004), ''In the Shadow of the Oracle: Religion as Politics in a Suriname Maroon Society'', Long Grove, Illinois: Waveland Press. {{ISBN|1-57766-323-3}}

== External links ==

{{Commons category|Maroons}}
* {{cite web|author=Chaglar, Alkan |website=toplumpostasi.net |url=http://www.toplumpostasi.net/index.php/cat/9/col/85/art/1008/PageName/English |title=The World of Surinam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928061031/http://www.toplumpostasi.net/index.php/cat/9/col/85/art/1008/PageName/English |archive-date=September 28, 2007}} (The Maroons, Hindustanis and others of Surinam.)
* {{cite web|url=http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/ethnoatlas/hmar/cult_dir/culture.7834 |title=Society-BUSH-NEGROES: Culture summary |author=Lagace, Robert O. |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312212555/http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/ethnoatlas/hmar/cult_dir/culture.7834 |archive-date=2014-03-12 }} A good short history of the &quot;Bush Negroes&quot; of Suriname.
* {{cite web|url=http://www.kingbotho.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040421170257/http://kingbotho.com/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=April 21, 2004 |website=Kingbotho|author=Mosis, André |title= Articles on Suriname Maroons and their culture in Dutch and English}}
* {{cite news|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+Maroon+culture+of+endurance.-a08929661 |title=The Maroon Culture of Endurance |author=Reidell, Helen Reidell|work=Américas |volume= 42|date= January–February 1990|pages=46–49}} (A history of Jamaican Maroons.)
* {{cite web|website=Smithsonian|url=http://www.folklife.si.edu/resources/maroon/presentation.htm|title=Creativity and Resistance: Maroon Cultures in the Americas|author=Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service (SITES) in collaboration with the Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage, with the support of the Special Exhibition Fund of the Smithsonian Institution|date=March 1999}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.folkways.si.edu/music-from-aluku-maroon-sounds-of-struggle-solace-and-survival/world/album/smithsonian |title=Music from Aluku: Maroon Sounds of Struggle, Solace, and Survival|website=Smithsonian Folkways|author=Various artists}}
*[https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/portchester-castle/history-and-stories/black-prisoners-at-portchester/ ''Black Prisoners of War at Porchester Castle'']
*[https://amazonteam.org/maps/lands-of-freedom ''Lands of Freedom: the oral histories and cultural heritage of the Matawai Maroons in Suriname'']
{{Maroons}}{{African diaspora}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Maroons (people)| ]]&lt;!--leave the empty space as standard--&gt;
[[Category:16th century in the Colony of Santo Domingo]]
[[Category:People of African descent]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in the Caribbean]] 
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Haiti]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in South America]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Suriname]]
[[Category:People from Saint-Domingue]]
[[Category:People from the Colony of Santo Domingo]]
[[Category:Pre-emancipation African-American history]]
[[Category:Fugitive American slaves]]</text>
      <sha1>0ckk5qc3q5uspf40s71ozhdhsnoj3f7</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>115055</id>
      <parentid>115054</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-09T20:03:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Deishini Mariam</username>
        <id>4461</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Di nambu maa yila &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1294759705|Maroons]]&quot; lɛbigibu ni na</comment>
      <origin>115055</origin>
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      <text bytes="602" sha1="elxq1tts63z6iusa066s1gcb4hgaotf" xml:space="preserve">'''Maroons''' nya la ti yannima Ka Americans mini island din bei India mogli lani Ka bi daa gbahiba lei dabba . Bei yino Ka bi daa zon tilgi  . Bi daa Zoya ka chei dabtali maa.

Bi daa chag ya ti kpa bi magmag a zulya . Bi daa bi too gabri bi tab ni , Ka di daa nig Katari Ka bi daa kpa bi zulya yel toa . Yel toa maa  daa  lei ma a si la taba . Dini nyei   Garifuna mini Mascogos.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Diouf|first=Sylviane A.|title=Slavery's Exiles: The Story of the American Maroons|publisher=NYU|year=2016|isbn=978-0-8147-2449-1|location=New York|pages=81, 171–177, 215, 309|oclc=864551110}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>115056</id>
      <parentid>115055</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-09T20:03:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Quinlan83</username>
        <id>867</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/Deishini Mariam|Deishini Mariam]] ([[User talk:Deishini Mariam|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Quinlan83|Quinlan83]]</comment>
      <origin>115054</origin>
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      <text bytes="25674" sha1="0ckk5qc3q5uspf40s71ozhdhsnoj3f7" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|African refugees who escaped from slavery}}
{{other uses|Maroons (disambiguation)|Maroon (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| image            = Leonard Parkinson, Maroon Leader, Jamaica, 1796.jpg
| caption          = An 18th-century illustration of a Maroon
| pop              = 
| regions          = North and South America, Jamaica, Mauritius
| langs            = Creole languages
| rels             = [[Afro-American religion|African diasporic religions]]
| related          = '''Maroon peoples'''&lt;br /&gt;
[[Black Seminoles]], [[Bushinengue]], [[Jamaican Maroons]], [[Mauritian Maroons]], [[Kalungas]], [[Machapunga]], [[Palenqueros]], [[Quilombola]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Historical groups'''&lt;br /&gt;
[[Cimarron people (Panama)|Cimarron people]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Great Dismal Swamp maroons]]
| group            = 
| native_name      = 
| native_name_lang = 
}}
[[File:Body of Maroon child brought before medicine man, 1955.jpg|thumb|[[Ndyuka people|Ndyuka]] man bringing the body of a child before a [[shaman]]. Suriname, 1955]]
'''Maroons''' nyɛla ninvuɣ'shɛba ban yina Africanima ban be  Americanima mini Island nima ban be India nima &quot;Ocean&quot; ka daa daa zo n-tiligi ka che dab'tali, ka di nyɛla bɛ tuhi mi bee &quot;[[manumission]]&quot; ka bɛ niŋ, ka me bɛ maŋmaŋa biɛhigu sheei. Bɛ mini &quot;[[indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indigenous peoples]]&quot; tooi gabirila taba, ka bɛ kaya ni taɣa leei waligira&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Slavery's Exiles: The Story of the American Maroons|last=Diouf|first=Sylviane A.|publisher=NYU|year=2016|isbn=978-0-8147-2449-1|location=New York|pages=81, 171–177, 215, 309|oclc=864551110}}&lt;/ref&gt;kamani [[Garifuna]] mini [[Mascogos]].

[[File:Wikibruz23.jpg|thumb|upright|''Maroons surprised by dogs'' (1893) (Brussels) by [[Louis Samain]].]]

== Pilli ==

''Maroon'', bɛ ni tooi che shɛli labi ka di nyɛla di ka la aʒianima pam, daa kpela Silimi'tiŋa kamani yuma din gbaai 1590s, French bachibuɣisirili puuni &quot;{{Lang|fr|marron}}&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Maroon definition and meaning |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/maroon |website=Collins Dictionary |access-date=16 December 2019 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; din nyɛ 'feral' bee 'fugitive'. Din mini di bachinima ŋmebu nyɛ yim maa yoli, 'reddish brown' zaŋti ''maroon'' gbunni bi yi polo zaŋ na hali ni yuma din gbaai 1700s, amaa dini tooi nyɛ di daa yila &quot;maroon&quot; niriba sani na.&lt;ref name=&quot;OED&quot;&gt;{{Cite OED|maroon}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Roberts |first=Neil |title=Freedom as Marronage |date=2015 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-20118-4 |location=Chicago, Illinois |pages=4–5 |oclc=899240409}}&lt;/ref&gt;

American Spanish bachi &quot;{{Lang|es|cimarrón}}&quot; gba tooi nyɛla din zani ti Siliminsili bachi &quot;''maroon&quot; ni yina shɛli'', ka di buɣisiri daba ban daa zo Florida biɛhisi sheei, &quot;[[Great Dismal Swamp maroons|Great Dismal Swamp]]&quot; din daa be Virginia mini North Carolina tarisi, Caribbean daba gbahibu tingbana,ni [[New World]] yaɣ'shɛŋa. Linguist [[Lyle Campbell]] yɛliya ni  Spanish bachi din nyɛ &quot;''{{Lang|es|cimarrón}}''&quot; gbunni nyɛla 'yɔɣu, gamazuɣu' bee 'dabili ŋun zo'.&lt;ref name=&quot;Campbell2000&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author-link=Lyle Campbell|last=Campbell|first=Lyle|title=American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i3g8DwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA400|year=2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514050-7|page=400}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yuma 1570s piligu, Sir [[Francis Drake]]'s daa goya gili Spanish din be Panama ka &quot;''Symerons'',&quot; daa sɔŋ o, din ni tooi nyɛ &quot;''{{Lang|es|cimarrón}}''&quot; ka bɛ sabi chirim.&lt;ref name=&quot;OED&quot;/&gt; Bala baŋda [[Leo Spitzer]], yɛliya balli lahabali sabbu puuni,, &quot;ningbuna niŋbu yi beni ni Eng. ''maroon'', Fr. ''{{Lang|fr|marron}}'', ni Sp. ''{{Lang|es|cimarrón}}'', Spain (bee Spanish America) di nyɛla din ni tooi zani dede n-ti England (bee English America).&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Spitzer1938&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|author-link=Leo Spitzer|last=Spitzer|first=Leo|title=Spanish cimarrón|journal=Language|date=1938|volume=14|issue=2|pages=145–147|doi=10.2307/408879|jstor=408879|publisher=Linguistic Society of America&quot;|quote=The Shorter Oxford Dictionary explains maroon 'fugitive negro slave' as from 'Fr. marron, said to be a corruption of Sp. ''cimarrón'', wild, untamed'. But Eng. ''maroon'' is attested earlier (1666) than Fr. ''marron'' 'fugitive slave' (1701, in Furetière). If there is a connection between Eng. ''maroon'', Fr. ''marron'', and Sp. ''cimarrón'', Spain (or Spanish America) probably gave the word directly to England (or English America).}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lala n lahi nyɛli, Cuban &quot;[[Philology|philologist]] [[José Juan Arrom]]&quot; nyɛla ŋun bo &quot;''maroon&quot; ni yi shɛli na'' n-ti tooni gari Spanish ''cimarrón'', din daa zaŋ tum tuma tuuli [[Hispaniola]] ni di zani ti &quot;[[feral]]&quot; niɣi, n naan yi zaŋ paai India daba ban zo n kuli zoya ni, ka zaŋ chaŋ yuma 1530s piligu din chaŋ ti kpe Africa daba ban gba niŋ lala kpee. O buɣisi ni American Spanish bachi yimina Arawakan bachi din nyɛ &quot;{{Lang|awd|simarabo}}&quot; puuni, ka bɛ leei li 'fugitive', [[Arawakan languages|Arawakan]] balli ni, [[Taíno]] ni tɔɣisiri shɛli.&lt;ref name=&quot;Arrom1983&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|author-link=José Juan Arrom|last=Arrom|first=José Juan|title=Cimarrón: Apuntes sobre sus primeras documentaciones y su probable origen|language=es|trans-title=Cimarrón: Notes on its first documentation and probable origin|journal=Revista Española de Antropología Americana|date=1983|volume=XII|url=https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/REAA/article/viewFile/REAA8383110047A/25067|publisher=Universidad Complutense|location=Madrid|quote={{langx|es|Y si prestamos atención al testimonio de Oviedo cuando, después de haber vivido en la Española por muchos años, asevera que cimarrón «quiere decir, en la lengua desta isla, fugitivos», quedaría demostrado que nos hallamos, en efecto, ante un temprano préstamo de la lengua taina.»|link=no}} English: And if we pay attention to the testimony of Oviedo when, after having lived in Hispaniola for many years, he asserts that cimarrón &quot;means, in the language of this island, fugitives&quot;, it would be demonstrated that we are, in fact, before an early loan of the Taíno language.|page=10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ArromArévalo1986&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author-link=José Juan Arrom|last1=Arrom|first1=José Juan|first2=Manuel Antonio |last2=García Arévalo|title=Cimarrón|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ij5IAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=%22cimarr%C3%B3n%20es%20un%20indigenismo%22|year=1986|publisher=Ediciones Fundación García-Arévalo|page=30|quote={{langx|es|En resumen, los informes que aquí aporto confirman que cimarrón es un indigenismo de origen antillano, que se usaba ya en el primer tercio de siglo xvi, y que ha venido a resultar otro de los numerosos antillanismos que la conquista extendió por todo el ámbito del continente e hizo refluir sobre la propia metrópoli.|link=no}} English: In short, the reports that I am contributing here confirm that ''cimarrón'' is an Indian word of Antillean origin, which was already used in the first third of the sixteenth century, and which has come to be another of the many Antillanisms that the conquest extended throughout the breadth of the continent and made to reflect on the metropolis itself.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Price1996&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Richard|last=Price|title=Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas|url=https://archive.org/details/maroonsocieties00rich|url-access=registration|date=1996|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-0-8018-5496-5|pages=xi–xii}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Arrom2000&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author-link=José Juan Arrom|first=José Juan|last=Arrom|title=Estudios de lexicología antillana|language=es|trans-title=Antillean Lexicology Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fr4uAAAAYAAJ|date=1 January 2000|publisher=Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico|isbn=978-0-8477-0374-6|page=128}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Tardieu |first1=Jean-Pierre |title=Cimarrôn–Maroon–Marron, note épistémologique|language=fr|trans-title=Cimarrôn–Maroon–Marron, epistemological note |journal=Outre-Mers. Revue d'histoire |date=2006 |volume=93 |issue=350 |pages=237–247 |doi=10.3406/outre.2006.4201 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/outre_1631-0438_2006_num_93_350_4201}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;!-- ===Usage and other terms===
The name Maroon is the [[English language|British]] and [[French language|French]] [[Corruption (grammar)|corruption]] of the Spanish ''cimarrónes'', meaning 'wild' or 'untamed'. While the word ''maroon'' was used extensively for the escaped blacks in Jamaica, it was in use throughout the Caribbean. The French used the word ''marron'' for any fugitive slave. In the Guianas, escaped Blacks were commonly known as &quot;bush negroes&quot; or &quot;refugee blacks&quot;. In Spanish-speaking areas, the villages were sometimes called ''[[Palenque (village)|palenques]]'' or ''[[quilombo]]s'', and the self-liberated Blacks were called ''palenqueros''. --&gt;

== Taarihi ==

=== Colonial era ===
[[File:The Maroons In Ambush On The Dromilly Estate In The Parish Of Trelawney, Jamaica in 1795.jpg|thumb|1801 [[aquatint]] of a maroon raid on the Dromilly estate, Jamaica, during the Second Maroon War of 1795–1796.]]
[[New World]] ni, kamani di yi daa kuli daŋ, yuuni 1512, Africa daba daa zo Spanish n chaŋ ti pahi shɛba zuɣu bee ka bɛ daa bo bɛ maŋmaŋa biɛhigu shee.&lt;ref name=&quot;Drake1&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Voyages and Travels: Ancient and Modern|last=Drake|first=Frances|author-link=Frances Drake|url=http://www.bartleby.com/33/34.html|publisher=The Harvard Classics|date=1909–1914|at=para. 21|via=Bartleby Great Books Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tuuli daba tuhibu daa niŋla [[Dominican Republic]] lache buu din daa nyɛ Admiral [[Diego Columbus]] ni su shɛli, Anashaara goli 26 December yuuni 1522, ka Admiral daa dahim li ka di bi viɛla.&lt;ref name=&quot;Franco1996&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=José|last=Franco|chapter=Maroons and Slave Rebellions in the Spanish Territories|editor-last=Price|editor-first=Richard|title=Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas|location=Baltimore|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1996}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Rp|35}} Tuuli maroon tinsi din nyɛ Americanima dini daa kpala lala niŋsim ŋɔ nyaaŋa, dini daa niŋ ka lala daba ŋɔ shɛba daa tooi zo n-tili. Di daa lahi nyɛla daliri din yɛn ti [[People of the Dominican Republic|Dominican]] yaa maroons ban daa chaŋ ti su maroon tuma Americanima sani. [[Sebastián Lemba]], bɛ ni daa dɔɣi so Africa, daa tooi tuhi Spaniards di nasra yuuni 1532, ka daa naai noli ni Africanima shɛba o yuun poinaanu zaŋ tuhi Spanish dab gbahiriba ŋɔ. Din tooi niŋ ka Lemba daa nya maroons shɛba pahi o ma`n zuɣu kamani Juan Vaquero, Diego del Guzmán, Fernando Montoro, Juan Criollo ni [[Diego del Ocampo]] o dabili tuhibu saha. Dini daa niŋ ka maroons tuhi Spanish daabili, Spanish kpamba daa pilila maroon zobu ni bɛ ti fa island maa. Zaŋ kana 1540s, maroons daa tooi deei island maa puuni zaa, amaa yaɣ'shɛŋa din daa be east, north, ni western yaɣa din daa be island gba daa na nyɛla din yɛn kpe maroon sulinsi ni. Maroon &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Schwaller|first1=Robert C. |title=Contested Conquests: African Maroons and the Incomplete Conquest of Hispaniola, 1519–1620|language=en |journal=The Americas |date=2018 |volume=75 |issue=4 |pages=609-638 |doi=10.1017/tam.2018.3|hdl=1808/29355 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dominican maroons nyɛla ban yɛn be island maa ni hali ni 17th century.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=López de Cerrato |first=Alonso |chapter=Lemba and the Maroons of Hispaniola |date=2014 |title=The Dominican Republic Reader |pages=66–67 |publisher=Duke University Press |doi=10.1215/9780822376521-015 |isbn=978-0-8223-5688-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |author=Deive, Carlos Esteban |title=Los guerrilleros negros: esclavos fugitivos y cimarrones en Santo Domingo |date=1997 |publisher=Fundación Cultural Dominicana |oclc=44735015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sir [[Francis Drake]] daa kali ''cimarrones'' pam o go n gili Spanish ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Drake2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Voyages and Travels: Ancient and Modern|last=Drake|first=Frances|author-link=Frances Drake|url=http://www.bartleby.com/33/35.html|publisher=The Harvard Classics|date=1909–1914|at=para. 101|via=Bartleby Great Books Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kamani yuuni 1655, Africanima daa kpala tinsi inland [[Jamaica]], ka zaŋ chaŋ 18th century, [[Nanny Town]] mini Jamaican maroon tinkpan shɛŋa daa pili maŋsulinsi zuɣu zabbu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Campbell&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Campbell|first=Mavis Christine|date=1988|title=The Maroons of Jamaica, 1655–1796: A History of Resistance, Collaboration &amp; Betrayal|location=Granby, Massachusetts|publisher=Bergin &amp; Garvey|isbn=0-89789-148-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Di ni daa niŋ ka Amerindians mini daba ban daa zo n tiligi daa laɣim taba bɛ daa booni ba la &quot;maroons&quot;. [[Caribbean islands]] ni, bɛ daa kpala laɣisni islands, armed camps. Maroon daa niŋ wahala pam,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=American Vistas: 1607–1877|editor1-last=Dinnerstein|editor1-first=Leonard|editor2-first=Kenneth T.|editor2-last=Jackson|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZnAKAQAAMAAJ|year=1975|publisher=Oxford University Press |page=64}}&lt;/ref&gt; bindirigu nya n-di,&lt;ref name=&quot;Ohadike2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Don C. |last=Ohadike|title=Pan-African Culture of Resistance: A History of Liberation Struggles in Africa and the Diaspora |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_u_6ZA8BYUC  |date=1 January 2002 |publisher=Global Publications, Binghamton University |isbn=978-1-58684-175-1 |page=22}}&lt;/ref&gt; ni bɛ ni yɛn niŋ shɛ dɔɣi ka yɛligi.&lt;ref name=&quot;brief&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first= Jan|last= Rogozinski|year= 1999|title= A Brief History of the Caribbean|edition= revised|publisher= Facts on File Inc.|location= New York|pages= 155–168|isbn= 0-8160-3811-2|url= https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofca00rogo_0/page/155|via=Internet Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tuuli maroon tinsi daa kuli bela yerayera. Zaŋ kana yuuni 1700, maroon daa zoya ka che islands. Biɛhigu daa niŋla tom pam zaŋti ba, di daa kuli ʒimi ni bɛ tiuhima ka lahi bɔri bindirigu.&lt;ref name=&quot;brief&quot;/&gt;Maroons so ŋun daa tooi mali yiko n daa nyɛ [[François Mackandal]], ŋun daa nyɛ &quot;[[houngan]]&quot; bee &quot;[[Haitian Vodou|voodoo]].&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ci.miami.fl.us/haiti2004/history.htm  |title=The History of Haiti and the Haitian Revolution |publisher=The City of Miami |access-date=2007-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070826170155/http://www.ci.miami.fl.us/haiti2004/history.htm |archive-date=2007-08-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Cuba]] tingbani ni, maroon tinsi daa be di zolona ni, luɣ'shɛli Africa daba ni daa zo n-tiligi chaŋ ti pahi [[Taíno people|Taíno]]s ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Aimes&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Aimes|first=Hubert H. S.|date=1967|title=A History of Slavery in Cuba, 1511 to 1868|location=New York|publisher=Octagon Books}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pɔi ka pala daa naan yi ti mali chaŋ [[Puerto Rico]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|first=Franklin W.|last=Knight|title=Review of Benjamin Nistal-Moret, ''Esclavos prófugos y cimarrones: Puerto Rico, 1770–1870''|journal=Hispanic American Historical Review|volume=66|issue=2|date=May 1986|pages=381–382|jstor=2515149 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Maroon tinsi pam daa kpaya Caribbean ([[Saint Vincent (island)|St&amp;nbsp;Vincent]] mini [[Dominica]]), amaa di shɛli da pa arisigu zaŋ ti British kamani [[Jamaican Maroons]].&lt;ref name=autogenerated2&gt;{{cite book|last=Edwards|first=Bryan|date=1801|title=Historical Survey of the Island of Saint Domingo|location=London|publisher=J. Stockdale}}&lt;/ref&gt; 17th century piligu, Jamaican Maroons daa kuli tuhirila British daba-gbahiriba sahakam, ka di daa ti tahi &quot;[[First Maroon War]]&quot; na (1728–1740). Yuuni 1739 mini yuuni 1740,British gɔmnanti zaŋti [[Colony of Jamaica]], [[Edward Trelawny (colonial administrator)|Edward Trelawny]], daa dihi gbana ni ka lo ba alikaule ni {{convert|2500|acres|0|abbr=on}} luɣa buyi ni, [[Cudjoe's Town (Trelawny Town)]] din be western Jamaica mini [[Crawford's Town]] din be eastern Jamaica, din yɛn che ka bɛ che taba tuhibu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Colonies&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Taylor|first=Alan|date=2001|title=American Colonies: The Settling of North America|location=New York|publisher=Penguin Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Siva2018&quot;&gt;{{cite thesis |first=Michael |last=Siva |title=After the Treaties: A Social, Economic and Demographic History of Maroon Society in Jamaica, 1739-1842 |type=PhD |location=Southampton, England |publisher=Southampton University |date=2018 |url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/423482/1/LIBRARY_COPY_After_The_Treaties_Final.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Rp|31–46}} 

=== Modern era ===
Maroon tinkura din daa be Spanish Caribbean daa na kuli beni zaŋ kana yuuni 2006, kamani [[Viñales]], Cuba,&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Sartorio |first=Blanchie |date=2004-03-13 |title=El Templo de los Cimarrónes |trans-title=The Temple of the Maroons |url=http://www.guerrillero.co.cu/pinardelrio/2004/marzo/eltemplo.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080508202938/http://www.guerrillero.co.cu/pinardelrio/2004/marzo/eltemplo.htm |archive-date=2008-05-08 |website=Guerrillero: Pinar del Río |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; ni [[Adjuntas, Puerto Rico|Adjuntas]], Puerto Rico.

Zaŋ kana zuŋɔ, Jamaican Maroon nyɛla ban za bɛ gama zuɣu ka waligi ka che Jamaica tinsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Campbell&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Edwards |first=Bryan |title=Historical Survey of the Island of Saint Domingo |date=1801 |publisher=J. Stockdale |location=London |pages=303–360 |chapter=Observations on the disposition, character, manners, and habits of life, of the Maroons of the island of Jamaica; and a detail of the origin, progress, and termination of the late war between those people and the white inhabitants |orig-date=1796}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndyuka na kuli nyɛla din niŋ talahi ti Ndyuka mini saha ŋɔ Surinamese gɔmnanti, ka di daliri nyɛla dii buɣisila Maroons fukumsi din be &quot;[[gold]]-rich inlands&quot; zaŋit Suriname.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=van Stipriaan |first=Alex |title=Surinaams Contrast. Roofbouw en Overleven in een Caraïbische Plantagekolonie, 1750–1863 |date=1995 |publisher=KITLV Uitgeverij |isbn=90-6718-052-1 |location=Leiden, Netherlands |language=nl |trans-title=Surinamese Contrast. Robbery and Survival in a Caribbean Plantation Colony, 1750–1863}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Buddingh' |first=Hans |url=https://www.onlinebibliotheek.nl/catalogus/376317221/de-geschiedenis-van-suriname-hans-buddingh- |title=Geschiedenis van Suriname |date=2012 |publisher=Nieuw Amsterdam |isbn=978-90-468-1172-6 |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands |language=nl |trans-title=The History of Suriname}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Kunst van Overleven. Marroncultuur uit Suriname |date=2009 |publisher=KIT Publishers |isbn=978-94-6022-040-1 |editor1-last=van Stipriaan |editor1-first=Alex |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands |language=nl |trans-title=Art of Survival. Maroon culture from Suriname |editor2-last=Polimé |editor2-first=Thomas}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{see also|Afro-American religion}}
[[File:Maroon flag outside St John’s Church, Freetown.jpg|thumb|Maroon flag in [[Freetown]], Sierra Leone]]
[[File:Maroon village, Suriname River, 1955.jpg|thumb|Maroon village, [[Suriname River]], 1955]]

== Lihi pahi ==

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Slave catcher]]
* [[Slave rebellion]]
* [[Afro-Latin American]]: [[Latin Americans]] of significant or mainly African ancestry.
* [[Black Seminoles]]: Indians associated with the [[Seminole]] people in Florida and Oklahoma.
* [[Bushinengue]]s: in [[French Guiana]], meaning people of the forest, descendants of slaves who escaped enslavement and established independent communities in the forest.
* [[Gaspar Yanga]]: an African known for being the leader of a maroon colony of slaves in New Spain.
* [[Saramaka]]: one of six Maroon peoples in the Republic of Suriname and one of the Maroon peoples in French Guiana.
* [[Jamaican Maroons]]: one of the few countries where Maroon communities still exist.
* ''[[Quilombo (film)|Quilombo]]'' a 1985 film about Quilombo dos Palmares, a fugitive community of escaped slaves and others, in colonial Brazil.
* [[Jean Dugain]]
{{div col end|2}}

{{Clear}}

== Kundivihira ==

{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==

=== Literature ===

*[https://archive.org/details/historyofmaroons02dalliala/page/n8?q=%22halifax%2C+Nova+Scotia%22 History of the Maroons]
* [[Russell Banks]] (1980), ''The Book of Jamaica''.
* Campbell, Mavis Christine (1988), ''The Maroons of Jamaica, 1655–1796: a history of resistance, collaboration &amp; betrayal'', Granby, Mass.: Bergin &amp; Garvey. {{ISBN|0-89789-148-1}}
* Corzo, Gabino La Rosa (2003), ''Runaway Slave Settlements in Cuba: Resistance and Repression'' (translated by Mary Todd), Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. {{ISBN|0-8078-2803-3}}
* [[Robert Charles Dallas|Dallas, R. C.]] ''The History of the Maroons, from Their Origin to the Establishment of Their Chief Tribe at Sierra Leone''. 2 vols. London: Longman. 1803.
* De Granada, Germán (1970), ''Cimarronismo, palenques y Hablas &quot;Criollas&quot; en Hispanoamérica'' Instituto Caro y Cuero, Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia, [http://worldcat.org/oclc/37821053 OCLC 37821053] (in Spanish)
* Diouf, Sylviane A. (2014), ''Slavery's Exiles: The Story of the American Maroons'', New York: NYU Press, {{ISBN|978-0-8147-2437-8}}
* Honychurch, Lennox (1995), ''The Dominica Story'', London: Macmillan. {{ISBN|0-333-62776-8}} (Includes extensive chapters on the Maroons of Dominica)
* Hoogbergen, Wim S. M. Brill (1997), ''The Boni Maroon Wars in Suriname'', Academic Publishers. {{ISBN|90-04-09303-6}}
* Learning, Hugo Prosper (1995), ''Hidden Americans: Maroons of Virginia and the Carolinas'' Garland Publishing, New York, {{ISBN|0-8153-1543-0}}
* Price, Richard (ed.) (1973), ''Maroon Societies: rebel slave communities in the Americas'', Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Books. {{ISBN|0-385-06508-6}}
*Schwaller, Robert, ed. ''African Maroons in Sixteenth-Century Panama: A History in Documents.'' University of Oklahoma Press, 2021.
* Thompson, Alvin O. (2006), ''Flight to Freedom: African runaways and maroons in the Americas'' University of West Indies Press, Kingston, Jamaica, {{ISBN|976-640-180-2}}
*{{cite book |last1=Thompson |first1=Alvin O. |title=Some Problems of Slave Desertion in Guyana, C. 1750-1814 |date=1976 |publisher=Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies |page=16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mJm4AAAAIAAJ&amp;q=%222,000%20Maroons%22%20%22French%20official%22}}
* van Velzen, H.U.E. Thoden and van Wetering, Wilhelmina (2004), ''In the Shadow of the Oracle: Religion as Politics in a Suriname Maroon Society'', Long Grove, Illinois: Waveland Press. {{ISBN|1-57766-323-3}}

== External links ==

{{Commons category|Maroons}}
* {{cite web|author=Chaglar, Alkan |website=toplumpostasi.net |url=http://www.toplumpostasi.net/index.php/cat/9/col/85/art/1008/PageName/English |title=The World of Surinam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928061031/http://www.toplumpostasi.net/index.php/cat/9/col/85/art/1008/PageName/English |archive-date=September 28, 2007}} (The Maroons, Hindustanis and others of Surinam.)
* {{cite web|url=http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/ethnoatlas/hmar/cult_dir/culture.7834 |title=Society-BUSH-NEGROES: Culture summary |author=Lagace, Robert O. |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312212555/http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/ethnoatlas/hmar/cult_dir/culture.7834 |archive-date=2014-03-12 }} A good short history of the &quot;Bush Negroes&quot; of Suriname.
* {{cite web|url=http://www.kingbotho.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040421170257/http://kingbotho.com/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=April 21, 2004 |website=Kingbotho|author=Mosis, André |title= Articles on Suriname Maroons and their culture in Dutch and English}}
* {{cite news|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+Maroon+culture+of+endurance.-a08929661 |title=The Maroon Culture of Endurance |author=Reidell, Helen Reidell|work=Américas |volume= 42|date= January–February 1990|pages=46–49}} (A history of Jamaican Maroons.)
* {{cite web|website=Smithsonian|url=http://www.folklife.si.edu/resources/maroon/presentation.htm|title=Creativity and Resistance: Maroon Cultures in the Americas|author=Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service (SITES) in collaboration with the Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage, with the support of the Special Exhibition Fund of the Smithsonian Institution|date=March 1999}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.folkways.si.edu/music-from-aluku-maroon-sounds-of-struggle-solace-and-survival/world/album/smithsonian |title=Music from Aluku: Maroon Sounds of Struggle, Solace, and Survival|website=Smithsonian Folkways|author=Various artists}}
*[https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/portchester-castle/history-and-stories/black-prisoners-at-portchester/ ''Black Prisoners of War at Porchester Castle'']
*[https://amazonteam.org/maps/lands-of-freedom ''Lands of Freedom: the oral histories and cultural heritage of the Matawai Maroons in Suriname'']
{{Maroons}}{{African diaspora}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Maroons (people)| ]]&lt;!--leave the empty space as standard--&gt;
[[Category:16th century in the Colony of Santo Domingo]]
[[Category:People of African descent]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in the Caribbean]] 
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Haiti]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in South America]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Suriname]]
[[Category:People from Saint-Domingue]]
[[Category:People from the Colony of Santo Domingo]]
[[Category:Pre-emancipation African-American history]]
[[Category:Fugitive American slaves]]</text>
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    <title>Berlin Conference</title>
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      <comment>Di nambu maa yila &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1294728493|Berlin Conference]]&quot; lɛbigibu ni na</comment>
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      <text bytes="668" sha1="751vhnx4mp1or44e9df2y606ucxpy6j" xml:space="preserve">'''Berlin Conference''' din daa niŋ yuuni 1884–1885 daa nyɛla yaɣili din daa laɣim n-ti  colonial powers  ka daa naagi ni bɛ daa dihi nuhi '''General Act of Berlin''', Di daa nyɛla alikawli din daa kpɛŋ n-ti Europe tiŋgbani nima ni bɛ Africa daabilim New Imperialism saha. Laɣingu maa daa nyɛla tiŋgbani nima pia ni anahi ka bƐ daa laɣim ni, ka di daa nyɛla Otto von Bismarck,ŋun daa nyɛ tuuli chancellor of Germany, ni Leopold II of Belgium.tiŋgbani soli ni. November biɛɣu pishi ayi ka dali yuuni 1884, ka bi daa pili adjournment, ka daa naagi silimiin goli February biɛɣu pishi ayɔbu dali yuuni 1885 ni bɛ daa dihi nuhi General Act zuɣu.</text>
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      <text bytes="5686" sha1="2h8hwgnc5xvl6sxrresdoprx9kvf591" xml:space="preserve">'''Berlin Conference''' din daa niŋ yuuni 1884–1885 daa nyɛla yaɣili din daa laɣim n-ti  colonial powers  ka daa naagi ni bɛ daa dihi nuhi '''General Act of Berlin''', Di daa nyɛla alikawli din daa kpɛŋ n-ti Europe tiŋgbani nima ni bɛ Africa daabilim New Imperialism saha. Laɣingu maa daa nyɛla tiŋgbani nima pia ni anahi ka bƐ daa laɣim ni, ka di daa nyɛla Otto von Bismarck,ŋun daa nyɛ tuuli chancellor of Germany, ni Leopold II of Belgium.tiŋgbani soli ni. November biɛɣu pishi ayi ka dali yuuni 1884, ka bi daa pili adjournment, ka daa naagi silimiin goli February biɛɣu pishi ayɔbu dali yuuni 1885 ni bɛ daa dihi nuhi General Act zuɣu.

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Sources==
* [[Chamberlain, Muriel E.]] (2014). ''The Scramble for Africa''. London: Longman, 1974, 4th edn. {{ISBN|0-582-36881-2}}.
*Craven, M. 2015. &quot;Between law and history: the Berlin Conference of 1884–1885 and the logic of free trade.&quot; ''[[London Review of International Law]]'' 3, 31–59.
* Crowe, Sybil E. (1942). ''The Berlin West African Conference, 1884–1885''. New York: Longmans, Green. {{ISBN|0-8371-3287-8}} (1981, New ed. edition).
* Förster, Stig, Wolfgang Justin Mommsen, and Ronald Edward Robinson, eds. ''Bismarck, Europe and Africa: The Berlin Africa conference 1884–1885 and the onset of partition'' (Oxford University Press, 1988) [https://archive.org/details/bismarckeuropeandafricatheberlinafricaconference18841885andtheonsetofpartitionst online]; 30 topical chapters by experts.
* [[Adam Hochschild|Hochschild, Adam]] (1999). ''[[King Leopold's Ghost]]''. {{ISBN|0-395-75924-2}}.
*Katzenellenbogen, S. 1996. It didn't happen at Berlin: Politics, economics and ignorance in the setting of Africa's colonial boundaries. In Nugent, P. and Asiwaju, A. I. (Eds.), ''African boundaries: Barriers, conduits and opportunities''. pp.&amp;nbsp;21–34. London: Pinter.
* Petringa, Maria (2006). ''Brazza, A Life for Africa''. {{ISBN|978-1-4259-1198-0}}.
* Lorin, Amaury, and de Gemeaux, Christine, eds., ''L'Europe coloniale et le grand tournant de la Conférence de Berlin (1884–1885)'', Paris, Le Manuscrit, coll. &quot;Carrefours d'empires&quot;, 2013, 380 p.

==Further reading==
* Craven, Matthew. ''The invention of a tradition: Westlake, the Berlin Conference and the historicisation of international law'' (Klosterman, 2012).
* Leon, Daniel De (1886). &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/2139304 The Conference at Berlin on the West-African Question]&quot;. ''Political Science Quarterly'' '''1'''(1).
* Förster, Susanne, et al. &quot;Negotiating German colonial heritage in Berlin's Afrikanisches Viertel.&quot; ''International Journal of Heritage Studies'' 22.7 (2016): 515–529.
* Frankema, Ewout, Jeffrey G. Williamson, and P. J. Woltjer. &quot;An economic rationale for the West African scramble? The commercial transition and the commodity price boom of 1835–1885.&quot; ''Journal of Economic History'' (2018): 231–267. [https://www.ewoutfrankema.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/RationaleScramble.JEH_.2018.pdf online]
* Harlow, Barbara, and Mia Carter, eds. ''Archives of Empire: Volume 2. The Scramble for Africa'' (Duke University Press, 2020).
* Mulligan, William. &quot;The Anti-slave Trade Campaign in Europe, 1888–90.&quot; in ''A Global History of Anti-slavery Politics in the Nineteenth Century'' (Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2013). 149–170 [http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/68932/1/76.pdf.pdf#page=158 online].
* Nuzzo, Luigi (2012), [http://ieg-ego.eu/en/threads/europe-and-the-world/european-overseas-rule/luigi-nuzzo-colonial-law Colonial Law], [http://www.ieg-ego.eu/ EGO – European History Online], Mainz: [http://www.ieg-mainz.de/likecms/index.php Institute of European History]. Retrieved 25 March 2021 ([https://d-nb.info/1036301486/34 pdf]).
* [[Walter Rodney|Rodney, Walter]]. ''[[How Europe Underdeveloped Africa]]'' (1972) –
* Shepperson, George. &quot;The Centennial of the West African Conference of Berlin, 1884–1885.&quot; ''Phylon'' 46#1 (1985), pp.&amp;nbsp;37–48. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/274944 online]
* Vanthemsche, Guy. ''Belgium and the Congo, 1885–1980'' (Cambridge University Press, 2012). 289 pp. ISBN 978-0-521-19421-1
* Waller, Bruce. ''Bismarck at the crossroads: the reorientation of German foreign policy after the Congress of Berlin, 1878–1880'' (1974) [https://archive.org/details/bismarckatcrossr0000wall online]
* Yao, Joanne (2022). &quot;[[doi:10.1017/S0020818322000182|The Power of Geographical Imaginaries in the European International Order: Colonialism, the 1884–85 Berlin Conference, and Model International Organizations]]&quot;. ''International Organization.''

==External links==
{{sister project links||d=Q13582|c=Category:Berlin Conference (1884)|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}}
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03ffkfd &quot;The Berlin Conference&quot;], BBC [[In Our Time (radio series)|''In Our Time'']]
* [https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/general-act-berlin-conference-west-africa-26-february-1885 General Act of the Berlin Conference]. [[South African History Online]].
{{Spoken Wikipedia|En-BerlinConference-article.ogg|date=11 December 2017}}

{{Great Power diplomacy}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:European colonisation of Africa]]
[[Category:1884 in Germany]]
[[Category:1885 in Germany]]
[[Category:Diplomatic conferences in Germany]]
[[Category:Imperialism]]
[[Category:19th-century diplomatic conferences]]
[[Category:1884 in international relations]]
[[Category:1885 in international relations]]
[[Category:1884 conferences]]
[[Category:1885 conferences]]
[[Category:1885 in Africa]]
[[Category:1884 in Africa]]
[[Category:19th century in Berlin]]
[[Category:1880s in Prussia]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5597" sha1="o0il7e7gqadknft7gb6gdstu0dtfp44" xml:space="preserve">'''Berlin Conference''' din daa niŋ yuuni 1884–1885 daa nyɛla yaɣili din daa laɣim n-ti  colonial powers  ka daa naagi ni bɛ daa dihi nuhi '''General Act of Berlin''', Di daa nyɛla alikawli din daa kpɛŋ n-ti Europe tiŋgbani nima ni bɛ Africa daabilim New Imperialism saha. Laɣingu maa daa nyɛla tiŋgbani nima pia ni anahi ka bƐ daa laɣim ni, ka di daa nyɛla Otto von Bismarck,ŋun daa nyɛ tuuli chancellor of Germany, ni Leopold II of Belgium.tiŋgbani soli ni. November biɛɣu pishi ayi ka dali yuuni 1884, ka bi daa pili adjournment, ka daa naagi silimiin goli February biɛɣu pishi ayɔbu dali yuuni 1885 ni bɛ daa dihi nuhi General Act zuɣu.

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Sources==
* Chamberlain, Muriel E. (2014). ''The Scramble for Africa''. London: Longman, 1974, 4th edn. {{ISBN|0-582-36881-2}}.
*Craven, M. 2015. &quot;Between law and history: the Berlin Conference of 1884–1885 and the logic of free trade.&quot; ''London Review of International Law'' 3, 31–59.
* Crowe, Sybil E. (1942). ''The Berlin West African Conference, 1884–1885''. New York: Longmans, Green. {{ISBN|0-8371-3287-8}} (1981, New ed. edition).
* Förster, Stig, Wolfgang Justin Mommsen, and Ronald Edward Robinson, eds. ''Bismarck, Europe and Africa: The Berlin Africa conference 1884–1885 and the onset of partition'' (Oxford University Press, 1988) [https://archive.org/details/bismarckeuropeandafricatheberlinafricaconference18841885andtheonsetofpartitionst online]; 30 topical chapters by experts.
* Hochschild, Adam (1999). ''King Leopold's Ghost''. {{ISBN|0-395-75924-2}}.
*Katzenellenbogen, S. 1996. It didn't happen at Berlin: Politics, economics and ignorance in the setting of Africa's colonial boundaries. In Nugent, P. and Asiwaju, A. I. (Eds.), ''African boundaries: Barriers, conduits and opportunities''. pp.&amp;nbsp;21–34. London: Pinter.
* Petringa, Maria (2006). ''Brazza, A Life for Africa''. {{ISBN|978-1-4259-1198-0}}.
* Lorin, Amaury, and de Gemeaux, Christine, eds., ''L'Europe coloniale et le grand tournant de la Conférence de Berlin (1884–1885)'', Paris, Le Manuscrit, coll. &quot;Carrefours d'empires&quot;, 2013, 380 p.

==Further reading==
* Craven, Matthew. ''The invention of a tradition: Westlake, the Berlin Conference and the historicisation of international law'' (Klosterman, 2012).
* Leon, Daniel De (1886). &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/2139304 The Conference at Berlin on the West-African Question]&quot;. ''Political Science Quarterly'' '''1'''(1).
* Förster, Susanne, et al. &quot;Negotiating German colonial heritage in Berlin's Afrikanisches Viertel.&quot; ''International Journal of Heritage Studies'' 22.7 (2016): 515–529.
* Frankema, Ewout, Jeffrey G. Williamson, and P. J. Woltjer. &quot;An economic rationale for the West African scramble? The commercial transition and the commodity price boom of 1835–1885.&quot; ''Journal of Economic History'' (2018): 231–267. [https://www.ewoutfrankema.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/RationaleScramble.JEH_.2018.pdf online]
* Harlow, Barbara, and Mia Carter, eds. ''Archives of Empire: Volume 2. The Scramble for Africa'' (Duke University Press, 2020).
* Mulligan, William. &quot;The Anti-slave Trade Campaign in Europe, 1888–90.&quot; in ''A Global History of Anti-slavery Politics in the Nineteenth Century'' (Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2013). 149–170 [http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/68932/1/76.pdf.pdf#page=158 online].
* Nuzzo, Luigi (2012), [http://ieg-ego.eu/en/threads/europe-and-the-world/european-overseas-rule/luigi-nuzzo-colonial-law Colonial Law], [http://www.ieg-ego.eu/ EGO – European History Online], Mainz: [http://www.ieg-mainz.de/likecms/index.php Institute of European History]. Retrieved 25 March 2021 ([https://d-nb.info/1036301486/34 pdf]).
* Rodney, Walter. ''How Europe Underdeveloped Africa'' (1972) –
* Shepperson, George. &quot;The Centennial of the West African Conference of Berlin, 1884–1885.&quot; ''Phylon'' 46#1 (1985), pp.&amp;nbsp;37–48. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/274944 online]
* Vanthemsche, Guy. ''Belgium and the Congo, 1885–1980'' (Cambridge University Press, 2012). 289 pp. ISBN 978-0-521-19421-1
* Waller, Bruce. ''Bismarck at the crossroads: the reorientation of German foreign policy after the Congress of Berlin, 1878–1880'' (1974) [https://archive.org/details/bismarckatcrossr0000wall online]
* Yao, Joanne (2022). &quot;[[doi:10.1017/S0020818322000182|The Power of Geographical Imaginaries in the European International Order: Colonialism, the 1884–85 Berlin Conference, and Model International Organizations]]&quot;. ''International Organization.''

==External links==
{{sister project links||d=Q13582|c=Category:Berlin Conference (1884)|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}}
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03ffkfd &quot;The Berlin Conference&quot;], BBC ''In Our Time''
* [https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/general-act-berlin-conference-west-africa-26-february-1885 General Act of the Berlin Conference]. South African History Online.
{{Spoken Wikipedia|En-BerlinConference-article.ogg|date=11 December 2017}}

{{Great Power diplomacy}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:European colonisation of Africa]]
[[Category:1884 in Germany]]
[[Category:1885 in Germany]]
[[Category:Diplomatic conferences in Germany]]
[[Category:Imperialism]]
[[Category:19th-century diplomatic conferences]]
[[Category:1884 in international relations]]
[[Category:1885 in international relations]]
[[Category:1884 conferences]]
[[Category:1885 conferences]]
[[Category:1885 in Africa]]
[[Category:1884 in Africa]]
[[Category:19th century in Berlin]]
[[Category:1880s in Prussia]]</text>
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{{Short description|none}}
{{Redirect|European colonialism|evaluation of European colonialism|Analysis of Western European colonialism and colonization}}
{{Use American English|date = March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
[[File:Colonisation2.gif|thumb|400px|Extent of colonization by European, American, Ottoman, and Japanese powers, 1492–2007]]
[[File:Descolonización - Decolonization.png|thumb|right|475px|Map of the year each country achieved [[List of sovereign states by date of formation|independence]].]]
[[Colonization]] taarihi nyɛla binshɛɣu din gili dunia luɣili kam.  Ban daa niŋdili daadaa ha shɛba n-nyɛ [[Phoenicia]]ns, [[Babylonia|Babylonians]], [[Persians]], [[Greeks]], [[Roman Empire|Romans]], Han Chinese, ni [[Arabs]].

&quot;Colonialism&quot; zaŋ kana ʒaamani haŋkali ni nyɛla din pili ni &quot;[[Age of Discovery]]&quot;, ka [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portuguese]] be di tooni, ka daa yɛligi saha shƐli bɛ ni daa ŋme n deei&quot;[[Portuguese conquest of Ceuta|conquest of Ceuta]]&quot;  nyaaŋ yuuni 1415, ka daa bɔri ni bɛ deei [[Strait of Gibraltar]] sulinsi, ka yɛligi Dolodolo adiini, ka nya ariziki tiɣi, ka filim Portuguese salo kalinli ni [[Barbary pirates]] ka di nyɛla bɛ yɛn niŋdili mi ni [[Slavery in Africa|African slave trade]]&lt;!-- not quite a viable cite, but see https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Cambridge_Modern_History_Volume_1.djvu/46 --&gt; – lala saha daabilim daa bi zoo&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first1=John |isbn=978-0-87951-397-9 |last1=Merson |location=Woodstock, New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/geniusthatwaschi0000mers/page/72 72] |postscript=A companion to the PBS Series ''The Genius That Was China'' |publisher=The Overlook Press |title=The Genius That Was China: East and West in the Making of the Modern World |url=https://archive.org/details/geniusthatwaschi0000mers |url-access=registration |year=1990}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Periodisation ==

[[File:Colonisation2.gif|400px|thumb|Colonial powers and their expansion since 1492.]]

Lahabali tiriba buɣisila &quot;European colonialism.&quot; balobu buta zuɣu&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite book
| last1 = Gilmartin
| first1 = Mary
| chapter = 9: Colonialism/imperialism
| editor1-last = Gallaher
| editor1-first = Carolyn
| editor1-link = Carolyn Gallaher
| editor2-last = Dahlman
| editor2-first = Carl T.
| editor3-last = Gilmartin
| editor3-first = Mary
| editor4-last = Mountz
| editor4-first = Alison
| editor5-last = Shirlow
| editor5-first = Peter
| title = Key Concepts in Political Geography
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XpBJclVnVdQC
| series = Key Concepts in Human Geography
| location = London
| publisher = SAGE
| date = 2009
| page = 115
| isbn = 9781446243541
| access-date = 2017-08-09
| quote = Commentators have identified three broad waves of European colonial and imperial expansion, connected with specific territories. The first targeted the Americas, North and South, as well as the Caribbean. The second focused on Asia, while the third wave extended European control into Africa.
}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

Tuuli tinsi ayi n daa nyɛ [[Portuguese Empire|Portugal]] mini [[Spanish Empire|Spain]].&lt;ref&gt;Thomas Benjamin, ed., ''Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism Since 1450'' (2006) 1: xiv–xvi.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gilmartin, et al. p. 115&lt;/ref&gt;

Spain mini Portugal ni daa nya nasara zaŋ chaŋ yɛligibu polo zuɣu daa che ka Britain nim zaɣa kpe din ni, France, ni Netherlands.&lt;ref&gt;Jonathan Hart, ''Representing the New World: the English and French uses of the Example of Spain'' (2001). pp 85–86.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gilmartin&quot;&gt;Gilmartin, M. (2009). Colonialism/Imperialism. In ''Key concepts in political geography''  London: SAGE pp. 115–123.&lt;/ref&gt;

&quot;European colonialism&quot; ni daa ti yɛn niŋ buyi ni Britain mini Asia daa tim nuu ni [[East India Company|British East India Company]] sɔŋbu; tiŋ'shɛŋa kamani France, Portugal ni Netherlands gba daa mali nuu timbu  European yɛlibu Asia ni.&lt;ref&gt;Gilmartin, et al. p. 115&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Tonio Andrade]],  &quot;Beyond Guns, Germs, and Steel: European Expansion and Maritime Asia, 1400–1750.&quot; ''Journal of Early Modern History'' 14.1–2 (2010): 165–186.&lt;/ref&gt;

Di buta ni niŋbu ni n daa nyɛ  [[Scramble for Africa]] ka [[Berlin Conference]] of 1884–1885 zalisi daa tumdi tuma din ni. Laɣingu maa daa pirila Africa ti European yahinima. Africa yaɣa pama daa bela Britain, France, Germany, Portugal, Belgium, Italy ni Spain nuuni.&lt;ref&gt;George Shepperson,  &quot;The Centennial of the West African Conference of Berlin, 1884–1885.&quot; ''Phylon''  46.1 (1985): 37–48.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Peter J. Cain, and Anthony G. Hopkins, &quot;Gentlemanly capitalism and British expansion overseas II: New imperialism, 1850‐1945.&quot; ''Economic History Review'' 40.1 (1987): 1–26. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2596293 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308103419/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2596293 |date=8 March 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Colonialism in ancient times (3200 BC – 7th century AD)==&lt;!--I'm sure there are other examples outside of Europe--&gt;
{{Main article|Greek colonisation|Colonies in antiquity|Africa (Roman province)|Phoenician settlement of North Africa| Four Commanderies of Han|Sabaean colonization of Africa}}
{{Empty section|date=March 2025}}

==Portuguese and Spanish colonial hegemony: the Americas (15th century–1770)==

{{Main|Portuguese Empire|Portugal in the Age of Discovery|Spanish colonization of the Americas}}
[[File:Lázaro Luis 1563.jpg|thumb|A map with [[Elmina Castle]] (&quot;Mina&quot;), Ghana, one in a chain of about fifty fortified [[factory (trading post)|factories]] to enforce Portuguese trade rule along the coast, 1563.]]
[[File:Cortes builds brigantines in preparation for the Siege of Tenochtitlan.jpg|thumb|Preparations before the [[Fall of Tenochtitlan]], [[Codex Durán]].]]

==Colonialism within Europe (16th–20th century)==
{{Main article|History of Ireland|Sámi history| Danish overseas colonies#Europe|Crown Colony of Malta|History of Gibraltar|British Cyprus|Genoese colonies}}{{Expand section|date=March 2025}}

== Salo lahabaya tibu ==
{{Expand section|date=May 2024}}
Dietmar Rothermund ni wuhi shɛm, lahabali bi wuligi zaŋti salo Britain mini France lala niŋsim ŋɔ polo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Rothermund |first=Dietmar |date=2011 |title=The Self-consciousness of Post-imperial Nations: A cross-national Comparison |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45073035 |journal=India Quarterly |volume=67 |issue=1 |pages=1–18 |doi=10.1177/097492841006700101 |jstor=45073035 |issn=0974-9284}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Lihi pahi==
* [[Settler colonialism]]
* [[Analysis of Western European colonialism and colonization]]
* [[Western imperialism in Asia]]
* [[Historiography of the British Empire]]
* [[Neocolonialism]]
* [[American imperialism]]
* [[Soviet empire]]
* [[Zionism as settler colonialism]]

==Kundivihira==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* Benjamin, Thomas, ed. ''Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism Since 1450'' (3 vol 2006)
* Boxer, C.R. '' The Dutch Seaborne Empire: 1600–1800'' (1966)
* Boxer, Charles R. ''The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415–1825'' (1969)
* Brendon, Piers. &quot;A Moral Audit of the British Empire&quot;, ''History Today'' (October 2007), Vol. 57, Issue 10, pp.&amp;nbsp;44–47, online at [[EBSCO Information Services|EBSCO]]
* Brendon, Piers. ''The Decline and Fall of the British Empire, 1781–1997'' (2008), wide-ranging survey
* Ferro, Marc, ''Colonization: A Global History'' (1997)
* Gibbons, H.A. ''The New Map of Africa (1900–1916): A History of European Colonial Expansion and Colonial Diplomacy'' (1916) [https://archive.org/details/newmapafricaahi00gibbgoog/page/n11 online free]
* Hopkins, Anthony G., and Peter J. Cain. ''British Imperialism: 1688–2015''  (Routledge, 2016).
* Mackenzie, John, ed. ''The Encyclopedia of Empire'' (4 vol 2016)
* Maltby, William. ''The Rise and Fall of the Spanish Empire'' (2008).
* [[Merriman, Roger Bigelow]]. ''The rise of the Spanish Empire in the Old World and in the New'' (3 vol 1918) [https://archive.org/search.php?query=title%3A%28%22The%20Rise%20of%20the%20Spanish%20Empire%22%29 online free]
* Ness, Immanuel and Zak Cope, eds. ''The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism'' (2 vol, 2015), 1456pp
* Osterhammel, Jürgen: ''Colonialism: A Theoretical Overview'', (M. Wiener, 1997).
* Page, Melvin E. et al. eds. ''Colonialism: An International Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia'' (3 vol 2003)
* [[K. M. Panikkar|Panikkar, K. M.]]  ''Asia and Western dominance, 1498–1945'' (1953)
* Porter, Andrew N. ''European Imperialism, 1860–1914'' (Macmillan International Higher Education, 2016).
* Priestley, Herbert Ingram. ''France overseas: a study of modern imperialism'' (Routledge, 2018).
* Stern, Jacques. ''The French Colonies'' (1944) [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.183864 online], comprehensive history
* Thomas, Hugh. ''Rivers of Gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire'' (2010)
* Townsend, Mary Evelyn. ''European colonial expansion since 1871'' (1941).

===Primary sources===
* Melvin E. Page, ed. ''Colonialism: An International Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia'' (2003) vol 3 pp 833–1209 contains major documents.
* Bonnie G. Smith, ed. ''Imperialism: A History in Documents'' (2000) for middle and high schools

{{Colonial Empires}}
{{Colonization}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:History of Colonialism}}
[[Category:History of colonialism| ]]
[[Category:Western culture]]
[[Pubu:Lahabaya]]</text>
      <sha1>klxscludw8l3cbp0mgkhf18q5bqevdz</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>115065</id>
      <parentid>115064</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-10T09:48:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdul Rahman Abdul Kudus</username>
        <id>5829</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
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{{Short description|none}}
{{Redirect|European colonialism|evaluation of European colonialism|Analysis of Western European colonialism and colonization}}
{{Use American English|date = March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
[[File:Colonisation2.gif|thumb|400px|Extent of colonization by European, American, Ottoman, and Japanese powers, 1492–2007]]
[[File:Descolonización - Decolonization.png|thumb|right|475px|Map of the year each country achieved [[List of sovereign states by date of formation|independence]].]]
Colonization taarihi nyɛla binshɛɣu din gili dunia luɣili kam.  Ban daa niŋdili daadaa ha shɛba n-nyɛ Phoenicians, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Han Chinese, ni Arabs.

&quot;Colonialism&quot; zaŋ kana ʒaamani haŋkali ni nyɛla din pili ni &quot;Age of Discovery&quot;, ka Portuguese be di tooni, ka daa yɛligi saha shƐli bɛ ni daa ŋme n deei&quot;conquest of Ceuta&quot;  nyaaŋ yuuni 1415, ka daa bɔri ni bɛ deei Strait of Gibraltar sulinsi, ka yɛligi Dolodolo adiini, ka nya ariziki tiɣi, ka filim Portuguese salo kalinli ni Barbary pirates ka di nyɛla bɛ yɛn niŋdili mi ni [[Slavery in Africa|African slave trade]]&lt;!-- not quite a viable cite, but see https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Cambridge_Modern_History_Volume_1.djvu/46 --&gt; – lala saha daabilim daa bi zoo&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first1=John |isbn=978-0-87951-397-9 |last1=Merson |location=Woodstock, New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/geniusthatwaschi0000mers/page/72 72] |postscript=A companion to the PBS Series ''The Genius That Was China'' |publisher=The Overlook Press |title=The Genius That Was China: East and West in the Making of the Modern World |url=https://archive.org/details/geniusthatwaschi0000mers |url-access=registration |year=1990}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Periodisation ==

[[File:Colonisation2.gif|400px|thumb|Colonial powers and their expansion since 1492.]]

Lahabali tiriba buɣisila &quot;European colonialism.&quot; balobu buta zuɣu&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite book
| last1 = Gilmartin
| first1 = Mary
| chapter = 9: Colonialism/imperialism
| editor1-last = Gallaher
| editor1-first = Carolyn
| editor1-link = Carolyn Gallaher
| editor2-last = Dahlman
| editor2-first = Carl T.
| editor3-last = Gilmartin
| editor3-first = Mary
| editor4-last = Mountz
| editor4-first = Alison
| editor5-last = Shirlow
| editor5-first = Peter
| title = Key Concepts in Political Geography
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XpBJclVnVdQC
| series = Key Concepts in Human Geography
| location = London
| publisher = SAGE
| date = 2009
| page = 115
| isbn = 9781446243541
| access-date = 2017-08-09
| quote = Commentators have identified three broad waves of European colonial and imperial expansion, connected with specific territories. The first targeted the Americas, North and South, as well as the Caribbean. The second focused on Asia, while the third wave extended European control into Africa.
}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

Tuuli tinsi ayi n daa nyɛ Portugal mini Spain.&lt;ref&gt;Thomas Benjamin, ed., ''Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism Since 1450'' (2006) 1: xiv–xvi.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gilmartin, et al. p. 115&lt;/ref&gt;

Spain mini Portugal ni daa nya nasara zaŋ chaŋ yɛligibu polo zuɣu daa che ka Britain nim zaɣa kpe din ni, France, ni Netherlands.&lt;ref&gt;Jonathan Hart, ''Representing the New World: the English and French uses of the Example of Spain'' (2001). pp 85–86.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gilmartin&quot;&gt;Gilmartin, M. (2009). Colonialism/Imperialism. In ''Key concepts in political geography''  London: SAGE pp. 115–123.&lt;/ref&gt;

&quot;European colonialism&quot; ni daa ti yɛn niŋ buyi ni Britain mini Asia daa tim nuu ni British East India Company sɔŋbu; tiŋ'shɛŋa kamani France, Portugal ni Netherlands gba daa mali nuu timbu  European yɛlibu Asia ni.&lt;ref&gt;Gilmartin, et al. p. 115&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Tonio Andrade]],  &quot;Beyond Guns, Germs, and Steel: European Expansion and Maritime Asia, 1400–1750.&quot; ''Journal of Early Modern History'' 14.1–2 (2010): 165–186.&lt;/ref&gt;

Di buta ni niŋbu ni n daa nyɛ  [[Scramble for Africa]] ka [[Berlin Conference]] of 1884–1885 zalisi daa tumdi tuma din ni. Laɣingu maa daa pirila Africa ti European yahinima. Africa yaɣa pama daa bela Britain, France, Germany, Portugal, Belgium, Italy ni Spain nuuni.&lt;ref&gt;George Shepperson,  &quot;The Centennial of the West African Conference of Berlin, 1884–1885.&quot; ''Phylon''  46.1 (1985): 37–48.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Peter J. Cain, and Anthony G. Hopkins, &quot;Gentlemanly capitalism and British expansion overseas II: New imperialism, 1850‐1945.&quot; ''Economic History Review'' 40.1 (1987): 1–26. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2596293 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308103419/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2596293 |date=8 March 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Colonialism in ancient times (3200 BC – 7th century AD)==&lt;!--I'm sure there are other examples outside of Europe--&gt;
{{Main article|Greek colonisation|Colonies in antiquity|Africa (Roman province)|Phoenician settlement of North Africa| Four Commanderies of Han|Sabaean colonization of Africa}}
{{Empty section|date=March 2025}}

==Portuguese and Spanish colonial hegemony: the Americas (15th century–1770)==

{{Main|Portuguese Empire|Portugal in the Age of Discovery|Spanish colonization of the Americas}}
[[File:Lázaro Luis 1563.jpg|thumb|A map with [[Elmina Castle]] (&quot;Mina&quot;), Ghana, one in a chain of about fifty fortified [[factory (trading post)|factories]] to enforce Portuguese trade rule along the coast, 1563.]]
[[File:Cortes builds brigantines in preparation for the Siege of Tenochtitlan.jpg|thumb|Preparations before the [[Fall of Tenochtitlan]], [[Codex Durán]].]]

==Colonialism within Europe (16th–20th century)==
{{Main article|History of Ireland|Sámi history| Danish overseas colonies#Europe|Crown Colony of Malta|History of Gibraltar|British Cyprus|Genoese colonies}}{{Expand section|date=March 2025}}

== Salo lahabaya tibu ==
{{Expand section|date=May 2024}}
Dietmar Rothermund ni wuhi shɛm, lahabali bi wuligi zaŋti salo Britain mini France lala niŋsim ŋɔ polo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Rothermund |first=Dietmar |date=2011 |title=The Self-consciousness of Post-imperial Nations: A cross-national Comparison |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45073035 |journal=India Quarterly |volume=67 |issue=1 |pages=1–18 |doi=10.1177/097492841006700101 |jstor=45073035 |issn=0974-9284}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Lihi pahi==
* Settler colonialism
* Analysis of Western European colonialism and colonization
* Western imperialism in Asia
* [[Historiography of the British Empire]]
* [[Neocolonialism]]
* [[American imperialism]]
* [[Soviet empire]]
* [[Zionism as settler colonialism]]

==Kundivihira==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* Benjamin, Thomas, ed. ''Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism Since 1450'' (3 vol 2006)
* Boxer, C.R. '' The Dutch Seaborne Empire: 1600–1800'' (1966)
* Boxer, Charles R. ''The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415–1825'' (1969)
* Brendon, Piers. &quot;A Moral Audit of the British Empire&quot;, ''History Today'' (October 2007), Vol. 57, Issue 10, pp.&amp;nbsp;44–47, online at [[EBSCO Information Services|EBSCO]]
* Brendon, Piers. ''The Decline and Fall of the British Empire, 1781–1997'' (2008), wide-ranging survey
* Ferro, Marc, ''Colonization: A Global History'' (1997)
* Gibbons, H.A. ''The New Map of Africa (1900–1916): A History of European Colonial Expansion and Colonial Diplomacy'' (1916) [https://archive.org/details/newmapafricaahi00gibbgoog/page/n11 online free]
* Hopkins, Anthony G., and Peter J. Cain. ''British Imperialism: 1688–2015''  (Routledge, 2016).
* Mackenzie, John, ed. ''The Encyclopedia of Empire'' (4 vol 2016)
* Maltby, William. ''The Rise and Fall of the Spanish Empire'' (2008).
* [[Merriman, Roger Bigelow]]. ''The rise of the Spanish Empire in the Old World and in the New'' (3 vol 1918) [https://archive.org/search.php?query=title%3A%28%22The%20Rise%20of%20the%20Spanish%20Empire%22%29 online free]
* Ness, Immanuel and Zak Cope, eds. ''The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism'' (2 vol, 2015), 1456pp
* Osterhammel, Jürgen: ''Colonialism: A Theoretical Overview'', (M. Wiener, 1997).
* Page, Melvin E. et al. eds. ''Colonialism: An International Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia'' (3 vol 2003)
* [[K. M. Panikkar|Panikkar, K. M.]]  ''Asia and Western dominance, 1498–1945'' (1953)
* Porter, Andrew N. ''European Imperialism, 1860–1914'' (Macmillan International Higher Education, 2016).
* Priestley, Herbert Ingram. ''France overseas: a study of modern imperialism'' (Routledge, 2018).
* Stern, Jacques. ''The French Colonies'' (1944) [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.183864 online], comprehensive history
* Thomas, Hugh. ''Rivers of Gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire'' (2010)
* Townsend, Mary Evelyn. ''European colonial expansion since 1871'' (1941).

===Primary sources===
* Melvin E. Page, ed. ''Colonialism: An International Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia'' (2003) vol 3 pp 833–1209 contains major documents.
* Bonnie G. Smith, ed. ''Imperialism: A History in Documents'' (2000) for middle and high schools

{{Colonial Empires}}
{{Colonization}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:History of Colonialism}}
[[Category:History of colonialism| ]]
[[Category:Western culture]]
[[Pubu:Lahabaya]]</text>
      <sha1>bg5fkd6fknah8yrn85157u6zd221yf5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>115066</id>
      <parentid>115065</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-10T09:49:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdul Rahman Abdul Kudus</username>
        <id>5829</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
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{{Short description|none}}
{{Redirect|European colonialism|evaluation of European colonialism|Analysis of Western European colonialism and colonization}}
{{Use American English|date = March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
[[File:Colonisation2.gif|thumb|400px|Extent of colonization by European, American, Ottoman, and Japanese powers, 1492–2007]]
[[File:Descolonización - Decolonization.png|thumb|right|475px|Map of the year each country achieved [[List of sovereign states by date of formation|independence]].]]
Colonization taarihi nyɛla binshɛɣu din gili dunia luɣili kam.  Ban daa niŋdili daadaa ha shɛba n-nyɛ Phoenicians, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Han Chinese, ni Arabs.

&quot;Colonialism&quot; zaŋ kana ʒaamani haŋkali ni nyɛla din pili ni &quot;Age of Discovery&quot;, ka Portuguese be di tooni, ka daa yɛligi saha shƐli bɛ ni daa ŋme n deei&quot;conquest of Ceuta&quot;  nyaaŋ yuuni 1415, ka daa bɔri ni bɛ deei Strait of Gibraltar sulinsi, ka yɛligi Dolodolo adiini, ka nya ariziki tiɣi, ka filim Portuguese salo kalinli ni Barbary pirates ka di nyɛla bɛ yɛn niŋdili mi ni [[Slavery in Africa|African slave trade]]&lt;!-- not quite a viable cite, but see https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Cambridge_Modern_History_Volume_1.djvu/46 --&gt; – lala saha daabilim daa bi zoo&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first1=John |isbn=978-0-87951-397-9 |last1=Merson |location=Woodstock, New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/geniusthatwaschi0000mers/page/72 72] |postscript=A companion to the PBS Series ''The Genius That Was China'' |publisher=The Overlook Press |title=The Genius That Was China: East and West in the Making of the Modern World |url=https://archive.org/details/geniusthatwaschi0000mers |url-access=registration |year=1990}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Periodisation ==

[[File:Colonisation2.gif|400px|thumb|Colonial powers and their expansion since 1492.]]

Lahabali tiriba buɣisila &quot;European colonialism.&quot; balobu buta zuɣu&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite book
| last1 = Gilmartin
| first1 = Mary
| chapter = 9: Colonialism/imperialism
| editor1-last = Gallaher
| editor1-first = Carolyn
| editor1-link = Carolyn Gallaher
| editor2-last = Dahlman
| editor2-first = Carl T.
| editor3-last = Gilmartin
| editor3-first = Mary
| editor4-last = Mountz
| editor4-first = Alison
| editor5-last = Shirlow
| editor5-first = Peter
| title = Key Concepts in Political Geography
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XpBJclVnVdQC
| series = Key Concepts in Human Geography
| location = London
| publisher = SAGE
| date = 2009
| page = 115
| isbn = 9781446243541
| access-date = 2017-08-09
| quote = Commentators have identified three broad waves of European colonial and imperial expansion, connected with specific territories. The first targeted the Americas, North and South, as well as the Caribbean. The second focused on Asia, while the third wave extended European control into Africa.
}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

Tuuli tinsi ayi n daa nyɛ Portugal mini Spain.&lt;ref&gt;Thomas Benjamin, ed., ''Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism Since 1450'' (2006) 1: xiv–xvi.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gilmartin, et al. p. 115&lt;/ref&gt;

Spain mini Portugal ni daa nya nasara zaŋ chaŋ yɛligibu polo zuɣu daa che ka Britain nim zaɣa kpe din ni, France, ni Netherlands.&lt;ref&gt;Jonathan Hart, ''Representing the New World: the English and French uses of the Example of Spain'' (2001). pp 85–86.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gilmartin&quot;&gt;Gilmartin, M. (2009). Colonialism/Imperialism. In ''Key concepts in political geography''  London: SAGE pp. 115–123.&lt;/ref&gt;

&quot;European colonialism&quot; ni daa ti yɛn niŋ buyi ni Britain mini Asia daa tim nuu ni British East India Company sɔŋbu; tiŋ'shɛŋa kamani France, Portugal ni Netherlands gba daa mali nuu timbu  European yɛlibu Asia ni.&lt;ref&gt;Gilmartin, et al. p. 115&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Tonio Andrade]],  &quot;Beyond Guns, Germs, and Steel: European Expansion and Maritime Asia, 1400–1750.&quot; ''Journal of Early Modern History'' 14.1–2 (2010): 165–186.&lt;/ref&gt;

Di buta ni niŋbu ni n daa nyɛ  [[Scramble for Africa]] ka [[Berlin Conference]] of 1884–1885 zalisi daa tumdi tuma din ni. Laɣingu maa daa pirila Africa ti European yahinima. Africa yaɣa pama daa bela Britain, France, Germany, Portugal, Belgium, Italy ni Spain nuuni.&lt;ref&gt;George Shepperson,  &quot;The Centennial of the West African Conference of Berlin, 1884–1885.&quot; ''Phylon''  46.1 (1985): 37–48.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Peter J. Cain, and Anthony G. Hopkins, &quot;Gentlemanly capitalism and British expansion overseas II: New imperialism, 1850‐1945.&quot; ''Economic History Review'' 40.1 (1987): 1–26. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2596293 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308103419/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2596293 |date=8 March 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Colonialism in ancient times (3200 BC – 7th century AD)==&lt;!--I'm sure there are other examples outside of Europe--&gt;
{{Main article|Greek colonisation|Colonies in antiquity|Africa (Roman province)|Phoenician settlement of North Africa| Four Commanderies of Han|Sabaean colonization of Africa}}
{{Empty section|date=March 2025}}

==Portuguese and Spanish colonial hegemony: the Americas (15th century–1770)==

{{Main|Portuguese Empire|Portugal in the Age of Discovery|Spanish colonization of the Americas}}
[[File:Lázaro Luis 1563.jpg|thumb|A map with [[Elmina Castle]] (&quot;Mina&quot;), Ghana, one in a chain of about fifty fortified [[factory (trading post)|factories]] to enforce Portuguese trade rule along the coast, 1563.]]
[[File:Cortes builds brigantines in preparation for the Siege of Tenochtitlan.jpg|thumb|Preparations before the [[Fall of Tenochtitlan]], [[Codex Durán]].]]

==Colonialism within Europe (16th–20th century)==
{{Main article|History of Ireland|Sámi history| Danish overseas colonies#Europe|Crown Colony of Malta|History of Gibraltar|British Cyprus|Genoese colonies}}{{Expand section|date=March 2025}}

== Salo lahabaya tibu ==
{{Expand section|date=May 2024}}
Dietmar Rothermund ni wuhi shɛm, lahabali bi wuligi zaŋti salo Britain mini France lala niŋsim ŋɔ polo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Rothermund |first=Dietmar |date=2011 |title=The Self-consciousness of Post-imperial Nations: A cross-national Comparison |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45073035 |journal=India Quarterly |volume=67 |issue=1 |pages=1–18 |doi=10.1177/097492841006700101 |jstor=45073035 |issn=0974-9284}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Lihi pahi==
* Settler colonialism
* Analysis of Western European colonialism and colonization
* Western imperialism in Asia
* Historiography of the British Empire
* Neocolonialism
* American imperialism
* Soviet empire
* Zionism as settler colonialism

==Kundivihira==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* Benjamin, Thomas, ed. ''Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism Since 1450'' (3 vol 2006)
* Boxer, C.R. '' The Dutch Seaborne Empire: 1600–1800'' (1966)
* Boxer, Charles R. ''The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415–1825'' (1969)
* Brendon, Piers. &quot;A Moral Audit of the British Empire&quot;, ''History Today'' (October 2007), Vol. 57, Issue 10, pp.&amp;nbsp;44–47, online at EBSCO
* Brendon, Piers. ''The Decline and Fall of the British Empire, 1781–1997'' (2008), wide-ranging survey
* Ferro, Marc, ''Colonization: A Global History'' (1997)
* Gibbons, H.A. ''The New Map of Africa (1900–1916): A History of European Colonial Expansion and Colonial Diplomacy'' (1916) [https://archive.org/details/newmapafricaahi00gibbgoog/page/n11 online free]
* Hopkins, Anthony G., and Peter J. Cain. ''British Imperialism: 1688–2015''  (Routledge, 2016).
* Mackenzie, John, ed. ''The Encyclopedia of Empire'' (4 vol 2016)
* Maltby, William. ''The Rise and Fall of the Spanish Empire'' (2008).
* Merriman, Roger Bigelow. ''The rise of the Spanish Empire in the Old World and in the New'' (3 vol 1918) [https://archive.org/search.php?query=title%3A%28%22The%20Rise%20of%20the%20Spanish%20Empire%22%29 online free]
* Ness, Immanuel and Zak Cope, eds. ''The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism'' (2 vol, 2015), 1456pp
* Osterhammel, Jürgen: ''Colonialism: A Theoretical Overview'', (M. Wiener, 1997).
* Page, Melvin E. et al. eds. ''Colonialism: An International Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia'' (3 vol 2003)
* Panikkar, K. M.  ''Asia and Western dominance, 1498–1945'' (1953)
* Porter, Andrew N. ''European Imperialism, 1860–1914'' (Macmillan International Higher Education, 2016).
* Priestley, Herbert Ingram. ''France overseas: a study of modern imperialism'' (Routledge, 2018).
* Stern, Jacques. ''The French Colonies'' (1944) [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.183864 online], comprehensive history
* Thomas, Hugh. ''Rivers of Gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire'' (2010)
* Townsend, Mary Evelyn. ''European colonial expansion since 1871'' (1941).

===Primary sources===
* Melvin E. Page, ed. ''Colonialism: An International Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia'' (2003) vol 3 pp 833–1209 contains major documents.
* Bonnie G. Smith, ed. ''Imperialism: A History in Documents'' (2000) for middle and high schools

{{Colonial Empires}}
{{Colonization}}

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      <text bytes="4827" sha1="sg0sds4kxt582sqwwleuknv8me2dq1l" xml:space="preserve">'''World Conference Against Racism''' ('''WCAR''') nyɛla gaŋbu din niŋdi dunia zaa, ka [[UNESCO]] n-su di yɛn niŋ ka ti taɣi shee bɔbu. Di yɛn niŋ shɛm nyɛla di tuhi gaŋbu niŋbu yɛltɔɣa mini di niŋbu. Bɛ daa niŋ la ʒi' gahindili anahi zuŋɔ, yuuni 1978, 1983, 2001, 2009 n-ti pahi 2021. Di pili la World War II mini The Holocaust nyaaŋa ka UNESCO daa pili liɣiri du zuɣusaa baŋdiba vihigu zaŋ chaŋ binkɔbiri ni bɛ ni be shɛm polo ni di yɛn dɛmdi niriba ka bɛ baŋ bɛ ni yɛn niŋ shɛm. Bɛ daa sabi la ''The Race Question'' yuuni 1950, ka baŋdiba daa dihi nuhi gbana ni di yɛn niŋ shɛm.

== 1978 ʒi' gahindili ==
Bɛ daa niŋ la World Conference Against Racism 1978 Geneva, Switzerland. Di daa nyɛla din yɛn niŋ shɛm ni di tuhi South Africa gaŋbu niŋbu yɛltɔɣa mini di niŋbu. Bɛ daa gaŋbu la Israel mini South Africa tuma, ka bɛ daa booni United Nations Security Council ni di zaŋ bɛ maŋa n-ti South Africa mini ban be southern Africa, ka bɛ daa gaŋbu South Africa gaŋbu niŋbu yɛltɔɣa mini di niŋbu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite report|date=1979|title=Report of the World Conference to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination|url=(link unavailable)|publisher=[[United Nations]]|pages=10-13, 20-21, 27, 30, 39, 41, 43, 45-46, 49, 55-56, 59, 62, 65, 69-71, 81-84, 87, 89, 90, 98-101, 104, 107, 110-112, 115, 118-122, 125, 127, 130|docket=A/CONF.92/40|access-date=April 28, 2023|archive-url=(link unavailable)|archive-date=April 28, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ daa lahi sabi la yɛltɔɣa din yɛn dɛmdi niriba ka bɛ baŋ bɛ ni yɛn niŋ shɛm, ka di daa nyɛ din yɛn niŋ shɛm ni di tuhi gaŋbu niŋbu yɛltɔɣa mini di niŋbu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=World Conference to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination 14-25 August 1978, Geneva|url=(link unavailable)|url-status=live|archive-url=(link unavailable)|archive-date=April 28, 2023|access-date=April 28, 2023|website=[[United Nations]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== 1983 ʒi' gahindili ==
Bɛ daa niŋ la World Conference Against Racism 1983 Geneva, Switzerland.

== 2001 ʒi' gahindili ==
Bɛ daa niŋ la ʒi' gahindili ŋɔ Durban, South Africa, silimiin goli August 31 hali ni silimiin goli September 8, 2001. Former Irish president Mary Robinson, ŋun daa nyɛ UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, daa nyɛ ŋun daa kpɛri kpɛɣu maa ni. Bɛ daa boli li &quot;World Conference Against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance&quot;. Bɛ daa yɛliya ni di mini zuliya shɛba niŋdi zuliya shɛba ka di nyɛla zuliya kpɛɣu niŋbu yɛltɔɣa. Bɛ daa yɛliya ni Israel mini Palestinians tuma nyɛla din be kpɛɣu maa ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wayback Machine|url=(link unavailable)|archive-url=(link unavailable)|archive-date=2025-03-11|access-date=2025-06-01|website=(link unavailable)}}&lt;/ref&gt; US mini Israel daa yi la kpɛɣu maa ni pirim la bɛ ni daa yɛli shɛm maa. Bɛ daa yɛliya ni bɛ ku saɣi ti yɛltɔɣa shɛŋa ban daa yɛli maa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2001-09-04|title=New racism declaration unveiled|work=CNN|url=(link unavailable)|access-date=29 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=4 September 2001|title=The Racism Walkout: The Overview; U.S. And Israelis Quit Racism Talks Over Denunciation|work=The New York Times|url=(link unavailable)|access-date=29 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== 2009 ʒi' gahindili ==
Bɛ daa niŋ la World Conference Against Racism 2009 Geneva, Switzerland. Canada, Israel, US, New Zealand, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Netherlands, Poland n-ti pahi Australia daa bi kpe kpɛɣu maa ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;(link unavailable)&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Whatley|first=Stuart|date=16 April 2009|title=Germany To Boycott Durban II Anti-Racism Conference|work=The Huffington Post|url=(link unavailable)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Sofer|first1=Roni|date=2009-03-05|title=Italy to boycott Durban 2|language=en|website=Ynetnews|url=(link unavailable)|access-date=2021-07-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sverige boykotter racismekonference|url=(link unavailable)|access-date=2025-06-01|website=Politiken - Den levende avis|language=da-DK}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ daa yɛliya ni Iran tiŋgbani zuɣulana Mahmoud Ahmadinejad yɛltɔɣa nyɛla din gaŋbu.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=20 April 2009|title=Walkout at Iran leader's speech|publisher=BBC|url=(link unavailable)|access-date=25 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== 2021 ʒi' gahindili ==
Silimiin goli September 2021, UN General Assembly daa niŋ la kpɛɣu ni bɛ ni yɛn niŋ shɛm zaŋ chaŋ zuliya kpɛɣu niŋbu yɛltɔɣa polo. Tiŋgbana pam daa bi kpe kpɛɣu maa ni.&lt;ref name=usnews&gt;{{cite news|url=(link unavailable) 1-09-22/us-backed-un-rights-council-resolution-on-combating-racism-faces-opposition|title=US-Backed UN Rights Council Resolution on Combating Racism Faces Opposition|work=US News &amp; World Report|date=22 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Kundivihira ==</text>
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'''World Conference Against Racism''' ('''WCAR''') nyɛla gaŋbu din niŋdi dunia zaa, ka [[UNESCO]] n-su di yɛn niŋ ka ti taɣi shee bɔbu. Di yɛn niŋ shɛm nyɛla di tuhi gaŋbu niŋbu yɛltɔɣa mini di niŋbu. Bɛ daa niŋ la ʒi' gahindili anahi zuŋɔ, yuuni 1978, 1983, 2001, 2009 n-ti pahi 2021. Di pili la World War II mini The Holocaust nyaaŋa ka UNESCO daa pili liɣiri du zuɣusaa baŋdiba vihigu zaŋ chaŋ binkɔbiri ni bɛ ni be shɛm polo ni di yɛn dɛmdi niriba ka bɛ baŋ bɛ ni yɛn niŋ shɛm. Bɛ daa sabi la ''The Race Question'' yuuni 1950, ka baŋdiba daa dihi nuhi gbana ni di yɛn niŋ shɛm.

== 1978 ʒi' gahindili ==
Bɛ daa niŋ la World Conference Against Racism 1978 Geneva, Switzerland. Di daa nyɛla din yɛn niŋ shɛm ni di tuhi South Africa gaŋbu niŋbu yɛltɔɣa mini di niŋbu. Bɛ daa gaŋbu la Israel mini South Africa tuma, ka bɛ daa booni United Nations Security Council ni di zaŋ bɛ maŋa n-ti South Africa mini ban be southern Africa, ka bɛ daa gaŋbu South Africa gaŋbu niŋbu yɛltɔɣa mini di niŋbu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite report|date=1979|title=Report of the World Conference to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination|url=(link unavailable)|publisher=[[United Nations]]|pages=10-13, 20-21, 27, 30, 39, 41, 43, 45-46, 49, 55-56, 59, 62, 65, 69-71, 81-84, 87, 89, 90, 98-101, 104, 107, 110-112, 115, 118-122, 125, 127, 130|docket=A/CONF.92/40|access-date=April 28, 2023|archive-url=(link unavailable)|archive-date=April 28, 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ daa lahi sabi la yɛltɔɣa din yɛn dɛmdi niriba ka bɛ baŋ bɛ ni yɛn niŋ shɛm, ka di daa nyɛ din yɛn niŋ shɛm ni di tuhi gaŋbu niŋbu yɛltɔɣa mini di niŋbu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=World Conference to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination 14-25 August 1978, Geneva|url=(link unavailable)|url-status=live|archive-url=(link unavailable)|archive-date=April 28, 2023|access-date=April 28, 2023|website=[[United Nations]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== 1983 ʒi' gahindili ==
Bɛ daa niŋ la World Conference Against Racism 1983 Geneva, Switzerland.

== 2001 ʒi' gahindili ==
Bɛ daa niŋ la ʒi' gahindili ŋɔ Durban, South Africa, silimiin goli August 31 hali ni silimiin goli September 8, 2001. Former Irish president Mary Robinson, ŋun daa nyɛ UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, daa nyɛ ŋun daa kpɛri kpɛɣu maa ni. Bɛ daa boli li &quot;World Conference Against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance&quot;. Bɛ daa yɛliya ni di mini zuliya shɛba niŋdi zuliya shɛba ka di nyɛla zuliya kpɛɣu niŋbu yɛltɔɣa. Bɛ daa yɛliya ni Israel mini Palestinians tuma nyɛla din be kpɛɣu maa ni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wayback Machine|url=(link unavailable)|archive-url=(link unavailable)|archive-date=2025-03-11|access-date=2025-06-01|website=(link unavailable)}}&lt;/ref&gt; US mini Israel daa yi la kpɛɣu maa ni pirim la bɛ ni daa yɛli shɛm maa. Bɛ daa yɛliya ni bɛ ku saɣi ti yɛltɔɣa shɛŋa ban daa yɛli maa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2001-09-04|title=New racism declaration unveiled|work=CNN|url=(link unavailable)|access-date=29 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=4 September 2001|title=The Racism Walkout: The Overview; U.S. And Israelis Quit Racism Talks Over Denunciation|work=The New York Times|url=(link unavailable)|access-date=29 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== 2009 ʒi' gahindili ==
Bɛ daa niŋ la World Conference Against Racism 2009 Geneva, Switzerland. Canada, Israel, US, New Zealand, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Netherlands, Poland n-ti pahi Australia daa bi kpe kpɛɣu maa ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;(link unavailable)&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Whatley|first=Stuart|date=16 April 2009|title=Germany To Boycott Durban II Anti-Racism Conference|work=The Huffington Post|url=(link unavailable)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Sofer|first1=Roni|date=2009-03-05|title=Italy to boycott Durban 2|language=en|website=Ynetnews|url=(link unavailable)|access-date=2021-07-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sverige boykotter racismekonference|url=(link unavailable)|access-date=2025-06-01|website=Politiken - Den levende avis|language=da-DK}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bɛ daa yɛliya ni Iran tiŋgbani zuɣulana Mahmoud Ahmadinejad yɛltɔɣa nyɛla din gaŋbu.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=20 April 2009|title=Walkout at Iran leader's speech|publisher=BBC|url=(link unavailable)|access-date=25 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== 2021 ʒi' gahindili ==
Silimiin goli September 2021, UN General Assembly daa niŋ la kpɛɣu ni bɛ ni yɛn niŋ shɛm zaŋ chaŋ zuliya kpɛɣu niŋbu yɛltɔɣa polo. Tiŋgbana pam daa bi kpe kpɛɣu maa ni.&lt;ref name=usnews&gt;{{cite news|url=(link unavailable) 1-09-22/us-backed-un-rights-council-resolution-on-combating-racism-faces-opposition|title=US-Backed UN Rights Council Resolution on Combating Racism Faces Opposition|work=US News &amp; World Report|date=22 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Kundivihira ==</text>
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