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pisaʁo|lang}}; 10 July 1830&nbsp;– 13 November 1903) o daa nyɛla Danish-French peenta-peenta ka bɛ daa dɔɣi o [[Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands|St Thomas]] (din pa nɔɛ [[US Virgin Islands]], amaa din saha bɛ daa na booni li la [[Danish West Indies]]). O bɔhim binyɛra kamani [[Gustave Courbet]] mini [[Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot]]. O daa ti lahi laɣim tum ka laɣim bɔhim ni [[Georges Seurat]] mini [[Paul Signac]] saha shɛli o ni daa nyɛ yuun pihinu ni anahi.<ref name=Rewald>{{cite book |last=Rewald |first=John |title=Camille Pissarro |publisher=Harry N. Abrams |year=1989 |isbn=9780810914995 }}</ref> [[File:Camille Pissarro - Paisaje tropical.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|''Landscape with Farmhouses and Palm Trees'', c. 1853. [[National Art Gallery (Caracas)|Galería de Arte Nacional, Caracas]]]] [[File:Deux femmes causant au bord de la mer, Saint Thomas (Camille Pissarro) – NGA 1985.64.30.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|''Two Women Chatting by the Sea'', [[Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands|St. Thomas]], 1856]] [[File:Camille Pissarro Jalais Hill, Pontoise The Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|''Jalais Hill, Pontoise'', 1867. [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]]] [[File:Camille Pissarro 012.jpg|thumb|left|''Entrée du village de [[:fr:Voisins (Louveciennes)|Voisins]]'', 1872. [[Musée d'Orsay]], Paris.]] [[File:Road to Versailles at Louveciennes 1869 Camille Pissarro.jpg|left|thumb|In 1869 Pissarro settled in [[Louveciennes]] and would often paint the road to Versailles in various seasons.<ref>{{cite web |publisher= [[Walters Art Museum]] |url= http://art.thewalters.org/detail/20599 |title= Road to Versailles}}</ref> [[Walters Art Museum]].]] : [[File:Camille Pissarro et sa femme Julie Vellay en 1877 à Pontoise.jpg|thumb|right|Camille Pissarro and his wife, Julie Vellay, 1877, [[Pontoise]]]] [[File:Bath Road, London by Camille Pissarro.jpg|thumb|''[[Bath Road, London]]'', 1897. [[Ashmolean Museum]], Oxford.]] <ref name="Muller">{{cite book |last1=Muller |first1=Melissa |first2=Monika |last2=Tatzkow |title=Lost Lives, Lost Art |publisher=Vendome Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-86565-263-7 }}</ref> [[File:Camille Pissarro - Rue Saint-Honoré, dans l'après-midi. Effet de pluie.jpg|thumb|left|''[[Rue Saint-Honoré, dans l'après-midi. Effet de pluie]]'', 1897, [[Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza]].]] <gallery widths="180px" heights="150px" perrow="6" caption="Boulevard Montmartre cityscape series"> File:Pissarro Camille - Boulevard Montmartre à Paris.jpg| ''Boulevard Montmartre à Paris'', 1897. [[Hermitage Museum]] File:Boulevard Montmartre- Mardi Gras (frameless).jpg|''Boulevard Montmartre: Mardi Gras'', 1897. [[Hammer Museum]] File:Camille Pissarro - Boulevard Montmartre, morning, cloudy weather - Google Art Project.jpg| ''Boulevard Montmartre, morning, cloudy weather'', 1897. [[National Gallery of Victoria]] File:The Boulevard Montmartre on a Winter Morning.JPG|''The Boulevard Montmartre on a Winter Morning'', 1897. [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] File:Camille Pissarro - Boulevard Montmartre, Spring - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Le Boulevard de Montmartre, Matinée de Printemps]]'', street view from hotel window, 1897 File:Camille Pissarro - Boulevard Montmartre at Night - c 1897 - National Gallery UK.jpg|''The Boulevard Montmartre at Night'', 1897. [[National Gallery]] </gallery> ==Peentibunima== {{main|List of paintings by Camille Pissarro}} <gallery widths="180px" heights="180px" perrow="4"> File:Camille Pissarro - A Plaza in Caracas.jpg|''A Plaza in [[Caracas]]'', c. 1850–52, oil on canvas. [[Colección Patricia Phelps de Cisneros]] File:Camille Pissarro - Allée dans une fôret (sur 1859).jpg|''Allée dans une forêt'' (Road in a Forest), 1859, oil on canvas, Private Collection File:Camille Pissarro - Le Labourage, Bérelles (PD 46).jpg|''Working at [[Bérelles]]'' (Le Labourage, Bérelles), c. 1860, oil on panel, Private Collection File:Camille Pissarro - Châtaigniers à Louveciennes - 1879.jpg|''Châtaignier à [[Louveciennes]]'', 1870. [[Musée d'Orsay]], Paris File:Camille Pissarro - Allée dans le parc de Marly.jpg|''The Woods at Marly'', 1871. [[Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum]], Madrid File:La Route.jpg|''The Road to Versailles, Louveciennes: Morning Frost'', 1871. [[Dallas Museum of Art]] File:Pissaro, Camille, Still Life Apples and Pears.jpg|''Still Life: Apples and Pears in a Round Basket'', 1872. [[Henry Pearlman|The Henry and Rose Pearlman Collection]], on long-term loan to the [[Princeton University Art Museum]] File:Camille Pissarro - Paul Cézanne.jpg|Camille Pissarro, ''Portrait of [[Paul Cézanne]]'', 1874. [[National Gallery]], London File:Camille Pissarro A Cowherd at Valhermeil, Auvers-sur-Oise The Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|''[[A Cowherd at Valhermeil, Auvers-sur-Oise]]'', 1874. [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York File:MuMA - Pissarro - Un carrefour à l'Hermitage, Pontoise.JPG|''Un Carrefour à l'Hermitage, [[Pontoise]]'', 1876. [[Musée Malraux]], Le Havre File:Camille Pissarro - Red roofs, corner of a village, winter - Google Art Project.jpg|''Toits rouges, coin d'un village, hiver'', Côte de Saint-Denis, [[Pontoise]], 1877. [[Musée d'Orsay]], Paris Image:Camille Pissarro - The Côte des Bœufs at L'Hermitage - National Gallery London.jpg|''The Côte des Bœufs at L'Hermitage'', 1877. [[National Gallery]], London Image:Camille Pissarro - Le Jardin de Maubuisson, Pontoise, la Mère Bellette.jpg|''The Garden of Pontoise'', 1877 File:Camille Pissarro Washerwoman, Study The Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|''Washerwoman, Study'', 1880. [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York File:Camille Pissarro - Conversation - Google Art Project.jpg|''Conversation'', c. 1881. [[National Museum of Western Art]], Tokyo File:The Harvest, Pontoise.jpg|''[[The Harvest, Pontoise]]'', 1881. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York File:Camille Pissarro - The Harvest - Google Art Project.jpg|''The Harvest'', 1882. [[Artizon Museum]], Tokyo File:CAMILLE PISSARRO (1830-1903) Le jardin de Maubuisson, Pontoise, la mère Bellette 21 7-16 x 25 7-8 in. (54.5 x 65.7cm).jpg| ''Le jardin de Maubuisson, Pontoise'', 1882 File:The Church at Eragny Pissarro.jpg|''The Church at Eragny'', 1884. [[Walters Art Museum]] File:Route Enneigée avec maison, environs d'Éragny by Camille Pissarro.jpg|''Route Enneigée avec maison, environs d'Éragny'', 1885 Image:Bergère rentrant des moutons.jpg| ''Shepherdess Bringing in Sheep (Bergère rentrant des moutons)'' 1886. [[University of Oklahoma]] File:Camille Pissarro 019.jpg|''Children on a Farm,'' 1887. Collection of G. Signac, Paris Image:Camille Pissarro 016.jpg|''Haying at [[Éragny-sur-Epte|Eragny]]'', 1889 File:Pissarro—Old Chelsea Bridge.jpg|''Old Chelsea Bridge, London'' 1890. [[Smith College]] Museum of Arts File:The Place du Havre, Paris.jpg|''Place du Havre'', Paris, 1893. [[Art Institute of Chicago]] File:Morning, An Overcast Day, Rouen MET DT1863.jpg|''[[Morning, An Overcast Day, Rouen]]'', 1896. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York File:14 oct 2014 theatre fr.jpg|''Place du Théâtre Français: Fog Effect'', 1897. [[Dallas Museum of Art]] File:Camille Pissarro 036.jpg|''Rouen, Rue de l'Épicerie'', 1898 File:Camille Pissarro, The Garden of the Tuileries on a Winter Afternoon, 1899.jpg|''[[The Garden of the Tuileries on a Winter Afternoon (Pissarro)|The Garden of the Tuileries on a Winter Afternoon]]'', 1899, Metropolitan Museum of Art File:Camille Pissarro - La Place due Théâtre Français - Google Art Project.jpg| ''La Place du Théâtre Français'', 1898. [[LACMA]], Los Angeles File:Camille Pissarro (1830-1903) - 'View of Rouen', 1898.jpg|''View of Rouen'', 1898. [[Honolulu Museum of Art]] File:WLA_metmuseum_Camille_Pissarro_French.jpg|''The Garden of the Tuileries on a Spring Morning'', 1899. [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York File:Camille Pissarro (1830-1903) - 'Morning, Winter Sunshine, Frost, the Pont-Neuf, the Seine, the Louvre, Soleil D'hiver Gella Blanc', ca. 1901.jpg|''Morning, Winter Sunshine, Frost, the Pont-Neuf, the Seine, the Louvre, Soleil D'hiver Gella Blanc'', c. 1901. [[Honolulu Museum of Art]] File:Pissarro havre.jpg|''Ship entering the Harbor at Le Havre'', 1903. [[Dallas Museum of Art]] File:Camille Pissarro - The Fish Market in Dieppe, Grey Weather, Morning - 1902 - Dallas Museum of Art.jpg|''The Fish Market, Dieppe: Grey Weather, Morning'', c 1902. [[Dallas Museum of Art]] </gallery> ==Duraanyibu mini pirintibu== <gallery widths="180px" heights="180px" perrow="4"> File:Camille Pissarro - La Guaira.jpg|''La Guaira'', 1852–54, graphite and ink on paper File:Camille Pissarro - View from Upper Norwood.jpg|''View from [[Upper Norwood]]'', c. 1870, pen and brown ink over pencil on paper. [[Ashmolean Museum]] File:LES POMMIERS, PONTOISE.PNG|''Apple Trees at Pontoise'', c. 1872, pastel on paper File:Piette by Pissarro.jpg|''Portrait of [[Ludovic Piette]]'', c. 1875, pastel on paper. [[Wildenstein Institute]] File:The Woods at L'Hermitage, Pontoise MET DP108213.jpg|''The Woods at L'Hermitage, Pontoise'', 1879, softground etching, aquatint, and drypoint on china paper (sixth state). [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] File:Camille Pissarro - Boulevard de Rochechouart, 1880. Pastel, Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute.jpg|''Boulevard de Rochechouart'', 1880, pastel on beige wove paper File:Camille Pissarro - Paysage a Osny - Google Art Project.jpg|''Landscape in [[Osny]]'', 1887, etching on Holland paper. [[Museum of Fine Arts, Houston]] File:Camille Pissarro-Faneuses d'Eragny.jpg|''Tedders of Eragny'' (Faneuses d'Eragny), 1897, etching, aquatint and dry-point on paper. [[Strasbourg Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art]] File:Paysanne Nouant son Foulard by Camille Pissarro.jpg|''Paysanne Nouant son Foulard'', 1882, pastel on paper </gallery> ==Peentibunima yuya== *''[[The Banks of the Oise near Pontoise]]'' 1873, [[Indianapolis Museum of Art]] *''[[Pont Boieldieu in Rouen, Rainy Weather]]'', 1896, [[Art Gallery of Ontario]] *''[[Steamboats in the Port of Rouen]]'', 1896, Metropolitan Museum of Art *''[[Le Boulevard de Montmartre, Matinée de Printemps]]'', view from window, 1897, private collection * ''[[Bath Road, London]]'', 1897, [[Ashmolean Museum]] * ''[[Hay Harvest at Éragny]]'', 1901, [[National Gallery of Canada]] *''[[Self-portrait]]'', 1903, Tate Gallery, London <!-- * ''[[The Côte des Bœufs at L'Hermitage]]'', [[National Gallery, London]] --> == Lihi pahi == * [[Jewish culture]] * [[List of claims for restitution for Nazi-looted art]] ==Kundivihira== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Bibliography== * Rewald, John, ed., with the assistance of Lucien Pissarro: ''Camille Pissarro, Lettres à son fils Lucien'', Editions Albin Michel, Paris 1950; previously published, translated to English: ''Camille Pissarro, Letters to his son Lucien'', New York 1943 & London 1944; 3rd revised edition, Paul P Appel Publishers, 1972 {{ISBN|0-911858-22-9}} * Bailly-Herzberg, Janine, ed.: ''{{lang|fr|Correspondance de Camille Pissarro}}'', 5 volumes, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, 1980 & Editions du Valhermeil, Paris, 1986–1991 {{ISBN|2-13-036694-5}} – {{ISBN|2-905684-05-4}} – {{ISBN|2-905684-09-7}} – {{ISBN|2-905684-17-8}} – {{ISBN|2-905684-35-6}} * DeLue, Rachael Ziady. “Pissarro, Landscape, Vision, and Tradition.” ''The Art Bulletin'', vol. 80, no. 4, Dec. 1998, p. 718, https://doi.org/10.2307/3051320. * Herbert, Robert L. “Artists and Anarchism: Unpublished Letters of Pissarro, Signac and Others - II.” The Burlington Magazine, vol. 102, no. 693, 1960, pp. 517–22. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/873160. * Hubert van den Berg. “Pissarro and Anarchism.” History Workshop, no. 32, 1991, pp. 226–28. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4289126. *{{cite book | last = Mathews | first = Nancy Mowll | author-link = Nancy Mowll Mathews | title = Mary Cassatt: A Life | url = {{Google books|EtXCGXMSE9oC|title= Mary Cassatt: A Life|plainurl= yes}} | publisher = [[Villard (imprint)|Villard Books]] | location = New York | year = 1994 | isbn= 978-0-394-58497-3 | lccn = 98-8028 }} *Thomson, Richard. “Camille Pissarro’s “Turpitudes Sociales” Revisited, Part I: Politics, Caricature and Family Tensions in 1889.” The Burlington Magazine, vol. 142, no. 1169, 2000, pp. i–478, https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/43858729.pdf. * Thorold, Anne, ed.: ''The letters of Lucien to Camille Pissarro 1883–1903'', Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York & Oakleigh, 1993 {{ISBN|0-521-39034-6}} == Further reading == * {{cite news |last1=Baker |first1=Kenneth |title=Pissarro in Perspective |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_boston-phoenix_1981-06-30_10_26/page/n73/mode/1up |access-date=6 April 2024 |work=The Boston Phoenix |date=30 June 1981}} * {{cite news |last1=Carlson |first1=Michael |title=The Painter's Painter: Pissarro Joins Impressionism's Pantheon |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_boston-phoenix_1981-05-12_10_19/page/n60/mode/1up |access-date=16 March 2024 |work=The Boston Phoenix |date=12 May 1981}} * Clement, Russell T. and Houze, Annick, '' Neo-Impressionist Painters: A Sourcebook on Georges Seurat, Camille Pissarro, Paul Signac, Théo van Rysselberghe, Henri-Edmond Cross, Charles Angrand, Maximilien Luce, and Albert Dubois-Pillet'' (1999), Greenwood Press {{ISBN|0-313-30382-7}} * [[Lorenz Eitner|Eitner, Lorenz]], ''An Outline of 19th Century European Painting: From David through Cézanne'' (1992), HarperCollins Publishers, {{ISBN|0-06-430223-7}} * [[Adam Gopnik|Gopnik, Adam]], [https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2024/01/01/camille-pissarro-the-audacity-of-impressionism-anka-muhlstein-book-review "Winter Sun: How Camille Pissarro Went from Mediocrity to Magnificence"], ''[[The New Yorker]]'', 1 & 8 January 2024, pp. 53–57. * [[Christopher Lloyd (art historian)|Lloyd, Christopher]] (1981). ''Camille Pissarro''. Skira Rizzoli. * [[Linda Nochlin|Nochlin, Linda]], ''The Politics of Vision: Essays on Nineteenth-Century Art and Society'' (1991). Westview Press, {{ISBN|0-06-430187-7}} * [[Anka Muhlstein|Muhlstein, Anka]], ''Camille Pissarro: The Audacity of Impressionism'' (2023). New York: Other Press {{ISBN|978-1635421705}} (Translation by [[Adriana Hunter]] of ''Camille Pissarro: Le Premier Impressionniste'' (2024). Paris: Plon {{ISBN|9782259319607}}) * {{cite book |title=Pissarro: Critical Catalogue of Paintings |first1=Joachim |last1=Pissarro |first2=Claire Durand-Ruel |last2=Snollaerts |publisher=Skira/Wildenstein |year=2006 |isbn=88-7624-525-1}} * [[John Rewald|Rewald, John]], ''The History of Impressionism'' (1961), Museum of Modern Art {{ISBN|0-8109-6035-4}} * [[Irving Stone|Stone, Irving]], ''Depths of Glory: A Biographical Novel of Camille Pissarro'' (1985). Doubleday {{ISBN|0385120656}} * Tabarant, Adolphe, ''Pissarro'' (1925), John Lane the Bodley Head Ltd., translated by J. Lewis May ==External links== {{Commons category|Camille Pissarro}} {{wikiquote}} {{Wikisource1911Enc|Pissarro, Camille}} *[http://www.shapell.org/manuscript.aspx?camille-pissarro-protests-dreyfus-affair-conviction Camille Pissarro Protests Alfred Dreyfus' Conviction: Original Letter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620234733/http://www.shapell.org/manuscript.aspx?camille-pissarro-protests-dreyfus-affair-conviction |date=20 June 2014 }} Shapell Manuscript Foundation * [http://img.groundspeak.com/waymarking/0bddb4a7-c023-40f9-8066-328e59cac492.jpg Photograph of Pissarro's mausoleum at Cimetière Père Lachaise, Paris] ([[JPG]]) * [http://www.clarkart.edu/exhibitions/pissarro/content/exhibition.cfm ''Pissarro's People'', exhibition held at the Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, Williamstown MA, 12 June – 2 October 2011] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923204629/http://www.clarkart.edu/exhibitions/pissarro/content/exhibition.cfm |date=23 September 2015 }} * [http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=camille+pissarro&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500001924 Union List of Artist Names, Getty Vocabularies.] ULAN Full Record Display for Camille Pissarro. Getty Vocabulary Program, Getty Research Institute. Los Angeles, California. * {{Art UK bio|addtext=: works in public British collections}} * [http://www.muma-lehavre.fr/en/exhibitions/pissarro-dans-les-ports Exhibition Pissarro dans les ports, 2013, Museum of modern art André Malraux – MuMa] * [http://www.shapell.org/Collection/Jewish-Figures/Pissarro-Camille Camille Pissarro Personal Manuscripts] * [http://thejewishmuseum.org/exhibitions/camille-pissarro-impressions-of-city-and-country Camille Pissarro at The Jewish Museum] * [https://publications.artic.edu/pissarro/reader/paintingsandpaper/section/8 ''Pissarro Paintings and Works on Paper at the Art Institute of Chicago''], one of the Art Institute of Chicago's [http://www.artic.edu/collections/books/online-scholarly-catalogues digital scholarly catalogues] *Jennifer A. Thompson, "[https://doi.org/10.29075/9780876332764/101742/1 ''L’île Lacroix, Rouen (The Effect of Fog)'' by Camille Pissarro (cat. 1060)]," in ''[https://doi.org/10.29075/9780876332764/1 The John G. Johnson Collection: A History and Selected Works]'', a Philadelphia Museum of Art free digital publication * [https://www.benuricollection.org.uk/intermediate.php?artistid=124 An artwork by Camille Pissarro] at the [https://benuri.org/ Ben Uri] site * [https://www.ashmolean.org/pissarro Pissarro: Father of Impressionism] Exhibition at [[Ashmolean Museum]], Oxford, 18 February - 12 June, 2022. {{Camille Pissarro}} {{Impressionism|state=expanded}} {{Authority control (arts)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pissarro, Camille}} [[Category:Camille Pissarro| ]] [[Category:1830 births]] [[Category:1903 deaths]] [[Category:19th-century Danish painters]] [[Category:19th-century Danish male artists]] [[Category:20th-century Danish painters]] [[Category:20th-century Danish male artists]] [[Category:19th-century French painters]] [[Category:19th-century French male artists]] [[Category:20th-century French painters]] [[Category:20th-century French male artists]] [[Category:Danish male painters]] [[Category:French male painters]] [[Category:People from the Danish West Indies]] [[Category:People from Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands]] [[Category:Danish Sephardi Jews]] [[Category:French expatriates in England]] [[Category:French Impressionist painters]] [[Category:19th-century French Sephardi Jews]] [[Category:Jewish painters]] [[Category:École des Beaux-Arts alumni]] [[Category:School of Paris]] [[Category:Jewish School of Paris]] [[Category:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery]] [[Category:French people of Portuguese-Jewish descent]] [[Category:French people of Creole descent]] [[Category:Danish people of French descent]] [[Category:Danish people of Portuguese-Jewish descent]] [[Category:United States Virgin Islands Jews]] cpbxrejs5xpk75jf47eb8nbq9ar2u0a 0 32085 116193 115958 2025-06-24T17:03:32Z CommonsDelinker 128 Replacing Flag_of_Peru_(1821-1822).svg with [[File:Flag_of_Peru_(1821–1822).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR6|Criterion 6]]). 116193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{short description|none}} [[File:Biard Abolition de l'esclavage 1849.jpg|250px|thumb|upright=1.6|''[[Proclamation of the Abolition of Slavery in the French Colonies, 27 April 1848]]'', 1849, by [[François-Auguste Biard|François Auguste Biard]], [[Palace of Versailles]]]] {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}} '''Abolition of slavery''' bɛ ni saha yinsi tiŋgbana sunsuuni. Di tooi zooya ka di niŋdi m-doli taba gari yim zuɣu – kamani shɛhira, kamani daba daabiligu karibu tiŋgbani shɛli ni, ni dab'tali karibu tiŋgbana zaa ni. Di zaa daa malila di ni niŋ shɛm mini zalisi din gbubi li.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalslaveryindex.org/2018/data/maps/#prevalence|title = Maps &#124; Global Slavery Index}}</ref><!--references for this sentence are found at the bottom of the article--> ==Daadaa saha== ==Medieval times== {{main|Slavery in medieval Europe}} :''N.B.: Many of the listed reforms were reversed over succeeding centuries.'' {| class=wikitable |- ! Date ! Jurisdiction ! Description |- | 590–604 || {{flag|Rome}} || [[Pope Gregory I]] mɔŋla [[Jew]]s ka bɛ ku tooi gbubi daba ban be Dolodolo Adiini ni.<ref>[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13798-slave-trade Isidore Singer, Joseph Jacobs: SLAVE-TRADE] ''jewishencyclopedia.com'', accessed 30 August 2019</ref> |- | 7th century || [[Francia]] || Queen [[Balthild]], dab'kurili mini Council of [[Chalon-sur-Saône]] (644–655) daa chɔɣim Christians ban nyɛ daba gbahibu. Balthild tooi darila daba [[Saxon people|Saxon]], mini manumits (frees).<ref>Paul Fouracre, Richard A. Gerberding (1996), Late Merovingian France: History and Hagiography, 640–720, Manchester University Press, {{ISBN|0-7190-4791-9}}, p. 97–99 & 111.</ref> |- | 741–752 || {{flag|Rome}} || [[Pope Zachary]] bans the sale of Christian slaves to Muslims, purchases all slaves acquired in the city by [[Venetian slave trade]]rs, and sets them free. |- | 840 || [[File:Triquetra-Cross.svg|23px]] [[Carolingian Empire]]<br />{{Flag|Republic of Venice|name=Venice}}||''[[Pactum Lotharii]]'': Venice pledges to neither buy Christian slaves in the Empire, nor sell them to Muslims. [[Venetian slave trade]]rs switch to trading [[Slav]]s from the East ([[Balkan slave trade]]). |- | 873 || [[Christendom]] || [[Pope John VIII]] declares the enslavement of fellow Christians a [[sin]] and commands their release.<ref>{{Cite book |author-link= Heinrich Denzinger |last= Denzinger |first=Heinrich P. |title= Compendium of Creeds, Definitions, and Declarations on Matters of Faith and Morals |publisher= Ignatius Press |location=Santa Francisco, California |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-89870-746-5 |page=229}}</ref> |- | ~900 || [[Byzantine Empire]] || Emperor [[Leo VI the Wise]] prohibits voluntary self-enslavement and commands that such contracts shall be null and void and punishable by flagellation for both parties to the contract.<ref>Novel 59 of Leo VI the Wise, D. Karampelas (ed.), Legal History Resources, Patakis Publishers, 2008 [Δ. Καράμπελας (επιμ.), Πηγές Ιστορίας του Δικαίου, Εκδόσεις Πατάκη, 2008], p. 68-69</ref> |- |956 |[[Goryeo|Goryeo Dynasty (Korea)]] |Slaves were freed on a large scale in 956 by the Goryeo dynasty.<ref>Junius P. Rodriguez (1 January 1997). ''The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery''. ABC-CLIO. pp. 392–393. {{ISBN|978-0-87436-885-7}}.</ref> [[Gwangjong of Goryeo]] proclaimed the ''Slave and Land Act (노비안검법, 奴婢按檢法)'', an act that "deprived nobles of much of their manpower in the form of slaves and purged the old nobility, the meritorious subjects and their offspring and military lineages in great numbers".<ref>Breuker, Remco E. ''Establishing a Pluralist Society in Medieval Korea, 918–1170: History, Ideology and Identity in the Koryŏ Dynasty''. BRILL. p. 150. {{ISBN|978-90-04-18325-4}}.</ref> |- | 960 ||{{Flag|Republic of Venice|name=Venice}}|| Slave trade banned in the city under the rule of [[Doge of Venice|Doge]] [[Pietro IV Candiano]] (Council of Venice). |- | 1080 ||{{Flagicon image|Flag of Normandie.svg}} [[Norman England]] ||[[William the Conqueror]] prohibits the sale of any person to "heathens" (non-Christians) as slaves. |- | 1100 ||{{Flagicon image|Flag of Normandie.svg}} [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]]|| Serfdom no longer present.<ref>Sept essais sur des Aspects de la société et de l'économie dans la Normandie médiévale (Xe – XIIIe siècles) Lucien Musset, Jean-Michel Bouvris, Véronique Gazeau -Cahier des Annales de Normandie- 1988, Volume 22, Issue 22, pp. 3–140</ref> |- | 1102 ||{{Flagicon image|Flag of Normandie.svg}} [[Norman England]]|| The [[Council of London]] bans the slave trade: "Let no one dare hereafter to engage in the infamous business, prevalent in England, of selling men like animals."<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Pijper |first1= Frederik |year= 1909 |title= The Christian Church and Slavery in the Middle Ages |journal= [[The American Historical Review]] |publisher= [[American Historical Association]] |volume= 14 |issue= 4 |pages= 681 |jstor= 1837055 | doi = 10.1086/ahr/14.4.675 }}</ref><ref name="sourcebooks.fordham.edu">{{Cite web|url=https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/1171latrsale.asp|title=Internet History Sourcebooks Project|website=sourcebooks.fordham.edu}}</ref> |- | c. 1160 ||{{Flagicon image|Raven Banner.svg}} [[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Norway]]|| The [[Gulating]] bans the sale of house slaves out of the country.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}} |- | 1171 ||{{Flag|Lordship of Ireland|name=Ireland}}|| All English slaves in the island freed by the Council of [[Armagh]].<ref name="sourcebooks.fordham.edu"/> |- | 1198 ||{{Flagicon image|Flag of France (XII-XIII).svg}} [[France in the Middle Ages|France]]||[[Trinitarian Order]] founded with the purpose of redeeming war captives. |- | 1214 || [[Korčula]] || The Statute of the Town abolishes slavery.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.korculainfo.com/history/statute-korcula-town-1214.html |title=Statute of Korcula from 1214 – Large Print |publisher=Korculainfo.com |access-date=2013-08-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130316043710/http://www.korculainfo.com/history/statute-korcula-town-1214.html |archive-date=16 March 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2019-09-12 |title=The Statute of the town and island of Korčula from 1214 |url=https://korcula.net/statute-island-korcula/ |access-date=2023-06-27 |website=Korcula.net |language=en}}</ref>{{better source needed|reason=This is wrong – korčula abolished slavery in statute written in first half of 15. Century (Antun Cvitanić: statut grada i otoka korčule. 2002 Korčula. Str. 160.)|date=February 2023}} |- | 1218 || {{flagicon|Catalonia}} [[Crown of Aragon|Aragon]] || [[Mercedarians]] founded in [[Barcelona]] with the purpose of ransoming poor Christians enslaved by Muslims. |- | ~1220 ||{{Flagicon image|War flag of the Holy Roman Empire (1200-1350).svg}} [[Holy Roman Empire]]|| The [[Sachsenspiegel]], the most influential German code of law from the [[Middle Ages]], condemns slavery as a violation of man's likeness to God.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ewJDxG4cCeMC&q=sachsenspiegel+slavery+serfs&pg=PA33 |title=Hans A. Frambach in Jürgen Georg Backhaus: "The Liberation of the Serfs" |page=33 |date=2012-05-31 |access-date=2013-08-28|isbn=9781461400851 |last1=Backhaus |first1=Jürgen |publisher=Springer }}</ref> |- | 1245 || {{flagicon|Catalonia}} [[Crown of Aragon|Aragon]]||[[James I of Aragon|James I]] bans Jews from owning Christian slaves, but allows them to own Muslims and [[pagan]]s.<ref>Roth, Norman (1994). ''Jews, Visigoths & Muslims in Medieval Spain: Cooperation and Conflict.'' Leiden: Brill. pp. 160–161.</ref> |- | 1256 || {{flag|Bologna}} || [[Liber Paradisus]] promulgated. Slavery and serfdom abolished, all serfs in the [[Medieval commune|commune]] are released. |- | 1315 || [[File:Flag of France (XII-XIII).svg|23px]] [[France in the Middle Ages|France]]||[[Louis X of France|Louis X]] publishes a decree abolishing [[slavery]] and proclaiming that "France signifies freedom", that any slave setting foot on French ground should be freed.<ref>{{cite book|last=Miller |first=Christopher L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=480BBURkreYC&pg=PA122 |title=The French Atlantic triangle: literature and culture of the slave trade |page=20 |date= 11 January 2008|publisher=Duke University Press |access-date=2013-08-28|isbn=978-0822341512 }}</ref> However some limited cases of slavery continued until the 17th century in some of France's Mediterranean harbours in [[Provence]], as well as until the 18th century in some of [[Overseas France|France's overseas territories]].<ref name=EltisBradley2011 /> Most aspects of serfdom are also eliminated de facto between 1315 and 1318.<ref name="encyclopedia1">{{cite web|url=http://www.1902encyclopedia.com/S/SLA/slavery-12.html|title=Disappearance of Serfdom. France. England. Italy. Germany. Spain.|website=1902encyclopedia.com|access-date=21 March 2018}}</ref> |- |1318 |[[File:Flag of France (XII-XIII).svg|23px]] [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] |King [[Philip V of France|Philip V]] abolishes serfdom in his [[Crown lands of France|domain]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=PITTORESQUE|first=LA FRANCE|date=2018-01-23|title=23 janvier 1318 : le roi Philippe V affranchit les serfs de ses domaines|url=https://www.france-pittoresque.com/spip.php?article316|access-date=2021-03-20|website=La France pittoresque. Histoire de France, Patrimoine, Tourisme, Gastronomie|language=fr-FR}}</ref> |- | 1335 || [[File:Royal_Banner_of_Sweden_(14th_Century).svg|23px]] [[History of Sweden (800–1521)|Sweden]] || Slavery abolished (including Sweden's territory in [[Finland]]). However, slaves are not banned entry into the country until 1813.<ref>{{cite book |title=Police and public order in Europe |author1=John Roach |author2=Jürgen Thomaneck |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-7099-2242-1 |page=256 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GJsOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA256 }}</ref> Between 1784 and 1847, slavery was practiced in the Swedish-ruled Caribbean island of [[Saint Barthélemy]]. Sweden never practiced serfdom, except in a few territories it later acquired which were ruled under a local legal code. |- | 1347 ||{{Flagicon image|Alex K Kingdom of Poland-flag.svg}} [[Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)|Poland]]|| The [[Statutes of Casimir the Great]] issued in [[Wiślica]] emancipate all non-free people.<ref>{{cite book|author=Samuel Augustus Mitchell|title=A general view of the world: comprising a physical, political, and statistical account of its grand divisions ... with their empires, kingdoms, republics, principalities, &c.: exhibiting the history of geographical science and the progress of discovery to the present time ... Illustrated by upwards of nine hundred engravings ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D81JAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA335|access-date=1 April 2012|year=1859|publisher=H. Cowperthwait & Co.|page=335}}</ref> |- | 1368 || [[File:Ming dynasty (Chinese characters).svg|23px]] [[Ming Dynasty]] || [[Emperor Hongwu]] abolished most forms of slavery,<ref name="Greenwood Publishing Group">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaanti00hink|title=Encyclopedia of Antislavery and Abolition|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2011|isbn=9780313331435|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaanti00hink/page/n203 155]|url-access=limited}}</ref> limiting even the highest ranks of household to less than 20 household slaves. Later in the dynasty saw a resurgence of [[debt servitude]], primarily in the south, as a result of population growth against the dearth of arable lands, often taking euphemisms like "adoption" to circumvent its still outlawed status.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wap.cnki.net/touch/web/Journal/Article/SDZS198804016.html|title=明代的义男买卖与雇工人}}</ref> |- | 1416 || {{flag|Ragusa}} || Slavery and slave trade abolished. |- |1423 |{{Flagicon image|Alex K Kingdom of Poland-flag.svg}} [[Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)|Poland]] |King orders to free all [[Christians|Christian]] slaves.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mizerski|first=Witold|title=Tablice historyczne|publisher=adamantan|year=2013|isbn=978-83-7350-246-8|location=Warsaw|pages=113|language=Polish}}</ref> |- | 1435 ||{{Flagicon image|Royal banner of Jean de Béthencourt.svg}} [[Kingdom of the Canary Islands|Canary Islands]]||[[Pope Eugene IV]]'s [[Sicut Dudum]] bans enslavement of baptised Christians, "or those freely seeking baptism" in the Canary Islands on pain of excommunication.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Eugene04/eugene04sicut.htm|title=Sicut Dudum Pope Eugene IV – January 13, 1435 – Papal Encyclicals|date=13 January 1435|website=papalencyclicals.net|access-date=21 March 2018}}</ref> |- | 1477 || {{flagicon|Crown of Castile}} [[Crown of Castile|Castile]] || [[Isabella I of Castile|Isabella I]] bans slavery in newly conquered territories.<ref name="Sanchez Galera">Sánchez Galera, Juan y Sánchez Galera, José María. Vamos a contar mentiras. Madrid, México, Buenos Aires, San Juan, Santiago, Miami. Edaf, 2012</ref> |- | 1480 || [[File:ArmorialsegarXIII.jpg|23px]] [[Kingdom of Galicia|Galicia]] || Remnant serfdom abolished by the [[Catholic Monarchs]].<ref>Payne, Stanley G. (1973) ''A History of Spain and Portugal''. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.</ref> |- | 1486 || {{flagicon|Crown of Aragon}} [[Crown of Aragon|Aragon]] || [[Ferdinand II of Aragon|Ferdinand II]] promulgates the [[:es:Sentencia arbitral de Guadalupe|Sentence of Guadalupe]], abolishing [[Carolingian]]-remnant serfdom (''remença'') in [[Old Catalonia]]. |- | 1490 || rowspan="2" | {{flagicon|Crown of Castile}} [[Crown of Castile|Castile]] || After a long court case, the Catholic Monarchs order that all [[La Gomera]] natives enslaved in the aftermath of the 1488 rebellion must be freed and returned to the island at [[Conquistador]] Pedro de Vera's expense. De Vera is also relieved from his post as Governor of [[Gran Canaria]] in 1491.<ref>Trujillo Cabrera, J. (2007) ''Episodios Gomeros del siglo XV''. Ed. IDEA, 359 pages.</ref> |- | 1493 || Queen Isabella bans the enslavement of [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]]s unless they are hostile or [[Human cannibalism|cannibal]]istic.<ref name="Sanchez Galera"/> Native Americans are ruled to be subjects of the Crown. [[Christopher Columbus|Columbus]] is preempted from selling Indian captives in [[Seville]] and those already sold are tracked, purchased from their buyers and released. |} ==1500–1700== {| class=wikitable |- ! Date ! Jurisdiction ! Description |- | 1503 || rowspan="2" | {{flagicon|Crown of Castile}} [[Crown of Castile|Castile]] || Native Americans allowed to travel to Spain only on their own free will.<ref>Mira Caballos, Esteban (1997). "El envío de indios americanos a la península Ibérica: aspectos legales (1492–1542)". Studia Historica, Historia Moderna (20): 201–215.</ref> |- | 1512 || The [[Laws of Burgos]] establish limits to the treatment of natives in the [[Encomienda]] system. |- | 1518 || rowspan="4" | {{flagicon|Spanish Empire}} [[Habsburg Spain|Spain]] || Decree of [[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] establishing the importation of African slaves to the Americas, [[Asiento|under monopoly]] of [[Laurent de Gouvenot]], in an attempt to discourage enslavement of Native Americans. |- | 1528 || Charles V forbids the transportation of Native Americans to Europe, even on their own will, in an effort to curtail their enslavement. [[Encomienda]]s are banned from collecting tribute in gold with the reasoning that Natives were selling their children to get it.<ref>Piqueras, J.A. (2020) ''La esclavitud en las Españas''. Los Libros de la Catarata, 258 pages.</ref> |- | 1530 || Outright slavery of Native Americans under any circumstance is banned under the [[New Laws|New laws.]] |- | 1536 || The [[Welser]] family is dispossessed of the [[Asiento]] monopoly (granted in 1528) following complaints about their treatment of Native American workers in [[Venezuela]]. |- | 1537 || [[New World]] || Pope [[Paul III]] forbids slavery of the [[indigenous peoples of the Americas]] and any other population to be discovered, establishing their right to freedom and property ([[Sublimis Deus]]).<ref>{{Cite book |author-link= Heinrich Denzinger |last= Denzinger |first=Heinrich P. |title= Compendium of Creeds, Definitions, and Declarations on Matters of Faith and Morals |publisher= Ignatius Press |location=Santa Francisco, California |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-89870-746-5 |pages=367–8}}</ref> |- | 1542 || rowspan="4" | {{flagicon|Spanish Empire}} [[Habsburg Spain|Spain]] || The [[New Laws]] ban slave raiding in the Americas and abolish the slavery of natives, but replace it with other systems of forced labor like the [[repartimiento]]. Slavery of Black Africans continues.<ref name="EltisBradley2011">{{cite book|author1=David Eltis|author2=Keith Bradley|author3=Paul Cartledge|title=The Cambridge World History of Slavery: Volume 3, AD 1420 – AD 1804|date=25 July 2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-84068-2|pages=142–143–326–327–331–332–333–602}}</ref> New limits are imposed to the Encomienda. |- | 1549 || Encomiendas banned from using forced labor. |- | 1550-1551 || [[Valladolid Debate]] on the innate rights of indigenous peoples of the Americas. |- | 1552 ||[[Bartolomé de las Casas]], "the first to expose the oppression of indigenous peoples by Europeans in the Americas and to call for the abolition of slavery there."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bartolome-de-Las-Casas|title = Bartolome de las Casas &#124; Biography, Books, Quotes, Significance, & Facts &#124; Britannica| date=27 June 2023 }}</ref> |- |1562 |[[File:Fictional flag of the Mughal Empire (4).svg|23x23px]] [[Mughal Empire]] |[[Akbar|Akbar I]] restricted enslavement by his soldiery.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bano |first=Shadab |date=2001 |title=Professor J.S. Grewal Prize Essay: SLAVE ACQUISITION IN THE MUGHAL EMPIRE |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44155776 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=62 |pages=317–324 |jstor=44155776 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref> |- | 1570 || {{flag|Portugal|1578}} || King [[Sebastian of Portugal]] bans the enslavement of Native Americans under Portuguese rule, allowing only the enslavement of hostile ones. This law was highly influenced by the [[Society of Jesus]], which had missionaries in direct contact with [[Brazil]]ian tribes. |- | rowspan=2|1574 || {{flagcountry|Kingdom of England}} || Last remaining serfs emancipated by [[Elizabeth I]].<ref name="encyclopedia1"/> |- | {{flag|Philippines|1535}} || Slavery abolished by royal decree.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YCWjAwAAQBAJ&q=Philippines+1574+royal+slavery |title=Asian Slaves in Colonial Mexico: From Chinos to Indians |page=36 |date= 23 June 2014|isbn=9781107063129 |access-date=2019-05-17|last1=Seijas |first1=Tatiana |publisher=Cambridge University Press }}</ref> |- | 1588 ||{{Flagicon image|Alex K Grundwald flags 1410-03.svg}} [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Lithuania]]|| The [[Statutes of Lithuania|Third Statute of Lithuania]] abolishes slavery.<ref>{{cite book |title =The union of Lublin, Polish federalism in the golden age |first=Harry E. |last=Dembkowski |publisher=East European Monographs, 1982 |isbn= 978-0-88033-009-1 |page=271 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=svAaAAAAMAAJ&q=poland+lithuania+1588+slavery |year =1982 }}</ref> |- | 1590 || {{flag|Japan|1870}} || [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] bans slavery except as punishment for criminals.<ref>Lewis, James Bryant. (2003). [https://books.google.com/books?id=0YIbNlliRswC&pg=PA31#PPA31,M1 ''Frontier Contact Between Choson Korea and Tokugawa Japan'', pp. 31]–32.</ref> |- | 1595 || {{flag|Portugal|1578}} || Trade of Chinese slaves banned.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XHm4AAAAIAAJ&q=The+Japanese+and+the+Chinese+showed+strong+reluctance+to+the+idea+of+their+people+being+taken+as+slaves+by+the+Portuguese.|title=Legacies of slavery: comparative perspectives|author=Maria Suzette Fernandes Dias|year=2007|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|page=71|isbn=978-1-84718-111-4|access-date=2010-07-14}}</ref> |- | 1602 || {{flagcountry|Kingdom of England}} || The [[Clifton Star Chamber Case]] set a precedent, that impressing / enslaving children to serve as actors was illegal. |- | 1609 || {{flagicon|Spanish Empire}} [[Habsburg Spain|Spain]] || The [[Moriscos]], many of whom are serfs, are expelled from [[Peninsular Spain]] unless they become slaves voluntarily (known as ''moros cortados'', "cut [[Moors]]") However, a large proportion avoid expulsion or manage to return.<ref>Domínguez Ortiz, Antonio; Vicent, Bernard (1993) [1979]. Historia de los moriscos. Vida y tragedia de una minoría. Madrid: Alianza Editorial. p. 265.</ref> |- | 1624 || {{flag|Portugal|1578}} || Enslavement of Chinese banned.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SDvOJRO7qu8C&q=chinese+declared+that+they+cannot+and+should+not+be+made+captive&pg=PA115|title=Between China and Europe: person, culture and emotion in Macao|author=Gary João de Pina-Cabral|year=2002|publisher=Berg Publishers|page=114|isbn=0-8264-5749-5|access-date=2010-07-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SDvOJRO7qu8C&q=chinese+declared+that+they+cannot+and+should+not+be+made+captive&pg=PA115|title=Between China and Europe: person, culture and emotion in Macao|author=Gary João de Pina-Cabral|year=2002|publisher=Berg Publishers|page=115|isbn=0-8264-5749-5|access-date=2010-07-14}}</ref> |- | 1648 || {{flagcountry|Cossack Hetmanate}} || The system of serfdom was partially weakened, a part of serfs were freed. Manors of the Polish szlachta and the Catholic Church were given under the government control. |- | 1649 || [[File:Russian coa 1589 grozny.png|23px]] [[Tsardom of Russia|Russia]] || The sale of Russian slaves to Muslims is banned.<ref>[[Mikhail Kizilov|KIZILOV, MIKHAIL]] (2007). Journal of Early Modern History. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV. 11: 16</ref> |- | 1652 || [[File:Ensign_of_New_England_(St_George's_Cross).svg|23px]] [[Providence Plantations]] || [[Roger Williams]] and [[Samuel Gorton]] work to pass legislation abolishing slavery in Providence Plantations, the first attempt of its kind in North America. It does not go into effect.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.rihs.org/assetts/files/publications/2002_Fall.pdf |title=Rhode Island and the Slave Trade |first=J. Stanley |last=Lemons |journal=Rhode Island History |date=Fall 2002 |volume=60 |issue=4 |pages=95–104 |publisher=Rhode Island Historical Society}}</ref> |- |1660 |{{flagcountry|Kingdom of England}} |[[Tenures Abolition Act 1660]] |- | 1677 || [[File:Flag_of_the_Maratha_Empire.svg|23px]] [[Maratha Empire]] || [[Shivaji|Shivaji I]] banned, freed and stopped import and export of all slaves under his [[Maratha Empire|Empire]].<ref>K.A.NiIakanta Sastri, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/44252462 Sivaji's Charter to the Dutch on the Coromandel Coast], Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 1939, Vol. 3 (1939), pp. 1156–1165</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Heeres |first1=J. E. |url=https://cortsfoundation.org/pdf/web/viewer.html?file=%2Fpdf/CD3.pdf#pagemode=thumbs&zoom=page-fit&page=72 |title=Corpus Diplomaticum Neerlando-Indicum: Verzameling van Politieke Contracten en verdere Verdragen door de Nederlanders in het Oosten gesloten, van Privilege brieven, aan hen verleend, enz. |last2=Stapel |first2=F. W. |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff |year=1934 |volume=3 |location=The Hague, Netherlands |pages=61–65 |language=nl |trans-title=Corpus Diplomaticum Neerlando-Indicum: Collection of Political Contracts and Further Treaties concluded by the Dutch in the East, of Privilege Letters granted to them, etc. |chapter=386. Koromandel: 24 Augustus 1677 |quote="Maar nu mag UEd., soo lange ik meester van dese landen ben, geen slaven nog slavinnen kopen, nog vervoeren. (As long as I am master of these lands, you may not buy slaves, nor transport slaves.)" |access-date=30 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/en/research/archive/1.04.02/invnr/11193/file/NL-HaNA_1.04.02_11193_0562?query=voc%2011193 |title=Kopieboeken van verdragen gesloten met Aziatische vorsten 1612 – 1773 in het bijzonder betreffende Coromandel en de staten in zuidelijk India: Thevar, Thanjavur, Travancore en Madurai 1612 – 1773 |location=Nationaal Archief, The Hague |pages=562 |language=nl |trans-title=Copybooks of treaties concluded with Asian monarchs 1612 – 1773 in particular concerning Coromandel and the states in southern India: Thevar, Thanjavur, Travancore and Madurai 1612 – 1773 |access-date=30 June 2022}}</ref> |- | 1679 || {{flag|Russia|1668}} || [[Feodor III]] converts all Russian field slaves into serfs.<ref>[[Richard Hellie]], Slavery in Russia, 1450–1725 (1984)</ref><ref>Hellie, Richard (2009). "Slavery and serfdom in Russia". In Gleason, Abbott. A Companion to Russian History. Wiley Blackwell Companions to World History. 10. John Wiley & Sons. p. 110. {{ISBN|9781444308426}}. Retrieved 2015-09-14.</ref> |- | 1683 || {{flagicon|Spanish Empire}} [[Colonial Chile|Spanish Chile]] || [[Colonial Chile#Formal slavery|Slavery of Mapuche]] prisoners of war abolished.<ref>{{cite book |last=Valenzuela Márquez |first=Jaime |editor1-last=Gaune |editor1-first=Rafael |editor2-last=Lara |editor2-first=Martín |title=Historias de racismo y discriminación en Chile |date=2009 |pages=234–236 |chapter=Esclavos mapuches. Para una historia del secuestro y deportación de indígenas en la colonia|language=es}}</ref> |- | 1687 || {{flagicon|Spanish Empire}} [[Spanish Florida]] || [[Fugitive slaves]] from the [[Thirteen Colonies]] granted freedom in return for conversion to [[Catholicism]] and four years of military service. |- | 1688 || [[File:English_Red_Ensign_1620.svg|23px]] [[Pennsylvania]] || The [[1688 Germantown Quaker Petition Against Slavery|Germantown Quaker Petition Against Slavery]] is the first religious petition against [[Slavery in the colonial United States|African slavery]] in what would become the United States. |} ==1701–1799== {| class=wikitable |- ! Date ! Jurisdiction ! Description |- | 1706 || {{flagcountry|Kingdom of England}} || In ''Smith v. Browne & Cooper'', [[John Holt (Lord Chief Justice)|Sir John Holt]], [[Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales|Lord Chief Justice of England]], rules that "as soon as a Negro comes into England, he becomes free. One may be a [[Villeins|villein]] in England, but not a slave."<ref>[http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00023686/00001/18j?search=smith+browne+cooper Catterall, Helen Tunnicliff. ''Judicial Cases Concerning American Slavery and the Negro,'' Vol. I: Cases from the Courts of England, Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1926.] accessed 2 October 2013.</ref><ref>[http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/PULA/pula003002/pula003002007.pdf V.C.D. Mtubani, African Slaves and English Law, PULA Botswana Journal of African Studies Vol 3 No 2 Nov 1983] retrieved 24 February 2011</ref> |- | 1711–1712 || [[File:Banner_of_the_Kingdom_of_Imereti.svg|23px]] [[Kingdom of Imereti|Imereti]] || Slave trade banned by [[Mamia III Gurieli|Mamia I of Imereti]]. |- | 1712 || {{flag|Spain|1701}} || ''Moros cortados'' expelled.<ref>Domínguez Ortiz, Antonio; Vicent, Bernard (1993) [1979]. Historia de los moriscos. Vida y tragedia de una minoría. Madrid: Alianza Editorial. p. 265</ref> |- | 1715 ||{{Flagicon image|Red Ensign of Great Britain (1707-1800).svg}} [[Province of North Carolina|North Carolina]] <br />{{Flagicon image|Red Ensign of Great Britain (1707-1800).svg}} [[Province of South Carolina|South Carolina]]||[[Indian slave trade in the American Southeast|Native American slave trade in the American Southeast]] reduces with the outbreak of the [[Yamasee War]]. |- | 1723 || {{flagcountry|Russian Empire}} || [[Peter the Great]] converts all house slaves into house serfs, effectively making slavery illegal in Russia. |- | 1723–1730 || [[File:Seal of Qing dynasty.svg|23px]] [[Qing Dynasty]] || The Yongzheng emancipation seeks to free all slaves to strengthen the autocratic ruler through a kind of social leveling that creates an undifferentiated class of free subjects under the throne. Although these new regulations freed the vast majority of slaves, wealthy families continued to use slave labor into the twentieth century.<ref> {{Cite book | publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group | isbn = 9780313331435 | title = Encyclopedia of Antislavery and Abolition | year = 2011 | url = https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaanti00hink | url-access = limited | page = [https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaanti00hink/page/n204 156] }}</ref> |- | 1732 ||{{Flagicon image|Red Ensign of Great Britain (1707-1800).svg}} [[Province of Georgia|Georgia]]|| Province established without African slavery in sharp contrast to neighboring [[Province of Carolina|colony of Carolina]]. In 1738, [[James Oglethorpe]] warns against changing that policy, which would "occasion the misery of thousands in Africa."<ref>Wilson, Thomas D., ''The Oglethorpe Plan: Enlightenment Design in Savannah and Beyond'', Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 2012. p. 130.</ref> [[Indian slave trade in the American Southeast|Native American slavery is legal throughout Georgia, however]], and African slavery is later introduced in 1749. |- | 1738 || {{flagicon|Spain|1701}} [[Spanish Florida]] || [[Fort Mose Historic State Park|Fort Mosé]], the first legal settlement of free blacks in what is today the [[United States]], is established. Word of the settlement sparks the [[Stono Rebellion]] in [[Province of Carolina|Carolina]] the following year. |- | rowspan="2" |1746 | rowspan="2" |{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Great Britain}} |[[Heritable Jurisdictions (Scotland) Act 1746]] |- |[[Tenures Abolition Act 1746]] |- | 1761 || {{flag|Portugal|1750}} || The [[Marquis of Pombal]] bans the importation of slaves to metropolitan Portugal.<ref name="Blackburn">Blackburn, Robin (1988) ''The overthrow of colonial slavery, 1776–1848.'' Verso, 560 pages.</ref> encouraging instead the trade of African slaves to Brazil.<ref>{{cite book|date=1922|first=J. Lucio de|last=Azevedo|page=332|publisher=Annuario do Brasil|title=O Marquês de Pombal e a sua época}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref><ref>{{cite book|date=2013|first=Arlindo Manuel|last=Caldeira|pages=219–224|publisher=A Esfera dos Livros|title=Escravos e Traficantes no Império Português: O comércio negreiro português no Atlântico durante os séculos XV a XIX}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref><ref>{{cite web|date=1971|first=Luís O.|last=Ramos|title=Pombal e o esclavagismo|url=https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/bitstream/10216/7680/2/3108.pdf|website=Repositório Aberto da Universidade do Porto}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref><ref>{{cite book|date=1969|first=Charles|last=Boxer|page=191|publisher=Ediçoes 70|title=O Império colonial português (1415–1825)}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |- | 1766 ||{{flag|Spain|1701}}||[[Mohammed ben Abdallah|Muhammad III]] of [[Morocco]] purchases the freedom of all Muslim slaves in [[Seville]], [[Cádiz]], and [[Barcelona]].<ref name="artic1">[http://www.artic.ua.es/biblioteca/u85/documentos/1701.pdf Profa. Mª Magdalena Martínez Almira APUNTES sobre la ABOLICIÓN ESCLAVITUD EN ESPAÑA.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123091201/http://www.artic.ua.es/biblioteca/u85/documentos/1701.pdf |date=23 November 2015 }} ''artic.ua.es'', accessed 30 August 2019</ref> |- | 1770 || {{flagcountry|Circassia}} || The [[Circassians]] of the [[Abdzakh]] region started a great revolution in Circassian territory in 1770. Classes such as slaves, nobles and princes were completely abolished. The Abdzakh Revolution coincides with the French Revolution. While many French nobles took refuge in Russia, some of the Circassian nobles took the same path and took refuge in Russia.<ref>Vorlesungen von Prof. Dr. M. Sarkisyanz. SAI- Heidelberg . Trubetykoy, Nikolaj Sergejewitsch Fürst Erinnerungen an einen Aufenthalt bei den Tscherkessen des Kreises Tuapse. In: Caucasica, 1934, 11, S. 1–39</ref> |- | 1771 || {{flagicon| Kingdom of Sardinia|1720}} [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1720-1861)|Kingdom of Sardinia]] || [[Serfdom]] abolished in the lands ruled by the [[House of Savoy]].<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/124853/1/The_Emancipaton_of_Sefs_in_Europe_.pdf |chapter=The Emancipation of the Serfs in Europe |last=O'Rourke |first=Shane |editor-last=Eltis |editor-first=David |title=The Cambridge World History of Slavery |volume=4: AD 1804- AD 2016 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |pages=422–440 |date=2017}}</ref> |- | 1772 || {{flagcountry| Kingdom of England}} || [[Somersett's case]] rules that no slave can be forcibly removed from England. This case was generally taken at the time to have decided that the condition of slavery did not exist under [[English law]] in England and Wales.<ref>Heward, Edmund (1979). Lord Mansfield: A Biography of William Murray 1st Earl of Mansfield 1705–1793 Lord Chief Justice for 32 years. p. 141. Chichester: Barry Rose (publishers) Ltd. {{ISBN|0-85992-163-8}}</ref> |- | 1773 || {{flag|Portugal|1750}} || A new decree by the [[Marquis of Pombal]], signed by the king [[Joseph I of Portugal|Dom José]], emancipates fourth-generation slaves<ref name="Blackburn"/> and every child born to an enslaved mother after the decree was published.<ref>Both decrees are published in a 1971 [http://ler.letras.up.pt/uploads/ficheiros/3108.pdf article by Oliveira e Costa]</ref> |- |1774 |{{Flagicon image|Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg}} [[East India Company]] |[[Bengal Presidency|Government of Bengal]] passed regulations 9 and 10 of 1774, prohibiting the trade in slaves without written deed, and the sale of anyone not already enslaved.<ref name="Major2012">{{cite book|author=Andrea Major|title=Slavery, Abolitionism and Empire in India, 1772–1843|url=https://archive.org/details/slaveryabolition00majo|url-access=registration|year=2012|publisher=Liverpool University Press|isbn=978-1-84631-758-3|pages=[https://archive.org/details/slaveryabolition00majo/page/52 52]–55}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |1775 |{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Great Britain}} |[[Colliers and Salters (Scotland) Act 1775]] |- | {{flagicon|United States|1776}} [[Pennsylvania]] || [[Pennsylvania Abolition Society]] formed in [[Philadelphia]], the first abolition society within the territory that is now the United States of America. |- | {{Flag|United States|1776}} ||[[Atlantic slave trade]] banned or suspended in the United Colonies during the [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]]. This was a continuation of the Thirteen Colonies' non-importation agreements against Britain, as an attempt to cut all economic ties with Britain during the war.<ref name="Finkelman, Paul 2007">{{cite web | url=http://abolition.nypl.org/print/us_constitution/ | title=The Abolition of The Slave Trade | publisher=New York Public Library | date=2007 | access-date=25 June 2014 | author=Finkelman, Paul}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2"|1777 || {{flagicon|Portugal|1750}} [[Madeira]] || Slavery abolished.<ref name="timeline">Robert William Fogel and Stanley L. Engerman. ''Time on the Cross: The Economics of American Negro Slavery'', 1995. Pages 33–34.</ref> |- |{{Flag|Vermont Republic|name=Vermont}}|| The [[Constitution of the Vermont Republic]] partially bans slavery,<ref name="timeline"/> freeing men over 21 and women older than 18 at the time of its passage.<ref>{{cite web|title=Constitution of Vermont (1777)|url=https://www.sec.state.vt.us/archives-records/state-archives/government-history/vermont-constitutions/1777-constitution.aspx#ChapterI|publisher=State of Vermont|access-date=7 June 2014|location=Chapter I, Article I|year=1777|archive-date=28 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228110403/https://www.sec.state.vt.us/archives-records/state-archives/government-history/vermont-constitutions/1777-constitution.aspx#ChapterI|url-status=dead}}</ref> The ban is not strongly enforced.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lee Ann|first=Cox|title=UVM historian examines Vermont's mixed history of slavery and abolition|url=https://www.uvm.edu/uvmnews/news/patchwork-freedom}}</ref><ref>Harvey Amani Whitfield, ''The Problem of Slavery in Early Vermont'', Vermont Historical Society (2014)</ref> |- | 1778 || {{flag|Scotland}} || [[Joseph Knight (slave)|Joseph Knight]] successfully argues that [[Scots law]] cannot support the status of slavery.<ref>{{cite web|title=Slavery, freedom or perpetual servitude? – the Joseph Knight case|url=http://www.nas.gov.uk/about/071022.asp|publisher=The National Archives of Scotland|access-date=5 July 2014}}</ref> |- | 1779 || {{Flagicon image|Red Ensign of Great Britain (1707-1800).svg}} [[British America]] || The [[Philipsburg Proclamation]] frees all slaves who desert the [[Patriot (American Revolution)|American rebels]], regardless of their willingness to fight for the Crown. |- | 1780 || {{flagicon|United States|1777}} [[Pennsylvania]] || ''[[An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery]]'' passed, freeing future children of slaves. Those born prior to the Act remain enslaved for life. The Act becomes a model for other [[Northern United States|Northern states]]. Last slaves freed 1847.<ref>A Leon Higginbotham, Jr., ''In the Matter of Color: Race & the American Legal Process'', Oxford University Press, 1978. p. 310.</ref> |- | 1781 || {{flagicon|Archduchy of Austria}} [[Archduchy of Austria]] || [[Joseph II]] abolishes personal bondage of serfs and allows their freedom of movement with the [[Serfdom Patent (1781)|Serfdom Patent of 1781]]. |- | rowspan="5"|1783 || {{flag|Russian Empire}} || Slavery abolished in the recently annexed [[Crimean Khanate]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157 |title=Historical survey of Slave societies |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=2013-08-28}}</ref> |- | [[File:Ensign_of_New_England_(pine_only).svg|23px]] [[Massachusetts]] || [[Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court]] rules [[Quock Walker|slavery unconstitutional]], a decision based on the [[Massachusetts Constitution|1780 Massachusetts constitution]]. All slaves are immediately freed.<ref>A. Leon Higginbotham, ''In the matter of color: race and the American legal process'' (1980) p. 91</ref> |- |{{Flag|Austrian Empire}}||[[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]] abolishes slavery in [[Bukovina]].<ref>Viorel Achim, ''The Roma in Romanian History'', Central European University Press, Budapest, 2004. {{ISBN|963-9241-84-9}}, p. 128</ref> |- | [[File:ColonyofNewHampshireSeal.png|20px]] [[New Hampshire]] || Gradual abolition of slavery begins. |- | {{Flagicon image|Red Ensign of Great Britain (1707-1800).svg}} [[British America]] || After being settled into by [[Quaker]]s, [[Beaver Harbour, New Brunswick]] becomes the first settlement in British North America to ban slavery, forbidding slave masters from entering.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ceremony held for N.B. village's role in elimination of slavery |url=https://atlantic.ctvnews.ca/ceremony-held-for-n-b-village-s-role-in-elimination-of-slavery-1.2571544 |access-date=12 December 2023 |work=CTV Atlantic |date=19 September 2015 |language=en |archive-date=12 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212150457/https://atlantic.ctvnews.ca/ceremony-held-for-n-b-village-s-role-in-elimination-of-slavery-1.2571544 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | rowspan="2"|1784 || {{Flagicon image|Ensign of New England (pine only).svg}} [[Connecticut]] || Gradual abolition of slavery, freeing future children of slaves, and later all slaves.<ref>Higginbotham, p. 310.</ref> |- | {{Flagicon image|Ensign of New England (pine only).svg}} [[Rhode Island]]|| Gradual abolition of slavery begins. |- | 1785 ||{{flagicon|Kingdom of Hungary}} [[Kingdom of Hungary]] || In response to the [[Revolt of Horea, Cloșca and Crișan|Revolt of Horea]], [[Joseph II]] abolishes personal bondage and allows freedom of movement for peasants in Hungary with the urbarium of 22 August 1785.<ref>Ingrao, Charles W. (2000), The Habsburg Monarchy, 1618–1815, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1107268692</ref> |- | 1786 ||{{Flagicon image|Union flag 1606 (Kings Colors).svg}} [[New South Wales]]|| A policy of completely banning slavery is adopted by governor-designate [[Arthur Phillip]] for the soon-to-be established colony.<ref>Britton (ed.) 1978, p. 53</ref> |- | rowspan="3"|1787 ||{{Flag|United States|1777}}||[[Congress of the Confederation|The United States in Congress Assembled]] passes the [[Northwest Ordinance]] of 1787, outlawing any new slavery in the [[Northwest Territory|Northwest Territories]]. |- |{{Flagicon image|Union flag 1606 (Kings Colors).svg}} [[Sierra Leone]]|| Founded by [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Great Britain]] as a [[Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate|colony]] for emancipated slaves.<ref>A. B. C. Sibthorpe, ''The history of Sierra Leone'' (1970) p. 8</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Great Britain}} || [[Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade]] founded in Great Britain.<ref name="timeline"/> |- | rowspan="3"|1788 ||[[Slave Trade Act 1788|Sir William Dolben's Act]] regulating the conditions on British [[slave ship]]s enacted. |- | {{flagcountry|Kingdom of France}} | Abolitionist [[Society of the Friends of the Blacks]] founded in [[Paris]]. |- | {{flagcountry|Denmark}} | Limits imposed to serfdom under the [[Stavnsbånd]] system. |- | 1789 || {{flagcountry|Kingdom of France}} || Last remaining [[Manorialism|seigneurial privileges]] over peasants abolished.<ref>1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.</ref> |- | 1791 ||{{Flag|Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth|name=Poland-Lithuania}} || The [[Constitution of May 3, 1791]] introduced elements of political equality between townspeople and nobility, and placed the peasants under the protection of the government; thus, it mitigated the worst abuses of serfdom. |- | 1791 || {{flagcountry|Kingdom of France|1790}} || Emancipation of second-generation slaves in the colonies.<ref name="artic1"/> |- | 1792 || {{flag|Denmark-Norway}} || Transatlantic slave trade declared illegal after 1803, though slavery continues in Danish colonies to 1848.<ref>{{cite book|last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ATq5_6h2AT0C&q=abolish+slavery+iceland&pg=PA8 |title=The Historical encyclopedia of world slavery, Volume 1 |access-date=2013-08-28|isbn=9780874368857 |year=1997 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic }}</ref> |- ||1792 || {{Flagicon|UK|1707}} [[Saint Helena]] || The importation of slaves to the island of Saint Helena was banned in 1792, but the phased emancipation of over 800 resident slaves did not take place until 1827, which was still some six years before the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British parliament]] passed legislation to ban slavery in the colonies.<ref name="sthelena.uk.net">New research published on http://sthelena.uk.net {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506123722/http://sthelena.uk.net/ |date=6 May 2013 }}; shortened extract published in the Saint Helena Independent on 3 June 2011.</ref> |- | rowspan="2"|1793 ||{{Flagicon image|Flag of Haiti (1791–1798).svg}} [[Saint-Domingue]] || Commissioner [[Leger-Felicite Sonthonax]] abolishes slavery in the northern part of the colony. His colleague Etienne Polverel does the same in the rest of the territory in October. |- |{{Flag|Upper Canada}}|| Importation of slaves banned by the [[Act Against Slavery]]. |- | rowspan="3"|1794 || {{flagcountry|French First Republic}} || Slavery abolished in all French territories and possessions.<ref>David B. Gaspar, David P. Geggus, ''A Turbulent time: the French Revolution and the Greater Caribbean'' (1997) p. 60</ref> |- |{{Flag|United States|1777}}|| The [[Slave Trade Act of 1794|Slave Trade Act]] bans both American ships from participating in the slave trade and the export of slaves in foreign ships.<ref name="Finkelman, Paul 2007"/> |- |{{Flag|Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth|name=Poland-Lithuania}}|| The [[Proclamation of Połaniec]], issued during the [[Kościuszko Uprising]], ultimately abolished serfdom in Poland, and granted substantial [[Civil and political rights|civil liberties]] to all peasants. |- | 1798 || {{flagicon|French First Republic}} [[French occupation of Malta|French Malta]] || Slavery banned in the islands after their capture by [[French First Republic|French]] forces under the command of [[Napoleon|Napoleon Bonaparte]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Xuereb|first1=Charles|title=Slavery in Malta|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20070410/letters/slavery-in-malta.20844|access-date=12 February 2015|work=[[Times of Malta]]|date=10 April 2007}}</ref><ref name="wettinger1981">{{cite journal |last1=Wettinger |first1=Godfrey |title=The abolition of slavery in Malta |journal=Archivum: the journal of Maltese historical research |date=1981 |volume=1 |pages=1–19 |url=https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/42085/1/Archivum_-_A1.pdf |archive-date=17 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617082959/https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/42085/1/Archivum_-_A1.pdf}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2"|1799 ||{{Flag|New York|1778}}|| Gradual emancipation act freeing the future children of slaves, and all slaves in 1827.<ref>{{cite book|author=David N. Gellman|title=Emancipating New York: The Politics of Slavery and Freedom, 1777–1827|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bWKTiIL6mVcC&pg=PA215|year=2008|publisher=LSU Press|pages=2, 215|isbn=9780807134658}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Scotland}} || The [[Colliers and Salters (Scotland) Act 1775|Colliers (Scotland) Act 1799]] ends the legal servitude or slavery of coal and salt miners that had been established in 1606.<ref>{{Citation |last=May |first=Thomas Erskine |author-link=Thomas Erskine May |year=1895 |contribution=Last Relics of Slavery |contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sCwYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA274 |title=The Constitutional History of England (1760–1860) |volume=II |publisher=A. C. Armstrong and Son |publication-date=1895 |location=New York |pages=274–275 }}</ref> |} ==1800–1829== {{gallery | mode=packed | align=center | File:Petition-slavery-1826.jpg|Illustration from the book: ''The Black Man's Lament, Or, How to Make Sugar'' by [[Amelia Opie]] (London, 1826) }} {| class=wikitable |- ! Date ! Jurisdiction ! Description |- |rowspan="3"|1800 |[[File:Coat of Arms of Joseon Korea.svg|20px]] [[Joseon]] |State slavery banned in 1800. Private slavery continued until being banned in 1894. |- |{{Flagicon image|Unofficial Flag of Malta (pre-1943).svg}} [[Malta]] || Despite being [[Siege of Malta (1798–1800)|in rebellion]] against the French, the National Congress confirms the validity of Napoleon's 1798 abolition of slavery, and [[Alexander Ball]] issues a proclamation to this effect.<ref name="wettinger1981"/> |- |{{flag|United States|1795}} || American citizens banned from investment and employment in the international slave trade in an additional [[Slave Trade Act of 1800|Slave Trade Act]]. |- |rowspan="2"|1802 || {{flagcountry|French First Republic}} || [[Napoleon]] re-introduces slavery in sugarcane-growing colonies.<ref>Hobhouse, Henry. ''Seeds of Change: Six Plants That Transformed Mankind'', 2005. Page 111.</ref> |- |{{flagicon|United States|1795}} [[Ohio]] || [[Constitution of Ohio|State constitution]] abolishes slavery. |- |1803 || {{Flag|Denmark-Norway}} || Abolition of Danish participation in the [[Atlantic slave trade|transatlantic slave trade]] takes effect on 1 January. |- |rowspan="2"|1804 || {{flag|New Jersey}} || Slavery abolished.<ref>"1804: With passage of the law excerpted here, New Jersey became the last state in the North to abolish slavery." Howard L. Green, ''Words that Make New Jersey History: A Primary Source Reader'' (1995) p 84.</ref> |- |{{flag|Haiti|1803}} || [[Haiti]] declares independence and abolishes slavery.<ref name="timeline"/> |- |1805 || {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} || A bill for abolition passes in [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] but is rejected in the [[House of Lords]]. |- |1806 || rowspan="2" | {{flag|United States|1795}} || In a message to Congress, [[Thomas Jefferson]] calls for criminalizing the international slave trade, asking Congress to "withdraw the citizens of the United States from all further participation in those violations of human rights ... which the morality, the reputation, and the best of our country have long been eager to proscribe." |- |rowspan="5"|1807 || International slave trade made a felony in [[Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves]]; this act takes effect on 1 January 1808, the earliest date permitted under the Constitution.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/30/opinion/30foner.html Foner, Eric. "Forgotten step towards freedom,"] ''The New York Times''. 30 December 2007.</ref> |- |{{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} || [[Abolition of the Slave Trade Act]] abolishes slave trading throughout the [[British Empire]]. Captains fined £100 per slave transported. Patrols sent to the African coast to arrest slaving vessels. The [[West Africa Squadron]] ([[Royal Navy]]) is established to suppress slave trading; by 1865, nearly 150,000 people freed by anti-slavery operations.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/content/articles/2007/03/20/abolition_navy_feature.shtml Sailing against slavery. By Jo Loosemore] BBC</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Duchy of Warsaw|Warsaw]] || Constitution abolishes serfdom.<ref name="Kantowicz1975"/> |- |{{flag|Prussia|1803}} || The [[Prussian reforms|Stein-Hardenberg Reforms]] abolish serfdom.<ref name="Kantowicz1975">{{cite book|last=Kantowicz|first=Edward R.|title=Polish-American politics in Chicago, 1888–1940|url=https://archive.org/details/polishamericanpo0000kant|url-access=registration|access-date=30 January 2012|year=1975|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-42380-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/polishamericanpo0000kant/page/6 6]}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|United States|1795}} [[Michigan Territory]] || Judge Augustus Woodward denies the return of two slaves owned by a man in [[Windsor, Ontario|Windsor]], [[Upper Canada]]. Woodward declares that any man "coming into this Territory is by law of the land a freeman."<ref>{{cite web|last=Woodward|first=Augustus|title=Slavery in the Northwest Territory|date=3 August 2006|url=http://www.absolutemichigan.com/dig/michigan/slavery-in-the-northwest-territory/|publisher=Leelanau Communications, Inc|access-date=10 September 2012|archive-date=6 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006070212/http://www.absolutemichigan.com/dig/michigan/slavery-in-the-northwest-territory/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |1808 || {{flag|United States|1795}} || Importation and exportation of slaves made a crime.<ref>{{cite book|author=Jean Allain|title=The Legal Understanding of Slavery: From the Historical to the Contemporary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n_KAvAjkEbsC&pg=PA121|year=2012|page=121|publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=9780199660469}}</ref> |- |1810 ||{{Flagicon image|Bandera de la Nueva España.svg}} [[New Spain]]|| [[Mexican War of Independence|Independence leader]] [[Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla]] proclaimed the abolition of slavery three months after the start of the Independence of Mexico from Spain. |- |rowspan="4"|1811 || {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} || Slave trading made a felony punishable by transportation for both British subjects and foreigners. |- |{{flag|Spain|1785}} || The [[Cortes of Cádiz]] abolish the last remaining seigneurial rights.<ref name="artic1"/> |- |{{Flagicon image|Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg}} [[East India Company|British East India Company]] |The Company issued regulations 10 of 1811, prohibiting the transport of slaves into Company territory, adding to the 1774 restrictions.<ref name="Major2012" /> |- |{{flag|Chile|1812}} || The First National Congress approves a proposal of [[:es:Manuel de Salas|Manuel de Salas]] that declares Freedom of Wombs, freeing the children of slaves born in Chilean territory, regardless of their parents' condition. The slave trade is banned and the slaves who stay for more than six months in Chilean territory are automatically declared freedmen. |- |rowspan="2"|1812 || {{flagicon|UK}} [[Malta Protectorate]] || British protectorate authorities issue a proclamation declaring that "negroes cannot be considered as objects of trade" in response to reports of African slaves being imported into Malta from North Africa, despite slavery having previously been abolished on Malta in 1798.<ref name="wettinger1981"/> |- |{{flag|Spain|1785}} || The [[Cortes of Cádiz]] pass the [[Spanish Constitution of 1812]], giving citizenship and equal rights to all residents in Spain and her territories, excluding slaves. During deliberations, Deputies [[José Miguel Guridi y Alcocer]] and [[Agustín Argüelles]] unsuccessfully argue for the abolition of slavery.<ref name="artic1"/> |- |rowspan="2"|1813 ||{{Flagicon image|Bandera de la Nueva España.svg}} [[New Spain]]|| Independence leader [[José María Morelos y Pavón]] declares slavery abolished in Mexico in the documents [[Sentimientos de la Nación]]. |- |{{Flagicon image|Flag of Belgrano (1812).svg}} [[United Provinces of the Río de la Plata|United Provinces]]||[[Freedom of Wombs|Law of Wombs]] passed by the Assembly of Year XIII. Slaves born after 31 January 1813 will be granted freedom when they are married, or on their 16th birthday for women and 20th for men, and upon their manumission will be given land and tools to work it.<ref>{{cite book|author=Carole Elizabeth Boyce Davies|title=Encyclopedia of the African Diaspora: vol 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkVxNVvex-sC&pg=PA95|year=2008|page= 95|publisher=Abc-Clio |isbn=9781851097050}}</ref> |- |rowspan="2"|1814 ||{{Flagicon image|Flag of Belgrano (1812).svg}} [[United Provinces of the Río de la Plata|United Provinces]]|| After the occupation of [[Montevideo]], all slaves born in modern [[Uruguay]]an territory are declared free. |- |{{flag|Netherlands}} || Slave trade abolished. |- |rowspan="4"|1815 || {{flagcountry|French First Republic}} || [[Napoleon]] abolishes the slave trade. |- |{{flag|Portugal|1750}} || Slave trade banned north of the [[Equator]] in return for a £750,000 payment by Britain.<ref name="britpay">"Blacks in Latin America", Microsoft Encarta 98 Encyclopedia. Microsoft Corporation.</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Spain|1785}} [[Spanish Florida|Florida]] || British withdrawing after the [[War of 1812]] leave a fully armed fort in the hands of [[maroons (people)|maroons]], escaped slaves and their descendants, and their Seminole allies. Becomes known as [[Negro Fort]]. |- |{{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}<br />{{flag|Portugal|1750}}<br />{{Flagicon image|Swedish and Norwegian merchant flag 1818-1844.svg}} [[Sweden-Norway]]<br />{{flagcountry|Bourbon Restoration}}<br />{{flagicon|AUT|empire}} [[Austrian Empire|Austria]]<br />{{flag|Russia}}<br />{{flag|Spain|1785}}<br />{{flag|Prussia|1803}}|| The [[Congress of Vienna]] declares its opposition to the slave trade.<ref>{{cite book|author=Mark Jarrett|title=The Congress of Vienna and its Legacy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m-B7BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA144|year=2014|page=144|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=9781784530563}}</ref> |- |rowspan="3"|1816 || [[File:Eestimaa värvid.svg|23px]] [[Governorate of Estonia|Estonia]] || Serfdom abolished. |- |{{flagicon|Spain|1785}} [[Spanish Florida|Florida]] || Negro Fort destroyed in the [[Negro Fort#Battle of Negro Fort (African Fort)|Battle of Negro Fort]] by U.S. forces under the command of General [[Andrew Jackson]]. |- |[[File:AlgierRegency2.svg|20px]] [[Ottoman Algeria|Algeria]]||[[Bombardment of Algiers (1816)|Algiers bombarded]] by the British and Dutch navies in an attempt to end [[Barbary pirates|North African piracy and slave raiding]] in the Mediterranean. 3,000 slaves freed. |- |rowspan="6"|1817 || [[File:Flag of the Courland Governorate.svg|23px]] [[Governorate of Courland|Courland]] || Serfdom abolished. |- |{{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}<br />{{flag|Spain|1785}} || Bilateral treaty abolishing the slave trade.<ref>[https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1818/jan/28/copy-of-the-treaty-with-spain-for TREATY between his Britannic Majesty and his Catholic Majesty, for preventing their subjects from engaging in any illicit traffic in slaves. Signed at Madrid the 23rd of September 1817.], api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1818/jan/28</ref> |- |{{flag|Spain|1785}} || [[Ferdinand VII]] signs a cedula banning the importation of slaves in Spanish possessions beginning in 1820,<ref name="artic1"/> in return for a £400,000 payment from Britain.<ref name="britpay"/> However, some slaves are still smuggled in after this date. Both slave ownership and internal commerce in slaves remained legal. |- |{{Flagicon image|Bandera de Angostura (20 de noviembre de 1817).svg}} [[Third Republic of Venezuela|Venezuela]]||[[Simon Bolivar]] calls for the abolition of slavery.<ref name="artic1"/> |- |{{Flag|New York|1778}}|| 4 July 1827 set as date to free all ex-slaves from indenture.<ref>Higginbotham, pp. 146–47.</ref> |- |[[File:Flag of Argentina (civil).svg|23px]] [[United Provinces of the Río de la Plata|United Provinces]] || Constitution supports the abolition of slavery, but does not ban it.<ref name="artic1"/> |- |rowspan="3"|1818 ||{{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}<br />{{flag|Portugal|1816}} || Bilateral treaty abolishing the slave trade.<ref name="britleg">"Chronological Table of the Statutes" (1959 edition)</ref> |- |{{flagcountry|Bourbon Restoration}} || Slave trade banned. |- |{{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}<br />{{flag|Netherlands}} || Bilateral treaty taking additional measures to enforce the 1814 ban on slave trading.<ref name="britleg" /> |- |rowspan="3"|1819 || [[File:Livonian colours.svg|23px]] [[Governorate of Livonia|Livonia]] || Serfdom abolished. |- |{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Upper Canada]] || Attorney-General [[Sir John Robinson, 1st Baronet, of Toronto|John Robinson]] declares all [[Slavery in Canada|black residents]] free. |- |{{flag|Hawaii|1816}} || The [[ancient Hawaii]]an [[Kapu (Hawaiian culture)|kapu]] system is abolished during the [[ʻAi Noa]], and with it the distinction between the kauwā slave class and the maka{{okina}}āinana (commoners).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Levin|first=Stephenie Seto|title=The Overthrow of the Kapu System in Hawaii|journal=Journal of the Polynesian Society|volume=77|year=1968|publisher=Polynesian Society|location=Wellington, NZ|pages=402–430|url=http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document/Volume_77_1968/Volume_77,_No._4/The_overthrow_of_the_kapu_system_in_Hawaii,_by_Stephenie_Seto_Levin,_p_402_-_430/p1|access-date=27 May 2025|archive-date=19 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419202518/https://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document/Volume_77_1968/Volume_77,_No._4/The_overthrow_of_the_kapu_system_in_Hawaii,_by_Stephenie_Seto_Levin,_p_402_-_430/p1|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |rowspan="3"|1820 || {{flag|United States|1820}} || The [[Compromise of 1820]] bans slavery north of the 36º 30' line; the [[Act to Protect the Commerce of the United States and Punish the Crime of Piracy]] is amended to consider the maritime slave trade as piracy, making it punishable with death. |- |[[File:Indiana-StateSeal.svg|23px]] [[Indiana]] || The supreme court orders almost all slaves in the state to be freed in ''[[Polly v. Lasselle]]''. |- |{{flag|Spain|1785}} || The 1817 abolition of the slave trade takes effect.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/liverpool/localhistory/journey/american_connection/slavery/timeline.shtml|title=BBC - Liverpool Local History - American Connections - Slavery Timeline|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> |- |rowspan="4"|1821 ||{{Flag|First Mexican Empire|1821|name=Mexico}}|| The [[Plan of Iguala]] frees the slaves born in Mexico.<ref name="artic1"/> |- |{{Flag|United States|1820}}<br />{{flag|Spain|1785}} || In accordance with [[Adams–Onís Treaty]] of 1819, [[History of Florida|Florida]] becomes a territory of the United States. A main reason was Spain's inability or unwillingness to capture and return escaped slaves. |- |{{Flagicon image|Flag of Peru (1821–1822).svg}} [[Peru]]|| Abolition of slave trade and implementation of a plan to gradually end slavery.<ref name="artic1"/> |- |{{flag|Gran Colombia}} || Emancipation for sons and daughters born to slave mothers, program for [[compensated emancipation]] set.<ref name="aguilera">{{cite book | last = Aguilera| first = Miguel| title = La Legislacion y el derecho en Colombia| series = Historia extensa de Colombia| volume = 14| publisher = Lemer | year = 1965| location = Bogota| pages = 428–442}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |1822 || {{flagicon|Haiti|1859}} [[Unification of Hispaniola|Haiti]] || [[Jean Pierre Boyer]] annexes [[Republic of Spanish Haiti|Spanish Haiti]] and abolishes slavery there. |- |{{flagicon|Liberia|1822}} [[Liberia]] || Founded by the [[American Colonization Society]] as a colony for emancipated slaves. |- |{{flagicon|Muscat}} [[Muscat and Oman]]<br />{{flag|United Kingdom}} || First bilateral treaty limiting the [[Zanzibar slave trade|slave trade in Zanzibar]] ([[Moresby Treaty]]). |- |rowspan="3"|1823 || {{flag|Chile}} || Slavery abolished.<ref name="timeline"/> |- |{{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} || The [[Society for the Mitigation and Gradual Abolition of Slavery Throughout the British Dominions]] (Anti-Slavery Society) is founded. |- | [[File:Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg|22px]] [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]] || Prohibition of slavery is enshrined in the [[Greek Constitution of 1823]], during the [[Greek War of Independence]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Greek Constitution of 1823, article 9 |url=https://www.hellenicparliament.gr/UserFiles/f3c70a23-7696-49db-9148-f24dce6a27c8/syn07.pdf}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |1824 |{{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} |[[Slave Trade Act 1824]] |- | {{flag|Mexico|1823}} || The [[1824 Constitution of Mexico|new constitution]] effectively abolishes slavery. |- |{{flagdeco|Federal Republic of Central America}} [[Federal Republic of Central America|Central America]] || Slavery abolished.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Smith|first1=Robert S.|date=1 November 1963|title=Financing the Central American Federation, 1821–1838|journal=Hispanic American Historical Review|language=en|location=[[Durham, North Carolina|Durham]], [[North Carolina]]|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|volume=43|issue=4|page=510|url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/hahr/article/43/4/483/159631/Financing-the-Central-American-Federation-1821|doi=10.1215/00182168-43.4.483|doi-access=free|jstor=2509898|access-date=3 August 2022}}</ref> |- |rowspan="2"|1825 ||{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Treinta y Tres.svg}} [[Uruguay]]|| Importation of slaves banned. |- |{{flagicon|Haiti|1859}} [[Haiti]]|| France, with warships at the ready, demanded [[Haiti indemnity controversy|Haiti compensate France]] for its loss of slaves and its slave colony |- |rowspan="3"|1827 || {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}<br />{{Flagicon image|Swedish and Norwegian merchant flag 1818-1844.svg}} [[Sweden-Norway]]|| Bilateral treaty abolishing the slave trade.<ref name="britleg" /> |- |{{Flag|New York|1778}}|| Last vestiges of slavery abolished. Children born between 1799 and 1827 are indentured until age 25 (females) or age 28 (males).<ref>{{cite book|author=David N. Gellman|title=Emancipating New York: The Politics of Slavery and Freedom, 1777–1827|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bWKTiIL6mVcC&pg=PA215|year=2008|pages=2, 215|publisher=LSU Press |isbn=9780807134658}}</ref> |- | {{Flagicon|UK|1801}} [[Saint Helena]] || Phased emancipation of over 800 resident slaves, some six years before the British parliament passed legislation to ban slavery in all colonies.<ref name="sthelena.uk.net"/> |- |1829 || {{flag|Mexico|1823}} || Last slaves freed just as the first president of partial African ancestry ([[Vicente Guerrero]]) is elected.<ref name="timeline"/> |} ==1830–1849== {{gallery | height=100 | align=center | File:Julius Rubens Ames My Country Is The World 1847 Cornell CUL PJM 2051 02.jpg|An anti-slavery map with an unusual perspective centered on West Africa, which is in the light, and contrasting the Americas and Europe in the dark. By Julius Rubens Ames, 1847.}} {| class=wikitable |- ! Date ! Jurisdiction ! Description |- |1830 ||{{Flagicon image|Flag of Coahuila y Tejas.svg}} [[Coahuila y Tejas]]|| Mexican President [[Anastasio Bustamante]] attempts to implement the abolition of slavery. To circumvent the law, Anglo-Texans declare their slaves "indentured servants for life".<ref>{{cite book|author=Alwyn Barr|title=Black Texans: A History of African Americans in Texas, 1528–1995|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GmK6Sq0ojOUC&pg=PA15|year=1996|page=15|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |isbn=9780806128788}}</ref> |- |1830 || {{flag|Ottoman Empire}} || The [[Firman of 1830]] theoretically emancipates all white slaves in the Ottoman Empire.<ref name="Global Slavery Throughout History 2023 p536">The Palgrave Handbook of Global Slavery Throughout History. (2023). Tyskland: Springer International Publishing. p536</ref> |- |1830 || {{flag|Uruguay}} || Slavery abolished. |- |rowspan="2"|1831 ||{{Flagicon image|Flag of Bolivia (state, 1826-1851).svg}} [[Bolivia]]|| Slavery abolished.<ref name="timeline"/> |- |{{flagicon|Empire of Brazil}} [[Empire of Brazil|Brazil]] || Law of 7 November 1831, abolishing the maritime slave trade, banning any importation of slaves, and granting freedom to slaves illegally imported into Brazil. The law was seldom enforced prior to 1850, when Brazil, under British pressure, adopted additional legislation to criminalize the importation of slaves. |- |1832 |{{Flag|Kingdom of Greece|1822|name=Greece}} |Slavery abolished with independence. |- |1832 |{{Flagicon image|Flag of Coahuila y Tejas.svg}} [[Coahuila y Tejas]] |[[Anahuac Disturbances]]: [[Juan Davis Bradburn]], American-born Mexican officer at Anahuac, Texas, confronts slave-owning American settlers, enforcing Mexican abolition of slavery and refusing to hand over two escaped slaves. |- |rowspan="2"|1834 || {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} || The [[Slavery Abolition Act 1833]] comes into force, abolishing slavery throughout most of the [[British Empire]] but on a gradual basis over the next six years.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/antislavery_01.shtml |title=British Anti-slavery |last=Oldfield |first= Dr John |date=17 February 2011 |website=BBC History |publisher=BBC |access-date=2 January 2017 |quote=the new legislation called for the gradual abolition of slavery. Everyone over the age of six on August 1, 1834, when the law went into effect, was required to serve an apprenticeship of four years in the case of domestics and six years in the case of field hands}}</ref> Legally frees 700,000 in the [[West Indies]], 20,000 in [[Mauritius]], and 40,000 in [[South Africa]]. The exceptions are the territories controlled by the [[East India Company]] and [[Sri Lanka|Ceylon]].<ref>Finkelman and Miller, ''Macmillan Encyclopedia of World Slavery'' 1:293</ref> |- |{{flagcountry|July Monarchy}} || French Society for the Abolition of Slavery founded in Paris.<ref>[http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CLT/pdf/Nelly_Schmidt_Eng_01.pdf Nelly Schmidt: Slavery and its Abolition, French colonies, Research and Transmission of Knowledge] ''unesco.org'', accessed 30 August 2019</ref> |- |rowspan="4"|1835 || {{flag|Principality of Serbia|name=Serbia}} || Freedom granted to all slaves in the moment they step on Serb soil.<ref>Serbian: {{cite web|url=http://serbum.com/?p%3D1253 |title=Сретењски устав – Устав Књажества Сербије |trans-title= Sretenski Constitution – Constitution of the Principality of Serbia|access-date=2013-06-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213301/http://serbum.com/?p=1253 |archive-date=4 October 2013 }}</ref> |- |{{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}<br />{{flagcountry|July Monarchy}} || rowspan=2|Bilateral treaties abolishing the slave trade.<ref name="britleg" /> |- |{{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}<br />{{flag|Denmark}} |- |{{flag|Peru|1825}} || A decree of [[Felipe Santiago Salaverry]] re-legalizes the importation of slaves from other [[Latin America]]n countries. The line "no slave shall enter Peru without becoming free" is taken out of the Constitution in 1839.<ref>''Código Civil de 1852: Lo nacional y lo importado,'' by César Luna Victoria León.</ref> |- |1836 || {{flag|Portugal|1830}} || Prime Minister [[Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, 1st Marquis of Sá da Bandeira|Sá da Bandeira]] bans the transatlantic slave trade and the importation and exportation of slaves to or from the Portuguese colonies south of the equator. |- |1837 || {{flag|Spain|1785}} || Slavery abolished outside of the colonies.<ref name="artic1"/> |- |1838 || {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} || Most slaves in the colonies become free after a period of forced apprenticeship following the Slavery Abolition Act 1833. Society for the Mitigation and Gradual Abolition of Slavery Throughout the British Dominions (now London Anti-Slavery Society) winds up. |- |rowspan="3"|1839 || {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} || The [[British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society]] (after several changes, now known as Anti-Slavery International) is founded. |- |{{Flagicon image|Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg}} [[East India Company]]|| The [[Indian indenture system]] is abolished in territories controlled by the company, but this is reversed in 1842. |- | {{flagicon|Papal States}} [[Catholic Church]] || [[Pope Gregory XVI]]'s ''[[In supremo apostolatus]]'' resoundingly condemns slavery and the slave trade. |- |rowspan="3"|1840 || {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}<br />{{flag|Venezuela|1836}} || Bilateral treaty abolishing the slave trade. |- |{{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} || First [[World Anti-Slavery Convention]] meets in [[London]]. |- |{{flagcountry|New Zealand|1834}} || Taking slaves banned by [[Treaty of Waitangi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theprow.org.nz/maori/slavery-in-colonial-times/|title=Slavery in Colonial Times|date=2010|access-date=27 May 2025|archive-date=21 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521000057/https://www.theprow.org.nz/maori/slavery-in-colonial-times|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |rowspan="2"|1841 || {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}<br />{{flagcountry|July Monarchy}}<br />{{flag|Russia}}<br />{{flag|Prussia|1803}}<br />{{flagicon|Austrian Empire}} [[Austrian Empire|Austria]] || [[Treaty for the Suppression of the African Slave Trade|Quintuple Treaty]] agreeing to suppress the slave trade.<ref name="timeline"/> |- |{{flag|United States|1837}} || ''[[United States v. The Amistad]]'' finds that the slaves of ''[[La Amistad]]'' were illegally enslaved and were legally allowed, as free men, to fight their captors by any means necessary. |- |rowspan="2"|1842 || {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}<br />{{flag|Portugal|1830}} || Bilateral treaty extending the enforcement of the slave trade ban to Portuguese ships south of the Equator. |- |{{flag|Paraguay|1842}} || Law for the gradual abolition of slavery passed.<ref name="artic1"/> |- | rowspan="6" |1843 |{{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} |[[Slave Trade Act 1843]] |- |{{Flagicon image|Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg}} [[East India Company]]|| The [[Indian Slavery Act, 1843]], Act V abolishes slavery in territories controlled by the company. |- |{{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}<br />{{flag|Uruguay}} || rowspan="4" | Bilateral treaties abolishing the slave trade.<ref name="britleg" /> |- |{{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}<br />{{flag|Mexico|1824}} |- |{{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}<br />{{flag|Chile}} |- |{{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}<br />[[File:Flag of Bolivia (state, 1826-1851).svg|23px]] [[Bolivia]] |- | rowspan="4" |1844 || {{flag|Moldavia}} || [[Mihail Sturdza]] abolishes slavery in Moldavia. |- |{{flag|Kingdom of Hungary}} |The serfs were given the [[Right to property|Right to Property]]. But until the [[April Laws]], they were subject to different taxes and legal procedures (jus gladii) than burghers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A jobbágyfelszabadítás |url=https://rubicon.hu/cikkek/a-jobbagyfelszabaditas |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Rubicon |language=hu}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Paraguay|1844}} || Slave trade abolished.<ref name="artic1"/> |- |{{flag|Dominican Republic|1844}} ||[[Dominican Republic]] declares independence from [[Haiti]]; abolition of slavery reinforced.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hoy.com.do/la-abolicion-de-la-esclavitud-en-la-independencia-dominicana-y-de-las-americas/ |title=La abolición de la esclavitud en la independencia dominicana y de las Américas |website=Hoy |language=es |first=Amaurys |last=Pérez Vargas |date=3 September 2022 |access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> |- |rowspan="2"|1845 || {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} || 36 [[Royal Navy]] ships assigned to the Anti-Slavery Squadron, making it one of the largest fleets in the world. |- |[[File:Seal of Illinois.svg|23px]] [[Illinois]] || In ''Jarrot v. Jarrot,'' the [[Illinois Supreme Court]] frees the last indentured ex-slaves in [[History of slavery in Illinois|the state]] who were born after the Northwest Ordinance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.freedomtrails2legacies.org/slavery.htm |title=Slavery in Illinois: How and Why the Underground Railroad Existed |last1=Dexter |first1=Darrel |date=2004 |website=Freedom Trails: Legacies of Hope |publisher=Illinois Freedom Trail Commission |access-date=6 February 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204033514/http://freedomtrails2legacies.org/slavery.htm |archive-date=4 February 2016 }}</ref> |- |1846 || {{flag|Tunisia}} || Slavery abolished in Tunisia under [[Ahmad I ibn Mustafa|Ahmed Bey]] rule.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/memory-of-the-world/register/full-list-of-registered-heritage/registered-heritage-page-1/the-abolition-of-slavery-in-tunisia-1841-1846/|title=The Abolition of Slavery in Tunisia 1841–1846 &#124; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> |- |rowspan="4"|1847 || {{flag|Ottoman Empire}} ||[[Suppression of the slave trade in the Persian Gulf]]: slave trade from Africa (via the Persian Gulf route) abolished.<ref>{{cite book|author=Ehûd R. Tôledānô|title=Slavery and Abolition in the Ottoman Middle East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H7p_S58y2BUC&pg=PA11|year=1998|page=11|publisher=University of Washington Press |isbn=9780295802428}}</ref> |- |{{Flagicon image|Swedish norwegian union flag.svg}} [[Swedish colony of Saint Barthélemy|Saint Barthélemy]]|| Last slaves freed.<ref name="nordic">Cobb, Thomas Read Rootes. ''An Inquiry into the Law of Negro Slavery in the United States of America: To which is Prefixed An Historical Sketch of Slavery'', 1858. Page cxcii.</ref> |- |{{flag|Pennsylvania}} || The last indentured ex-slaves, born before 1780 (fewer than 100 in the 1840 census<ref>1840 US Census, Pennsylvania</ref>) are freed. |- |{{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Danish West Indies]] || Royal edict ruling the freedom of children born from female slaves and the total abolition of slavery after 12 years. Dissatisfaction causes a slave rebellion in [[Saint Croix]] the next year. |- | rowspan="6" |1848 || {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Hungary]]|| The [[April Laws|April laws]] completely abolished serfdom in [[Hungarian State|Hungary]] (excluding Transylvania) and Croatia. |- |{{flagicon|Austrian Empire}} [[Austrian Empire|Austria]] |Serfdom abolished.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=Kevin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OSsCocp6p8YC&pg=PA77 |title=Marx at the margins: on nationalism, ethnicity, and non-western societies |date=15 May 2010 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-01983-3 |page=77 |access-date=30 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Smith |first=William Frank |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WM8c8VdqCV8C&pg=PA65 |title=Catholic Church Milestones: People and Events That Shaped the Institutional Church |date=November 2010 |publisher=Dog Ear Publishing |isbn=978-1-60844-821-0 |page=65 |access-date=30 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Kamusella |first=Tomasz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lt3WuwSbItAC&pg=PA73 |title=Silesia and Central European nationalisms: the emergence of national and ethnic groups in Prussian Silesia and Austrian Silesia, 1848–1918 |publisher=Purdue University Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-55753-371-5 |page=73 |access-date=30 January 2012}}</ref> |- |{{flagcountry|French Second Republic}} || Slavery abolished in the colonies. [[Gabon]] is founded as a settlement for emancipated slaves. |- |{{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Danish West Indies]] || Governor [[Peter von Scholten]] declares the immediate and total emancipation of all slaves in an attempt to end the slave revolt. For this he is recalled and tried for treason, but the charges are later dropped.<ref name="timeline"/><ref name="nordic"/><ref>Bricka, C.F. (1901). Dansk Biografisk Lexikon. Copenhagen: Gyldendal. pp. 255–256.</ref> |- |{{flag|Denmark}} || Last remains of the [[Stavnsbånd]] effectively abolished. |- |{{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}<br />{{flagicon|Muscat}} [[Muscat and Oman]] || rowspan=2|Bilateral treaties abolishing the slave trade.<ref name="britleg" /> |- |rowspan="2"|1849 || {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}<br />{{flag|Trucial States}} |- |{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Sierra Leone]] || The Royal Navy destroys the slave factory of [[Lomboko]]. |} ==1850–1899== {{gallery | height=100 | align=center | File:Gordon, scourged back, NPG, 1863.jpg|Medical examination photo of [[Gordon (slave)|Gordon]] showing his scourged back, widely distributed by Abolitionists to expose the brutality of slavery}} {| class=wikitable |- ! Date ! Jurisdiction ! Description |- |rowspan="2"|1850 || {{flag|United States|1848}} || The [[Fugitive Slave Law of 1850]] requires the return of escaped slaves to their owners regardless of the state they are in. |- |{{flagicon|Empire of Brazil}} [[Empire of Brazil|Brazil]] || [[Eusébio de Queirós Law]] (Law 581 of 4 September 1850) criminalizing the maritime slave trade as piracy, and imposing other criminal sanctions on the importation of slaves (already banned in 1831).<ref>{{cite book|author=David T. Haberly|title=Abolitionism in Brazil: Anti-slavery and anti-slave|publisher=Luso-Brazilian|year=1972|pages=30–46}}</ref> |- |rowspan="5"|1851 |{{flagicon|Empire of Brazil}} [[Brazil]] {{flag|Uruguay}} |Bilateral treaty of 12 October, Uruguay accepts returning to Brazil the escaped slaves from that country. Brazilians who owned land in Uruguay were allowed to have slaves in their properties. |- |[[Taiping Heavenly Kingdom]]|| Slavery nominally abolished along with opium, gambling, polygamy and [[foot binding]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/texts/taiping.html |title=Chinese Cultural Studies: The Taiping Rebellion, 1851–1864 |access-date=2015-11-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201013616/http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/texts/taiping.html |archive-date=1 December 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://factsanddetails.com/china/cat2/sub4/item54.html|title=TAIPING REBELLION – Facts and Details |first=Jeffrey |last=Hays |website=factsanddetails.com|access-date=21 March 2018}}</ref><ref>[http://www.olemiss.edu/courses/inst203/taiping.txt Lester K. Buehler, Ph.D: A Study of the Taiping Rebellion] ''olemiss.edu'', accessed 30 August 2019</ref> |- |[[File:Flag of New Granada.svg|23px]] [[Republic of New Granada|New Granada]] || Slavery abolished.<ref name="aguilera" /> After years of laws that only purported a partial advancement towards abolition, President [[José Hilario López]] pushed Congress to pass total abolition on 21 May. Former owners were compensated with government issued bonds.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Tovar Pinzón|first=Hermes|date=November 1994|title=La manumisión de esclavos en Colombia, 1809– 1851, Aspectos sociales, económicos y políticos|work=Revista Credencial|url=https://www.banrepcultural.org/biblioteca-virtual/credencial-historia/numero-59/la-manumision-de-esclavos-en-colombia-1809-1851|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Ecuador|1845}} || Slavery abolished in the country by [[José María Urvina]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediadelecuador.com/historia-del-ecuador/esclavitud/|title=Esclavitud – Historia del Ecuador – Enciclopedia Del Ecuador|date=28 March 2016|website=enciclopediadelecuador.com|access-date=21 March 2018}}</ref> |- |[[Lagos]] || [[Reduction of Lagos]]: The British capture the city of [[Lagos]] and replace King [[Kosoko]] with [[Akitoye]] because of the former's refusal to ban the [[Slavery in Africa|slave trade]]. |- |rowspan="2"|1852 || {{flagicon|Hawaii}} [[Kingdom of Hawaii|Hawaii]] || [[1852 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii|1852 Constitution]] officially declared slavery illegal.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wong |first1=Helen |last2=Rayson |first2=Ann |title=Hawaii's Royal History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sY8iLDyCltMC |year=1987 |publisher=Bess Press |location=Honolulu |isbn=978-0-935848-48-9 |page=101}}</ref> |- |{{flag|United Kingdom}}<br />[[Lagos]] || [[Treaty Between Great Britain and Lagos, 1 January 1852|Bilateral treaty]] banning the slave trade and [[human sacrifice]]. |- |1853 || {{flagicon|Argentine Confederation}} [[Argentine Confederation|Argentina]] || Slavery abolished with the sanction of a new federal Constitution.<ref>{{cite book|author=Robert J. Cottrol|title=The Long, Lingering Shadow: Slavery, Race, and Law in the American Hemisphere|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xcv0b9Ym43cC&pg=PA121|year=2013|publisher=University of Georgia Press|page=121|isbn=9780820344058}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |1854 || {{flag|Peru|1825}} || Slavery abolished by [[Ramón Castilla]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Jorge Basadre|title=Historia de la República del Perú. 1822 – 1933|year=1998|orig-year=First published 1939|publisher=Ricardo Parma University Press|volume=4|edition=8th|pages=833–835|language=es}}</ref><ref name="timeline"/> |- |{{flag|Ottoman Empire}} || The [[Firman of 1854]] prohibit the [[Circassian slave trade]].<ref name="Global Slavery Throughout History 2023 p536"/> |- |{{flag|Venezuela|1836}} || Slavery abolished.<ref name="timeline"/><ref name="aguilera" /> |- |1855 || {{flag|Moldavia}} || rowspan="2" | Slavery abolished. |- |1856 || {{flag|Wallachia}} |- |rowspan="2"|1857 || {{flag|United States|1851}} || ''[[Dred Scott v. Sandford]]'' rules that black slaves and their descendants cannot gain [[Citizenship of the United States|American citizenship]] and are not entitled to freedom even if they live in a [[Slave states and free states|free state]] for years. |- |{{Flagicon image|Flag of Egypt (1844-1867).svg}} [[Egypt Eyalet|Egypt]]|| [[Firman of 1857]] banning the trade of [[Demographics of Africa|Black African]] ([[Zanj]]) slaves.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}} |- |1857 || {{flag|Ottoman Empire}} || The [[Firman of 1857]] prohibit the African slave trade.<ref name="Global Slavery Throughout History 2023 p536"/> |- |1858 || {{flag|United Kingdom}} || British government takes direct control of all land owned by the East India Company, making previously East India Company directly managed territory subject to the slavery laws applicable in the rest of the British Empire. |- |rowspan="3"|1859 || [[Atlantic Ocean]] || Definitive suppression of the [[Atlantic slave trade|transatlantic slave trade]]. |- |{{flag|United States|1859}} || The [[Wyandotte Constitution]] establishes the future state of [[Kansas]] as a free state, after [[Bleeding Kansas|four years of armed conflict]] between [[Border Ruffian|pro-slavery]] and [[Free-Stater (Kansas)|anti-slavery]] groups in the territory. [[Southern United States|Southern]] dominance in the [[Senate of the United States|U.S. Senate]] delays the admission of Kansas as a state until 1861. |- | {{Flag|Russia}} || [[Kazakh people|Kazakhs]] banned from having slaves, although slavery persists in some areas through the rest of the century.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/sympo/97summer/galiev.html |title=Traditional Institutions in Modern Kazakhstan |access-date=10 July 2018 |archive-date=4 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904124830/http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/sympo/97summer/galiev.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{better source needed|date=July 2018}} |- | 1860 || {{flag|United States|1859}} |Last known [[slave ship]] to unload illegally on U.S. territory, the ''[[Clotilda (slave ship)|Clotilda]]''. |- |rowspan="3"|1861 || {{flag|Russia}} || The [[Emancipation reform of 1861]] abolishes serfdom.<ref>Peter Kolchin, ''Unfree Labor'' (1987)</ref> |- |{{flag|United States|1861}} || The election of [[Abraham Lincoln]] leads to the attempted secession of [[Confederate States of America|eleven slaveholding states]] and the [[American Civil War]]. |- |{{flag|United Kingdom}}<br />[[British India]] || [[Indian Penal Code]] explicitly prohibits slavery in British administered territory. |- | rowspan="4" |1862 |{{flag|United States|1861}} |Congress passes the [[District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act]], freeing all slaves in the [[Washington, D.C.|District of Columbia]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-10-06 |title=The District of Columbia Emancipation Act |url=https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured-documents/dc-emancipation-act |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=National Archives |language=en}}</ref> |- | {{flag|United States|1861}}<br />{{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} || Bilateral treaty abolishing the slave trade (African Slave Trade Treaty Act).<ref name="britleg" /> |- |{{flagicon|Spain|1785}} [[Spanish Cuba]] || Slave trade abolished.<ref name="timeline"/> |- | {{flag|United States|1861}} || [[Nathaniel Gordon]] becomes the only person hanged in U.S. history "for being engaged in the slave trade". |- |rowspan="4"|1863 || {{flag|Netherlands}} || Slavery abolished in the colonies, emancipating 33,000 slaves in [[Surinam (Dutch colony)|Surinam]], 12,000 in [[Curaçao and Dependencies]],<ref>Finkelman and Miller, ''Macmillan Encyclopedia of World Slavery'' 2:637</ref> and an indeterminate number in the [[Dutch East Indies|East Indies]]. |- |{{flag|United States|1863}} || Lincoln issues the [[Emancipation Proclamation]], freeing all slaves in [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]]-controlled areas. Most slaves in [[border states (American Civil War)|"border states"]] are freed by state action, and a separate law frees the slaves in [[Washington, D.C.]] |- |{{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Iceland]] || Exemptions introduced to serfdom under the [[Vistarband]] system. |- |{{flag|Chatham Islands}} || Slavery abolished.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1= Davis|first1= Denise|last2= Solomon|first2= Māui|encyclopedia= [[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]]|title= Moriori – The impact of new arrivals|url= https://teara.govt.nz/en/moriori/page-4}}</ref> |- |1864 ||{{Flagicon image|Military ensign of Vistula Flotilla of Congress Poland.svg}} [[Congress Poland]]||[[Abolition of serfdom in Poland|Serfdom abolished.]]<ref>Juliusz Bardach, Boguslaw Lesnodorski, and Michal Pietrzak, ''Historia panstwa i prawa polskiego'', > *Warsaw: Paristwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1987, pp. 389–394</ref> |- |rowspan="3"|1865 || {{flag|United States|1865}} || Slavery and involuntary servitude abolished, except as punishment for crime, by the [[Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]]. It frees all remaining slaves, about 40,000, in the border slave states that did not secede.<ref>Michael Vorenberg, ''Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment'' (2004)</ref> Thirty out of thirty-six states vote to ratify it; [[New Jersey]], [[Delaware]], [[Kentucky]], and [[Mississippi]] vote against. Mississippi does not officially ratify it until 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/headlines/2013/02/mississippi-officially-abolishes-slavery-ratifies-13th-amendment/|title=Mississippi Officially Abolishes Slavery, Ratifies 13th Amendment|author=Ben Waldron|publisher=ABC News|date=18 February 2013|access-date=23 April 2013|archive-date=27 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627203637/https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/headlines/2013/02/mississippi-officially-abolishes-slavery-ratifies-13th-amendment/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Republic of Texas|1839|name=Texas}} || [[Juneteenth]]: U.S. General [[Gordon Granger]] proclaims the end of slavery in [[Galveston]]. |- |{{flag|Spain|1785}} || Spanish Abolitionist Society founded in [[Madrid]] by [[Julio Vizcarrondo]], [[José Julián Acosta]] and [[:ca:Joaquim Maria Sanromà|Joaquín Sanromá]].<ref name="artic1"/> |- |rowspan=3|1866 || {{flagicon|Oklahoma|1925}} [[Oklahoma]] || Slavery abolished.<ref>{{cite book| last=Hornsby | first=Alton Jr. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bqIJ278VHuwC&pg=PA127 |title=A Companion to African-American History |year=2008 |page=127 | publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9781405137355 |access-date=2013-08-28}}</ref> U.S. government treaties with the [[Five Civilized Tribes|Five Tribes]] that governed the [[Indian Territory]], which previously allied with the Confederacy, required them to abolish slavery for renewed U.S. recognition of their continued independence. |- | [[File:Iowa-StateSeal.svg|20px]] [[Iowa]] || rowspan=2|Thirteenth Amendment ratified. |- | {{flag|New Jersey}} |- |rowspan="2"|1867 || {{flag|Spain|1785}} || Law of Repression and Punishment of the Slave Trade.<ref name="artic1"/> |- |{{flag|United States|1865}} || [[Peonage Act of 1867]], mostly targeting use of Native American peons in [[New Mexico Territory]]. Slavery among native tribes in Alaska was abolished after the purchase from Russia in 1867.<ref>{{cite book|author=Leland Donald |title=Aboriginal Slavery on the Northwest Coast of North America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QRHLy4xwcboC&pg=PA244 |year=1997 |page=244 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=9780520918115}}</ref> |- |1868 || {{flagicon|Spain|1785}} [[Spanish Cuba]] || [[Carlos Manuel de Céspedes]] and other independence leaders free their slaves and proclaim the independence of Cuba, starting the [[Ten Years War]]. |- |rowspan="2"|1869 || {{flag|Portugal|1830}} || [[Louis I of Portugal|Louis I]] abolishes slavery in all Portuguese territories and colonies. |- || {{flag|Paraguay}} || Slavery abolished. |- |rowspan=2|1870 || {{flag|Spain|1785}} || Amidst great opposition from the Cuban and Puerto Rican planters, [[Segismundo Moret]] drafts a "Law of Free Wombs" that frees children of slaves, slaves older than 65 years, and slaves serving in the [[Spanish Army]], beginning in 1872.<ref name="artic1"/> |- | {{flag|Republic of Texas|1839|name=Texas}} || Thirteenth Amendment ratified. |- | rowspan="2" |1871 || {{flagicon|Empire of Brazil}} [[Empire of Brazil|Brazil]] || [[Rio Branco Law]] (Law of Free Birth) declares the children born to slave mothers free.<ref>Robert E. Conrad, ''The destruction of Brazilian slavery, 1850–1888'' (1972) p. 106</ref> |- |{{flag|Japan|1870}} |[[Abolition of the han system]] or Japanese feudalism. |- | rowspan="3" |1873 |{{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} |[[Slave Trade Act 1873]] |- |{{Flagicon image|Flag of Puerto Rico (1873–1875).svg}} [[Puerto Rico]]|| Slavery abolished. |- |{{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}<br />{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Sultanate of Zanzibar.svg}} [[Sultanate of Zanzibar|Zanzibar]]<br />{{Flagicon image|Merina Kingdom flag.svg}} [[Merina Kingdom|Madagascar]]|| Triple treaty abolishing the slave trade.<ref name="britleg" /> |- |1874 || {{flag|Gold Coast}} || Slavery abolished.<ref>Suzanne Miers and Richard L. Roberts, ''The End of slavery in Africa'' (1988) p. 79</ref> |- |1877 || {{flagicon|Khedivate of Egypt}} [[Khedivate of Egypt|Egypt]] || The [[Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention]] abolishes the slave trade gradually in 1877–1884. This also gradually abolishes [[Slavery in Egypt|slavery itself]] over the next decades. |- |1879 || {{flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Principality of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] || Slavery abolished with independence. The Constitution states that any slave that enters Bulgarian territory is immediately freed. |- |1880 || {{flag|Ottoman Empire}} || The [[Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1880]] prohibit the [[Red Sea slave trade]] and give the British the right to stop all slave ships in Ottoman waters.<ref name="Global Slavery Throughout History 2023 p536"/> |- |1882 || {{flag|Ottoman Empire}} || A [[firman]] emancipates all slaves, white and black.<ref>Y. Hakan Erdem, ''Slavery in the Ottoman Empire and Its Demise, 1800–1909'' (1998).</ref> |- |1884 || {{flag|Cambodia|1863}} || Slavery abolished. |- |1885 || {{flagicon|Empire of Brazil}} [[Empire of Brazil|Brazil]] || [[Saraiva-Cotegipe Law]] passed, freeing all slaves over the age of 60 and creating other measures for the gradual abolition of slavery, such as a Manumissions Fund administered by the State. |- |1886 || {{flagicon|Spain|1785}} [[Spanish Cuba]] || Slavery abolished.<ref name="timeline"/> |- |1888 || {{flagicon|Empire of Brazil}} [[Empire of Brazil|Brazil]] || [[Lei Áurea|Slavery abolished]].<ref>Finkelman and Miller, ''Macmillan Encyclopedia of World Slavery'' 1:124</ref> |- |1889 || {{flagicon|Kingdom of Italy}} [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]] || An Italian court finds that [[Josephine Bakhita]] was never legally enslaved according to Italian, British, or Egyptian law and is a free woman. |- |1889 || {{flag|Ottoman Empire}} || The [[Kanunname of 1889]] prohibit the African slavery and slave trade in the Ottoman Empire.<ref>Erdem, Y. (1996). Slavery in the Ottoman Empire and Its Demise 1800-1909. Storbritannien: Palgrave Macmillan UK. 144</ref> |- |1890 || {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}<br />{{flag|France}}<br />{{flagicon|Germany|empire}} [[German Empire|Germany]]<br />{{flag|Portugal|1830}}<br />{{flagicon|Congo Free State}} [[Congo Free State|Congo]]<br />{{flagicon|Kingdom of Italy}} [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]]<br />{{flag|Spain|1785}}<br />{{flag|Netherlands}}<br />{{flag|Belgium}}<br />{{flag|Russia}}<br />{{flag|Austria-Hungary}}<br />{{Flagicon image|Union Jack of Sweden and Norway (1844-1905).svg}} [[Union between Sweden and Norway|Sweden-Norway]]<br />{{flag|Denmark}}<br />{{flag|United States|1890}}<br />{{flag|Ottoman Empire}}<br />{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Sultanate of Zanzibar.svg}} [[Sultanate of Zanzibar|Zanzibar]] {{Flagicon image|Tricolour Flag of Iran (1886).svg}} [[Qajar dynasty|Persia]] |[[Brussels Conference Act of 1890|Brussels Conference Act]] – a collection of anti-slavery measures to put an end to the slave trade on land and sea, especially in the [[Congo Basin]], the Ottoman Empire, and the [[East Africa]]n coast. |- |rowspan=2|1894 || {{flagicon|Korean Empire}} [[Joseon|Korea]] || Slavery abolished, but it survives in practice until 1930.<ref>{{cite book|author=Junius P. Rodriguez|title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |url-access=registration|year=1997|publisher=ABC-CLIO|page=xxiii|isbn=9780874368857 }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Iceland]] || [[Vistarband]] effectively abolished (but not de jure). |- |1895 || {{flagicon|Taiwan|japan}} [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Taiwan]] || Taiwan is annexed by Japan, where slavery has been abolished. |- |rowspan=2|1895 || [[File:Flag of Muhammad Ali.svg|23px]] [[Khedivate of Egypt|Egypt]] || Slavery abolished.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://treaties.fco.gov.uk/docs/fullnames/pdf/1895/TS0016%20(1895)%201895%2021%20NOV,%20CAIRO%3B%20CONVENTION%20BETWEEN%20GB%20AND%20EGYPT%20FOR%20THE%20SUPPRESSION%20OF%20SLAVERY%20AND%20THE%20SLAVE%20TRADE.pdf |title=Convention between Great Brittain and Egypt |access-date=6 March 2017 |archive-date=9 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709170319/http://treaties.fco.gov.uk/docs/fullnames/pdf/1895/TS0016%20(1895)%201895%2021%20NOV,%20CAIRO%3B%20CONVENTION%20BETWEEN%20GB%20AND%20EGYPT%20FOR%20THE%20SUPPRESSION%20OF%20SLAVERY%20AND%20THE%20SLAVE%20TRADE.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italian Somaliland}} || First slaves freed<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hartfordinfo.org/issues/wsd/immigrants/somali_bantu.pdf|title=The Somali Bantu Their History and Culture}}</ref> |- |1896 ||{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Madagascar Protectorate (1885-1896).svg}} [[Malagasy Protectorate|Madagascar]]|| Slavery abolished. |- |rowspan="3"|1897 || [[File:Flag of Zanzibar Under British Rule.svg|23px]] [[Sultanate of Zanzibar|Zanzibar]] || Slavery abolished<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www7.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051001033344/http://www7.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 October 2005 |title=Swahili Coast |work=National Geographic |date=2002-10-17 |access-date=2013-08-28}}</ref> except in the case of [[concubinage in Islam|concubines]] (abolished in 1909<ref>The End of Slavery in Africa. (1988). USA: University of Wisconsin Press. 23</ref>). |- |{{flagicon|Thailand|1855}} [[Siam]] || Slave trade abolished.<ref name="Baker">Baker, Chris; Pasuk Phongpaichit. ''A History of Thailand'', Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006, p. 61.</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} [[Bassora]] || Children of freedmen issued separate certificates of liberation to avoid enslavement and separation from their parents.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}} |- |1899 || {{flagicon|France|variant=1794}} [[Ndzuwani]]|| Slavery abolished. |} ==1900–1949== {| class=wikitable |- ! Date ! Jurisdiction ! Description |- |1900 || {{flagicon|USA}} [[Guam]] || Slavery abolished 22 February 1900, by proclamation of Richard P. Leary.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Affairs in America|journal=CyclopeReview of Current History|date=1901|volume=10: 1900|publisher=Current History Co|page=54|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZU4DAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> |- |1901 || {{flag|Delaware}} || Thirteenth Amendment ratified. |- |1902 || {{flagicon image|Reichskolonialflagge.svg}} [[German Cameroon|Cameroon]] || Gradual abolition of slavery.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cecult.ifch.unicamp.br/pf-cecult/public-files/projetos/9585/eckert._slavery_in_colonial_cameroon_1998.pdf|title=Slavery in Colonial Cameroon, 1880s to 1930s}}</ref> |- |1903 || {{flag|French Sudan}} || "[[Slavery in Mali#French control|Slave]]" no longer used as an administrative category. |- |rowspan=2|1904 || {{flag|United Kingdom}}<br />{{flag|Germany|empire}}<br />{{flag|Denmark}}<br />{{flag|Spain|1785}}<br />{{flag|France}}<br />{{flagicon|Kingdom of Italy}} [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]]<br />{{flag|Netherlands}}<br />{{flag|Portugal|1830}}<br />{{flag|Russia}} || [[International Agreement for the suppression of the White Slave Traffic]] signed in Paris. Only France, the Netherlands and Russia extend the treaty to the whole extent of their colonial empires with immediate effect, and Italy extends it to [[Eritrea]] but not to [[Italian Somaliland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/instree/whiteslavetraffic1904.html|title=University of Minnesota Human Rights Library|website=hrlibrary.umn.edu|access-date=21 March 2018}}</ref> |- | {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Kenya_(1895–1921).svg}} [[British East Africa]] || Slavery abolished.<ref name=afr>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283055675|title=SLAVERY AND THE SLAVE TRADE IN EASTERN AFRICA|website=ResearchGate}}</ref> |- |1905 || {{flag|French West Africa}} || [[Slavery in Mali#French control|Slavery formally abolished]]. Though up to one million slaves gain their freedom, slavery continues to exist in practice for decades afterward. |- |rowspan="2"|1906 || {{flag|Qing Dynasty|name=China}}|| Slavery abolished beginning on 31 January 1910. Adult slaves are converted into hired laborers and the minors freed upon reaching age 25.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24160 |title=Historical survey > Ways of ending slavery |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=2013-08-28}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Barotseland}} || Slavery abolished.<ref>{{Cite thesis|url=https://kar.kent.ac.uk/48707/|title=The ends of slavery in Barotseland, Western Zambia (c.1800–1925)|first=Jack|last=Hogan|date=26 August 2014|publisher=University of Kent|type=phd|via=kar.kent.ac.uk}}</ref> |- |rowspan="2"|1908 || {{flag|Ottoman Empire}} || The [[Young Turk Revolution]] eradicates the open trade of Zanj and Circassian women from [[Constantinople]].<ref>Levy, Reuben (1957). The Social Structure of Islam. UK: Cambridge University Press.</ref> |- | {{flag|Congo Free State}} ||[[Belgium]] annexes the [[Congo Free State]], ending the practice of slavery there. |- |1912 || {{flagicon|Thailand|1855}} [[Siam]] || Slavery abolished.<ref name="Baker"/> |- |1915 || {{flagicon|Malaysia|1895}} [[British Malaya]] || Slavery abolished.<ref name=dat>{{Cite web|url=http://www.americanabolitionists.com/international-abolition-and-anti-slavery-timeline.html|title=International Abolition and Anti-Slavery Timeline American Abolitionists and Antislavery Activists|website=americanabolitionists.com}}</ref> |- |1917 ||{{Flag|British Raj}}|| Indian indenture system abolished.<ref>{{cite news|title=The legacy of Indian migration to European colonies|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21727896-century-after-india-ended-system-indentured-labour-its-diaspora-building|access-date=2 September 2017|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=2 September 2017}}</ref> |- |1918 ||{{Flag|United States}}|| Supreme Court rules in ''[[Arver v. United States]]'' that the 13th Amendment prohibition against involuntary servitude does not apply to conscription. The government can constitutionally force people to serve in the military against their will. |- |1919 || {{Flag|Tanganyika}} || Slavery abolished.<ref name = afr/> |- |1922 || {{flag|Morocco}} || [[Slavery in Morocco|Slave trade abolished]], slave holding remained legal.<ref name="Goodman, R. David 2012">Goodman, R. David. 2012. "Demystifying 'Islamic Slavery': Using Legal Practices to Reconstruct the End of Slavery in Fes, Morocco." History in Africa 39: 143–74.</ref> |- |rowspan="3"|1923 || {{flag|Afghanistan|1919}} || [[Slavery in Afghanistan|Slavery abolished]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afghangovernment.com/Constitution1923.htm |title=Afghan Constitution: 1923 |publisher=Afghangovernment.com |access-date=2013-08-28}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Florida}} || Convict lease abolished after the death of [[Martin Tabert]], who was whipped for being too ill to work.{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}} |- |{{Flag|British Hong Kong|1876|name=Hong Kong}}|| Slavery of [[Mui tsai]] abolished. |- |rowspan="4"|1924 || {{flagicon|Kingdom of Iraq}} [[Kingdom of Iraq|Iraq]] || [[Slavery in Iraq|Slavery abolished]].<ref>Human Trafficking: Exploring the International Nature, Concerns, and Complexities. (2012). Storbritannien: Taylor & Francis. p. 21</ref> |- |{{flagicon image|Flag of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.svg}} [[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan]] || Slavery abolished<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/p/af/rls/rpt/2002/10445.htm|title=Slavery, Abduction and Forced Servitude in Sudan|first=Bureau of Public Affairs|last=Department of State. The Office of Electronic Information|website=2001-2009.state.gov}}</ref> |- |{{flag|League of Nations}} || [[Temporary Slavery Commission]] appointed. |- |{{flag|Turkey}} || [[Slavery in Turkey|Slavery abolished]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MnysBwAAQBAJ&q=slavery+turkey+1924&pg=PT1329 |title=Encyclopedia of Emancipation and Abolition in the Transatlantic World |date= 26 March 2015|isbn=9781317471790 |access-date=2019-05-17|last1=Rodriguez |first1=Junius P. |publisher=Routledge }}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |1926 || {{flag|Nepal|old}} || [[Slavery in Nepal|Slavery abolished]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1926/08/30/archives/slavery-in-nepal-is-finally-abolished-more-than-55000-are-freed.html|title=Slavery in Nepal Is Finally Abolished; More Than 55,000 Are Freed From Bondage|first=Special Cable to THE NEW YORK|last=TIMES|newspaper=The New York Times|date=30 August 1926}}</ref> |- |{{flag|League of Nations}} || [[1926 Slavery Convention|Convention to Suppress the Slave Trade and Slavery]]. |- | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[British Burma]] || Slavery abolished.<ref name=dat/> |- |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |[[Law of Property Act 1925]]. |- |rowspan="2"|1927 || {{flag|Spain|1785}} || [[1926 Slavery Convention]] ratified. |- |{{flag|United Kingdom}}<br />{{flagicon|Nejd}} [[Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz|Nejd]]<br />{{Flag|Kingdom of Hejaz|1920|name=Hejaz}}||[[Treaty of Jeddah (1927)]] abolishing the slave trade. |- |rowspan="2"|1928 ||{{Flagicon image|Flag of Sierra Leone 1916-1961.gif}} [[Sierra Leone]]|| Abolition of domestic slavery practised by local African elites.<ref>{{cite web|author=The Committee Office, House of Commons |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmselect/cmintdev/923/923m21.htm |title=House of Commons – International Development – Memoranda |publisher=Publications.parliament.uk |date=2006-03-06 |access-date=2013-08-28}}</ref> Although established as a place for freed slaves, a study found practices of domestic slavery still widespread in rural areas in the 1970s.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}} |- |{{flag|Alabama}} || Convict lease abolished, the last state in the Union to do so. |- |1929 ||{{Flag|Persia|1910}}|| [[Slavery in Iran|Slavery abolished]] and criminalized.<ref> {{cite court |litigants =Law for prohibition of slave trade and liberation of slaves at the point of entry |vol =1 |reporter = Iranian National Parliament |opinion =7 |pinpoint = Page 156 |date =1929 |url= http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/91872}} </ref> |- | rowspan="3" |1930 || rowspan="3" | {{flag|League of Nations}} || [[Forced Labour Convention]]. |- |Forced Labour (Indirect Compulsion) Recommendation |- |Forced Labour (Regulation) Recommendation |- |1932 || {{flag|League of Nations}} || [[Committee of Experts on Slavery]] appointed. |- |1934 || {{flag|League of Nations}} || [[Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery]] appointed. |- |1935 || {{flagicon|Ethiopian Empire}} [[Ethiopian Empire|Ethiopia]] || The invading Italian General [[Emilio De Bono]] claims to have abolished slavery in the [[Ethiopian Empire]].<ref>Barker, A. J., ''The Rape of Ethiopia 1936'', p. 36</ref> |- |1936 |{{flag|League of Nations}} |Elimination of Recruiting Recommendation |- |rowspan=2|1936 || {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Northern Nigeria Protectorate (1900–1914).svg}} [[Northern Nigeria]] || Slavery abolished.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter8.shtml |title=The End of Slavery |publisher=BBC |access-date=2013-08-28}}</ref> |- | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Bechuanaland Protectorate|Bechuanaland]] || Slavery abolished.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/03057077608707953|title=Slaves or workers? Relations between Bushmen, Tswana, and Boers in the Kalahari|first=Margo|last=Russell|date=1 April 1976|journal=Journal of Southern African Studies|volume=2|issue=2|pages=178–197|via=Taylor and Francis+NEJM|doi=10.1080/03057077608707953|url-access=subscription}}</ref> |- |1937 || {{flagicon image|Flag of Bahrain (1932–1972).svg}} [[Bahrain]] || [[Slavery in Bahrain|Slavery abolished]].<ref name=key>{{cite web |url=http://memorial.nantes.fr/en/key-dates-in-the-chronology-of-abolitions/ |title=Key dates in chronology of abolitions|access-date=3 May 2019 }}</ref> |- |1937 |{{flag|League of Nations}} |Public Works (International Co-operation) Recommendation |- |1941 || {{flag|United States|1912}} || [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] signs Circular 3591 abolishing all forms of [[convict leasing]]. |- |rowspan=2|1945 ||{{Flagicon image|Merchant Flag of Germany (1946-1949).svg}} [[Occupied Germany]]|| Millions of [[forced labourers]] and slaves are freed after the fall of the [[Third Reich]]; see [[forced labour under German rule during World War II]]. |- | {{flag|Japanese Empire}} || Millions of [[forced labourers]] and [[Comfort women|sex slaves]] are freed after the defeat of the [[Japanese Empire]]; see [[comfort women]], ''[[rōmusha]]'', [[East Asia Development Board]]. |- |rowspan="2"|1946 ||{{Flagicon image|Merchant Flag of Germany (1946-1949).svg}} [[Occupied Germany]]||[[Fritz Sauckel]], [[Nazi]] official responsible for procuring forced labor in occupied Europe during [[World War II]], is [[Nuremberg Trial|convicted]] of [[crimes against humanity]] and hanged.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/05-28-46.asp#sauckel|title=The trial of German major war criminals : proceedings of the International Military Tribunal sitting at Nuremberg Germany|website=avalon.law.yale.edu|access-date=21 March 2018}}</ref> |- | {{flag|French Sudan}} || Beginning of large slave defections encouraged by the [[French Fourth Republic]] and the [[Sudanese Union – African Democratic Rally]] party. |- |1948 || {{flag|United Nations}} || Article 4 of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] declares slavery contrary to human rights.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html |title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights |date=10 December 1948 |access-date=13 December 2007 |publisher=United Nations|quote=Adopted and proclaimed by [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution|General Assembly resolution]] 217 A (III) of 10 December 1948 ... Article 4.&nbsp;No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. }} </ref> |- |1949 || {{flag|Kuwait|1940}}|| [[Slavery in Kuwait|Slavery abolished]].<ref name=key/> |} ==1950–1999== {| class=wikitable |- ! Date ! Jurisdiction ! Description |- |1950 || {{flag|United Nations}} || [[Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery]]. |- |1952 || {{flag|Qatar|1949}} || [[Slavery in Qatar|Slavery abolished]].<ref name="1962abolition">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/slavery_1.shtml|title=BBC – Religions – Islam: Slavery in Islam|publisher=BBC|access-date=21 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hay |first=Rupert |url=https://www.agda.ae/en/catalogue/tna/fo/371/98464/n/7 |title=FO 371/98464: Abolition of slavery in Qatar; Saudi Arabia's request for return of runaway slaves; Sultan of Oman's protest over Buraimi slave trade; no formal abolition of slavery in Trucial States. Code EA file 2181 |year=1952 |location=Bahrain |pages=7 |chapter=(Draft) Ala'n on Slavery |quote=And whereas it is our intention to ensure an equitable social system of life to all our subjects, We, Ali bin Abdullah bin Jasim al Thani, Ruler of Qatar hereby proclaim that – 1. Slavery shall be abolished in all territories under our jurisdiction as from the 10th day of April, 1952 |author-link=Rupert Hay}}</ref> |- |1953 || {{flag|Australia}}<br />{{flag|Canada|1921}}<br />{{flag|Liberia}}<br />{{flag|New Zealand}}<br />{{flag|South Africa|1928}}<br />{{flag|Switzerland}}<br />{{flag|United Kingdom}} || rowspan="3" | [[1926 Slavery Convention]] ratified. |- |1954 || {{flag|Afghanistan|1930}}<br />{{flag|Austria}}<br />{{flag|Cuba}}<br />{{flag|Denmark}}<br />{{flag|Egypt|1922}}<br />{{flag|Finland}}<br />{{flag|India}}<br />{{flag|Italy}}<br />{{flag|Mexico}}<br />{{flag|Monaco}}<br />{{flag|Sweden}}<br />{{flag|Syria|1932}} |- |1955 || {{flag|Ecuador}}<br />{{flagicon|Kingdom of Greece}} [[Greece]]<br />{{flagicon|Kingdom of Iraq}} [[Iraq]]<br />{{flag|Israel}}<br />{{flag|Netherlands}}<br />{{flag|Pakistan}}<br />{{flag|Philippines|1936}}<br />{{flag|Republic of China|name=Republic of China (Taiwan)}}<br />{{flag|Turkey}} |- |rowspan="2"|1956 || {{flag|United Nations}} || [[Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery]]. |- |{{flagicon|Byelorussian SSR}} [[Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic|Byelorussia]]<ref>The [[Byelorussian SSR]] and the [[USSR]] had separate representation at the [[UN]].</ref><br />{{flag|Soviet Union}}<br />{{flagicon|United States|1912}} [[United States]]<br />{{flag|South Vietnam}} || [[1926 Slavery Convention]] ratified. |- |rowspan="2"|1957 || {{flag|United Nations}} || The [[Abolition of Forced Labour Convention]] eliminates some exceptions admitted in the 1930 Forced Labour Convention. |- |{{flag|Albania|1946}}<br />{{flag|Libya}}<br />{{flag|Burma|1948}}<br />{{flag|Norway}}<br />{{flag|Romania|1952}}<br />{{flag|Sudan|1956}} || [[1926 Slavery Convention]] ratified. |- |rowspan="2"|1958 || {{flag|Bhutan}} || Slavery abolished.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36041907|title = Bhutan: Things you may not have known about the country|publisher = BBC News|date = 14 April 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Hungary}}<br />{{flag|Ceylon|1951}} || rowspan="2" | [[1926 Slavery Convention]] ratified. |- |1959 || {{flag|Jordan}}<br />{{flag|Morocco}}<br />{{flagicon|Ukrainian SSR}} [[Ukrainian SSR|Ukraine]]<ref>The [[Ukrainian SSR]] and the [[USSR]] had separate representation at the [[UN]].</ref> |- |rowspan="2"|1960 || {{flag|Niger}} || Slavery abolished.<ref name=NigerSlavery>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/oct/27/humanrights1 |title=Niger slavery: Background |last1= Anti-Slavery International|date= 28 October 2008|website= [[The Guardian]]|access-date=7 October 2014}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Mali|1959}} || First president [[Modibo Keita]] makes the effective abolition of slavery a prominent goal of the government. However, his efforts are largely abandoned during the dictatorship of [[Moussa Traoré]] (1968–1991). |- |1961 || {{flag|Nigeria}} || [[1926 Slavery Convention]] ratified. |- |1961 || {{flag|Morocco}} || Slavery abolished under Moroccan Constitution, although domestic slave practices continued.<ref name="Goodman, R. David 2012"/> |- |rowspan="3"|1962 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia|1938}} || rowspan="2" | [[Slavery in Saudi Arabia|Slavery abolished]].<ref name="1962abolition"/> |- |{{flag|North Yemen}} |- |{{flag|Belgium}}<br />{{flag|Sierra Leone}}<br />{{flagcountry|Tanganyika (1961–1964)}} || rowspan="2" | [[1926 Slavery Convention]] ratified. |- |1963 || {{flag|Algeria}}<br />{{flag|France}}<br />{{flag|Guinea}}<br />{{flag|Kuwait}}<br />{{flag|Nepal}} |- |rowspan="2"|1964 || {{flag|Trucial States}} ||Slavery abolished.{{Efn|Except [[Emirate of Abu Dhabi|Abu Dhabi]], the rest of [[Slavery in the Trucial States|the Trucial States]] officially abolished slavery by a joint declaration in 1956. Abu Dhabi officially abolished it in 1963.<ref>{{cite book |last1=T. F. |first1=Brenchley |author1-link=Frank Brenchley |title=FO 371/179785: Slavery in the Persian Gulf |date=27 May 1965 |page=8 |url=https://www.agda.ae/en/catalogue/tna/fo/371/179785/n/8 |access-date=4 July 2022 |chapter=The Trucial States}}</ref>}} |- |{{flag|Jamaica}}<br />{{flag|Madagascar}}<br />{{flag|Niger}}<br />{{flag|Uganda}} || rowspan="3" | [[1926 Slavery Convention]] ratified. |- |1965 || {{flag|Malawi}} |- |1966 || {{flag|Brazil|1960}}<br />{{flag|Malta}}<br />{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}<br />{{flag|Tunisia}} |- | rowspan="2" |1966 || rowspan="2" | {{flag|United Nations}} || [[International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]]. |- |[[First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]]. |- |1967 || {{flag|South Yemen}} || [[Slavery in Yemen|Slavery abolished]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zZk9Y-HTQzcC&q=1967+South+Yemen+slavery&pg=PA352 |title=Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem |isbn=9780759103405 |access-date=2019-05-17|last1=Miers |first1=Suzanne |year=2003 |publisher=Rowman Altamira }}</ref> |- |1968 || {{flag|Mongolia|1945}} || rowspan="2" | [[1926 Slavery Convention]] ratified. |- |1969 || {{flagicon|Ethiopian Empire}} [[Empire of Ethiopia|Ethiopia]]<br />{{flag|Mauritius}} |- |1970 || {{flag|Oman|1970}} || [[Slavery in Oman|Slavery abolished]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zZk9Y-HTQzcC&q=oman+slavery+1970&pg=PA347|title=Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem|first=Suzanne|last=Miers|date=21 March 2018|publisher=Rowman Altamira|isbn=9780759103405|access-date=21 March 2018|via=Google Books}}</ref> |- |1972 || {{flag|Fiji}} || rowspan="4" | [[1926 Slavery Convention]] ratified. |- |1973 || {{flag|West Germany}}<br />{{flag|Mali}}<br />{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}<br />{{flag|Zambia}} |- |1974 || {{flag|Lesotho|1966}} |- |rowspan=2|1976 || {{flag|Bahamas}}<br />{{flag|Barbados}} |- | {{flag|Kentucky}} || Thirteenth Amendment ratified. |- |rowspan="2"|1981 || {{flag|Mauritania|1959}} || [[Slavery in Mauritania|Slavery abolished]],<ref>[http://asiapacific.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAFR380032002?open&of=ENG-MRT Slavery in Mauritania] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323120431/http://asiapacific.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAFR380032002?open&of=ENG-MRT |date=23 March 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title = Disposable People|isbn = 0520243846|last1 = Bales|first1 = Kevin|year = 2004| publisher=University of California Press |url-access = registration|url = https://archive.org/details/disposablepeople0000bale}}</ref> though the ban was not enforced and many people continued to be held as slaves.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6938032.stm | publisher=BBC News | title=Mauritanian MPs pass slavery law | date=9 August 2007 | access-date=8 January 2011 | archive-date=6 January 2010 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20100106014658/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6938032.stm | url-status=live }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|1979}}<br />{{flag|Solomon Islands}} || rowspan="12" | [[1926 Slavery Convention]] ratified. |- |1982 || {{flag|Papua New Guinea}} |- |1983 || {{flag|Bolivia}}<br />{{flag|Guatemala}} |- |1984 || {{flag|Cameroon}} |- |1985 || {{flag|Bangladesh}} |- |1986 || {{flag|Cyprus|1960}}<br />{{flag|Mauritania|1959}}<br />{{flag|Nicaragua}} |- |1987 || {{flag|North Yemen}} |- |1990 || {{flag|Bahrain|1972}}<br />{{flag|Saint Lucia}} |- |1992 || {{flag|Croatia}} |- |1993 || {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina|1992}} |- |1994 || {{flag|Dominica}} |- |rowspan=2|1995 || {{flag|Chile}} |- | {{Flag|Mississippi|2001}} || The [[Mississippi Legislature]] unanimously votes to ratify the [[Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]] after a clerk discovers it never had. It is the last eligible state in the union to do so. However, state officials fail to send the required documentation to the state register.<ref name="calendar.eji.org">{{Cite web|url=https://calendar.eji.org/racial-injustice/mar/16|title=Mar. 16, 1995 &#124; Mississippi Ratifies Abolition of Slavery, 130 Years After its Adoption|website=calendar.eji.org}}</ref> |- |1996 || {{flag|Azerbaijan}} || [[1926 Slavery Convention]] ratified. |- |1997 || {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}<br />{{flag|Turkmenistan}} || [[1926 Slavery Convention]] ratified. |- | rowspan="2" |1998 || {{flag|Ghana}} || Forced [[ritual servitude]] of girls in [[Ewe people|Ewe]] shrines banned. |- |{{flag|United Nations}} |[[Rome Statute]] |} == 2000–zaŋ kana zuŋɔ == {| class=wikitable |- ! Date ! Jurisdiction ! Description |- |2001 || {{flagicon|Serbia and Montenegro}} [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]]<br />{{flag|Uruguay}} || [[1926 Slavery Convention]] ratified. |- |2003 || {{flag|Niger}} || Slavery criminalized.<ref name=NigerSlavery/> |- |rowspan="2"|2006 || {{flag|Montenegro}} || [[1926 Slavery Convention]] ratified. |- |{{flag|Mali}} || ''Temedt'', an organization against slavery and the discrimination of former slaves, is founded in [[Essakane]]. |- |rowspan="2"|2007 || {{flag|Mauritania|1959}} || Slavery criminalized.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/interactive/2012/03/world/mauritania.slaverys.last.stronghold/index.html Slavery's last stronghold]. CNN.com (16 March 2012). Retrieved 20 March 2012.</ref> |- |{{flag|Paraguay}} || rowspan="2" | [[1926 Slavery Convention]] ratified. |- |2008 || {{flag|Kazakhstan}} |- |2009 || {{flag|United Kingdom}} || Section 71 of the [[Coroners and Justice Act 2009]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/section/71|title=Coroners and Justice Act 2009}}</ref> |- |2010 || {{flag|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}} || Slavery criminalized.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/algeria1014web.pdf|title=Human rights in Tindouf refugee camp}}</ref> |- |2013 || {{flag|Mississippi|2001}} || Ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment legally recorded.<ref name="calendar.eji.org"/> |- | rowspan="2" |2014 | rowspan="2" |{{flag|United Nations}} |Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour Convention |- |Forced Labour (Supplementary Measures) Recommendation |- |2015 || {{flag|United Kingdom}} || [[Modern Slavery Act 2015]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2015/30/contents/enacted?view=plain|title=Modern Slavery Act 2015}}</ref> |- |rowspan=2|2017 ||[[Navajo Nation]]|| Criminalization of [[human trafficking]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiancountrymedianetwork.com/news/politics/navajo-sign-law-criminalizing-human-trafficking/?mqsc=ED3903095|title=Navajo Sign Law Criminalizing Human Trafficking – Indian Country Media Network|website=indiancountrymedianetwork.com|access-date=21 March 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Chad}} || Slavery criminalized.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/5b3e0b7aa.html|title=Refworld &#124; 2018 Trafficking in Persons Report – Chad|first=United Nations High Commissioner for|last=Refugees|website=Refworld}}</ref> |- |2018 || {{flag|Colorado}} || Prison exception removed from Colorado's constitutional ban on slavery.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/crime/colorado-abolishes-prison-slavery-in-huge-win-for-prisoners-rights/ar-BBPsem4?ocid=spartanntp|title=Colorado Abolishes Prison Slavery in Huge Win for Prisoners Rights|work=Microsoft News|date=7 November 2018}}</ref> |- |2019 || {{flag|Iraq}} <br />{{Flag|Syria}}|| Defeat and ''[[debellatio]]'' of the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] leads to the freeing of thousands of slaves, including [[Sexual violence in the Iraqi insurgency|Yazidi and Christian sex slaves]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_life-under-islamic-state-child-slaves/6179266.html|title=Life Under Islamic State: Child Slaves|website=Voice of America|date=12 November 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/27/world/middleeast/isis-yazidi-women-rape-iraq-mosul-slavery.html|title=Freed From ISIS, Yazidi Women Return in 'Severe Shock'|first=Rukmini|last=Callimachi|newspaper=The New York Times|date=27 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newstatesman.com/world/middle-east/2019/06/five-years-slave-islamic-state|title=Five years a slave of Islamic State|website=newstatesman.com}}</ref> |- |2020 || {{flag|Utah|2020}} <br />{{flag|Nebraska}}|| Prison exception removed from both states' constitutional ban on slavery.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.abc4.com/news/election/utahns-vote-to-remove-slavery-as-a-punishment-for-a-crime-from-constitution/|title=Utahns vote to remove slavery as a punishment for a crime from constitution|date=3 November 2020|access-date=12 November 2020|first=Josh|last=Rose|publisher=ABC4|archive-date=2 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302142458/https://www.abc4.com/news/election/utahns-vote-to-remove-slavery-as-a-punishment-for-a-crime-from-constitution/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.3newsnow.com/news/election-2020/nebraska-votes-to-remove-slavery-language-from-state-constitution|title=Nebraska votes to remove slavery language from state constitution|date=4 November 2020|access-date=12 November 2020|first=Ruta|last=Ulcinaite|publisher=News Now Omaha}}</ref> |- |2022 |{{flag|Alabama}}<br/>{{flag|Oregon}}<br/>{{flag|Tennessee}}<br/>{{flag|Vermont}} |Prison exception removed from the states' constitutional ban on slavery.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-11-10 |title=Four states voted to abolish slavery, but not Louisiana. Here's why |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-63578133 |access-date=2022-11-24}}</ref> |- |Present || Worldwide || Although slavery is now abolished ''[[de jure]]'' in all countries,<ref>{{cite book|author=Kevin Bales|title=New Slavery: A Reference Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Cw6EsO59aYC&pg=PA4|year=2004|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-815-6|page=4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Shelley K. White|author2=Jonathan M. White|author3=Kathleen Odell Korgen|title=Sociologists in Action on Inequalities: Race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GsruAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA43|date=27 May 2014|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-1-4833-1147-0|page=43}}</ref> ''de facto'' [[contemporary slavery|practices akin to it]] continue today in many places throughout the world,<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.nbcnews.com/news/other/30-million-people-still-live-slavery-human-rights-group-says-f8C11409499|title= 30 million people still live in slavery, human rights group says|last1= Smith|first1= Alexander|date= 17 October 2013|publisher= [[NBC News]]|access-date=7 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2013/apr/03/modern-day-slavery-explainer|title= Modern-day slavery: an explainer|last1= Kelly|first1= Annie|date= 3 April 2013|website= The Guardian|access-date=7 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/slavery/modern/modern_1.shtml |title= Ethics – Slavery: Modern Slavery |publisher=BBC |access-date=7 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/06/opinion/qatars-showcase-of-shame.html|title= Qatar's Showcase of Shame|last1= Aziz|first1= Omer|last2= Hussain|first2= Murtaza|date= 5 January 2014|website= The New York Times|access-date=7 October 2014}}</ref> almost exclusively in [[Asia]] and [[Africa]].{{citation needed|date=February 2025}} |} ==See also== {{portal|History}} *[[Abolitionism]] *[[History of slavery]] *[[List of abolitionist forerunners]] (by Thomas Clarkson) *[[Reparations for slavery]] *[[Slave Trade Act]]s *[[Sexual slavery]] *[[Slavery at common law]] *[[Slavery in modern Africa]] *[[Slavery in the 21st century]] *[[Timeline of the civil rights movement]] ==Noosi== {{notelist}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== {{Main|Bibliography of slavery in the United States}} * Campbell, Gwyn. ''The Structure of Slavery in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia'' (Frank Cass, 2004) * Davis, David Brion. ''Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World'' (2008) excerpt * Drescher, Seymour. ''Abolition: A History of Slavery and Antislavery'' (Cambridge University Press, 2009) * Drescher, Seymour. ''Pathways from slavery: British and colonial mobilizations in global perspective'' (Routledge, 2018). * Drescher, Seymour. "Civil Society and Paths to Abolition." ''Journal of Global Slavery'' 1.1 (2016): 44–71. * Finkelman, Paul, and Joseph Miller, eds. ''Macmillan Encyclopedia of World Slavery'' (2 vol 1998) * Finkelman, Paul, and [[Seymour Drescher]]. "The eternal problem of slavery in international law: Killing the vampire of human culture." ''[[Michigan State Law Review]]'' (2017): 755+ [https://digitalcommons.law.msu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1203&context=lr online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124101519/https://digitalcommons.law.msu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1203&context=lr |date=24 January 2021 }}. * Gordon, M. ''Slavery in the Arab World'' (1989) * Grindal, Peter. ''Opposing the Slavers; The Royal Navy's Campaign against the Atlantic Slave Trade'' (L.B. Tauris 2016) {{ISBN|978-1-78831-286-8}} * Hinks, Peter, and John McKivigan, eds. ''Encyclopedia of Antislavery and Abolition'' (2 vol. 2007) 795pp; {{ISBN|978-0-313-33142-8}} * Lovejoy, Paul. ''Transformations in Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa'' (Cambridge UP, 1983) * Mathews, Nathaniel. "The 'Fused Horizon' of Abolitionism and Islam: Historicism, the Quran and the Global History of Abolition." ''Journal of global slavery'' 4.2 (2019): 226–265. * Morgan, Kenneth. ''Slavery and the British Empire: From Africa to America'' (2008) * Rodriguez, Junius P., ed. ''The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery'' (1997) * Rodriguez, Junius P., ed. ''Encyclopedia of Emancipation and Abolition in the Transatlantic World'' (2007) * Sinha, Manisha. "The Problem of Abolition in the Age of Capitalism The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, 1770–1823, by David Brion Davis." ''American Historical Review'' 124.1 (2019): 144–163. ==External links== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150303204014/http://royalnavalmuseum.org/visit_see_victory_cfexhibition_timepre1807.htm Timeline – What happened before 1807?] The Royal Naval Museum * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130531004750/http://royalnavalmuseum.org/visit_see_victory_cfexhibition_timepost1807.htm Timeline – What happened after 1807?] The Royal Naval Museum * [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100519193417/http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/slavery/DG_065902 Slavery and Abolition] [[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]] * [http://www.americanabolitionists.com/timeline.html American Abolitionists and Antislavery Activists], comprehensive list of abolitionist and anti-slavery activists and organizations in the United States, including US and international anti-slavery timelines. {{DEFAULTSORT:Slavery, Abolition of timeline}} [[Category:Abolitionism]] [[Category:History of slavery]] [[Category:Society-related timelines|Abolition of slavery and serfdom]] [[Pubu:Lahabaya Zaa]] je5r4d8jc1zomhze0bywdptausek0fe 0 32303 116186 116149 2025-06-24T13:21:07Z Phasy GH 5787 I have linked a word 116186 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Bio}} [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu.jpg|thumb|Ya Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu]] [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa Museum (4).jpg|thumb|Yaa Asantewaa Museum]] '''Yaa Asantewaa I''' ({{Circa}} 1840 – 17 ''[[October]]'' 1921) daa nyɛla napaɣa so ŋun zaŋ n-ti Ejisu yaɣili din be Ashanti Empire la, [[Ghana]]. O beli, Nana Akwasi Afrane Okese, ŋun daa nyɛ Edwesuhene, bee Edwesu naa, n-daa dihi o nam ŋɔ. Yuuni 1900 pulini, o daa gari tooni n-tuhi Kanbonsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ ni lahi m-booni War of the Golden Stool la, bee Yaa Asantewaa tɔbu maŋ sulinsi, tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British Empire ni daa tuhi la.<ref>[[Kwame Anthony Appiah|Appiah, Kwame Anthony]], and [[Henry Louis Gates, Jr.]] (eds), ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience'', 1999, p.{{nbsp}}276.</ref> == Taarihi == Bɛ daa dɔɣila Yaa Asantewaa 1840 yuuni tiŋ' din yuli booni Besease la. O laamba n-daa nyɛ Kwaku Ampoma mini Ata Po. O beli, Afrane Panin, daa lebila naa n-zaŋ ti Edweso , tiŋ' din daa m-baɣi ba. O daa kola binbira poli shɛli din m-baɣi tiŋ' din yuli booni Boankra la. O daa kuli la [[Kumasi|Kumahi]] doo, ka doo maa daa lee mali paɣa, ka bɛ daa dɔɣi bipuɣinbila.<ref name="dq">{{Cite web|last=Korsah, Chantal|date=22 July 2016|title=Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=20 February 2017|publisher=Dangerous Women}}</ref> Asantewaa daa kpila tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1921. O daa nyɛla pukpara ka lahi nyɛ ma suŋ. O daa nyɛla baŋsim lana, siyaasa nira, napaɣa ka lahi nyɛ tɔbu toondana. Yaa Asantewaa yuli daa yila polo ka di nyɛla o ni daa mali yaa n-gari kambɔŋ nanima maa zuɣu, Yaa Asantewaa tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British nima ni daa tuhiri ni bi gu salima nam kuɣ' maa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nana Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=2020-01-11|website=nanayaaasantewaa.de|archive-date=2022-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411021631/http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Prelude to rebellion== Yaa Asantewaa beli, Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase daa nyɛla ŋun za zaashe karili ka daa piigi Asantewaa n-leegi o napaɣa. Di daa nyɛla zaashe karili din mali yuli pam<ref>{{Cite web |title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire |url=https://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html |access-date=2024-11-05 |language=en}}</ref> dama o tuma n-daa nyɛ li ni o gu ka taɣi salima nam kuɣu, n-tiri Ashanti Naa saɣisiɣu, ka piiri niriba ban tu ni bɛ tooi lee nanima naa maa nyaaŋa. O beli ŋɔ nam saha, Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla ŋun yɛla pam din niŋ ka mali barina ti bɛ sɔɣibiɛɣuni,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gold Coast: The Yaa Asantewaa War |url=https://vocal.media/history/the-gold-coast-the-yaa-asantewaa-war |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=History |language=en}}</ref> nti pahi tɔbu din daa ŋmɛ yuuni 1883 hali ni yuuni 1888.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-24 |title=Igboho and allegory of Asantehene golden stool |url=https://www.thecable.ng/igboho-and-allegory-of-asantehene-golden-stool |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Din daa niŋ ka o beli ŋɔ kpi yuuni 1894, Yaa Asantewaa daa zaŋ ya' shɛli o ni mali m-piigi o yaaŋa ka o leegi<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|title=Yaa Asantewaa|date=2016-07-22|website=Dangerous Women Project|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> Ejisuhene. Di ni daa niŋ ka Britiishi kari o yaaŋa ŋɔ tahi [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1896, nti pahi Naa Prempeh I mini ninvuɣu shɛba Ashanti tiŋgbani ni, Yaa Asantewaa daa lee gbaŋlana ti Ejisu–Juaben yaɣili. Naa Prempeh{{nbsp}}I kari yihi nyaaŋa, Britiishi zuɣulana ti [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]], Frederick Hodgson, daa zami ni shee o deei bɛ salima nam kuɣu din nya simbuli Ashanti tiŋgbani.<ref name=dq/> Lala yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ maa daa che ka Ashanti niriba ban daa na beni laɣim ʒini ni bɛ tɔ jina zaŋ yi bɛ ni yɛn niŋ shɛm ka labisi bɛ naa na. Nangbakpeeni daa luna zaŋ yi bɛ ni niŋ shɛm. Yaa Asantewaa, ŋun daa be laɣingu ŋɔ ni, daa vaai yiɣisi zani ka di fiila ŋɔ: {{blockquote|Wula ka ninvuɣu kpɛma ni bidibsi ka mani Ashantinima yɛn ʒia yuuni ka siliminga kana ti gbuɣi bɛ nanima, ka dihi ba bi zaŋ yi bɛ ni bɔri bɛ salima nam kuɣu shɛm. Salima kuɣu nyɛla ariʒichi ti siliminsi ŋɔ bana; Bɛ gbi luɣili kam bɔri la di shee. Man' ku yo hali kobo janjani ti bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ. Di yi niŋ ka yi nanima ŋɔ yɛn be ka dabiɛma nima ka ku tuhi, din ŋuna paamiya yin chinchina na ŋɔ na ka dee n-pɛto.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12">{{Cite journal|last=Aidoo|first=Agnes Akosua|year=1977|title=Asante Queen Mothers in Government and Politics in the Nineteenth Century|journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria|volume=9|issue=1|page=12|jstor=41857049}}</ref>}} N-yɛn wuhi o nimohi zaŋ chaŋ tobu polo, Yaa Asantewaa daa darigi deei malifa luhi buɣim dobba ŋɔ tooni.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12" /> Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla Ashanti na shɛba ni ni piigi ni o lee toondana ʒi tob' bihi chaŋ tobu maa. Ŋɔ nyɛla tuuli ni di ko Ashanti taarihi ni ka bɛ ti paɣa lala soli. <ref>{{Cite journal|first=Arhin|last= Brempong|year=2000|title=The role of Nana Yaa Asantewaa in the 1900 Asante War of Resistance|url=http://people.ucalgary.ca/~taarn/LeGriot/article4.pdf|journal=Le Griot|volume= VIII|via=ucalgary.ca}}</ref> Yaa Asantewaa daa kpaŋsi ka nyɛm o niriba ŋɔ ni ni bɛ chaŋ ti tuhi Britiishinim' ŋɔ ni fiila ŋɔ: {{Blockquote|text=Ashanti bidib' kuma, ti nyɛla Britiishi zuɣulana ni bo vu karili ka di nyɛla o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu, din nya simbuli wuhiri Ashanti zaa nangban yini. Di bi yuui, siliminga ŋɔ daa kana ti ʒini ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni ka zaŋ kpɛŋ deei Ashanti ni di lee bɛ sulinsi. Di bi tu ni ti lahi tam ni naa Karikari saha, niriba ŋɔ daa lahi nyɛla ban ŋmɛ ti tobuhankali ni ku tooi deei, n-saɣim ti nayili ka nyo li buɣim bɛ ni daa va binshɛɣu kam yi dini naai. Bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ daa gbahi ti Naa mini o nabihi ka so bi yaagi o noli. Zuŋɔ, o lahi labina ni o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu. Yi nim bidibsi ni dobba, ti tu ni kuli ʒi ka niŋdi ka mani binkobiri maa? Di tuya ni ti yiɣisi zab' ti maŋ zuɣu; din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ti ʒia ka siliminsi ban niya ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni kuli bɛ zu ariʒichi kana ti ku ti ka saɣim ti nɛma, ka lahi bɔri ni bɛ zu ti salima nam kuɣu. Yiɣisim ya! Ka ti gu ka taɣi ti salima nam kuɣu ka che siliminsi ŋɔ. Din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ni ti kuli be dablim ni saha kam. M mali ʒili n-gari tooni zaŋ ya chaŋ ti tuhi siliminsi ŋɔ.}} Ashanti yiŋ linjima tali daa nyɛla din labi yiɣisi zaŋ yi o nimohi ni siliminsi ŋɔ tuhibu polo. {{citation needed|date=December 2023}} O nini daa bi tiɣidobba ŋɔ niŋsim zaŋ chaŋ siliminsi tuhi polo. Yaa Asantewaa daa ŋmɛ paɣatali ni dotali naangbakpeeni ka kpaŋsi bipuɣinsi ni yiɣisi tuhi. Ashanti mini British salima nam kuɣu tobu ka lahi booni ni li "Yaa Asantewaa tobu"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2018/apr/05/queen-mother-yaa-asantewaa-led-fight-against-briti/?page=1|title=Queen-mother Yaa Asantewaa led the fight against British colonialism|first=Herb|last=Boyd|author-link=Herb Boyd|work=[[New York Amsterdam News]]|date=5 April 2018}}</ref> – daa nyɛla naa Nana Yaa Asantewaa ni gari tooni ni tob' bihi tusaanu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html|title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire|website=blackhistoryheroes.com|language=en|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref> == Tobu maa saha mini di nyaaŋa == [[File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|thumb|Duu maa daa nyela Yaa Asantuwa sarika niriba ni daa nyeli shem]] Di daa pilila nashaara goli March  yuuni 1900, tobu maa ni daa paai gbaŋpiela maa na kumasi,  luɣsheli be ni daa saɣi n deei. Zabili maa na kuli benimi hali ni zuŋɔ kaman Kumasi zaba mini lingima nima binyera duu. Chira a shem nyaaŋa,  Gold coast zuɣulana daa timila tobu bihi 1400 tobu maa ni. Zabili maa ni, Yaa Asantuwa mini ninvuɣi pia ni anu sheba ban daa saɣisiri o _Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase, Nana Kwaku Duah, Nana Yaw Akoto, Nana Abena Nkyinkyim, Nana Osei Tutu II, Nana Adjei Kwaku, Nana Afia Kobi Serwaa Ampem, Nana Kofi Kumi, Nana Kwabena Nkyinkyim, Nana Okwan Nkyinkyim, Nana Agyeman Badu, Nana Ntiamoah, Nana Ababio, Nana Afia Nkyinkyim n ti pahi Nana Osei Bonsu _ be daa gbahi ba mi ka zaŋba n cheŋ ti bahi Seychelles. Amaa o saɣisiriba maa yuya daa bi kpe puuni litiricha kundu ŋan beni maa ni<ref>Berry, L. V., ''Ghana: a Country Study''.</ref> Tobu tuhiriba maa daa zanimi n ti bahigu tobu Anglo- Asante tobu din daa niŋ 19th century la. Lala liribu ŋɔ , Ashanti tobu bihi ban kalinli daa yaɣi tusa ayi ( 2000 ) daa kɔŋla be nyɛvuya ka British nima gba kamani ninvuɣi tuhili (1000) gba daa kɔŋ be nyɛvuya . Dini n daa nye nyɛvuya ni yi pam shelini Anglo-Ashanti tobu maa ni ka di daa niŋ la chira ayobu. Nashaara goli January dahinyini dali yuuni 1902. British daa ti bahi fa Empire sheŋa Ashanti nima maa ni daa su kamani yuun kobiga nyaaŋa, ka be lɛbigirila Ashanti nima maa British nam guriba<ref name="Boahen2003">{{cite book|last=Boahen|first=A. Adu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S4ALSvMlbzUC|title=Queen Yaa Asantewaa and the Asante-British War of 1900-1|publisher=James Currey Publishers|year=2003|isbn=978-0-85255-443-2}}</ref> Frederick Mitchell Hodgson daa zami ni Ashanti zaŋ mi bɛ salima kuɣu la nti ti o saha shɛli Ashanti nima ni daa saha n ti ni bɛ ku tooi di nasara Britain nim zuɣu. Salima Kua maa nyɛla din gaƔim ka mali dariza Ashanti tingbaŋ nyɛvuli ni tuun kurumbuni ha daa be nimaani n-ti paai yuun’ kɔbiga ayɔpɔin saha shɛli saha miriya ka bɛ daa kul mali chaŋ tiŋgbɔŋ maa. Kukɔɣili maa nyɛla zaɣ’ jilima mini zaɣ’ pinaayi din yɛliŋ mi miri ka naanyi ʒini di ʒini di zuɣusaa polo. Bɛ ni daa zaŋ salima kuɣ’ gahindili maa ti bahi ka bɛ naanyi zaŋ salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ti sɔɣi. 1920, Africa tiŋgbɔŋ niŋgbuŋ daa nyɛla salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ka bɛ daa ti tum tuun’ shɛŋa, ka bɛ daa naanyi zaŋ salima zuɣu n-kɔb’ bɛ ni ti bɛ niŋ salima zuɣ’ shɛŋa niri salima la. Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa kpila Seychelles nashaara goli October yuuni 1921. Yuma ata o kpibu nyaaŋa , nashaara goli December  beɣu pia ni ayopɔin yuuni 1924, Naa prempeh ŋun nye tuuli mini ninvuɣi sheba ban daa be Ashanti exiled kootu maa ni daa nyela soli ni be labina Ashanti. Naa Prempeh ŋun nye tuuli daa chɛmi ka Yaa Asantuwa mini ban daa pahi maa niŋgbuna n labina Ashanti ni be ti simsi ba.[15]. Queen Yaa Asantuwa teha zaŋ chɛŋ Asanti maŋ sulinsi deebu nye be ni daa baŋ sheli nashaara goli March yuuni 1957, din daa niŋ ka Ashanti yaɣa nima deei maŋsulinsi n pahi Ghana zuɣu.  Ghana n daa nye tuuli gbaŋsabila tiŋgbani ban di nasara ŋɔ maa[16] == Biehigu ni tuma n zaŋ ti Ashanti paɣaba == Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa gbaaila British sulinsi zalisi ' ramifications' maa. Ghana nima zuŋɔ nye o mi ka o nyela paɣadede ŋun zaŋ o siyaasa mini ninsalisili biehigu n suŋsi n gu ka taɣi o tingbani. O niŋsim maa daa kpehila Ashanti dabiba korusi ni tuhi British nima maa, di daa yina ni di mali bukaata ni o ni nye so maa.[17] == O zaashee zaŋ chaŋ yelttɔɣikura kaya ni taada yuli zalibu == Yaa Asantewaa na nyela ninvuɣi so be ni yu Ashanti yeɣili mini Ghana yaɣa pam zaŋ kpa kurumbuna lahabaya polo, o tuma daa nyela o zabirila British sulinsi. O nyela ŋun daa <nowiki>''immortalized''</nowiki> yilli sheli ŋan do gbunni ŋɔ puuni. Koo koo hin koo Yaa Asantewaa ee! Obaa basia Ogyina apremo ano ee! Waye be egyae Na Wabo mmode Ti yi yen lihi anfaabi nima zaŋ kpa bipuɣinsi tooni tali polo ti Ghana ŋɔ,  Yaa Asantuwa Girl's bikura shikuru daa zalila Kumasi yuuni 1960, ka di nyela Ghana baŋsim bobu yaɣili.[23] Yuuni 2000, bakoi yini chuɣu daa puhila Ghana ni di yi Yaa Asantuwa  nasara dibo n wuhi salo. Chuɣu ŋɔ puuni, museum daa dedicate mi n ti o la Kwaso din be Ejisu-Juaben yaɣili la ni nashaara goli August dabaa ata dali yuuni 2000. Nasara kalinsi, buɣim daa dila be yelikura maa sheŋa  o namda mini o tobu nema daa pahiya nashaara goli July yuuni 2004.(batakarikese) a ni nya sheli anfooni ŋan bɛ zuɣu saa maa ni maa.[24][25] Queen mother so ŋun na ʒi Ejisu gbana ŋɔ zuɣu nyela Yaa Asantuwa ŋun pahi ayi. Yaa Asantuwa chuɣu ŋan pahi ayi daa niŋla nashaara goli August dabisili yini zaŋ chaŋ dabaa anu yuuni 2006 Ejisu tiŋgbani ni.[26] Pumpoŋɔ boligu din daa boli ni be mɛ Yaa Asantuwa binkura biehigu shee Yaa Asantuwa senta din be Maida Vale, west London, nyela gbaŋsabila- Caribbean mebu mini tiŋa dema dug.[27] be daa zali li la yuuni 1986[28] ka zaŋ o yuli n bolili. Lala duu ŋɔ zanimi n ti ti kaya dema duu ni tiŋa ni laɣinsi ka di nyela di borimi ni de kpuɣi ti gbansabila tiŋgbani polo zuɣu saa UK tingbani ni. Niniyula kpandɔɣu puuni lahabaya Ivor Agyeman-Duah, ni yihi sheli na ka boli di yuli Yaa Asantuwa _.  Exile zuɣulana Prempeh mini Paɣa dede Gbansabila tiŋgbani puuni daa yihimi n wuhi salo la Ghana tiŋgbani ni yuuni2001.[29] Kundu shɛli be ni bol 'i stage show' ka di nyela Margaret Busby n daa sabi li : Yaa Asantuwa : paɣa tobituhira,  Geraldine Connor n daa lihiri ka di chena n zaŋ luŋ ŋmɛri biinga pahi Kofi Guanabara[30][31] be mini pan_ African cast, gili la UK ni Ghana yuuni 2001 zaŋ hali ni 2002[32][33] Walansi dema lala sasabira maa yaha daa pirimi ni yaɣa diba anu( nashaara goli October bieɣu pia ni ata zaŋ chaŋ bieɣu pia ni apɔin yuuni 2003) [34] BBC radio paɣaba  anahi saha daa beni n ti pahi Glenna Foster- Jones ni Jack Klaff, Pam Fraser Solomon n daa yuuni di zuɣu, ka Gbemisola Ikumelo, ni Nana Tsiboe, Kofi Adu,Jojo Yates , Asabre Quaye ni AtongoZimba.[35][36][37] Yuuni 2018 album din daa yina British jazz troupe bidibsi zaŋ ti kemet, Yi paɣa dede maa nyela 'Reptile ' n zaŋ gbansabilli paɣa yu zalibo kurumbuna maa ni n  boli yila . Yaa Asantuwa yuli n daa bɛ yilli ŋan pahi ayopɔin ni " My Queen is Yaa Asantuwa ". Yaa Asantuwa daa nyela duniya zaa ni daa mi so yela ka di nyela o kpaŋmaŋa zaŋ cheŋ paɣaba " rights mini freedom. Germany tiŋgbani ni be daa zaŋla o yuli n ti pini sheli ka di nyela be nintiɣili ni gbansabila tiŋgbani paɣaba kpaŋmaŋa == Kundivihira == <references /> 0cpg0s57jvncmr2n9d9qbdahk2h0srg 116187 116186 2025-06-24T13:23:20Z Phasy GH 5787 I have italicised a text 116187 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Bio}} [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu.jpg|thumb|Ya Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu]] [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa Museum (4).jpg|thumb|Yaa Asantewaa Museum]] '''Yaa Asantewaa I''' ({{Circa}} 1840 – 17 ''[[October]]'' 1921) daa nyɛla napaɣa so ŋun zaŋ n-ti Ejisu yaɣili din be ''Ashanti Empire'' la, [[Ghana]]. O beli, Nana Akwasi Afrane Okese, ŋun daa nyɛ Edwesuhene, bee Edwesu naa, n-daa dihi o nam ŋɔ. Yuuni 1900 pulini, o daa gari tooni n-tuhi Kanbonsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ ni lahi m-booni War of the Golden Stool la, bee Yaa Asantewaa tɔbu maŋ sulinsi, tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British Empire ni daa tuhi la.<ref>[[Kwame Anthony Appiah|Appiah, Kwame Anthony]], and [[Henry Louis Gates, Jr.]] (eds), ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience'', 1999, p.{{nbsp}}276.</ref> == Taarihi == Bɛ daa dɔɣila Yaa Asantewaa 1840 yuuni tiŋ' din yuli booni Besease la. O laamba n-daa nyɛ Kwaku Ampoma mini Ata Po. O beli, Afrane Panin, daa lebila naa n-zaŋ ti Edweso , tiŋ' din daa m-baɣi ba. O daa kola binbira poli shɛli din m-baɣi tiŋ' din yuli booni Boankra la. O daa kuli la [[Kumasi|Kumahi]] doo, ka doo maa daa lee mali paɣa, ka bɛ daa dɔɣi bipuɣinbila.<ref name="dq">{{Cite web|last=Korsah, Chantal|date=22 July 2016|title=Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=20 February 2017|publisher=Dangerous Women}}</ref> Asantewaa daa kpila tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1921. O daa nyɛla pukpara ka lahi nyɛ ma suŋ. O daa nyɛla baŋsim lana, siyaasa nira, napaɣa ka lahi nyɛ tɔbu toondana. Yaa Asantewaa yuli daa yila polo ka di nyɛla o ni daa mali yaa n-gari kambɔŋ nanima maa zuɣu, Yaa Asantewaa tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British nima ni daa tuhiri ni bi gu salima nam kuɣ' maa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nana Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=2020-01-11|website=nanayaaasantewaa.de|archive-date=2022-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411021631/http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Prelude to rebellion== Yaa Asantewaa beli, Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase daa nyɛla ŋun za zaashe karili ka daa piigi Asantewaa n-leegi o napaɣa. Di daa nyɛla zaashe karili din mali yuli pam<ref>{{Cite web |title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire |url=https://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html |access-date=2024-11-05 |language=en}}</ref> dama o tuma n-daa nyɛ li ni o gu ka taɣi salima nam kuɣu, n-tiri Ashanti Naa saɣisiɣu, ka piiri niriba ban tu ni bɛ tooi lee nanima naa maa nyaaŋa. O beli ŋɔ nam saha, Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla ŋun yɛla pam din niŋ ka mali barina ti bɛ sɔɣibiɛɣuni,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gold Coast: The Yaa Asantewaa War |url=https://vocal.media/history/the-gold-coast-the-yaa-asantewaa-war |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=History |language=en}}</ref> nti pahi tɔbu din daa ŋmɛ yuuni 1883 hali ni yuuni 1888.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-24 |title=Igboho and allegory of Asantehene golden stool |url=https://www.thecable.ng/igboho-and-allegory-of-asantehene-golden-stool |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Din daa niŋ ka o beli ŋɔ kpi yuuni 1894, Yaa Asantewaa daa zaŋ ya' shɛli o ni mali m-piigi o yaaŋa ka o leegi<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|title=Yaa Asantewaa|date=2016-07-22|website=Dangerous Women Project|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> Ejisuhene. Di ni daa niŋ ka Britiishi kari o yaaŋa ŋɔ tahi [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1896, nti pahi Naa Prempeh I mini ninvuɣu shɛba Ashanti tiŋgbani ni, Yaa Asantewaa daa lee gbaŋlana ti Ejisu–Juaben yaɣili. Naa Prempeh{{nbsp}}I kari yihi nyaaŋa, Britiishi zuɣulana ti [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]], Frederick Hodgson, daa zami ni shee o deei bɛ salima nam kuɣu din nya simbuli Ashanti tiŋgbani.<ref name=dq/> Lala yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ maa daa che ka Ashanti niriba ban daa na beni laɣim ʒini ni bɛ tɔ jina zaŋ yi bɛ ni yɛn niŋ shɛm ka labisi bɛ naa na. Nangbakpeeni daa luna zaŋ yi bɛ ni niŋ shɛm. Yaa Asantewaa, ŋun daa be laɣingu ŋɔ ni, daa vaai yiɣisi zani ka di fiila ŋɔ: {{blockquote|Wula ka ninvuɣu kpɛma ni bidibsi ka mani Ashantinima yɛn ʒia yuuni ka siliminga kana ti gbuɣi bɛ nanima, ka dihi ba bi zaŋ yi bɛ ni bɔri bɛ salima nam kuɣu shɛm. Salima kuɣu nyɛla ariʒichi ti siliminsi ŋɔ bana; Bɛ gbi luɣili kam bɔri la di shee. Man' ku yo hali kobo janjani ti bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ. Di yi niŋ ka yi nanima ŋɔ yɛn be ka dabiɛma nima ka ku tuhi, din ŋuna paamiya yin chinchina na ŋɔ na ka dee n-pɛto.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12">{{Cite journal|last=Aidoo|first=Agnes Akosua|year=1977|title=Asante Queen Mothers in Government and Politics in the Nineteenth Century|journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria|volume=9|issue=1|page=12|jstor=41857049}}</ref>}} N-yɛn wuhi o nimohi zaŋ chaŋ tobu polo, Yaa Asantewaa daa darigi deei malifa luhi buɣim dobba ŋɔ tooni.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12" /> Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla Ashanti na shɛba ni ni piigi ni o lee toondana ʒi tob' bihi chaŋ tobu maa. Ŋɔ nyɛla tuuli ni di ko Ashanti taarihi ni ka bɛ ti paɣa lala soli. <ref>{{Cite journal|first=Arhin|last= Brempong|year=2000|title=The role of Nana Yaa Asantewaa in the 1900 Asante War of Resistance|url=http://people.ucalgary.ca/~taarn/LeGriot/article4.pdf|journal=Le Griot|volume= VIII|via=ucalgary.ca}}</ref> Yaa Asantewaa daa kpaŋsi ka nyɛm o niriba ŋɔ ni ni bɛ chaŋ ti tuhi Britiishinim' ŋɔ ni fiila ŋɔ: {{Blockquote|text=Ashanti bidib' kuma, ti nyɛla Britiishi zuɣulana ni bo vu karili ka di nyɛla o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu, din nya simbuli wuhiri Ashanti zaa nangban yini. Di bi yuui, siliminga ŋɔ daa kana ti ʒini ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni ka zaŋ kpɛŋ deei Ashanti ni di lee bɛ sulinsi. Di bi tu ni ti lahi tam ni naa Karikari saha, niriba ŋɔ daa lahi nyɛla ban ŋmɛ ti tobuhankali ni ku tooi deei, n-saɣim ti nayili ka nyo li buɣim bɛ ni daa va binshɛɣu kam yi dini naai. Bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ daa gbahi ti Naa mini o nabihi ka so bi yaagi o noli. Zuŋɔ, o lahi labina ni o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu. Yi nim bidibsi ni dobba, ti tu ni kuli ʒi ka niŋdi ka mani binkobiri maa? Di tuya ni ti yiɣisi zab' ti maŋ zuɣu; din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ti ʒia ka siliminsi ban niya ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni kuli bɛ zu ariʒichi kana ti ku ti ka saɣim ti nɛma, ka lahi bɔri ni bɛ zu ti salima nam kuɣu. Yiɣisim ya! Ka ti gu ka taɣi ti salima nam kuɣu ka che siliminsi ŋɔ. Din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ni ti kuli be dablim ni saha kam. M mali ʒili n-gari tooni zaŋ ya chaŋ ti tuhi siliminsi ŋɔ.}} Ashanti yiŋ linjima tali daa nyɛla din labi yiɣisi zaŋ yi o nimohi ni siliminsi ŋɔ tuhibu polo. {{citation needed|date=December 2023}} O nini daa bi tiɣidobba ŋɔ niŋsim zaŋ chaŋ siliminsi tuhi polo. Yaa Asantewaa daa ŋmɛ paɣatali ni dotali naangbakpeeni ka kpaŋsi bipuɣinsi ni yiɣisi tuhi. Ashanti mini British salima nam kuɣu tobu ka lahi booni ni li "Yaa Asantewaa tobu"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2018/apr/05/queen-mother-yaa-asantewaa-led-fight-against-briti/?page=1|title=Queen-mother Yaa Asantewaa led the fight against British colonialism|first=Herb|last=Boyd|author-link=Herb Boyd|work=[[New York Amsterdam News]]|date=5 April 2018}}</ref> – daa nyɛla naa Nana Yaa Asantewaa ni gari tooni ni tob' bihi tusaanu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html|title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire|website=blackhistoryheroes.com|language=en|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref> == Tobu maa saha mini di nyaaŋa == [[File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|thumb|Duu maa daa nyela Yaa Asantuwa sarika niriba ni daa nyeli shem]] Di daa pilila nashaara goli March  yuuni 1900, tobu maa ni daa paai gbaŋpiela maa na kumasi,  luɣsheli be ni daa saɣi n deei. Zabili maa na kuli benimi hali ni zuŋɔ kaman Kumasi zaba mini lingima nima binyera duu. Chira a shem nyaaŋa,  Gold coast zuɣulana daa timila tobu bihi 1400 tobu maa ni. Zabili maa ni, Yaa Asantuwa mini ninvuɣi pia ni anu sheba ban daa saɣisiri o _Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase, Nana Kwaku Duah, Nana Yaw Akoto, Nana Abena Nkyinkyim, Nana Osei Tutu II, Nana Adjei Kwaku, Nana Afia Kobi Serwaa Ampem, Nana Kofi Kumi, Nana Kwabena Nkyinkyim, Nana Okwan Nkyinkyim, Nana Agyeman Badu, Nana Ntiamoah, Nana Ababio, Nana Afia Nkyinkyim n ti pahi Nana Osei Bonsu _ be daa gbahi ba mi ka zaŋba n cheŋ ti bahi Seychelles. Amaa o saɣisiriba maa yuya daa bi kpe puuni litiricha kundu ŋan beni maa ni<ref>Berry, L. V., ''Ghana: a Country Study''.</ref> Tobu tuhiriba maa daa zanimi n ti bahigu tobu Anglo- Asante tobu din daa niŋ 19th century la. Lala liribu ŋɔ , Ashanti tobu bihi ban kalinli daa yaɣi tusa ayi ( 2000 ) daa kɔŋla be nyɛvuya ka British nima gba kamani ninvuɣi tuhili (1000) gba daa kɔŋ be nyɛvuya . Dini n daa nye nyɛvuya ni yi pam shelini Anglo-Ashanti tobu maa ni ka di daa niŋ la chira ayobu. Nashaara goli January dahinyini dali yuuni 1902. British daa ti bahi fa Empire sheŋa Ashanti nima maa ni daa su kamani yuun kobiga nyaaŋa, ka be lɛbigirila Ashanti nima maa British nam guriba<ref name="Boahen2003">{{cite book|last=Boahen|first=A. Adu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S4ALSvMlbzUC|title=Queen Yaa Asantewaa and the Asante-British War of 1900-1|publisher=James Currey Publishers|year=2003|isbn=978-0-85255-443-2}}</ref> Frederick Mitchell Hodgson daa zami ni Ashanti zaŋ mi bɛ salima kuɣu la nti ti o saha shɛli Ashanti nima ni daa saha n ti ni bɛ ku tooi di nasara Britain nim zuɣu. Salima Kua maa nyɛla din gaƔim ka mali dariza Ashanti tingbaŋ nyɛvuli ni tuun kurumbuni ha daa be nimaani n-ti paai yuun’ kɔbiga ayɔpɔin saha shɛli saha miriya ka bɛ daa kul mali chaŋ tiŋgbɔŋ maa. Kukɔɣili maa nyɛla zaɣ’ jilima mini zaɣ’ pinaayi din yɛliŋ mi miri ka naanyi ʒini di ʒini di zuɣusaa polo. Bɛ ni daa zaŋ salima kuɣ’ gahindili maa ti bahi ka bɛ naanyi zaŋ salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ti sɔɣi. 1920, Africa tiŋgbɔŋ niŋgbuŋ daa nyɛla salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ka bɛ daa ti tum tuun’ shɛŋa, ka bɛ daa naanyi zaŋ salima zuɣu n-kɔb’ bɛ ni ti bɛ niŋ salima zuɣ’ shɛŋa niri salima la. Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa kpila Seychelles nashaara goli October yuuni 1921. Yuma ata o kpibu nyaaŋa , nashaara goli December  beɣu pia ni ayopɔin yuuni 1924, Naa prempeh ŋun nye tuuli mini ninvuɣi sheba ban daa be Ashanti exiled kootu maa ni daa nyela soli ni be labina Ashanti. Naa Prempeh ŋun nye tuuli daa chɛmi ka Yaa Asantuwa mini ban daa pahi maa niŋgbuna n labina Ashanti ni be ti simsi ba.[15]. Queen Yaa Asantuwa teha zaŋ chɛŋ Asanti maŋ sulinsi deebu nye be ni daa baŋ sheli nashaara goli March yuuni 1957, din daa niŋ ka Ashanti yaɣa nima deei maŋsulinsi n pahi Ghana zuɣu.  Ghana n daa nye tuuli gbaŋsabila tiŋgbani ban di nasara ŋɔ maa[16] == Biehigu ni tuma n zaŋ ti Ashanti paɣaba == Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa gbaaila British sulinsi zalisi ' ramifications' maa. Ghana nima zuŋɔ nye o mi ka o nyela paɣadede ŋun zaŋ o siyaasa mini ninsalisili biehigu n suŋsi n gu ka taɣi o tingbani. O niŋsim maa daa kpehila Ashanti dabiba korusi ni tuhi British nima maa, di daa yina ni di mali bukaata ni o ni nye so maa.[17] == O zaashee zaŋ chaŋ yelttɔɣikura kaya ni taada yuli zalibu == Yaa Asantewaa na nyela ninvuɣi so be ni yu Ashanti yeɣili mini Ghana yaɣa pam zaŋ kpa kurumbuna lahabaya polo, o tuma daa nyela o zabirila British sulinsi. O nyela ŋun daa <nowiki>''immortalized''</nowiki> yilli sheli ŋan do gbunni ŋɔ puuni. Koo koo hin koo Yaa Asantewaa ee! Obaa basia Ogyina apremo ano ee! Waye be egyae Na Wabo mmode Ti yi yen lihi anfaabi nima zaŋ kpa bipuɣinsi tooni tali polo ti Ghana ŋɔ,  Yaa Asantuwa Girl's bikura shikuru daa zalila Kumasi yuuni 1960, ka di nyela Ghana baŋsim bobu yaɣili.[23] Yuuni 2000, bakoi yini chuɣu daa puhila Ghana ni di yi Yaa Asantuwa  nasara dibo n wuhi salo. Chuɣu ŋɔ puuni, museum daa dedicate mi n ti o la Kwaso din be Ejisu-Juaben yaɣili la ni nashaara goli August dabaa ata dali yuuni 2000. Nasara kalinsi, buɣim daa dila be yelikura maa sheŋa  o namda mini o tobu nema daa pahiya nashaara goli July yuuni 2004.(batakarikese) a ni nya sheli anfooni ŋan bɛ zuɣu saa maa ni maa.[24][25] Queen mother so ŋun na ʒi Ejisu gbana ŋɔ zuɣu nyela Yaa Asantuwa ŋun pahi ayi. Yaa Asantuwa chuɣu ŋan pahi ayi daa niŋla nashaara goli August dabisili yini zaŋ chaŋ dabaa anu yuuni 2006 Ejisu tiŋgbani ni.[26] Pumpoŋɔ boligu din daa boli ni be mɛ Yaa Asantuwa binkura biehigu shee Yaa Asantuwa senta din be Maida Vale, west London, nyela gbaŋsabila- Caribbean mebu mini tiŋa dema dug.[27] be daa zali li la yuuni 1986[28] ka zaŋ o yuli n bolili. Lala duu ŋɔ zanimi n ti ti kaya dema duu ni tiŋa ni laɣinsi ka di nyela di borimi ni de kpuɣi ti gbansabila tiŋgbani polo zuɣu saa UK tingbani ni. Niniyula kpandɔɣu puuni lahabaya Ivor Agyeman-Duah, ni yihi sheli na ka boli di yuli Yaa Asantuwa _.  Exile zuɣulana Prempeh mini Paɣa dede Gbansabila tiŋgbani puuni daa yihimi n wuhi salo la Ghana tiŋgbani ni yuuni2001.[29] Kundu shɛli be ni bol 'i stage show' ka di nyela Margaret Busby n daa sabi li : Yaa Asantuwa : paɣa tobituhira,  Geraldine Connor n daa lihiri ka di chena n zaŋ luŋ ŋmɛri biinga pahi Kofi Guanabara[30][31] be mini pan_ African cast, gili la UK ni Ghana yuuni 2001 zaŋ hali ni 2002[32][33] Walansi dema lala sasabira maa yaha daa pirimi ni yaɣa diba anu( nashaara goli October bieɣu pia ni ata zaŋ chaŋ bieɣu pia ni apɔin yuuni 2003) [34] BBC radio paɣaba  anahi saha daa beni n ti pahi Glenna Foster- Jones ni Jack Klaff, Pam Fraser Solomon n daa yuuni di zuɣu, ka Gbemisola Ikumelo, ni Nana Tsiboe, Kofi Adu,Jojo Yates , Asabre Quaye ni AtongoZimba.[35][36][37] Yuuni 2018 album din daa yina British jazz troupe bidibsi zaŋ ti kemet, Yi paɣa dede maa nyela 'Reptile ' n zaŋ gbansabilli paɣa yu zalibo kurumbuna maa ni n  boli yila . Yaa Asantuwa yuli n daa bɛ yilli ŋan pahi ayopɔin ni " My Queen is Yaa Asantuwa ". Yaa Asantuwa daa nyela duniya zaa ni daa mi so yela ka di nyela o kpaŋmaŋa zaŋ cheŋ paɣaba " rights mini freedom. Germany tiŋgbani ni be daa zaŋla o yuli n ti pini sheli ka di nyela be nintiɣili ni gbansabila tiŋgbani paɣaba kpaŋmaŋa == Kundivihira == <references /> c8p54feohulzm62qu78v8pwlpjtkda2 116188 116187 2025-06-24T16:00:53Z Alhaj Darajaati 22 Added some information 116188 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Bio}} [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu.jpg|thumb|Ya Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu]] [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa Museum (4).jpg|thumb|Yaa Asantewaa Museum]] '''Yaa Asantewaa I''' ({{Circa}} 1840 – 17 ''[[October]]'' 1921) daa nyɛla napaɣa so ŋun zani n-ti Ejisu yaɣili din be ''Ashanti Empire'' la, [[Ghana]]. O beli, Nana Akwasi Afrane Okese, ŋun daa nyɛ Edwesuhene, bee Edwesu naa, n-daa dihi o nam ŋɔ. Yuuni 1900 pulini, o daa gari tooni n-tuhi Kanbonsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ ni lahi m-booni salima kuɣu tɔbu(War of the Golden Stool) la, bee Yaa Asantewaa tɔbu maŋsulinsi, tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British Empire ni daa tuhi la.<ref>[[Kwame Anthony Appiah|Appiah, Kwame Anthony]], and [[Henry Louis Gates, Jr.]] (eds), ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience'', 1999, p.{{nbsp}}276.</ref> == Taarihi == Bɛ daa dɔɣila Yaa Asantewaa 1840 yuuni tiŋ' din yuli booni Besease la. O laamba n-daa nyɛ Kwaku Ampoma mini Ata Po. O beli, Afrane Panin, daa lebila naa n-zaŋ ti Edweso , tiŋ' din daa m-baɣi ba. O daa kola binbira poli shɛli din m-baɣi tiŋ' din yuli booni Boankra la. O daa kuli la [[Kumasi|Kumahi]] doo, ka doo maa daa lee mali paɣa, ka bɛ daa dɔɣi bipuɣinbila.<ref name="dq">{{Cite web|last=Korsah, Chantal|date=22 July 2016|title=Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=20 February 2017|publisher=Dangerous Women}}</ref> Asantewaa daa kpila tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1921. O daa nyɛla pukpara ka lahi nyɛ ma suŋ. O daa nyɛla baŋsim lana, siyaasa nira, napaɣa ka lahi nyɛ tɔbu toondana. Yaa Asantewaa yuli daa yila polo ka di nyɛla o ni daa mali yaa n-gari kambɔŋ nanima maa zuɣu, Yaa Asantewaa tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British nima ni daa tuhiri ni bi gu salima nam kuɣ' maa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nana Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=2020-01-11|website=nanayaaasantewaa.de|archive-date=2022-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411021631/http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Prelude to rebellion== Yaa Asantewaa beli, Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase daa nyɛla ŋun za zaashe karili ka daa piigi Asantewaa n-leegi o napaɣa. Di daa nyɛla zaashe karili din mali yuli pam<ref>{{Cite web |title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire |url=https://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html |access-date=2024-11-05 |language=en}}</ref> dama o tuma n-daa nyɛ li ni o gu ka taɣi salima nam kuɣu, n-tiri Ashanti Naa saɣisiɣu, ka piiri niriba ban tu ni bɛ tooi lee nanima naa maa nyaaŋa. O beli ŋɔ nam saha, Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla ŋun yɛla pam din niŋ ka mali barina ti bɛ sɔɣibiɛɣuni,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gold Coast: The Yaa Asantewaa War |url=https://vocal.media/history/the-gold-coast-the-yaa-asantewaa-war |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=History |language=en}}</ref> nti pahi tɔbu din daa ŋmɛ yuuni 1883 hali ni yuuni 1888.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-24 |title=Igboho and allegory of Asantehene golden stool |url=https://www.thecable.ng/igboho-and-allegory-of-asantehene-golden-stool |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Din daa niŋ ka o beli ŋɔ kpi yuuni 1894, Yaa Asantewaa daa zaŋ ya' shɛli o ni mali m-piigi o yaaŋa ka o leegi<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|title=Yaa Asantewaa|date=2016-07-22|website=Dangerous Women Project|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> Ejisuhene. Di ni daa niŋ ka Britiishi kari o yaaŋa ŋɔ tahi [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1896, nti pahi Naa Prempeh I mini ninvuɣu shɛba Ashanti tiŋgbani ni, Yaa Asantewaa daa lee gbaŋlana ti Ejisu–Juaben yaɣili. Naa Prempeh{{nbsp}}I kari yihi nyaaŋa, Britiishi zuɣulana ti [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]], Frederick Hodgson, daa zami ni shee o deei bɛ salima nam kuɣu din nya simbuli Ashanti tiŋgbani.<ref name=dq/> Lala yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ maa daa che ka Ashanti niriba ban daa na beni laɣim ʒini ni bɛ tɔ jina zaŋ yi bɛ ni yɛn niŋ shɛm ka labisi bɛ naa na. Nangbakpeeni daa luna zaŋ yi bɛ ni niŋ shɛm. Yaa Asantewaa, ŋun daa be laɣingu ŋɔ ni, daa vaai yiɣisi zani ka di fiila ŋɔ: {{blockquote|Wula ka ninvuɣu kpɛma ni bidibsi ka mani Ashantinima yɛn ʒia yuuni ka siliminga kana ti gbuɣi bɛ nanima, ka dihi ba bi zaŋ yi bɛ ni bɔri bɛ salima nam kuɣu shɛm. Salima kuɣu nyɛla ariʒichi ti siliminsi ŋɔ bana; Bɛ gbi luɣili kam bɔri la di shee. Man' ku yo hali kobo janjani ti bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ. Di yi niŋ ka yi nanima ŋɔ yɛn be ka dabiɛma nima ka ku tuhi, din ŋuna paamiya yin chinchina na ŋɔ na ka dee n-pɛto.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12">{{Cite journal|last=Aidoo|first=Agnes Akosua|year=1977|title=Asante Queen Mothers in Government and Politics in the Nineteenth Century|journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria|volume=9|issue=1|page=12|jstor=41857049}}</ref>}} N-yɛn wuhi o nimohi zaŋ chaŋ tobu polo, Yaa Asantewaa daa darigi deei malifa luhi buɣim dobba ŋɔ tooni.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12" /> Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla Ashanti na shɛba ni ni piigi ni o lee toondana ʒi tob' bihi chaŋ tobu maa. Ŋɔ nyɛla tuuli ni di ko Ashanti taarihi ni ka bɛ ti paɣa lala soli. <ref>{{Cite journal|first=Arhin|last= Brempong|year=2000|title=The role of Nana Yaa Asantewaa in the 1900 Asante War of Resistance|url=http://people.ucalgary.ca/~taarn/LeGriot/article4.pdf|journal=Le Griot|volume= VIII|via=ucalgary.ca}}</ref> Yaa Asantewaa daa kpaŋsi ka nyɛm o niriba ŋɔ ni ni bɛ chaŋ ti tuhi Britiishinim' ŋɔ ni fiila ŋɔ: {{Blockquote|text=Ashanti bidib' kuma, ti nyɛla Britiishi zuɣulana ni bo vu karili ka di nyɛla o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu, din nya simbuli wuhiri Ashanti zaa nangban yini. Di bi yuui, siliminga ŋɔ daa kana ti ʒini ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni ka zaŋ kpɛŋ deei Ashanti ni di lee bɛ sulinsi. Di bi tu ni ti lahi tam ni naa Karikari saha, niriba ŋɔ daa lahi nyɛla ban ŋmɛ ti tobuhankali ni ku tooi deei, n-saɣim ti nayili ka nyo li buɣim bɛ ni daa va binshɛɣu kam yi dini naai. Bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ daa gbahi ti Naa mini o nabihi ka so bi yaagi o noli. Zuŋɔ, o lahi labina ni o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu. Yi nim bidibsi ni dobba, ti tu ni kuli ʒi ka niŋdi ka mani binkobiri maa? Di tuya ni ti yiɣisi zab' ti maŋ zuɣu; din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ti ʒia ka siliminsi ban niya ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni kuli bɛ zu ariʒichi kana ti ku ti ka saɣim ti nɛma, ka lahi bɔri ni bɛ zu ti salima nam kuɣu. Yiɣisim ya! Ka ti gu ka taɣi ti salima nam kuɣu ka che siliminsi ŋɔ. Din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ni ti kuli be dablim ni saha kam. M mali ʒili n-gari tooni zaŋ ya chaŋ ti tuhi siliminsi ŋɔ.}} Ashanti yiŋ linjima tali daa nyɛla din labi yiɣisi zaŋ yi o nimohi ni siliminsi ŋɔ tuhibu polo. {{citation needed|date=December 2023}} O nini daa bi tiɣidobba ŋɔ niŋsim zaŋ chaŋ siliminsi tuhi polo. Yaa Asantewaa daa ŋmɛ paɣatali ni dotali naangbakpeeni ka kpaŋsi bipuɣinsi ni yiɣisi tuhi. Ashanti mini British salima nam kuɣu tobu ka lahi booni ni li "Yaa Asantewaa tobu"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2018/apr/05/queen-mother-yaa-asantewaa-led-fight-against-briti/?page=1|title=Queen-mother Yaa Asantewaa led the fight against British colonialism|first=Herb|last=Boyd|author-link=Herb Boyd|work=[[New York Amsterdam News]]|date=5 April 2018}}</ref> – daa nyɛla naa Nana Yaa Asantewaa ni gari tooni ni tob' bihi tusaanu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html|title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire|website=blackhistoryheroes.com|language=en|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref> == Tobu maa saha mini di nyaaŋa == [[File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|thumb|Duu maa daa nyela Yaa Asantuwa sarika niriba ni daa nyeli shem]] Di daa pilila nashaara goli March  yuuni 1900, tobu maa ni daa paai gbaŋpiela maa na kumasi,  luɣsheli be ni daa saɣi n deei. Zabili maa na kuli benimi hali ni zuŋɔ kaman Kumasi zaba mini lingima nima binyera duu. Chira a shem nyaaŋa,  Gold coast zuɣulana daa timila tobu bihi 1400 tobu maa ni. Zabili maa ni, Yaa Asantuwa mini ninvuɣi pia ni anu sheba ban daa saɣisiri o _Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase, Nana Kwaku Duah, Nana Yaw Akoto, Nana Abena Nkyinkyim, Nana Osei Tutu II, Nana Adjei Kwaku, Nana Afia Kobi Serwaa Ampem, Nana Kofi Kumi, Nana Kwabena Nkyinkyim, Nana Okwan Nkyinkyim, Nana Agyeman Badu, Nana Ntiamoah, Nana Ababio, Nana Afia Nkyinkyim n ti pahi Nana Osei Bonsu _ be daa gbahi ba mi ka zaŋba n cheŋ ti bahi Seychelles. Amaa o saɣisiriba maa yuya daa bi kpe puuni litiricha kundu ŋan beni maa ni<ref>Berry, L. V., ''Ghana: a Country Study''.</ref> Tobu tuhiriba maa daa zanimi n ti bahigu tobu Anglo- Asante tobu din daa niŋ 19th century la. Lala liribu ŋɔ , Ashanti tobu bihi ban kalinli daa yaɣi tusa ayi ( 2000 ) daa kɔŋla be nyɛvuya ka British nima gba kamani ninvuɣi tuhili (1000) gba daa kɔŋ be nyɛvuya . Dini n daa nye nyɛvuya ni yi pam shelini Anglo-Ashanti tobu maa ni ka di daa niŋ la chira ayobu. Nashaara goli January dahinyini dali yuuni 1902. British daa ti bahi fa Empire sheŋa Ashanti nima maa ni daa su kamani yuun kobiga nyaaŋa, ka be lɛbigirila Ashanti nima maa British nam guriba<ref name="Boahen2003">{{cite book|last=Boahen|first=A. Adu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S4ALSvMlbzUC|title=Queen Yaa Asantewaa and the Asante-British War of 1900-1|publisher=James Currey Publishers|year=2003|isbn=978-0-85255-443-2}}</ref> Frederick Mitchell Hodgson daa zami ni Ashanti zaŋ mi bɛ salima kuɣu la nti ti o saha shɛli Ashanti nima ni daa saha n ti ni bɛ ku tooi di nasara Britain nim zuɣu. Salima Kua maa nyɛla din gaƔim ka mali dariza Ashanti tingbaŋ nyɛvuli ni tuun kurumbuni ha daa be nimaani n-ti paai yuun’ kɔbiga ayɔpɔin saha shɛli saha miriya ka bɛ daa kul mali chaŋ tiŋgbɔŋ maa. Kukɔɣili maa nyɛla zaɣ’ jilima mini zaɣ’ pinaayi din yɛliŋ mi miri ka naanyi ʒini di ʒini di zuɣusaa polo. Bɛ ni daa zaŋ salima kuɣ’ gahindili maa ti bahi ka bɛ naanyi zaŋ salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ti sɔɣi. 1920, Africa tiŋgbɔŋ niŋgbuŋ daa nyɛla salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ka bɛ daa ti tum tuun’ shɛŋa, ka bɛ daa naanyi zaŋ salima zuɣu n-kɔb’ bɛ ni ti bɛ niŋ salima zuɣ’ shɛŋa niri salima la. Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa kpila Seychelles nashaara goli October yuuni 1921. Yuma ata o kpibu nyaaŋa , nashaara goli December  beɣu pia ni ayopɔin yuuni 1924, Naa prempeh ŋun nye tuuli mini ninvuɣi sheba ban daa be Ashanti exiled kootu maa ni daa nyela soli ni be labina Ashanti. Naa Prempeh ŋun nye tuuli daa chɛmi ka Yaa Asantuwa mini ban daa pahi maa niŋgbuna n labina Ashanti ni be ti simsi ba.[15]. Queen Yaa Asantuwa teha zaŋ chɛŋ Asanti maŋ sulinsi deebu nye be ni daa baŋ sheli nashaara goli March yuuni 1957, din daa niŋ ka Ashanti yaɣa nima deei maŋsulinsi n pahi Ghana zuɣu.  Ghana n daa nye tuuli gbaŋsabila tiŋgbani ban di nasara ŋɔ maa[16] == Biehigu ni tuma n zaŋ ti Ashanti paɣaba == Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa gbaaila British sulinsi zalisi ' ramifications' maa. Ghana nima zuŋɔ nye o mi ka o nyela paɣadede ŋun zaŋ o siyaasa mini ninsalisili biehigu n suŋsi n gu ka taɣi o tingbani. O niŋsim maa daa kpehila Ashanti dabiba korusi ni tuhi British nima maa, di daa yina ni di mali bukaata ni o ni nye so maa.[17] == O zaashee zaŋ chaŋ yelttɔɣikura kaya ni taada yuli zalibu == Yaa Asantewaa na nyela ninvuɣi so be ni yu Ashanti yeɣili mini Ghana yaɣa pam zaŋ kpa kurumbuna lahabaya polo, o tuma daa nyela o zabirila British sulinsi. O nyela ŋun daa <nowiki>''immortalized''</nowiki> yilli sheli ŋan do gbunni ŋɔ puuni. Koo koo hin koo Yaa Asantewaa ee! Obaa basia Ogyina apremo ano ee! Waye be egyae Na Wabo mmode Ti yi yen lihi anfaabi nima zaŋ kpa bipuɣinsi tooni tali polo ti Ghana ŋɔ,  Yaa Asantuwa Girl's bikura shikuru daa zalila Kumasi yuuni 1960, ka di nyela Ghana baŋsim bobu yaɣili.[23] Yuuni 2000, bakoi yini chuɣu daa puhila Ghana ni di yi Yaa Asantuwa  nasara dibo n wuhi salo. Chuɣu ŋɔ puuni, museum daa dedicate mi n ti o la Kwaso din be Ejisu-Juaben yaɣili la ni nashaara goli August dabaa ata dali yuuni 2000. Nasara kalinsi, buɣim daa dila be yelikura maa sheŋa  o namda mini o tobu nema daa pahiya nashaara goli July yuuni 2004.(batakarikese) a ni nya sheli anfooni ŋan bɛ zuɣu saa maa ni maa.[24][25] Queen mother so ŋun na ʒi Ejisu gbana ŋɔ zuɣu nyela Yaa Asantuwa ŋun pahi ayi. Yaa Asantuwa chuɣu ŋan pahi ayi daa niŋla nashaara goli August dabisili yini zaŋ chaŋ dabaa anu yuuni 2006 Ejisu tiŋgbani ni.[26] Pumpoŋɔ boligu din daa boli ni be mɛ Yaa Asantuwa binkura biehigu shee Yaa Asantuwa senta din be Maida Vale, west London, nyela gbaŋsabila- Caribbean mebu mini tiŋa dema dug.[27] be daa zali li la yuuni 1986[28] ka zaŋ o yuli n bolili. Lala duu ŋɔ zanimi n ti ti kaya dema duu ni tiŋa ni laɣinsi ka di nyela di borimi ni de kpuɣi ti gbansabila tiŋgbani polo zuɣu saa UK tingbani ni. Niniyula kpandɔɣu puuni lahabaya Ivor Agyeman-Duah, ni yihi sheli na ka boli di yuli Yaa Asantuwa _.  Exile zuɣulana Prempeh mini Paɣa dede Gbansabila tiŋgbani puuni daa yihimi n wuhi salo la Ghana tiŋgbani ni yuuni2001.[29] Kundu shɛli be ni bol 'i stage show' ka di nyela Margaret Busby n daa sabi li : Yaa Asantuwa : paɣa tobituhira,  Geraldine Connor n daa lihiri ka di chena n zaŋ luŋ ŋmɛri biinga pahi Kofi Guanabara[30][31] be mini pan_ African cast, gili la UK ni Ghana yuuni 2001 zaŋ hali ni 2002[32][33] Walansi dema lala sasabira maa yaha daa pirimi ni yaɣa diba anu( nashaara goli October bieɣu pia ni ata zaŋ chaŋ bieɣu pia ni apɔin yuuni 2003) [34] BBC radio paɣaba  anahi saha daa beni n ti pahi Glenna Foster- Jones ni Jack Klaff, Pam Fraser Solomon n daa yuuni di zuɣu, ka Gbemisola Ikumelo, ni Nana Tsiboe, Kofi Adu,Jojo Yates , Asabre Quaye ni AtongoZimba.[35][36][37] Yuuni 2018 album din daa yina British jazz troupe bidibsi zaŋ ti kemet, Yi paɣa dede maa nyela 'Reptile ' n zaŋ gbansabilli paɣa yu zalibo kurumbuna maa ni n  boli yila . Yaa Asantuwa yuli n daa bɛ yilli ŋan pahi ayopɔin ni " My Queen is Yaa Asantuwa ". Yaa Asantuwa daa nyela duniya zaa ni daa mi so yela ka di nyela o kpaŋmaŋa zaŋ cheŋ paɣaba " rights mini freedom. Germany tiŋgbani ni be daa zaŋla o yuli n ti pini sheli ka di nyela be nintiɣili ni gbansabila tiŋgbani paɣaba kpaŋmaŋa == Kundivihira == <references /> 9ntbhdmnj71di1b0l3d1slsvy597s99 116195 116188 2025-06-24T20:19:11Z Tunteeya1 5942 Added some text 116195 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Bio}} [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu.jpg|thumb|Ya Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu]] [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa Museum (4).jpg|thumb|Yaa Asantewaa Museum]] '''Yaa Asantewaa I''' ({{Circa}} 1840 – 17 ''[[October]]'' 1921) daa nyɛla napaɣa so ŋun zani n-ti Ejisu yaɣili din be ''Ashanti Empire'' la saha ŋɔ di pa nyɛla [[Ghana]] yaɣi shɛli.o tizodoo Nana Akwasi Afrane Okese n-daa nyɛ ŋun daa piigi o "Edwesuhene" bee Edwesu naa, n-daa dihi o nam ŋɔ. Yuuni 1900 pulini, o daa gari tooni n-tuhi Kanbonsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ ni lahi m-booni salima kuɣu tɔbu(War of the Golden Stool) la, bee Yaa Asantewaa tɔbu maŋsulinsi, tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British Empire ni daa tuhi la.<ref>[[Kwame Anthony Appiah|Appiah, Kwame Anthony]], and [[Henry Louis Gates, Jr.]] (eds), ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience'', 1999, p.{{nbsp}}276.</ref> == Taarihi == Bɛ daa dɔɣila Yaa Asantewaa 1840 yuuni tiŋ' din yuli booni Besease la. O laamba n-daa nyɛ Kwaku Ampoma mini Ata Po. O beli, Afrane Panin, daa lebila naa n-zaŋ ti Edweso , tiŋ' din daa m-baɣi ba. O daa kola binbira poli shɛli din m-baɣi tiŋ' din yuli booni Boankra la. O daa kuli la [[Kumasi|Kumahi]] doo, ka doo maa daa lee mali paɣa, ka bɛ daa dɔɣi bipuɣinbila.<ref name="dq">{{Cite web|last=Korsah, Chantal|date=22 July 2016|title=Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=20 February 2017|publisher=Dangerous Women}}</ref> Asantewaa daa kpila tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1921. O daa nyɛla pukpara ka lahi nyɛ ma suŋ. O daa nyɛla baŋsim lana, siyaasa nira, napaɣa ka lahi nyɛ tɔbu toondana. Yaa Asantewaa yuli daa yila polo ka di nyɛla o ni daa mali yaa n-gari kambɔŋ nanima maa zuɣu, Yaa Asantewaa tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British nima ni daa tuhiri ni bi gu salima nam kuɣ' maa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nana Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=2020-01-11|website=nanayaaasantewaa.de|archive-date=2022-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411021631/http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Prelude to rebellion== Yaa Asantewaa beli, Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase daa nyɛla ŋun za zaashe karili ka daa piigi Asantewaa n-leegi o napaɣa. Di daa nyɛla zaashe karili din mali yuli pam<ref>{{Cite web |title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire |url=https://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html |access-date=2024-11-05 |language=en}}</ref> dama o tuma n-daa nyɛ li ni o gu ka taɣi salima nam kuɣu, n-tiri Ashanti Naa saɣisiɣu, ka piiri niriba ban tu ni bɛ tooi lee nanima naa maa nyaaŋa. O beli ŋɔ nam saha, Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla ŋun yɛla pam din niŋ ka mali barina ti bɛ sɔɣibiɛɣuni,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gold Coast: The Yaa Asantewaa War |url=https://vocal.media/history/the-gold-coast-the-yaa-asantewaa-war |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=History |language=en}}</ref> nti pahi tɔbu din daa ŋmɛ yuuni 1883 hali ni yuuni 1888.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-24 |title=Igboho and allegory of Asantehene golden stool |url=https://www.thecable.ng/igboho-and-allegory-of-asantehene-golden-stool |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Din daa niŋ ka o beli ŋɔ kpi yuuni 1894, Yaa Asantewaa daa zaŋ ya' shɛli o ni mali m-piigi o yaaŋa ka o leegi<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|title=Yaa Asantewaa|date=2016-07-22|website=Dangerous Women Project|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> Ejisuhene. Di ni daa niŋ ka Britiishi kari o yaaŋa ŋɔ tahi [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1896, nti pahi Naa Prempeh I mini ninvuɣu shɛba Ashanti tiŋgbani ni, Yaa Asantewaa daa lee gbaŋlana ti Ejisu–Juaben yaɣili. Naa Prempeh{{nbsp}}I kari yihi nyaaŋa, Britiishi zuɣulana ti [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]], Frederick Hodgson, daa zami ni shee o deei bɛ salima nam kuɣu din nya simbuli Ashanti tiŋgbani.<ref name=dq/> Lala yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ maa daa che ka Ashanti niriba ban daa na beni laɣim ʒini ni bɛ tɔ jina zaŋ yi bɛ ni yɛn niŋ shɛm ka labisi bɛ naa na. Nangbakpeeni daa luna zaŋ yi bɛ ni niŋ shɛm. Yaa Asantewaa, ŋun daa be laɣingu ŋɔ ni, daa vaai yiɣisi zani ka di fiila ŋɔ: {{blockquote|Wula ka ninvuɣu kpɛma ni bidibsi ka mani Ashantinima yɛn ʒia yuuni ka siliminga kana ti gbuɣi bɛ nanima, ka dihi ba bi zaŋ yi bɛ ni bɔri bɛ salima nam kuɣu shɛm. Salima kuɣu nyɛla ariʒichi ti siliminsi ŋɔ bana; Bɛ gbi luɣili kam bɔri la di shee. Man' ku yo hali kobo janjani ti bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ. Di yi niŋ ka yi nanima ŋɔ yɛn be ka dabiɛma nima ka ku tuhi, din ŋuna paamiya yin chinchina na ŋɔ na ka dee n-pɛto.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12">{{Cite journal|last=Aidoo|first=Agnes Akosua|year=1977|title=Asante Queen Mothers in Government and Politics in the Nineteenth Century|journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria|volume=9|issue=1|page=12|jstor=41857049}}</ref>}} N-yɛn wuhi o nimohi zaŋ chaŋ tobu polo, Yaa Asantewaa daa darigi deei malifa luhi buɣim dobba ŋɔ tooni.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12" /> Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla Ashanti na shɛba ni ni piigi ni o lee toondana ʒi tob' bihi chaŋ tobu maa. Ŋɔ nyɛla tuuli ni di ko Ashanti taarihi ni ka bɛ ti paɣa lala soli. <ref>{{Cite journal|first=Arhin|last= Brempong|year=2000|title=The role of Nana Yaa Asantewaa in the 1900 Asante War of Resistance|url=http://people.ucalgary.ca/~taarn/LeGriot/article4.pdf|journal=Le Griot|volume= VIII|via=ucalgary.ca}}</ref> Yaa Asantewaa daa kpaŋsi ka nyɛm o niriba ŋɔ ni ni bɛ chaŋ ti tuhi Britiishinim' ŋɔ ni fiila ŋɔ: {{Blockquote|text=Ashanti bidib' kuma, ti nyɛla Britiishi zuɣulana ni bo vu karili ka di nyɛla o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu, din nya simbuli wuhiri Ashanti zaa nangban yini. Di bi yuui, siliminga ŋɔ daa kana ti ʒini ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni ka zaŋ kpɛŋ deei Ashanti ni di lee bɛ sulinsi. Di bi tu ni ti lahi tam ni naa Karikari saha, niriba ŋɔ daa lahi nyɛla ban ŋmɛ ti tobuhankali ni ku tooi deei, n-saɣim ti nayili ka nyo li buɣim bɛ ni daa va binshɛɣu kam yi dini naai. Bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ daa gbahi ti Naa mini o nabihi ka so bi yaagi o noli. Zuŋɔ, o lahi labina ni o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu. Yi nim bidibsi ni dobba, ti tu ni kuli ʒi ka niŋdi ka mani binkobiri maa? Di tuya ni ti yiɣisi zab' ti maŋ zuɣu; din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ti ʒia ka siliminsi ban niya ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni kuli bɛ zu ariʒichi kana ti ku ti ka saɣim ti nɛma, ka lahi bɔri ni bɛ zu ti salima nam kuɣu. Yiɣisim ya! Ka ti gu ka taɣi ti salima nam kuɣu ka che siliminsi ŋɔ. Din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ni ti kuli be dablim ni saha kam. M mali ʒili n-gari tooni zaŋ ya chaŋ ti tuhi siliminsi ŋɔ.}} Ashanti yiŋ linjima tali daa nyɛla din labi yiɣisi zaŋ yi o nimohi ni siliminsi ŋɔ tuhibu polo. {{citation needed|date=December 2023}} O nini daa bi tiɣidobba ŋɔ niŋsim zaŋ chaŋ siliminsi tuhi polo. Yaa Asantewaa daa ŋmɛ paɣatali ni dotali naangbakpeeni ka kpaŋsi bipuɣinsi ni yiɣisi tuhi. Ashanti mini British salima nam kuɣu tobu ka lahi booni ni li "Yaa Asantewaa tobu"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2018/apr/05/queen-mother-yaa-asantewaa-led-fight-against-briti/?page=1|title=Queen-mother Yaa Asantewaa led the fight against British colonialism|first=Herb|last=Boyd|author-link=Herb Boyd|work=[[New York Amsterdam News]]|date=5 April 2018}}</ref> – daa nyɛla naa Nana Yaa Asantewaa ni gari tooni ni tob' bihi tusaanu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html|title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire|website=blackhistoryheroes.com|language=en|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref> == Tobu maa saha mini di nyaaŋa == [[File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|thumb|Duu maa daa nyela Yaa Asantuwa sarika niriba ni daa nyeli shem]] Di daa pilila nashaara goli March  yuuni 1900, tobu maa ni daa paai gbaŋpiela maa na kumasi,  luɣsheli be ni daa saɣi n deei. Zabili maa na kuli benimi hali ni zuŋɔ kaman Kumasi zaba mini lingima nima binyera duu. Chira a shem nyaaŋa,  Gold coast zuɣulana daa timila tobu bihi 1400 tobu maa ni. Zabili maa ni, Yaa Asantuwa mini ninvuɣi pia ni anu sheba ban daa saɣisiri o _Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase, Nana Kwaku Duah, Nana Yaw Akoto, Nana Abena Nkyinkyim, Nana Osei Tutu II, Nana Adjei Kwaku, Nana Afia Kobi Serwaa Ampem, Nana Kofi Kumi, Nana Kwabena Nkyinkyim, Nana Okwan Nkyinkyim, Nana Agyeman Badu, Nana Ntiamoah, Nana Ababio, Nana Afia Nkyinkyim n ti pahi Nana Osei Bonsu _ be daa gbahi ba mi ka zaŋba n cheŋ ti bahi Seychelles. Amaa o saɣisiriba maa yuya daa bi kpe puuni litiricha kundu ŋan beni maa ni<ref>Berry, L. V., ''Ghana: a Country Study''.</ref> Tobu tuhiriba maa daa zanimi n ti bahigu tobu Anglo- Asante tobu din daa niŋ 19th century la. Lala liribu ŋɔ , Ashanti tobu bihi ban kalinli daa yaɣi tusa ayi ( 2000 ) daa kɔŋla be nyɛvuya ka British nima gba kamani ninvuɣi tuhili (1000) gba daa kɔŋ be nyɛvuya . Dini n daa nye nyɛvuya ni yi pam shelini Anglo-Ashanti tobu maa ni ka di daa niŋ la chira ayobu. Nashaara goli January dahinyini dali yuuni 1902. British daa ti bahi fa Empire sheŋa Ashanti nima maa ni daa su kamani yuun kobiga nyaaŋa, ka be lɛbigirila Ashanti nima maa British nam guriba<ref name="Boahen2003">{{cite book|last=Boahen|first=A. Adu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S4ALSvMlbzUC|title=Queen Yaa Asantewaa and the Asante-British War of 1900-1|publisher=James Currey Publishers|year=2003|isbn=978-0-85255-443-2}}</ref> Frederick Mitchell Hodgson daa zami ni Ashanti zaŋ mi bɛ salima kuɣu la nti ti o saha shɛli Ashanti nima ni daa saha n ti ni bɛ ku tooi di nasara Britain nim zuɣu. Salima Kua maa nyɛla din gaƔim ka mali dariza Ashanti tingbaŋ nyɛvuli ni tuun kurumbuni ha daa be nimaani n-ti paai yuun’ kɔbiga ayɔpɔin saha shɛli saha miriya ka bɛ daa kul mali chaŋ tiŋgbɔŋ maa. Kukɔɣili maa nyɛla zaɣ’ jilima mini zaɣ’ pinaayi din yɛliŋ mi miri ka naanyi ʒini di ʒini di zuɣusaa polo. Bɛ ni daa zaŋ salima kuɣ’ gahindili maa ti bahi ka bɛ naanyi zaŋ salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ti sɔɣi. 1920, Africa tiŋgbɔŋ niŋgbuŋ daa nyɛla salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ka bɛ daa ti tum tuun’ shɛŋa, ka bɛ daa naanyi zaŋ salima zuɣu n-kɔb’ bɛ ni ti bɛ niŋ salima zuɣ’ shɛŋa niri salima la. Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa kpila Seychelles nashaara goli October yuuni 1921. Yuma ata o kpibu nyaaŋa , nashaara goli December  beɣu pia ni ayopɔin yuuni 1924, Naa prempeh ŋun nye tuuli mini ninvuɣi sheba ban daa be Ashanti exiled kootu maa ni daa nyela soli ni be labina Ashanti. Naa Prempeh ŋun nye tuuli daa chɛmi ka Yaa Asantuwa mini ban daa pahi maa niŋgbuna n labina Ashanti ni be ti simsi ba.[15]. Queen Yaa Asantuwa teha zaŋ chɛŋ Asanti maŋ sulinsi deebu nye be ni daa baŋ sheli nashaara goli March yuuni 1957, din daa niŋ ka Ashanti yaɣa nima deei maŋsulinsi n pahi Ghana zuɣu.  Ghana n daa nye tuuli gbaŋsabila tiŋgbani ban di nasara ŋɔ maa[16] == Biehigu ni tuma n zaŋ ti Ashanti paɣaba == Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa gbaaila British sulinsi zalisi ' ramifications' maa. Ghana nima zuŋɔ nye o mi ka o nyela paɣadede ŋun zaŋ o siyaasa mini ninsalisili biehigu n suŋsi n gu ka taɣi o tingbani. O niŋsim maa daa kpehila Ashanti dabiba korusi ni tuhi British nima maa, di daa yina ni di mali bukaata ni o ni nye so maa.[17] == O zaashee zaŋ chaŋ yelttɔɣikura kaya ni taada yuli zalibu == Yaa Asantewaa na nyela ninvuɣi so be ni yu Ashanti yeɣili mini Ghana yaɣa pam zaŋ kpa kurumbuna lahabaya polo, o tuma daa nyela o zabirila British sulinsi. O nyela ŋun daa <nowiki>''immortalized''</nowiki> yilli sheli ŋan do gbunni ŋɔ puuni. Koo koo hin koo Yaa Asantewaa ee! Obaa basia Ogyina apremo ano ee! Waye be egyae Na Wabo mmode Ti yi yen lihi anfaabi nima zaŋ kpa bipuɣinsi tooni tali polo ti Ghana ŋɔ,  Yaa Asantuwa Girl's bikura shikuru daa zalila Kumasi yuuni 1960, ka di nyela Ghana baŋsim bobu yaɣili.[23] Yuuni 2000, bakoi yini chuɣu daa puhila Ghana ni di yi Yaa Asantuwa  nasara dibo n wuhi salo. Chuɣu ŋɔ puuni, museum daa dedicate mi n ti o la Kwaso din be Ejisu-Juaben yaɣili la ni nashaara goli August dabaa ata dali yuuni 2000. Nasara kalinsi, buɣim daa dila be yelikura maa sheŋa  o namda mini o tobu nema daa pahiya nashaara goli July yuuni 2004.(batakarikese) a ni nya sheli anfooni ŋan bɛ zuɣu saa maa ni maa.[24][25] Queen mother so ŋun na ʒi Ejisu gbana ŋɔ zuɣu nyela Yaa Asantuwa ŋun pahi ayi. Yaa Asantuwa chuɣu ŋan pahi ayi daa niŋla nashaara goli August dabisili yini zaŋ chaŋ dabaa anu yuuni 2006 Ejisu tiŋgbani ni.[26] Pumpoŋɔ boligu din daa boli ni be mɛ Yaa Asantuwa binkura biehigu shee Yaa Asantuwa senta din be Maida Vale, west London, nyela gbaŋsabila- Caribbean mebu mini tiŋa dema dug.[27] be daa zali li la yuuni 1986[28] ka zaŋ o yuli n bolili. Lala duu ŋɔ zanimi n ti ti kaya dema duu ni tiŋa ni laɣinsi ka di nyela di borimi ni de kpuɣi ti gbansabila tiŋgbani polo zuɣu saa UK tingbani ni. Niniyula kpandɔɣu puuni lahabaya Ivor Agyeman-Duah, ni yihi sheli na ka boli di yuli Yaa Asantuwa _.  Exile zuɣulana Prempeh mini Paɣa dede Gbansabila tiŋgbani puuni daa yihimi n wuhi salo la Ghana tiŋgbani ni yuuni2001.[29] Kundu shɛli be ni bol 'i stage show' ka di nyela Margaret Busby n daa sabi li : Yaa Asantuwa : paɣa tobituhira,  Geraldine Connor n daa lihiri ka di chena n zaŋ luŋ ŋmɛri biinga pahi Kofi Guanabara[30][31] be mini pan_ African cast, gili la UK ni Ghana yuuni 2001 zaŋ hali ni 2002[32][33] Walansi dema lala sasabira maa yaha daa pirimi ni yaɣa diba anu( nashaara goli October bieɣu pia ni ata zaŋ chaŋ bieɣu pia ni apɔin yuuni 2003) [34] BBC radio paɣaba  anahi saha daa beni n ti pahi Glenna Foster- Jones ni Jack Klaff, Pam Fraser Solomon n daa yuuni di zuɣu, ka Gbemisola Ikumelo, ni Nana Tsiboe, Kofi Adu,Jojo Yates , Asabre Quaye ni AtongoZimba.[35][36][37] Yuuni 2018 album din daa yina British jazz troupe bidibsi zaŋ ti kemet, Yi paɣa dede maa nyela 'Reptile ' n zaŋ gbansabilli paɣa yu zalibo kurumbuna maa ni n  boli yila . Yaa Asantuwa yuli n daa bɛ yilli ŋan pahi ayopɔin ni " My Queen is Yaa Asantuwa ". Yaa Asantuwa daa nyela duniya zaa ni daa mi so yela ka di nyela o kpaŋmaŋa zaŋ cheŋ paɣaba " rights mini freedom. Germany tiŋgbani ni be daa zaŋla o yuli n ti pini sheli ka di nyela be nintiɣili ni gbansabila tiŋgbani paɣaba kpaŋmaŋa == Kundivihira == <references /> lphff9ukd3mjt4tyd104kgdwjrbnr1r 116196 116195 2025-06-24T20:25:21Z Tunteeya1 5942 Updated content 116196 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Bio}} [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu.jpg|thumb|Ya Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu]] [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa Museum (4).jpg|thumb|Yaa Asantewaa Museum]] '''Yaa Asantewaa I''' ({{Circa}} 1840 – 17 ''[[October]]'' 1921) daa nyɛla napaɣa so ŋun zani n-ti Ejisu yaɣili din be ''Ashanti Empire'' la saha ŋɔ di pa nyɛla [[Ghana]] yaɣi shɛli.o tizodoo Nana Akwasi Afrane Okese n-daa nyɛ ŋun daa piigi o "Edwesuhene" bee Edwesu naa. Yuuni 1900 pulini, ŋuna n-daa nyɛ ŋun gari tooni n-tuhi Kanbonsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ ni lahi m-booni salima kuɣu tɔbu(War of the Golden Stool) la, bee Yaa Asantewaa maŋsulinsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British Empire ni daa tuhi la.<ref>[[Kwame Anthony Appiah|Appiah, Kwame Anthony]], and [[Henry Louis Gates, Jr.]] (eds), ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience'', 1999, p.{{nbsp}}276.</ref> == Taarihi == Bɛ daa dɔɣila Yaa Asantewaa 1840 yuuni tiŋ' din yuli booni Besease la. O laamba n-daa nyɛ Kwaku Ampoma mini Ata Po. O beli, Afrane Panin, daa lebila naa n-zaŋ ti Edweso , tiŋ' din daa m-baɣi ba. O daa kola binbira poli shɛli din m-baɣi tiŋ' din yuli booni Boankra la. O daa kuli la [[Kumasi|Kumahi]] doo, ka doo maa daa lee mali paɣa, ka bɛ daa dɔɣi bipuɣinbila.<ref name="dq">{{Cite web|last=Korsah, Chantal|date=22 July 2016|title=Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=20 February 2017|publisher=Dangerous Women}}</ref> Asantewaa daa kpila tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1921. O daa nyɛla pukpara ka lahi nyɛ ma suŋ. O daa nyɛla baŋsim lana, siyaasa nira, napaɣa ka lahi nyɛ tɔbu toondana. Yaa Asantewaa yuli daa yila polo ka di nyɛla o ni daa mali yaa n-gari kambɔŋ nanima maa zuɣu, Yaa Asantewaa tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British nima ni daa tuhiri ni bi gu salima nam kuɣ' maa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nana Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=2020-01-11|website=nanayaaasantewaa.de|archive-date=2022-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411021631/http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Prelude to rebellion== Yaa Asantewaa beli, Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase daa nyɛla ŋun za zaashe karili ka daa piigi Asantewaa n-leegi o napaɣa. Di daa nyɛla zaashe karili din mali yuli pam<ref>{{Cite web |title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire |url=https://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html |access-date=2024-11-05 |language=en}}</ref> dama o tuma n-daa nyɛ li ni o gu ka taɣi salima nam kuɣu, n-tiri Ashanti Naa saɣisiɣu, ka piiri niriba ban tu ni bɛ tooi lee nanima naa maa nyaaŋa. O beli ŋɔ nam saha, Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla ŋun yɛla pam din niŋ ka mali barina ti bɛ sɔɣibiɛɣuni,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gold Coast: The Yaa Asantewaa War |url=https://vocal.media/history/the-gold-coast-the-yaa-asantewaa-war |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=History |language=en}}</ref> nti pahi tɔbu din daa ŋmɛ yuuni 1883 hali ni yuuni 1888.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-24 |title=Igboho and allegory of Asantehene golden stool |url=https://www.thecable.ng/igboho-and-allegory-of-asantehene-golden-stool |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Din daa niŋ ka o beli ŋɔ kpi yuuni 1894, Yaa Asantewaa daa zaŋ ya' shɛli o ni mali m-piigi o yaaŋa ka o leegi<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|title=Yaa Asantewaa|date=2016-07-22|website=Dangerous Women Project|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> Ejisuhene. Di ni daa niŋ ka Britiishi kari o yaaŋa ŋɔ tahi [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1896, nti pahi Naa Prempeh I mini ninvuɣu shɛba Ashanti tiŋgbani ni, Yaa Asantewaa daa lee gbaŋlana ti Ejisu–Juaben yaɣili. Naa Prempeh{{nbsp}}I kari yihi nyaaŋa, Britiishi zuɣulana ti [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]], Frederick Hodgson, daa zami ni shee o deei bɛ salima nam kuɣu din nya simbuli Ashanti tiŋgbani.<ref name=dq/> Lala yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ maa daa che ka Ashanti niriba ban daa na beni laɣim ʒini ni bɛ tɔ jina zaŋ yi bɛ ni yɛn niŋ shɛm ka labisi bɛ naa na. Nangbakpeeni daa luna zaŋ yi bɛ ni niŋ shɛm. Yaa Asantewaa, ŋun daa be laɣingu ŋɔ ni, daa vaai yiɣisi zani ka di fiila ŋɔ: {{blockquote|Wula ka ninvuɣu kpɛma ni bidibsi ka mani Ashantinima yɛn ʒia yuuni ka siliminga kana ti gbuɣi bɛ nanima, ka dihi ba bi zaŋ yi bɛ ni bɔri bɛ salima nam kuɣu shɛm. Salima kuɣu nyɛla ariʒichi ti siliminsi ŋɔ bana; Bɛ gbi luɣili kam bɔri la di shee. Man' ku yo hali kobo janjani ti bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ. Di yi niŋ ka yi nanima ŋɔ yɛn be ka dabiɛma nima ka ku tuhi, din ŋuna paamiya yin chinchina na ŋɔ na ka dee n-pɛto.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12">{{Cite journal|last=Aidoo|first=Agnes Akosua|year=1977|title=Asante Queen Mothers in Government and Politics in the Nineteenth Century|journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria|volume=9|issue=1|page=12|jstor=41857049}}</ref>}} N-yɛn wuhi o nimohi zaŋ chaŋ tobu polo, Yaa Asantewaa daa darigi deei malifa luhi buɣim dobba ŋɔ tooni.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12" /> Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla Ashanti na shɛba ni ni piigi ni o lee toondana ʒi tob' bihi chaŋ tobu maa. Ŋɔ nyɛla tuuli ni di ko Ashanti taarihi ni ka bɛ ti paɣa lala soli. <ref>{{Cite journal|first=Arhin|last= Brempong|year=2000|title=The role of Nana Yaa Asantewaa in the 1900 Asante War of Resistance|url=http://people.ucalgary.ca/~taarn/LeGriot/article4.pdf|journal=Le Griot|volume= VIII|via=ucalgary.ca}}</ref> Yaa Asantewaa daa kpaŋsi ka nyɛm o niriba ŋɔ ni ni bɛ chaŋ ti tuhi Britiishinim' ŋɔ ni fiila ŋɔ: {{Blockquote|text=Ashanti bidib' kuma, ti nyɛla Britiishi zuɣulana ni bo vu karili ka di nyɛla o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu, din nya simbuli wuhiri Ashanti zaa nangban yini. Di bi yuui, siliminga ŋɔ daa kana ti ʒini ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni ka zaŋ kpɛŋ deei Ashanti ni di lee bɛ sulinsi. Di bi tu ni ti lahi tam ni naa Karikari saha, niriba ŋɔ daa lahi nyɛla ban ŋmɛ ti tobuhankali ni ku tooi deei, n-saɣim ti nayili ka nyo li buɣim bɛ ni daa va binshɛɣu kam yi dini naai. Bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ daa gbahi ti Naa mini o nabihi ka so bi yaagi o noli. Zuŋɔ, o lahi labina ni o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu. Yi nim bidibsi ni dobba, ti tu ni kuli ʒi ka niŋdi ka mani binkobiri maa? Di tuya ni ti yiɣisi zab' ti maŋ zuɣu; din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ti ʒia ka siliminsi ban niya ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni kuli bɛ zu ariʒichi kana ti ku ti ka saɣim ti nɛma, ka lahi bɔri ni bɛ zu ti salima nam kuɣu. Yiɣisim ya! Ka ti gu ka taɣi ti salima nam kuɣu ka che siliminsi ŋɔ. Din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ni ti kuli be dablim ni saha kam. M mali ʒili n-gari tooni zaŋ ya chaŋ ti tuhi siliminsi ŋɔ.}} Ashanti yiŋ linjima tali daa nyɛla din labi yiɣisi zaŋ yi o nimohi ni siliminsi ŋɔ tuhibu polo. {{citation needed|date=December 2023}} O nini daa bi tiɣidobba ŋɔ niŋsim zaŋ chaŋ siliminsi tuhi polo. Yaa Asantewaa daa ŋmɛ paɣatali ni dotali naangbakpeeni ka kpaŋsi bipuɣinsi ni yiɣisi tuhi. Ashanti mini British salima nam kuɣu tobu ka lahi booni ni li "Yaa Asantewaa tobu"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2018/apr/05/queen-mother-yaa-asantewaa-led-fight-against-briti/?page=1|title=Queen-mother Yaa Asantewaa led the fight against British colonialism|first=Herb|last=Boyd|author-link=Herb Boyd|work=[[New York Amsterdam News]]|date=5 April 2018}}</ref> – daa nyɛla naa Nana Yaa Asantewaa ni gari tooni ni tob' bihi tusaanu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html|title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire|website=blackhistoryheroes.com|language=en|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref> == Tobu maa saha mini di nyaaŋa == [[File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|thumb|Duu maa daa nyela Yaa Asantuwa sarika niriba ni daa nyeli shem]] Di daa pilila nashaara goli March  yuuni 1900, tobu maa ni daa paai gbaŋpiela maa na kumasi,  luɣsheli be ni daa saɣi n deei. Zabili maa na kuli benimi hali ni zuŋɔ kaman Kumasi zaba mini lingima nima binyera duu. Chira a shem nyaaŋa,  Gold coast zuɣulana daa timila tobu bihi 1400 tobu maa ni. Zabili maa ni, Yaa Asantuwa mini ninvuɣi pia ni anu sheba ban daa saɣisiri o _Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase, Nana Kwaku Duah, Nana Yaw Akoto, Nana Abena Nkyinkyim, Nana Osei Tutu II, Nana Adjei Kwaku, Nana Afia Kobi Serwaa Ampem, Nana Kofi Kumi, Nana Kwabena Nkyinkyim, Nana Okwan Nkyinkyim, Nana Agyeman Badu, Nana Ntiamoah, Nana Ababio, Nana Afia Nkyinkyim n ti pahi Nana Osei Bonsu _ be daa gbahi ba mi ka zaŋba n cheŋ ti bahi Seychelles. Amaa o saɣisiriba maa yuya daa bi kpe puuni litiricha kundu ŋan beni maa ni<ref>Berry, L. V., ''Ghana: a Country Study''.</ref> Tobu tuhiriba maa daa zanimi n ti bahigu tobu Anglo- Asante tobu din daa niŋ 19th century la. Lala liribu ŋɔ , Ashanti tobu bihi ban kalinli daa yaɣi tusa ayi ( 2000 ) daa kɔŋla be nyɛvuya ka British nima gba kamani ninvuɣi tuhili (1000) gba daa kɔŋ be nyɛvuya . Dini n daa nye nyɛvuya ni yi pam shelini Anglo-Ashanti tobu maa ni ka di daa niŋ la chira ayobu. Nashaara goli January dahinyini dali yuuni 1902. British daa ti bahi fa Empire sheŋa Ashanti nima maa ni daa su kamani yuun kobiga nyaaŋa, ka be lɛbigirila Ashanti nima maa British nam guriba<ref name="Boahen2003">{{cite book|last=Boahen|first=A. Adu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S4ALSvMlbzUC|title=Queen Yaa Asantewaa and the Asante-British War of 1900-1|publisher=James Currey Publishers|year=2003|isbn=978-0-85255-443-2}}</ref> Frederick Mitchell Hodgson daa zami ni Ashanti zaŋ mi bɛ salima kuɣu la nti ti o saha shɛli Ashanti nima ni daa saha n ti ni bɛ ku tooi di nasara Britain nim zuɣu. Salima Kua maa nyɛla din gaƔim ka mali dariza Ashanti tingbaŋ nyɛvuli ni tuun kurumbuni ha daa be nimaani n-ti paai yuun’ kɔbiga ayɔpɔin saha shɛli saha miriya ka bɛ daa kul mali chaŋ tiŋgbɔŋ maa. Kukɔɣili maa nyɛla zaɣ’ jilima mini zaɣ’ pinaayi din yɛliŋ mi miri ka naanyi ʒini di ʒini di zuɣusaa polo. Bɛ ni daa zaŋ salima kuɣ’ gahindili maa ti bahi ka bɛ naanyi zaŋ salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ti sɔɣi. 1920, Africa tiŋgbɔŋ niŋgbuŋ daa nyɛla salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ka bɛ daa ti tum tuun’ shɛŋa, ka bɛ daa naanyi zaŋ salima zuɣu n-kɔb’ bɛ ni ti bɛ niŋ salima zuɣ’ shɛŋa niri salima la. Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa kpila Seychelles nashaara goli October yuuni 1921. Yuma ata o kpibu nyaaŋa , nashaara goli December  beɣu pia ni ayopɔin yuuni 1924, Naa prempeh ŋun nye tuuli mini ninvuɣi sheba ban daa be Ashanti exiled kootu maa ni daa nyela soli ni be labina Ashanti. Naa Prempeh ŋun nye tuuli daa chɛmi ka Yaa Asantuwa mini ban daa pahi maa niŋgbuna n labina Ashanti ni be ti simsi ba.[15]. Queen Yaa Asantuwa teha zaŋ chɛŋ Asanti maŋ sulinsi deebu nye be ni daa baŋ sheli nashaara goli March yuuni 1957, din daa niŋ ka Ashanti yaɣa nima deei maŋsulinsi n pahi Ghana zuɣu.  Ghana n daa nye tuuli gbaŋsabila tiŋgbani ban di nasara ŋɔ maa[16] == Biehigu ni tuma n zaŋ ti Ashanti paɣaba == Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa gbaaila British sulinsi zalisi ' ramifications' maa. Ghana nima zuŋɔ nye o mi ka o nyela paɣadede ŋun zaŋ o siyaasa mini ninsalisili biehigu n suŋsi n gu ka taɣi o tingbani. O niŋsim maa daa kpehila Ashanti dabiba korusi ni tuhi British nima maa, di daa yina ni di mali bukaata ni o ni nye so maa.[17] == O zaashee zaŋ chaŋ yelttɔɣikura kaya ni taada yuli zalibu == Yaa Asantewaa na nyela ninvuɣi so be ni yu Ashanti yeɣili mini Ghana yaɣa pam zaŋ kpa kurumbuna lahabaya polo, o tuma daa nyela o zabirila British sulinsi. O nyela ŋun daa <nowiki>''immortalized''</nowiki> yilli sheli ŋan do gbunni ŋɔ puuni. Koo koo hin koo Yaa Asantewaa ee! Obaa basia Ogyina apremo ano ee! Waye be egyae Na Wabo mmode Ti yi yen lihi anfaabi nima zaŋ kpa bipuɣinsi tooni tali polo ti Ghana ŋɔ,  Yaa Asantuwa Girl's bikura shikuru daa zalila Kumasi yuuni 1960, ka di nyela Ghana baŋsim bobu yaɣili.[23] Yuuni 2000, bakoi yini chuɣu daa puhila Ghana ni di yi Yaa Asantuwa  nasara dibo n wuhi salo. Chuɣu ŋɔ puuni, museum daa dedicate mi n ti o la Kwaso din be Ejisu-Juaben yaɣili la ni nashaara goli August dabaa ata dali yuuni 2000. Nasara kalinsi, buɣim daa dila be yelikura maa sheŋa  o namda mini o tobu nema daa pahiya nashaara goli July yuuni 2004.(batakarikese) a ni nya sheli anfooni ŋan bɛ zuɣu saa maa ni maa.[24][25] Queen mother so ŋun na ʒi Ejisu gbana ŋɔ zuɣu nyela Yaa Asantuwa ŋun pahi ayi. Yaa Asantuwa chuɣu ŋan pahi ayi daa niŋla nashaara goli August dabisili yini zaŋ chaŋ dabaa anu yuuni 2006 Ejisu tiŋgbani ni.[26] Pumpoŋɔ boligu din daa boli ni be mɛ Yaa Asantuwa binkura biehigu shee Yaa Asantuwa senta din be Maida Vale, west London, nyela gbaŋsabila- Caribbean mebu mini tiŋa dema dug.[27] be daa zali li la yuuni 1986[28] ka zaŋ o yuli n bolili. Lala duu ŋɔ zanimi n ti ti kaya dema duu ni tiŋa ni laɣinsi ka di nyela di borimi ni de kpuɣi ti gbansabila tiŋgbani polo zuɣu saa UK tingbani ni. Niniyula kpandɔɣu puuni lahabaya Ivor Agyeman-Duah, ni yihi sheli na ka boli di yuli Yaa Asantuwa _.  Exile zuɣulana Prempeh mini Paɣa dede Gbansabila tiŋgbani puuni daa yihimi n wuhi salo la Ghana tiŋgbani ni yuuni2001.[29] Kundu shɛli be ni bol 'i stage show' ka di nyela Margaret Busby n daa sabi li : Yaa Asantuwa : paɣa tobituhira,  Geraldine Connor n daa lihiri ka di chena n zaŋ luŋ ŋmɛri biinga pahi Kofi Guanabara[30][31] be mini pan_ African cast, gili la UK ni Ghana yuuni 2001 zaŋ hali ni 2002[32][33] Walansi dema lala sasabira maa yaha daa pirimi ni yaɣa diba anu( nashaara goli October bieɣu pia ni ata zaŋ chaŋ bieɣu pia ni apɔin yuuni 2003) [34] BBC radio paɣaba  anahi saha daa beni n ti pahi Glenna Foster- Jones ni Jack Klaff, Pam Fraser Solomon n daa yuuni di zuɣu, ka Gbemisola Ikumelo, ni Nana Tsiboe, Kofi Adu,Jojo Yates , Asabre Quaye ni AtongoZimba.[35][36][37] Yuuni 2018 album din daa yina British jazz troupe bidibsi zaŋ ti kemet, Yi paɣa dede maa nyela 'Reptile ' n zaŋ gbansabilli paɣa yu zalibo kurumbuna maa ni n  boli yila . Yaa Asantuwa yuli n daa bɛ yilli ŋan pahi ayopɔin ni " My Queen is Yaa Asantuwa ". Yaa Asantuwa daa nyela duniya zaa ni daa mi so yela ka di nyela o kpaŋmaŋa zaŋ cheŋ paɣaba " rights mini freedom. Germany tiŋgbani ni be daa zaŋla o yuli n ti pini sheli ka di nyela be nintiɣili ni gbansabila tiŋgbani paɣaba kpaŋmaŋa == Kundivihira == <references /> lfvkfhf9444day9ouc8lcx6nxebe2k3 116197 116196 2025-06-24T20:42:17Z Tunteeya1 5942 Correction of errors 116197 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Bio}} [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu.jpg|thumb|Ya Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu]] [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa Museum (4).jpg|thumb|Yaa Asantewaa Museum]] '''Yaa Asantewaa I''' ({{Circa}} 1840 – 17 ''[[October]]'' 1921) daa nyɛla napaɣa so ŋun zani n-ti Ejisu yaɣili din be ''Ashanti Empire'' la saha ŋɔ di pa nyɛla [[Ghana]] yaɣi shɛli.o tizodoo Nana Akwasi Afrane Okese n-daa nyɛ ŋun daa piigi o "Edwesuhene" bee Edwesu kpema. Yuuni 1900 pulini, ŋuna n-daa nyɛ ŋun gari tooni n-tuhi Kanbonsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ ni lahi m-booni salima kuɣu tɔbu(War of the Golden Stool) la, bee Yaa Asantewaa maŋsulinsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British Empire ni daa tuhi la.<ref>[[Kwame Anthony Appiah|Appiah, Kwame Anthony]], and [[Henry Louis Gates, Jr.]] (eds), ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience'', 1999, p.{{nbsp}}276.</ref> == Taarihi == Bɛ daa dɔɣila Yaa Asantewaa 1840 yuuni tiŋ' din yuli booni Besease la. O laamba n-daa nyɛ Kwaku Ampoma mini Ata Po. O tizodoo, Afrane Panin, daa lebila naa n-zaŋ ti Edweso , tiŋ' din daa m-baɣi ba. O daa kola binbira poli shɛli din m-baɣi tiŋ' din yuli booni Boankra la. O daa kuli la [[Kumasi|Kumahi]] doo, ka doo maa daa lee mali paɣa, ka bɛ daa dɔɣi bipuɣinbila.<ref name="dq">{{Cite web|last=Korsah, Chantal|date=22 July 2016|title=Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=20 February 2017|publisher=Dangerous Women}}</ref> Asantewaa daa kpila tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1921. O daa nyɛla pukpara ka lahi nyɛ ma suŋ. O daa nyɛla baŋsim lana, siyaasa nira, napaɣa ka lahi nyɛ tɔbu toondana. Yaa Asantewaa yuli daa yila polo ka di nyɛla o ni daa mali yaa n-gari kambɔŋ nanima maa zuɣu, Yaa Asantewaa tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British nima ni daa tuhiri ni bi gu salima nam kuɣ' maa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nana Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=2020-01-11|website=nanayaaasantewaa.de|archive-date=2022-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411021631/http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Prelude to rebellion== Yaa Asantewaa tizodoo ŋun daa nyɛ o beli, Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase daa nyɛla ŋun za zaashe karili ka daa piigi Asantewaa n-leegi paɣa naa. Di daa nyɛla zaashe karili din mali yuli pam<ref>{{Cite web |title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire |url=https://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html |access-date=2024-11-05 |language=en}}</ref> dama o tuma n-daa nyɛ li ni o gu ka taɣi salima nam kuɣu, n-tiri Ashanti Naa saɣisiɣu, ka piiri niriba ban tu ni bɛ tooi lee nanima naa maa nyaaŋa. O tizodoo ŋɔ nam saha, Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla ŋun yɛla pam din niŋ ka mali barina ti bɛ sɔɣibiɛɣuni,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gold Coast: The Yaa Asantewaa War |url=https://vocal.media/history/the-gold-coast-the-yaa-asantewaa-war |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=History |language=en}}</ref> nti pahi tɔbu din daa ŋmɛ yuuni 1883 hali ni yuuni 1888.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-24 |title=Igboho and allegory of Asantehene golden stool |url=https://www.thecable.ng/igboho-and-allegory-of-asantehene-golden-stool |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Din daa niŋ ka o beli ŋɔ kpi yuuni 1894, Yaa Asantewaa daa zaŋ ya' shɛli o ni mali m-piigi o yaaŋa ka o leegi<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|title=Yaa Asantewaa|date=2016-07-22|website=Dangerous Women Project|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> Ejisuhene. Di ni daa niŋ ka Britiishi kari o yaaŋa ŋɔ tahi [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1896, nti pahi Naa Prempeh I mini ninvuɣu shɛba Ashanti tiŋgbani ni, Yaa Asantewaa daa lee gbaŋlana ti Ejisu–Juaben yaɣili. Naa Prempeh{{nbsp}}I kari yihi nyaaŋa, Britiishi zuɣulana ti [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]], Frederick Hodgson, daa zami ni shee o deei bɛ salima nam kuɣu din nya simbuli Ashanti tiŋgbani.<ref name=dq/> Lala yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ maa daa che ka Ashanti niriba ban daa na beni laɣim ʒini ni bɛ tɔ jina zaŋ yi bɛ ni yɛn niŋ shɛm ka labisi bɛ naa na. Nangbakpeeni daa luna zaŋ yi bɛ ni niŋ shɛm. Yaa Asantewaa, ŋun daa be laɣingu ŋɔ ni, daa vaai yiɣisi zani ka di fiila ŋɔ: {{blockquote|Wula ka ninvuɣu kpɛma ni bidibsi ka mani Ashantinima yɛn ʒia yuuni ka siliminga kana ti gbuɣi bɛ nanima, ka dihi ba bi zaŋ yi bɛ ni bɔri bɛ salima nam kuɣu shɛm. Salima kuɣu nyɛla ariʒichi ti siliminsi ŋɔ bana; Bɛ gbi luɣili kam bɔri la di shee. Man' ku yo hali kobo janjani ti bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ. Di yi niŋ ka yi nanima ŋɔ yɛn be ka dabiɛma nima ka ku tuhi, din ŋuna paamiya yin chinchina na ŋɔ na ka dee n-pɛto.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12">{{Cite journal|last=Aidoo|first=Agnes Akosua|year=1977|title=Asante Queen Mothers in Government and Politics in the Nineteenth Century|journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria|volume=9|issue=1|page=12|jstor=41857049}}</ref>}} N-yɛn wuhi o nimohi zaŋ chaŋ tobu polo, Yaa Asantewaa daa darigi deei malifa luhi buɣim dobba ŋɔ tooni.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12" /> Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla Ashanti na shɛba ni ni piigi ni o lee toondana ʒi tob' bihi chaŋ tobu maa. Ŋɔ nyɛla tuuli ni di ko Ashanti taarihi ni ka bɛ ti paɣa lala soli. <ref>{{Cite journal|first=Arhin|last= Brempong|year=2000|title=The role of Nana Yaa Asantewaa in the 1900 Asante War of Resistance|url=http://people.ucalgary.ca/~taarn/LeGriot/article4.pdf|journal=Le Griot|volume= VIII|via=ucalgary.ca}}</ref> Yaa Asantewaa daa kpaŋsi ka nyɛm o niriba ŋɔ ni ni bɛ chaŋ ti tuhi Britiishinim' ŋɔ ni fiila ŋɔ: {{Blockquote|text=Ashanti bidib' kuma, ti nyɛla Britiishi zuɣulana ni bo vu karili ka di nyɛla o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu, din nya simbuli wuhiri Ashanti zaa nangban yini. Di bi yuui, siliminga ŋɔ daa kana ti ʒini ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni ka zaŋ kpɛŋ deei Ashanti ni di lee bɛ sulinsi. Di bi tu ni ti lahi tam ni naa Karikari saha, niriba ŋɔ daa lahi nyɛla ban ŋmɛ ti tobuhankali ni ku tooi deei, n-saɣim ti nayili ka nyo li buɣim bɛ ni daa va binshɛɣu kam yi dini naai. Bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ daa gbahi ti Naa mini o nabihi ka so bi yaagi o noli. Zuŋɔ, o lahi labina ni o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu. Yi nim bidibsi ni dobba, ti tu ni kuli ʒi ka niŋdi ka mani binkobiri maa? Di tuya ni ti yiɣisi zab' ti maŋ zuɣu; din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ti ʒia ka siliminsi ban niya ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni kuli bɛ zu ariʒichi kana ti ku ti ka saɣim ti nɛma, ka lahi bɔri ni bɛ zu ti salima nam kuɣu. Yiɣisim ya! Ka ti gu ka taɣi ti salima nam kuɣu ka che siliminsi ŋɔ. Din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ni ti kuli be dablim ni saha kam. M mali ʒili n-gari tooni zaŋ ya chaŋ ti tuhi siliminsi ŋɔ.}} Ashanti yiŋ linjima tali daa nyɛla din labi yiɣisi zaŋ yi o nimohi ni siliminsi ŋɔ tuhibu polo. {{citation needed|date=December 2023}} O nini daa bi tiɣidobba ŋɔ niŋsim zaŋ chaŋ siliminsi tuhi polo. Yaa Asantewaa daa ŋmɛ paɣatali ni dotali naangbakpeeni ka kpaŋsi bipuɣinsi ni yiɣisi tuhi. Ashanti mini British salima nam kuɣu tobu ka lahi booni ni li "Yaa Asantewaa tobu"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2018/apr/05/queen-mother-yaa-asantewaa-led-fight-against-briti/?page=1|title=Queen-mother Yaa Asantewaa led the fight against British colonialism|first=Herb|last=Boyd|author-link=Herb Boyd|work=[[New York Amsterdam News]]|date=5 April 2018}}</ref> – daa nyɛla naa Nana Yaa Asantewaa ni gari tooni ni tob' bihi tusaanu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html|title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire|website=blackhistoryheroes.com|language=en|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref> == Tobu maa saha mini di nyaaŋa == [[File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|thumb|Duu maa daa nyela Yaa Asantuwa sarika niriba ni daa nyeli shem]] Di daa pilila nashaara goli March  yuuni 1900, tobu maa ni daa paai gbaŋpiela maa na kumasi,  luɣsheli be ni daa saɣi n deei. Zabili maa na kuli benimi hali ni zuŋɔ kaman Kumasi zaba mini lingima nima binyera duu. Chira a shem nyaaŋa,  Gold coast zuɣulana daa timila tobu bihi 1400 tobu maa ni. Zabili maa ni, Yaa Asantuwa mini ninvuɣi pia ni anu sheba ban daa saɣisiri o _Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase, Nana Kwaku Duah, Nana Yaw Akoto, Nana Abena Nkyinkyim, Nana Osei Tutu II, Nana Adjei Kwaku, Nana Afia Kobi Serwaa Ampem, Nana Kofi Kumi, Nana Kwabena Nkyinkyim, Nana Okwan Nkyinkyim, Nana Agyeman Badu, Nana Ntiamoah, Nana Ababio, Nana Afia Nkyinkyim n ti pahi Nana Osei Bonsu _ be daa gbahi ba mi ka zaŋba n cheŋ ti bahi Seychelles. Amaa o saɣisiriba maa yuya daa bi kpe puuni litiricha kundu ŋan beni maa ni<ref>Berry, L. V., ''Ghana: a Country Study''.</ref> Tobu tuhiriba maa daa zanimi n ti bahigu tobu Anglo- Asante tobu din daa niŋ 19th century la. Lala liribu ŋɔ , Ashanti tobu bihi ban kalinli daa yaɣi tusa ayi ( 2000 ) daa kɔŋla be nyɛvuya ka British nima gba kamani ninvuɣi tuhili (1000) gba daa kɔŋ be nyɛvuya . Dini n daa nye nyɛvuya ni yi pam shelini Anglo-Ashanti tobu maa ni ka di daa niŋ la chira ayobu. Nashaara goli January dahinyini dali yuuni 1902. British daa ti bahi fa Empire sheŋa Ashanti nima maa ni daa su kamani yuun kobiga nyaaŋa, ka be lɛbigirila Ashanti nima maa British nam guriba<ref name="Boahen2003">{{cite book|last=Boahen|first=A. Adu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S4ALSvMlbzUC|title=Queen Yaa Asantewaa and the Asante-British War of 1900-1|publisher=James Currey Publishers|year=2003|isbn=978-0-85255-443-2}}</ref> Frederick Mitchell Hodgson daa zami ni Ashanti zaŋ mi bɛ salima kuɣu la nti ti o saha shɛli Ashanti nima ni daa saha n ti ni bɛ ku tooi di nasara Britain nim zuɣu. Salima Kua maa nyɛla din gaƔim ka mali dariza Ashanti tingbaŋ nyɛvuli ni tuun kurumbuni ha daa be nimaani n-ti paai yuun’ kɔbiga ayɔpɔin saha shɛli saha miriya ka bɛ daa kul mali chaŋ tiŋgbɔŋ maa. Kukɔɣili maa nyɛla zaɣ’ jilima mini zaɣ’ pinaayi din yɛliŋ mi miri ka naanyi ʒini di ʒini di zuɣusaa polo. Bɛ ni daa zaŋ salima kuɣ’ gahindili maa ti bahi ka bɛ naanyi zaŋ salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ti sɔɣi. 1920, Africa tiŋgbɔŋ niŋgbuŋ daa nyɛla salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ka bɛ daa ti tum tuun’ shɛŋa, ka bɛ daa naanyi zaŋ salima zuɣu n-kɔb’ bɛ ni ti bɛ niŋ salima zuɣ’ shɛŋa niri salima la. Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa kpila Seychelles nashaara goli October yuuni 1921. Yuma ata o kpibu nyaaŋa , nashaara goli December  beɣu pia ni ayopɔin yuuni 1924, Naa prempeh ŋun nye tuuli mini ninvuɣi sheba ban daa be Ashanti exiled kootu maa ni daa nyela soli ni be labina Ashanti. Naa Prempeh ŋun nye tuuli daa chɛmi ka Yaa Asantuwa mini ban daa pahi maa niŋgbuna n labina Ashanti ni be ti simsi ba.[15]. Queen Yaa Asantuwa teha zaŋ chɛŋ Asanti maŋ sulinsi deebu nye be ni daa baŋ sheli nashaara goli March yuuni 1957, din daa niŋ ka Ashanti yaɣa nima deei maŋsulinsi n pahi Ghana zuɣu.  Ghana n daa nye tuuli gbaŋsabila tiŋgbani ban di nasara ŋɔ maa[16] == Biehigu ni tuma n zaŋ ti Ashanti paɣaba == Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa gbaaila British sulinsi zalisi ' ramifications' maa. Ghana nima zuŋɔ nye o mi ka o nyela paɣadede ŋun zaŋ o siyaasa mini ninsalisili biehigu n suŋsi n gu ka taɣi o tingbani. O niŋsim maa daa kpehila Ashanti dabiba korusi ni tuhi British nima maa, di daa yina ni di mali bukaata ni o ni nye so maa.[17] == O zaashee zaŋ chaŋ yelttɔɣikura kaya ni taada yuli zalibu == Yaa Asantewaa na nyela ninvuɣi so be ni yu Ashanti yeɣili mini Ghana yaɣa pam zaŋ kpa kurumbuna lahabaya polo, o tuma daa nyela o zabirila British sulinsi. O nyela ŋun daa <nowiki>''immortalized''</nowiki> yilli sheli ŋan do gbunni ŋɔ puuni. Koo koo hin koo Yaa Asantewaa ee! Obaa basia Ogyina apremo ano ee! Waye be egyae Na Wabo mmode Ti yi yen lihi anfaabi nima zaŋ kpa bipuɣinsi tooni tali polo ti Ghana ŋɔ,  Yaa Asantuwa Girl's bikura shikuru daa zalila Kumasi yuuni 1960, ka di nyela Ghana baŋsim bobu yaɣili.[23] Yuuni 2000, bakoi yini chuɣu daa puhila Ghana ni di yi Yaa Asantuwa  nasara dibo n wuhi salo. Chuɣu ŋɔ puuni, museum daa dedicate mi n ti o la Kwaso din be Ejisu-Juaben yaɣili la ni nashaara goli August dabaa ata dali yuuni 2000. Nasara kalinsi, buɣim daa dila be yelikura maa sheŋa  o namda mini o tobu nema daa pahiya nashaara goli July yuuni 2004.(batakarikese) a ni nya sheli anfooni ŋan bɛ zuɣu saa maa ni maa.[24][25] Queen mother so ŋun na ʒi Ejisu gbana ŋɔ zuɣu nyela Yaa Asantuwa ŋun pahi ayi. Yaa Asantuwa chuɣu ŋan pahi ayi daa niŋla nashaara goli August dabisili yini zaŋ chaŋ dabaa anu yuuni 2006 Ejisu tiŋgbani ni.[26] Pumpoŋɔ boligu din daa boli ni be mɛ Yaa Asantuwa binkura biehigu shee Yaa Asantuwa senta din be Maida Vale, west London, nyela gbaŋsabila- Caribbean mebu mini tiŋa dema dug.[27] be daa zali li la yuuni 1986[28] ka zaŋ o yuli n bolili. Lala duu ŋɔ zanimi n ti ti kaya dema duu ni tiŋa ni laɣinsi ka di nyela di borimi ni de kpuɣi ti gbansabila tiŋgbani polo zuɣu saa UK tingbani ni. Niniyula kpandɔɣu puuni lahabaya Ivor Agyeman-Duah, ni yihi sheli na ka boli di yuli Yaa Asantuwa _.  Exile zuɣulana Prempeh mini Paɣa dede Gbansabila tiŋgbani puuni daa yihimi n wuhi salo la Ghana tiŋgbani ni yuuni2001.[29] Kundu shɛli be ni bol 'i stage show' ka di nyela Margaret Busby n daa sabi li : Yaa Asantuwa : paɣa tobituhira,  Geraldine Connor n daa lihiri ka di chena n zaŋ luŋ ŋmɛri biinga pahi Kofi Guanabara[30][31] be mini pan_ African cast, gili la UK ni Ghana yuuni 2001 zaŋ hali ni 2002[32][33] Walansi dema lala sasabira maa yaha daa pirimi ni yaɣa diba anu( nashaara goli October bieɣu pia ni ata zaŋ chaŋ bieɣu pia ni apɔin yuuni 2003) [34] BBC radio paɣaba  anahi saha daa beni n ti pahi Glenna Foster- Jones ni Jack Klaff, Pam Fraser Solomon n daa yuuni di zuɣu, ka Gbemisola Ikumelo, ni Nana Tsiboe, Kofi Adu,Jojo Yates , Asabre Quaye ni AtongoZimba.[35][36][37] Yuuni 2018 album din daa yina British jazz troupe bidibsi zaŋ ti kemet, Yi paɣa dede maa nyela 'Reptile ' n zaŋ gbansabilli paɣa yu zalibo kurumbuna maa ni n  boli yila . Yaa Asantuwa yuli n daa bɛ yilli ŋan pahi ayopɔin ni " My Queen is Yaa Asantuwa ". Yaa Asantuwa daa nyela duniya zaa ni daa mi so yela ka di nyela o kpaŋmaŋa zaŋ cheŋ paɣaba " rights mini freedom. Germany tiŋgbani ni be daa zaŋla o yuli n ti pini sheli ka di nyela be nintiɣili ni gbansabila tiŋgbani paɣaba kpaŋmaŋa == Kundivihira == <references /> 2bg874l2crt49ib7aydg90vbxms7ckg 116198 116197 2025-06-24T20:45:47Z Tunteeya1 5942 /* Taarihi */ added an imterlink 116198 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Bio}} [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu.jpg|thumb|Ya Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu]] [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa Museum (4).jpg|thumb|Yaa Asantewaa Museum]] '''Yaa Asantewaa I''' ({{Circa}} 1840 – 17 ''[[October]]'' 1921) daa nyɛla napaɣa so ŋun zani n-ti Ejisu yaɣili din be ''Ashanti Empire'' la saha ŋɔ di pa nyɛla [[Ghana]] yaɣi shɛli.o tizodoo Nana Akwasi Afrane Okese n-daa nyɛ ŋun daa piigi o "Edwesuhene" bee Edwesu kpema. Yuuni 1900 pulini, ŋuna n-daa nyɛ ŋun gari tooni n-tuhi Kanbonsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ ni lahi m-booni salima kuɣu tɔbu(War of the Golden Stool) la, bee Yaa Asantewaa maŋsulinsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British Empire ni daa tuhi la.<ref>[[Kwame Anthony Appiah|Appiah, Kwame Anthony]], and [[Henry Louis Gates, Jr.]] (eds), ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience'', 1999, p.{{nbsp}}276.</ref> == Taarihi == Bɛ daa dɔɣila Yaa Asantewaa 1840 yuuni tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Besease Community Senior High School|Besease]] la. O laamba n-daa nyɛ Kwaku Ampoma mini Ata Po. O tizodoo, Afrane Panin, daa lebila naa n-zaŋ ti [[Edweso]] , tiŋ' din daa m-baɣi ba la. O daa kola binbira poli shɛli din m-baɣi tiŋ' din yuli booni Boankra la. O daa kuli la [[Kumasi|Kumahi]] doo, ka doo maa daa lee mali paɣa, ka bɛ daa dɔɣi bipuɣinbila.<ref name="dq">{{Cite web|last=Korsah, Chantal|date=22 July 2016|title=Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=20 February 2017|publisher=Dangerous Women}}</ref> Asantewaa daa kpila tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1921. O daa nyɛla pukpara ka lahi nyɛ ma suŋ. O daa nyɛla baŋsim lana, siyaasa nira, napaɣa ka lahi nyɛ tɔbu toondana. Yaa Asantewaa yuli daa yila polo ka di nyɛla o ni daa mali yaa n-gari kambɔŋ nanima maa zuɣu, Yaa Asantewaa tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British nima ni daa tuhiri ni bi gu salima nam kuɣ' maa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nana Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=2020-01-11|website=nanayaaasantewaa.de|archive-date=2022-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411021631/http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Prelude to rebellion== Yaa Asantewaa tizodoo ŋun daa nyɛ o beli, Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase daa nyɛla ŋun za zaashe karili ka daa piigi Asantewaa n-leegi paɣa naa. Di daa nyɛla zaashe karili din mali yuli pam<ref>{{Cite web |title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire |url=https://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html |access-date=2024-11-05 |language=en}}</ref> dama o tuma n-daa nyɛ li ni o gu ka taɣi salima nam kuɣu, n-tiri Ashanti Naa saɣisiɣu, ka piiri niriba ban tu ni bɛ tooi lee nanima naa maa nyaaŋa. O tizodoo ŋɔ nam saha, Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla ŋun yɛla pam din niŋ ka mali barina ti bɛ sɔɣibiɛɣuni,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gold Coast: The Yaa Asantewaa War |url=https://vocal.media/history/the-gold-coast-the-yaa-asantewaa-war |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=History |language=en}}</ref> nti pahi tɔbu din daa ŋmɛ yuuni 1883 hali ni yuuni 1888.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-24 |title=Igboho and allegory of Asantehene golden stool |url=https://www.thecable.ng/igboho-and-allegory-of-asantehene-golden-stool |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Din daa niŋ ka o beli ŋɔ kpi yuuni 1894, Yaa Asantewaa daa zaŋ ya' shɛli o ni mali m-piigi o yaaŋa ka o leegi<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|title=Yaa Asantewaa|date=2016-07-22|website=Dangerous Women Project|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> Ejisuhene. Di ni daa niŋ ka Britiishi kari o yaaŋa ŋɔ tahi [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1896, nti pahi Naa Prempeh I mini ninvuɣu shɛba Ashanti tiŋgbani ni, Yaa Asantewaa daa lee gbaŋlana ti Ejisu–Juaben yaɣili. Naa Prempeh{{nbsp}}I kari yihi nyaaŋa, Britiishi zuɣulana ti [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]], Frederick Hodgson, daa zami ni shee o deei bɛ salima nam kuɣu din nya simbuli Ashanti tiŋgbani.<ref name=dq/> Lala yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ maa daa che ka Ashanti niriba ban daa na beni laɣim ʒini ni bɛ tɔ jina zaŋ yi bɛ ni yɛn niŋ shɛm ka labisi bɛ naa na. Nangbakpeeni daa luna zaŋ yi bɛ ni niŋ shɛm. Yaa Asantewaa, ŋun daa be laɣingu ŋɔ ni, daa vaai yiɣisi zani ka di fiila ŋɔ: {{blockquote|Wula ka ninvuɣu kpɛma ni bidibsi ka mani Ashantinima yɛn ʒia yuuni ka siliminga kana ti gbuɣi bɛ nanima, ka dihi ba bi zaŋ yi bɛ ni bɔri bɛ salima nam kuɣu shɛm. Salima kuɣu nyɛla ariʒichi ti siliminsi ŋɔ bana; Bɛ gbi luɣili kam bɔri la di shee. Man' ku yo hali kobo janjani ti bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ. Di yi niŋ ka yi nanima ŋɔ yɛn be ka dabiɛma nima ka ku tuhi, din ŋuna paamiya yin chinchina na ŋɔ na ka dee n-pɛto.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12">{{Cite journal|last=Aidoo|first=Agnes Akosua|year=1977|title=Asante Queen Mothers in Government and Politics in the Nineteenth Century|journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria|volume=9|issue=1|page=12|jstor=41857049}}</ref>}} N-yɛn wuhi o nimohi zaŋ chaŋ tobu polo, Yaa Asantewaa daa darigi deei malifa luhi buɣim dobba ŋɔ tooni.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12" /> Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla Ashanti na shɛba ni ni piigi ni o lee toondana ʒi tob' bihi chaŋ tobu maa. Ŋɔ nyɛla tuuli ni di ko Ashanti taarihi ni ka bɛ ti paɣa lala soli. <ref>{{Cite journal|first=Arhin|last= Brempong|year=2000|title=The role of Nana Yaa Asantewaa in the 1900 Asante War of Resistance|url=http://people.ucalgary.ca/~taarn/LeGriot/article4.pdf|journal=Le Griot|volume= VIII|via=ucalgary.ca}}</ref> Yaa Asantewaa daa kpaŋsi ka nyɛm o niriba ŋɔ ni ni bɛ chaŋ ti tuhi Britiishinim' ŋɔ ni fiila ŋɔ: {{Blockquote|text=Ashanti bidib' kuma, ti nyɛla Britiishi zuɣulana ni bo vu karili ka di nyɛla o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu, din nya simbuli wuhiri Ashanti zaa nangban yini. Di bi yuui, siliminga ŋɔ daa kana ti ʒini ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni ka zaŋ kpɛŋ deei Ashanti ni di lee bɛ sulinsi. Di bi tu ni ti lahi tam ni naa Karikari saha, niriba ŋɔ daa lahi nyɛla ban ŋmɛ ti tobuhankali ni ku tooi deei, n-saɣim ti nayili ka nyo li buɣim bɛ ni daa va binshɛɣu kam yi dini naai. Bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ daa gbahi ti Naa mini o nabihi ka so bi yaagi o noli. Zuŋɔ, o lahi labina ni o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu. Yi nim bidibsi ni dobba, ti tu ni kuli ʒi ka niŋdi ka mani binkobiri maa? Di tuya ni ti yiɣisi zab' ti maŋ zuɣu; din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ti ʒia ka siliminsi ban niya ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni kuli bɛ zu ariʒichi kana ti ku ti ka saɣim ti nɛma, ka lahi bɔri ni bɛ zu ti salima nam kuɣu. Yiɣisim ya! Ka ti gu ka taɣi ti salima nam kuɣu ka che siliminsi ŋɔ. Din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ni ti kuli be dablim ni saha kam. M mali ʒili n-gari tooni zaŋ ya chaŋ ti tuhi siliminsi ŋɔ.}} Ashanti yiŋ linjima tali daa nyɛla din labi yiɣisi zaŋ yi o nimohi ni siliminsi ŋɔ tuhibu polo. {{citation needed|date=December 2023}} O nini daa bi tiɣidobba ŋɔ niŋsim zaŋ chaŋ siliminsi tuhi polo. Yaa Asantewaa daa ŋmɛ paɣatali ni dotali naangbakpeeni ka kpaŋsi bipuɣinsi ni yiɣisi tuhi. Ashanti mini British salima nam kuɣu tobu ka lahi booni ni li "Yaa Asantewaa tobu"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2018/apr/05/queen-mother-yaa-asantewaa-led-fight-against-briti/?page=1|title=Queen-mother Yaa Asantewaa led the fight against British colonialism|first=Herb|last=Boyd|author-link=Herb Boyd|work=[[New York Amsterdam News]]|date=5 April 2018}}</ref> – daa nyɛla naa Nana Yaa Asantewaa ni gari tooni ni tob' bihi tusaanu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html|title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire|website=blackhistoryheroes.com|language=en|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref> == Tobu maa saha mini di nyaaŋa == [[File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|thumb|Duu maa daa nyela Yaa Asantuwa sarika niriba ni daa nyeli shem]] Di daa pilila nashaara goli March  yuuni 1900, tobu maa ni daa paai gbaŋpiela maa na kumasi,  luɣsheli be ni daa saɣi n deei. Zabili maa na kuli benimi hali ni zuŋɔ kaman Kumasi zaba mini lingima nima binyera duu. Chira a shem nyaaŋa,  Gold coast zuɣulana daa timila tobu bihi 1400 tobu maa ni. Zabili maa ni, Yaa Asantuwa mini ninvuɣi pia ni anu sheba ban daa saɣisiri o _Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase, Nana Kwaku Duah, Nana Yaw Akoto, Nana Abena Nkyinkyim, Nana Osei Tutu II, Nana Adjei Kwaku, Nana Afia Kobi Serwaa Ampem, Nana Kofi Kumi, Nana Kwabena Nkyinkyim, Nana Okwan Nkyinkyim, Nana Agyeman Badu, Nana Ntiamoah, Nana Ababio, Nana Afia Nkyinkyim n ti pahi Nana Osei Bonsu _ be daa gbahi ba mi ka zaŋba n cheŋ ti bahi Seychelles. Amaa o saɣisiriba maa yuya daa bi kpe puuni litiricha kundu ŋan beni maa ni<ref>Berry, L. V., ''Ghana: a Country Study''.</ref> Tobu tuhiriba maa daa zanimi n ti bahigu tobu Anglo- Asante tobu din daa niŋ 19th century la. Lala liribu ŋɔ , Ashanti tobu bihi ban kalinli daa yaɣi tusa ayi ( 2000 ) daa kɔŋla be nyɛvuya ka British nima gba kamani ninvuɣi tuhili (1000) gba daa kɔŋ be nyɛvuya . Dini n daa nye nyɛvuya ni yi pam shelini Anglo-Ashanti tobu maa ni ka di daa niŋ la chira ayobu. Nashaara goli January dahinyini dali yuuni 1902. British daa ti bahi fa Empire sheŋa Ashanti nima maa ni daa su kamani yuun kobiga nyaaŋa, ka be lɛbigirila Ashanti nima maa British nam guriba<ref name="Boahen2003">{{cite book|last=Boahen|first=A. Adu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S4ALSvMlbzUC|title=Queen Yaa Asantewaa and the Asante-British War of 1900-1|publisher=James Currey Publishers|year=2003|isbn=978-0-85255-443-2}}</ref> Frederick Mitchell Hodgson daa zami ni Ashanti zaŋ mi bɛ salima kuɣu la nti ti o saha shɛli Ashanti nima ni daa saha n ti ni bɛ ku tooi di nasara Britain nim zuɣu. Salima Kua maa nyɛla din gaƔim ka mali dariza Ashanti tingbaŋ nyɛvuli ni tuun kurumbuni ha daa be nimaani n-ti paai yuun’ kɔbiga ayɔpɔin saha shɛli saha miriya ka bɛ daa kul mali chaŋ tiŋgbɔŋ maa. Kukɔɣili maa nyɛla zaɣ’ jilima mini zaɣ’ pinaayi din yɛliŋ mi miri ka naanyi ʒini di ʒini di zuɣusaa polo. Bɛ ni daa zaŋ salima kuɣ’ gahindili maa ti bahi ka bɛ naanyi zaŋ salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ti sɔɣi. 1920, Africa tiŋgbɔŋ niŋgbuŋ daa nyɛla salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ka bɛ daa ti tum tuun’ shɛŋa, ka bɛ daa naanyi zaŋ salima zuɣu n-kɔb’ bɛ ni ti bɛ niŋ salima zuɣ’ shɛŋa niri salima la. Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa kpila Seychelles nashaara goli October yuuni 1921. Yuma ata o kpibu nyaaŋa , nashaara goli December  beɣu pia ni ayopɔin yuuni 1924, Naa prempeh ŋun nye tuuli mini ninvuɣi sheba ban daa be Ashanti exiled kootu maa ni daa nyela soli ni be labina Ashanti. Naa Prempeh ŋun nye tuuli daa chɛmi ka Yaa Asantuwa mini ban daa pahi maa niŋgbuna n labina Ashanti ni be ti simsi ba.[15]. Queen Yaa Asantuwa teha zaŋ chɛŋ Asanti maŋ sulinsi deebu nye be ni daa baŋ sheli nashaara goli March yuuni 1957, din daa niŋ ka Ashanti yaɣa nima deei maŋsulinsi n pahi Ghana zuɣu.  Ghana n daa nye tuuli gbaŋsabila tiŋgbani ban di nasara ŋɔ maa[16] == Biehigu ni tuma n zaŋ ti Ashanti paɣaba == Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa gbaaila British sulinsi zalisi ' ramifications' maa. Ghana nima zuŋɔ nye o mi ka o nyela paɣadede ŋun zaŋ o siyaasa mini ninsalisili biehigu n suŋsi n gu ka taɣi o tingbani. O niŋsim maa daa kpehila Ashanti dabiba korusi ni tuhi British nima maa, di daa yina ni di mali bukaata ni o ni nye so maa.[17] == O zaashee zaŋ chaŋ yelttɔɣikura kaya ni taada yuli zalibu == Yaa Asantewaa na nyela ninvuɣi so be ni yu Ashanti yeɣili mini Ghana yaɣa pam zaŋ kpa kurumbuna lahabaya polo, o tuma daa nyela o zabirila British sulinsi. O nyela ŋun daa <nowiki>''immortalized''</nowiki> yilli sheli ŋan do gbunni ŋɔ puuni. Koo koo hin koo Yaa Asantewaa ee! Obaa basia Ogyina apremo ano ee! Waye be egyae Na Wabo mmode Ti yi yen lihi anfaabi nima zaŋ kpa bipuɣinsi tooni tali polo ti Ghana ŋɔ,  Yaa Asantuwa Girl's bikura shikuru daa zalila Kumasi yuuni 1960, ka di nyela Ghana baŋsim bobu yaɣili.[23] Yuuni 2000, bakoi yini chuɣu daa puhila Ghana ni di yi Yaa Asantuwa  nasara dibo n wuhi salo. Chuɣu ŋɔ puuni, museum daa dedicate mi n ti o la Kwaso din be Ejisu-Juaben yaɣili la ni nashaara goli August dabaa ata dali yuuni 2000. Nasara kalinsi, buɣim daa dila be yelikura maa sheŋa  o namda mini o tobu nema daa pahiya nashaara goli July yuuni 2004.(batakarikese) a ni nya sheli anfooni ŋan bɛ zuɣu saa maa ni maa.[24][25] Queen mother so ŋun na ʒi Ejisu gbana ŋɔ zuɣu nyela Yaa Asantuwa ŋun pahi ayi. Yaa Asantuwa chuɣu ŋan pahi ayi daa niŋla nashaara goli August dabisili yini zaŋ chaŋ dabaa anu yuuni 2006 Ejisu tiŋgbani ni.[26] Pumpoŋɔ boligu din daa boli ni be mɛ Yaa Asantuwa binkura biehigu shee Yaa Asantuwa senta din be Maida Vale, west London, nyela gbaŋsabila- Caribbean mebu mini tiŋa dema dug.[27] be daa zali li la yuuni 1986[28] ka zaŋ o yuli n bolili. Lala duu ŋɔ zanimi n ti ti kaya dema duu ni tiŋa ni laɣinsi ka di nyela di borimi ni de kpuɣi ti gbansabila tiŋgbani polo zuɣu saa UK tingbani ni. Niniyula kpandɔɣu puuni lahabaya Ivor Agyeman-Duah, ni yihi sheli na ka boli di yuli Yaa Asantuwa _.  Exile zuɣulana Prempeh mini Paɣa dede Gbansabila tiŋgbani puuni daa yihimi n wuhi salo la Ghana tiŋgbani ni yuuni2001.[29] Kundu shɛli be ni bol 'i stage show' ka di nyela Margaret Busby n daa sabi li : Yaa Asantuwa : paɣa tobituhira,  Geraldine Connor n daa lihiri ka di chena n zaŋ luŋ ŋmɛri biinga pahi Kofi Guanabara[30][31] be mini pan_ African cast, gili la UK ni Ghana yuuni 2001 zaŋ hali ni 2002[32][33] Walansi dema lala sasabira maa yaha daa pirimi ni yaɣa diba anu( nashaara goli October bieɣu pia ni ata zaŋ chaŋ bieɣu pia ni apɔin yuuni 2003) [34] BBC radio paɣaba  anahi saha daa beni n ti pahi Glenna Foster- Jones ni Jack Klaff, Pam Fraser Solomon n daa yuuni di zuɣu, ka Gbemisola Ikumelo, ni Nana Tsiboe, Kofi Adu,Jojo Yates , Asabre Quaye ni AtongoZimba.[35][36][37] Yuuni 2018 album din daa yina British jazz troupe bidibsi zaŋ ti kemet, Yi paɣa dede maa nyela 'Reptile ' n zaŋ gbansabilli paɣa yu zalibo kurumbuna maa ni n  boli yila . Yaa Asantuwa yuli n daa bɛ yilli ŋan pahi ayopɔin ni " My Queen is Yaa Asantuwa ". Yaa Asantuwa daa nyela duniya zaa ni daa mi so yela ka di nyela o kpaŋmaŋa zaŋ cheŋ paɣaba " rights mini freedom. Germany tiŋgbani ni be daa zaŋla o yuli n ti pini sheli ka di nyela be nintiɣili ni gbansabila tiŋgbani paɣaba kpaŋmaŋa == Kundivihira == <references /> 3ef8ymka4ixg29ndvxdr3gof84stsb0 116199 116198 2025-06-24T20:50:54Z Tunteeya1 5942 /* Kundivihira */ added a category 116199 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Bio}} [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu.jpg|thumb|Ya Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu]] [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa Museum (4).jpg|thumb|Yaa Asantewaa Museum]] '''Yaa Asantewaa I''' ({{Circa}} 1840 – 17 ''[[October]]'' 1921) daa nyɛla napaɣa so ŋun zani n-ti Ejisu yaɣili din be ''Ashanti Empire'' la saha ŋɔ di pa nyɛla [[Ghana]] yaɣi shɛli.o tizodoo Nana Akwasi Afrane Okese n-daa nyɛ ŋun daa piigi o "Edwesuhene" bee Edwesu kpema. Yuuni 1900 pulini, ŋuna n-daa nyɛ ŋun gari tooni n-tuhi Kanbonsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ ni lahi m-booni salima kuɣu tɔbu(War of the Golden Stool) la, bee Yaa Asantewaa maŋsulinsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British Empire ni daa tuhi la.<ref>[[Kwame Anthony Appiah|Appiah, Kwame Anthony]], and [[Henry Louis Gates, Jr.]] (eds), ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience'', 1999, p.{{nbsp}}276.</ref> == Taarihi == Bɛ daa dɔɣila Yaa Asantewaa 1840 yuuni tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Besease Community Senior High School|Besease]] la. O laamba n-daa nyɛ Kwaku Ampoma mini Ata Po. O tizodoo, Afrane Panin, daa lebila naa n-zaŋ ti [[Edweso]] , tiŋ' din daa m-baɣi ba la. O daa kola binbira poli shɛli din m-baɣi tiŋ' din yuli booni Boankra la. O daa kuli la [[Kumasi|Kumahi]] doo, ka doo maa daa lee mali paɣa, ka bɛ daa dɔɣi bipuɣinbila.<ref name="dq">{{Cite web|last=Korsah, Chantal|date=22 July 2016|title=Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=20 February 2017|publisher=Dangerous Women}}</ref> Asantewaa daa kpila tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1921. O daa nyɛla pukpara ka lahi nyɛ ma suŋ. O daa nyɛla baŋsim lana, siyaasa nira, napaɣa ka lahi nyɛ tɔbu toondana. Yaa Asantewaa yuli daa yila polo ka di nyɛla o ni daa mali yaa n-gari kambɔŋ nanima maa zuɣu, Yaa Asantewaa tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British nima ni daa tuhiri ni bi gu salima nam kuɣ' maa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nana Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=2020-01-11|website=nanayaaasantewaa.de|archive-date=2022-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411021631/http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Prelude to rebellion== Yaa Asantewaa tizodoo ŋun daa nyɛ o beli, Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase daa nyɛla ŋun za zaashe karili ka daa piigi Asantewaa n-leegi paɣa naa. Di daa nyɛla zaashe karili din mali yuli pam<ref>{{Cite web |title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire |url=https://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html |access-date=2024-11-05 |language=en}}</ref> dama o tuma n-daa nyɛ li ni o gu ka taɣi salima nam kuɣu, n-tiri Ashanti Naa saɣisiɣu, ka piiri niriba ban tu ni bɛ tooi lee nanima naa maa nyaaŋa. O tizodoo ŋɔ nam saha, Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla ŋun yɛla pam din niŋ ka mali barina ti bɛ sɔɣibiɛɣuni,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gold Coast: The Yaa Asantewaa War |url=https://vocal.media/history/the-gold-coast-the-yaa-asantewaa-war |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=History |language=en}}</ref> nti pahi tɔbu din daa ŋmɛ yuuni 1883 hali ni yuuni 1888.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-24 |title=Igboho and allegory of Asantehene golden stool |url=https://www.thecable.ng/igboho-and-allegory-of-asantehene-golden-stool |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Din daa niŋ ka o beli ŋɔ kpi yuuni 1894, Yaa Asantewaa daa zaŋ ya' shɛli o ni mali m-piigi o yaaŋa ka o leegi<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|title=Yaa Asantewaa|date=2016-07-22|website=Dangerous Women Project|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> Ejisuhene. Di ni daa niŋ ka Britiishi kari o yaaŋa ŋɔ tahi [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1896, nti pahi Naa Prempeh I mini ninvuɣu shɛba Ashanti tiŋgbani ni, Yaa Asantewaa daa lee gbaŋlana ti Ejisu–Juaben yaɣili. Naa Prempeh{{nbsp}}I kari yihi nyaaŋa, Britiishi zuɣulana ti [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]], Frederick Hodgson, daa zami ni shee o deei bɛ salima nam kuɣu din nya simbuli Ashanti tiŋgbani.<ref name=dq/> Lala yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ maa daa che ka Ashanti niriba ban daa na beni laɣim ʒini ni bɛ tɔ jina zaŋ yi bɛ ni yɛn niŋ shɛm ka labisi bɛ naa na. Nangbakpeeni daa luna zaŋ yi bɛ ni niŋ shɛm. Yaa Asantewaa, ŋun daa be laɣingu ŋɔ ni, daa vaai yiɣisi zani ka di fiila ŋɔ: {{blockquote|Wula ka ninvuɣu kpɛma ni bidibsi ka mani Ashantinima yɛn ʒia yuuni ka siliminga kana ti gbuɣi bɛ nanima, ka dihi ba bi zaŋ yi bɛ ni bɔri bɛ salima nam kuɣu shɛm. Salima kuɣu nyɛla ariʒichi ti siliminsi ŋɔ bana; Bɛ gbi luɣili kam bɔri la di shee. Man' ku yo hali kobo janjani ti bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ. Di yi niŋ ka yi nanima ŋɔ yɛn be ka dabiɛma nima ka ku tuhi, din ŋuna paamiya yin chinchina na ŋɔ na ka dee n-pɛto.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12">{{Cite journal|last=Aidoo|first=Agnes Akosua|year=1977|title=Asante Queen Mothers in Government and Politics in the Nineteenth Century|journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria|volume=9|issue=1|page=12|jstor=41857049}}</ref>}} N-yɛn wuhi o nimohi zaŋ chaŋ tobu polo, Yaa Asantewaa daa darigi deei malifa luhi buɣim dobba ŋɔ tooni.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12" /> Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla Ashanti na shɛba ni ni piigi ni o lee toondana ʒi tob' bihi chaŋ tobu maa. Ŋɔ nyɛla tuuli ni di ko Ashanti taarihi ni ka bɛ ti paɣa lala soli. <ref>{{Cite journal|first=Arhin|last= Brempong|year=2000|title=The role of Nana Yaa Asantewaa in the 1900 Asante War of Resistance|url=http://people.ucalgary.ca/~taarn/LeGriot/article4.pdf|journal=Le Griot|volume= VIII|via=ucalgary.ca}}</ref> Yaa Asantewaa daa kpaŋsi ka nyɛm o niriba ŋɔ ni ni bɛ chaŋ ti tuhi Britiishinim' ŋɔ ni fiila ŋɔ: {{Blockquote|text=Ashanti bidib' kuma, ti nyɛla Britiishi zuɣulana ni bo vu karili ka di nyɛla o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu, din nya simbuli wuhiri Ashanti zaa nangban yini. Di bi yuui, siliminga ŋɔ daa kana ti ʒini ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni ka zaŋ kpɛŋ deei Ashanti ni di lee bɛ sulinsi. Di bi tu ni ti lahi tam ni naa Karikari saha, niriba ŋɔ daa lahi nyɛla ban ŋmɛ ti tobuhankali ni ku tooi deei, n-saɣim ti nayili ka nyo li buɣim bɛ ni daa va binshɛɣu kam yi dini naai. Bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ daa gbahi ti Naa mini o nabihi ka so bi yaagi o noli. Zuŋɔ, o lahi labina ni o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu. Yi nim bidibsi ni dobba, ti tu ni kuli ʒi ka niŋdi ka mani binkobiri maa? Di tuya ni ti yiɣisi zab' ti maŋ zuɣu; din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ti ʒia ka siliminsi ban niya ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni kuli bɛ zu ariʒichi kana ti ku ti ka saɣim ti nɛma, ka lahi bɔri ni bɛ zu ti salima nam kuɣu. Yiɣisim ya! Ka ti gu ka taɣi ti salima nam kuɣu ka che siliminsi ŋɔ. Din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ni ti kuli be dablim ni saha kam. M mali ʒili n-gari tooni zaŋ ya chaŋ ti tuhi siliminsi ŋɔ.}} Ashanti yiŋ linjima tali daa nyɛla din labi yiɣisi zaŋ yi o nimohi ni siliminsi ŋɔ tuhibu polo. {{citation needed|date=December 2023}} O nini daa bi tiɣidobba ŋɔ niŋsim zaŋ chaŋ siliminsi tuhi polo. Yaa Asantewaa daa ŋmɛ paɣatali ni dotali naangbakpeeni ka kpaŋsi bipuɣinsi ni yiɣisi tuhi. Ashanti mini British salima nam kuɣu tobu ka lahi booni ni li "Yaa Asantewaa tobu"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2018/apr/05/queen-mother-yaa-asantewaa-led-fight-against-briti/?page=1|title=Queen-mother Yaa Asantewaa led the fight against British colonialism|first=Herb|last=Boyd|author-link=Herb Boyd|work=[[New York Amsterdam News]]|date=5 April 2018}}</ref> – daa nyɛla naa Nana Yaa Asantewaa ni gari tooni ni tob' bihi tusaanu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html|title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire|website=blackhistoryheroes.com|language=en|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref> == Tobu maa saha mini di nyaaŋa == [[File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|thumb|Duu maa daa nyela Yaa Asantuwa sarika niriba ni daa nyeli shem]] Di daa pilila nashaara goli March  yuuni 1900, tobu maa ni daa paai gbaŋpiela maa na kumasi,  luɣsheli be ni daa saɣi n deei. Zabili maa na kuli benimi hali ni zuŋɔ kaman Kumasi zaba mini lingima nima binyera duu. Chira a shem nyaaŋa,  Gold coast zuɣulana daa timila tobu bihi 1400 tobu maa ni. Zabili maa ni, Yaa Asantuwa mini ninvuɣi pia ni anu sheba ban daa saɣisiri o _Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase, Nana Kwaku Duah, Nana Yaw Akoto, Nana Abena Nkyinkyim, Nana Osei Tutu II, Nana Adjei Kwaku, Nana Afia Kobi Serwaa Ampem, Nana Kofi Kumi, Nana Kwabena Nkyinkyim, Nana Okwan Nkyinkyim, Nana Agyeman Badu, Nana Ntiamoah, Nana Ababio, Nana Afia Nkyinkyim n ti pahi Nana Osei Bonsu _ be daa gbahi ba mi ka zaŋba n cheŋ ti bahi Seychelles. Amaa o saɣisiriba maa yuya daa bi kpe puuni litiricha kundu ŋan beni maa ni<ref>Berry, L. V., ''Ghana: a Country Study''.</ref> Tobu tuhiriba maa daa zanimi n ti bahigu tobu Anglo- Asante tobu din daa niŋ 19th century la. Lala liribu ŋɔ , Ashanti tobu bihi ban kalinli daa yaɣi tusa ayi ( 2000 ) daa kɔŋla be nyɛvuya ka British nima gba kamani ninvuɣi tuhili (1000) gba daa kɔŋ be nyɛvuya . Dini n daa nye nyɛvuya ni yi pam shelini Anglo-Ashanti tobu maa ni ka di daa niŋ la chira ayobu. Nashaara goli January dahinyini dali yuuni 1902. British daa ti bahi fa Empire sheŋa Ashanti nima maa ni daa su kamani yuun kobiga nyaaŋa, ka be lɛbigirila Ashanti nima maa British nam guriba<ref name="Boahen2003">{{cite book|last=Boahen|first=A. Adu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S4ALSvMlbzUC|title=Queen Yaa Asantewaa and the Asante-British War of 1900-1|publisher=James Currey Publishers|year=2003|isbn=978-0-85255-443-2}}</ref> Frederick Mitchell Hodgson daa zami ni Ashanti zaŋ mi bɛ salima kuɣu la nti ti o saha shɛli Ashanti nima ni daa saha n ti ni bɛ ku tooi di nasara Britain nim zuɣu. Salima Kua maa nyɛla din gaƔim ka mali dariza Ashanti tingbaŋ nyɛvuli ni tuun kurumbuni ha daa be nimaani n-ti paai yuun’ kɔbiga ayɔpɔin saha shɛli saha miriya ka bɛ daa kul mali chaŋ tiŋgbɔŋ maa. Kukɔɣili maa nyɛla zaɣ’ jilima mini zaɣ’ pinaayi din yɛliŋ mi miri ka naanyi ʒini di ʒini di zuɣusaa polo. Bɛ ni daa zaŋ salima kuɣ’ gahindili maa ti bahi ka bɛ naanyi zaŋ salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ti sɔɣi. 1920, Africa tiŋgbɔŋ niŋgbuŋ daa nyɛla salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ka bɛ daa ti tum tuun’ shɛŋa, ka bɛ daa naanyi zaŋ salima zuɣu n-kɔb’ bɛ ni ti bɛ niŋ salima zuɣ’ shɛŋa niri salima la. Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa kpila Seychelles nashaara goli October yuuni 1921. Yuma ata o kpibu nyaaŋa , nashaara goli December  beɣu pia ni ayopɔin yuuni 1924, Naa prempeh ŋun nye tuuli mini ninvuɣi sheba ban daa be Ashanti exiled kootu maa ni daa nyela soli ni be labina Ashanti. Naa Prempeh ŋun nye tuuli daa chɛmi ka Yaa Asantuwa mini ban daa pahi maa niŋgbuna n labina Ashanti ni be ti simsi ba.[15]. Queen Yaa Asantuwa teha zaŋ chɛŋ Asanti maŋ sulinsi deebu nye be ni daa baŋ sheli nashaara goli March yuuni 1957, din daa niŋ ka Ashanti yaɣa nima deei maŋsulinsi n pahi Ghana zuɣu.  Ghana n daa nye tuuli gbaŋsabila tiŋgbani ban di nasara ŋɔ maa[16] == Biehigu ni tuma n zaŋ ti Ashanti paɣaba == Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa gbaaila British sulinsi zalisi ' ramifications' maa. Ghana nima zuŋɔ nye o mi ka o nyela paɣadede ŋun zaŋ o siyaasa mini ninsalisili biehigu n suŋsi n gu ka taɣi o tingbani. O niŋsim maa daa kpehila Ashanti dabiba korusi ni tuhi British nima maa, di daa yina ni di mali bukaata ni o ni nye so maa.[17] == O zaashee zaŋ chaŋ yelttɔɣikura kaya ni taada yuli zalibu == Yaa Asantewaa na nyela ninvuɣi so be ni yu Ashanti yeɣili mini Ghana yaɣa pam zaŋ kpa kurumbuna lahabaya polo, o tuma daa nyela o zabirila British sulinsi. O nyela ŋun daa <nowiki>''immortalized''</nowiki> yilli sheli ŋan do gbunni ŋɔ puuni. Koo koo hin koo Yaa Asantewaa ee! Obaa basia Ogyina apremo ano ee! Waye be egyae Na Wabo mmode Ti yi yen lihi anfaabi nima zaŋ kpa bipuɣinsi tooni tali polo ti Ghana ŋɔ,  Yaa Asantuwa Girl's bikura shikuru daa zalila Kumasi yuuni 1960, ka di nyela Ghana baŋsim bobu yaɣili.[23] Yuuni 2000, bakoi yini chuɣu daa puhila Ghana ni di yi Yaa Asantuwa  nasara dibo n wuhi salo. Chuɣu ŋɔ puuni, museum daa dedicate mi n ti o la Kwaso din be Ejisu-Juaben yaɣili la ni nashaara goli August dabaa ata dali yuuni 2000. Nasara kalinsi, buɣim daa dila be yelikura maa sheŋa  o namda mini o tobu nema daa pahiya nashaara goli July yuuni 2004.(batakarikese) a ni nya sheli anfooni ŋan bɛ zuɣu saa maa ni maa.[24][25] Queen mother so ŋun na ʒi Ejisu gbana ŋɔ zuɣu nyela Yaa Asantuwa ŋun pahi ayi. Yaa Asantuwa chuɣu ŋan pahi ayi daa niŋla nashaara goli August dabisili yini zaŋ chaŋ dabaa anu yuuni 2006 Ejisu tiŋgbani ni.[26] Pumpoŋɔ boligu din daa boli ni be mɛ Yaa Asantuwa binkura biehigu shee Yaa Asantuwa senta din be Maida Vale, west London, nyela gbaŋsabila- Caribbean mebu mini tiŋa dema dug.[27] be daa zali li la yuuni 1986[28] ka zaŋ o yuli n bolili. Lala duu ŋɔ zanimi n ti ti kaya dema duu ni tiŋa ni laɣinsi ka di nyela di borimi ni de kpuɣi ti gbansabila tiŋgbani polo zuɣu saa UK tingbani ni. Niniyula kpandɔɣu puuni lahabaya Ivor Agyeman-Duah, ni yihi sheli na ka boli di yuli Yaa Asantuwa _.  Exile zuɣulana Prempeh mini Paɣa dede Gbansabila tiŋgbani puuni daa yihimi n wuhi salo la Ghana tiŋgbani ni yuuni2001.[29] Kundu shɛli be ni bol 'i stage show' ka di nyela Margaret Busby n daa sabi li : Yaa Asantuwa : paɣa tobituhira,  Geraldine Connor n daa lihiri ka di chena n zaŋ luŋ ŋmɛri biinga pahi Kofi Guanabara[30][31] be mini pan_ African cast, gili la UK ni Ghana yuuni 2001 zaŋ hali ni 2002[32][33] Walansi dema lala sasabira maa yaha daa pirimi ni yaɣa diba anu( nashaara goli October bieɣu pia ni ata zaŋ chaŋ bieɣu pia ni apɔin yuuni 2003) [34] BBC radio paɣaba  anahi saha daa beni n ti pahi Glenna Foster- Jones ni Jack Klaff, Pam Fraser Solomon n daa yuuni di zuɣu, ka Gbemisola Ikumelo, ni Nana Tsiboe, Kofi Adu,Jojo Yates , Asabre Quaye ni AtongoZimba.[35][36][37] Yuuni 2018 album din daa yina British jazz troupe bidibsi zaŋ ti kemet, Yi paɣa dede maa nyela 'Reptile ' n zaŋ gbansabilli paɣa yu zalibo kurumbuna maa ni n  boli yila . Yaa Asantuwa yuli n daa bɛ yilli ŋan pahi ayopɔin ni " My Queen is Yaa Asantuwa ". Yaa Asantuwa daa nyela duniya zaa ni daa mi so yela ka di nyela o kpaŋmaŋa zaŋ cheŋ paɣaba " rights mini freedom. Germany tiŋgbani ni be daa zaŋla o yuli n ti pini sheli ka di nyela be nintiɣili ni gbansabila tiŋgbani paɣaba kpaŋmaŋa == Kundivihira == <references /> [[Pubu: Lahabaya zaa]] k4hcaju6f9omffdkjn93m9fogzhu3f7 116200 116199 2025-06-24T20:54:28Z Tunteeya1 5942 /* Kundivihira */ added more categories 116200 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Bio}} [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu.jpg|thumb|Ya Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu]] [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa Museum (4).jpg|thumb|Yaa Asantewaa Museum]] '''Yaa Asantewaa I''' ({{Circa}} 1840 – 17 ''[[October]]'' 1921) daa nyɛla napaɣa so ŋun zani n-ti Ejisu yaɣili din be ''Ashanti Empire'' la saha ŋɔ di pa nyɛla [[Ghana]] yaɣi shɛli.o tizodoo Nana Akwasi Afrane Okese n-daa nyɛ ŋun daa piigi o "Edwesuhene" bee Edwesu kpema. Yuuni 1900 pulini, ŋuna n-daa nyɛ ŋun gari tooni n-tuhi Kanbonsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ ni lahi m-booni salima kuɣu tɔbu(War of the Golden Stool) la, bee Yaa Asantewaa maŋsulinsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British Empire ni daa tuhi la.<ref>[[Kwame Anthony Appiah|Appiah, Kwame Anthony]], and [[Henry Louis Gates, Jr.]] (eds), ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience'', 1999, p.{{nbsp}}276.</ref> == Taarihi == Bɛ daa dɔɣila Yaa Asantewaa 1840 yuuni tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Besease Community Senior High School|Besease]] la. O laamba n-daa nyɛ Kwaku Ampoma mini Ata Po. O tizodoo, Afrane Panin, daa lebila naa n-zaŋ ti [[Edweso]] , tiŋ' din daa m-baɣi ba la. O daa kola binbira poli shɛli din m-baɣi tiŋ' din yuli booni Boankra la. O daa kuli la [[Kumasi|Kumahi]] doo, ka doo maa daa lee mali paɣa, ka bɛ daa dɔɣi bipuɣinbila.<ref name="dq">{{Cite web|last=Korsah, Chantal|date=22 July 2016|title=Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=20 February 2017|publisher=Dangerous Women}}</ref> Asantewaa daa kpila tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1921. O daa nyɛla pukpara ka lahi nyɛ ma suŋ. O daa nyɛla baŋsim lana, siyaasa nira, napaɣa ka lahi nyɛ tɔbu toondana. Yaa Asantewaa yuli daa yila polo ka di nyɛla o ni daa mali yaa n-gari kambɔŋ nanima maa zuɣu, Yaa Asantewaa tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British nima ni daa tuhiri ni bi gu salima nam kuɣ' maa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nana Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=2020-01-11|website=nanayaaasantewaa.de|archive-date=2022-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411021631/http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Prelude to rebellion== Yaa Asantewaa tizodoo ŋun daa nyɛ o beli, Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase daa nyɛla ŋun za zaashe karili ka daa piigi Asantewaa n-leegi paɣa naa. Di daa nyɛla zaashe karili din mali yuli pam<ref>{{Cite web |title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire |url=https://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html |access-date=2024-11-05 |language=en}}</ref> dama o tuma n-daa nyɛ li ni o gu ka taɣi salima nam kuɣu, n-tiri Ashanti Naa saɣisiɣu, ka piiri niriba ban tu ni bɛ tooi lee nanima naa maa nyaaŋa. O tizodoo ŋɔ nam saha, Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla ŋun yɛla pam din niŋ ka mali barina ti bɛ sɔɣibiɛɣuni,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gold Coast: The Yaa Asantewaa War |url=https://vocal.media/history/the-gold-coast-the-yaa-asantewaa-war |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=History |language=en}}</ref> nti pahi tɔbu din daa ŋmɛ yuuni 1883 hali ni yuuni 1888.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-24 |title=Igboho and allegory of Asantehene golden stool |url=https://www.thecable.ng/igboho-and-allegory-of-asantehene-golden-stool |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Din daa niŋ ka o beli ŋɔ kpi yuuni 1894, Yaa Asantewaa daa zaŋ ya' shɛli o ni mali m-piigi o yaaŋa ka o leegi<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|title=Yaa Asantewaa|date=2016-07-22|website=Dangerous Women Project|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> Ejisuhene. Di ni daa niŋ ka Britiishi kari o yaaŋa ŋɔ tahi [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1896, nti pahi Naa Prempeh I mini ninvuɣu shɛba Ashanti tiŋgbani ni, Yaa Asantewaa daa lee gbaŋlana ti Ejisu–Juaben yaɣili. Naa Prempeh{{nbsp}}I kari yihi nyaaŋa, Britiishi zuɣulana ti [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]], Frederick Hodgson, daa zami ni shee o deei bɛ salima nam kuɣu din nya simbuli Ashanti tiŋgbani.<ref name=dq/> Lala yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ maa daa che ka Ashanti niriba ban daa na beni laɣim ʒini ni bɛ tɔ jina zaŋ yi bɛ ni yɛn niŋ shɛm ka labisi bɛ naa na. Nangbakpeeni daa luna zaŋ yi bɛ ni niŋ shɛm. Yaa Asantewaa, ŋun daa be laɣingu ŋɔ ni, daa vaai yiɣisi zani ka di fiila ŋɔ: {{blockquote|Wula ka ninvuɣu kpɛma ni bidibsi ka mani Ashantinima yɛn ʒia yuuni ka siliminga kana ti gbuɣi bɛ nanima, ka dihi ba bi zaŋ yi bɛ ni bɔri bɛ salima nam kuɣu shɛm. Salima kuɣu nyɛla ariʒichi ti siliminsi ŋɔ bana; Bɛ gbi luɣili kam bɔri la di shee. Man' ku yo hali kobo janjani ti bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ. Di yi niŋ ka yi nanima ŋɔ yɛn be ka dabiɛma nima ka ku tuhi, din ŋuna paamiya yin chinchina na ŋɔ na ka dee n-pɛto.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12">{{Cite journal|last=Aidoo|first=Agnes Akosua|year=1977|title=Asante Queen Mothers in Government and Politics in the Nineteenth Century|journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria|volume=9|issue=1|page=12|jstor=41857049}}</ref>}} N-yɛn wuhi o nimohi zaŋ chaŋ tobu polo, Yaa Asantewaa daa darigi deei malifa luhi buɣim dobba ŋɔ tooni.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12" /> Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla Ashanti na shɛba ni ni piigi ni o lee toondana ʒi tob' bihi chaŋ tobu maa. Ŋɔ nyɛla tuuli ni di ko Ashanti taarihi ni ka bɛ ti paɣa lala soli. <ref>{{Cite journal|first=Arhin|last= Brempong|year=2000|title=The role of Nana Yaa Asantewaa in the 1900 Asante War of Resistance|url=http://people.ucalgary.ca/~taarn/LeGriot/article4.pdf|journal=Le Griot|volume= VIII|via=ucalgary.ca}}</ref> Yaa Asantewaa daa kpaŋsi ka nyɛm o niriba ŋɔ ni ni bɛ chaŋ ti tuhi Britiishinim' ŋɔ ni fiila ŋɔ: {{Blockquote|text=Ashanti bidib' kuma, ti nyɛla Britiishi zuɣulana ni bo vu karili ka di nyɛla o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu, din nya simbuli wuhiri Ashanti zaa nangban yini. Di bi yuui, siliminga ŋɔ daa kana ti ʒini ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni ka zaŋ kpɛŋ deei Ashanti ni di lee bɛ sulinsi. Di bi tu ni ti lahi tam ni naa Karikari saha, niriba ŋɔ daa lahi nyɛla ban ŋmɛ ti tobuhankali ni ku tooi deei, n-saɣim ti nayili ka nyo li buɣim bɛ ni daa va binshɛɣu kam yi dini naai. Bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ daa gbahi ti Naa mini o nabihi ka so bi yaagi o noli. Zuŋɔ, o lahi labina ni o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu. Yi nim bidibsi ni dobba, ti tu ni kuli ʒi ka niŋdi ka mani binkobiri maa? Di tuya ni ti yiɣisi zab' ti maŋ zuɣu; din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ti ʒia ka siliminsi ban niya ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni kuli bɛ zu ariʒichi kana ti ku ti ka saɣim ti nɛma, ka lahi bɔri ni bɛ zu ti salima nam kuɣu. Yiɣisim ya! Ka ti gu ka taɣi ti salima nam kuɣu ka che siliminsi ŋɔ. Din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ni ti kuli be dablim ni saha kam. M mali ʒili n-gari tooni zaŋ ya chaŋ ti tuhi siliminsi ŋɔ.}} Ashanti yiŋ linjima tali daa nyɛla din labi yiɣisi zaŋ yi o nimohi ni siliminsi ŋɔ tuhibu polo. {{citation needed|date=December 2023}} O nini daa bi tiɣidobba ŋɔ niŋsim zaŋ chaŋ siliminsi tuhi polo. Yaa Asantewaa daa ŋmɛ paɣatali ni dotali naangbakpeeni ka kpaŋsi bipuɣinsi ni yiɣisi tuhi. Ashanti mini British salima nam kuɣu tobu ka lahi booni ni li "Yaa Asantewaa tobu"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2018/apr/05/queen-mother-yaa-asantewaa-led-fight-against-briti/?page=1|title=Queen-mother Yaa Asantewaa led the fight against British colonialism|first=Herb|last=Boyd|author-link=Herb Boyd|work=[[New York Amsterdam News]]|date=5 April 2018}}</ref> – daa nyɛla naa Nana Yaa Asantewaa ni gari tooni ni tob' bihi tusaanu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html|title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire|website=blackhistoryheroes.com|language=en|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref> == Tobu maa saha mini di nyaaŋa == [[File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|thumb|Duu maa daa nyela Yaa Asantuwa sarika niriba ni daa nyeli shem]] Di daa pilila nashaara goli March  yuuni 1900, tobu maa ni daa paai gbaŋpiela maa na kumasi,  luɣsheli be ni daa saɣi n deei. Zabili maa na kuli benimi hali ni zuŋɔ kaman Kumasi zaba mini lingima nima binyera duu. Chira a shem nyaaŋa,  Gold coast zuɣulana daa timila tobu bihi 1400 tobu maa ni. Zabili maa ni, Yaa Asantuwa mini ninvuɣi pia ni anu sheba ban daa saɣisiri o _Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase, Nana Kwaku Duah, Nana Yaw Akoto, Nana Abena Nkyinkyim, Nana Osei Tutu II, Nana Adjei Kwaku, Nana Afia Kobi Serwaa Ampem, Nana Kofi Kumi, Nana Kwabena Nkyinkyim, Nana Okwan Nkyinkyim, Nana Agyeman Badu, Nana Ntiamoah, Nana Ababio, Nana Afia Nkyinkyim n ti pahi Nana Osei Bonsu _ be daa gbahi ba mi ka zaŋba n cheŋ ti bahi Seychelles. Amaa o saɣisiriba maa yuya daa bi kpe puuni litiricha kundu ŋan beni maa ni<ref>Berry, L. V., ''Ghana: a Country Study''.</ref> Tobu tuhiriba maa daa zanimi n ti bahigu tobu Anglo- Asante tobu din daa niŋ 19th century la. Lala liribu ŋɔ , Ashanti tobu bihi ban kalinli daa yaɣi tusa ayi ( 2000 ) daa kɔŋla be nyɛvuya ka British nima gba kamani ninvuɣi tuhili (1000) gba daa kɔŋ be nyɛvuya . Dini n daa nye nyɛvuya ni yi pam shelini Anglo-Ashanti tobu maa ni ka di daa niŋ la chira ayobu. Nashaara goli January dahinyini dali yuuni 1902. British daa ti bahi fa Empire sheŋa Ashanti nima maa ni daa su kamani yuun kobiga nyaaŋa, ka be lɛbigirila Ashanti nima maa British nam guriba<ref name="Boahen2003">{{cite book|last=Boahen|first=A. Adu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S4ALSvMlbzUC|title=Queen Yaa Asantewaa and the Asante-British War of 1900-1|publisher=James Currey Publishers|year=2003|isbn=978-0-85255-443-2}}</ref> Frederick Mitchell Hodgson daa zami ni Ashanti zaŋ mi bɛ salima kuɣu la nti ti o saha shɛli Ashanti nima ni daa saha n ti ni bɛ ku tooi di nasara Britain nim zuɣu. Salima Kua maa nyɛla din gaƔim ka mali dariza Ashanti tingbaŋ nyɛvuli ni tuun kurumbuni ha daa be nimaani n-ti paai yuun’ kɔbiga ayɔpɔin saha shɛli saha miriya ka bɛ daa kul mali chaŋ tiŋgbɔŋ maa. Kukɔɣili maa nyɛla zaɣ’ jilima mini zaɣ’ pinaayi din yɛliŋ mi miri ka naanyi ʒini di ʒini di zuɣusaa polo. Bɛ ni daa zaŋ salima kuɣ’ gahindili maa ti bahi ka bɛ naanyi zaŋ salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ti sɔɣi. 1920, Africa tiŋgbɔŋ niŋgbuŋ daa nyɛla salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ka bɛ daa ti tum tuun’ shɛŋa, ka bɛ daa naanyi zaŋ salima zuɣu n-kɔb’ bɛ ni ti bɛ niŋ salima zuɣ’ shɛŋa niri salima la. Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa kpila Seychelles nashaara goli October yuuni 1921. Yuma ata o kpibu nyaaŋa , nashaara goli December  beɣu pia ni ayopɔin yuuni 1924, Naa prempeh ŋun nye tuuli mini ninvuɣi sheba ban daa be Ashanti exiled kootu maa ni daa nyela soli ni be labina Ashanti. Naa Prempeh ŋun nye tuuli daa chɛmi ka Yaa Asantuwa mini ban daa pahi maa niŋgbuna n labina Ashanti ni be ti simsi ba.[15]. Queen Yaa Asantuwa teha zaŋ chɛŋ Asanti maŋ sulinsi deebu nye be ni daa baŋ sheli nashaara goli March yuuni 1957, din daa niŋ ka Ashanti yaɣa nima deei maŋsulinsi n pahi Ghana zuɣu.  Ghana n daa nye tuuli gbaŋsabila tiŋgbani ban di nasara ŋɔ maa[16] == Biehigu ni tuma n zaŋ ti Ashanti paɣaba == Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa gbaaila British sulinsi zalisi ' ramifications' maa. Ghana nima zuŋɔ nye o mi ka o nyela paɣadede ŋun zaŋ o siyaasa mini ninsalisili biehigu n suŋsi n gu ka taɣi o tingbani. O niŋsim maa daa kpehila Ashanti dabiba korusi ni tuhi British nima maa, di daa yina ni di mali bukaata ni o ni nye so maa.[17] == O zaashee zaŋ chaŋ yelttɔɣikura kaya ni taada yuli zalibu == Yaa Asantewaa na nyela ninvuɣi so be ni yu Ashanti yeɣili mini Ghana yaɣa pam zaŋ kpa kurumbuna lahabaya polo, o tuma daa nyela o zabirila British sulinsi. O nyela ŋun daa <nowiki>''immortalized''</nowiki> yilli sheli ŋan do gbunni ŋɔ puuni. Koo koo hin koo Yaa Asantewaa ee! Obaa basia Ogyina apremo ano ee! Waye be egyae Na Wabo mmode Ti yi yen lihi anfaabi nima zaŋ kpa bipuɣinsi tooni tali polo ti Ghana ŋɔ,  Yaa Asantuwa Girl's bikura shikuru daa zalila Kumasi yuuni 1960, ka di nyela Ghana baŋsim bobu yaɣili.[23] Yuuni 2000, bakoi yini chuɣu daa puhila Ghana ni di yi Yaa Asantuwa  nasara dibo n wuhi salo. Chuɣu ŋɔ puuni, museum daa dedicate mi n ti o la Kwaso din be Ejisu-Juaben yaɣili la ni nashaara goli August dabaa ata dali yuuni 2000. Nasara kalinsi, buɣim daa dila be yelikura maa sheŋa  o namda mini o tobu nema daa pahiya nashaara goli July yuuni 2004.(batakarikese) a ni nya sheli anfooni ŋan bɛ zuɣu saa maa ni maa.[24][25] Queen mother so ŋun na ʒi Ejisu gbana ŋɔ zuɣu nyela Yaa Asantuwa ŋun pahi ayi. Yaa Asantuwa chuɣu ŋan pahi ayi daa niŋla nashaara goli August dabisili yini zaŋ chaŋ dabaa anu yuuni 2006 Ejisu tiŋgbani ni.[26] Pumpoŋɔ boligu din daa boli ni be mɛ Yaa Asantuwa binkura biehigu shee Yaa Asantuwa senta din be Maida Vale, west London, nyela gbaŋsabila- Caribbean mebu mini tiŋa dema dug.[27] be daa zali li la yuuni 1986[28] ka zaŋ o yuli n bolili. Lala duu ŋɔ zanimi n ti ti kaya dema duu ni tiŋa ni laɣinsi ka di nyela di borimi ni de kpuɣi ti gbansabila tiŋgbani polo zuɣu saa UK tingbani ni. Niniyula kpandɔɣu puuni lahabaya Ivor Agyeman-Duah, ni yihi sheli na ka boli di yuli Yaa Asantuwa _.  Exile zuɣulana Prempeh mini Paɣa dede Gbansabila tiŋgbani puuni daa yihimi n wuhi salo la Ghana tiŋgbani ni yuuni2001.[29] Kundu shɛli be ni bol 'i stage show' ka di nyela Margaret Busby n daa sabi li : Yaa Asantuwa : paɣa tobituhira,  Geraldine Connor n daa lihiri ka di chena n zaŋ luŋ ŋmɛri biinga pahi Kofi Guanabara[30][31] be mini pan_ African cast, gili la UK ni Ghana yuuni 2001 zaŋ hali ni 2002[32][33] Walansi dema lala sasabira maa yaha daa pirimi ni yaɣa diba anu( nashaara goli October bieɣu pia ni ata zaŋ chaŋ bieɣu pia ni apɔin yuuni 2003) [34] BBC radio paɣaba  anahi saha daa beni n ti pahi Glenna Foster- Jones ni Jack Klaff, Pam Fraser Solomon n daa yuuni di zuɣu, ka Gbemisola Ikumelo, ni Nana Tsiboe, Kofi Adu,Jojo Yates , Asabre Quaye ni AtongoZimba.[35][36][37] Yuuni 2018 album din daa yina British jazz troupe bidibsi zaŋ ti kemet, Yi paɣa dede maa nyela 'Reptile ' n zaŋ gbansabilli paɣa yu zalibo kurumbuna maa ni n  boli yila . Yaa Asantuwa yuli n daa bɛ yilli ŋan pahi ayopɔin ni " My Queen is Yaa Asantuwa ". Yaa Asantuwa daa nyela duniya zaa ni daa mi so yela ka di nyela o kpaŋmaŋa zaŋ cheŋ paɣaba " rights mini freedom. Germany tiŋgbani ni be daa zaŋla o yuli n ti pini sheli ka di nyela be nintiɣili ni gbansabila tiŋgbani paɣaba kpaŋmaŋa == Kundivihira == <references /> [[Pubu: Lahabaya zaa]] [[Pubu:Paɣaba]] [[Pubu:Paɣa]] [[Pubu:Ninsala ŋun lahi ka o nyevuli ni]] ejgs2wb2trwu4pa0kjv500eln96ntxw 116201 116200 2025-06-24T20:58:04Z Tunteeya1 5942 /* Tobu maa saha mini di nyaaŋa */ correction of spelling errors 116201 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Bio}} [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu.jpg|thumb|Ya Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu]] [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa Museum (4).jpg|thumb|Yaa Asantewaa Museum]] '''Yaa Asantewaa I''' ({{Circa}} 1840 – 17 ''[[October]]'' 1921) daa nyɛla napaɣa so ŋun zani n-ti Ejisu yaɣili din be ''Ashanti Empire'' la saha ŋɔ di pa nyɛla [[Ghana]] yaɣi shɛli.o tizodoo Nana Akwasi Afrane Okese n-daa nyɛ ŋun daa piigi o "Edwesuhene" bee Edwesu kpema. Yuuni 1900 pulini, ŋuna n-daa nyɛ ŋun gari tooni n-tuhi Kanbonsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ ni lahi m-booni salima kuɣu tɔbu(War of the Golden Stool) la, bee Yaa Asantewaa maŋsulinsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British Empire ni daa tuhi la.<ref>[[Kwame Anthony Appiah|Appiah, Kwame Anthony]], and [[Henry Louis Gates, Jr.]] (eds), ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience'', 1999, p.{{nbsp}}276.</ref> == Taarihi == Bɛ daa dɔɣila Yaa Asantewaa 1840 yuuni tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Besease Community Senior High School|Besease]] la. O laamba n-daa nyɛ Kwaku Ampoma mini Ata Po. O tizodoo, Afrane Panin, daa lebila naa n-zaŋ ti [[Edweso]] , tiŋ' din daa m-baɣi ba la. O daa kola binbira poli shɛli din m-baɣi tiŋ' din yuli booni Boankra la. O daa kuli la [[Kumasi|Kumahi]] doo, ka doo maa daa lee mali paɣa, ka bɛ daa dɔɣi bipuɣinbila.<ref name="dq">{{Cite web|last=Korsah, Chantal|date=22 July 2016|title=Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=20 February 2017|publisher=Dangerous Women}}</ref> Asantewaa daa kpila tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1921. O daa nyɛla pukpara ka lahi nyɛ ma suŋ. O daa nyɛla baŋsim lana, siyaasa nira, napaɣa ka lahi nyɛ tɔbu toondana. Yaa Asantewaa yuli daa yila polo ka di nyɛla o ni daa mali yaa n-gari kambɔŋ nanima maa zuɣu, Yaa Asantewaa tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British nima ni daa tuhiri ni bi gu salima nam kuɣ' maa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nana Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=2020-01-11|website=nanayaaasantewaa.de|archive-date=2022-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411021631/http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Prelude to rebellion== Yaa Asantewaa tizodoo ŋun daa nyɛ o beli, Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase daa nyɛla ŋun za zaashe karili ka daa piigi Asantewaa n-leegi paɣa naa. Di daa nyɛla zaashe karili din mali yuli pam<ref>{{Cite web |title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire |url=https://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html |access-date=2024-11-05 |language=en}}</ref> dama o tuma n-daa nyɛ li ni o gu ka taɣi salima nam kuɣu, n-tiri Ashanti Naa saɣisiɣu, ka piiri niriba ban tu ni bɛ tooi lee nanima naa maa nyaaŋa. O tizodoo ŋɔ nam saha, Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla ŋun yɛla pam din niŋ ka mali barina ti bɛ sɔɣibiɛɣuni,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gold Coast: The Yaa Asantewaa War |url=https://vocal.media/history/the-gold-coast-the-yaa-asantewaa-war |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=History |language=en}}</ref> nti pahi tɔbu din daa ŋmɛ yuuni 1883 hali ni yuuni 1888.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-24 |title=Igboho and allegory of Asantehene golden stool |url=https://www.thecable.ng/igboho-and-allegory-of-asantehene-golden-stool |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Din daa niŋ ka o beli ŋɔ kpi yuuni 1894, Yaa Asantewaa daa zaŋ ya' shɛli o ni mali m-piigi o yaaŋa ka o leegi<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|title=Yaa Asantewaa|date=2016-07-22|website=Dangerous Women Project|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> Ejisuhene. Di ni daa niŋ ka Britiishi kari o yaaŋa ŋɔ tahi [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1896, nti pahi Naa Prempeh I mini ninvuɣu shɛba Ashanti tiŋgbani ni, Yaa Asantewaa daa lee gbaŋlana ti Ejisu–Juaben yaɣili. Naa Prempeh{{nbsp}}I kari yihi nyaaŋa, Britiishi zuɣulana ti [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]], Frederick Hodgson, daa zami ni shee o deei bɛ salima nam kuɣu din nya simbuli Ashanti tiŋgbani.<ref name=dq/> Lala yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ maa daa che ka Ashanti niriba ban daa na beni laɣim ʒini ni bɛ tɔ jina zaŋ yi bɛ ni yɛn niŋ shɛm ka labisi bɛ naa na. Nangbakpeeni daa luna zaŋ yi bɛ ni niŋ shɛm. Yaa Asantewaa, ŋun daa be laɣingu ŋɔ ni, daa vaai yiɣisi zani ka di fiila ŋɔ: {{blockquote|Wula ka ninvuɣu kpɛma ni bidibsi ka mani Ashantinima yɛn ʒia yuuni ka siliminga kana ti gbuɣi bɛ nanima, ka dihi ba bi zaŋ yi bɛ ni bɔri bɛ salima nam kuɣu shɛm. Salima kuɣu nyɛla ariʒichi ti siliminsi ŋɔ bana; Bɛ gbi luɣili kam bɔri la di shee. Man' ku yo hali kobo janjani ti bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ. Di yi niŋ ka yi nanima ŋɔ yɛn be ka dabiɛma nima ka ku tuhi, din ŋuna paamiya yin chinchina na ŋɔ na ka dee n-pɛto.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12">{{Cite journal|last=Aidoo|first=Agnes Akosua|year=1977|title=Asante Queen Mothers in Government and Politics in the Nineteenth Century|journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria|volume=9|issue=1|page=12|jstor=41857049}}</ref>}} N-yɛn wuhi o nimohi zaŋ chaŋ tobu polo, Yaa Asantewaa daa darigi deei malifa luhi buɣim dobba ŋɔ tooni.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12" /> Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla Ashanti na shɛba ni ni piigi ni o lee toondana ʒi tob' bihi chaŋ tobu maa. Ŋɔ nyɛla tuuli ni di ko Ashanti taarihi ni ka bɛ ti paɣa lala soli. <ref>{{Cite journal|first=Arhin|last= Brempong|year=2000|title=The role of Nana Yaa Asantewaa in the 1900 Asante War of Resistance|url=http://people.ucalgary.ca/~taarn/LeGriot/article4.pdf|journal=Le Griot|volume= VIII|via=ucalgary.ca}}</ref> Yaa Asantewaa daa kpaŋsi ka nyɛm o niriba ŋɔ ni ni bɛ chaŋ ti tuhi Britiishinim' ŋɔ ni fiila ŋɔ: {{Blockquote|text=Ashanti bidib' kuma, ti nyɛla Britiishi zuɣulana ni bo vu karili ka di nyɛla o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu, din nya simbuli wuhiri Ashanti zaa nangban yini. Di bi yuui, siliminga ŋɔ daa kana ti ʒini ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni ka zaŋ kpɛŋ deei Ashanti ni di lee bɛ sulinsi. Di bi tu ni ti lahi tam ni naa Karikari saha, niriba ŋɔ daa lahi nyɛla ban ŋmɛ ti tobuhankali ni ku tooi deei, n-saɣim ti nayili ka nyo li buɣim bɛ ni daa va binshɛɣu kam yi dini naai. Bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ daa gbahi ti Naa mini o nabihi ka so bi yaagi o noli. Zuŋɔ, o lahi labina ni o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu. Yi nim bidibsi ni dobba, ti tu ni kuli ʒi ka niŋdi ka mani binkobiri maa? Di tuya ni ti yiɣisi zab' ti maŋ zuɣu; din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ti ʒia ka siliminsi ban niya ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni kuli bɛ zu ariʒichi kana ti ku ti ka saɣim ti nɛma, ka lahi bɔri ni bɛ zu ti salima nam kuɣu. Yiɣisim ya! Ka ti gu ka taɣi ti salima nam kuɣu ka che siliminsi ŋɔ. Din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ni ti kuli be dablim ni saha kam. M mali ʒili n-gari tooni zaŋ ya chaŋ ti tuhi siliminsi ŋɔ.}} Ashanti yiŋ linjima tali daa nyɛla din labi yiɣisi zaŋ yi o nimohi ni siliminsi ŋɔ tuhibu polo. {{citation needed|date=December 2023}} O nini daa bi tiɣidobba ŋɔ niŋsim zaŋ chaŋ siliminsi tuhi polo. Yaa Asantewaa daa ŋmɛ paɣatali ni dotali naangbakpeeni ka kpaŋsi bipuɣinsi ni yiɣisi tuhi. Ashanti mini British salima nam kuɣu tobu ka lahi booni ni li "Yaa Asantewaa tobu"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2018/apr/05/queen-mother-yaa-asantewaa-led-fight-against-briti/?page=1|title=Queen-mother Yaa Asantewaa led the fight against British colonialism|first=Herb|last=Boyd|author-link=Herb Boyd|work=[[New York Amsterdam News]]|date=5 April 2018}}</ref> – daa nyɛla naa Nana Yaa Asantewaa ni gari tooni ni tob' bihi tusaanu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html|title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire|website=blackhistoryheroes.com|language=en|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref> == Tobu maa saha mini di nyaaŋa == [[File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|thumb|Duu maa daa nyela Yaa Asantuwa sarika niriba ni daa nyeli shem]] Di daa pilila nashaara goli March  yuuni 1900, tobu maa ni daa paai gbaŋpiɛla maa na Kumasi,  luɣshɛli bɛ ni daa saɣi n-deei. Zabili maa na kuli benimi hali ni zuŋɔ kamani Kumasi zaba mini linjima nima binyera duu. Chira a shɛm nyaaŋa,  Gold coast zuɣulana daa timila tobu bihi 1400 tobu maa ni. Zabili maa ni, Yaa Asantuwa mini ninvuɣi pia ni anu shɛba ban daa saɣisiri o _Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase, Nana Kwaku Duah, Nana Yaw Akoto, Nana Abena Nkyinkyim, Nana Osei Tutu II, Nana Adjei Kwaku, Nana Afia Kobi Serwaa Ampem, Nana Kofi Kumi, Nana Kwabena Nkyinkyim, Nana Okwan Nkyinkyim, Nana Agyeman Badu, Nana Ntiamoah, Nana Ababio, Nana Afia Nkyinkyim n ti pahi Nana Osei Bonsu _ be daa gbahi ba mi ka zaŋba n cheŋ ti bahi Seychelles. Amaa o saɣisiriba maa yuya daa bi kpe puuni litiricha kundu ŋan beni maa ni<ref>Berry, L. V., ''Ghana: a Country Study''.</ref> Tobu tuhiriba maa daa zanimi n ti bahigu tobu Anglo- Asante tobu din daa niŋ 19th century la. Lala liribu ŋɔ , Ashanti tobu bihi ban kalinli daa yaɣi tusa ayi ( 2000 ) daa kɔŋla be nyɛvuya ka British nima gba kamani ninvuɣi tuhili (1000) gba daa kɔŋ be nyɛvuya . Dini n daa nye nyɛvuya ni yi pam shelini Anglo-Ashanti tobu maa ni ka di daa niŋ la chira ayobu. Nashaara goli January dahinyini dali yuuni 1902. British daa ti bahi fa Empire sheŋa Ashanti nima maa ni daa su kamani yuun kobiga nyaaŋa, ka be lɛbigirila Ashanti nima maa British nam guriba<ref name="Boahen2003">{{cite book|last=Boahen|first=A. Adu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S4ALSvMlbzUC|title=Queen Yaa Asantewaa and the Asante-British War of 1900-1|publisher=James Currey Publishers|year=2003|isbn=978-0-85255-443-2}}</ref> Frederick Mitchell Hodgson daa zami ni Ashanti zaŋ mi bɛ salima kuɣu la nti ti o saha shɛli Ashanti nima ni daa saha n ti ni bɛ ku tooi di nasara Britain nim zuɣu. Salima Kua maa nyɛla din gaƔim ka mali dariza Ashanti tingbaŋ nyɛvuli ni tuun kurumbuni ha daa be nimaani n-ti paai yuun’ kɔbiga ayɔpɔin saha shɛli saha miriya ka bɛ daa kul mali chaŋ tiŋgbɔŋ maa. Kukɔɣili maa nyɛla zaɣ’ jilima mini zaɣ’ pinaayi din yɛliŋ mi miri ka naanyi ʒini di ʒini di zuɣusaa polo. Bɛ ni daa zaŋ salima kuɣ’ gahindili maa ti bahi ka bɛ naanyi zaŋ salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ti sɔɣi. 1920, Africa tiŋgbɔŋ niŋgbuŋ daa nyɛla salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ka bɛ daa ti tum tuun’ shɛŋa, ka bɛ daa naanyi zaŋ salima zuɣu n-kɔb’ bɛ ni ti bɛ niŋ salima zuɣ’ shɛŋa niri salima la. Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa kpila Seychelles nashaara goli October yuuni 1921. Yuma ata o kpibu nyaaŋa , nashaara goli December  beɣu pia ni ayopɔin yuuni 1924, Naa prempeh ŋun nye tuuli mini ninvuɣi sheba ban daa be Ashanti exiled kootu maa ni daa nyela soli ni be labina Ashanti. Naa Prempeh ŋun nye tuuli daa chɛmi ka Yaa Asantuwa mini ban daa pahi maa niŋgbuna n labina Ashanti ni be ti simsi ba.[15]. Queen Yaa Asantuwa teha zaŋ chɛŋ Asanti maŋ sulinsi deebu nye be ni daa baŋ sheli nashaara goli March yuuni 1957, din daa niŋ ka Ashanti yaɣa nima deei maŋsulinsi n pahi Ghana zuɣu.  Ghana n daa nye tuuli gbaŋsabila tiŋgbani ban di nasara ŋɔ maa[16] == Biehigu ni tuma n zaŋ ti Ashanti paɣaba == Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa gbaaila British sulinsi zalisi ' ramifications' maa. Ghana nima zuŋɔ nye o mi ka o nyela paɣadede ŋun zaŋ o siyaasa mini ninsalisili biehigu n suŋsi n gu ka taɣi o tingbani. O niŋsim maa daa kpehila Ashanti dabiba korusi ni tuhi British nima maa, di daa yina ni di mali bukaata ni o ni nye so maa.[17] == O zaashee zaŋ chaŋ yelttɔɣikura kaya ni taada yuli zalibu == Yaa Asantewaa na nyela ninvuɣi so be ni yu Ashanti yeɣili mini Ghana yaɣa pam zaŋ kpa kurumbuna lahabaya polo, o tuma daa nyela o zabirila British sulinsi. O nyela ŋun daa <nowiki>''immortalized''</nowiki> yilli sheli ŋan do gbunni ŋɔ puuni. Koo koo hin koo Yaa Asantewaa ee! Obaa basia Ogyina apremo ano ee! Waye be egyae Na Wabo mmode Ti yi yen lihi anfaabi nima zaŋ kpa bipuɣinsi tooni tali polo ti Ghana ŋɔ,  Yaa Asantuwa Girl's bikura shikuru daa zalila Kumasi yuuni 1960, ka di nyela Ghana baŋsim bobu yaɣili.[23] Yuuni 2000, bakoi yini chuɣu daa puhila Ghana ni di yi Yaa Asantuwa  nasara dibo n wuhi salo. Chuɣu ŋɔ puuni, museum daa dedicate mi n ti o la Kwaso din be Ejisu-Juaben yaɣili la ni nashaara goli August dabaa ata dali yuuni 2000. Nasara kalinsi, buɣim daa dila be yelikura maa sheŋa  o namda mini o tobu nema daa pahiya nashaara goli July yuuni 2004.(batakarikese) a ni nya sheli anfooni ŋan bɛ zuɣu saa maa ni maa.[24][25] Queen mother so ŋun na ʒi Ejisu gbana ŋɔ zuɣu nyela Yaa Asantuwa ŋun pahi ayi. Yaa Asantuwa chuɣu ŋan pahi ayi daa niŋla nashaara goli August dabisili yini zaŋ chaŋ dabaa anu yuuni 2006 Ejisu tiŋgbani ni.[26] Pumpoŋɔ boligu din daa boli ni be mɛ Yaa Asantuwa binkura biehigu shee Yaa Asantuwa senta din be Maida Vale, west London, nyela gbaŋsabila- Caribbean mebu mini tiŋa dema dug.[27] be daa zali li la yuuni 1986[28] ka zaŋ o yuli n bolili. Lala duu ŋɔ zanimi n ti ti kaya dema duu ni tiŋa ni laɣinsi ka di nyela di borimi ni de kpuɣi ti gbansabila tiŋgbani polo zuɣu saa UK tingbani ni. Niniyula kpandɔɣu puuni lahabaya Ivor Agyeman-Duah, ni yihi sheli na ka boli di yuli Yaa Asantuwa _.  Exile zuɣulana Prempeh mini Paɣa dede Gbansabila tiŋgbani puuni daa yihimi n wuhi salo la Ghana tiŋgbani ni yuuni2001.[29] Kundu shɛli be ni bol 'i stage show' ka di nyela Margaret Busby n daa sabi li : Yaa Asantuwa : paɣa tobituhira,  Geraldine Connor n daa lihiri ka di chena n zaŋ luŋ ŋmɛri biinga pahi Kofi Guanabara[30][31] be mini pan_ African cast, gili la UK ni Ghana yuuni 2001 zaŋ hali ni 2002[32][33] Walansi dema lala sasabira maa yaha daa pirimi ni yaɣa diba anu( nashaara goli October bieɣu pia ni ata zaŋ chaŋ bieɣu pia ni apɔin yuuni 2003) [34] BBC radio paɣaba  anahi saha daa beni n ti pahi Glenna Foster- Jones ni Jack Klaff, Pam Fraser Solomon n daa yuuni di zuɣu, ka Gbemisola Ikumelo, ni Nana Tsiboe, Kofi Adu,Jojo Yates , Asabre Quaye ni AtongoZimba.[35][36][37] Yuuni 2018 album din daa yina British jazz troupe bidibsi zaŋ ti kemet, Yi paɣa dede maa nyela 'Reptile ' n zaŋ gbansabilli paɣa yu zalibo kurumbuna maa ni n  boli yila . Yaa Asantuwa yuli n daa bɛ yilli ŋan pahi ayopɔin ni " My Queen is Yaa Asantuwa ". Yaa Asantuwa daa nyela duniya zaa ni daa mi so yela ka di nyela o kpaŋmaŋa zaŋ cheŋ paɣaba " rights mini freedom. Germany tiŋgbani ni be daa zaŋla o yuli n ti pini sheli ka di nyela be nintiɣili ni gbansabila tiŋgbani paɣaba kpaŋmaŋa == Kundivihira == <references /> [[Pubu: Lahabaya zaa]] [[Pubu:Paɣaba]] [[Pubu:Paɣa]] [[Pubu:Ninsala ŋun lahi ka o nyevuli ni]] pe01gvcz7wroc9cuhj491x4lfh1b0eq 116202 116201 2025-06-24T21:43:48Z Phasy GH 5787 Made a correction 116202 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Bio}} [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu.jpg|thumb|Ya Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu]] [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa Museum (4).jpg|thumb|Yaa Asantewaa Museum]] '''Yaa Asantewaa I''' ({{Circa}} 1840 – 17 ''[[October]]'' 1921) daa nyɛla Ejisu din be Ashanti Empire la napaɣa saha ŋɔ din pa nyɛla [[Ghana]] yaɣi shɛli.o tizodoo Nana Akwasi Afrane Okese n-daa nyɛ ŋun daa piigi o "Edwesuhene" bee Edwesu kpema. Yuuni 1900 pulini, ŋuna n-daa nyɛ ŋun gari tooni n-tuhi Kanbonsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ ni lahi m-booni salima kuɣu tɔbu(War of the Golden Stool) la, bee Yaa Asantewaa maŋsulinsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British Empire ni daa tuhi la.<ref>[[Kwame Anthony Appiah|Appiah, Kwame Anthony]], and [[Henry Louis Gates, Jr.]] (eds), ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience'', 1999, p.{{nbsp}}276.</ref> == Taarihi == Bɛ daa dɔɣila Yaa Asantewaa 1840 yuuni tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Besease Community Senior High School|Besease]] la. O laamba n-daa nyɛ Kwaku Ampoma mini Ata Po. O tizodoo, Afrane Panin, daa lebila naa n-zaŋ ti [[Edweso]] , tiŋ' din daa m-baɣi ba la. O daa kola binbira poli shɛli din m-baɣi tiŋ' din yuli booni Boankra la. O daa kuli la [[Kumasi|Kumahi]] doo, ka doo maa daa lee mali paɣa, ka bɛ daa dɔɣi bipuɣinbila.<ref name="dq">{{Cite web|last=Korsah, Chantal|date=22 July 2016|title=Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=20 February 2017|publisher=Dangerous Women}}</ref> Asantewaa daa kpila tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1921. O daa nyɛla pukpara ka lahi nyɛ ma suŋ. O daa nyɛla baŋsim lana, siyaasa nira, napaɣa ka lahi nyɛ tɔbu toondana. Yaa Asantewaa yuli daa yila polo ka di nyɛla o ni daa mali yaa n-gari kambɔŋ nanima maa zuɣu, Yaa Asantewaa tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British nima ni daa tuhiri ni bi gu salima nam kuɣ' maa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nana Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=2020-01-11|website=nanayaaasantewaa.de|archive-date=2022-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411021631/http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Prelude to rebellion== Yaa Asantewaa tizodoo ŋun daa nyɛ o beli, Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase daa nyɛla ŋun za zaashe karili ka daa piigi Asantewaa n-leegi paɣa naa. Di daa nyɛla zaashe karili din mali yuli pam<ref>{{Cite web |title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire |url=https://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html |access-date=2024-11-05 |language=en}}</ref> dama o tuma n-daa nyɛ li ni o gu ka taɣi salima nam kuɣu, n-tiri Ashanti Naa saɣisiɣu, ka piiri niriba ban tu ni bɛ tooi lee nanima naa maa nyaaŋa. O tizodoo ŋɔ nam saha, Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla ŋun yɛla pam din niŋ ka mali barina ti bɛ sɔɣibiɛɣuni,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gold Coast: The Yaa Asantewaa War |url=https://vocal.media/history/the-gold-coast-the-yaa-asantewaa-war |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=History |language=en}}</ref> nti pahi tɔbu din daa ŋmɛ yuuni 1883 hali ni yuuni 1888.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-24 |title=Igboho and allegory of Asantehene golden stool |url=https://www.thecable.ng/igboho-and-allegory-of-asantehene-golden-stool |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Din daa niŋ ka o beli ŋɔ kpi yuuni 1894, Yaa Asantewaa daa zaŋ ya' shɛli o ni mali m-piigi o yaaŋa ka o leegi<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|title=Yaa Asantewaa|date=2016-07-22|website=Dangerous Women Project|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> Ejisuhene. Di ni daa niŋ ka Britiishi kari o yaaŋa ŋɔ tahi [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1896, nti pahi Naa Prempeh I mini ninvuɣu shɛba Ashanti tiŋgbani ni, Yaa Asantewaa daa lee gbaŋlana ti Ejisu–Juaben yaɣili. Naa Prempeh{{nbsp}}I kari yihi nyaaŋa, Britiishi zuɣulana ti [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]], Frederick Hodgson, daa zami ni shee o deei bɛ salima nam kuɣu din nya simbuli Ashanti tiŋgbani.<ref name=dq/> Lala yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ maa daa che ka Ashanti niriba ban daa na beni laɣim ʒini ni bɛ tɔ jina zaŋ yi bɛ ni yɛn niŋ shɛm ka labisi bɛ naa na. Nangbakpeeni daa luna zaŋ yi bɛ ni niŋ shɛm. Yaa Asantewaa, ŋun daa be laɣingu ŋɔ ni, daa vaai yiɣisi zani ka di fiila ŋɔ: {{blockquote|Wula ka ninvuɣu kpɛma ni bidibsi ka mani Ashantinima yɛn ʒia yuuni ka siliminga kana ti gbuɣi bɛ nanima, ka dihi ba bi zaŋ yi bɛ ni bɔri bɛ salima nam kuɣu shɛm. Salima kuɣu nyɛla ariʒichi ti siliminsi ŋɔ bana; Bɛ gbi luɣili kam bɔri la di shee. Man' ku yo hali kobo janjani ti bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ. Di yi niŋ ka yi nanima ŋɔ yɛn be ka dabiɛma nima ka ku tuhi, din ŋuna paamiya yin chinchina na ŋɔ na ka dee n-pɛto.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12">{{Cite journal|last=Aidoo|first=Agnes Akosua|year=1977|title=Asante Queen Mothers in Government and Politics in the Nineteenth Century|journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria|volume=9|issue=1|page=12|jstor=41857049}}</ref>}} N-yɛn wuhi o nimohi zaŋ chaŋ tobu polo, Yaa Asantewaa daa darigi deei malifa luhi buɣim dobba ŋɔ tooni.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12" /> Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla Ashanti na shɛba ni ni piigi ni o lee toondana ʒi tob' bihi chaŋ tobu maa. Ŋɔ nyɛla tuuli ni di ko Ashanti taarihi ni ka bɛ ti paɣa lala soli. <ref>{{Cite journal|first=Arhin|last= Brempong|year=2000|title=The role of Nana Yaa Asantewaa in the 1900 Asante War of Resistance|url=http://people.ucalgary.ca/~taarn/LeGriot/article4.pdf|journal=Le Griot|volume= VIII|via=ucalgary.ca}}</ref> Yaa Asantewaa daa kpaŋsi ka nyɛm o niriba ŋɔ ni ni bɛ chaŋ ti tuhi Britiishinim' ŋɔ ni fiila ŋɔ: {{Blockquote|text=Ashanti bidib' kuma, ti nyɛla Britiishi zuɣulana ni bo vu karili ka di nyɛla o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu, din nya simbuli wuhiri Ashanti zaa nangban yini. Di bi yuui, siliminga ŋɔ daa kana ti ʒini ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni ka zaŋ kpɛŋ deei Ashanti ni di lee bɛ sulinsi. Di bi tu ni ti lahi tam ni naa Karikari saha, niriba ŋɔ daa lahi nyɛla ban ŋmɛ ti tobuhankali ni ku tooi deei, n-saɣim ti nayili ka nyo li buɣim bɛ ni daa va binshɛɣu kam yi dini naai. Bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ daa gbahi ti Naa mini o nabihi ka so bi yaagi o noli. Zuŋɔ, o lahi labina ni o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu. Yi nim bidibsi ni dobba, ti tu ni kuli ʒi ka niŋdi ka mani binkobiri maa? Di tuya ni ti yiɣisi zab' ti maŋ zuɣu; din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ti ʒia ka siliminsi ban niya ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni kuli bɛ zu ariʒichi kana ti ku ti ka saɣim ti nɛma, ka lahi bɔri ni bɛ zu ti salima nam kuɣu. Yiɣisim ya! Ka ti gu ka taɣi ti salima nam kuɣu ka che siliminsi ŋɔ. Din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ni ti kuli be dablim ni saha kam. M mali ʒili n-gari tooni zaŋ ya chaŋ ti tuhi siliminsi ŋɔ.}} Ashanti yiŋ linjima tali daa nyɛla din labi yiɣisi zaŋ yi o nimohi ni siliminsi ŋɔ tuhibu polo. {{citation needed|date=December 2023}} O nini daa bi tiɣidobba ŋɔ niŋsim zaŋ chaŋ siliminsi tuhi polo. Yaa Asantewaa daa ŋmɛ paɣatali ni dotali naangbakpeeni ka kpaŋsi bipuɣinsi ni yiɣisi tuhi. Ashanti mini British salima nam kuɣu tobu ka lahi booni ni li "Yaa Asantewaa tobu"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2018/apr/05/queen-mother-yaa-asantewaa-led-fight-against-briti/?page=1|title=Queen-mother Yaa Asantewaa led the fight against British colonialism|first=Herb|last=Boyd|author-link=Herb Boyd|work=[[New York Amsterdam News]]|date=5 April 2018}}</ref> – daa nyɛla naa Nana Yaa Asantewaa ni gari tooni ni tob' bihi tusaanu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html|title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire|website=blackhistoryheroes.com|language=en|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref> == Tobu maa saha mini di nyaaŋa == [[File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|thumb|Duu maa daa nyela Yaa Asantuwa sarika niriba ni daa nyeli shem]] Di daa pilila nashaara goli March  yuuni 1900, tobu maa ni daa paai gbaŋpiɛla maa na Kumasi,  luɣshɛli bɛ ni daa saɣi n-deei. Zabili maa na kuli benimi hali ni zuŋɔ kamani Kumasi zaba mini linjima nima binyera duu. Chira a shɛm nyaaŋa,  Gold coast zuɣulana daa timila tobu bihi 1400 tobu maa ni. Zabili maa ni, Yaa Asantuwa mini ninvuɣi pia ni anu shɛba ban daa saɣisiri o _Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase, Nana Kwaku Duah, Nana Yaw Akoto, Nana Abena Nkyinkyim, Nana Osei Tutu II, Nana Adjei Kwaku, Nana Afia Kobi Serwaa Ampem, Nana Kofi Kumi, Nana Kwabena Nkyinkyim, Nana Okwan Nkyinkyim, Nana Agyeman Badu, Nana Ntiamoah, Nana Ababio, Nana Afia Nkyinkyim n ti pahi Nana Osei Bonsu _ be daa gbahi ba mi ka zaŋba n cheŋ ti bahi Seychelles. Amaa o saɣisiriba maa yuya daa bi kpe puuni litiricha kundu ŋan beni maa ni<ref>Berry, L. V., ''Ghana: a Country Study''.</ref> Tobu tuhiriba maa daa zanimi n ti bahigu tobu Anglo- Asante tobu din daa niŋ 19th century la. Lala liribu ŋɔ , Ashanti tobu bihi ban kalinli daa yaɣi tusa ayi ( 2000 ) daa kɔŋla be nyɛvuya ka British nima gba kamani ninvuɣi tuhili (1000) gba daa kɔŋ be nyɛvuya . Dini n daa nye nyɛvuya ni yi pam shelini Anglo-Ashanti tobu maa ni ka di daa niŋ la chira ayobu. Nashaara goli January dahinyini dali yuuni 1902. British daa ti bahi fa Empire sheŋa Ashanti nima maa ni daa su kamani yuun kobiga nyaaŋa, ka be lɛbigirila Ashanti nima maa British nam guriba<ref name="Boahen2003">{{cite book|last=Boahen|first=A. Adu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S4ALSvMlbzUC|title=Queen Yaa Asantewaa and the Asante-British War of 1900-1|publisher=James Currey Publishers|year=2003|isbn=978-0-85255-443-2}}</ref> Frederick Mitchell Hodgson daa zami ni Ashanti zaŋ mi bɛ salima kuɣu la nti ti o saha shɛli Ashanti nima ni daa saha n ti ni bɛ ku tooi di nasara Britain nim zuɣu. Salima Kua maa nyɛla din gaƔim ka mali dariza Ashanti tingbaŋ nyɛvuli ni tuun kurumbuni ha daa be nimaani n-ti paai yuun’ kɔbiga ayɔpɔin saha shɛli saha miriya ka bɛ daa kul mali chaŋ tiŋgbɔŋ maa. Kukɔɣili maa nyɛla zaɣ’ jilima mini zaɣ’ pinaayi din yɛliŋ mi miri ka naanyi ʒini di ʒini di zuɣusaa polo. Bɛ ni daa zaŋ salima kuɣ’ gahindili maa ti bahi ka bɛ naanyi zaŋ salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ti sɔɣi. 1920, Africa tiŋgbɔŋ niŋgbuŋ daa nyɛla salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ka bɛ daa ti tum tuun’ shɛŋa, ka bɛ daa naanyi zaŋ salima zuɣu n-kɔb’ bɛ ni ti bɛ niŋ salima zuɣ’ shɛŋa niri salima la. Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa kpila Seychelles nashaara goli October yuuni 1921. Yuma ata o kpibu nyaaŋa , nashaara goli December  beɣu pia ni ayopɔin yuuni 1924, Naa prempeh ŋun nye tuuli mini ninvuɣi sheba ban daa be Ashanti exiled kootu maa ni daa nyela soli ni be labina Ashanti. Naa Prempeh ŋun nye tuuli daa chɛmi ka Yaa Asantuwa mini ban daa pahi maa niŋgbuna n labina Ashanti ni be ti simsi ba.[15]. Queen Yaa Asantuwa teha zaŋ chɛŋ Asanti maŋ sulinsi deebu nye be ni daa baŋ sheli nashaara goli March yuuni 1957, din daa niŋ ka Ashanti yaɣa nima deei maŋsulinsi n pahi Ghana zuɣu.  Ghana n daa nye tuuli gbaŋsabila tiŋgbani ban di nasara ŋɔ maa[16] == Biehigu ni tuma n zaŋ ti Ashanti paɣaba == Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa gbaaila British sulinsi zalisi ' ramifications' maa. Ghana nima zuŋɔ nye o mi ka o nyela paɣadede ŋun zaŋ o siyaasa mini ninsalisili biehigu n suŋsi n gu ka taɣi o tingbani. O niŋsim maa daa kpehila Ashanti dabiba korusi ni tuhi British nima maa, di daa yina ni di mali bukaata ni o ni nye so maa.[17] == O zaashee zaŋ chaŋ yelttɔɣikura kaya ni taada yuli zalibu == Yaa Asantewaa na nyela ninvuɣi so be ni yu Ashanti yeɣili mini Ghana yaɣa pam zaŋ kpa kurumbuna lahabaya polo, o tuma daa nyela o zabirila British sulinsi. O nyela ŋun daa <nowiki>''immortalized''</nowiki> yilli sheli ŋan do gbunni ŋɔ puuni. Koo koo hin koo Yaa Asantewaa ee! Obaa basia Ogyina apremo ano ee! Waye be egyae Na Wabo mmode Ti yi yen lihi anfaabi nima zaŋ kpa bipuɣinsi tooni tali polo ti Ghana ŋɔ,  Yaa Asantuwa Girl's bikura shikuru daa zalila Kumasi yuuni 1960, ka di nyela Ghana baŋsim bobu yaɣili.[23] Yuuni 2000, bakoi yini chuɣu daa puhila Ghana ni di yi Yaa Asantuwa  nasara dibo n wuhi salo. Chuɣu ŋɔ puuni, museum daa dedicate mi n ti o la Kwaso din be Ejisu-Juaben yaɣili la ni nashaara goli August dabaa ata dali yuuni 2000. Nasara kalinsi, buɣim daa dila be yelikura maa sheŋa  o namda mini o tobu nema daa pahiya nashaara goli July yuuni 2004.(batakarikese) a ni nya sheli anfooni ŋan bɛ zuɣu saa maa ni maa.[24][25] Queen mother so ŋun na ʒi Ejisu gbana ŋɔ zuɣu nyela Yaa Asantuwa ŋun pahi ayi. Yaa Asantuwa chuɣu ŋan pahi ayi daa niŋla nashaara goli August dabisili yini zaŋ chaŋ dabaa anu yuuni 2006 Ejisu tiŋgbani ni.[26] Pumpoŋɔ boligu din daa boli ni be mɛ Yaa Asantuwa binkura biehigu shee Yaa Asantuwa senta din be Maida Vale, west London, nyela gbaŋsabila- Caribbean mebu mini tiŋa dema dug.[27] be daa zali li la yuuni 1986[28] ka zaŋ o yuli n bolili. Lala duu ŋɔ zanimi n ti ti kaya dema duu ni tiŋa ni laɣinsi ka di nyela di borimi ni de kpuɣi ti gbansabila tiŋgbani polo zuɣu saa UK tingbani ni. Niniyula kpandɔɣu puuni lahabaya Ivor Agyeman-Duah, ni yihi sheli na ka boli di yuli Yaa Asantuwa _.  Exile zuɣulana Prempeh mini Paɣa dede Gbansabila tiŋgbani puuni daa yihimi n wuhi salo la Ghana tiŋgbani ni yuuni2001.[29] Kundu shɛli be ni bol 'i stage show' ka di nyela Margaret Busby n daa sabi li : Yaa Asantuwa : paɣa tobituhira,  Geraldine Connor n daa lihiri ka di chena n zaŋ luŋ ŋmɛri biinga pahi Kofi Guanabara[30][31] be mini pan_ African cast, gili la UK ni Ghana yuuni 2001 zaŋ hali ni 2002[32][33] Walansi dema lala sasabira maa yaha daa pirimi ni yaɣa diba anu( nashaara goli October bieɣu pia ni ata zaŋ chaŋ bieɣu pia ni apɔin yuuni 2003) [34] BBC radio paɣaba  anahi saha daa beni n ti pahi Glenna Foster- Jones ni Jack Klaff, Pam Fraser Solomon n daa yuuni di zuɣu, ka Gbemisola Ikumelo, ni Nana Tsiboe, Kofi Adu,Jojo Yates , Asabre Quaye ni AtongoZimba.[35][36][37] Yuuni 2018 album din daa yina British jazz troupe bidibsi zaŋ ti kemet, Yi paɣa dede maa nyela 'Reptile ' n zaŋ gbansabilli paɣa yu zalibo kurumbuna maa ni n  boli yila . Yaa Asantuwa yuli n daa bɛ yilli ŋan pahi ayopɔin ni " My Queen is Yaa Asantuwa ". Yaa Asantuwa daa nyela duniya zaa ni daa mi so yela ka di nyela o kpaŋmaŋa zaŋ cheŋ paɣaba " rights mini freedom. Germany tiŋgbani ni be daa zaŋla o yuli n ti pini sheli ka di nyela be nintiɣili ni gbansabila tiŋgbani paɣaba kpaŋmaŋa == Kundivihira == <references /> [[Pubu: Lahabaya zaa]] [[Pubu:Paɣaba]] [[Pubu:Paɣa]] [[Pubu:Ninsala ŋun lahi ka o nyevuli ni]] 65qd0qimc5hotheqns3f6iyrbkz2kl0 116203 116202 2025-06-24T21:54:23Z Phasy GH 5787 Unlinked a word 116203 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Bio}} [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu.jpg|thumb|Ya Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu]] [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa Museum (4).jpg|thumb|Yaa Asantewaa Museum]] '''Yaa Asantewaa I''' ({{Circa}} 1840 – 17 ''[[October]]'' 1921) daa nyɛla Ejisu din be Ashanti Empire la napaɣa saha ŋɔ din pa nyɛla [[Ghana]] yaɣi shɛli.o tizodoo Nana Akwasi Afrane Okese n-daa nyɛ ŋun daa piigi o "Edwesuhene" bee Edwesu kpema. Yuuni 1900 pulini, ŋuna n-daa nyɛ ŋun gari tooni n-tuhi Kanbonsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ ni lahi m-booni salima kuɣu tɔbu(War of the Golden Stool) la, bee Yaa Asantewaa maŋsulinsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British Empire ni daa tuhi la.<ref>[[Kwame Anthony Appiah|Appiah, Kwame Anthony]], and [[Henry Louis Gates, Jr.]] (eds), ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience'', 1999, p.{{nbsp}}276.</ref> == Taarihi == Bɛ daa dɔɣila la Yaa Asantewaa 1840 yuuni tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Besease Community Senior High School|Besease]] la. O laamba n-daa nyɛ Kwaku Ampoma mini Ata Po. O tizodoo, Afrane Panin, daa lebila naa n-zaŋ ti ''Edweso'' , tiŋ' din daa m-baɣi ba la. O daa kola binbira poli shɛli din m-baɣi tiŋ' din yuli booni Boankra la. O daa kuli la [[Kumasi|Kumahi]] doo, ka doo maa daa lee mali paɣa, ka bɛ daa dɔɣi bipuɣinbila.<ref name="dq">{{Cite web|last=Korsah, Chantal|date=22 July 2016|title=Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=20 February 2017|publisher=Dangerous Women}}</ref> Asantewaa daa kpila tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1921. O daa nyɛla pukpara ka lahi nyɛ ma suŋ. O daa nyɛla baŋsim lana, siyaasa nira, napaɣa ka lahi nyɛ tɔbu toondana. Yaa Asantewaa yuli daa yila polo ka di nyɛla o ni daa mali yaa n-gari kambɔŋ nanima maa zuɣu, Yaa Asantewaa tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British nima ni daa tuhiri ni bi gu salima nam kuɣ' maa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nana Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=2020-01-11|website=nanayaaasantewaa.de|archive-date=2022-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411021631/http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Prelude to rebellion== Yaa Asantewaa tizodoo ŋun daa nyɛ o beli, Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase daa nyɛla ŋun za zaashe karili ka daa piigi Asantewaa n-leegi paɣa naa. Di daa nyɛla zaashe karili din mali yuli pam<ref>{{Cite web |title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire |url=https://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html |access-date=2024-11-05 |language=en}}</ref> dama o tuma n-daa nyɛ li ni o gu ka taɣi salima nam kuɣu, n-tiri Ashanti Naa saɣisiɣu, ka piiri niriba ban tu ni bɛ tooi lee nanima naa maa nyaaŋa. O tizodoo ŋɔ nam saha, Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla ŋun yɛla pam din niŋ ka mali barina ti bɛ sɔɣibiɛɣuni,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gold Coast: The Yaa Asantewaa War |url=https://vocal.media/history/the-gold-coast-the-yaa-asantewaa-war |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=History |language=en}}</ref> nti pahi tɔbu din daa ŋmɛ yuuni 1883 hali ni yuuni 1888.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-24 |title=Igboho and allegory of Asantehene golden stool |url=https://www.thecable.ng/igboho-and-allegory-of-asantehene-golden-stool |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Din daa niŋ ka o beli ŋɔ kpi yuuni 1894, Yaa Asantewaa daa zaŋ ya' shɛli o ni mali m-piigi o yaaŋa ka o leegi<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|title=Yaa Asantewaa|date=2016-07-22|website=Dangerous Women Project|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> Ejisuhene. Di ni daa niŋ ka Britiishi kari o yaaŋa ŋɔ tahi [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1896, nti pahi Naa Prempeh I mini ninvuɣu shɛba Ashanti tiŋgbani ni, Yaa Asantewaa daa lee gbaŋlana ti Ejisu–Juaben yaɣili. Naa Prempeh{{nbsp}}I kari yihi nyaaŋa, Britiishi zuɣulana ti [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]], Frederick Hodgson, daa zami ni shee o deei bɛ salima nam kuɣu din nya simbuli Ashanti tiŋgbani.<ref name=dq/> Lala yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ maa daa che ka Ashanti niriba ban daa na beni laɣim ʒini ni bɛ tɔ jina zaŋ yi bɛ ni yɛn niŋ shɛm ka labisi bɛ naa na. Nangbakpeeni daa luna zaŋ yi bɛ ni niŋ shɛm. Yaa Asantewaa, ŋun daa be laɣingu ŋɔ ni, daa vaai yiɣisi zani ka di fiila ŋɔ: {{blockquote|Wula ka ninvuɣu kpɛma ni bidibsi ka mani Ashantinima yɛn ʒia yuuni ka siliminga kana ti gbuɣi bɛ nanima, ka dihi ba bi zaŋ yi bɛ ni bɔri bɛ salima nam kuɣu shɛm. Salima kuɣu nyɛla ariʒichi ti siliminsi ŋɔ bana; Bɛ gbi luɣili kam bɔri la di shee. Man' ku yo hali kobo janjani ti bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ. Di yi niŋ ka yi nanima ŋɔ yɛn be ka dabiɛma nima ka ku tuhi, din ŋuna paamiya yin chinchina na ŋɔ na ka dee n-pɛto.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12">{{Cite journal|last=Aidoo|first=Agnes Akosua|year=1977|title=Asante Queen Mothers in Government and Politics in the Nineteenth Century|journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria|volume=9|issue=1|page=12|jstor=41857049}}</ref>}} N-yɛn wuhi o nimohi zaŋ chaŋ tobu polo, Yaa Asantewaa daa darigi deei malifa luhi buɣim dobba ŋɔ tooni.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12" /> Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla Ashanti na shɛba ni ni piigi ni o lee toondana ʒi tob' bihi chaŋ tobu maa. Ŋɔ nyɛla tuuli ni di ko Ashanti taarihi ni ka bɛ ti paɣa lala soli. <ref>{{Cite journal|first=Arhin|last= Brempong|year=2000|title=The role of Nana Yaa Asantewaa in the 1900 Asante War of Resistance|url=http://people.ucalgary.ca/~taarn/LeGriot/article4.pdf|journal=Le Griot|volume= VIII|via=ucalgary.ca}}</ref> Yaa Asantewaa daa kpaŋsi ka nyɛm o niriba ŋɔ ni ni bɛ chaŋ ti tuhi Britiishinim' ŋɔ ni fiila ŋɔ: {{Blockquote|text=Ashanti bidib' kuma, ti nyɛla Britiishi zuɣulana ni bo vu karili ka di nyɛla o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu, din nya simbuli wuhiri Ashanti zaa nangban yini. Di bi yuui, siliminga ŋɔ daa kana ti ʒini ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni ka zaŋ kpɛŋ deei Ashanti ni di lee bɛ sulinsi. Di bi tu ni ti lahi tam ni naa Karikari saha, niriba ŋɔ daa lahi nyɛla ban ŋmɛ ti tobuhankali ni ku tooi deei, n-saɣim ti nayili ka nyo li buɣim bɛ ni daa va binshɛɣu kam yi dini naai. Bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ daa gbahi ti Naa mini o nabihi ka so bi yaagi o noli. Zuŋɔ, o lahi labina ni o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu. Yi nim bidibsi ni dobba, ti tu ni kuli ʒi ka niŋdi ka mani binkobiri maa? Di tuya ni ti yiɣisi zab' ti maŋ zuɣu; din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ti ʒia ka siliminsi ban niya ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni kuli bɛ zu ariʒichi kana ti ku ti ka saɣim ti nɛma, ka lahi bɔri ni bɛ zu ti salima nam kuɣu. Yiɣisim ya! Ka ti gu ka taɣi ti salima nam kuɣu ka che siliminsi ŋɔ. Din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ni ti kuli be dablim ni saha kam. M mali ʒili n-gari tooni zaŋ ya chaŋ ti tuhi siliminsi ŋɔ.}} Ashanti yiŋ linjima tali daa nyɛla din labi yiɣisi zaŋ yi o nimohi ni siliminsi ŋɔ tuhibu polo. {{citation needed|date=December 2023}} O nini daa bi tiɣidobba ŋɔ niŋsim zaŋ chaŋ siliminsi tuhi polo. Yaa Asantewaa daa ŋmɛ paɣatali ni dotali naangbakpeeni ka kpaŋsi bipuɣinsi ni yiɣisi tuhi. Ashanti mini British salima nam kuɣu tobu ka lahi booni ni li "Yaa Asantewaa tobu"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2018/apr/05/queen-mother-yaa-asantewaa-led-fight-against-briti/?page=1|title=Queen-mother Yaa Asantewaa led the fight against British colonialism|first=Herb|last=Boyd|author-link=Herb Boyd|work=[[New York Amsterdam News]]|date=5 April 2018}}</ref> – daa nyɛla naa Nana Yaa Asantewaa ni gari tooni ni tob' bihi tusaanu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html|title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire|website=blackhistoryheroes.com|language=en|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref> == Tobu maa saha mini di nyaaŋa == [[File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|thumb|Duu maa daa nyela Yaa Asantuwa sarika niriba ni daa nyeli shem]] Di daa pilila nashaara goli March  yuuni 1900, tobu maa ni daa paai gbaŋpiɛla maa na Kumasi,  luɣshɛli bɛ ni daa saɣi n-deei. Zabili maa na kuli benimi hali ni zuŋɔ kamani Kumasi zaba mini linjima nima binyera duu. Chira a shɛm nyaaŋa,  Gold coast zuɣulana daa timila tobu bihi 1400 tobu maa ni. Zabili maa ni, Yaa Asantuwa mini ninvuɣi pia ni anu shɛba ban daa saɣisiri o _Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase, Nana Kwaku Duah, Nana Yaw Akoto, Nana Abena Nkyinkyim, Nana Osei Tutu II, Nana Adjei Kwaku, Nana Afia Kobi Serwaa Ampem, Nana Kofi Kumi, Nana Kwabena Nkyinkyim, Nana Okwan Nkyinkyim, Nana Agyeman Badu, Nana Ntiamoah, Nana Ababio, Nana Afia Nkyinkyim n ti pahi Nana Osei Bonsu _ be daa gbahi ba mi ka zaŋba n cheŋ ti bahi Seychelles. Amaa o saɣisiriba maa yuya daa bi kpe puuni litiricha kundu ŋan beni maa ni<ref>Berry, L. V., ''Ghana: a Country Study''.</ref> Tobu tuhiriba maa daa zanimi n ti bahigu tobu Anglo- Asante tobu din daa niŋ 19th century la. Lala liribu ŋɔ , Ashanti tobu bihi ban kalinli daa yaɣi tusa ayi ( 2000 ) daa kɔŋla be nyɛvuya ka British nima gba kamani ninvuɣi tuhili (1000) gba daa kɔŋ be nyɛvuya . Dini n daa nye nyɛvuya ni yi pam shelini Anglo-Ashanti tobu maa ni ka di daa niŋ la chira ayobu. Nashaara goli January dahinyini dali yuuni 1902. British daa ti bahi fa Empire sheŋa Ashanti nima maa ni daa su kamani yuun kobiga nyaaŋa, ka be lɛbigirila Ashanti nima maa British nam guriba<ref name="Boahen2003">{{cite book|last=Boahen|first=A. Adu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S4ALSvMlbzUC|title=Queen Yaa Asantewaa and the Asante-British War of 1900-1|publisher=James Currey Publishers|year=2003|isbn=978-0-85255-443-2}}</ref> Frederick Mitchell Hodgson daa zami ni Ashanti zaŋ mi bɛ salima kuɣu la nti ti o saha shɛli Ashanti nima ni daa saha n ti ni bɛ ku tooi di nasara Britain nim zuɣu. Salima Kua maa nyɛla din gaƔim ka mali dariza Ashanti tingbaŋ nyɛvuli ni tuun kurumbuni ha daa be nimaani n-ti paai yuun’ kɔbiga ayɔpɔin saha shɛli saha miriya ka bɛ daa kul mali chaŋ tiŋgbɔŋ maa. Kukɔɣili maa nyɛla zaɣ’ jilima mini zaɣ’ pinaayi din yɛliŋ mi miri ka naanyi ʒini di ʒini di zuɣusaa polo. Bɛ ni daa zaŋ salima kuɣ’ gahindili maa ti bahi ka bɛ naanyi zaŋ salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ti sɔɣi. 1920, Africa tiŋgbɔŋ niŋgbuŋ daa nyɛla salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ka bɛ daa ti tum tuun’ shɛŋa, ka bɛ daa naanyi zaŋ salima zuɣu n-kɔb’ bɛ ni ti bɛ niŋ salima zuɣ’ shɛŋa niri salima la. Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa kpila Seychelles nashaara goli October yuuni 1921. Yuma ata o kpibu nyaaŋa , nashaara goli December  beɣu pia ni ayopɔin yuuni 1924, Naa prempeh ŋun nye tuuli mini ninvuɣi sheba ban daa be Ashanti exiled kootu maa ni daa nyela soli ni be labina Ashanti. Naa Prempeh ŋun nye tuuli daa chɛmi ka Yaa Asantuwa mini ban daa pahi maa niŋgbuna n labina Ashanti ni be ti simsi ba.[15]. Queen Yaa Asantuwa teha zaŋ chɛŋ Asanti maŋ sulinsi deebu nye be ni daa baŋ sheli nashaara goli March yuuni 1957, din daa niŋ ka Ashanti yaɣa nima deei maŋsulinsi n pahi Ghana zuɣu.  Ghana n daa nye tuuli gbaŋsabila tiŋgbani ban di nasara ŋɔ maa[16] == Biehigu ni tuma n zaŋ ti Ashanti paɣaba == Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa gbaaila British sulinsi zalisi ' ramifications' maa. Ghana nima zuŋɔ nye o mi ka o nyela paɣadede ŋun zaŋ o siyaasa mini ninsalisili biehigu n suŋsi n gu ka taɣi o tingbani. O niŋsim maa daa kpehila Ashanti dabiba korusi ni tuhi British nima maa, di daa yina ni di mali bukaata ni o ni nye so maa.[17] == O zaashee zaŋ chaŋ yelttɔɣikura kaya ni taada yuli zalibu == Yaa Asantewaa na nyela ninvuɣi so be ni yu Ashanti yeɣili mini Ghana yaɣa pam zaŋ kpa kurumbuna lahabaya polo, o tuma daa nyela o zabirila British sulinsi. O nyela ŋun daa <nowiki>''immortalized''</nowiki> yilli sheli ŋan do gbunni ŋɔ puuni. Koo koo hin koo Yaa Asantewaa ee! Obaa basia Ogyina apremo ano ee! Waye be egyae Na Wabo mmode Ti yi yen lihi anfaabi nima zaŋ kpa bipuɣinsi tooni tali polo ti Ghana ŋɔ,  Yaa Asantuwa Girl's bikura shikuru daa zalila Kumasi yuuni 1960, ka di nyela Ghana baŋsim bobu yaɣili.[23] Yuuni 2000, bakoi yini chuɣu daa puhila Ghana ni di yi Yaa Asantuwa  nasara dibo n wuhi salo. Chuɣu ŋɔ puuni, museum daa dedicate mi n ti o la Kwaso din be Ejisu-Juaben yaɣili la ni nashaara goli August dabaa ata dali yuuni 2000. Nasara kalinsi, buɣim daa dila be yelikura maa sheŋa  o namda mini o tobu nema daa pahiya nashaara goli July yuuni 2004.(batakarikese) a ni nya sheli anfooni ŋan bɛ zuɣu saa maa ni maa.[24][25] Queen mother so ŋun na ʒi Ejisu gbana ŋɔ zuɣu nyela Yaa Asantuwa ŋun pahi ayi. Yaa Asantuwa chuɣu ŋan pahi ayi daa niŋla nashaara goli August dabisili yini zaŋ chaŋ dabaa anu yuuni 2006 Ejisu tiŋgbani ni.[26] Pumpoŋɔ boligu din daa boli ni be mɛ Yaa Asantuwa binkura biehigu shee Yaa Asantuwa senta din be Maida Vale, west London, nyela gbaŋsabila- Caribbean mebu mini tiŋa dema dug.[27] be daa zali li la yuuni 1986[28] ka zaŋ o yuli n bolili. Lala duu ŋɔ zanimi n ti ti kaya dema duu ni tiŋa ni laɣinsi ka di nyela di borimi ni de kpuɣi ti gbansabila tiŋgbani polo zuɣu saa UK tingbani ni. Niniyula kpandɔɣu puuni lahabaya Ivor Agyeman-Duah, ni yihi sheli na ka boli di yuli Yaa Asantuwa _.  Exile zuɣulana Prempeh mini Paɣa dede Gbansabila tiŋgbani puuni daa yihimi n wuhi salo la Ghana tiŋgbani ni yuuni2001.[29] Kundu shɛli be ni bol 'i stage show' ka di nyela Margaret Busby n daa sabi li : Yaa Asantuwa : paɣa tobituhira,  Geraldine Connor n daa lihiri ka di chena n zaŋ luŋ ŋmɛri biinga pahi Kofi Guanabara[30][31] be mini pan_ African cast, gili la UK ni Ghana yuuni 2001 zaŋ hali ni 2002[32][33] Walansi dema lala sasabira maa yaha daa pirimi ni yaɣa diba anu( nashaara goli October bieɣu pia ni ata zaŋ chaŋ bieɣu pia ni apɔin yuuni 2003) [34] BBC radio paɣaba  anahi saha daa beni n ti pahi Glenna Foster- Jones ni Jack Klaff, Pam Fraser Solomon n daa yuuni di zuɣu, ka Gbemisola Ikumelo, ni Nana Tsiboe, Kofi Adu,Jojo Yates , Asabre Quaye ni AtongoZimba.[35][36][37] Yuuni 2018 album din daa yina British jazz troupe bidibsi zaŋ ti kemet, Yi paɣa dede maa nyela 'Reptile ' n zaŋ gbansabilli paɣa yu zalibo kurumbuna maa ni n  boli yila . Yaa Asantuwa yuli n daa bɛ yilli ŋan pahi ayopɔin ni " My Queen is Yaa Asantuwa ". Yaa Asantuwa daa nyela duniya zaa ni daa mi so yela ka di nyela o kpaŋmaŋa zaŋ cheŋ paɣaba " rights mini freedom. Germany tiŋgbani ni be daa zaŋla o yuli n ti pini sheli ka di nyela be nintiɣili ni gbansabila tiŋgbani paɣaba kpaŋmaŋa == Kundivihira == <references /> [[Pubu: Lahabaya zaa]] [[Pubu:Paɣaba]] [[Pubu:Paɣa]] [[Pubu:Ninsala ŋun lahi ka o nyevuli ni]] h83yefii9tesii4zxv38qagdwihc2ep 116204 116203 2025-06-24T22:10:25Z Phasy GH 5787 I have linked a word 116204 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Bio}} [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu.jpg|thumb|Ya Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu]] [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa Museum (4).jpg|thumb|Yaa Asantewaa Museum]] '''Yaa Asantewaa I''' ({{Circa}} 1840 – 17 ''[[October]]'' 1921) daa nyɛla Ejisu din be Ashanti Empire la napaɣa saha ŋɔ din pa nyɛla [[Ghana]] yaɣi shɛli.o tizodoo Nana Akwasi Afrane Okese n-daa nyɛ ŋun daa piigi o "Edwesuhene" bee Edwesu kpema. Yuuni 1900 pulini, ŋuna n-daa nyɛ ŋun gari tooni n-tuhi Kanbonsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ ni lahi m-booni salima kuɣu tɔbu(War of the Golden Stool) la, bee Yaa Asantewaa maŋsulinsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British Empire ni daa tuhi la.<ref>[[Kwame Anthony Appiah|Appiah, Kwame Anthony]], and [[Henry Louis Gates, Jr.]] (eds), ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience'', 1999, p.{{nbsp}}276.</ref> == Taarihi == Bɛ daa dɔɣila la Yaa Asantewaa 1840 yuuni tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Besease Community Senior High School|Besease]] la. O laamba n-daa nyɛ Kwaku Ampoma mini Ata Po. O tizodoo, Afrane Panin, daa lebila naa n-zaŋ ti ''Edweso'' , tiŋ' din daa m-baɣi ba la. O daa kola binbira poli shɛli din m-baɣi tiŋ' din yuli booni Boankra la. O daa kuli la [[Kumasi|Kumahi]] doo, ka doo maa daa lee mali paɣa, ka bɛ daa dɔɣi bipuɣinbila.<ref name="dq">{{Cite web|last=Korsah, Chantal|date=22 July 2016|title=Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=20 February 2017|publisher=Dangerous Women}}</ref> Asantewaa daa kpila tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1921. O daa nyɛla pukpara ka lahi nyɛ ma suŋ. O daa nyɛla baŋsim lana, siyaasa nira, napaɣa ka lahi nyɛ tɔbu toondana. Yaa Asantewaa yuli daa yila polo ka di nyɛla o ni daa mali yaa n-gari kambɔŋ nanima maa zuɣu, Yaa Asantewaa tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British nima ni daa tuhiri ni bi gu salima nam kuɣ' maa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nana Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=2020-01-11|website=nanayaaasantewaa.de|archive-date=2022-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411021631/http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Prelude to rebellion== Yaa Asantewaa tizodoo ŋun daa nyɛ o beli, Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase daa nyɛla ŋun za zaashe karili ka daa piigi Asantewaa n-leegi paɣa naa. Di daa nyɛla zaashe karili din mali yuli pam<ref>{{Cite web |title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire |url=https://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html |access-date=2024-11-05 |language=en}}</ref> dama o tuma n-daa nyɛ li ni o gu ka taɣi salima nam kuɣu, n-tiri ''[[Ashanti Region|Ashanti]]'' Naa saɣisiɣu, ka piiri niriba ban tu ni bɛ tooi lee nanima naa maa nyaaŋa. O tizodoo ŋɔ nam saha, Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla ŋun yɛla pam din niŋ ka mali barina ti bɛ sɔɣibiɛɣuni,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gold Coast: The Yaa Asantewaa War |url=https://vocal.media/history/the-gold-coast-the-yaa-asantewaa-war |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=History |language=en}}</ref> nti pahi tɔbu din daa ŋmɛ yuuni 1883 hali ni yuuni 1888.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-24 |title=Igboho and allegory of Asantehene golden stool |url=https://www.thecable.ng/igboho-and-allegory-of-asantehene-golden-stool |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Din daa niŋ ka o beli ŋɔ kpi yuuni 1894, Yaa Asantewaa daa zaŋ ya' shɛli o ni mali m-piigi o yaaŋa ka o leegi<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|title=Yaa Asantewaa|date=2016-07-22|website=Dangerous Women Project|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> Ejisuhene. Di ni daa niŋ ka Britiishi kari o yaaŋa ŋɔ tahi [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1896, nti pahi Naa Prempeh I mini ninvuɣu shɛba Ashanti tiŋgbani ni, Yaa Asantewaa daa lee gbaŋlana ti Ejisu–Juaben yaɣili. Naa Prempeh{{nbsp}}I kari yihi nyaaŋa, Britiishi zuɣulana ti [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]], Frederick Hodgson, daa zami ni shee o deei bɛ salima nam kuɣu din nya simbuli Ashanti tiŋgbani.<ref name=dq/> Lala yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ maa daa che ka Ashanti niriba ban daa na beni laɣim ʒini ni bɛ tɔ jina zaŋ yi bɛ ni yɛn niŋ shɛm ka labisi bɛ naa na. Nangbakpeeni daa luna zaŋ yi bɛ ni niŋ shɛm. Yaa Asantewaa, ŋun daa be laɣingu ŋɔ ni, daa vaai yiɣisi zani ka di fiila ŋɔ: {{blockquote|Wula ka ninvuɣu kpɛma ni bidibsi ka mani Ashantinima yɛn ʒia yuuni ka siliminga kana ti gbuɣi bɛ nanima, ka dihi ba bi zaŋ yi bɛ ni bɔri bɛ salima nam kuɣu shɛm. Salima kuɣu nyɛla ariʒichi ti siliminsi ŋɔ bana; Bɛ gbi luɣili kam bɔri la di shee. Man' ku yo hali kobo janjani ti bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ. Di yi niŋ ka yi nanima ŋɔ yɛn be ka dabiɛma nima ka ku tuhi, din ŋuna paamiya yin chinchina na ŋɔ na ka dee n-pɛto.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12">{{Cite journal|last=Aidoo|first=Agnes Akosua|year=1977|title=Asante Queen Mothers in Government and Politics in the Nineteenth Century|journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria|volume=9|issue=1|page=12|jstor=41857049}}</ref>}} N-yɛn wuhi o nimohi zaŋ chaŋ tobu polo, Yaa Asantewaa daa darigi deei malifa luhi buɣim dobba ŋɔ tooni.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12" /> Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla Ashanti na shɛba ni ni piigi ni o lee toondana ʒi tob' bihi chaŋ tobu maa. Ŋɔ nyɛla tuuli ni di ko Ashanti taarihi ni ka bɛ ti paɣa lala soli. <ref>{{Cite journal|first=Arhin|last= Brempong|year=2000|title=The role of Nana Yaa Asantewaa in the 1900 Asante War of Resistance|url=http://people.ucalgary.ca/~taarn/LeGriot/article4.pdf|journal=Le Griot|volume= VIII|via=ucalgary.ca}}</ref> Yaa Asantewaa daa kpaŋsi ka nyɛm o niriba ŋɔ ni ni bɛ chaŋ ti tuhi Britiishinim' ŋɔ ni fiila ŋɔ: {{Blockquote|text=Ashanti bidib' kuma, ti nyɛla Britiishi zuɣulana ni bo vu karili ka di nyɛla o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu, din nya simbuli wuhiri Ashanti zaa nangban yini. Di bi yuui, siliminga ŋɔ daa kana ti ʒini ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni ka zaŋ kpɛŋ deei Ashanti ni di lee bɛ sulinsi. Di bi tu ni ti lahi tam ni naa Karikari saha, niriba ŋɔ daa lahi nyɛla ban ŋmɛ ti tobuhankali ni ku tooi deei, n-saɣim ti nayili ka nyo li buɣim bɛ ni daa va binshɛɣu kam yi dini naai. Bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ daa gbahi ti Naa mini o nabihi ka so bi yaagi o noli. Zuŋɔ, o lahi labina ni o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu. Yi nim bidibsi ni dobba, ti tu ni kuli ʒi ka niŋdi ka mani binkobiri maa? Di tuya ni ti yiɣisi zab' ti maŋ zuɣu; din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ti ʒia ka siliminsi ban niya ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni kuli bɛ zu ariʒichi kana ti ku ti ka saɣim ti nɛma, ka lahi bɔri ni bɛ zu ti salima nam kuɣu. Yiɣisim ya! Ka ti gu ka taɣi ti salima nam kuɣu ka che siliminsi ŋɔ. Din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ni ti kuli be dablim ni saha kam. M mali ʒili n-gari tooni zaŋ ya chaŋ ti tuhi siliminsi ŋɔ.}} Ashanti yiŋ linjima tali daa nyɛla din labi yiɣisi zaŋ yi o nimohi ni siliminsi ŋɔ tuhibu polo. {{citation needed|date=December 2023}} O nini daa bi tiɣidobba ŋɔ niŋsim zaŋ chaŋ siliminsi tuhi polo. Yaa Asantewaa daa ŋmɛ paɣatali ni dotali naangbakpeeni ka kpaŋsi bipuɣinsi ni yiɣisi tuhi. Ashanti mini British salima nam kuɣu tobu ka lahi booni ni li "Yaa Asantewaa tobu"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2018/apr/05/queen-mother-yaa-asantewaa-led-fight-against-briti/?page=1|title=Queen-mother Yaa Asantewaa led the fight against British colonialism|first=Herb|last=Boyd|author-link=Herb Boyd|work=[[New York Amsterdam News]]|date=5 April 2018}}</ref> – daa nyɛla naa Nana Yaa Asantewaa ni gari tooni ni tob' bihi tusaanu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html|title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire|website=blackhistoryheroes.com|language=en|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref> == Tobu maa saha mini di nyaaŋa == [[File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|thumb|Duu maa daa nyela Yaa Asantuwa sarika niriba ni daa nyeli shem]] Di daa pilila nashaara goli March  yuuni 1900, tobu maa ni daa paai gbaŋpiɛla maa na Kumasi,  luɣshɛli bɛ ni daa saɣi n-deei. Zabili maa na kuli benimi hali ni zuŋɔ kamani Kumasi zaba mini linjima nima binyera duu. Chira a shɛm nyaaŋa,  Gold coast zuɣulana daa timila tobu bihi 1400 tobu maa ni. Zabili maa ni, Yaa Asantuwa mini ninvuɣi pia ni anu shɛba ban daa saɣisiri o _Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase, Nana Kwaku Duah, Nana Yaw Akoto, Nana Abena Nkyinkyim, Nana Osei Tutu II, Nana Adjei Kwaku, Nana Afia Kobi Serwaa Ampem, Nana Kofi Kumi, Nana Kwabena Nkyinkyim, Nana Okwan Nkyinkyim, Nana Agyeman Badu, Nana Ntiamoah, Nana Ababio, Nana Afia Nkyinkyim n ti pahi Nana Osei Bonsu _ be daa gbahi ba mi ka zaŋba n cheŋ ti bahi Seychelles. Amaa o saɣisiriba maa yuya daa bi kpe puuni litiricha kundu ŋan beni maa ni<ref>Berry, L. V., ''Ghana: a Country Study''.</ref> Tobu tuhiriba maa daa zanimi n ti bahigu tobu Anglo- Asante tobu din daa niŋ 19th century la. Lala liribu ŋɔ , Ashanti tobu bihi ban kalinli daa yaɣi tusa ayi ( 2000 ) daa kɔŋla be nyɛvuya ka British nima gba kamani ninvuɣi tuhili (1000) gba daa kɔŋ be nyɛvuya . Dini n daa nye nyɛvuya ni yi pam shelini Anglo-Ashanti tobu maa ni ka di daa niŋ la chira ayobu. Nashaara goli January dahinyini dali yuuni 1902. British daa ti bahi fa Empire sheŋa Ashanti nima maa ni daa su kamani yuun kobiga nyaaŋa, ka be lɛbigirila Ashanti nima maa British nam guriba<ref name="Boahen2003">{{cite book|last=Boahen|first=A. Adu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S4ALSvMlbzUC|title=Queen Yaa Asantewaa and the Asante-British War of 1900-1|publisher=James Currey Publishers|year=2003|isbn=978-0-85255-443-2}}</ref> Frederick Mitchell Hodgson daa zami ni Ashanti zaŋ mi bɛ salima kuɣu la nti ti o saha shɛli Ashanti nima ni daa saha n ti ni bɛ ku tooi di nasara Britain nim zuɣu. Salima Kua maa nyɛla din gaƔim ka mali dariza Ashanti tingbaŋ nyɛvuli ni tuun kurumbuni ha daa be nimaani n-ti paai yuun’ kɔbiga ayɔpɔin saha shɛli saha miriya ka bɛ daa kul mali chaŋ tiŋgbɔŋ maa. Kukɔɣili maa nyɛla zaɣ’ jilima mini zaɣ’ pinaayi din yɛliŋ mi miri ka naanyi ʒini di ʒini di zuɣusaa polo. Bɛ ni daa zaŋ salima kuɣ’ gahindili maa ti bahi ka bɛ naanyi zaŋ salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ti sɔɣi. 1920, Africa tiŋgbɔŋ niŋgbuŋ daa nyɛla salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ka bɛ daa ti tum tuun’ shɛŋa, ka bɛ daa naanyi zaŋ salima zuɣu n-kɔb’ bɛ ni ti bɛ niŋ salima zuɣ’ shɛŋa niri salima la. Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa kpila Seychelles nashaara goli October yuuni 1921. Yuma ata o kpibu nyaaŋa , nashaara goli December  beɣu pia ni ayopɔin yuuni 1924, Naa prempeh ŋun nye tuuli mini ninvuɣi sheba ban daa be Ashanti exiled kootu maa ni daa nyela soli ni be labina Ashanti. Naa Prempeh ŋun nye tuuli daa chɛmi ka Yaa Asantuwa mini ban daa pahi maa niŋgbuna n labina Ashanti ni be ti simsi ba.[15]. Queen Yaa Asantuwa teha zaŋ chɛŋ Asanti maŋ sulinsi deebu nye be ni daa baŋ sheli nashaara goli March yuuni 1957, din daa niŋ ka Ashanti yaɣa nima deei maŋsulinsi n pahi Ghana zuɣu.  Ghana n daa nye tuuli gbaŋsabila tiŋgbani ban di nasara ŋɔ maa[16] == Biehigu ni tuma n zaŋ ti Ashanti paɣaba == Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa gbaaila British sulinsi zalisi ' ramifications' maa. Ghana nima zuŋɔ nye o mi ka o nyela paɣadede ŋun zaŋ o siyaasa mini ninsalisili biehigu n suŋsi n gu ka taɣi o tingbani. O niŋsim maa daa kpehila Ashanti dabiba korusi ni tuhi British nima maa, di daa yina ni di mali bukaata ni o ni nye so maa.[17] == O zaashee zaŋ chaŋ yelttɔɣikura kaya ni taada yuli zalibu == Yaa Asantewaa na nyela ninvuɣi so be ni yu Ashanti yeɣili mini Ghana yaɣa pam zaŋ kpa kurumbuna lahabaya polo, o tuma daa nyela o zabirila British sulinsi. O nyela ŋun daa <nowiki>''immortalized''</nowiki> yilli sheli ŋan do gbunni ŋɔ puuni. Koo koo hin koo Yaa Asantewaa ee! Obaa basia Ogyina apremo ano ee! Waye be egyae Na Wabo mmode Ti yi yen lihi anfaabi nima zaŋ kpa bipuɣinsi tooni tali polo ti Ghana ŋɔ,  Yaa Asantuwa Girl's bikura shikuru daa zalila Kumasi yuuni 1960, ka di nyela Ghana baŋsim bobu yaɣili.[23] Yuuni 2000, bakoi yini chuɣu daa puhila Ghana ni di yi Yaa Asantuwa  nasara dibo n wuhi salo. Chuɣu ŋɔ puuni, museum daa dedicate mi n ti o la Kwaso din be Ejisu-Juaben yaɣili la ni nashaara goli August dabaa ata dali yuuni 2000. Nasara kalinsi, buɣim daa dila be yelikura maa sheŋa  o namda mini o tobu nema daa pahiya nashaara goli July yuuni 2004.(batakarikese) a ni nya sheli anfooni ŋan bɛ zuɣu saa maa ni maa.[24][25] Queen mother so ŋun na ʒi Ejisu gbana ŋɔ zuɣu nyela Yaa Asantuwa ŋun pahi ayi. Yaa Asantuwa chuɣu ŋan pahi ayi daa niŋla nashaara goli August dabisili yini zaŋ chaŋ dabaa anu yuuni 2006 Ejisu tiŋgbani ni.[26] Pumpoŋɔ boligu din daa boli ni be mɛ Yaa Asantuwa binkura biehigu shee Yaa Asantuwa senta din be Maida Vale, west London, nyela gbaŋsabila- Caribbean mebu mini tiŋa dema dug.[27] be daa zali li la yuuni 1986[28] ka zaŋ o yuli n bolili. Lala duu ŋɔ zanimi n ti ti kaya dema duu ni tiŋa ni laɣinsi ka di nyela di borimi ni de kpuɣi ti gbansabila tiŋgbani polo zuɣu saa UK tingbani ni. Niniyula kpandɔɣu puuni lahabaya Ivor Agyeman-Duah, ni yihi sheli na ka boli di yuli Yaa Asantuwa _.  Exile zuɣulana Prempeh mini Paɣa dede Gbansabila tiŋgbani puuni daa yihimi n wuhi salo la Ghana tiŋgbani ni yuuni2001.[29] Kundu shɛli be ni bol 'i stage show' ka di nyela Margaret Busby n daa sabi li : Yaa Asantuwa : paɣa tobituhira,  Geraldine Connor n daa lihiri ka di chena n zaŋ luŋ ŋmɛri biinga pahi Kofi Guanabara[30][31] be mini pan_ African cast, gili la UK ni Ghana yuuni 2001 zaŋ hali ni 2002[32][33] Walansi dema lala sasabira maa yaha daa pirimi ni yaɣa diba anu( nashaara goli October bieɣu pia ni ata zaŋ chaŋ bieɣu pia ni apɔin yuuni 2003) [34] BBC radio paɣaba  anahi saha daa beni n ti pahi Glenna Foster- Jones ni Jack Klaff, Pam Fraser Solomon n daa yuuni di zuɣu, ka Gbemisola Ikumelo, ni Nana Tsiboe, Kofi Adu,Jojo Yates , Asabre Quaye ni AtongoZimba.[35][36][37] Yuuni 2018 album din daa yina British jazz troupe bidibsi zaŋ ti kemet, Yi paɣa dede maa nyela 'Reptile ' n zaŋ gbansabilli paɣa yu zalibo kurumbuna maa ni n  boli yila . Yaa Asantuwa yuli n daa bɛ yilli ŋan pahi ayopɔin ni " My Queen is Yaa Asantuwa ". Yaa Asantuwa daa nyela duniya zaa ni daa mi so yela ka di nyela o kpaŋmaŋa zaŋ cheŋ paɣaba " rights mini freedom. Germany tiŋgbani ni be daa zaŋla o yuli n ti pini sheli ka di nyela be nintiɣili ni gbansabila tiŋgbani paɣaba kpaŋmaŋa == Kundivihira == <references /> [[Pubu: Lahabaya zaa]] [[Pubu:Paɣaba]] [[Pubu:Paɣa]] [[Pubu:Ninsala ŋun lahi ka o nyevuli ni]] sd3n4yq8fct87hqsh63yfwwg8r4yt1s 116208 116204 2025-06-25T06:03:16Z Phasy GH 5787 I have added a word 116208 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Bio}} [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu.jpg|thumb|Ya Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu]] [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa Museum (4).jpg|thumb|Yaa Asantewaa Museum]] '''Yaa Asantewaa I''' ({{Circa}} 1840 – 17 ''[[October]]'' 1921) daa nyɛla Ejisu din be Ashanti Empire la napaɣa saha ŋɔ din pa nyɛla [[Ghana]] yaɣi shɛli.o tizodoo Nana Akwasi Afrane Okese n-daa nyɛ ŋun daa piigi o "Edwesuhene" bee Edwesu kpema. Yuuni 1900 pulini, ŋuna n-daa nyɛ ŋun gari tooni n-tuhi Kanbonsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ ni lahi m-booni salima kuɣu tɔbu(War of the Golden Stool) la, bee Yaa Asantewaa maŋsulinsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British Empire ni daa tuhi la.<ref>[[Kwame Anthony Appiah|Appiah, Kwame Anthony]], and [[Henry Louis Gates, Jr.]] (eds), ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience'', 1999, p.{{nbsp}}276.</ref> == Taarihi == Bɛ daa dɔɣila la Yaa Asantewaa 1840 yuuni tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Besease Community Senior High School|Besease]] la. O laamba n-daa nyɛ Kwaku Ampoma mini Ata Po. O tizodoo, Afrane Panin, daa lebila naa n-zaŋ ti ''Edweso'' , tiŋ' din daa m-baɣi ba la. O daa kola binbira poli shɛli din m-baɣi tiŋ' din yuli booni Boankra la. O daa kuli la [[Kumasi|Kumahi]] doo, ka doo maa daa lee mali paɣa, ka bɛ daa dɔɣi bipuɣinbila.<ref name="dq">{{Cite web|last=Korsah, Chantal|date=22 July 2016|title=Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=20 February 2017|publisher=Dangerous Women}}</ref> Asantewaa daa kpila tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1921. O daa nyɛla pukpara dahimlana ka lahi nyɛ ma suŋ. O daa nyɛla baŋsim lana, siyaasa nira, napaɣa ka lahi nyɛ tɔbu toondana. Yaa Asantewaa yuli daa yila polo ka di nyɛla o ni daa mali yaa n-gari kambɔŋ nanima maa zuɣu, Yaa Asantewaa tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British nima ni daa tuhiri ni bi gu salima nam kuɣ' maa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nana Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=2020-01-11|website=nanayaaasantewaa.de|archive-date=2022-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411021631/http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Prelude to rebellion== Yaa Asantewaa tizodoo ŋun daa nyɛ o beli, Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase daa nyɛla ŋun za zaashe karili ka daa piigi Asantewaa n-leegi paɣa naa. Di daa nyɛla zaashe karili din mali yuli pam<ref>{{Cite web |title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire |url=https://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html |access-date=2024-11-05 |language=en}}</ref> dama o tuma n-daa nyɛ li ni o gu ka taɣi salima nam kuɣu, n-tiri ''[[Ashanti Region|Ashanti]]'' Naa saɣisiɣu, ka piiri niriba ban tu ni bɛ tooi lee nanima naa maa nyaaŋa. O tizodoo ŋɔ nam saha, Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla ŋun yɛla pam din niŋ ka mali barina ti bɛ sɔɣibiɛɣuni,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gold Coast: The Yaa Asantewaa War |url=https://vocal.media/history/the-gold-coast-the-yaa-asantewaa-war |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=History |language=en}}</ref> nti pahi tɔbu din daa ŋmɛ yuuni 1883 hali ni yuuni 1888.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-24 |title=Igboho and allegory of Asantehene golden stool |url=https://www.thecable.ng/igboho-and-allegory-of-asantehene-golden-stool |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Din daa niŋ ka o beli ŋɔ kpi yuuni 1894, Yaa Asantewaa daa zaŋ ya' shɛli o ni mali m-piigi o yaaŋa ka o leegi<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|title=Yaa Asantewaa|date=2016-07-22|website=Dangerous Women Project|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> Ejisuhene. Di ni daa niŋ ka Britiishi kari o yaaŋa ŋɔ tahi [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1896, nti pahi Naa Prempeh I mini ninvuɣu shɛba Ashanti tiŋgbani ni, Yaa Asantewaa daa lee gbaŋlana ti Ejisu–Juaben yaɣili. Naa Prempeh{{nbsp}}I kari yihi nyaaŋa, Britiishi zuɣulana ti [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]], Frederick Hodgson, daa zami ni shee o deei bɛ salima nam kuɣu din nya simbuli Ashanti tiŋgbani.<ref name=dq/> Lala yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ maa daa che ka Ashanti niriba ban daa na beni laɣim ʒini ni bɛ tɔ jina zaŋ yi bɛ ni yɛn niŋ shɛm ka labisi bɛ naa na. Nangbakpeeni daa luna zaŋ yi bɛ ni niŋ shɛm. Yaa Asantewaa, ŋun daa be laɣingu ŋɔ ni, daa vaai yiɣisi zani ka di fiila ŋɔ: {{blockquote|Wula ka ninvuɣu kpɛma ni bidibsi ka mani Ashantinima yɛn ʒia yuuni ka siliminga kana ti gbuɣi bɛ nanima, ka dihi ba bi zaŋ yi bɛ ni bɔri bɛ salima nam kuɣu shɛm. Salima kuɣu nyɛla ariʒichi ti siliminsi ŋɔ bana; Bɛ gbi luɣili kam bɔri la di shee. Man' ku yo hali kobo janjani ti bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ. Di yi niŋ ka yi nanima ŋɔ yɛn be ka dabiɛma nima ka ku tuhi, din ŋuna paamiya yin chinchina na ŋɔ na ka dee n-pɛto.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12">{{Cite journal|last=Aidoo|first=Agnes Akosua|year=1977|title=Asante Queen Mothers in Government and Politics in the Nineteenth Century|journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria|volume=9|issue=1|page=12|jstor=41857049}}</ref>}} N-yɛn wuhi o nimohi zaŋ chaŋ tobu polo, Yaa Asantewaa daa darigi deei malifa luhi buɣim dobba ŋɔ tooni.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12" /> Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla Ashanti na shɛba ni ni piigi ni o lee toondana ʒi tob' bihi chaŋ tobu maa. Ŋɔ nyɛla tuuli ni di ko Ashanti taarihi ni ka bɛ ti paɣa lala soli. <ref>{{Cite journal|first=Arhin|last= Brempong|year=2000|title=The role of Nana Yaa Asantewaa in the 1900 Asante War of Resistance|url=http://people.ucalgary.ca/~taarn/LeGriot/article4.pdf|journal=Le Griot|volume= VIII|via=ucalgary.ca}}</ref> Yaa Asantewaa daa kpaŋsi ka nyɛm o niriba ŋɔ ni ni bɛ chaŋ ti tuhi Britiishinim' ŋɔ ni fiila ŋɔ: {{Blockquote|text=Ashanti bidib' kuma, ti nyɛla Britiishi zuɣulana ni bo vu karili ka di nyɛla o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu, din nya simbuli wuhiri Ashanti zaa nangban yini. Di bi yuui, siliminga ŋɔ daa kana ti ʒini ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni ka zaŋ kpɛŋ deei Ashanti ni di lee bɛ sulinsi. Di bi tu ni ti lahi tam ni naa Karikari saha, niriba ŋɔ daa lahi nyɛla ban ŋmɛ ti tobuhankali ni ku tooi deei, n-saɣim ti nayili ka nyo li buɣim bɛ ni daa va binshɛɣu kam yi dini naai. Bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ daa gbahi ti Naa mini o nabihi ka so bi yaagi o noli. Zuŋɔ, o lahi labina ni o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu. Yi nim bidibsi ni dobba, ti tu ni kuli ʒi ka niŋdi ka mani binkobiri maa? Di tuya ni ti yiɣisi zab' ti maŋ zuɣu; din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ti ʒia ka siliminsi ban niya ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni kuli bɛ zu ariʒichi kana ti ku ti ka saɣim ti nɛma, ka lahi bɔri ni bɛ zu ti salima nam kuɣu. Yiɣisim ya! Ka ti gu ka taɣi ti salima nam kuɣu ka che siliminsi ŋɔ. Din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ni ti kuli be dablim ni saha kam. M mali ʒili n-gari tooni zaŋ ya chaŋ ti tuhi siliminsi ŋɔ.}} Ashanti yiŋ linjima tali daa nyɛla din labi yiɣisi zaŋ yi o nimohi ni siliminsi ŋɔ tuhibu polo. {{citation needed|date=December 2023}} O nini daa bi tiɣidobba ŋɔ niŋsim zaŋ chaŋ siliminsi tuhi polo. Yaa Asantewaa daa ŋmɛ paɣatali ni dotali naangbakpeeni ka kpaŋsi bipuɣinsi ni yiɣisi tuhi. Ashanti mini British salima nam kuɣu tobu ka lahi booni ni li "Yaa Asantewaa tobu"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2018/apr/05/queen-mother-yaa-asantewaa-led-fight-against-briti/?page=1|title=Queen-mother Yaa Asantewaa led the fight against British colonialism|first=Herb|last=Boyd|author-link=Herb Boyd|work=[[New York Amsterdam News]]|date=5 April 2018}}</ref> – daa nyɛla naa Nana Yaa Asantewaa ni gari tooni ni tob' bihi tusaanu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html|title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire|website=blackhistoryheroes.com|language=en|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref> == Tobu maa saha mini di nyaaŋa == [[File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|thumb|Duu maa daa nyela Yaa Asantuwa sarika niriba ni daa nyeli shem]] Di daa pilila nashaara goli March  yuuni 1900, tobu maa ni daa paai gbaŋpiɛla maa na Kumasi,  luɣshɛli bɛ ni daa saɣi n-deei. Zabili maa na kuli benimi hali ni zuŋɔ kamani Kumasi zaba mini linjima nima binyera duu. Chira a shɛm nyaaŋa,  Gold coast zuɣulana daa timila tobu bihi 1400 tobu maa ni. Zabili maa ni, Yaa Asantuwa mini ninvuɣi pia ni anu shɛba ban daa saɣisiri o _Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase, Nana Kwaku Duah, Nana Yaw Akoto, Nana Abena Nkyinkyim, Nana Osei Tutu II, Nana Adjei Kwaku, Nana Afia Kobi Serwaa Ampem, Nana Kofi Kumi, Nana Kwabena Nkyinkyim, Nana Okwan Nkyinkyim, Nana Agyeman Badu, Nana Ntiamoah, Nana Ababio, Nana Afia Nkyinkyim n ti pahi Nana Osei Bonsu _ be daa gbahi ba mi ka zaŋba n cheŋ ti bahi Seychelles. Amaa o saɣisiriba maa yuya daa bi kpe puuni litiricha kundu ŋan beni maa ni<ref>Berry, L. V., ''Ghana: a Country Study''.</ref> Tobu tuhiriba maa daa zanimi n ti bahigu tobu Anglo- Asante tobu din daa niŋ 19th century la. Lala liribu ŋɔ , Ashanti tobu bihi ban kalinli daa yaɣi tusa ayi ( 2000 ) daa kɔŋla be nyɛvuya ka British nima gba kamani ninvuɣi tuhili (1000) gba daa kɔŋ be nyɛvuya . Dini n daa nye nyɛvuya ni yi pam shelini Anglo-Ashanti tobu maa ni ka di daa niŋ la chira ayobu. Nashaara goli January dahinyini dali yuuni 1902. British daa ti bahi fa Empire sheŋa Ashanti nima maa ni daa su kamani yuun kobiga nyaaŋa, ka be lɛbigirila Ashanti nima maa British nam guriba<ref name="Boahen2003">{{cite book|last=Boahen|first=A. Adu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S4ALSvMlbzUC|title=Queen Yaa Asantewaa and the Asante-British War of 1900-1|publisher=James Currey Publishers|year=2003|isbn=978-0-85255-443-2}}</ref> Frederick Mitchell Hodgson daa zami ni Ashanti zaŋ mi bɛ salima kuɣu la nti ti o saha shɛli Ashanti nima ni daa saha n ti ni bɛ ku tooi di nasara Britain nim zuɣu. Salima Kua maa nyɛla din gaƔim ka mali dariza Ashanti tingbaŋ nyɛvuli ni tuun kurumbuni ha daa be nimaani n-ti paai yuun’ kɔbiga ayɔpɔin saha shɛli saha miriya ka bɛ daa kul mali chaŋ tiŋgbɔŋ maa. Kukɔɣili maa nyɛla zaɣ’ jilima mini zaɣ’ pinaayi din yɛliŋ mi miri ka naanyi ʒini di ʒini di zuɣusaa polo. Bɛ ni daa zaŋ salima kuɣ’ gahindili maa ti bahi ka bɛ naanyi zaŋ salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ti sɔɣi. 1920, Africa tiŋgbɔŋ niŋgbuŋ daa nyɛla salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ka bɛ daa ti tum tuun’ shɛŋa, ka bɛ daa naanyi zaŋ salima zuɣu n-kɔb’ bɛ ni ti bɛ niŋ salima zuɣ’ shɛŋa niri salima la. Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa kpila Seychelles nashaara goli October yuuni 1921. Yuma ata o kpibu nyaaŋa , nashaara goli December  beɣu pia ni ayopɔin yuuni 1924, Naa prempeh ŋun nye tuuli mini ninvuɣi sheba ban daa be Ashanti exiled kootu maa ni daa nyela soli ni be labina Ashanti. Naa Prempeh ŋun nye tuuli daa chɛmi ka Yaa Asantuwa mini ban daa pahi maa niŋgbuna n labina Ashanti ni be ti simsi ba.[15]. Queen Yaa Asantuwa teha zaŋ chɛŋ Asanti maŋ sulinsi deebu nye be ni daa baŋ sheli nashaara goli March yuuni 1957, din daa niŋ ka Ashanti yaɣa nima deei maŋsulinsi n pahi Ghana zuɣu.  Ghana n daa nye tuuli gbaŋsabila tiŋgbani ban di nasara ŋɔ maa[16] == Biehigu ni tuma n zaŋ ti Ashanti paɣaba == Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa gbaaila British sulinsi zalisi ' ramifications' maa. Ghana nima zuŋɔ nye o mi ka o nyela paɣadede ŋun zaŋ o siyaasa mini ninsalisili biehigu n suŋsi n gu ka taɣi o tingbani. O niŋsim maa daa kpehila Ashanti dabiba korusi ni tuhi British nima maa, di daa yina ni di mali bukaata ni o ni nye so maa.[17] == O zaashee zaŋ chaŋ yelttɔɣikura kaya ni taada yuli zalibu == Yaa Asantewaa na nyela ninvuɣi so be ni yu Ashanti yeɣili mini Ghana yaɣa pam zaŋ kpa kurumbuna lahabaya polo, o tuma daa nyela o zabirila British sulinsi. O nyela ŋun daa <nowiki>''immortalized''</nowiki> yilli sheli ŋan do gbunni ŋɔ puuni. Koo koo hin koo Yaa Asantewaa ee! Obaa basia Ogyina apremo ano ee! Waye be egyae Na Wabo mmode Ti yi yen lihi anfaabi nima zaŋ kpa bipuɣinsi tooni tali polo ti Ghana ŋɔ,  Yaa Asantuwa Girl's bikura shikuru daa zalila Kumasi yuuni 1960, ka di nyela Ghana baŋsim bobu yaɣili.[23] Yuuni 2000, bakoi yini chuɣu daa puhila Ghana ni di yi Yaa Asantuwa  nasara dibo n wuhi salo. Chuɣu ŋɔ puuni, museum daa dedicate mi n ti o la Kwaso din be Ejisu-Juaben yaɣili la ni nashaara goli August dabaa ata dali yuuni 2000. Nasara kalinsi, buɣim daa dila be yelikura maa sheŋa  o namda mini o tobu nema daa pahiya nashaara goli July yuuni 2004.(batakarikese) a ni nya sheli anfooni ŋan bɛ zuɣu saa maa ni maa.[24][25] Queen mother so ŋun na ʒi Ejisu gbana ŋɔ zuɣu nyela Yaa Asantuwa ŋun pahi ayi. Yaa Asantuwa chuɣu ŋan pahi ayi daa niŋla nashaara goli August dabisili yini zaŋ chaŋ dabaa anu yuuni 2006 Ejisu tiŋgbani ni.[26] Pumpoŋɔ boligu din daa boli ni be mɛ Yaa Asantuwa binkura biehigu shee Yaa Asantuwa senta din be Maida Vale, west London, nyela gbaŋsabila- Caribbean mebu mini tiŋa dema dug.[27] be daa zali li la yuuni 1986[28] ka zaŋ o yuli n bolili. Lala duu ŋɔ zanimi n ti ti kaya dema duu ni tiŋa ni laɣinsi ka di nyela di borimi ni de kpuɣi ti gbansabila tiŋgbani polo zuɣu saa UK tingbani ni. Niniyula kpandɔɣu puuni lahabaya Ivor Agyeman-Duah, ni yihi sheli na ka boli di yuli Yaa Asantuwa _.  Exile zuɣulana Prempeh mini Paɣa dede Gbansabila tiŋgbani puuni daa yihimi n wuhi salo la Ghana tiŋgbani ni yuuni2001.[29] Kundu shɛli be ni bol 'i stage show' ka di nyela Margaret Busby n daa sabi li : Yaa Asantuwa : paɣa tobituhira,  Geraldine Connor n daa lihiri ka di chena n zaŋ luŋ ŋmɛri biinga pahi Kofi Guanabara[30][31] be mini pan_ African cast, gili la UK ni Ghana yuuni 2001 zaŋ hali ni 2002[32][33] Walansi dema lala sasabira maa yaha daa pirimi ni yaɣa diba anu( nashaara goli October bieɣu pia ni ata zaŋ chaŋ bieɣu pia ni apɔin yuuni 2003) [34] BBC radio paɣaba  anahi saha daa beni n ti pahi Glenna Foster- Jones ni Jack Klaff, Pam Fraser Solomon n daa yuuni di zuɣu, ka Gbemisola Ikumelo, ni Nana Tsiboe, Kofi Adu,Jojo Yates , Asabre Quaye ni AtongoZimba.[35][36][37] Yuuni 2018 album din daa yina British jazz troupe bidibsi zaŋ ti kemet, Yi paɣa dede maa nyela 'Reptile ' n zaŋ gbansabilli paɣa yu zalibo kurumbuna maa ni n  boli yila . Yaa Asantuwa yuli n daa bɛ yilli ŋan pahi ayopɔin ni " My Queen is Yaa Asantuwa ". Yaa Asantuwa daa nyela duniya zaa ni daa mi so yela ka di nyela o kpaŋmaŋa zaŋ cheŋ paɣaba " rights mini freedom. Germany tiŋgbani ni be daa zaŋla o yuli n ti pini sheli ka di nyela be nintiɣili ni gbansabila tiŋgbani paɣaba kpaŋmaŋa == Kundivihira == <references /> [[Pubu: Lahabaya zaa]] [[Pubu:Paɣaba]] [[Pubu:Paɣa]] [[Pubu:Ninsala ŋun lahi ka o nyevuli ni]] s1egg6t5udrj2sy2htagycogxui69hx 116209 116208 2025-06-25T06:07:14Z Phasy GH 5787 I have added a text 116209 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Bio}} [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu.jpg|thumb|Ya Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu]] [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa Museum (4).jpg|thumb|Yaa Asantewaa Museum]] '''Yaa Asantewaa I''' ({{Circa}} 1840 – 17 ''[[October]]'' 1921) daa nyɛla Ejisu din be Ashanti Empire la napaɣa saha ŋɔ din pa nyɛla [[Ghana]] yaɣi shɛli.o tizodoo Nana Akwasi Afrane Okese n-daa nyɛ ŋun daa piigi o "Edwesuhene" bee Edwesu kpema. Yuuni 1900 pulini, ŋuna n-daa nyɛ ŋun gari tooni n-tuhi Kanbonsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ ni lahi m-booni salima kuɣu tɔbu(War of the Golden Stool) la, bee Yaa Asantewaa maŋsulinsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British Empire ni daa tuhi la.<ref>[[Kwame Anthony Appiah|Appiah, Kwame Anthony]], and [[Henry Louis Gates, Jr.]] (eds), ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience'', 1999, p.{{nbsp}}276.</ref> == Taarihi == Bɛ daa dɔɣila la Yaa Asantewaa 1840 yuuni tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Besease Community Senior High School|Besease]] la. O laamba n-daa nyɛ Kwaku Ampoma mini Ata Po. O tizodoo, Afrane Panin, daa lebila naa n-zaŋ ti ''Edweso'' , tiŋ' din daa m-baɣi ba la. O daa kola binbira poli shɛli din m-baɣi tiŋ' din yuli booni Boankra la. O daa kuli la [[Kumasi|Kumahi]] doo, ka doo maa daa lee mali paɣa, ka bɛ daa dɔɣi bipuɣinbila.<ref name="dq">{{Cite web|last=Korsah, Chantal|date=22 July 2016|title=Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=20 February 2017|publisher=Dangerous Women}}</ref> Asantewaa daa kpila tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1921. O daa nyɛla pukpara dahimlana ka lahi nyɛ ma suŋ. O daa nyɛla baŋsim lana, siyaasa nira, ŋun zabiri salo hachinim zuɣu, napaɣa ka lahi nyɛ tɔbu toondana. Yaa Asantewaa yuli daa yila polo ka di nyɛla o ni daa mali yaa n-gari kambɔŋ nanima maa zuɣu, Yaa Asantewaa tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British nima ni daa tuhiri ni bi gu salima nam kuɣ' maa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nana Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=2020-01-11|website=nanayaaasantewaa.de|archive-date=2022-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411021631/http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Prelude to rebellion== Yaa Asantewaa tizodoo ŋun daa nyɛ o beli, Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase daa nyɛla ŋun za zaashe karili ka daa piigi Asantewaa n-leegi paɣa naa. Di daa nyɛla zaashe karili din mali yuli pam<ref>{{Cite web |title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire |url=https://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html |access-date=2024-11-05 |language=en}}</ref> dama o tuma n-daa nyɛ li ni o gu ka taɣi salima nam kuɣu, n-tiri ''[[Ashanti Region|Ashanti]]'' Naa saɣisiɣu, ka piiri niriba ban tu ni bɛ tooi lee nanima naa maa nyaaŋa. O tizodoo ŋɔ nam saha, Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla ŋun yɛla pam din niŋ ka mali barina ti bɛ sɔɣibiɛɣuni,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gold Coast: The Yaa Asantewaa War |url=https://vocal.media/history/the-gold-coast-the-yaa-asantewaa-war |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=History |language=en}}</ref> nti pahi tɔbu din daa ŋmɛ yuuni 1883 hali ni yuuni 1888.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-24 |title=Igboho and allegory of Asantehene golden stool |url=https://www.thecable.ng/igboho-and-allegory-of-asantehene-golden-stool |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Din daa niŋ ka o beli ŋɔ kpi yuuni 1894, Yaa Asantewaa daa zaŋ ya' shɛli o ni mali m-piigi o yaaŋa ka o leegi<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|title=Yaa Asantewaa|date=2016-07-22|website=Dangerous Women Project|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> Ejisuhene. Di ni daa niŋ ka Britiishi kari o yaaŋa ŋɔ tahi [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1896, nti pahi Naa Prempeh I mini ninvuɣu shɛba Ashanti tiŋgbani ni, Yaa Asantewaa daa lee gbaŋlana ti Ejisu–Juaben yaɣili. Naa Prempeh{{nbsp}}I kari yihi nyaaŋa, Britiishi zuɣulana ti [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]], Frederick Hodgson, daa zami ni shee o deei bɛ salima nam kuɣu din nya simbuli Ashanti tiŋgbani.<ref name=dq/> Lala yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ maa daa che ka Ashanti niriba ban daa na beni laɣim ʒini ni bɛ tɔ jina zaŋ yi bɛ ni yɛn niŋ shɛm ka labisi bɛ naa na. Nangbakpeeni daa luna zaŋ yi bɛ ni niŋ shɛm. Yaa Asantewaa, ŋun daa be laɣingu ŋɔ ni, daa vaai yiɣisi zani ka di fiila ŋɔ: {{blockquote|Wula ka ninvuɣu kpɛma ni bidibsi ka mani Ashantinima yɛn ʒia yuuni ka siliminga kana ti gbuɣi bɛ nanima, ka dihi ba bi zaŋ yi bɛ ni bɔri bɛ salima nam kuɣu shɛm. Salima kuɣu nyɛla ariʒichi ti siliminsi ŋɔ bana; Bɛ gbi luɣili kam bɔri la di shee. Man' ku yo hali kobo janjani ti bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ. Di yi niŋ ka yi nanima ŋɔ yɛn be ka dabiɛma nima ka ku tuhi, din ŋuna paamiya yin chinchina na ŋɔ na ka dee n-pɛto.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12">{{Cite journal|last=Aidoo|first=Agnes Akosua|year=1977|title=Asante Queen Mothers in Government and Politics in the Nineteenth Century|journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria|volume=9|issue=1|page=12|jstor=41857049}}</ref>}} N-yɛn wuhi o nimohi zaŋ chaŋ tobu polo, Yaa Asantewaa daa darigi deei malifa luhi buɣim dobba ŋɔ tooni.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12" /> Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla Ashanti na shɛba ni ni piigi ni o lee toondana ʒi tob' bihi chaŋ tobu maa. Ŋɔ nyɛla tuuli ni di ko Ashanti taarihi ni ka bɛ ti paɣa lala soli. <ref>{{Cite journal|first=Arhin|last= Brempong|year=2000|title=The role of Nana Yaa Asantewaa in the 1900 Asante War of Resistance|url=http://people.ucalgary.ca/~taarn/LeGriot/article4.pdf|journal=Le Griot|volume= VIII|via=ucalgary.ca}}</ref> Yaa Asantewaa daa kpaŋsi ka nyɛm o niriba ŋɔ ni ni bɛ chaŋ ti tuhi Britiishinim' ŋɔ ni fiila ŋɔ: {{Blockquote|text=Ashanti bidib' kuma, ti nyɛla Britiishi zuɣulana ni bo vu karili ka di nyɛla o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu, din nya simbuli wuhiri Ashanti zaa nangban yini. Di bi yuui, siliminga ŋɔ daa kana ti ʒini ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni ka zaŋ kpɛŋ deei Ashanti ni di lee bɛ sulinsi. Di bi tu ni ti lahi tam ni naa Karikari saha, niriba ŋɔ daa lahi nyɛla ban ŋmɛ ti tobuhankali ni ku tooi deei, n-saɣim ti nayili ka nyo li buɣim bɛ ni daa va binshɛɣu kam yi dini naai. Bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ daa gbahi ti Naa mini o nabihi ka so bi yaagi o noli. Zuŋɔ, o lahi labina ni o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu. Yi nim bidibsi ni dobba, ti tu ni kuli ʒi ka niŋdi ka mani binkobiri maa? Di tuya ni ti yiɣisi zab' ti maŋ zuɣu; din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ti ʒia ka siliminsi ban niya ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni kuli bɛ zu ariʒichi kana ti ku ti ka saɣim ti nɛma, ka lahi bɔri ni bɛ zu ti salima nam kuɣu. Yiɣisim ya! Ka ti gu ka taɣi ti salima nam kuɣu ka che siliminsi ŋɔ. Din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ni ti kuli be dablim ni saha kam. M mali ʒili n-gari tooni zaŋ ya chaŋ ti tuhi siliminsi ŋɔ.}} Ashanti yiŋ linjima tali daa nyɛla din labi yiɣisi zaŋ yi o nimohi ni siliminsi ŋɔ tuhibu polo. {{citation needed|date=December 2023}} O nini daa bi tiɣidobba ŋɔ niŋsim zaŋ chaŋ siliminsi tuhi polo. Yaa Asantewaa daa ŋmɛ paɣatali ni dotali naangbakpeeni ka kpaŋsi bipuɣinsi ni yiɣisi tuhi. Ashanti mini British salima nam kuɣu tobu ka lahi booni ni li "Yaa Asantewaa tobu"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2018/apr/05/queen-mother-yaa-asantewaa-led-fight-against-briti/?page=1|title=Queen-mother Yaa Asantewaa led the fight against British colonialism|first=Herb|last=Boyd|author-link=Herb Boyd|work=[[New York Amsterdam News]]|date=5 April 2018}}</ref> – daa nyɛla naa Nana Yaa Asantewaa ni gari tooni ni tob' bihi tusaanu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html|title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire|website=blackhistoryheroes.com|language=en|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref> == Tobu maa saha mini di nyaaŋa == [[File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|thumb|Duu maa daa nyela Yaa Asantuwa sarika niriba ni daa nyeli shem]] Di daa pilila nashaara goli March  yuuni 1900, tobu maa ni daa paai gbaŋpiɛla maa na Kumasi,  luɣshɛli bɛ ni daa saɣi n-deei. Zabili maa na kuli benimi hali ni zuŋɔ kamani Kumasi zaba mini linjima nima binyera duu. Chira a shɛm nyaaŋa,  Gold coast zuɣulana daa timila tobu bihi 1400 tobu maa ni. Zabili maa ni, Yaa Asantuwa mini ninvuɣi pia ni anu shɛba ban daa saɣisiri o _Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase, Nana Kwaku Duah, Nana Yaw Akoto, Nana Abena Nkyinkyim, Nana Osei Tutu II, Nana Adjei Kwaku, Nana Afia Kobi Serwaa Ampem, Nana Kofi Kumi, Nana Kwabena Nkyinkyim, Nana Okwan Nkyinkyim, Nana Agyeman Badu, Nana Ntiamoah, Nana Ababio, Nana Afia Nkyinkyim n ti pahi Nana Osei Bonsu _ be daa gbahi ba mi ka zaŋba n cheŋ ti bahi Seychelles. Amaa o saɣisiriba maa yuya daa bi kpe puuni litiricha kundu ŋan beni maa ni<ref>Berry, L. V., ''Ghana: a Country Study''.</ref> Tobu tuhiriba maa daa zanimi n ti bahigu tobu Anglo- Asante tobu din daa niŋ 19th century la. Lala liribu ŋɔ , Ashanti tobu bihi ban kalinli daa yaɣi tusa ayi ( 2000 ) daa kɔŋla be nyɛvuya ka British nima gba kamani ninvuɣi tuhili (1000) gba daa kɔŋ be nyɛvuya . Dini n daa nye nyɛvuya ni yi pam shelini Anglo-Ashanti tobu maa ni ka di daa niŋ la chira ayobu. Nashaara goli January dahinyini dali yuuni 1902. British daa ti bahi fa Empire sheŋa Ashanti nima maa ni daa su kamani yuun kobiga nyaaŋa, ka be lɛbigirila Ashanti nima maa British nam guriba<ref name="Boahen2003">{{cite book|last=Boahen|first=A. Adu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S4ALSvMlbzUC|title=Queen Yaa Asantewaa and the Asante-British War of 1900-1|publisher=James Currey Publishers|year=2003|isbn=978-0-85255-443-2}}</ref> Frederick Mitchell Hodgson daa zami ni Ashanti zaŋ mi bɛ salima kuɣu la nti ti o saha shɛli Ashanti nima ni daa saha n ti ni bɛ ku tooi di nasara Britain nim zuɣu. Salima Kua maa nyɛla din gaƔim ka mali dariza Ashanti tingbaŋ nyɛvuli ni tuun kurumbuni ha daa be nimaani n-ti paai yuun’ kɔbiga ayɔpɔin saha shɛli saha miriya ka bɛ daa kul mali chaŋ tiŋgbɔŋ maa. Kukɔɣili maa nyɛla zaɣ’ jilima mini zaɣ’ pinaayi din yɛliŋ mi miri ka naanyi ʒini di ʒini di zuɣusaa polo. Bɛ ni daa zaŋ salima kuɣ’ gahindili maa ti bahi ka bɛ naanyi zaŋ salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ti sɔɣi. 1920, Africa tiŋgbɔŋ niŋgbuŋ daa nyɛla salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ka bɛ daa ti tum tuun’ shɛŋa, ka bɛ daa naanyi zaŋ salima zuɣu n-kɔb’ bɛ ni ti bɛ niŋ salima zuɣ’ shɛŋa niri salima la. Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa kpila Seychelles nashaara goli October yuuni 1921. Yuma ata o kpibu nyaaŋa , nashaara goli December  beɣu pia ni ayopɔin yuuni 1924, Naa prempeh ŋun nye tuuli mini ninvuɣi sheba ban daa be Ashanti exiled kootu maa ni daa nyela soli ni be labina Ashanti. Naa Prempeh ŋun nye tuuli daa chɛmi ka Yaa Asantuwa mini ban daa pahi maa niŋgbuna n labina Ashanti ni be ti simsi ba.[15]. Queen Yaa Asantuwa teha zaŋ chɛŋ Asanti maŋ sulinsi deebu nye be ni daa baŋ sheli nashaara goli March yuuni 1957, din daa niŋ ka Ashanti yaɣa nima deei maŋsulinsi n pahi Ghana zuɣu.  Ghana n daa nye tuuli gbaŋsabila tiŋgbani ban di nasara ŋɔ maa[16] == Biehigu ni tuma n zaŋ ti Ashanti paɣaba == Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa gbaaila British sulinsi zalisi ' ramifications' maa. Ghana nima zuŋɔ nye o mi ka o nyela paɣadede ŋun zaŋ o siyaasa mini ninsalisili biehigu n suŋsi n gu ka taɣi o tingbani. O niŋsim maa daa kpehila Ashanti dabiba korusi ni tuhi British nima maa, di daa yina ni di mali bukaata ni o ni nye so maa.[17] == O zaashee zaŋ chaŋ yelttɔɣikura kaya ni taada yuli zalibu == Yaa Asantewaa na nyela ninvuɣi so be ni yu Ashanti yeɣili mini Ghana yaɣa pam zaŋ kpa kurumbuna lahabaya polo, o tuma daa nyela o zabirila British sulinsi. O nyela ŋun daa <nowiki>''immortalized''</nowiki> yilli sheli ŋan do gbunni ŋɔ puuni. Koo koo hin koo Yaa Asantewaa ee! Obaa basia Ogyina apremo ano ee! Waye be egyae Na Wabo mmode Ti yi yen lihi anfaabi nima zaŋ kpa bipuɣinsi tooni tali polo ti Ghana ŋɔ,  Yaa Asantuwa Girl's bikura shikuru daa zalila Kumasi yuuni 1960, ka di nyela Ghana baŋsim bobu yaɣili.[23] Yuuni 2000, bakoi yini chuɣu daa puhila Ghana ni di yi Yaa Asantuwa  nasara dibo n wuhi salo. Chuɣu ŋɔ puuni, museum daa dedicate mi n ti o la Kwaso din be Ejisu-Juaben yaɣili la ni nashaara goli August dabaa ata dali yuuni 2000. Nasara kalinsi, buɣim daa dila be yelikura maa sheŋa  o namda mini o tobu nema daa pahiya nashaara goli July yuuni 2004.(batakarikese) a ni nya sheli anfooni ŋan bɛ zuɣu saa maa ni maa.[24][25] Queen mother so ŋun na ʒi Ejisu gbana ŋɔ zuɣu nyela Yaa Asantuwa ŋun pahi ayi. Yaa Asantuwa chuɣu ŋan pahi ayi daa niŋla nashaara goli August dabisili yini zaŋ chaŋ dabaa anu yuuni 2006 Ejisu tiŋgbani ni.[26] Pumpoŋɔ boligu din daa boli ni be mɛ Yaa Asantuwa binkura biehigu shee Yaa Asantuwa senta din be Maida Vale, west London, nyela gbaŋsabila- Caribbean mebu mini tiŋa dema dug.[27] be daa zali li la yuuni 1986[28] ka zaŋ o yuli n bolili. Lala duu ŋɔ zanimi n ti ti kaya dema duu ni tiŋa ni laɣinsi ka di nyela di borimi ni de kpuɣi ti gbansabila tiŋgbani polo zuɣu saa UK tingbani ni. Niniyula kpandɔɣu puuni lahabaya Ivor Agyeman-Duah, ni yihi sheli na ka boli di yuli Yaa Asantuwa _.  Exile zuɣulana Prempeh mini Paɣa dede Gbansabila tiŋgbani puuni daa yihimi n wuhi salo la Ghana tiŋgbani ni yuuni2001.[29] Kundu shɛli be ni bol 'i stage show' ka di nyela Margaret Busby n daa sabi li : Yaa Asantuwa : paɣa tobituhira,  Geraldine Connor n daa lihiri ka di chena n zaŋ luŋ ŋmɛri biinga pahi Kofi Guanabara[30][31] be mini pan_ African cast, gili la UK ni Ghana yuuni 2001 zaŋ hali ni 2002[32][33] Walansi dema lala sasabira maa yaha daa pirimi ni yaɣa diba anu( nashaara goli October bieɣu pia ni ata zaŋ chaŋ bieɣu pia ni apɔin yuuni 2003) [34] BBC radio paɣaba  anahi saha daa beni n ti pahi Glenna Foster- Jones ni Jack Klaff, Pam Fraser Solomon n daa yuuni di zuɣu, ka Gbemisola Ikumelo, ni Nana Tsiboe, Kofi Adu,Jojo Yates , Asabre Quaye ni AtongoZimba.[35][36][37] Yuuni 2018 album din daa yina British jazz troupe bidibsi zaŋ ti kemet, Yi paɣa dede maa nyela 'Reptile ' n zaŋ gbansabilli paɣa yu zalibo kurumbuna maa ni n  boli yila . Yaa Asantuwa yuli n daa bɛ yilli ŋan pahi ayopɔin ni " My Queen is Yaa Asantuwa ". Yaa Asantuwa daa nyela duniya zaa ni daa mi so yela ka di nyela o kpaŋmaŋa zaŋ cheŋ paɣaba " rights mini freedom. Germany tiŋgbani ni be daa zaŋla o yuli n ti pini sheli ka di nyela be nintiɣili ni gbansabila tiŋgbani paɣaba kpaŋmaŋa == Kundivihira == <references /> [[Pubu: Lahabaya zaa]] [[Pubu:Paɣaba]] [[Pubu:Paɣa]] [[Pubu:Ninsala ŋun lahi ka o nyevuli ni]] tss0501h727z8kmizuzg28vi4ak7jl5 116210 116209 2025-06-25T06:29:18Z Phasy GH 5787 I have corrected a text 116210 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Bio}} [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu.jpg|thumb|Ya Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu]] [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa Museum (4).jpg|thumb|Yaa Asantewaa Museum]] '''Yaa Asantewaa I''' ({{Circa}} 1840 – 17 ''[[October]]'' 1921) daa nyɛla Ejisu din be Ashanti Empire la napaɣa saha ŋɔ din pa nyɛla [[Ghana]] yaɣi shɛli.o tizodoo Nana Akwasi Afrane Okese n-daa nyɛ ŋun daa piigi o "Edwesuhene" bee Edwesu kpema. Yuuni 1900 pulini, ŋuna n-daa nyɛ ŋun gari tooni n-tuhi Kanbonsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ ni lahi m-booni salima kuɣu tɔbu(War of the Golden Stool) la, bee Yaa Asantewaa maŋsulinsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British Empire ni daa tuhi la.<ref>[[Kwame Anthony Appiah|Appiah, Kwame Anthony]], and [[Henry Louis Gates, Jr.]] (eds), ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience'', 1999, p.{{nbsp}}276.</ref> == Taarihi == Bɛ daa dɔɣila la Yaa Asantewaa 1840 yuuni tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Besease Community Senior High School|Besease]] la. O laamba n-daa nyɛ Kwaku Ampoma mini Ata Po. O tizodoo, Afrane Panin, daa lebila naa n-zaŋ ti ''Edweso'' , tiŋ' din daa m-baɣi ba la. O daa kola binbira poli shɛli din m-baɣi tiŋ' din yuli booni Boankra la. O daa kuli la [[Kumasi|Kumahi]] doo, ka doo maa daa lee mali paɣa, ka bɛ daa dɔɣi bipuɣinbila.<ref name="dq">{{Cite web|last=Korsah, Chantal|date=22 July 2016|title=Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=20 February 2017|publisher=Dangerous Women}}</ref> Asantewaa daa kpila tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1921. O daa nyɛla pukpara dahimlana ka lahi nyɛ ma suŋ. O daa nyɛla baŋsim lana, siyaasa nira, ŋun zabiri salo hachinim zuɣu, napaɣa ka lahi nyɛ tɔbu toondana. Yaa Asantewaa yuli daa yila polo o ni daa nyɛ Ashanti nanim toondana ka bɛ tuhi British salima kuɣu tɔbu maa, salima kuɣu sulinsi maa zuɣu. Yaa Asantewaa tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British nima ni daa tuhiri ni bi gu salima nam kuɣ' maa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nana Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=2020-01-11|website=nanayaaasantewaa.de|archive-date=2022-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411021631/http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Prelude to rebellion== Yaa Asantewaa tizodoo ŋun daa nyɛ o beli, Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase daa nyɛla ŋun za zaashe karili ka daa piigi Asantewaa n-leegi paɣa naa. Di daa nyɛla zaashe karili din mali yuli pam<ref>{{Cite web |title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire |url=https://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html |access-date=2024-11-05 |language=en}}</ref> dama o tuma n-daa nyɛ li ni o gu ka taɣi salima nam kuɣu, n-tiri ''[[Ashanti Region|Ashanti]]'' Naa saɣisiɣu, ka piiri niriba ban tu ni bɛ tooi lee nanima naa maa nyaaŋa. O tizodoo ŋɔ nam saha, Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla ŋun yɛla pam din niŋ ka mali barina ti bɛ sɔɣibiɛɣuni,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gold Coast: The Yaa Asantewaa War |url=https://vocal.media/history/the-gold-coast-the-yaa-asantewaa-war |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=History |language=en}}</ref> nti pahi tɔbu din daa ŋmɛ yuuni 1883 hali ni yuuni 1888.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-24 |title=Igboho and allegory of Asantehene golden stool |url=https://www.thecable.ng/igboho-and-allegory-of-asantehene-golden-stool |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Din daa niŋ ka o beli ŋɔ kpi yuuni 1894, Yaa Asantewaa daa zaŋ ya' shɛli o ni mali m-piigi o yaaŋa ka o leegi<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|title=Yaa Asantewaa|date=2016-07-22|website=Dangerous Women Project|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> Ejisuhene. Di ni daa niŋ ka Britiishi kari o yaaŋa ŋɔ tahi [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1896, nti pahi Naa Prempeh I mini ninvuɣu shɛba Ashanti tiŋgbani ni, Yaa Asantewaa daa lee gbaŋlana ti Ejisu–Juaben yaɣili. Naa Prempeh{{nbsp}}I kari yihi nyaaŋa, Britiishi zuɣulana ti [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]], Frederick Hodgson, daa zami ni shee o deei bɛ salima nam kuɣu din nya simbuli Ashanti tiŋgbani.<ref name=dq/> Lala yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ maa daa che ka Ashanti niriba ban daa na beni laɣim ʒini ni bɛ tɔ jina zaŋ yi bɛ ni yɛn niŋ shɛm ka labisi bɛ naa na. Nangbakpeeni daa luna zaŋ yi bɛ ni niŋ shɛm. Yaa Asantewaa, ŋun daa be laɣingu ŋɔ ni, daa vaai yiɣisi zani ka di fiila ŋɔ: {{blockquote|Wula ka ninvuɣu kpɛma ni bidibsi ka mani Ashantinima yɛn ʒia yuuni ka siliminga kana ti gbuɣi bɛ nanima, ka dihi ba bi zaŋ yi bɛ ni bɔri bɛ salima nam kuɣu shɛm. Salima kuɣu nyɛla ariʒichi ti siliminsi ŋɔ bana; Bɛ gbi luɣili kam bɔri la di shee. Man' ku yo hali kobo janjani ti bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ. Di yi niŋ ka yi nanima ŋɔ yɛn be ka dabiɛma nima ka ku tuhi, din ŋuna paamiya yin chinchina na ŋɔ na ka dee n-pɛto.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12">{{Cite journal|last=Aidoo|first=Agnes Akosua|year=1977|title=Asante Queen Mothers in Government and Politics in the Nineteenth Century|journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria|volume=9|issue=1|page=12|jstor=41857049}}</ref>}} N-yɛn wuhi o nimohi zaŋ chaŋ tobu polo, Yaa Asantewaa daa darigi deei malifa luhi buɣim dobba ŋɔ tooni.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12" /> Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla Ashanti na shɛba ni ni piigi ni o lee toondana ʒi tob' bihi chaŋ tobu maa. Ŋɔ nyɛla tuuli ni di ko Ashanti taarihi ni ka bɛ ti paɣa lala soli. <ref>{{Cite journal|first=Arhin|last= Brempong|year=2000|title=The role of Nana Yaa Asantewaa in the 1900 Asante War of Resistance|url=http://people.ucalgary.ca/~taarn/LeGriot/article4.pdf|journal=Le Griot|volume= VIII|via=ucalgary.ca}}</ref> Yaa Asantewaa daa kpaŋsi ka nyɛm o niriba ŋɔ ni ni bɛ chaŋ ti tuhi Britiishinim' ŋɔ ni fiila ŋɔ: {{Blockquote|text=Ashanti bidib' kuma, ti nyɛla Britiishi zuɣulana ni bo vu karili ka di nyɛla o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu, din nya simbuli wuhiri Ashanti zaa nangban yini. Di bi yuui, siliminga ŋɔ daa kana ti ʒini ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni ka zaŋ kpɛŋ deei Ashanti ni di lee bɛ sulinsi. Di bi tu ni ti lahi tam ni naa Karikari saha, niriba ŋɔ daa lahi nyɛla ban ŋmɛ ti tobuhankali ni ku tooi deei, n-saɣim ti nayili ka nyo li buɣim bɛ ni daa va binshɛɣu kam yi dini naai. Bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ daa gbahi ti Naa mini o nabihi ka so bi yaagi o noli. Zuŋɔ, o lahi labina ni o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu. Yi nim bidibsi ni dobba, ti tu ni kuli ʒi ka niŋdi ka mani binkobiri maa? Di tuya ni ti yiɣisi zab' ti maŋ zuɣu; din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ti ʒia ka siliminsi ban niya ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni kuli bɛ zu ariʒichi kana ti ku ti ka saɣim ti nɛma, ka lahi bɔri ni bɛ zu ti salima nam kuɣu. Yiɣisim ya! Ka ti gu ka taɣi ti salima nam kuɣu ka che siliminsi ŋɔ. Din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ni ti kuli be dablim ni saha kam. M mali ʒili n-gari tooni zaŋ ya chaŋ ti tuhi siliminsi ŋɔ.}} Ashanti yiŋ linjima tali daa nyɛla din labi yiɣisi zaŋ yi o nimohi ni siliminsi ŋɔ tuhibu polo. {{citation needed|date=December 2023}} O nini daa bi tiɣidobba ŋɔ niŋsim zaŋ chaŋ siliminsi tuhi polo. Yaa Asantewaa daa ŋmɛ paɣatali ni dotali naangbakpeeni ka kpaŋsi bipuɣinsi ni yiɣisi tuhi. Ashanti mini British salima nam kuɣu tobu ka lahi booni ni li "Yaa Asantewaa tobu"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2018/apr/05/queen-mother-yaa-asantewaa-led-fight-against-briti/?page=1|title=Queen-mother Yaa Asantewaa led the fight against British colonialism|first=Herb|last=Boyd|author-link=Herb Boyd|work=[[New York Amsterdam News]]|date=5 April 2018}}</ref> – daa nyɛla naa Nana Yaa Asantewaa ni gari tooni ni tob' bihi tusaanu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html|title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire|website=blackhistoryheroes.com|language=en|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref> == Tobu maa saha mini di nyaaŋa == [[File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|thumb|Duu maa daa nyela Yaa Asantuwa sarika niriba ni daa nyeli shem]] Di daa pilila nashaara goli March  yuuni 1900, tobu maa ni daa paai gbaŋpiɛla maa na Kumasi,  luɣshɛli bɛ ni daa saɣi n-deei. Zabili maa na kuli benimi hali ni zuŋɔ kamani Kumasi zaba mini linjima nima binyera duu. Chira a shɛm nyaaŋa,  Gold coast zuɣulana daa timila tobu bihi 1400 tobu maa ni. Zabili maa ni, Yaa Asantuwa mini ninvuɣi pia ni anu shɛba ban daa saɣisiri o _Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase, Nana Kwaku Duah, Nana Yaw Akoto, Nana Abena Nkyinkyim, Nana Osei Tutu II, Nana Adjei Kwaku, Nana Afia Kobi Serwaa Ampem, Nana Kofi Kumi, Nana Kwabena Nkyinkyim, Nana Okwan Nkyinkyim, Nana Agyeman Badu, Nana Ntiamoah, Nana Ababio, Nana Afia Nkyinkyim n ti pahi Nana Osei Bonsu _ be daa gbahi ba mi ka zaŋba n cheŋ ti bahi Seychelles. Amaa o saɣisiriba maa yuya daa bi kpe puuni litiricha kundu ŋan beni maa ni<ref>Berry, L. V., ''Ghana: a Country Study''.</ref> Tobu tuhiriba maa daa zanimi n ti bahigu tobu Anglo- Asante tobu din daa niŋ 19th century la. Lala liribu ŋɔ , Ashanti tobu bihi ban kalinli daa yaɣi tusa ayi ( 2000 ) daa kɔŋla be nyɛvuya ka British nima gba kamani ninvuɣi tuhili (1000) gba daa kɔŋ be nyɛvuya . Dini n daa nye nyɛvuya ni yi pam shelini Anglo-Ashanti tobu maa ni ka di daa niŋ la chira ayobu. Nashaara goli January dahinyini dali yuuni 1902. British daa ti bahi fa Empire sheŋa Ashanti nima maa ni daa su kamani yuun kobiga nyaaŋa, ka be lɛbigirila Ashanti nima maa British nam guriba<ref name="Boahen2003">{{cite book|last=Boahen|first=A. Adu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S4ALSvMlbzUC|title=Queen Yaa Asantewaa and the Asante-British War of 1900-1|publisher=James Currey Publishers|year=2003|isbn=978-0-85255-443-2}}</ref> Frederick Mitchell Hodgson daa zami ni Ashanti zaŋ mi bɛ salima kuɣu la nti ti o saha shɛli Ashanti nima ni daa saha n ti ni bɛ ku tooi di nasara Britain nim zuɣu. Salima Kua maa nyɛla din gaƔim ka mali dariza Ashanti tingbaŋ nyɛvuli ni tuun kurumbuni ha daa be nimaani n-ti paai yuun’ kɔbiga ayɔpɔin saha shɛli saha miriya ka bɛ daa kul mali chaŋ tiŋgbɔŋ maa. Kukɔɣili maa nyɛla zaɣ’ jilima mini zaɣ’ pinaayi din yɛliŋ mi miri ka naanyi ʒini di ʒini di zuɣusaa polo. Bɛ ni daa zaŋ salima kuɣ’ gahindili maa ti bahi ka bɛ naanyi zaŋ salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ti sɔɣi. 1920, Africa tiŋgbɔŋ niŋgbuŋ daa nyɛla salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ka bɛ daa ti tum tuun’ shɛŋa, ka bɛ daa naanyi zaŋ salima zuɣu n-kɔb’ bɛ ni ti bɛ niŋ salima zuɣ’ shɛŋa niri salima la. Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa kpila Seychelles nashaara goli October yuuni 1921. Yuma ata o kpibu nyaaŋa , nashaara goli December  beɣu pia ni ayopɔin yuuni 1924, Naa prempeh ŋun nye tuuli mini ninvuɣi sheba ban daa be Ashanti exiled kootu maa ni daa nyela soli ni be labina Ashanti. Naa Prempeh ŋun nye tuuli daa chɛmi ka Yaa Asantuwa mini ban daa pahi maa niŋgbuna n labina Ashanti ni be ti simsi ba.[15]. Queen Yaa Asantuwa teha zaŋ chɛŋ Asanti maŋ sulinsi deebu nye be ni daa baŋ sheli nashaara goli March yuuni 1957, din daa niŋ ka Ashanti yaɣa nima deei maŋsulinsi n pahi Ghana zuɣu.  Ghana n daa nye tuuli gbaŋsabila tiŋgbani ban di nasara ŋɔ maa[16] == Biehigu ni tuma n zaŋ ti Ashanti paɣaba == Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa gbaaila British sulinsi zalisi ' ramifications' maa. Ghana nima zuŋɔ nye o mi ka o nyela paɣadede ŋun zaŋ o siyaasa mini ninsalisili biehigu n suŋsi n gu ka taɣi o tingbani. O niŋsim maa daa kpehila Ashanti dabiba korusi ni tuhi British nima maa, di daa yina ni di mali bukaata ni o ni nye so maa.[17] == O zaashee zaŋ chaŋ yelttɔɣikura kaya ni taada yuli zalibu == Yaa Asantewaa na nyela ninvuɣi so be ni yu Ashanti yeɣili mini Ghana yaɣa pam zaŋ kpa kurumbuna lahabaya polo, o tuma daa nyela o zabirila British sulinsi. O nyela ŋun daa <nowiki>''immortalized''</nowiki> yilli sheli ŋan do gbunni ŋɔ puuni. Koo koo hin koo Yaa Asantewaa ee! Obaa basia Ogyina apremo ano ee! Waye be egyae Na Wabo mmode Ti yi yen lihi anfaabi nima zaŋ kpa bipuɣinsi tooni tali polo ti Ghana ŋɔ,  Yaa Asantuwa Girl's bikura shikuru daa zalila Kumasi yuuni 1960, ka di nyela Ghana baŋsim bobu yaɣili.[23] Yuuni 2000, bakoi yini chuɣu daa puhila Ghana ni di yi Yaa Asantuwa  nasara dibo n wuhi salo. Chuɣu ŋɔ puuni, museum daa dedicate mi n ti o la Kwaso din be Ejisu-Juaben yaɣili la ni nashaara goli August dabaa ata dali yuuni 2000. Nasara kalinsi, buɣim daa dila be yelikura maa sheŋa  o namda mini o tobu nema daa pahiya nashaara goli July yuuni 2004.(batakarikese) a ni nya sheli anfooni ŋan bɛ zuɣu saa maa ni maa.[24][25] Queen mother so ŋun na ʒi Ejisu gbana ŋɔ zuɣu nyela Yaa Asantuwa ŋun pahi ayi. Yaa Asantuwa chuɣu ŋan pahi ayi daa niŋla nashaara goli August dabisili yini zaŋ chaŋ dabaa anu yuuni 2006 Ejisu tiŋgbani ni.[26] Pumpoŋɔ boligu din daa boli ni be mɛ Yaa Asantuwa binkura biehigu shee Yaa Asantuwa senta din be Maida Vale, west London, nyela gbaŋsabila- Caribbean mebu mini tiŋa dema dug.[27] be daa zali li la yuuni 1986[28] ka zaŋ o yuli n bolili. Lala duu ŋɔ zanimi n ti ti kaya dema duu ni tiŋa ni laɣinsi ka di nyela di borimi ni de kpuɣi ti gbansabila tiŋgbani polo zuɣu saa UK tingbani ni. Niniyula kpandɔɣu puuni lahabaya Ivor Agyeman-Duah, ni yihi sheli na ka boli di yuli Yaa Asantuwa _.  Exile zuɣulana Prempeh mini Paɣa dede Gbansabila tiŋgbani puuni daa yihimi n wuhi salo la Ghana tiŋgbani ni yuuni2001.[29] Kundu shɛli be ni bol 'i stage show' ka di nyela Margaret Busby n daa sabi li : Yaa Asantuwa : paɣa tobituhira,  Geraldine Connor n daa lihiri ka di chena n zaŋ luŋ ŋmɛri biinga pahi Kofi Guanabara[30][31] be mini pan_ African cast, gili la UK ni Ghana yuuni 2001 zaŋ hali ni 2002[32][33] Walansi dema lala sasabira maa yaha daa pirimi ni yaɣa diba anu( nashaara goli October bieɣu pia ni ata zaŋ chaŋ bieɣu pia ni apɔin yuuni 2003) [34] BBC radio paɣaba  anahi saha daa beni n ti pahi Glenna Foster- Jones ni Jack Klaff, Pam Fraser Solomon n daa yuuni di zuɣu, ka Gbemisola Ikumelo, ni Nana Tsiboe, Kofi Adu,Jojo Yates , Asabre Quaye ni AtongoZimba.[35][36][37] Yuuni 2018 album din daa yina British jazz troupe bidibsi zaŋ ti kemet, Yi paɣa dede maa nyela 'Reptile ' n zaŋ gbansabilli paɣa yu zalibo kurumbuna maa ni n  boli yila . Yaa Asantuwa yuli n daa bɛ yilli ŋan pahi ayopɔin ni " My Queen is Yaa Asantuwa ". Yaa Asantuwa daa nyela duniya zaa ni daa mi so yela ka di nyela o kpaŋmaŋa zaŋ cheŋ paɣaba " rights mini freedom. Germany tiŋgbani ni be daa zaŋla o yuli n ti pini sheli ka di nyela be nintiɣili ni gbansabila tiŋgbani paɣaba kpaŋmaŋa == Kundivihira == <references /> [[Pubu: Lahabaya zaa]] [[Pubu:Paɣaba]] [[Pubu:Paɣa]] [[Pubu:Ninsala ŋun lahi ka o nyevuli ni]] cyhwg4hhvwyb063b6jfgjt6rocjkikl 116212 116210 2025-06-25T06:39:39Z Phasy GH 5787 Corrected a word 116212 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Bio}} [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu.jpg|thumb|Ya Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu]] [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa Museum (4).jpg|thumb|Yaa Asantewaa Museum]] '''Yaa Asantewaa I''' ({{Circa}} 1840 – 17 ''[[October]]'' 1921) daa nyɛla Ejisu din be Ashanti Empire la napaɣa saha ŋɔ din pa nyɛla [[Ghana]] yaɣi shɛli.o tizodoo Nana Akwasi Afrane Okese n-daa nyɛ ŋun daa piigi o "Edwesuhene" bee Edwesu kpema. Yuuni 1900 pulini, ŋuna n-daa nyɛ ŋun gari tooni n-tuhi Kanbonsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ ni lahi m-booni salima kuɣu tɔbu(War of the Golden Stool) la, bee Yaa Asantewaa maŋsulinsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British Empire ni daa tuhi la.<ref>[[Kwame Anthony Appiah|Appiah, Kwame Anthony]], and [[Henry Louis Gates, Jr.]] (eds), ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience'', 1999, p.{{nbsp}}276.</ref> == Taarihi == Bɛ daa dɔɣila la Yaa Asantewaa 1840 yuuni tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Besease Community Senior High School|Besease]] la. O laamba n-daa nyɛ Kwaku Ampoma mini Ata Po. O tizodoo, Afrane Panin, daa lebila naa n-zaŋ ti ''Edweso'' , tiŋ' din daa m-baɣi ba la. O daa kola binbira poli shɛli din m-baɣi tiŋ' din yuli booni Boankra la. O daa kuli la [[Kumasi|Kumahi]] doo, ka doo maa daa lee mali paɣa, ka bɛ daa dɔɣi bipuɣinbila.<ref name="dq">{{Cite web|last=Korsah, Chantal|date=22 July 2016|title=Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=20 February 2017|publisher=Dangerous Women}}</ref> Asantewaa daa kpila tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1921. O daa nyɛla pukpara dahimlana ka lahi nyɛ ma suŋ. O daa nyɛla baŋsim lana, siyaasa nira, ŋun zabiri salo hachinim zuɣu, napaɣa ka lahi nyɛ tɔbu toondana. Yaa Asantewaa yuli daa yila polo o ni daa nyɛ Ashanti nanim toondana ka bɛ tuhi salima kuɣu tɔbu maa zuɣu, Yaa Asantewaa tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British nima ni daa tuhiri ni bi gu salima nam kuɣ' maa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nana Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=2020-01-11|website=nanayaaasantewaa.de|archive-date=2022-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411021631/http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Prelude to rebellion== Yaa Asantewaa tizodoo ŋun daa nyɛ o beli, Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase daa nyɛla ŋun za zaashe karili ka daa piigi Asantewaa n-leegi paɣa naa. Di daa nyɛla zaashe karili din mali yuli pam<ref>{{Cite web |title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire |url=https://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html |access-date=2024-11-05 |language=en}}</ref> dama o tuma n-daa nyɛ li ni o gu ka taɣi salima nam kuɣu, n-tiri ''[[Ashanti Region|Ashanti]]'' Naa saɣisigu, ka piiri niriba ban tu ni bɛ tooi lee nanima naa maa nyaaŋa. O tizodoo ŋɔ nam saha, Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla ŋun yɛla pam din niŋ ka mali barina ti bɛ sɔɣibiɛɣuni,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gold Coast: The Yaa Asantewaa War |url=https://vocal.media/history/the-gold-coast-the-yaa-asantewaa-war |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=History |language=en}}</ref> nti pahi tɔbu din daa ŋmɛ yuuni 1883 hali ni yuuni 1888.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-24 |title=Igboho and allegory of Asantehene golden stool |url=https://www.thecable.ng/igboho-and-allegory-of-asantehene-golden-stool |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Din daa niŋ ka o beli ŋɔ kpi yuuni 1894, Yaa Asantewaa daa zaŋ ya' shɛli o ni mali m-piigi o yaaŋa ka o leegi<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|title=Yaa Asantewaa|date=2016-07-22|website=Dangerous Women Project|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> Ejisuhene. Di ni daa niŋ ka Britiishi kari o yaaŋa ŋɔ tahi [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1896, nti pahi Naa Prempeh I mini ninvuɣu shɛba Ashanti tiŋgbani ni, Yaa Asantewaa daa lee gbaŋlana ti Ejisu–Juaben yaɣili. Naa Prempeh{{nbsp}}I kari yihi nyaaŋa, Britiishi zuɣulana ti [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]], Frederick Hodgson, daa zami ni shee o deei bɛ salima nam kuɣu din nya simbuli Ashanti tiŋgbani.<ref name=dq/> Lala yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ maa daa che ka Ashanti niriba ban daa na beni laɣim ʒini ni bɛ tɔ jina zaŋ yi bɛ ni yɛn niŋ shɛm ka labisi bɛ naa na. Nangbakpeeni daa luna zaŋ yi bɛ ni niŋ shɛm. Yaa Asantewaa, ŋun daa be laɣingu ŋɔ ni, daa vaai yiɣisi zani ka di fiila ŋɔ: {{blockquote|Wula ka ninvuɣu kpɛma ni bidibsi ka mani Ashantinima yɛn ʒia yuuni ka siliminga kana ti gbuɣi bɛ nanima, ka dihi ba bi zaŋ yi bɛ ni bɔri bɛ salima nam kuɣu shɛm. Salima kuɣu nyɛla ariʒichi ti siliminsi ŋɔ bana; Bɛ gbi luɣili kam bɔri la di shee. Man' ku yo hali kobo janjani ti bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ. Di yi niŋ ka yi nanima ŋɔ yɛn be ka dabiɛma nima ka ku tuhi, din ŋuna paamiya yin chinchina na ŋɔ na ka dee n-pɛto.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12">{{Cite journal|last=Aidoo|first=Agnes Akosua|year=1977|title=Asante Queen Mothers in Government and Politics in the Nineteenth Century|journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria|volume=9|issue=1|page=12|jstor=41857049}}</ref>}} N-yɛn wuhi o nimohi zaŋ chaŋ tobu polo, Yaa Asantewaa daa darigi deei malifa luhi buɣim dobba ŋɔ tooni.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12" /> Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla Ashanti na shɛba ni ni piigi ni o lee toondana ʒi tob' bihi chaŋ tobu maa. Ŋɔ nyɛla tuuli ni di ko Ashanti taarihi ni ka bɛ ti paɣa lala soli. <ref>{{Cite journal|first=Arhin|last= Brempong|year=2000|title=The role of Nana Yaa Asantewaa in the 1900 Asante War of Resistance|url=http://people.ucalgary.ca/~taarn/LeGriot/article4.pdf|journal=Le Griot|volume= VIII|via=ucalgary.ca}}</ref> Yaa Asantewaa daa kpaŋsi ka nyɛm o niriba ŋɔ ni ni bɛ chaŋ ti tuhi Britiishinim' ŋɔ ni fiila ŋɔ: {{Blockquote|text=Ashanti bidib' kuma, ti nyɛla Britiishi zuɣulana ni bo vu karili ka di nyɛla o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu, din nya simbuli wuhiri Ashanti zaa nangban yini. Di bi yuui, siliminga ŋɔ daa kana ti ʒini ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni ka zaŋ kpɛŋ deei Ashanti ni di lee bɛ sulinsi. Di bi tu ni ti lahi tam ni naa Karikari saha, niriba ŋɔ daa lahi nyɛla ban ŋmɛ ti tobuhankali ni ku tooi deei, n-saɣim ti nayili ka nyo li buɣim bɛ ni daa va binshɛɣu kam yi dini naai. Bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ daa gbahi ti Naa mini o nabihi ka so bi yaagi o noli. Zuŋɔ, o lahi labina ni o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu. Yi nim bidibsi ni dobba, ti tu ni kuli ʒi ka niŋdi ka mani binkobiri maa? Di tuya ni ti yiɣisi zab' ti maŋ zuɣu; din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ti ʒia ka siliminsi ban niya ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni kuli bɛ zu ariʒichi kana ti ku ti ka saɣim ti nɛma, ka lahi bɔri ni bɛ zu ti salima nam kuɣu. Yiɣisim ya! Ka ti gu ka taɣi ti salima nam kuɣu ka che siliminsi ŋɔ. Din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ni ti kuli be dablim ni saha kam. M mali ʒili n-gari tooni zaŋ ya chaŋ ti tuhi siliminsi ŋɔ.}} Ashanti yiŋ linjima tali daa nyɛla din labi yiɣisi zaŋ yi o nimohi ni siliminsi ŋɔ tuhibu polo. {{citation needed|date=December 2023}} O nini daa bi tiɣidobba ŋɔ niŋsim zaŋ chaŋ siliminsi tuhi polo. Yaa Asantewaa daa ŋmɛ paɣatali ni dotali naangbakpeeni ka kpaŋsi bipuɣinsi ni yiɣisi tuhi. Ashanti mini British salima nam kuɣu tobu ka lahi booni ni li "Yaa Asantewaa tobu"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2018/apr/05/queen-mother-yaa-asantewaa-led-fight-against-briti/?page=1|title=Queen-mother Yaa Asantewaa led the fight against British colonialism|first=Herb|last=Boyd|author-link=Herb Boyd|work=[[New York Amsterdam News]]|date=5 April 2018}}</ref> – daa nyɛla naa Nana Yaa Asantewaa ni gari tooni ni tob' bihi tusaanu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html|title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire|website=blackhistoryheroes.com|language=en|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref> == Tobu maa saha mini di nyaaŋa == [[File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|thumb|Duu maa daa nyela Yaa Asantuwa sarika niriba ni daa nyeli shem]] Di daa pilila nashaara goli March  yuuni 1900, tobu maa ni daa paai gbaŋpiɛla maa na Kumasi,  luɣshɛli bɛ ni daa saɣi n-deei. Zabili maa na kuli benimi hali ni zuŋɔ kamani Kumasi zaba mini linjima nima binyera duu. Chira a shɛm nyaaŋa,  Gold coast zuɣulana daa timila tobu bihi 1400 tobu maa ni. Zabili maa ni, Yaa Asantuwa mini ninvuɣi pia ni anu shɛba ban daa saɣisiri o _Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase, Nana Kwaku Duah, Nana Yaw Akoto, Nana Abena Nkyinkyim, Nana Osei Tutu II, Nana Adjei Kwaku, Nana Afia Kobi Serwaa Ampem, Nana Kofi Kumi, Nana Kwabena Nkyinkyim, Nana Okwan Nkyinkyim, Nana Agyeman Badu, Nana Ntiamoah, Nana Ababio, Nana Afia Nkyinkyim n ti pahi Nana Osei Bonsu _ be daa gbahi ba mi ka zaŋba n cheŋ ti bahi Seychelles. Amaa o saɣisiriba maa yuya daa bi kpe puuni litiricha kundu ŋan beni maa ni<ref>Berry, L. V., ''Ghana: a Country Study''.</ref> Tobu tuhiriba maa daa zanimi n ti bahigu tobu Anglo- Asante tobu din daa niŋ 19th century la. Lala liribu ŋɔ , Ashanti tobu bihi ban kalinli daa yaɣi tusa ayi ( 2000 ) daa kɔŋla be nyɛvuya ka British nima gba kamani ninvuɣi tuhili (1000) gba daa kɔŋ be nyɛvuya . Dini n daa nye nyɛvuya ni yi pam shelini Anglo-Ashanti tobu maa ni ka di daa niŋ la chira ayobu. Nashaara goli January dahinyini dali yuuni 1902. British daa ti bahi fa Empire sheŋa Ashanti nima maa ni daa su kamani yuun kobiga nyaaŋa, ka be lɛbigirila Ashanti nima maa British nam guriba<ref name="Boahen2003">{{cite book|last=Boahen|first=A. Adu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S4ALSvMlbzUC|title=Queen Yaa Asantewaa and the Asante-British War of 1900-1|publisher=James Currey Publishers|year=2003|isbn=978-0-85255-443-2}}</ref> Frederick Mitchell Hodgson daa zami ni Ashanti zaŋ mi bɛ salima kuɣu la nti ti o saha shɛli Ashanti nima ni daa saha n ti ni bɛ ku tooi di nasara Britain nim zuɣu. Salima Kua maa nyɛla din gaƔim ka mali dariza Ashanti tingbaŋ nyɛvuli ni tuun kurumbuni ha daa be nimaani n-ti paai yuun’ kɔbiga ayɔpɔin saha shɛli saha miriya ka bɛ daa kul mali chaŋ tiŋgbɔŋ maa. Kukɔɣili maa nyɛla zaɣ’ jilima mini zaɣ’ pinaayi din yɛliŋ mi miri ka naanyi ʒini di ʒini di zuɣusaa polo. Bɛ ni daa zaŋ salima kuɣ’ gahindili maa ti bahi ka bɛ naanyi zaŋ salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ti sɔɣi. 1920, Africa tiŋgbɔŋ niŋgbuŋ daa nyɛla salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ka bɛ daa ti tum tuun’ shɛŋa, ka bɛ daa naanyi zaŋ salima zuɣu n-kɔb’ bɛ ni ti bɛ niŋ salima zuɣ’ shɛŋa niri salima la. Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa kpila Seychelles nashaara goli October yuuni 1921. Yuma ata o kpibu nyaaŋa , nashaara goli December  beɣu pia ni ayopɔin yuuni 1924, Naa prempeh ŋun nye tuuli mini ninvuɣi sheba ban daa be Ashanti exiled kootu maa ni daa nyela soli ni be labina Ashanti. Naa Prempeh ŋun nye tuuli daa chɛmi ka Yaa Asantuwa mini ban daa pahi maa niŋgbuna n labina Ashanti ni be ti simsi ba.[15]. Queen Yaa Asantuwa teha zaŋ chɛŋ Asanti maŋ sulinsi deebu nye be ni daa baŋ sheli nashaara goli March yuuni 1957, din daa niŋ ka Ashanti yaɣa nima deei maŋsulinsi n pahi Ghana zuɣu.  Ghana n daa nye tuuli gbaŋsabila tiŋgbani ban di nasara ŋɔ maa[16] == Biehigu ni tuma n zaŋ ti Ashanti paɣaba == Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa gbaaila British sulinsi zalisi ' ramifications' maa. Ghana nima zuŋɔ nye o mi ka o nyela paɣadede ŋun zaŋ o siyaasa mini ninsalisili biehigu n suŋsi n gu ka taɣi o tingbani. O niŋsim maa daa kpehila Ashanti dabiba korusi ni tuhi British nima maa, di daa yina ni di mali bukaata ni o ni nye so maa.[17] == O zaashee zaŋ chaŋ yelttɔɣikura kaya ni taada yuli zalibu == Yaa Asantewaa na nyela ninvuɣi so be ni yu Ashanti yeɣili mini Ghana yaɣa pam zaŋ kpa kurumbuna lahabaya polo, o tuma daa nyela o zabirila British sulinsi. O nyela ŋun daa <nowiki>''immortalized''</nowiki> yilli sheli ŋan do gbunni ŋɔ puuni. Koo koo hin koo Yaa Asantewaa ee! Obaa basia Ogyina apremo ano ee! Waye be egyae Na Wabo mmode Ti yi yen lihi anfaabi nima zaŋ kpa bipuɣinsi tooni tali polo ti Ghana ŋɔ,  Yaa Asantuwa Girl's bikura shikuru daa zalila Kumasi yuuni 1960, ka di nyela Ghana baŋsim bobu yaɣili.[23] Yuuni 2000, bakoi yini chuɣu daa puhila Ghana ni di yi Yaa Asantuwa  nasara dibo n wuhi salo. Chuɣu ŋɔ puuni, museum daa dedicate mi n ti o la Kwaso din be Ejisu-Juaben yaɣili la ni nashaara goli August dabaa ata dali yuuni 2000. Nasara kalinsi, buɣim daa dila be yelikura maa sheŋa  o namda mini o tobu nema daa pahiya nashaara goli July yuuni 2004.(batakarikese) a ni nya sheli anfooni ŋan bɛ zuɣu saa maa ni maa.[24][25] Queen mother so ŋun na ʒi Ejisu gbana ŋɔ zuɣu nyela Yaa Asantuwa ŋun pahi ayi. Yaa Asantuwa chuɣu ŋan pahi ayi daa niŋla nashaara goli August dabisili yini zaŋ chaŋ dabaa anu yuuni 2006 Ejisu tiŋgbani ni.[26] Pumpoŋɔ boligu din daa boli ni be mɛ Yaa Asantuwa binkura biehigu shee Yaa Asantuwa senta din be Maida Vale, west London, nyela gbaŋsabila- Caribbean mebu mini tiŋa dema dug.[27] be daa zali li la yuuni 1986[28] ka zaŋ o yuli n bolili. Lala duu ŋɔ zanimi n ti ti kaya dema duu ni tiŋa ni laɣinsi ka di nyela di borimi ni de kpuɣi ti gbansabila tiŋgbani polo zuɣu saa UK tingbani ni. Niniyula kpandɔɣu puuni lahabaya Ivor Agyeman-Duah, ni yihi sheli na ka boli di yuli Yaa Asantuwa _.  Exile zuɣulana Prempeh mini Paɣa dede Gbansabila tiŋgbani puuni daa yihimi n wuhi salo la Ghana tiŋgbani ni yuuni2001.[29] Kundu shɛli be ni bol 'i stage show' ka di nyela Margaret Busby n daa sabi li : Yaa Asantuwa : paɣa tobituhira,  Geraldine Connor n daa lihiri ka di chena n zaŋ luŋ ŋmɛri biinga pahi Kofi Guanabara[30][31] be mini pan_ African cast, gili la UK ni Ghana yuuni 2001 zaŋ hali ni 2002[32][33] Walansi dema lala sasabira maa yaha daa pirimi ni yaɣa diba anu( nashaara goli October bieɣu pia ni ata zaŋ chaŋ bieɣu pia ni apɔin yuuni 2003) [34] BBC radio paɣaba  anahi saha daa beni n ti pahi Glenna Foster- Jones ni Jack Klaff, Pam Fraser Solomon n daa yuuni di zuɣu, ka Gbemisola Ikumelo, ni Nana Tsiboe, Kofi Adu,Jojo Yates , Asabre Quaye ni AtongoZimba.[35][36][37] Yuuni 2018 album din daa yina British jazz troupe bidibsi zaŋ ti kemet, Yi paɣa dede maa nyela 'Reptile ' n zaŋ gbansabilli paɣa yu zalibo kurumbuna maa ni n  boli yila . Yaa Asantuwa yuli n daa bɛ yilli ŋan pahi ayopɔin ni " My Queen is Yaa Asantuwa ". Yaa Asantuwa daa nyela duniya zaa ni daa mi so yela ka di nyela o kpaŋmaŋa zaŋ cheŋ paɣaba " rights mini freedom. Germany tiŋgbani ni be daa zaŋla o yuli n ti pini sheli ka di nyela be nintiɣili ni gbansabila tiŋgbani paɣaba kpaŋmaŋa == Kundivihira == <references /> [[Pubu: Lahabaya zaa]] [[Pubu:Paɣaba]] [[Pubu:Paɣa]] [[Pubu:Ninsala ŋun lahi ka o nyevuli ni]] s9srmn8tkm9mcy50la8kmuxzq5qw1wq 116213 116212 2025-06-25T06:44:00Z Phasy GH 5787 I have linked a text 116213 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Bio}} [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu.jpg|thumb|Ya Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu]] [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa Museum (4).jpg|thumb|Yaa Asantewaa Museum]] '''Yaa Asantewaa I''' ({{Circa}} 1840 – 17 ''[[October]]'' 1921) daa nyɛla Ejisu din be Ashanti Empire la napaɣa saha ŋɔ din pa nyɛla [[Ghana]] yaɣi shɛli.o tizodoo Nana Akwasi Afrane Okese n-daa nyɛ ŋun daa piigi o "Edwesuhene" bee Edwesu kpema. Yuuni 1900 pulini, ŋuna n-daa nyɛ ŋun gari tooni n-tuhi Kanbonsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ ni lahi m-booni salima kuɣu tɔbu(''War of the Golden Stool'') la, bee Yaa Asantewaa maŋsulinsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini ''British Empire'' ni daa tuhi la.<ref>[[Kwame Anthony Appiah|Appiah, Kwame Anthony]], and [[Henry Louis Gates, Jr.]] (eds), ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience'', 1999, p.{{nbsp}}276.</ref> == Taarihi == Bɛ daa dɔɣila la Yaa Asantewaa 1840 yuuni tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Besease Community Senior High School|Besease]] la. O laamba n-daa nyɛ Kwaku Ampoma mini Ata Po. O tizodoo, Afrane Panin, daa lebila naa n-zaŋ ti ''Edweso'' , tiŋ' din daa m-baɣi ba la. O daa kola binbira poli shɛli din m-baɣi tiŋ' din yuli booni Boankra la. O daa kuli la [[Kumasi|Kumahi]] doo, ka doo maa daa lee mali paɣa, ka bɛ daa dɔɣi bipuɣinbila.<ref name="dq">{{Cite web|last=Korsah, Chantal|date=22 July 2016|title=Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=20 February 2017|publisher=Dangerous Women}}</ref> Asantewaa daa kpila tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1921. O daa nyɛla pukpara dahimlana ka lahi nyɛ ma suŋ. O daa nyɛla baŋsim lana, siyaasa nira, ŋun zabiri salo hachinim zuɣu, napaɣa ka lahi nyɛ tɔbu toondana. Yaa Asantewaa yuli daa yila polo o ni daa nyɛ Ashanti nanim toondana ka bɛ tuhi salima kuɣu tɔbu maa zuɣu, Yaa Asantewaa tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British nima ni daa tuhiri ni bi gu salima nam kuɣ' maa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nana Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=2020-01-11|website=nanayaaasantewaa.de|archive-date=2022-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411021631/http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Prelude to rebellion== Yaa Asantewaa tizodoo ŋun daa nyɛ o beli, Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase daa nyɛla ŋun za zaashe karili ka daa piigi Asantewaa n-leegi paɣa naa. Di daa nyɛla zaashe karili din mali yuli pam<ref>{{Cite web |title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire |url=https://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html |access-date=2024-11-05 |language=en}}</ref> dama o tuma n-daa nyɛ li ni o gu ka taɣi salima nam kuɣu, n-tiri ''[[Ashanti Region|Ashanti]]'' Naa saɣisigu, ka piiri niriba ban tu ni bɛ tooi lee nanima naa maa nyaaŋa. O tizodoo ŋɔ nam saha, Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla ŋun yɛla pam din niŋ ka mali barina ti bɛ sɔɣibiɛɣuni,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gold Coast: The Yaa Asantewaa War |url=https://vocal.media/history/the-gold-coast-the-yaa-asantewaa-war |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=History |language=en}}</ref> nti pahi tɔbu din daa ŋmɛ yuuni 1883 hali ni yuuni 1888.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-24 |title=Igboho and allegory of Asantehene golden stool |url=https://www.thecable.ng/igboho-and-allegory-of-asantehene-golden-stool |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Din daa niŋ ka o beli ŋɔ kpi yuuni 1894, Yaa Asantewaa daa zaŋ ya' shɛli o ni mali m-piigi o yaaŋa ka o leegi<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|title=Yaa Asantewaa|date=2016-07-22|website=Dangerous Women Project|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> Ejisuhene. Di ni daa niŋ ka Britiishi kari o yaaŋa ŋɔ tahi [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1896, nti pahi Naa Prempeh I mini ninvuɣu shɛba Ashanti tiŋgbani ni, Yaa Asantewaa daa lee gbaŋlana ti Ejisu–Juaben yaɣili. Naa Prempeh{{nbsp}}I kari yihi nyaaŋa, Britiishi zuɣulana ti [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]], Frederick Hodgson, daa zami ni shee o deei bɛ salima nam kuɣu din nya simbuli Ashanti tiŋgbani.<ref name=dq/> Lala yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ maa daa che ka Ashanti niriba ban daa na beni laɣim ʒini ni bɛ tɔ jina zaŋ yi bɛ ni yɛn niŋ shɛm ka labisi bɛ naa na. Nangbakpeeni daa luna zaŋ yi bɛ ni niŋ shɛm. Yaa Asantewaa, ŋun daa be laɣingu ŋɔ ni, daa vaai yiɣisi zani ka di fiila ŋɔ: {{blockquote|Wula ka ninvuɣu kpɛma ni bidibsi ka mani Ashantinima yɛn ʒia yuuni ka siliminga kana ti gbuɣi bɛ nanima, ka dihi ba bi zaŋ yi bɛ ni bɔri bɛ salima nam kuɣu shɛm. Salima kuɣu nyɛla ariʒichi ti siliminsi ŋɔ bana; Bɛ gbi luɣili kam bɔri la di shee. Man' ku yo hali kobo janjani ti bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ. Di yi niŋ ka yi nanima ŋɔ yɛn be ka dabiɛma nima ka ku tuhi, din ŋuna paamiya yin chinchina na ŋɔ na ka dee n-pɛto.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12">{{Cite journal|last=Aidoo|first=Agnes Akosua|year=1977|title=Asante Queen Mothers in Government and Politics in the Nineteenth Century|journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria|volume=9|issue=1|page=12|jstor=41857049}}</ref>}} N-yɛn wuhi o nimohi zaŋ chaŋ tobu polo, Yaa Asantewaa daa darigi deei malifa luhi buɣim dobba ŋɔ tooni.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12" /> Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla Ashanti na shɛba ni ni piigi ni o lee toondana ʒi tob' bihi chaŋ tobu maa. Ŋɔ nyɛla tuuli ni di ko Ashanti taarihi ni ka bɛ ti paɣa lala soli. <ref>{{Cite journal|first=Arhin|last= Brempong|year=2000|title=The role of Nana Yaa Asantewaa in the 1900 Asante War of Resistance|url=http://people.ucalgary.ca/~taarn/LeGriot/article4.pdf|journal=Le Griot|volume= VIII|via=ucalgary.ca}}</ref> Yaa Asantewaa daa kpaŋsi ka nyɛm o niriba ŋɔ ni ni bɛ chaŋ ti tuhi Britiishinim' ŋɔ ni fiila ŋɔ: {{Blockquote|text=Ashanti bidib' kuma, ti nyɛla Britiishi zuɣulana ni bo vu karili ka di nyɛla o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu, din nya simbuli wuhiri Ashanti zaa nangban yini. Di bi yuui, siliminga ŋɔ daa kana ti ʒini ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni ka zaŋ kpɛŋ deei Ashanti ni di lee bɛ sulinsi. Di bi tu ni ti lahi tam ni naa Karikari saha, niriba ŋɔ daa lahi nyɛla ban ŋmɛ ti tobuhankali ni ku tooi deei, n-saɣim ti nayili ka nyo li buɣim bɛ ni daa va binshɛɣu kam yi dini naai. Bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ daa gbahi ti Naa mini o nabihi ka so bi yaagi o noli. Zuŋɔ, o lahi labina ni o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu. Yi nim bidibsi ni dobba, ti tu ni kuli ʒi ka niŋdi ka mani binkobiri maa? Di tuya ni ti yiɣisi zab' ti maŋ zuɣu; din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ti ʒia ka siliminsi ban niya ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni kuli bɛ zu ariʒichi kana ti ku ti ka saɣim ti nɛma, ka lahi bɔri ni bɛ zu ti salima nam kuɣu. Yiɣisim ya! Ka ti gu ka taɣi ti salima nam kuɣu ka che siliminsi ŋɔ. Din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ni ti kuli be dablim ni saha kam. M mali ʒili n-gari tooni zaŋ ya chaŋ ti tuhi siliminsi ŋɔ.}} Ashanti yiŋ linjima tali daa nyɛla din labi yiɣisi zaŋ yi o nimohi ni siliminsi ŋɔ tuhibu polo. {{citation needed|date=December 2023}} O nini daa bi tiɣidobba ŋɔ niŋsim zaŋ chaŋ siliminsi tuhi polo. Yaa Asantewaa daa ŋmɛ paɣatali ni dotali naangbakpeeni ka kpaŋsi bipuɣinsi ni yiɣisi tuhi. Ashanti mini British salima nam kuɣu tobu ka lahi booni ni li "Yaa Asantewaa tobu"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2018/apr/05/queen-mother-yaa-asantewaa-led-fight-against-briti/?page=1|title=Queen-mother Yaa Asantewaa led the fight against British colonialism|first=Herb|last=Boyd|author-link=Herb Boyd|work=[[New York Amsterdam News]]|date=5 April 2018}}</ref> – daa nyɛla naa Nana Yaa Asantewaa ni gari tooni ni tob' bihi tusaanu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html|title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire|website=blackhistoryheroes.com|language=en|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref> == Tobu maa saha mini di nyaaŋa == [[File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|thumb|Duu maa daa nyela Yaa Asantuwa sarika niriba ni daa nyeli shem]] Di daa pilila nashaara goli March  yuuni 1900, tobu maa ni daa paai gbaŋpiɛla maa na Kumasi,  luɣshɛli bɛ ni daa saɣi n-deei. Zabili maa na kuli benimi hali ni zuŋɔ kamani Kumasi zaba mini linjima nima binyera duu. Chira a shɛm nyaaŋa,  Gold coast zuɣulana daa timila tobu bihi 1400 tobu maa ni. Zabili maa ni, Yaa Asantuwa mini ninvuɣi pia ni anu shɛba ban daa saɣisiri o _Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase, Nana Kwaku Duah, Nana Yaw Akoto, Nana Abena Nkyinkyim, Nana Osei Tutu II, Nana Adjei Kwaku, Nana Afia Kobi Serwaa Ampem, Nana Kofi Kumi, Nana Kwabena Nkyinkyim, Nana Okwan Nkyinkyim, Nana Agyeman Badu, Nana Ntiamoah, Nana Ababio, Nana Afia Nkyinkyim n ti pahi Nana Osei Bonsu _ be daa gbahi ba mi ka zaŋba n cheŋ ti bahi Seychelles. Amaa o saɣisiriba maa yuya daa bi kpe puuni litiricha kundu ŋan beni maa ni<ref>Berry, L. V., ''Ghana: a Country Study''.</ref> Tobu tuhiriba maa daa zanimi n ti bahigu tobu Anglo- Asante tobu din daa niŋ 19th century la. Lala liribu ŋɔ , Ashanti tobu bihi ban kalinli daa yaɣi tusa ayi ( 2000 ) daa kɔŋla be nyɛvuya ka British nima gba kamani ninvuɣi tuhili (1000) gba daa kɔŋ be nyɛvuya . Dini n daa nye nyɛvuya ni yi pam shelini Anglo-Ashanti tobu maa ni ka di daa niŋ la chira ayobu. Nashaara goli January dahinyini dali yuuni 1902. British daa ti bahi fa Empire sheŋa Ashanti nima maa ni daa su kamani yuun kobiga nyaaŋa, ka be lɛbigirila Ashanti nima maa British nam guriba<ref name="Boahen2003">{{cite book|last=Boahen|first=A. Adu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S4ALSvMlbzUC|title=Queen Yaa Asantewaa and the Asante-British War of 1900-1|publisher=James Currey Publishers|year=2003|isbn=978-0-85255-443-2}}</ref> Frederick Mitchell Hodgson daa zami ni Ashanti zaŋ mi bɛ salima kuɣu la nti ti o saha shɛli Ashanti nima ni daa saha n ti ni bɛ ku tooi di nasara Britain nim zuɣu. Salima Kua maa nyɛla din gaƔim ka mali dariza Ashanti tingbaŋ nyɛvuli ni tuun kurumbuni ha daa be nimaani n-ti paai yuun’ kɔbiga ayɔpɔin saha shɛli saha miriya ka bɛ daa kul mali chaŋ tiŋgbɔŋ maa. Kukɔɣili maa nyɛla zaɣ’ jilima mini zaɣ’ pinaayi din yɛliŋ mi miri ka naanyi ʒini di ʒini di zuɣusaa polo. Bɛ ni daa zaŋ salima kuɣ’ gahindili maa ti bahi ka bɛ naanyi zaŋ salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ti sɔɣi. 1920, Africa tiŋgbɔŋ niŋgbuŋ daa nyɛla salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ka bɛ daa ti tum tuun’ shɛŋa, ka bɛ daa naanyi zaŋ salima zuɣu n-kɔb’ bɛ ni ti bɛ niŋ salima zuɣ’ shɛŋa niri salima la. Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa kpila Seychelles nashaara goli October yuuni 1921. Yuma ata o kpibu nyaaŋa , nashaara goli December  beɣu pia ni ayopɔin yuuni 1924, Naa prempeh ŋun nye tuuli mini ninvuɣi sheba ban daa be Ashanti exiled kootu maa ni daa nyela soli ni be labina Ashanti. Naa Prempeh ŋun nye tuuli daa chɛmi ka Yaa Asantuwa mini ban daa pahi maa niŋgbuna n labina Ashanti ni be ti simsi ba.[15]. Queen Yaa Asantuwa teha zaŋ chɛŋ Asanti maŋ sulinsi deebu nye be ni daa baŋ sheli nashaara goli March yuuni 1957, din daa niŋ ka Ashanti yaɣa nima deei maŋsulinsi n pahi Ghana zuɣu.  Ghana n daa nye tuuli gbaŋsabila tiŋgbani ban di nasara ŋɔ maa[16] == Biehigu ni tuma n zaŋ ti Ashanti paɣaba == Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa gbaaila British sulinsi zalisi ' ramifications' maa. Ghana nima zuŋɔ nye o mi ka o nyela paɣadede ŋun zaŋ o siyaasa mini ninsalisili biehigu n suŋsi n gu ka taɣi o tingbani. O niŋsim maa daa kpehila Ashanti dabiba korusi ni tuhi British nima maa, di daa yina ni di mali bukaata ni o ni nye so maa.[17] == O zaashee zaŋ chaŋ yelttɔɣikura kaya ni taada yuli zalibu == Yaa Asantewaa na nyela ninvuɣi so be ni yu Ashanti yeɣili mini Ghana yaɣa pam zaŋ kpa kurumbuna lahabaya polo, o tuma daa nyela o zabirila British sulinsi. O nyela ŋun daa <nowiki>''immortalized''</nowiki> yilli sheli ŋan do gbunni ŋɔ puuni. Koo koo hin koo Yaa Asantewaa ee! Obaa basia Ogyina apremo ano ee! Waye be egyae Na Wabo mmode Ti yi yen lihi anfaabi nima zaŋ kpa bipuɣinsi tooni tali polo ti Ghana ŋɔ,  Yaa Asantuwa Girl's bikura shikuru daa zalila Kumasi yuuni 1960, ka di nyela Ghana baŋsim bobu yaɣili.[23] Yuuni 2000, bakoi yini chuɣu daa puhila Ghana ni di yi Yaa Asantuwa  nasara dibo n wuhi salo. Chuɣu ŋɔ puuni, museum daa dedicate mi n ti o la Kwaso din be Ejisu-Juaben yaɣili la ni nashaara goli August dabaa ata dali yuuni 2000. Nasara kalinsi, buɣim daa dila be yelikura maa sheŋa  o namda mini o tobu nema daa pahiya nashaara goli July yuuni 2004.(batakarikese) a ni nya sheli anfooni ŋan bɛ zuɣu saa maa ni maa.[24][25] Queen mother so ŋun na ʒi Ejisu gbana ŋɔ zuɣu nyela Yaa Asantuwa ŋun pahi ayi. Yaa Asantuwa chuɣu ŋan pahi ayi daa niŋla nashaara goli August dabisili yini zaŋ chaŋ dabaa anu yuuni 2006 Ejisu tiŋgbani ni.[26] Pumpoŋɔ boligu din daa boli ni be mɛ Yaa Asantuwa binkura biehigu shee Yaa Asantuwa senta din be Maida Vale, west London, nyela gbaŋsabila- Caribbean mebu mini tiŋa dema dug.[27] be daa zali li la yuuni 1986[28] ka zaŋ o yuli n bolili. Lala duu ŋɔ zanimi n ti ti kaya dema duu ni tiŋa ni laɣinsi ka di nyela di borimi ni de kpuɣi ti gbansabila tiŋgbani polo zuɣu saa UK tingbani ni. Niniyula kpandɔɣu puuni lahabaya Ivor Agyeman-Duah, ni yihi sheli na ka boli di yuli Yaa Asantuwa _.  Exile zuɣulana Prempeh mini Paɣa dede Gbansabila tiŋgbani puuni daa yihimi n wuhi salo la Ghana tiŋgbani ni yuuni2001.[29] Kundu shɛli be ni bol 'i stage show' ka di nyela Margaret Busby n daa sabi li : Yaa Asantuwa : paɣa tobituhira,  Geraldine Connor n daa lihiri ka di chena n zaŋ luŋ ŋmɛri biinga pahi Kofi Guanabara[30][31] be mini pan_ African cast, gili la UK ni Ghana yuuni 2001 zaŋ hali ni 2002[32][33] Walansi dema lala sasabira maa yaha daa pirimi ni yaɣa diba anu( nashaara goli October bieɣu pia ni ata zaŋ chaŋ bieɣu pia ni apɔin yuuni 2003) [34] BBC radio paɣaba  anahi saha daa beni n ti pahi Glenna Foster- Jones ni Jack Klaff, Pam Fraser Solomon n daa yuuni di zuɣu, ka Gbemisola Ikumelo, ni Nana Tsiboe, Kofi Adu,Jojo Yates , Asabre Quaye ni AtongoZimba.[35][36][37] Yuuni 2018 album din daa yina British jazz troupe bidibsi zaŋ ti kemet, Yi paɣa dede maa nyela 'Reptile ' n zaŋ gbansabilli paɣa yu zalibo kurumbuna maa ni n  boli yila . Yaa Asantuwa yuli n daa bɛ yilli ŋan pahi ayopɔin ni " My Queen is Yaa Asantuwa ". Yaa Asantuwa daa nyela duniya zaa ni daa mi so yela ka di nyela o kpaŋmaŋa zaŋ cheŋ paɣaba " rights mini freedom. Germany tiŋgbani ni be daa zaŋla o yuli n ti pini sheli ka di nyela be nintiɣili ni gbansabila tiŋgbani paɣaba kpaŋmaŋa == Kundivihira == <references /> [[Pubu: Lahabaya zaa]] [[Pubu:Paɣaba]] [[Pubu:Paɣa]] [[Pubu:Ninsala ŋun lahi ka o nyevuli ni]] nmf0oj0wugg0k7iq29g8zzy6sdo63el 116218 116213 2025-06-25T11:03:07Z Phasy GH 5787 Corrected a word 116218 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Bio}} [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu.jpg|thumb|Ya Asantewaa, Queen of Ejisu]] [[Lahabali kɔligu:Yaa Asantewaa Museum (4).jpg|thumb|Yaa Asantewaa Museum]] '''Yaa Asantewaa I''' ({{Circa}} 1840 – 17 ''[[October]]'' 1921) daa nyɛla Ejisu din be Ashanti Empire la napaɣa saha ŋɔ din pa nyɛla [[Ghana]] yaɣi shɛli.o tizodoo Nana Akwasi Afrane Okese n-daa nyɛ ŋun daa piigi o "Edwesuhene" bee Edwesu kpema. Yuuni 1900 pulini, ŋuna n-daa nyɛ ŋun gari tooni n-tuhi Kanbonsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ ni lahi m-booni salima kuɣu tɔbu(''War of the Golden Stool'') la, bee Yaa Asantewaa maŋsulinsi tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini ''British Empire'' ni daa tuhi la.<ref>[[Kwame Anthony Appiah|Appiah, Kwame Anthony]], and [[Henry Louis Gates, Jr.]] (eds), ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience'', 1999, p.{{nbsp}}276.</ref> == Taarihi == Bɛ daa dɔɣila la Yaa Asantewaa 1840 yuuni tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Besease Community Senior High School|Besease]] la. O laamba n-daa nyɛ Kwaku Ampoma mini Ata Po. O tizodoo, Afrane Panin, daa lebila naa n-zaŋ ti ''Edweso'' , tiŋ' din daa m-baɣi ba la. O daa kola binbira poli shɛli din m-baɣi tiŋ' din yuli booni Boankra la. O daa kuli la [[Kumasi|Kumahi]] doo, ka doo maa daa lee mali paɣa, ka bɛ daa dɔɣi bipuɣinbila.<ref name="dq">{{Cite web|last=Korsah, Chantal|date=22 July 2016|title=Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=20 February 2017|publisher=Dangerous Women}}</ref> Asantewaa daa kpila tiŋ' din yuli booni [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1921. O daa nyɛla pukpara dahimlana ka lahi nyɛ ma suŋ. O daa nyɛla baŋsim lana, siyaasa nira, ŋun zabiri salo hachinim zuɣu, napaɣa ka lahi nyɛ tɔbu toondana. Yaa Asantewaa yuli daa yila polo o ni daa nyɛ Ashanti nanim toondana ka bɛ tuhi salima kuɣu tɔbu maa zuɣu, Yaa Asantewaa tɔbu shɛli bɛ mini British nima ni daa tuhiri ni bi gu salima nam kuɣ' maa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nana Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|access-date=2020-01-11|website=nanayaaasantewaa.de|archive-date=2022-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411021631/http://nanayaaasantewaa.de/who-is-nana-yaa-asantewaa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Prelude to rebellion== Yaa Asantewaa tizodoo ŋun daa nyɛ o beli, Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase daa nyɛla ŋun za zaashe karili ka daa piigi Asantewaa n-leegi paɣa naa. Di daa nyɛla zaashe karili din mali yuli pam<ref>{{Cite web |title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire |url=https://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html |access-date=2024-11-05 |language=en}}</ref> dama o tuma n-daa nyɛ li ni o gu ka taɣi salima nam kuɣu, n-tiri ''[[Ashanti Region|Ashanti]]'' Naa saɣisigu, ka piiri niriba ban tu ni bɛ tooi lee nanima naa maa nyaaŋa. O tizodoo ŋɔ nam saha, Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla ŋun nya yɛla pam din niŋ ka mali barina ti bɛ sɔɣibiɛɣuni,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gold Coast: The Yaa Asantewaa War |url=https://vocal.media/history/the-gold-coast-the-yaa-asantewaa-war |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=History |language=en}}</ref> nti pahi tɔbu din daa ŋmɛ yuuni 1883 hali ni yuuni 1888.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-24 |title=Igboho and allegory of Asantehene golden stool |url=https://www.thecable.ng/igboho-and-allegory-of-asantehene-golden-stool |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Din daa niŋ ka o beli ŋɔ kpi yuuni 1894, Yaa Asantewaa daa zaŋ ya' shɛli o ni mali m-piigi o yaaŋa ka o leegi<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dangerouswomenproject.org/2016/07/22/yaa-asantewaa/|title=Yaa Asantewaa|date=2016-07-22|website=Dangerous Women Project|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> Ejisuhene. Di ni daa niŋ ka Britiishi kari o yaaŋa ŋɔ tahi [[Seychelles]] yuuni 1896, nti pahi Naa Prempeh I mini ninvuɣu shɛba Ashanti tiŋgbani ni, Yaa Asantewaa daa lee gbaŋlana ti Ejisu–Juaben yaɣili. Naa Prempeh{{nbsp}}I kari yihi nyaaŋa, Britiishi zuɣulana ti [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]], Frederick Hodgson, daa zami ni shee o deei bɛ salima nam kuɣu din nya simbuli Ashanti tiŋgbani.<ref name=dq/> Lala yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ maa daa che ka Ashanti niriba ban daa na beni laɣim ʒini ni bɛ tɔ jina zaŋ yi bɛ ni yɛn niŋ shɛm ka labisi bɛ naa na. Nangbakpeeni daa luna zaŋ yi bɛ ni niŋ shɛm. Yaa Asantewaa, ŋun daa be laɣingu ŋɔ ni, daa vaai yiɣisi zani ka di fiila ŋɔ: {{blockquote|Wula ka ninvuɣu kpɛma ni bidibsi ka mani Ashantinima yɛn ʒia yuuni ka siliminga kana ti gbuɣi bɛ nanima, ka dihi ba bi zaŋ yi bɛ ni bɔri bɛ salima nam kuɣu shɛm. Salima kuɣu nyɛla ariʒichi ti siliminsi ŋɔ bana; Bɛ gbi luɣili kam bɔri la di shee. Man' ku yo hali kobo janjani ti bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ. Di yi niŋ ka yi nanima ŋɔ yɛn be ka dabiɛma nima ka ku tuhi, din ŋuna paamiya yin chinchina na ŋɔ na ka dee n-pɛto.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12">{{Cite journal|last=Aidoo|first=Agnes Akosua|year=1977|title=Asante Queen Mothers in Government and Politics in the Nineteenth Century|journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria|volume=9|issue=1|page=12|jstor=41857049}}</ref>}} N-yɛn wuhi o nimohi zaŋ chaŋ tobu polo, Yaa Asantewaa daa darigi deei malifa luhi buɣim dobba ŋɔ tooni.<ref name="Aidoo1977p12" /> Yaa Asantewaa daa nyɛla Ashanti na shɛba ni ni piigi ni o lee toondana ʒi tob' bihi chaŋ tobu maa. Ŋɔ nyɛla tuuli ni di ko Ashanti taarihi ni ka bɛ ti paɣa lala soli. <ref>{{Cite journal|first=Arhin|last= Brempong|year=2000|title=The role of Nana Yaa Asantewaa in the 1900 Asante War of Resistance|url=http://people.ucalgary.ca/~taarn/LeGriot/article4.pdf|journal=Le Griot|volume= VIII|via=ucalgary.ca}}</ref> Yaa Asantewaa daa kpaŋsi ka nyɛm o niriba ŋɔ ni ni bɛ chaŋ ti tuhi Britiishinim' ŋɔ ni fiila ŋɔ: {{Blockquote|text=Ashanti bidib' kuma, ti nyɛla Britiishi zuɣulana ni bo vu karili ka di nyɛla o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu, din nya simbuli wuhiri Ashanti zaa nangban yini. Di bi yuui, siliminga ŋɔ daa kana ti ʒini ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni ka zaŋ kpɛŋ deei Ashanti ni di lee bɛ sulinsi. Di bi tu ni ti lahi tam ni naa Karikari saha, niriba ŋɔ daa lahi nyɛla ban ŋmɛ ti tobuhankali ni ku tooi deei, n-saɣim ti nayili ka nyo li buɣim bɛ ni daa va binshɛɣu kam yi dini naai. Bɛ zuɣulana ŋɔ daa gbahi ti Naa mini o nabihi ka so bi yaagi o noli. Zuŋɔ, o lahi labina ni o bɔri la ti salima nam kuɣu. Yi nim bidibsi ni dobba, ti tu ni kuli ʒi ka niŋdi ka mani binkobiri maa? Di tuya ni ti yiɣisi zab' ti maŋ zuɣu; din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ti ʒia ka siliminsi ban niya ti tiŋgbani ŋɔ ni kuli bɛ zu ariʒichi kana ti ku ti ka saɣim ti nɛma, ka lahi bɔri ni bɛ zu ti salima nam kuɣu. Yiɣisim ya! Ka ti gu ka taɣi ti salima nam kuɣu ka che siliminsi ŋɔ. Din mali anfaani ni ti kpi n-gari ni ti kuli be dablim ni saha kam. M mali ʒili n-gari tooni zaŋ ya chaŋ ti tuhi siliminsi ŋɔ.}} Ashanti yiŋ linjima tali daa nyɛla din labi yiɣisi zaŋ yi o nimohi ni siliminsi ŋɔ tuhibu polo. {{citation needed|date=December 2023}} O nini daa bi tiɣidobba ŋɔ niŋsim zaŋ chaŋ siliminsi tuhi polo. Yaa Asantewaa daa ŋmɛ paɣatali ni dotali naangbakpeeni ka kpaŋsi bipuɣinsi ni yiɣisi tuhi. Ashanti mini British salima nam kuɣu tobu ka lahi booni ni li "Yaa Asantewaa tobu"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2018/apr/05/queen-mother-yaa-asantewaa-led-fight-against-briti/?page=1|title=Queen-mother Yaa Asantewaa led the fight against British colonialism|first=Herb|last=Boyd|author-link=Herb Boyd|work=[[New York Amsterdam News]]|date=5 April 2018}}</ref> – daa nyɛla naa Nana Yaa Asantewaa ni gari tooni ni tob' bihi tusaanu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html|title=Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa of West Africa's Ashanti Empire|website=blackhistoryheroes.com|language=en|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref> == Tobu maa saha mini di nyaaŋa == [[File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yaa_Asantewaa's_Cell.jpg|thumb|Duu maa daa nyela Yaa Asantuwa sarika niriba ni daa nyeli shem]] Di daa pilila nashaara goli March  yuuni 1900, tobu maa ni daa paai gbaŋpiɛla maa na Kumasi,  luɣshɛli bɛ ni daa saɣi n-deei. Zabili maa na kuli benimi hali ni zuŋɔ kamani Kumasi zaba mini linjima nima binyera duu. Chira a shɛm nyaaŋa,  Gold coast zuɣulana daa timila tobu bihi 1400 tobu maa ni. Zabili maa ni, Yaa Asantuwa mini ninvuɣi pia ni anu shɛba ban daa saɣisiri o _Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase, Nana Kwaku Duah, Nana Yaw Akoto, Nana Abena Nkyinkyim, Nana Osei Tutu II, Nana Adjei Kwaku, Nana Afia Kobi Serwaa Ampem, Nana Kofi Kumi, Nana Kwabena Nkyinkyim, Nana Okwan Nkyinkyim, Nana Agyeman Badu, Nana Ntiamoah, Nana Ababio, Nana Afia Nkyinkyim n ti pahi Nana Osei Bonsu _ be daa gbahi ba mi ka zaŋba n cheŋ ti bahi Seychelles. Amaa o saɣisiriba maa yuya daa bi kpe puuni litiricha kundu ŋan beni maa ni<ref>Berry, L. V., ''Ghana: a Country Study''.</ref> Tobu tuhiriba maa daa zanimi n ti bahigu tobu Anglo- Asante tobu din daa niŋ 19th century la. Lala liribu ŋɔ , Ashanti tobu bihi ban kalinli daa yaɣi tusa ayi ( 2000 ) daa kɔŋla be nyɛvuya ka British nima gba kamani ninvuɣi tuhili (1000) gba daa kɔŋ be nyɛvuya . Dini n daa nye nyɛvuya ni yi pam shelini Anglo-Ashanti tobu maa ni ka di daa niŋ la chira ayobu. Nashaara goli January dahinyini dali yuuni 1902. British daa ti bahi fa Empire sheŋa Ashanti nima maa ni daa su kamani yuun kobiga nyaaŋa, ka be lɛbigirila Ashanti nima maa British nam guriba<ref name="Boahen2003">{{cite book|last=Boahen|first=A. Adu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S4ALSvMlbzUC|title=Queen Yaa Asantewaa and the Asante-British War of 1900-1|publisher=James Currey Publishers|year=2003|isbn=978-0-85255-443-2}}</ref> Frederick Mitchell Hodgson daa zami ni Ashanti zaŋ mi bɛ salima kuɣu la nti ti o saha shɛli Ashanti nima ni daa saha n ti ni bɛ ku tooi di nasara Britain nim zuɣu. Salima Kua maa nyɛla din gaƔim ka mali dariza Ashanti tingbaŋ nyɛvuli ni tuun kurumbuni ha daa be nimaani n-ti paai yuun’ kɔbiga ayɔpɔin saha shɛli saha miriya ka bɛ daa kul mali chaŋ tiŋgbɔŋ maa. Kukɔɣili maa nyɛla zaɣ’ jilima mini zaɣ’ pinaayi din yɛliŋ mi miri ka naanyi ʒini di ʒini di zuɣusaa polo. Bɛ ni daa zaŋ salima kuɣ’ gahindili maa ti bahi ka bɛ naanyi zaŋ salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ti sɔɣi. 1920, Africa tiŋgbɔŋ niŋgbuŋ daa nyɛla salima kukɔɣili maa zuɣu ka bɛ daa ti tum tuun’ shɛŋa, ka bɛ daa naanyi zaŋ salima zuɣu n-kɔb’ bɛ ni ti bɛ niŋ salima zuɣ’ shɛŋa niri salima la. Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa kpila Seychelles nashaara goli October yuuni 1921. Yuma ata o kpibu nyaaŋa , nashaara goli December  beɣu pia ni ayopɔin yuuni 1924, Naa prempeh ŋun nye tuuli mini ninvuɣi sheba ban daa be Ashanti exiled kootu maa ni daa nyela soli ni be labina Ashanti. Naa Prempeh ŋun nye tuuli daa chɛmi ka Yaa Asantuwa mini ban daa pahi maa niŋgbuna n labina Ashanti ni be ti simsi ba.[15]. Queen Yaa Asantuwa teha zaŋ chɛŋ Asanti maŋ sulinsi deebu nye be ni daa baŋ sheli nashaara goli March yuuni 1957, din daa niŋ ka Ashanti yaɣa nima deei maŋsulinsi n pahi Ghana zuɣu.  Ghana n daa nye tuuli gbaŋsabila tiŋgbani ban di nasara ŋɔ maa[16] == Biehigu ni tuma n zaŋ ti Ashanti paɣaba == Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa gbaaila British sulinsi zalisi ' ramifications' maa. Ghana nima zuŋɔ nye o mi ka o nyela paɣadede ŋun zaŋ o siyaasa mini ninsalisili biehigu n suŋsi n gu ka taɣi o tingbani. O niŋsim maa daa kpehila Ashanti dabiba korusi ni tuhi British nima maa, di daa yina ni di mali bukaata ni o ni nye so maa.[17] == O zaashee zaŋ chaŋ yelttɔɣikura kaya ni taada yuli zalibu == Yaa Asantewaa na nyela ninvuɣi so be ni yu Ashanti yeɣili mini Ghana yaɣa pam zaŋ kpa kurumbuna lahabaya polo, o tuma daa nyela o zabirila British sulinsi. O nyela ŋun daa <nowiki>''immortalized''</nowiki> yilli sheli ŋan do gbunni ŋɔ puuni. Koo koo hin koo Yaa Asantewaa ee! Obaa basia Ogyina apremo ano ee! Waye be egyae Na Wabo mmode Ti yi yen lihi anfaabi nima zaŋ kpa bipuɣinsi tooni tali polo ti Ghana ŋɔ,  Yaa Asantuwa Girl's bikura shikuru daa zalila Kumasi yuuni 1960, ka di nyela Ghana baŋsim bobu yaɣili.[23] Yuuni 2000, bakoi yini chuɣu daa puhila Ghana ni di yi Yaa Asantuwa  nasara dibo n wuhi salo. Chuɣu ŋɔ puuni, museum daa dedicate mi n ti o la Kwaso din be Ejisu-Juaben yaɣili la ni nashaara goli August dabaa ata dali yuuni 2000. Nasara kalinsi, buɣim daa dila be yelikura maa sheŋa  o namda mini o tobu nema daa pahiya nashaara goli July yuuni 2004.(batakarikese) a ni nya sheli anfooni ŋan bɛ zuɣu saa maa ni maa.[24][25] Queen mother so ŋun na ʒi Ejisu gbana ŋɔ zuɣu nyela Yaa Asantuwa ŋun pahi ayi. Yaa Asantuwa chuɣu ŋan pahi ayi daa niŋla nashaara goli August dabisili yini zaŋ chaŋ dabaa anu yuuni 2006 Ejisu tiŋgbani ni.[26] Pumpoŋɔ boligu din daa boli ni be mɛ Yaa Asantuwa binkura biehigu shee Yaa Asantuwa senta din be Maida Vale, west London, nyela gbaŋsabila- Caribbean mebu mini tiŋa dema dug.[27] be daa zali li la yuuni 1986[28] ka zaŋ o yuli n bolili. Lala duu ŋɔ zanimi n ti ti kaya dema duu ni tiŋa ni laɣinsi ka di nyela di borimi ni de kpuɣi ti gbansabila tiŋgbani polo zuɣu saa UK tingbani ni. Niniyula kpandɔɣu puuni lahabaya Ivor Agyeman-Duah, ni yihi sheli na ka boli di yuli Yaa Asantuwa _.  Exile zuɣulana Prempeh mini Paɣa dede Gbansabila tiŋgbani puuni daa yihimi n wuhi salo la Ghana tiŋgbani ni yuuni2001.[29] Kundu shɛli be ni bol 'i stage show' ka di nyela Margaret Busby n daa sabi li : Yaa Asantuwa : paɣa tobituhira,  Geraldine Connor n daa lihiri ka di chena n zaŋ luŋ ŋmɛri biinga pahi Kofi Guanabara[30][31] be mini pan_ African cast, gili la UK ni Ghana yuuni 2001 zaŋ hali ni 2002[32][33] Walansi dema lala sasabira maa yaha daa pirimi ni yaɣa diba anu( nashaara goli October bieɣu pia ni ata zaŋ chaŋ bieɣu pia ni apɔin yuuni 2003) [34] BBC radio paɣaba  anahi saha daa beni n ti pahi Glenna Foster- Jones ni Jack Klaff, Pam Fraser Solomon n daa yuuni di zuɣu, ka Gbemisola Ikumelo, ni Nana Tsiboe, Kofi Adu,Jojo Yates , Asabre Quaye ni AtongoZimba.[35][36][37] Yuuni 2018 album din daa yina British jazz troupe bidibsi zaŋ ti kemet, Yi paɣa dede maa nyela 'Reptile ' n zaŋ gbansabilli paɣa yu zalibo kurumbuna maa ni n  boli yila . Yaa Asantuwa yuli n daa bɛ yilli ŋan pahi ayopɔin ni " My Queen is Yaa Asantuwa ". Yaa Asantuwa daa nyela duniya zaa ni daa mi so yela ka di nyela o kpaŋmaŋa zaŋ cheŋ paɣaba " rights mini freedom. Germany tiŋgbani ni be daa zaŋla o yuli n ti pini sheli ka di nyela be nintiɣili ni gbansabila tiŋgbani paɣaba kpaŋmaŋa == Kundivihira == <references /> [[Pubu: Lahabaya zaa]] [[Pubu:Paɣaba]] [[Pubu:Paɣa]] [[Pubu:Ninsala ŋun lahi ka o nyevuli ni]] mwlrcga8koyb6sy144icvt9raary676 0 32315 116206 116171 2025-06-25T01:46:28Z Tunteeya1 5942 Corrected a spelling errors 116206 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bio}} [[Lahabali kɔligu:King Asantehene Osei Tutu II of Ashanti-Asanteman.jpg|thumb|'''King Asantehene Osei Tutu II of Ashanti-Asanteman''']] [[Lahabali kɔligu:Ashanti King Otumfour Osei Tutu II.jpg|thumb|'''Ashanti King Otumfour Osei Tutu II''']] '''Osei Kofi Tutu I''' ({{Circa|1660}} – {{Circa|1717}}) nyɛla ŋun daa pahi Ninvuɣu shɛba ban daa piligi [[Kambɔnsili|Ashanti Empire]] ka ŋun daa sɔŋ n-nyɛ [[Okomfo Anokye]], o buɣilana. O nyɛla ŋun daa gari tooni n-zaŋ Ashante nima n-daa tuhi Denkyira, "regional hegemon" ka daa nya nasara bɛ zuɣu, yuuni 1701 tɔbu shɛli be ni daa boli "battle of feyiase" la ŋuna n-daa nyɛ Naa n-zaŋ n-ti Kwaman State bin din gbaai yuuni 1680 mini yuuni 1701 n-ti pahi Ashanti Empire, bin din gbaai yuuni 1701 zaŋ hali ni yuuni 1717. O ni daa nyɛ Kanbonsi zaa Naa, o nyɛla ŋun daa zaŋ Akan tiŋsi n-laɣim taba ka nyɛ ŋun daa piligi kariŋ zɔna zaŋ n-ti gominanti ka di nyɛ din daa beni kamani yuun' kɔbishii zuɣu. == Piligu biɛhigu == === Dɔɣim === Osei Kofi Tutu Opemsoo nyɛla bɛ ni daa dɔɣi so c.yuuni 1660 tiŋa yuli booni [[Kokofu Anyinam]] ka di nyɛ din be [[Ashanti Region]] din bɛ Ghana.<ref name="GNA">{{cite web|title=Birthplace of Opensuo cited as potential Tourist Site|url=https://gna.org.gh/2020/08/birthplace-of-opemsuo-cited-as-potential-tourist-attraction-site/|access-date=7 May 2025|publisher=Ghana News Agency}}</ref> O ba n-daa nyɛ Owusu Panyin, Akan bilichini ŋun daa yina Nyameani.{{sfn|Wilks|1993|p=102}} ka o ma mi daa nyɛla Maanu Kotosii ŋun daa nyɛ Omanhene n-zaŋ nti Kwaaman Oti Akenten tizopaɣa mini ŋun daa deegi o Obiri Yeboa.<ref name = Marfo>Marfo, Kofi (1999). ''An Introduction to Ghanaian Literature''. str. 48. "Osei Tutu was born of an Adanse father called Owusu Panyin from Akrokyere and of an Oyoko princess and sister of Oti Akenten called Maanu Kotosii."</ref><ref name = OxfordDAB>{{Cite book |last=Sapong |first=Nana Yaw B. |chapter=Tutu, Osei (1650–1717) |date=2011-01-01 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195382075_6/page/86/mode/2up |title=Dictionary of African Biography|editor-first=Henry Louis |editor-last=Gates|editor-link=Henry Louis Gates|editor2=[[Emmanuel Akyeampong]]|editor3=Steven J. Niven |access-date= 6 May 2025 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |page = 85-6 |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}}</ref> Lahabali nyɛla din daa wuhi ni Osei Tutu ma nyɛla ŋun daa bi dɔɣira, ka o ma Obiri Yeboa nyɛ ŋun daa zaŋ o chaŋ buɣili ni din yuli booni Otutu ŋɔ ka di daa nyɛ din be Akuapem.<ref name = OxfordDAB/> Din daa niŋ ka Kotosii daa ti dɔɣi bia, o daa boli o la Tutu, o daa zaŋ la buɣili maa yuli maa n-zaŋ n-ti bia maa yuli.<ref name = Pavanello>{{Cite book |last=Pavanello |first=Mariano |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bDglDwAAQBAJ |title=Perspectives on African Witchcraft |date=2016-12-08 |publisher=Taylor & Francis| p= 28-29|isbn=978-1-315-43991-4 |language=en}}</ref> Pirim la Akan nima ni nyɛla ban diri mayili fali la zuɣu, Osei Tutu n-nyɛ ŋun daa di Kwaaman nam fali.<ref name = OxfordDAB/> === Saha shɛli puuni o ni daa na m be Denkyira kootu puuni === Lahabali biɛla n-nyɛ din beni n zaŋ n-ti Osei Tutu bilim ni ka lala lahabali ŋɔ nyɛ saha shɛli o ni daa paai yuuni pinaayɔbu, yuun' shɛli Akan dabba ni daa lɛbiri dabba. O ŋahiba, Oti Akenten nyɛla ŋun daa zaŋ o n-tahi Abankeseso, tiŋzuɣu zaŋ n-ti [[Denkyiraman]].{{sfn|Wilks|1993|p=103}} Dinbɔŋɔ nyɛla din daa bi niŋ alahiʒiba dama Denkyira nyɛla ŋun daa tu ni o bɔhim nam maa yɛltɔɣa, dini n-daa lahi yɛn chɛ ka o bɔhim "''statecraft''" mini soojanima tɔbu tuhibu baŋsim.<ref name = Pavanello/><ref name = OxfordDAB/> O tuma maa puuni shɛli bɛ daa ti chɛ ka o leeigi "shield-bearer" n zaŋ n-ti Denkyirahene.{{sfn|Reindorf|1895|p=48}} O nyɛla ŋun daa gahim n yi o konko ka che Sehwi niriba maa amaa ka nyɛ ŋun daa yiɣisi Naa Boamponsem suhi dini daa niŋ ka o zaɣisi ni o ku zaŋ li n-ti o.{{sfn|Wilks|1993|p=104}} === Nyaan'zubo mini zo n chaŋ Akwamu === Noli lahabali taarihi nyɛla din wuhi ni Osei Tutu nyɛla ŋun daa viɛlli pam. O daa pili biehigu ni o tizopaɣa zaŋ Denkyirahene tizopaɣa nabipuɣigi ŋun yuli daa booni (''Ohene nuabaa'') Akobena Abensua. <ref name = Pavanello/> Lahabali shɛli nyɛla din wuhi ni o mini Napaɣa zaŋ n-ti Nkawie, Adoma Akosua n-daa nyɛ ban daa laɣiri taba.{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=18}} Di nyɛla din daa niŋ ninmohi din daa niŋ ka Nabipuɣingi ŋɔ daa ti zali tahima ka ŋuma ŋuma nyɛ din daa yina wuhiri lala bia ŋɔ ba ni nyɛ so. Di dabiɛm zuɣu Osei Tutu daa nyɛla ŋun daa yi n labi Akwamu.<ref name = Pavanello/><ref name = OxfordDAB/> === O ni daa na m be Akwamu === O ni daa paai Akwamu kootu zaŋ n-ti Ansa Saseraku I din be Akwamufie, bɛ nyɛla ban daa taɣi bɛ nuhi ayi n deegi o ka di daliri nyɛla o viɛllim zuɣu,<ref name = Pavanello/> bee o ni daa tabi Denkyira la zuɣu.<ref name = OxfordDAB/> Osei Tutu nyɛla ŋun daa bɔhim soojanima tɔbu tuhibu baŋsim Akwamu, ban nyɛ ban daa mi lala soojanima ŋɔ tɔbu tuhibu baŋsim pam Akan state, ka nyɛ ban daa mali yaa pam n zaŋ n-ti musketmen.{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=10}} Neesim nyɛla din kani wuhiri ni Osei Tutu nyɛla ŋun daa laɣim ni Okomfo Anokye. Di ni tooi daa nyɛla Denkyira ka Anokye nyɛ ŋun daa chaŋ n-ti pahi Osei Tutu sani Kwaman,{{sfn|Reindorf|1895|p=50}} bee bɛ daa laɣim la Akwamu.<ref name = Pavanello/><ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=McCaskie |first=T. C. |date=1986 |title=Komfo Anokye of Asante: Meaning, History and Philosophy in an African Society |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/181138 |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=315–339 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700036690 |jstor=181138 |s2cid=145530470 |issn=0021-8537|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Amaa saha shɛli Osei Tutu ni daa yi Akwamu, bɛ niriba ayi ŋɔ nyɛla ban daa pun laɣim n daa leei zori ni taba.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Okomfo Anokye|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Okomfo-Anokye |access-date=2022-03-26 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> ==O ni nyɛ Kwamanhene== Kwamanhene daa nyɛla ŋun kpuɣi niya ni o ʒi taɣibu pam na o ʒileli ni, ka daa lihi niriba ban daa miri o kamani Denkyira mini Akwamu ka di kpaŋasiri o.<ref name = Pavanello/><ref name = OxfordDAB/>{{sfn|Chazan|1988|p=65}} O niya daa nyɛla o kpa linjimannima ban mali yaa, ka daa lahi laɣimba ka bɛ niŋ zaɣi yini.{{sfn|Chazan|1988|p=73}} Taɣibunima{{Further|Military of the Ashanti Empire}} Osei Tutu daa zaŋla binyɛr'shɛŋa din yɛn kpaŋsi biɛhigu pahi. Afotosanfoɔ n daa nyɛ ŋun sɔŋdi nam maa ni liɣiri.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nyantakyi |last2= Ampene |first2 = Kwasi| first1 = Nana Kwadwo |date=2016 |title=Engaging Modernity: Asante in the Twenty-First Century |url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/maize/14689915.0001.001/1:20/--engaging-modernity-asante-in-the-twenty-first-century?rgn=div1;view=fulltext |journal=Maize Books |language=en |doi=10.3998/maize.14689915.0001.001|isbn=978-1-60785-366-4 |doi-access=free |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Asokwa Batahene n daa guri li, Adwumfuohene ŋun daa nyɛ machela, ni Sanaa gba daa lahi nyɛla ŋun daa be liɣiri sɔŋsim ni.{{sfn|Hagan|1971|p=45}} Gyase daa nyɛla ŋun tumdi tuma nayili maa.{{sfn|Hagan|1971|p=49}} Osei Tutu daa nyɛla ŋun zaŋ dɛma taɣi Kwaman nam linjima nam maa, ka taɣa Denkyira linjima biɛhigu.<ref name = Pavanello/> O daa namla linjimanim kparobɔɣiri ayopɔin, ka waligi ka che naama din daa pun beni. Linjimanima ban daa ʒi kuɣu maa zuɣu n daa gari tooni ka di niŋ: linjima kpamba ban daa beni, doo (adonten), ŋun daa tumdi tiri naa maa (gyase), (kyidom), ŋun daa za nuzaa polo (benkum), ŋun daa za nudirigu polo (nifa), ni kpem ŋun daa pahiri ayi (akwamuhene).{{sfn|Chazan|1988|p=74}}{{sfn|Hagan|1971|p=44}} Osei Tutu daa lahi bo ban pe n-gili Akwamu musketmen, ni ban daa lahi be Oyoko zuiyanim ni.{{sfn|Arhin|1967|p=68-9}} === Yɛligibu === Lala taɣibunim ŋɔ ni daa pili, Osei Tutu daa niŋ nimmohi ni o yɛligi o tiŋgbani. O ni daa zaŋ yuma ata mali shili naai, o daa chaŋmi n-ti liri Dormaa ka daa tuhi nyaŋba.{{sfn|Reindorf|1895|p=50}}{{sfn|Wilks|1993|p=105}} Zaŋ hali ka 1680s daa ti naai, o daa lahi laɣim Tafo, Kaase, [[Offinso]], Sehwi ni Anakrom, ka zaŋ o talahinima n ti ban nyɛ Oyoko nim tiŋgbani ni 'Amantoo' tinsi ni - Kokofu, Nsuta, Bekwai, Juaben, n-ti pahi Mampong.<ref name="OxfordDAB2">{{Cite book|last=Sapong|first=Nana Yaw B.|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195382075_6/page/86/mode/2up|title=Dictionary of African Biography|date=2011-01-01|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5|editor-last=Gates|editor-first=Henry Louis|editor-link=Henry Louis Gates|page=85-6|language=en|chapter=Tutu, Osei (1650–1717)|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001|access-date=6 May 2025|editor2=[[Emmanuel Akyeampong]]|editor3=Steven J. Niven}}</ref>{{sfn|Chazan|1988|p=66}}{{sfn|Arhin|1967|p=68-9}} Osei Tutu's niya daa nyami ni o yɛligi bilichiinsi n ti sokam, ka bɛ doli bɛ so ni pii shɛli - dina n daa ti niŋ talahi pam Asante zalisi ni.{{sfn|Reindorf|1895|p=51}} Denkyira nahingiu saha, daabiligu daa bi yɛligi pam bɛ zuliya ni. Zaŋ chaŋ 1690s sunsuuni Kwaman daa mali shili ni bɛ tuhi bɛ naa maa.{{sfn|Fynn|1974|p=5}}<ref name="EAHC">{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of African History and Culture (vol III)|date=2005|publisher=Facts on File|editor1-last=Page|editor1-first=Willie|location=New York|page=216|editor2-last=Davis|editor2-first=R. Hunt}}</ref> Kwaman yaa daa nyɛla niriba ni baŋ shɛli yɛla. ==Asante nagbanyini niŋbu== Kwaman ni daa fa Dormaa daa nyɛla sɔŋsim n-ti Denkyirahe niNtim Gjakari, di ni daa niŋ ka tiŋmgbana di tuhiri maa zaa nyɛ Denkyira nim maa.{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=11}} Di lahi yina n-nyɛ Osei Tutu daa bola gubu n-ti Oduro Agyensamoo zaŋti Assin yaɣili, bɛ ni daa bɔri do' so Abankeseso ni bɛ bɔhi binshɛɣu din niŋ Denkyirahene Boamponsem kpibu ni.{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=12}} Ka labi mali Osei Tutu tumtumsa zali ni o yaa polo, Gyakari daa ti niriba Kwaman. o ni daa bori shƐm n-nyɛ: * Salima pam * nyingokɔriti, binshɛɣu din nyɛ kali bini ka wuhiri ni paɣa filim o maŋ ti o yidana * Osei Tutu bihi puuni yino ddebu * Osei Tutu mini o kpa,mabaliba piigi bɛ paɣaba yino-yino n-ti Abankeseso{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=12}}{{sfn|Fynn|1974|p=5}} Asante zalisi yi daa zalimi ni tuhi Denkyira beei ka lala, Denkyirahene ni daa labisi shɛm ni, tɔbu maa nyaaŋa din yɛn niŋ bi yi polo, amaa bɛ niya daa kuli nyɛla yim. Oyoko nanim ban daa laɣiu daa zaɣisi lala turi ŋɔ, ka daa va kuɣa pali kpalinsi maa ka di pa salimanima.{{sfn|Reindorf|1895|p=53}}{{sfn|Fynn|1974|p=5}} Osei Tutu daa na maagi o maŋa ka Denkyira bɛri bɔhibu daa nyɛla di laɣim Amantoo zuliyanim o nam ni.{{sfn|Arhin|1967|p=68-9}} O daa moliya ni Onyeame buɣili puhi o la tuun kara: ni o laɣim Asante. Anokye alizama noi wuhi shɛm, binshɛŋa din daa yina sagbana ni, sagban sabila ni, ni pɔhim din daa chani ka ʒiri tankpaɣu, salima kuɣu din daa chani ka di yaɣili nyɛ salima. Di daa lula Osei Tutu naba tiŋli. Lala kuɣu ŋɔ malila sunsum (shia/nyevuli) zaŋti Ashanti tiŋgbani, ni bɛ yaa, alaafee, haŋkali zinli, ni bɛri-suŋ.{{sfn|Wilks|1993|p=115}}{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=20}}{{sfn|Chazan|1988|p=70}} Osei Tutu daa leei Asantehene, ni kpɛm zaŋti Amantoo tiŋgbana.<ref name="EAHC" />{{sfn|Chazan|1988|p=73}} Osei Tutu daa bo tiŋzuɣu zaɣ'palli n-ti Asante Confederation, tiŋ shɛli bɛ ni boli [[Kumasi]], bɛ ni zaŋ "kum tia shɛli yuli boli" Tutu ni daa ʒini ti'shɛli gbunni ka gbaai shaawara ni di zali.<ref name="OxfordDAB" /><ref name="EAHC" /> ŋuna n daa lahi pili Odwira chuɣu, din nyɛ nyuli dibu chuɣu ka laɣimdi Kumasi ka bɛ ŋmeri nupuɣu tiri Asantehene, ka kuri zaba, ka kpaŋsiri suhudoo Asante yaɣili.{{sfn|Arhin|1967|p=82}} == Bɛ tɔbu tuhibu ni Denkyira == ===Denkyiran Defections=== Osei Tutu mini Anokye daa pili taba feebu kampeei, ka mɔri ni bɛ gbahi Denkyrian tɔbu bihi. Anokye daa ŋmela nyɔɣu ni o tima nyɛla din yɛn tooi taɣi Denkyiran tɔbu tuhiriba haŋkaya ka bɛ taɣi yaaɣili.{{sfn|Wilks|1993|p=111}} Lahabali wuhiya ni tiŋ shɛli ban daa daŋ yaɣili taɣibu n daa nyɛ Ntim Gyakari n daa taɣi labi Osei Tutu yaɣili ban daa nyɛ Abooso niriba.{{sfn|Wilks|1993|p=111}} Abooso daa nyɛla tiŋa din be Adanse Akrokeri yaɣili ka bɛ booni bam be din ni ''Bontwumafo'' -yaɣi-ʒeei yaɣilinima. Di ni daa niŋ ka bɛ yoiɣisi Denkyirahene suhu Adanse yaɣili fabu saha, bɛ daa galimba ni bɛ ni salinima kɔri mali buɣa ni yi ti noiŋ ka ŋun yina nam zuliya ni kpi. Bɛ daa booni ba la tankpa-ʒɛɣu ni nima di daa yi ti niŋ ka bɛ yɛn zaŋba mali buɣa, bɛ daa yi malila bɛ ʒim gariti tankpaɣu ka mali ʒɛri kpiimba maa. Di ni daa niŋ ka Ntim Gyakari ma, Akobena Abensua, daa ti gbaai doro din daa dam o haŋkali, Bontwumafo mini ban daa be lala yaɣili maa daa chaŋya ni bɛ ti bo faako Osei Tutu sani Kumasi. Bɛ daa niŋba maraaba ka lahi ti ba tiŋgbani, ka bɛ daa lahi ti bɛ kpamba zaashɛhi Asante nam ni.{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=14-16}} Di ni daa yi polo ni wuhi ni Bontwumafo daa nyɛla Osei Tutu ni deei so, ban gba daa pahi be Denkyira pam daa doli nyaaŋa. Anwianwia mini Asabi laɣinsi, ban daa zaɣisiri Gyakari sulinsi, daa mali ʒini Ahafo. Awu Dawu, niriba ban daa tumdi tiri Denkyirahene, nyɛla bɛ ni daa yihi shɛba ka zaŋ ba ti Amankwatia, shɛba daa lahi chaŋ Denkyiran ŋun daa pa nyɛ kpɛma n zaŋti Kontihene mini Bantamahene.{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=16}} Ban gba daa lahi yina Ntim Gyakari kja nyɛ tumtumdiba ka bɛ kariba daa nyɛla Akwadan mini Nuamoa niriba, gbe-pɛbiriba toondana zaŋti Denkyirahene. Bɛ daa kana Kumase sani ni bɛ salima-gberi mini bɛ nyaandoliba. Bɛ daa lahi labi ʒini Akuropon ka bɛ daa naan yi ti zaŋ ba labi na Kumasi di ni daa nIŋ ka Osei Tutu daa nam Asokwa kuɣu n zaŋ ti ba ni di sɔŋsi ka bɛ be o daabihi ni ka lahi be o gbe-pɛbiriba ni.{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=17}} Lala n lahi nyɛli, Denkyirahene dali-ŋmɛrra gba daa lahi zo n-kuli Osei Tutu sani ni o tizopaɣa mini o nyaandoliba tuhili.{{sfn|Wilks|1993|p=111}}{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=16-7}} Osei Tutu daa piigi o Nkukuwafohene. Niriba mini tinsi pam daa taɣi yaɣili.{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=16-7}} Aboabo, tiŋ'shɛli din daa miri Oda River, nyɛla luɣ'shɛli bɛ ni daa deei Denkyirahene tɔbu tiuhiriba ban daa gbubi bɛ tɔbiri nɛma din guba (''Akyamfuo''). Zali daa lu bɛ mini Akyamfuo tinkpanbihi sunsuuni, ka tinkpannima daa ku lala tɔb'bihi ŋɔ shɛba. Ntim Gyakari daa gahi nuu boli tiŋkpannima maa ni bɛ kana. Tinkpannima daa suhi ya bo faabahi, ka yɛli ni lala niriba ŋɔ nyɛla ban daa zu ba. Naa maa daa yɛliya ni bɛ kum bɛ mini bɛ daŋ zaa. Tinkpannima maa mini ban daa miri Aboabo zaa daa zoya kuli Asante. Shɛba daa labi bɛ biɛhisi sheei ka suhi Denkyriahene ni o che m-paŋba, amaa ka o daa ku ba.{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=19}} Ban daa taɣi biɛhisi sheei maa pam n daa nyɛ ‘Inkwayulaes bee Nkawie niriba, bɛ yibu maa daa nyɛla din labisi Denkyira nyaaŋa. Nkawie, maali pishi zaŋ yi north yaɣili Abankeseso, n daa nyɛ tiŋ din gba kpa talahi pahi buyi ka be Denkyira yaɣili. Denkyirahene ŋun daa su kuɣu maa yaa n daa gbubi lala yaɣili ŋɔ. Di paɣaba kuɣu gba nyɛla Denkyirahene ŋahinsi ni daa su shɛli, paɣaba ban daa yɛn tooi niŋ na'paɣa n-ti Denkyira. Yuuni 1694, di ni daa niŋ ka King Boa Amponsem I kpi n naai, Ntim Gyakari daa di nasara Asenso Kufuor zuɣu zabili ni. Ntim Gyakari daa gbaai Asenso Kufuor mini o tizopaɣa Adoma ban daa be Abankeseso n-niŋ o sulinsi ni. Still, Asenso Kufuor daa bɔhi o suhi labi Osei Tutu polo ka zo n-tili labi Kwaaman.O ni daa nyɛ ŋu gba ni tooi deei Denkyirahene mini Gyakari yaa maa zuɣu, o daa chanimi ni o kpambaliba mini o salima nim ni o nyaandoliba zaa.{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=17-9}} ===Zabili=== Zaŋ kana Anashaara goli November yuuni 1698, zabili daa niŋ bayana. Wassa, Twifo, ni Aowin daa pahi Asante nim ni ka bɛ mɔŋ Denkyiran ka bɛ ku lahi tooi nya tɔb'bina Europe daabihi ban niŋdi daabiligu bɛ teeku yaɣili.{{sfn|Fynn|1974|p=5}} Denkyira, gba nyɛla [[Dutch Gold Coast|Dutch]] mini ŋun daa nyɛ Dampong naa ni daa sɔŋdi shɛba.{{sfn|Reindorf|1895|p=53}} Akyem, daa naai noli ni Denkyira, ka liri Asante nim ban daa be Akwamu, ka daa tuhi ni yuuni 1699.{{sfn|Fynn|1974|p=5}} Denkyiran zab'zabiriba maa daa tuui di nasara. Tobiri din daa tuhi Adunku, Aputuogya, ni Abuontem, Ntim Gyakari daa moya n labisi Asante tɔb'tuhiriba bɛ biɛhigu sheei. Maali yini zaŋ chaŋ Aputuogya "north" polo o daa chirigi Osei Tutu nirba ban daa nyɛ bɛ ni zaŋ shɛba zali Feyiase, luɣ'shɛli Asante ni daa di nasara.{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=3}} Bɛ ni daa gbahiba naai, saha shɛŋa, bɛ ni daa ku shɛba daa nyɛla Ntim Gyakari. Dwaben Asafo (Dwaben yaɣili din nyɛ Amantoo linjimanima ka Dwabenhene maŋmaŋa daa nyɛ bɛ toondana) daa nyɛ ka Gyakari tɔri salima wali ni o paɣa, ka bɛ mi binshɛɣu din daa niŋdi tɔbu maa ni. Soya nim pam beni wuhiri Ntim ni daa kpi shɛm. Shɛli wuhiya ni o ni daa mɔri ni o tiligi ka che gbaabu nyaaŋ, luɣ'shɛli Dwabenhene maŋmaŋa ni daa liri Gyakari n-ti gbaagi o, bɛ daa gbaagi o ka ʒi o kuli ti ti Osei Tutu. Gyakari daa moya, ka bɛ daa ku o Feyiase.{{sfn|Prempeh|2022|p=176}}Lahabali shɛŋa mi wuhiya ni Adakwayiadom, Dwaben kpɛma zaŋti Asante tɔbu tuhiri nudirigu yaɣili, daa ŋmala Ntim zuɣu ni.{{sfn|Reindorf|1895|p=56}} Asante tɔb'bihi gba daa lahi gbahi Dutch ŋarima dibaanu ka daa ʒili kuli Kumasi ka di ti wuhi ni bɛ kpuɣu jaasheei.<ref name=":9"/> === Din nyaaŋa=== Bɛ ni daa nyaŋba Feyiase nyaaŋa, ban daa kpalim Denkyiran tɔb'tuhiriba ni daa kuli Ofin River south polo. Asante linjimanim daa kari Abankeseso zaazaa biɛɣu pinaanu sunsuuni, ka daa kpuɣi Denkyirahene salimanim zaa labi Kumasi.{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=3}} O daa piila Boadu Akufu, Ntim Gyakari ŋahinga, ka o nyɛ kpambali palo n zaŋti Denkyirahene.{{sfn|Prempeh|2022|p=180}} Osei Tutu daaa piri tiŋgbana maa n-ti o mini ban tabiri sɔŋdi o, ka Denkyiran yaakoronim daaa ʒini Asante yaɣa, ka Amantuo daa nyɛ yaa daa lahi kpaŋsi.{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=21-22}}Asumegya niriba daa pili Dominase mini Agyemasu tiŋkpansi, ka Osei Tutu daa labi ʒini Bontwumafo din be Atwima (din pa nyɛ Atwima Mponua mini Atwima Nwabiagya tiŋgbani yaɣa) ka bɛ daa zaŋ Atwimahene ti bɛ kpɛma. ==O ni nyɛ Asantehene== === Akim === Di mini nasara dibu ni Denkyira nim zuɣu nyɛ din gabiri maa zaa yoli , Akyem, Denkyiran bɔŋ, daa na kuli tuhirimi.<ref name="Boahen">{{Cite book|last=Boahen|first=A. Adu|title=Encyclopedia of African History|date=2005|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn|editor-last=Shillington|editor-first=Kevin|place=New York|page=33-34|chapter=Akan states: Bono, Denkyira, Wassa, Akyem, Akwamu, Fante, Fifteenth to Seventeenth centuries}}</ref> Lala n lahi nyɛli, Denkyiran tɔbu-tihiriba ban daa kuli south daa na kuli nyɛla varisigu. Yuuni 1702, niriba ayi ŋɔ daa ti nyaŋ Asante tɔbu ni.{{sfn|Fynn|1974|p=7}} Yuuni 1706, Boadu Akufu daa lo tɔbu. Asante kpɛma Boansi Kofo, ni so sɔŋsim, daa libigi Denkyiran tɔbu tuhibu yaa sheei n daa ti wurimba, ka daa gbaai Akafu n daa ti ku o.{{sfn|Prempeh|2022|p=182}} ===Tuhi fa din pahi pahi=== O ni daa tuhi nyaŋ Denkyira, Asante daa pa zaŋla Denkyiran ni ka bɛ nyɛ ban tumdi tiri ba. Assin, Sehwi, ni Twifo, amaa, bɛ daa lahi mali haŋkali pari shɛŋa pahi, ka din niŋ yuun gbaliŋ Osei Tutu tɔbu tuhibu ni o tooi yɛli o tiŋgbani ŋɔ.{{sfn|Arhin|1967|p=72}} Yuuni 1711 Tutu daa kuli north polo ni o ti tuhi Wenchi, ka daa kari Ahwenekokoo kpɛma ka pili Asante ka zaŋ o nuu pa north zaŋ chaŋ Bonoman mini Begho daabiligu soya zuɣu. Bini din gbaai yuuni 1713 mini yuuni 1715 o daa kpa south polo, n daa ti deei Twifo, Wassa, ni Aowin .<ref name="Boahen" /> Osei Tutu daa naai noli ni Nzema ni d soŋ ka o tooi baŋ teeku yaɣili daabiligu soya.{{sfn|Arhin|1967|p=71}} === Kampeei bahigu mini kpibu === Yuuni 1716 bee yuuni 1717, Agona niriba ban daa be teeku yaɣili daa kuhi boli Asante ni o ti sɔŋsi ba bɛ tɔbu tuhibu ni Akyem nim ni. Akwamu daa nyɛla ban galisi Kumasi yaɣili, amaa ka daa lahi nyɛ Agona kpamba ka daa ka nintiɣili ni Asante nuu timbu. Di zuɣu daa che ka bɛ che ka Asante chaŋ gili bɛ yaɣa, amaa ka daa ŋma soli zaŋ yi Akyem, ka o daa bo soya gbahiba yɔɣu maa ni. Bɛ daa gili linjimanim maa, ni bindirigu bela.{{sfn|Priestley|Wilks|1960|p=88}}<ref>Boahen, A. Adu. “When did Osei Tutu Die?” Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana, vol. 16, no. 1, 1975, pp. 87–92. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41406582. Accessed 6 May 2025.</ref> Anashaara goli October yuuni 1717 Osei Tutu, saha ŋɔ o nyɛla ŋun ni kurigi, daa moya ni oʒi o niriba maa yi ka di nyɛla bɛ daa yɛn dula River Pra, a maa bɛ daa liriba bɛ chandi ni.{{sfn|Priestley|Wilks|1960|p=88}} Bɛ daa Ʒiri o mi zuɣu saa, nanima nachiinsi nam goro la shɛŋa ni ka malifa kukɔla daa nyɔɣu, bɛ daa nyɛla malifa ŋmɛri biinsi ban ŋmɛri katiŋa la n ti pahi ban Ŋmɛri yɔmyɔm la n daa nye ban tum tuuni ŋɔ, ka di nyɛla ti' zimsima ka bɛ sɔɣi bɛ maŋa. Piriŋ la o ni daa ku tooi lahi tuɣi ba n tooi yi kɔm maa ni zuɣu, Asanteman toondana maa daa kɔŋ la o nyɛvuli ka o niriba daa bɛ tooi bo n nya o ningbuno ni bɛ sɔɣi.{{sfn|Priestley|Wilks|1960|p=89}} == Yuli zalibu == O daa malila tim ni siyaasa baŋsim n tumda, ka linjimanima daa lahi sɔŋdi o, Osei Tutu daa nyɛla ŋun yɛligi [[Kumasi]] kamani buta zuɣu ka daa lahi pili "Empire of Ashanti" lala saha ŋɔ.<ref name="Britannica">{{Cite web|title=Osei Tutu|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Osei-Tutu|access-date=7 May 2025|website=www.britannica.com|publisher=Britannica|language=en}}</ref><ref name="EAHC2" /> Buɣili din be Anyinam wuhirila Osei Tutu dɔɣibu, ka di nyɛ di leei ninliha lihi ka yo sheei.<ref name="GNA2">{{cite web|title=Birthplace of Opensuo cited as potential Tourist Site|url=https://gna.org.gh/2020/08/birthplace-of-opemsuo-cited-as-potential-tourist-attraction-site/|access-date=7 May 2025|publisher=Ghana News Agency}}</ref> ==Kundivihira mini noosi== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== * {{cite journal |last1=Arhin |first1=Kwame |title=The Structure of Greater Ashanti (1700-1824) |journal=Journal of African History |date=1967 |volume=8 |issue=1 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/180052 |access-date=8 May 2025}} * {{cite book |last1=Chazan |first1=Naomi |title=The Early State in African Perspective |date=1988 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |chapter=The Early State in Africa: The Asante Case}} * {{cite journal |last1=Fynn |first1=J. K. |title=The Structure of Greater Ashanti: Another View |journal=Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana |date=1974 |volume=15 |issue=1 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41406546 |access-date=8 May 2025}} * {{cite journal |last1=Hagan |first1=George |title=ASHANTI BUREAUCRACY: A STUDY OF THE GROWTH OF CENTRALIZED ADMINISTRATION IN ASHANTI FROM THE TIME OF OSEI TUTU TO THE TIME OF OSEI TUTU KWAMINA ESIBE BONSU |journal=Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana |date=1971 |volume=12 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41405792 |access-date=7 May 2025}} * {{cite journal |last=McCaskie |first=T. C. |year=2007 |title=Denkyira in the Making of Asante c. 1660–1720 |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=1–25 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/4501014 |access-date=24 April 2025}} * {{cite book |last1= Prempeh |first1 = Osei Agyeman |author1-link=Osei Tutu Agyeman Prempeh II |editor1-last=McCaskie |editor1-first=Tom M. |title=History of Ashanti |date=2022 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=9780191991714 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Priestley |first1=Margaret |last2=Wilks |first2=Ivor |title=The Ashanti Kings in the Eighteenth Century: A Revised Chronology |journal=Journal of African History |date=1960 |volume=1 |issue=1 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/179708 |access-date=6 May 2025}} * {{cite book |last1=Reindorf |first1=Carl Christian |author1-link=Carl Christian Reindorf |title=History of the Gold Coast and Asante, based on traditions and historical facts |date=1895 |location=Basel |publisher=Carl Christian Reindorf |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofgoldcoa00rein/page/48/mode/ |access-date=7 May 2025}} * {{cite book |last1=Wilks |first1=Ivor |title=Forests of Gold: Essays on the Akan and the Kingdom of Asante |date=1993 |publisher=Ohio University Press |location=Athens}} ===Further Reading=== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20060821160558/http://www.blackhistorypages.net/pages/oseitutu.php "Osei Tutu (d. 1717)"], Black History Pages. *[https://archive.today/20040428083020/http://members.tripod.com/~Abyssinia/Africa/OseiTutu.html "Osei Tutu, King of Asante (1680 - 1717)"] at archive.today *[http://www.info-ghana.com/ashanti_empire.htm "The Ashanti Kingdom"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070820093438/http://www.info-ghana.com/ashanti_empire.htm |date=2007-08-20 }} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20061124060938/http://www.upstate88.com/blackhistory/page4.html "Osei Tutu 1680-1717 King of Asante"]. Black History Timeline. *[http://countrystudies.us/ghana/5.htm "The Precolonial Period"], in La Verle Berry, ed., ''Ghana: A Country Study''. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1994. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070807103649/http://www.kumasimetro.org/cc_kma.cfm?tblCADCorpID=33 "The Asantehene | Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II"], Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928034646/http://www.ashanti.com.au/pb/wp_5e360041.html "Our King: Nana Kweku Dua is now Otumfuo Osei Tutu II, Asantehene"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220705/http://www.nathanielturner.com/majestykingasante.htm "His Majesty The King of Asante Otumfuo Osei Tutu II From Ghana, Makes First Visit to Boston - Wednesday, November 2, 2005"] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Osei Kofi Tutu 01}} ==Kundivihira== {{Reflist}} 5u7j2c62ko82kaboxrcg2b6ljuv58gi 116207 116206 2025-06-25T01:56:40Z Tunteeya1 5942 Added characters 116207 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bio}} [[Lahabali kɔligu:King Asantehene Osei Tutu II of Ashanti-Asanteman.jpg|thumb|'''King Asantehene Osei Tutu II of Ashanti-Asanteman''']] [[Lahabali kɔligu:Ashanti King Otumfour Osei Tutu II.jpg|thumb|'''Ashanti King Otumfour Osei Tutu II''']] '''Osei Kofi Tutu I''' ({{Circa|1660}} – {{Circa|1717}}) nyɛla ŋun daa pahi Ninvuɣu shɛba ban daa piligi [[Kambɔnsili|Ashanti Empire]] ka ŋun daa sɔŋ n-nyɛ [[Okomfo Anokye]], o buɣilana. O nyɛla ŋun daa gari tooni n-zaŋ Ashante nima n-daa tuhi Denkyira, "regional hegemon" ka daa nya nasara bɛ zuɣu, yuuni 1701 tɔbu shɛli be ni daa boli "battle of feyiase" la ŋuna n-daa nyɛ Naa n-zaŋ n-ti Kwaman State bin din gbaai yuuni 1680 mini yuuni 1701 n-ti pahi Ashanti Empire, bin din gbaai yuuni 1701 zaŋ hali ni yuuni 1717. O ni daa nyɛ Kanbonsi zaa Naa, o nyɛla ŋun daa zaŋ Akan tiŋsi n-laɣim taba ka nyɛ ŋun daa piligi kariŋ zɔna zaŋ n-ti gominanti ka di nyɛ din daa beni kamani yuun' kɔbishii zuɣu. == Piligu biɛhigu == === Dɔɣim === Osei Kofi Tutu Opemsoo nyɛla bɛ ni daa dɔɣi so c.yuuni 1660 tiŋa yuli booni [[Kokofu Anyinam]] ka di nyɛ din be [[Ashanti Region]] din bɛ Ghana.<ref name="GNA">{{cite web|title=Birthplace of Opensuo cited as potential Tourist Site|url=https://gna.org.gh/2020/08/birthplace-of-opemsuo-cited-as-potential-tourist-attraction-site/|access-date=7 May 2025|publisher=Ghana News Agency}}</ref> O ba n-daa nyɛ Owusu Panyin, Akan bilichini ŋun daa yina Nyameani.{{sfn|Wilks|1993|p=102}} ka o ma mi daa nyɛla Maanu Kotosii ŋun daa nyɛ Omanhene n-zaŋ nti Kwaaman Oti Akenten tizopaɣa mini ŋun daa deegi o Obiri Yeboa.<ref name = Marfo>Marfo, Kofi (1999). ''An Introduction to Ghanaian Literature''. str. 48. "Osei Tutu was born of an Adanse father called Owusu Panyin from Akrokyere and of an Oyoko princess and sister of Oti Akenten called Maanu Kotosii."</ref><ref name = OxfordDAB>{{Cite book |last=Sapong |first=Nana Yaw B. |chapter=Tutu, Osei (1650–1717) |date=2011-01-01 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195382075_6/page/86/mode/2up |title=Dictionary of African Biography|editor-first=Henry Louis |editor-last=Gates|editor-link=Henry Louis Gates|editor2=[[Emmanuel Akyeampong]]|editor3=Steven J. Niven |access-date= 6 May 2025 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |page = 85-6 |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}}</ref> Lahabali nyɛla din daa wuhi ni Osei Tutu ma nyɛla ŋun daa bi dɔɣira, ka o ma Obiri Yeboa nyɛ ŋun daa zaŋ o chaŋ buɣili ni din yuli booni Otutu ŋɔ ka di daa nyɛ din be Akuapem.<ref name = OxfordDAB/> Din daa niŋ ka Kotosii daa ti dɔɣi bia, o daa boli o la Tutu, o daa zaŋ la buɣili maa yuli maa n-zaŋ n-ti bia maa yuli.<ref name = Pavanello>{{Cite book |last=Pavanello |first=Mariano |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bDglDwAAQBAJ |title=Perspectives on African Witchcraft |date=2016-12-08 |publisher=Taylor & Francis| p= 28-29|isbn=978-1-315-43991-4 |language=en}}</ref> Pirim la Akan nima ni nyɛla ban diri mayili fali la zuɣu, Osei Tutu n-nyɛ ŋun daa di Kwaaman nam fali.<ref name = OxfordDAB/> === Saha shɛli puuni o ni daa na m be Denkyira kootu puuni === Lahabali biɛla n-nyɛ din beni n zaŋ n-ti Osei Tutu bilim ni ka lala lahabali ŋɔ nyɛ saha shɛli o ni daa paai yuuni pinaayɔbu, yuun' shɛli Akan dabba ni daa lɛbiri dabba. O ŋahiba, Oti Akenten nyɛla ŋun daa zaŋ o n-tahi Abankeseso, tiŋzuɣu zaŋ n-ti [[Denkyiraman]].{{sfn|Wilks|1993|p=103}} Dinbɔŋɔ nyɛla din daa bi niŋ alahiʒiba dama Denkyira nyɛla ŋun daa tu ni o bɔhim nam maa yɛltɔɣa, dini n-daa lahi yɛn chɛ ka o bɔhim "''statecraft''" mini soojanima tɔbu tuhibu baŋsim.<ref name = Pavanello/><ref name = OxfordDAB/> O tuma maa puuni shɛli bɛ daa ti chɛ ka o leeigi "shield-bearer" n zaŋ n-ti Denkyirahene.{{sfn|Reindorf|1895|p=48}} O nyɛla ŋun daa gahim n yi o konko ka che Sehwi niriba maa amaa ka nyɛ ŋun daa yiɣisi Naa Boamponsem suhi dini daa niŋ ka o zaɣisi ni o ku zaŋ li n-ti o.{{sfn|Wilks|1993|p=104}} === Nyaan'zubo mini zo n chaŋ Akwamu === Noli lahabali taarihi nyɛla din wuhi ni Osei Tutu nyɛla ŋun daa viɛlli pam. O daa pili biehigu ni o tizopaɣa zaŋ Denkyirahene tizopaɣa nabipuɣigi ŋun yuli daa booni (''Ohene nuabaa'') Akobena Abensua. <ref name = Pavanello/> Lahabali shɛli nyɛla din wuhi ni o mini Napaɣa zaŋ n-ti Nkawie, Adoma Akosua n-daa nyɛ ban daa laɣiri taba.{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=18}} Di nyɛla din daa niŋ ninmohi din daa niŋ ka Nabipuɣingi ŋɔ daa ti zali tahima ka ŋuma ŋuma nyɛ din daa yina wuhiri lala bia ŋɔ ba ni nyɛ so. Di dabiɛm zuɣu Osei Tutu daa nyɛla ŋun daa yi n labi Akwamu.<ref name = Pavanello/><ref name = OxfordDAB/> === O Akwamu biɛhigu === O ni daa paai Akwamu kootu kootu shɛli din yuli daa nyɛ <nowiki>''court of Ansa Saseraku I''</nowiki> din be Akwamufie, bɛ nyɛla ban daa taɣi bɛ nuhi ayi n deegi o ka di daliri nyɛla o viɛllim zuɣu,<ref name = Pavanello/> bee o ni daa tabi Denkyira la zuɣu.<ref name = OxfordDAB/> Osei Tutu nyɛla ŋun daa bɔhim soojanima tɔbu tuhibu baŋsim Akwamu, ban nyɛ ban daa mi lala soojanima ŋɔ tɔbu tuhibu baŋsim pam Akan state, ka nyɛ ban daa mali yaa pam n zaŋ n-ti musketmen.{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=10}} Neesim nyɛla din kani wuhiri ni Osei Tutu nyɛla ŋun daa laɣim ni Okomfo Anokye. Di ni tooi daa nyɛla Denkyira ka Anokye nyɛ ŋun daa chaŋ n-ti pahi Osei Tutu sani Kwaman,{{sfn|Reindorf|1895|p=50}} bee bɛ daa laɣim la Akwamu.<ref name = Pavanello/><ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=McCaskie |first=T. C. |date=1986 |title=Komfo Anokye of Asante: Meaning, History and Philosophy in an African Society |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/181138 |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=315–339 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700036690 |jstor=181138 |s2cid=145530470 |issn=0021-8537|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Amaa saha shɛli Osei Tutu ni daa yi Akwamu, bɛ niriba ayi ŋɔ nyɛla ban daa pun laɣim n daa leei zori ni taba.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Okomfo Anokye|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Okomfo-Anokye |access-date=2022-03-26 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> ==O ni nyɛ Kwamanhene== Kwamanhene daa nyɛla ŋun kpuɣi niya ni o ʒi taɣibu pam na o ʒileli ni, ka daa lihi niriba ban daa miri o kamani Denkyira mini Akwamu ka di kpaŋasiri o.<ref name = Pavanello/><ref name = OxfordDAB/>{{sfn|Chazan|1988|p=65}} O niya daa nyɛla o kpa linjimannima ban mali yaa, ka daa lahi laɣimba ka bɛ niŋ zaɣi yini.{{sfn|Chazan|1988|p=73}} Taɣibunima{{Further|Military of the Ashanti Empire}} Osei Tutu daa zaŋla binyɛr'shɛŋa din yɛn kpaŋsi biɛhigu pahi. Afotosanfoɔ n daa nyɛ ŋun sɔŋdi nam maa ni liɣiri.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nyantakyi |last2= Ampene |first2 = Kwasi| first1 = Nana Kwadwo |date=2016 |title=Engaging Modernity: Asante in the Twenty-First Century |url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/maize/14689915.0001.001/1:20/--engaging-modernity-asante-in-the-twenty-first-century?rgn=div1;view=fulltext |journal=Maize Books |language=en |doi=10.3998/maize.14689915.0001.001|isbn=978-1-60785-366-4 |doi-access=free |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Asokwa Batahene n daa guri li, Adwumfuohene ŋun daa nyɛ machela, ni Sanaa gba daa lahi nyɛla ŋun daa be liɣiri sɔŋsim ni.{{sfn|Hagan|1971|p=45}} Gyase daa nyɛla ŋun tumdi tuma nayili maa.{{sfn|Hagan|1971|p=49}} Osei Tutu daa nyɛla ŋun zaŋ dɛma taɣi Kwaman nam linjima nam maa, ka taɣa Denkyira linjima biɛhigu.<ref name = Pavanello/> O daa namla linjimanim kparobɔɣiri ayopɔin, ka waligi ka che naama din daa pun beni. Linjimanima ban daa ʒi kuɣu maa zuɣu n daa gari tooni ka di niŋ: linjima kpamba ban daa beni, doo (adonten), ŋun daa tumdi tiri naa maa (gyase), (kyidom), ŋun daa za nuzaa polo (benkum), ŋun daa za nudirigu polo (nifa), ni kpem ŋun daa pahiri ayi (akwamuhene).{{sfn|Chazan|1988|p=74}}{{sfn|Hagan|1971|p=44}} Osei Tutu daa lahi bo ban pe n-gili Akwamu musketmen, ni ban daa lahi be Oyoko zuiyanim ni.{{sfn|Arhin|1967|p=68-9}} === Yɛligibu === Lala taɣibunim ŋɔ ni daa pili, Osei Tutu daa niŋ nimmohi ni o yɛligi o tiŋgbani. O ni daa zaŋ yuma ata mali shili naai, o daa chaŋmi n-ti liri Dormaa ka daa tuhi nyaŋba.{{sfn|Reindorf|1895|p=50}}{{sfn|Wilks|1993|p=105}} Zaŋ hali ka 1680s daa ti naai, o daa lahi laɣim Tafo, Kaase, [[Offinso]], Sehwi ni Anakrom, ka zaŋ o talahinima n ti ban nyɛ Oyoko nim tiŋgbani ni 'Amantoo' tinsi ni - Kokofu, Nsuta, Bekwai, Juaben, n-ti pahi Mampong.<ref name="OxfordDAB2">{{Cite book|last=Sapong|first=Nana Yaw B.|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195382075_6/page/86/mode/2up|title=Dictionary of African Biography|date=2011-01-01|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5|editor-last=Gates|editor-first=Henry Louis|editor-link=Henry Louis Gates|page=85-6|language=en|chapter=Tutu, Osei (1650–1717)|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001|access-date=6 May 2025|editor2=[[Emmanuel Akyeampong]]|editor3=Steven J. Niven}}</ref>{{sfn|Chazan|1988|p=66}}{{sfn|Arhin|1967|p=68-9}} Osei Tutu's niya daa nyami ni o yɛligi bilichiinsi n ti sokam, ka bɛ doli bɛ so ni pii shɛli - dina n daa ti niŋ talahi pam Asante zalisi ni.{{sfn|Reindorf|1895|p=51}} Denkyira nahingiu saha, daabiligu daa bi yɛligi pam bɛ zuliya ni. Zaŋ chaŋ 1690s sunsuuni Kwaman daa mali shili ni bɛ tuhi bɛ naa maa.{{sfn|Fynn|1974|p=5}}<ref name="EAHC">{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of African History and Culture (vol III)|date=2005|publisher=Facts on File|editor1-last=Page|editor1-first=Willie|location=New York|page=216|editor2-last=Davis|editor2-first=R. Hunt}}</ref> Kwaman yaa daa nyɛla niriba ni baŋ shɛli yɛla. ==Asante nagbanyini niŋbu== Kwaman ni daa fa Dormaa daa nyɛla sɔŋsim n-ti Denkyirahe niNtim Gjakari, di ni daa niŋ ka tiŋmgbana di tuhiri maa zaa nyɛ Denkyira nim maa.{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=11}} Di lahi yina n-nyɛ Osei Tutu daa bola gubu n-ti Oduro Agyensamoo zaŋti Assin yaɣili, bɛ ni daa bɔri do' so Abankeseso ni bɛ bɔhi binshɛɣu din niŋ Denkyirahene Boamponsem kpibu ni.{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=12}} Ka labi mali Osei Tutu tumtumsa zali ni o yaa polo, Gyakari daa ti niriba Kwaman. o ni daa bori shƐm n-nyɛ: * Salima pam * nyingokɔriti, binshɛɣu din nyɛ kali bini ka wuhiri ni paɣa filim o maŋ ti o yidana * Osei Tutu bihi puuni yino ddebu * Osei Tutu mini o kpa,mabaliba piigi bɛ paɣaba yino-yino n-ti Abankeseso{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=12}}{{sfn|Fynn|1974|p=5}} Asante zalisi yi daa zalimi ni tuhi Denkyira beei ka lala, Denkyirahene ni daa labisi shɛm ni, tɔbu maa nyaaŋa din yɛn niŋ bi yi polo, amaa bɛ niya daa kuli nyɛla yim. Oyoko nanim ban daa laɣiu daa zaɣisi lala turi ŋɔ, ka daa va kuɣa pali kpalinsi maa ka di pa salimanima.{{sfn|Reindorf|1895|p=53}}{{sfn|Fynn|1974|p=5}} Osei Tutu daa na maagi o maŋa ka Denkyira bɛri bɔhibu daa nyɛla di laɣim Amantoo zuliyanim o nam ni.{{sfn|Arhin|1967|p=68-9}} O daa moliya ni Onyeame buɣili puhi o la tuun kara: ni o laɣim Asante. Anokye alizama noi wuhi shɛm, binshɛŋa din daa yina sagbana ni, sagban sabila ni, ni pɔhim din daa chani ka ʒiri tankpaɣu, salima kuɣu din daa chani ka di yaɣili nyɛ salima. Di daa lula Osei Tutu naba tiŋli. Lala kuɣu ŋɔ malila sunsum (shia/nyevuli) zaŋti Ashanti tiŋgbani, ni bɛ yaa, alaafee, haŋkali zinli, ni bɛri-suŋ.{{sfn|Wilks|1993|p=115}}{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=20}}{{sfn|Chazan|1988|p=70}} Osei Tutu daa leei Asantehene, ni kpɛm zaŋti Amantoo tiŋgbana.<ref name="EAHC" />{{sfn|Chazan|1988|p=73}} Osei Tutu daa bo tiŋzuɣu zaɣ'palli n-ti Asante Confederation, tiŋ shɛli bɛ ni boli [[Kumasi]], bɛ ni zaŋ "kum tia shɛli yuli boli" Tutu ni daa ʒini ti'shɛli gbunni ka gbaai shaawara ni di zali.<ref name="OxfordDAB" /><ref name="EAHC" /> ŋuna n daa lahi pili Odwira chuɣu, din nyɛ nyuli dibu chuɣu ka laɣimdi Kumasi ka bɛ ŋmeri nupuɣu tiri Asantehene, ka kuri zaba, ka kpaŋsiri suhudoo Asante yaɣili.{{sfn|Arhin|1967|p=82}} == Bɛ tɔbu tuhibu ni Denkyira == ===Denkyiran Defections=== Osei Tutu mini Anokye daa pili taba feebu kampeei, ka mɔri ni bɛ gbahi Denkyrian tɔbu bihi. Anokye daa ŋmela nyɔɣu ni o tima nyɛla din yɛn tooi taɣi Denkyiran tɔbu tuhiriba haŋkaya ka bɛ taɣi yaaɣili.{{sfn|Wilks|1993|p=111}} Lahabali wuhiya ni tiŋ shɛli ban daa daŋ yaɣili taɣibu n daa nyɛ Ntim Gyakari n daa taɣi labi Osei Tutu yaɣili ban daa nyɛ Abooso niriba.{{sfn|Wilks|1993|p=111}} Abooso daa nyɛla tiŋa din be Adanse Akrokeri yaɣili ka bɛ booni bam be din ni ''Bontwumafo'' -yaɣi-ʒeei yaɣilinima. Di ni daa niŋ ka bɛ yoiɣisi Denkyirahene suhu Adanse yaɣili fabu saha, bɛ daa galimba ni bɛ ni salinima kɔri mali buɣa ni yi ti noiŋ ka ŋun yina nam zuliya ni kpi. Bɛ daa booni ba la tankpa-ʒɛɣu ni nima di daa yi ti niŋ ka bɛ yɛn zaŋba mali buɣa, bɛ daa yi malila bɛ ʒim gariti tankpaɣu ka mali ʒɛri kpiimba maa. Di ni daa niŋ ka Ntim Gyakari ma, Akobena Abensua, daa ti gbaai doro din daa dam o haŋkali, Bontwumafo mini ban daa be lala yaɣili maa daa chaŋya ni bɛ ti bo faako Osei Tutu sani Kumasi. Bɛ daa niŋba maraaba ka lahi ti ba tiŋgbani, ka bɛ daa lahi ti bɛ kpamba zaashɛhi Asante nam ni.{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=14-16}} Di ni daa yi polo ni wuhi ni Bontwumafo daa nyɛla Osei Tutu ni deei so, ban gba daa pahi be Denkyira pam daa doli nyaaŋa. Anwianwia mini Asabi laɣinsi, ban daa zaɣisiri Gyakari sulinsi, daa mali ʒini Ahafo. Awu Dawu, niriba ban daa tumdi tiri Denkyirahene, nyɛla bɛ ni daa yihi shɛba ka zaŋ ba ti Amankwatia, shɛba daa lahi chaŋ Denkyiran ŋun daa pa nyɛ kpɛma n zaŋti Kontihene mini Bantamahene.{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=16}} Ban gba daa lahi yina Ntim Gyakari kja nyɛ tumtumdiba ka bɛ kariba daa nyɛla Akwadan mini Nuamoa niriba, gbe-pɛbiriba toondana zaŋti Denkyirahene. Bɛ daa kana Kumase sani ni bɛ salima-gberi mini bɛ nyaandoliba. Bɛ daa lahi labi ʒini Akuropon ka bɛ daa naan yi ti zaŋ ba labi na Kumasi di ni daa nIŋ ka Osei Tutu daa nam Asokwa kuɣu n zaŋ ti ba ni di sɔŋsi ka bɛ be o daabihi ni ka lahi be o gbe-pɛbiriba ni.{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=17}} Lala n lahi nyɛli, Denkyirahene dali-ŋmɛrra gba daa lahi zo n-kuli Osei Tutu sani ni o tizopaɣa mini o nyaandoliba tuhili.{{sfn|Wilks|1993|p=111}}{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=16-7}} Osei Tutu daa piigi o Nkukuwafohene. Niriba mini tinsi pam daa taɣi yaɣili.{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=16-7}} Aboabo, tiŋ'shɛli din daa miri Oda River, nyɛla luɣ'shɛli bɛ ni daa deei Denkyirahene tɔbu tiuhiriba ban daa gbubi bɛ tɔbiri nɛma din guba (''Akyamfuo''). Zali daa lu bɛ mini Akyamfuo tinkpanbihi sunsuuni, ka tinkpannima daa ku lala tɔb'bihi ŋɔ shɛba. Ntim Gyakari daa gahi nuu boli tiŋkpannima maa ni bɛ kana. Tinkpannima daa suhi ya bo faabahi, ka yɛli ni lala niriba ŋɔ nyɛla ban daa zu ba. Naa maa daa yɛliya ni bɛ kum bɛ mini bɛ daŋ zaa. Tinkpannima maa mini ban daa miri Aboabo zaa daa zoya kuli Asante. Shɛba daa labi bɛ biɛhisi sheei ka suhi Denkyriahene ni o che m-paŋba, amaa ka o daa ku ba.{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=19}} Ban daa taɣi biɛhisi sheei maa pam n daa nyɛ ‘Inkwayulaes bee Nkawie niriba, bɛ yibu maa daa nyɛla din labisi Denkyira nyaaŋa. Nkawie, maali pishi zaŋ yi north yaɣili Abankeseso, n daa nyɛ tiŋ din gba kpa talahi pahi buyi ka be Denkyira yaɣili. Denkyirahene ŋun daa su kuɣu maa yaa n daa gbubi lala yaɣili ŋɔ. Di paɣaba kuɣu gba nyɛla Denkyirahene ŋahinsi ni daa su shɛli, paɣaba ban daa yɛn tooi niŋ na'paɣa n-ti Denkyira. Yuuni 1694, di ni daa niŋ ka King Boa Amponsem I kpi n naai, Ntim Gyakari daa di nasara Asenso Kufuor zuɣu zabili ni. Ntim Gyakari daa gbaai Asenso Kufuor mini o tizopaɣa Adoma ban daa be Abankeseso n-niŋ o sulinsi ni. Still, Asenso Kufuor daa bɔhi o suhi labi Osei Tutu polo ka zo n-tili labi Kwaaman.O ni daa nyɛ ŋu gba ni tooi deei Denkyirahene mini Gyakari yaa maa zuɣu, o daa chanimi ni o kpambaliba mini o salima nim ni o nyaandoliba zaa.{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=17-9}} ===Zabili=== Zaŋ kana Anashaara goli November yuuni 1698, zabili daa niŋ bayana. Wassa, Twifo, ni Aowin daa pahi Asante nim ni ka bɛ mɔŋ Denkyiran ka bɛ ku lahi tooi nya tɔb'bina Europe daabihi ban niŋdi daabiligu bɛ teeku yaɣili.{{sfn|Fynn|1974|p=5}} Denkyira, gba nyɛla [[Dutch Gold Coast|Dutch]] mini ŋun daa nyɛ Dampong naa ni daa sɔŋdi shɛba.{{sfn|Reindorf|1895|p=53}} Akyem, daa naai noli ni Denkyira, ka liri Asante nim ban daa be Akwamu, ka daa tuhi ni yuuni 1699.{{sfn|Fynn|1974|p=5}} Denkyiran zab'zabiriba maa daa tuui di nasara. Tobiri din daa tuhi Adunku, Aputuogya, ni Abuontem, Ntim Gyakari daa moya n labisi Asante tɔb'tuhiriba bɛ biɛhigu sheei. Maali yini zaŋ chaŋ Aputuogya "north" polo o daa chirigi Osei Tutu nirba ban daa nyɛ bɛ ni zaŋ shɛba zali Feyiase, luɣ'shɛli Asante ni daa di nasara.{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=3}} Bɛ ni daa gbahiba naai, saha shɛŋa, bɛ ni daa ku shɛba daa nyɛla Ntim Gyakari. Dwaben Asafo (Dwaben yaɣili din nyɛ Amantoo linjimanima ka Dwabenhene maŋmaŋa daa nyɛ bɛ toondana) daa nyɛ ka Gyakari tɔri salima wali ni o paɣa, ka bɛ mi binshɛɣu din daa niŋdi tɔbu maa ni. Soya nim pam beni wuhiri Ntim ni daa kpi shɛm. Shɛli wuhiya ni o ni daa mɔri ni o tiligi ka che gbaabu nyaaŋ, luɣ'shɛli Dwabenhene maŋmaŋa ni daa liri Gyakari n-ti gbaagi o, bɛ daa gbaagi o ka ʒi o kuli ti ti Osei Tutu. Gyakari daa moya, ka bɛ daa ku o Feyiase.{{sfn|Prempeh|2022|p=176}}Lahabali shɛŋa mi wuhiya ni Adakwayiadom, Dwaben kpɛma zaŋti Asante tɔbu tuhiri nudirigu yaɣili, daa ŋmala Ntim zuɣu ni.{{sfn|Reindorf|1895|p=56}} Asante tɔb'bihi gba daa lahi gbahi Dutch ŋarima dibaanu ka daa ʒili kuli Kumasi ka di ti wuhi ni bɛ kpuɣu jaasheei.<ref name=":9"/> === Din nyaaŋa=== Bɛ ni daa nyaŋba Feyiase nyaaŋa, ban daa kpalim Denkyiran tɔb'tuhiriba ni daa kuli Ofin River south polo. Asante linjimanim daa kari Abankeseso zaazaa biɛɣu pinaanu sunsuuni, ka daa kpuɣi Denkyirahene salimanim zaa labi Kumasi.{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=3}} O daa piila Boadu Akufu, Ntim Gyakari ŋahinga, ka o nyɛ kpambali palo n zaŋti Denkyirahene.{{sfn|Prempeh|2022|p=180}} Osei Tutu daaa piri tiŋgbana maa n-ti o mini ban tabiri sɔŋdi o, ka Denkyiran yaakoronim daaa ʒini Asante yaɣa, ka Amantuo daa nyɛ yaa daa lahi kpaŋsi.{{sfn|McCaskie|2007|p=21-22}}Asumegya niriba daa pili Dominase mini Agyemasu tiŋkpansi, ka Osei Tutu daa labi ʒini Bontwumafo din be Atwima (din pa nyɛ Atwima Mponua mini Atwima Nwabiagya tiŋgbani yaɣa) ka bɛ daa zaŋ Atwimahene ti bɛ kpɛma. ==O ni nyɛ Asantehene== === Akim === Di mini nasara dibu ni Denkyira nim zuɣu nyɛ din gabiri maa zaa yoli , Akyem, Denkyiran bɔŋ, daa na kuli tuhirimi.<ref name="Boahen">{{Cite book|last=Boahen|first=A. Adu|title=Encyclopedia of African History|date=2005|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn|editor-last=Shillington|editor-first=Kevin|place=New York|page=33-34|chapter=Akan states: Bono, Denkyira, Wassa, Akyem, Akwamu, Fante, Fifteenth to Seventeenth centuries}}</ref> Lala n lahi nyɛli, Denkyiran tɔbu-tihiriba ban daa kuli south daa na kuli nyɛla varisigu. Yuuni 1702, niriba ayi ŋɔ daa ti nyaŋ Asante tɔbu ni.{{sfn|Fynn|1974|p=7}} Yuuni 1706, Boadu Akufu daa lo tɔbu. Asante kpɛma Boansi Kofo, ni so sɔŋsim, daa libigi Denkyiran tɔbu tuhibu yaa sheei n daa ti wurimba, ka daa gbaai Akafu n daa ti ku o.{{sfn|Prempeh|2022|p=182}} ===Tuhi fa din pahi pahi=== O ni daa tuhi nyaŋ Denkyira, Asante daa pa zaŋla Denkyiran ni ka bɛ nyɛ ban tumdi tiri ba. Assin, Sehwi, ni Twifo, amaa, bɛ daa lahi mali haŋkali pari shɛŋa pahi, ka din niŋ yuun gbaliŋ Osei Tutu tɔbu tuhibu ni o tooi yɛli o tiŋgbani ŋɔ.{{sfn|Arhin|1967|p=72}} Yuuni 1711 Tutu daa kuli north polo ni o ti tuhi Wenchi, ka daa kari Ahwenekokoo kpɛma ka pili Asante ka zaŋ o nuu pa north zaŋ chaŋ Bonoman mini Begho daabiligu soya zuɣu. Bini din gbaai yuuni 1713 mini yuuni 1715 o daa kpa south polo, n daa ti deei Twifo, Wassa, ni Aowin .<ref name="Boahen" /> Osei Tutu daa naai noli ni Nzema ni d soŋ ka o tooi baŋ teeku yaɣili daabiligu soya.{{sfn|Arhin|1967|p=71}} === Kampeei bahigu mini kpibu === Yuuni 1716 bee yuuni 1717, Agona niriba ban daa be teeku yaɣili daa kuhi boli Asante ni o ti sɔŋsi ba bɛ tɔbu tuhibu ni Akyem nim ni. Akwamu daa nyɛla ban galisi Kumasi yaɣili, amaa ka daa lahi nyɛ Agona kpamba ka daa ka nintiɣili ni Asante nuu timbu. Di zuɣu daa che ka bɛ che ka Asante chaŋ gili bɛ yaɣa, amaa ka daa ŋma soli zaŋ yi Akyem, ka o daa bo soya gbahiba yɔɣu maa ni. Bɛ daa gili linjimanim maa, ni bindirigu bela.{{sfn|Priestley|Wilks|1960|p=88}}<ref>Boahen, A. Adu. “When did Osei Tutu Die?” Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana, vol. 16, no. 1, 1975, pp. 87–92. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41406582. Accessed 6 May 2025.</ref> Anashaara goli October yuuni 1717 Osei Tutu, saha ŋɔ o nyɛla ŋun ni kurigi, daa moya ni oʒi o niriba maa yi ka di nyɛla bɛ daa yɛn dula River Pra, a maa bɛ daa liriba bɛ chandi ni.{{sfn|Priestley|Wilks|1960|p=88}} Bɛ daa Ʒiri o mi zuɣu saa, nanima nachiinsi nam goro la shɛŋa ni ka malifa kukɔla daa nyɔɣu, bɛ daa nyɛla malifa ŋmɛri biinsi ban ŋmɛri katiŋa la n ti pahi ban Ŋmɛri yɔmyɔm la n daa nye ban tum tuuni ŋɔ, ka di nyɛla ti' zimsima ka bɛ sɔɣi bɛ maŋa. Piriŋ la o ni daa ku tooi lahi tuɣi ba n tooi yi kɔm maa ni zuɣu, Asanteman toondana maa daa kɔŋ la o nyɛvuli ka o niriba daa bɛ tooi bo n nya o ningbuno ni bɛ sɔɣi.{{sfn|Priestley|Wilks|1960|p=89}} == Yuli zalibu == O daa malila tim ni siyaasa baŋsim n tumda, ka linjimanima daa lahi sɔŋdi o, Osei Tutu daa nyɛla ŋun yɛligi [[Kumasi]] kamani buta zuɣu ka daa lahi pili "Empire of Ashanti" lala saha ŋɔ.<ref name="Britannica">{{Cite web|title=Osei Tutu|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Osei-Tutu|access-date=7 May 2025|website=www.britannica.com|publisher=Britannica|language=en}}</ref><ref name="EAHC2" /> Buɣili din be Anyinam wuhirila Osei Tutu dɔɣibu, ka di nyɛ di leei ninliha lihi ka yo sheei.<ref name="GNA2">{{cite web|title=Birthplace of Opensuo cited as potential Tourist Site|url=https://gna.org.gh/2020/08/birthplace-of-opemsuo-cited-as-potential-tourist-attraction-site/|access-date=7 May 2025|publisher=Ghana News Agency}}</ref> ==Kundivihira mini noosi== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== * {{cite journal |last1=Arhin |first1=Kwame |title=The Structure of Greater Ashanti (1700-1824) |journal=Journal of African History |date=1967 |volume=8 |issue=1 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/180052 |access-date=8 May 2025}} * {{cite book |last1=Chazan |first1=Naomi |title=The Early State in African Perspective |date=1988 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |chapter=The Early State in Africa: The Asante Case}} * {{cite journal |last1=Fynn |first1=J. K. |title=The Structure of Greater Ashanti: Another View |journal=Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana |date=1974 |volume=15 |issue=1 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41406546 |access-date=8 May 2025}} * {{cite journal |last1=Hagan |first1=George |title=ASHANTI BUREAUCRACY: A STUDY OF THE GROWTH OF CENTRALIZED ADMINISTRATION IN ASHANTI FROM THE TIME OF OSEI TUTU TO THE TIME OF OSEI TUTU KWAMINA ESIBE BONSU |journal=Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana |date=1971 |volume=12 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41405792 |access-date=7 May 2025}} * {{cite journal |last=McCaskie |first=T. C. |year=2007 |title=Denkyira in the Making of Asante c. 1660–1720 |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=1–25 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/4501014 |access-date=24 April 2025}} * {{cite book |last1= Prempeh |first1 = Osei Agyeman |author1-link=Osei Tutu Agyeman Prempeh II |editor1-last=McCaskie |editor1-first=Tom M. |title=History of Ashanti |date=2022 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=9780191991714 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Priestley |first1=Margaret |last2=Wilks |first2=Ivor |title=The Ashanti Kings in the Eighteenth Century: A Revised Chronology |journal=Journal of African History |date=1960 |volume=1 |issue=1 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/179708 |access-date=6 May 2025}} * {{cite book |last1=Reindorf |first1=Carl Christian |author1-link=Carl Christian Reindorf |title=History of the Gold Coast and Asante, based on traditions and historical facts |date=1895 |location=Basel |publisher=Carl Christian Reindorf |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofgoldcoa00rein/page/48/mode/ |access-date=7 May 2025}} * {{cite book |last1=Wilks |first1=Ivor |title=Forests of Gold: Essays on the Akan and the Kingdom of Asante |date=1993 |publisher=Ohio University Press |location=Athens}} ===Further Reading=== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20060821160558/http://www.blackhistorypages.net/pages/oseitutu.php "Osei Tutu (d. 1717)"], Black History Pages. *[https://archive.today/20040428083020/http://members.tripod.com/~Abyssinia/Africa/OseiTutu.html "Osei Tutu, King of Asante (1680 - 1717)"] at archive.today *[http://www.info-ghana.com/ashanti_empire.htm "The Ashanti Kingdom"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070820093438/http://www.info-ghana.com/ashanti_empire.htm |date=2007-08-20 }} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20061124060938/http://www.upstate88.com/blackhistory/page4.html "Osei Tutu 1680-1717 King of Asante"]. Black History Timeline. *[http://countrystudies.us/ghana/5.htm "The Precolonial Period"], in La Verle Berry, ed., ''Ghana: A Country Study''. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1994. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070807103649/http://www.kumasimetro.org/cc_kma.cfm?tblCADCorpID=33 "The Asantehene | Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II"], Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928034646/http://www.ashanti.com.au/pb/wp_5e360041.html "Our King: Nana Kweku Dua is now Otumfuo Osei Tutu II, Asantehene"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220705/http://www.nathanielturner.com/majestykingasante.htm "His Majesty The King of Asante Otumfuo Osei Tutu II From Ghana, Makes First Visit to Boston - Wednesday, November 2, 2005"] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Osei Kofi Tutu 01}} ==Kundivihira== {{Reflist}} bmihplmcpv2p8whos6z17w44f36sgdy 0 32317 116182 116180 2025-06-24T12:15:54Z Phasy GH 5787 Punctuated and corrected a text 116182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bio}} [[Lahabali kɔligu:Alfred Tarski 1968 (as-is, cropped).jpg|thumb|added picture]] [[Lahabali kɔligu:George A. Hill 1890.jpg|thumb|George A. Hill]] '''George Alfred Grant''' , ka niriba pam mi o '''Paa Grant''' (bɛ daa dɔɣi o la Silimiin goli ''[[August]]'' biɛɣ'pia ni anu dali yuuni 1878 ka o daa kani Silimiin goli October biɛɣ'pihita dali yuuni 1956), daa nyɛla "merchant" mini siyaasa nira m be [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]]<ref name="Biography">[http://www.thepaagrantsa.com/biography.html Biography, The Paa Grant Soccer Academy Official Website.] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20110308212636/http://www.thepaagrantsa.com/biography.html |date=8 March 2011 }}</ref> ka nyɛ bɛ ni daa boli so "''[[Gold Coast (British Colony)|Gold Coast]]'' siyaasa tali ba" la.<ref name="JoyOnline">[http://politics.myjoyonline.com/pages/news/200703/2735.php "Overpass to be named after Paa Grant"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030100/http://politics.myjoyonline.com/pages/news/200703/2735.php |date=2016-03-04 }}, Joy Online, 22 August 2007.</ref> O ni daa nyɛ siyaasa niŋda maa zuɣu, ŋuni n-daa nyɛ ŋun daa piligi, n-daa diri liɣiri, ka lahi nyɛ tuuli zuɣulana zaŋ n-ti ''United Gold Coast convention'' (UGCC) Silimiin goli ''[[August]]'' yuuni 1947.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-03-22|title=Overpass to be named after Paa Grant|url=https://www.ofm.ghanaonline.com/news/overpass-to-be-named-after-paa-grant/|access-date=2020-08-03|website=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana pays tribute to founders' - Graphic Online|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-pays-tribute-to-founders.html|access-date=2020-08-05|website=www.graphic.com.gh|language=en-gb|archive-date=2021-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214131116/https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-pays-tribute-to-founders.html|url-status=live}}</ref> O nyɛla ninvuɣu so ŋun daa lahi pahi ninvuɣu shɛba ban daa tuhi deegi [[Ghana]].<ref>McFarland, Daniel Miles, "Grant, 'Pa' George Alfred", ''Historical Dictionary of Ghana'', 1985, p. 92.</ref> O nyɛla ŋun daa yo liɣiri [[Kwame Nkrumah]] Ghana labbuna zuɣu, din daa niŋ ka o be [[United States]]. Bɛ daa zaŋ o yuli maa "George Grant" n-zaŋ ti "roundabout" shɛli be [[Sekondi-Takoradi|Takoradi]] .Niriba pam nyɛla ban yɛli ni di ni niŋ viɛnyɛla di yi niŋ ka bɛ kaani ninvuɣ'shɛba ban tuhi deegi Ghana maŋsulinsi ka kali o pahi kamani 'Big Six '. ==Lahabali== ===Shikuru baŋsim mini piligu tuma === Grant nyɛla bɛ ni daa dɔɣi so yuuni 1878 tiŋ yuli booni Beyin, Nzema wulinluhili polo ka yina daabilgu daŋ shɛli niriba pam ni mi la. O ba n daa nyɛ William Minneaux Grant ka o ma nyɛ Madam Adjoa (Dwowa) Biatwi zaŋ n-ti Aboradze ''[[clan]]'', o yab'doo n daa nyɛ Francis Chapman Grant,<ref name=Biography /> ŋun daa lihiri ''Gold Coast Times zuɣu ka daa lahi nyɛ laɣ'sɔŋda zaŋ n-ti Fanti Confederation''.<ref name=Makers>"Grant, G. A. (1878–1956)", in ''Makers of Modern Africa: Profiles in History'', Africa Journal Ltd for Africa Books Ltd, 1981, pp. 189–90.</ref> Grant nyɛla ŋun karim o shikuru ''Wesleyan School'' din be [[Cape Coast]] saha ŋɔ sokam ni mi shɛli Mfantsipim School ŋun yori daa yirina sɔɣisinli ni Joseph D. Abraham sani, ŋun daa nyɛ o ba yikperilana la.<ref name=Biography /> Grant nyɛla ŋun daa kuli dɔli tumdi taankɔro dari daabiligu nim sani, tuuli o daa tum la Axim, ka daa lahi niŋ yuma anu [[Ivory Coast]].<ref name=Makers /> Yuuni 1896, o nyɛla ŋun daa piligi o maŋmaŋ daabilim ka daa bol'li George Grant and ''Company''.<ref name=Biography /> O daa nyɛla taankɔro dari daabi'kpɛŋ ka nyɛ ŋun daa yihiri li sambanni hali ka di daa ti niŋ bayana ''European companies'' puuni.<ref name=Makers /> O nyɛla ŋun daa chaŋ ''Britain'' yuuni 1905, lala saha ŋɔ duniya zaa tɔbu tuulli nyɛla din daa piligi yuuni 1914, o nyɛla ŋun daa niŋ daabilim ni daabi'kpɛma taankɔro dari kompaninima din be ''[[Europe]]'' mini ''[[United States]]''. Yuuni 1914 hali ni yuuni 1919 sunsuuni o daa nyɛla ŋun che ka o mini kpatoonsi maa tɔɣisi ka bɛ zaŋdi taankɔro dari maa n chani ''Britain'' mini USA. O nyɛla ŋun daa yoogi o maŋmaŋ ɔfisi [[London]], [[Liverpool]] n-ti pahi [[Hamburg]] bin din gbaai yuuni 1920 hali ni yuuni 1922 sunsuuni ka daa yɛligi o daabilim ŋɔ ''[[Gold Coast (British Colony)|Gold Coast]]'' tiŋsi kamani Dunkwa, [[Sekondi]] n-ti pahi Akim Abuakwa.<ref name=Makers /> Yuuni 1926 o nyɛla ninvuɣ so bɛ ni daa piigi niŋ ''Legislative Council'' ka o daa zani n-ti Sekondi. Grant nyɛla ŋun daa lahi be Aborigines ights Protection Society ka nyɛ ŋun daa sɔŋ ka lebigimsim tuma pam daa tum,<ref name=Biography /> di shɛli n-nlyɛ o daa piligi soya zuɣu niɣilim buɣum mini paapu kom Sekondi mini Axim.<ref name=JoyOnline /> ===Siyaasatali korisi mini bahigu biɛhigu=== Duniya zaa tɔbu din pahiri ayi la saha ni di nyaanga, Grant nyɛla ŋun daa baŋ ni gbaŋsabila ban be Gold Coast nyɛla ban daa diri wahala pam gbaŋpiɛlla sulinsi ni ka di nyɛ binshɛli din daa bi viɛlla,<ref name=Biography /> ka o daa kpuɣi niya ni o ni tuhi Africa nim suhuyurilim ni bɛ tumdi tuma maa zuɣu.<ref name=Makers /> O nyɛla ŋun daa gahi nuu boli [[J. B. Danquah]] mini ban daa pahi ni bɛ ti gbaagi n kpa ''nationalist party''. Niriba pihinahi, bɛ shɛba n nyɛ alikaali niriba R. A. Awoonor-Williams, [[Edward Akufo-Addo]] n-ti pahi [[Emmanuel Obetsebi-Lamptey]] daa nyɛla ban daa laɣim taba ''Saltpond'' n daa kpa ''United Gold Coast Convention'' (UGCC) silimin goli ''[[August]]'' daba anahi dali yuuni 1947 ka bɛ niya daa nyɛ bɛ borimi ni bɛ deegi bɛ maŋsulinsi. [[Kwame Nkrumah]] nyɛla ninvuɣ'so bɛ ni daa piigi UGCC gbaŋsabira, [[Ebenezer Ako-Adjei]] ni daa zaŋ o n wuhi ba maa nyaanga,<ref name=JoyOnline /> ka Grant daa yo Nkrumah liɣiri din daa yiɣisi £100 ni o zaŋ niŋ ŋarim chaaji n yi [[Liverpool]] labina Ghana.<ref>Birmingham, David, ''Kwame Nkrumah: The Father of African Nationalism'' (revised edition), Ohio University Press, 1998.</ref> Di nyaaŋa, Nkrumah nyɛla ŋun daa yi (UGCC) ka daa kpa Convention People Party (CPP), ka Grant mi daa kuli zaŋ o zaɣa niŋ o daabilim ni n gari siyaasa tali. Amaa bɛ daa nyɛla ban daa mali saawara ni taba, Nkrumah nyɛla ŋun daa kaai Grant's dabaa ayi pɔi ka o daa kpi Axim Silimiin goli October biɛɣ'pihita dali yuuni 1956, saha shɛli o ni daa nyɛ yuun pihinii ayi ka.<ref name=JoyOnline /> Yuuni 1955 o nyɛla ŋun daa gbaai doro shɛli ka daa koŋ alaafee nyabu hali ka ti kpi.<ref>Grant-Acquah, Sarah Esi, [http://www.ghanaculture.gov.gh/index1.php?linkid=338&archiveid=549&page=1&adate=14/02/2007 "In the beginning was…PAA GRANT - And the UGCC"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031133034/http://www.ghanaculture.gov.gh/index1.php?linkid=338&archiveid=549&page=1&adate=14%2F02%2F2007 |date=2018-10-31 }}. From ''Daily Graphic'', 14 February 2007, via National Commission on Culture.</ref> == Daŋ mini maŋmaŋ biɛhigu == Saha ŋɔ o bi'shɛba ban be bɛ nyɛvuya puuni nyɛ Sarah Esi Grant, Mrs Rosamond Hammond-Grant, William Minneaux Grant n-ti pahi yaansi mini yaantib'chɛhi. Sarah Esi Grant-Acquah bia nyɛ alikaali nira [[Phyllis Christian]].<ref>Christian, Phyllis M., [https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/opinion/the-sacrifices-men-make-a-memorial-to-george-alfred-grant.html "The sacrifices men make - A memorial to George Alfred Grant"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414125821/https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/opinion/the-sacrifices-men-make-a-memorial-to-george-alfred-grant.html |date=2019-04-14 }}, ''Graphic Online'', 30 October 2017.</ref> O yaansi shɛba nyɛ: Georgina Grant, Margaret Grant, Stella Blay-Kwofie, Christine Blay-Kwofie, Dorothy Blay-Kwofie, Joyce Christian, Letitia Hammond, Rosamond Hammond, James Hemans Hammond, Matilda Hammond, Georgina Hammond, Emmanuel Hammond, George Hammond, Alberta Hammond, Lawrence Hammond, Yvonne Hammond, Samuel Duker-Ako, George Grant, Felix Grant, Sabina Grant, Kweku Robert Grant, Kwesi Brown Grant, Frances Grant, Maame Efua Lartey-Grant, Sefa Gohoho zaŋ n-ti Songhai Africa, Panafrican Luxury Consumer Goods. Niriba pam ni mi yaan shɛba nyɛ:Angela Kukua Blay-Kwofie, Kwesi, Blay-Kwofie. ==Teeisim mini yuli zalibu== Bɛ ni daa yɛn niŋ nintiɣili ni Grant kpaŋmaŋ zaŋ n-ti Ghana maŋsulinsi deebu, Ghana gomnanti nyɛla ŋun daa zaŋ o yuli n-ti "flyover" palli Caprice din be Accra.<ref>[http://www.modernghana.com/news/132588/1/paa-grant-honoured.html "Paa Grant Honoured"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063307/http://www.modernghana.com/news/132588/1/paa-grant-honoured.html |date=2016-03-04 }}, ''Modern Ghana'', 21 March 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Flyover-to-be-named-after-Paa-Grant-121100 "Flyover to be named after Paa Grant"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106012006/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Flyover-to-be-named-after-Paa-Grant-121100 |date=2017-01-06 }}, ''GhanaWeb'', 20 March 2007.</ref> === Paa Grant Soccer Academy === Paa Grant Soccer Academy ŋɔ nyɛla Kim Tyrone Grant ni daa piligi shɛli yuuni 2009, o nyɛla boli ŋmɛri kuro zaŋ n-ti Ghana Black Stars ni o niŋ nintiɣibu zaŋ n-ti o yab'doo kpaŋmaŋ zaŋ chaŋ Ghana maŋsulinsi deebu bin din gbaai gbaŋpiɛlla gbubu saha zaŋ hali ni yuuni 1957.<ref>[http://www.thepaagrantsa.com/the_academy.php "Academy History"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626181404/http://www.thepaagrantsa.com/the_academy.php |date=26 June 2012 }}, The Paa Grant Soccer Academy Official Website.</ref> === George Grant University of Mines and Technology === Silimiin goli January biɛɣ'pinaayi dali yuuni 2018, President Akufo-Addo nyɛla ŋun daa taɣi University of Mines and Technology (UMaT) din be Western Region zaŋ n-ti Ghana yuli labisi George Grant University of Mines and Technology ni di wuhi nintiɣibu shɛli bɛ ni niŋ zaŋ n-ti kpaŋmaŋ shɛli o ni daa niŋ Ghana maŋsulinsi deebu ni n-ti pahi o ni daa nyɛ bilichini zaŋ n-ti western region zuɣu.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=13 January 2018|title=President applauds UMaT for renaming institution after George Grant - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/president-applauds-umat-for-renaming-institution-after-george-grant/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823123809/https://www.myjoyonline.com/president-applauds-umat-for-renaming-institution-after-george-grant/|archive-date=2021-08-23|access-date=2021-01-13|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Opoku|first=Emmanuel|date=2018-01-15|title=UMaT Renamed After Paa Grant|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/umat-renamed-paa-grant/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823123811/https://dailyguidenetwork.com/umat-renamed-paa-grant/|archive-date=2021-08-23|access-date=2021-01-13|website=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Aryeh|first=Felix L.|title=UMaT renamed George Grant University of Mines and Technology|url=https://www.umat.edu.gh/index.php/media-press/happenings/news-events/551-umat-renamed-george-grant-university-of-mines-and-technology|access-date=2021-01-13|website=www.umat.edu.gh|language=en-gb|archive-date=2021-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823123809/https://www.umat.edu.gh/index.php/media-press/happenings/news-events/551-umat-renamed-george-grant-university-of-mines-and-technology|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Kundivihira== {{reflist|30em}} <!--A living legend . hirovGrant--> ==Further reading== * Ako Adjei, ''The Life and Work of George Alfred Grant (Paa Grant)'', Accra: Waterville Pub. House, 1992, 31 pp. [[Pubu:Lahabaya zaa]] sw8ymeft2s8dcp8bbtke5d5qsi1pitd 116183 116182 2025-06-24T12:21:21Z Phasy GH 5787 Corrected a text 116183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bio}} [[Lahabali kɔligu:Alfred Tarski 1968 (as-is, cropped).jpg|thumb|added picture]] [[Lahabali kɔligu:George A. Hill 1890.jpg|thumb|George A. Hill]] '''George Alfred Grant''' , ka niriba pam mi o '''Paa Grant''' (bɛ daa dɔɣi o la Silimiin goli ''[[August]]'' biɛɣ'pia ni anu dali yuuni 1878 ka o daa kani Silimiin goli October biɛɣ'pihita dali yuuni 1956), daa nyɛla "merchant" mini siyaasa nira m be [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]]<ref name="Biography">[http://www.thepaagrantsa.com/biography.html Biography, The Paa Grant Soccer Academy Official Website.] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20110308212636/http://www.thepaagrantsa.com/biography.html |date=8 March 2011 }}</ref> ka nyɛ bɛ ni daa boli so "''[[Gold Coast (British Colony)|Gold Coast]]'' siyaasa tali ba" la.<ref name="JoyOnline">[http://politics.myjoyonline.com/pages/news/200703/2735.php "Overpass to be named after Paa Grant"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030100/http://politics.myjoyonline.com/pages/news/200703/2735.php |date=2016-03-04 }}, Joy Online, 22 August 2007.</ref> O ni daa nyɛ siyaasa niŋda maa zuɣu, ŋuni n-daa nyɛ ŋun daa piligi, n-daa diri liɣiri, ka lahi nyɛ tuuli zuɣulana zaŋ n-ti ''United Gold Coast convention'' (UGCC) Silimiin goli ''[[August]]'' yuuni 1947.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-03-22|title=Overpass to be named after Paa Grant|url=https://www.ofm.ghanaonline.com/news/overpass-to-be-named-after-paa-grant/|access-date=2020-08-03|website=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana pays tribute to founders' - Graphic Online|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-pays-tribute-to-founders.html|access-date=2020-08-05|website=www.graphic.com.gh|language=en-gb|archive-date=2021-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214131116/https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-pays-tribute-to-founders.html|url-status=live}}</ref> O nyɛla ninvuɣu so ŋun daa lahi pahi ninvuɣu shɛba ban daa tuhi deegi [[Ghana]].<ref>McFarland, Daniel Miles, "Grant, 'Pa' George Alfred", ''Historical Dictionary of Ghana'', 1985, p. 92.</ref> O nyɛla ŋun daa yo liɣiri [[Kwame Nkrumah]] Ghana labbuna zuɣu, din daa niŋ ka o be [[United States]]. Bɛ daa zaŋ o yuli maa "George Grant" n-zaŋ ti "roundabout" shɛli be [[Sekondi-Takoradi|Takoradi]] .Niriba pam nyɛla ban yɛli ni di ni niŋ viɛnyɛla di yi niŋ ka bɛ kaani ninvuɣ'shɛba ban tuhi deegi Ghana maŋsulinsi ka kali o pahi kamani 'Big Six '. ==Lahabali== ===Shikuru baŋsim mini piligu tuma === Grant nyɛla bɛ ni daa dɔɣi so yuuni 1878 tiŋ yuli booni Beyin, Nzema wulinluhili polo ka yina daabilgu daŋ shɛli niriba pam ni mi la. O ba n daa nyɛ William Minneaux Grant ka o ma nyɛ Madam Adjoa (Dwowa) Biatwi zaŋ n-ti Aboradze ''[[clan]]'', o yab'doo n daa nyɛ Francis Chapman Grant,<ref name=Biography /> ŋun daa lihiri ''Gold Coast Times zuɣu ka daa lahi nyɛ laɣ'sɔŋda zaŋ n-ti Fanti Confederation''.<ref name=Makers>"Grant, G. A. (1878–1956)", in ''Makers of Modern Africa: Profiles in History'', Africa Journal Ltd for Africa Books Ltd, 1981, pp. 189–90.</ref> Grant nyɛla ŋun karim o shikuru ''Wesleyan School'' din be [[Cape Coast]] saha ŋɔ sokam ni mi shɛli Mfantsipim School ŋun yori daa yirina sɔɣisinli ni Joseph D. Abraham sani, ŋun daa nyɛ o ba yikperilana la.<ref name=Biography /> Grant nyɛla ŋun daa kuli dɔli tumdi taankɔro dari daabiligu nim sani, tuuli o daa tum la Axim, ka daa lahi niŋ yuma anu [[Ivory Coast]].<ref name=Makers /> Yuuni 1896, o nyɛla ŋun daa piligi o maŋmaŋ daabilim ka daa bol'li George Grant and ''Company''.<ref name=Biography /> O daa nyɛla taankɔro dari daabi'kpɛŋ ka nyɛ ŋun daa yihiri li sambanni hali ka di daa ti niŋ bayana ''European companies'' puuni.<ref name=Makers /> O nyɛla ŋun daa chaŋ ''Britain'' yuuni 1905, lala saha ŋɔ duniya zaa tɔbu tuulli nyɛla din daa piligi yuuni 1914, o nyɛla ŋun daa niŋ daabilim ni daabi'kpɛma taankɔro dari kompaninima din be ''[[Europe]]'' mini ''[[United States]]''. Yuuni 1914 hali ni yuuni 1919 sunsuuni o daa nyɛla ŋun che ka o mini kpatoonsi maa tɔɣisi ka bɛ zaŋdi taankɔro dari maa n chani ''Britain'' mini USA. O nyɛla ŋun daa yoogi o maŋmaŋ ɔfisi [[London]], [[Liverpool]] n-ti pahi [[Hamburg]] bin din gbaai yuuni 1920 hali ni yuuni 1922 sunsuuni ka daa yɛligi o daabilim ŋɔ ''[[Gold Coast (British Colony)|Gold Coast]]'' tiŋsi kamani Dunkwa, [[Sekondi]] n-ti pahi Akim Abuakwa.<ref name=Makers /> Yuuni 1926 o nyɛla ninvuɣ so bɛ ni daa piigi niŋ ''Legislative Council'' ka o daa zani n-ti Sekondi. Grant nyɛla ŋun daa lahi be Aborigines ights Protection Society ka nyɛ ŋun daa sɔŋ ka lebigimsim tuma pam daa tum,<ref name=Biography /> di shɛli n-nlyɛ o daa piligi soya zuɣu niɣilim buɣum mini paapu kom Sekondi mini Axim.<ref name=JoyOnline /> ===Siyaasatali korisi mini bahigu biɛhigu=== Duniya zaa tɔbu din pahiri ayi la saha ni di nyaanga, Grant nyɛla ŋun daa baŋ ni gbaŋsabila ban be Gold Coast nyɛla ban daa diri wahala pam gbaŋpiɛlla sulinsi ni ka di nyɛ binshɛli din daa bi viɛlla,<ref name=Biography /> ka o daa kpuɣi niya ni o ni tuhi Africa nim suhuyurilim ni bɛ tumdi tuma maa zuɣu.<ref name=Makers /> O nyɛla ŋun daa gahi nuu boli [[J. B. Danquah]] mini ban daa pahi ni bɛ ti gbaagi n kpa ''nationalist party''. Niriba pihinahi, bɛ shɛba n nyɛ alikaali niriba R. A. Awoonor-Williams, [[Edward Akufo-Addo]] n-ti pahi [[Emmanuel Obetsebi-Lamptey]] daa nyɛla ban daa laɣim taba ''Saltpond'' n daa kpa ''United Gold Coast Convention'' (UGCC) silimin goli ''[[August]]'' daba anahi dali yuuni 1947 ka bɛ niya daa nyɛ bɛ borimi ni bɛ deegi bɛ maŋsulinsi. [[Kwame Nkrumah]] nyɛla ninvuɣ'so bɛ ni daa piigi UGCC gbaŋsabira, [[Ebenezer Ako-Adjei]] ni daa zaŋ o n wuhi ba maa nyaanga,<ref name=JoyOnline /> ka Grant daa yo Nkrumah liɣiri din daa yiɣisi £100 ni o zaŋ niŋ ŋarim chaaji n yi [[Liverpool]] labina Ghana.<ref>Birmingham, David, ''Kwame Nkrumah: The Father of African Nationalism'' (revised edition), Ohio University Press, 1998.</ref> Di nyaaŋa, Nkrumah nyɛla ŋun daa yi (UGCC) ka daa kpa Convention People Party (CPP), ka Grant mi daa kuli zaŋ o zaɣa niŋ o daabilim ni n gari siyaasa tali. Amaa bɛ daa nyɛla ban daa mali saawara ni taba, Nkrumah daa kaai la Grant di daba ayi dali ka o daa kani Axim tiŋgbanni Silimiin goli October biɛɣ'pihita dali yuuni 1956, saha shɛli o ni daa nyɛ yuun pihinii ayi ka.<ref name=JoyOnline /> Yuuni 1955 o nyɛla ŋun daa gbaai doro shɛli ka daa koŋ alaafee nyabu hali ka ti kpi.<ref>Grant-Acquah, Sarah Esi, [http://www.ghanaculture.gov.gh/index1.php?linkid=338&archiveid=549&page=1&adate=14/02/2007 "In the beginning was…PAA GRANT - And the UGCC"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031133034/http://www.ghanaculture.gov.gh/index1.php?linkid=338&archiveid=549&page=1&adate=14%2F02%2F2007 |date=2018-10-31 }}. From ''Daily Graphic'', 14 February 2007, via National Commission on Culture.</ref> == Daŋ mini maŋmaŋ biɛhigu == Saha ŋɔ o bi'shɛba ban be bɛ nyɛvuya puuni nyɛ Sarah Esi Grant, Mrs Rosamond Hammond-Grant, William Minneaux Grant n-ti pahi yaansi mini yaantib'chɛhi. Sarah Esi Grant-Acquah bia nyɛ alikaali nira [[Phyllis Christian]].<ref>Christian, Phyllis M., [https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/opinion/the-sacrifices-men-make-a-memorial-to-george-alfred-grant.html "The sacrifices men make - A memorial to George Alfred Grant"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414125821/https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/opinion/the-sacrifices-men-make-a-memorial-to-george-alfred-grant.html |date=2019-04-14 }}, ''Graphic Online'', 30 October 2017.</ref> O yaansi shɛba nyɛ: Georgina Grant, Margaret Grant, Stella Blay-Kwofie, Christine Blay-Kwofie, Dorothy Blay-Kwofie, Joyce Christian, Letitia Hammond, Rosamond Hammond, James Hemans Hammond, Matilda Hammond, Georgina Hammond, Emmanuel Hammond, George Hammond, Alberta Hammond, Lawrence Hammond, Yvonne Hammond, Samuel Duker-Ako, George Grant, Felix Grant, Sabina Grant, Kweku Robert Grant, Kwesi Brown Grant, Frances Grant, Maame Efua Lartey-Grant, Sefa Gohoho zaŋ n-ti Songhai Africa, Panafrican Luxury Consumer Goods. Niriba pam ni mi yaan shɛba nyɛ:Angela Kukua Blay-Kwofie, Kwesi, Blay-Kwofie. ==Teeisim mini yuli zalibu== Bɛ ni daa yɛn niŋ nintiɣili ni Grant kpaŋmaŋ zaŋ n-ti Ghana maŋsulinsi deebu, Ghana gomnanti nyɛla ŋun daa zaŋ o yuli n-ti "flyover" palli Caprice din be Accra.<ref>[http://www.modernghana.com/news/132588/1/paa-grant-honoured.html "Paa Grant Honoured"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063307/http://www.modernghana.com/news/132588/1/paa-grant-honoured.html |date=2016-03-04 }}, ''Modern Ghana'', 21 March 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Flyover-to-be-named-after-Paa-Grant-121100 "Flyover to be named after Paa Grant"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106012006/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Flyover-to-be-named-after-Paa-Grant-121100 |date=2017-01-06 }}, ''GhanaWeb'', 20 March 2007.</ref> === Paa Grant Soccer Academy === Paa Grant Soccer Academy ŋɔ nyɛla Kim Tyrone Grant ni daa piligi shɛli yuuni 2009, o nyɛla boli ŋmɛri kuro zaŋ n-ti Ghana Black Stars ni o niŋ nintiɣibu zaŋ n-ti o yab'doo kpaŋmaŋ zaŋ chaŋ Ghana maŋsulinsi deebu bin din gbaai gbaŋpiɛlla gbubu saha zaŋ hali ni yuuni 1957.<ref>[http://www.thepaagrantsa.com/the_academy.php "Academy History"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626181404/http://www.thepaagrantsa.com/the_academy.php |date=26 June 2012 }}, The Paa Grant Soccer Academy Official Website.</ref> === George Grant University of Mines and Technology === Silimiin goli January biɛɣ'pinaayi dali yuuni 2018, President Akufo-Addo nyɛla ŋun daa taɣi University of Mines and Technology (UMaT) din be Western Region zaŋ n-ti Ghana yuli labisi George Grant University of Mines and Technology ni di wuhi nintiɣibu shɛli bɛ ni niŋ zaŋ n-ti kpaŋmaŋ shɛli o ni daa niŋ Ghana maŋsulinsi deebu ni n-ti pahi o ni daa nyɛ bilichini zaŋ n-ti western region zuɣu.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=13 January 2018|title=President applauds UMaT for renaming institution after George Grant - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/president-applauds-umat-for-renaming-institution-after-george-grant/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823123809/https://www.myjoyonline.com/president-applauds-umat-for-renaming-institution-after-george-grant/|archive-date=2021-08-23|access-date=2021-01-13|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Opoku|first=Emmanuel|date=2018-01-15|title=UMaT Renamed After Paa Grant|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/umat-renamed-paa-grant/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823123811/https://dailyguidenetwork.com/umat-renamed-paa-grant/|archive-date=2021-08-23|access-date=2021-01-13|website=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Aryeh|first=Felix L.|title=UMaT renamed George Grant University of Mines and Technology|url=https://www.umat.edu.gh/index.php/media-press/happenings/news-events/551-umat-renamed-george-grant-university-of-mines-and-technology|access-date=2021-01-13|website=www.umat.edu.gh|language=en-gb|archive-date=2021-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823123809/https://www.umat.edu.gh/index.php/media-press/happenings/news-events/551-umat-renamed-george-grant-university-of-mines-and-technology|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Kundivihira== {{reflist|30em}} <!--A living legend . hirovGrant--> ==Further reading== * Ako Adjei, ''The Life and Work of George Alfred Grant (Paa Grant)'', Accra: Waterville Pub. House, 1992, 31 pp. [[Pubu:Lahabaya zaa]] 38v2miij74wz2e2kjxmr2bz1v9hvq62 116184 116183 2025-06-24T12:28:41Z Phasy GH 5787 I have corrected a text 116184 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bio}} [[Lahabali kɔligu:Alfred Tarski 1968 (as-is, cropped).jpg|thumb|added picture]] [[Lahabali kɔligu:George A. Hill 1890.jpg|thumb|George A. Hill]] '''George Alfred Grant''' , ka niriba pam mi o '''Paa Grant''' (bɛ daa dɔɣi o la Silimiin goli ''[[August]]'' biɛɣ'pia ni anu dali yuuni 1878 ka o daa kani Silimiin goli October biɛɣ'pihita dali yuuni 1956), daa nyɛla "merchant" mini siyaasa nira m be [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]]<ref name="Biography">[http://www.thepaagrantsa.com/biography.html Biography, The Paa Grant Soccer Academy Official Website.] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20110308212636/http://www.thepaagrantsa.com/biography.html |date=8 March 2011 }}</ref> ka nyɛ bɛ ni daa boli so "''[[Gold Coast (British Colony)|Gold Coast]]'' siyaasa tali ba" la.<ref name="JoyOnline">[http://politics.myjoyonline.com/pages/news/200703/2735.php "Overpass to be named after Paa Grant"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030100/http://politics.myjoyonline.com/pages/news/200703/2735.php |date=2016-03-04 }}, Joy Online, 22 August 2007.</ref> O ni daa nyɛ siyaasa niŋda maa zuɣu, ŋuni n-daa nyɛ ŋun daa piligi, n-daa diri liɣiri, ka lahi nyɛ tuuli zuɣulana zaŋ n-ti ''United Gold Coast convention'' (UGCC) Silimiin goli ''[[August]]'' yuuni 1947.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-03-22|title=Overpass to be named after Paa Grant|url=https://www.ofm.ghanaonline.com/news/overpass-to-be-named-after-paa-grant/|access-date=2020-08-03|website=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana pays tribute to founders' - Graphic Online|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-pays-tribute-to-founders.html|access-date=2020-08-05|website=www.graphic.com.gh|language=en-gb|archive-date=2021-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214131116/https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-pays-tribute-to-founders.html|url-status=live}}</ref> O nyɛla ninvuɣu so ŋun daa lahi pahi ninvuɣu shɛba ban daa tuhi deegi [[Ghana]].<ref>McFarland, Daniel Miles, "Grant, 'Pa' George Alfred", ''Historical Dictionary of Ghana'', 1985, p. 92.</ref> O nyɛla ŋun daa yo liɣiri [[Kwame Nkrumah]] Ghana labbuna zuɣu, din daa niŋ ka o be [[United States]]. Bɛ daa zaŋ o yuli maa "George Grant" n-zaŋ ti "roundabout" shɛli be [[Sekondi-Takoradi|Takoradi]] .Niriba pam nyɛla ban yɛli ni di ni niŋ viɛnyɛla di yi niŋ ka bɛ kaani ninvuɣ'shɛba ban tuhi deegi Ghana maŋsulinsi ka kali o pahi kamani 'Big Six '. ==Lahabali== ===Shikuru baŋsim mini piligu tuma === Grant nyɛla bɛ ni daa dɔɣi so yuuni 1878 tiŋ yuli booni Beyin, Nzema wulinluhili polo ka yina daabilgu daŋ shɛli niriba pam ni mi la. O ba n daa nyɛ William Minneaux Grant ka o ma nyɛ Madam Adjoa (Dwowa) Biatwi zaŋ n-ti Aboradze ''[[clan]]'', o yab'doo n daa nyɛ Francis Chapman Grant,<ref name=Biography /> ŋun daa lihiri ''Gold Coast Times zuɣu ka daa lahi nyɛ laɣ'sɔŋda zaŋ n-ti Fanti Confederation''.<ref name=Makers>"Grant, G. A. (1878–1956)", in ''Makers of Modern Africa: Profiles in History'', Africa Journal Ltd for Africa Books Ltd, 1981, pp. 189–90.</ref> Grant nyɛla ŋun karim o shikuru ''Wesleyan School'' din be [[Cape Coast]] saha ŋɔ sokam ni mi shɛli Mfantsipim School ŋun yori daa yirina sɔɣisinli ni Joseph D. Abraham sani, ŋun daa nyɛ o ba yikperilana la.<ref name=Biography /> Grant nyɛla ŋun daa kuli dɔli tumdi taankɔro dari daabiligu nim sani, tuuli o daa tum la Axim, ka daa lahi niŋ yuma anu [[Ivory Coast]].<ref name=Makers /> Yuuni 1896, o nyɛla ŋun daa piligi o maŋmaŋ daabilim ka daa bol'li George Grant and ''Company''.<ref name=Biography /> O daa nyɛla taankɔro dari daabi'kpɛŋ ka nyɛ ŋun daa yihiri li sambanni hali ka di daa ti niŋ bayana ''European companies'' puuni.<ref name=Makers /> O nyɛla ŋun daa chaŋ ''Britain'' yuuni 1905, lala saha ŋɔ duniya zaa tɔbu tuulli nyɛla din daa piligi yuuni 1914, o nyɛla ŋun daa niŋ daabilim ni daabi'kpɛma taankɔro dari kompaninima din be ''[[Europe]]'' mini ''[[United States]]''. Yuuni 1914 hali ni yuuni 1919 sunsuuni o daa nyɛla ŋun che ka o mini kpatoonsi maa tɔɣisi ka bɛ zaŋdi taankɔro dari maa n chani ''Britain'' mini USA. O nyɛla ŋun daa yoogi o maŋmaŋ ɔfisi [[London]], [[Liverpool]] n-ti pahi [[Hamburg]] bin din gbaai yuuni 1920 hali ni yuuni 1922 sunsuuni ka daa yɛligi o daabilim ŋɔ ''[[Gold Coast (British Colony)|Gold Coast]]'' tiŋsi kamani Dunkwa, [[Sekondi]] n-ti pahi Akim Abuakwa.<ref name=Makers /> Yuuni 1926 o nyɛla ninvuɣ so bɛ ni daa piigi niŋ ''Legislative Council'' ka o daa zani n-ti Sekondi. Grant nyɛla ŋun daa lahi be Aborigines ights Protection Society ka nyɛ ŋun daa sɔŋ ka lebigimsim tuma pam daa tum,<ref name=Biography /> di shɛli n-nlyɛ o daa piligi soya zuɣu niɣilim buɣum mini paapu kom Sekondi mini Axim.<ref name=JoyOnline /> ===Siyaasatali korisi mini bahigu biɛhigu=== Duniya zaa tɔbu din pahiri ayi la saha ni di nyaanga, Grant nyɛla ŋun daa baŋ ni gbaŋsabila ban be Gold Coast nyɛla ban daa diri wahala pam gbaŋpiɛlla sulinsi ni ka di nyɛ binshɛli din daa bi viɛlla,<ref name=Biography /> ka o daa kpuɣi niya ni o ni tuhi Africa nim suhuyurilim ni bɛ tumdi tuma maa zuɣu.<ref name=Makers /> O nyɛla ŋun daa gahi nuu boli [[J. B. Danquah]] mini ban daa pahi ni bɛ ti gbaagi n kpa ''nationalist party''. Niriba pihinahi, bɛ shɛba n nyɛ alikaali niriba R. A. Awoonor-Williams, [[Edward Akufo-Addo]] n-ti pahi [[Emmanuel Obetsebi-Lamptey]] daa nyɛla ban daa laɣim taba ''Saltpond'' n daa kpa ''United Gold Coast Convention'' (UGCC) silimin goli ''[[August]]'' daba anahi dali yuuni 1947 ka bɛ niya daa nyɛ bɛ borimi ni bɛ deegi bɛ maŋsulinsi. [[Kwame Nkrumah]] nyɛla ninvuɣ'so bɛ ni daa piigi UGCC gbaŋsabira, [[Ebenezer Ako-Adjei]] ni daa zaŋ o n wuhi ba maa nyaanga,<ref name=JoyOnline /> ka Grant daa yo Nkrumah liɣiri din daa yiɣisi £100 ni o zaŋ niŋ ŋarim chaaji n yi [[Liverpool]] labina Ghana.<ref>Birmingham, David, ''Kwame Nkrumah: The Father of African Nationalism'' (revised edition), Ohio University Press, 1998.</ref> Di nyaaŋa, Nkrumah nyɛla ŋun daa yi (UGCC) ka daa kpa Convention People Party (CPP), ka Grant mi daa kuli zaŋ o zaɣa niŋ o daabilim ni n gari siyaasa tali. Amaa bɛ daa nyɛla ban daa mali saawara ni taba, Nkrumah daa kaai la Grant di daba ayi dali ka o daa kani Axim tiŋgbanni Silimiin goli October biɛɣ'pihita dali yuuni 1956, saha shɛli o ni daa nyɛ yuun pihinii ayi ka.<ref name=JoyOnline /> Yuuni 1955 o nyɛla ŋun daa gbaai dɔro o zuɣupurini ka daa koŋ alaafee nyabu hali n ti kani.<ref>Grant-Acquah, Sarah Esi, [http://www.ghanaculture.gov.gh/index1.php?linkid=338&archiveid=549&page=1&adate=14/02/2007 "In the beginning was…PAA GRANT - And the UGCC"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031133034/http://www.ghanaculture.gov.gh/index1.php?linkid=338&archiveid=549&page=1&adate=14%2F02%2F2007 |date=2018-10-31 }}. From ''Daily Graphic'', 14 February 2007, via National Commission on Culture.</ref> == Daŋ mini maŋmaŋ biɛhigu == Saha ŋɔ o bi'shɛba ban be bɛ nyɛvuya puuni nyɛ Sarah Esi Grant, Mrs Rosamond Hammond-Grant, William Minneaux Grant n-ti pahi yaansi mini yaantib'chɛhi. Sarah Esi Grant-Acquah bia nyɛ alikaali nira [[Phyllis Christian]].<ref>Christian, Phyllis M., [https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/opinion/the-sacrifices-men-make-a-memorial-to-george-alfred-grant.html "The sacrifices men make - A memorial to George Alfred Grant"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414125821/https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/opinion/the-sacrifices-men-make-a-memorial-to-george-alfred-grant.html |date=2019-04-14 }}, ''Graphic Online'', 30 October 2017.</ref> O yaansi shɛba nyɛ: Georgina Grant, Margaret Grant, Stella Blay-Kwofie, Christine Blay-Kwofie, Dorothy Blay-Kwofie, Joyce Christian, Letitia Hammond, Rosamond Hammond, James Hemans Hammond, Matilda Hammond, Georgina Hammond, Emmanuel Hammond, George Hammond, Alberta Hammond, Lawrence Hammond, Yvonne Hammond, Samuel Duker-Ako, George Grant, Felix Grant, Sabina Grant, Kweku Robert Grant, Kwesi Brown Grant, Frances Grant, Maame Efua Lartey-Grant, Sefa Gohoho zaŋ n-ti Songhai Africa, Panafrican Luxury Consumer Goods. Niriba pam ni mi yaan shɛba nyɛ:Angela Kukua Blay-Kwofie, Kwesi, Blay-Kwofie. ==Teeisim mini yuli zalibu== Bɛ ni daa yɛn niŋ nintiɣili ni Grant kpaŋmaŋ zaŋ n-ti Ghana maŋsulinsi deebu, Ghana gomnanti nyɛla ŋun daa zaŋ o yuli n-ti "flyover" palli Caprice din be Accra.<ref>[http://www.modernghana.com/news/132588/1/paa-grant-honoured.html "Paa Grant Honoured"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063307/http://www.modernghana.com/news/132588/1/paa-grant-honoured.html |date=2016-03-04 }}, ''Modern Ghana'', 21 March 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Flyover-to-be-named-after-Paa-Grant-121100 "Flyover to be named after Paa Grant"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106012006/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Flyover-to-be-named-after-Paa-Grant-121100 |date=2017-01-06 }}, ''GhanaWeb'', 20 March 2007.</ref> === Paa Grant Soccer Academy === Paa Grant Soccer Academy ŋɔ nyɛla Kim Tyrone Grant ni daa piligi shɛli yuuni 2009, o nyɛla boli ŋmɛri kuro zaŋ n-ti Ghana Black Stars ni o niŋ nintiɣibu zaŋ n-ti o yab'doo kpaŋmaŋ zaŋ chaŋ Ghana maŋsulinsi deebu bin din gbaai gbaŋpiɛlla gbubu saha zaŋ hali ni yuuni 1957.<ref>[http://www.thepaagrantsa.com/the_academy.php "Academy History"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626181404/http://www.thepaagrantsa.com/the_academy.php |date=26 June 2012 }}, The Paa Grant Soccer Academy Official Website.</ref> === George Grant University of Mines and Technology === Silimiin goli January biɛɣ'pinaayi dali yuuni 2018, President Akufo-Addo nyɛla ŋun daa taɣi University of Mines and Technology (UMaT) din be Western Region zaŋ n-ti Ghana yuli labisi George Grant University of Mines and Technology ni di wuhi nintiɣibu shɛli bɛ ni niŋ zaŋ n-ti kpaŋmaŋ shɛli o ni daa niŋ Ghana maŋsulinsi deebu ni n-ti pahi o ni daa nyɛ bilichini zaŋ n-ti western region zuɣu.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=13 January 2018|title=President applauds UMaT for renaming institution after George Grant - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/president-applauds-umat-for-renaming-institution-after-george-grant/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823123809/https://www.myjoyonline.com/president-applauds-umat-for-renaming-institution-after-george-grant/|archive-date=2021-08-23|access-date=2021-01-13|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Opoku|first=Emmanuel|date=2018-01-15|title=UMaT Renamed After Paa Grant|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/umat-renamed-paa-grant/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823123811/https://dailyguidenetwork.com/umat-renamed-paa-grant/|archive-date=2021-08-23|access-date=2021-01-13|website=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Aryeh|first=Felix L.|title=UMaT renamed George Grant University of Mines and Technology|url=https://www.umat.edu.gh/index.php/media-press/happenings/news-events/551-umat-renamed-george-grant-university-of-mines-and-technology|access-date=2021-01-13|website=www.umat.edu.gh|language=en-gb|archive-date=2021-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823123809/https://www.umat.edu.gh/index.php/media-press/happenings/news-events/551-umat-renamed-george-grant-university-of-mines-and-technology|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Kundivihira== {{reflist|30em}} <!--A living legend . hirovGrant--> ==Further reading== * Ako Adjei, ''The Life and Work of George Alfred Grant (Paa Grant)'', Accra: Waterville Pub. House, 1992, 31 pp. [[Pubu:Lahabaya zaa]] t4yfsuk9s0dqqgzkozftnlwdo681u2r 116185 116184 2025-06-24T13:11:06Z Phasy GH 5787 I have closed a gap 116185 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bio}} [[Lahabali kɔligu:Alfred Tarski 1968 (as-is, cropped).jpg|thumb|added picture]] [[Lahabali kɔligu:George A. Hill 1890.jpg|thumb|George A. Hill]] '''George Alfred Grant''' , ka niriba pam mi o '''Paa Grant''' (bɛ daa dɔɣi o la Silimiin goli ''[[August]]'' biɛɣ'pia ni anu dali yuuni 1878 ka o daa kani Silimiin goli October biɛɣ'pihita dali yuuni 1956), daa nyɛla "merchant" mini siyaasa nira m be [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]]<ref name="Biography">[http://www.thepaagrantsa.com/biography.html Biography, The Paa Grant Soccer Academy Official Website.] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20110308212636/http://www.thepaagrantsa.com/biography.html |date=8 March 2011 }}</ref> ka nyɛ bɛ ni daa boli so "''[[Gold Coast (British Colony)|Gold Coast]]'' siyaasa tali ba" la.<ref name="JoyOnline">[http://politics.myjoyonline.com/pages/news/200703/2735.php "Overpass to be named after Paa Grant"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030100/http://politics.myjoyonline.com/pages/news/200703/2735.php |date=2016-03-04 }}, Joy Online, 22 August 2007.</ref> O ni daa nyɛ siyaasa niŋda maa zuɣu, ŋuni n-daa nyɛ ŋun daa piligi, n-daa diri liɣiri, ka lahi nyɛ tuuli zuɣulana zaŋ n-ti ''United Gold Coast convention'' (UGCC) Silimiin goli ''[[August]]'' yuuni 1947.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-03-22|title=Overpass to be named after Paa Grant|url=https://www.ofm.ghanaonline.com/news/overpass-to-be-named-after-paa-grant/|access-date=2020-08-03|website=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana pays tribute to founders' - Graphic Online|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-pays-tribute-to-founders.html|access-date=2020-08-05|website=www.graphic.com.gh|language=en-gb|archive-date=2021-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214131116/https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-pays-tribute-to-founders.html|url-status=live}}</ref> O nyɛla ninvuɣu so ŋun daa lahi pahi ninvuɣu shɛba ban daa tuhi deegi [[Ghana]].<ref>McFarland, Daniel Miles, "Grant, 'Pa' George Alfred", ''Historical Dictionary of Ghana'', 1985, p. 92.</ref> O nyɛla ŋun daa yo liɣiri [[Kwame Nkrumah]] Ghana labbuna zuɣu, din daa niŋ ka o be [[United States]]. Bɛ daa zaŋ o yuli maa "George Grant" n-zaŋ ti "roundabout" shɛli be [[Sekondi-Takoradi|Takoradi]] .Niriba pam nyɛla ban yɛli ni di ni niŋ viɛnyɛla di yi niŋ ka bɛ kaani ninvuɣ'shɛba ban tuhi deegi Ghana maŋsulinsi ka kali o pahi kamani 'Big Six '. ==Lahabali== ===Shikuru baŋsim mini piligu tuma === Grant nyɛla bɛ ni daa dɔɣi so yuuni 1878 tiŋ yuli booni Beyin, Nzema wulinluhili polo ka yina daabilgu daŋ shɛli niriba pam ni mi la. O ba n daa nyɛ William Minneaux Grant ka o ma nyɛ Madam Adjoa (Dwowa) Biatwi zaŋ n-ti Aboradze ''[[clan]]'', o yab'doo n daa nyɛ Francis Chapman Grant,<ref name=Biography /> ŋun daa lihiri ''Gold Coast Times zuɣu ka daa lahi nyɛ laɣ'sɔŋda zaŋ n-ti Fanti Confederation''.<ref name=Makers>"Grant, G. A. (1878–1956)", in ''Makers of Modern Africa: Profiles in History'', Africa Journal Ltd for Africa Books Ltd, 1981, pp. 189–90.</ref> Grant nyɛla ŋun karim o shikuru ''Wesleyan School'' din be [[Cape Coast]] saha ŋɔ sokam ni mi shɛli Mfantsipim School ŋun yori daa yirina sɔɣisinli ni Joseph D. Abraham sani, ŋun daa nyɛ o ba yikperilana la.<ref name=Biography /> Grant nyɛla ŋun daa kuli dɔli tumdi taankɔro dari daabiligu nim sani, tuuli o daa tum la Axim, ka daa lahi niŋ yuma anu [[Ivory Coast]].<ref name=Makers /> Yuuni 1896, o nyɛla ŋun daa piligi o maŋmaŋ daabilim ka daa bol'li George Grant and ''Company''.<ref name=Biography /> O daa nyɛla taankɔro dari daabi'kpɛŋ ka nyɛ ŋun daa yihiri li sambanni hali ka di daa ti niŋ bayana ''European companies'' puuni.<ref name=Makers /> O nyɛla ŋun daa chaŋ ''Britain'' yuuni 1905, lala saha ŋɔ duniya zaa tɔbu tuulli nyɛla din daa piligi yuuni 1914, o nyɛla ŋun daa niŋ daabilim ni daabi'kpɛma taankɔro dari kompaninima din be ''[[Europe]]'' mini ''[[United States]]''. Yuuni 1914 hali ni yuuni 1919 sunsuuni o daa nyɛla ŋun che ka o mini kpatoonsi maa tɔɣisi ka bɛ zaŋdi taankɔro dari maa n chani ''Britain'' mini USA. O nyɛla ŋun daa yoogi o maŋmaŋ ɔfisi [[London]], [[Liverpool]] n-ti pahi [[Hamburg]] bin din gbaai yuuni 1920 hali ni yuuni 1922 sunsuuni ka daa yɛligi o daabilim ŋɔ ''[[Gold Coast (British Colony)|Gold Coast]]'' tiŋsi kamani Dunkwa, [[Sekondi]] n-ti pahi Akim Abuakwa.<ref name=Makers /> Yuuni 1926 o nyɛla ninvuɣ so bɛ ni daa piigi niŋ ''Legislative Council'' ka o daa zani n-ti Sekondi. Grant nyɛla ŋun daa lahi be Aborigines ights Protection Society ka nyɛ ŋun daa sɔŋ ka lebigimsim tuma pam daa tum,<ref name=Biography /> di shɛli n-nlyɛ o daa piligi soya zuɣu niɣilim buɣum mini paapu kom Sekondi mini Axim.<ref name=JoyOnline /> ===Siyaasatali korisi mini bahigu biɛhigu=== Duniya zaa tɔbu din pahiri ayi la saha ni di nyaanga, Grant nyɛla ŋun daa baŋ ni gbaŋsabila ban be Gold Coast nyɛla ban daa diri wahala pam gbaŋpiɛlla sulinsi ni ka di nyɛ binshɛli din daa bi viɛlla,<ref name=Biography /> ka o daa kpuɣi niya ni o ni tuhi Africa nim suhuyurilim ni bɛ tumdi tuma maa zuɣu.<ref name=Makers /> O nyɛla ŋun daa gahi nuu boli [[J. B. Danquah]] mini ban daa pahi ni bɛ ti gbaagi n kpa ''nationalist party''. Niriba pihinahi, bɛ shɛba n nyɛ alikaali niriba R. A. Awoonor-Williams, [[Edward Akufo-Addo]] n-ti pahi [[Emmanuel Obetsebi-Lamptey]] daa nyɛla ban daa laɣim taba ''Saltpond'' n daa kpa ''United Gold Coast Convention'' (UGCC) silimin goli ''[[August]]'' daba anahi dali yuuni 1947 ka bɛ niya daa nyɛ bɛ borimi ni bɛ deegi bɛ maŋsulinsi. [[Kwame Nkrumah]] nyɛla ninvuɣ'so bɛ ni daa piigi UGCC gbaŋsabira, [[Ebenezer Ako-Adjei]] ni daa zaŋ o n wuhi ba maa nyaanga,<ref name=JoyOnline /> ka Grant daa yo Nkrumah liɣiri din daa yiɣisi £100 ni o zaŋ niŋ ŋarim chaaji n yi [[Liverpool]] labina Ghana.<ref>Birmingham, David, ''Kwame Nkrumah: The Father of African Nationalism'' (revised edition), Ohio University Press, 1998.</ref> Di nyaaŋa, Nkrumah nyɛla ŋun daa yi (UGCC) ka daa kpa Convention People Party (CPP), ka Grant mi daa kuli zaŋ o zaɣa niŋ o daabilim ni n gari siyaasa tali. Amaa bɛ daa nyɛla ban daa mali saawara ni taba, Nkrumah daa kaai la Grant di daba ayi dali ka o daa kani Axim tiŋgbanni Silimiin goli October biɛɣ'pihita dali yuuni 1956, saha shɛli o ni daa nyɛ yuun pihinii ayi ka.<ref name=JoyOnline /> Yuuni 1955 o nyɛla ŋun daa gbaai dɔro o zuɣupurini ka daa koŋ alaafee nyabu hali n ti kani.<ref>Grant-Acquah, Sarah Esi, [http://www.ghanaculture.gov.gh/index1.php?linkid=338&archiveid=549&page=1&adate=14/02/2007 "In the beginning was…PAA GRANT - And the UGCC"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031133034/http://www.ghanaculture.gov.gh/index1.php?linkid=338&archiveid=549&page=1&adate=14%2F02%2F2007 |date=2018-10-31 }}. From ''Daily Graphic'', 14 February 2007, via National Commission on Culture.</ref> == Daŋ mini maŋmaŋ biɛhigu == Saha ŋɔ o bi'shɛba ban be bɛ nyɛvuya puuni nyɛ Sarah Esi Grant, Mrs Rosamond Hammond-Grant, William Minneaux Grant n-ti pahi yaansi mini yaantib'chɛhi. Sarah Esi Grant-Acquah bia nyɛ alikaali nira [[Phyllis Christian]].<ref>Christian, Phyllis M., [https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/opinion/the-sacrifices-men-make-a-memorial-to-george-alfred-grant.html "The sacrifices men make - A memorial to George Alfred Grant"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414125821/https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/opinion/the-sacrifices-men-make-a-memorial-to-george-alfred-grant.html |date=2019-04-14 }}, ''Graphic Online'', 30 October 2017.</ref> O yaansi shɛba nyɛ: Georgina Grant, Margaret Grant, Stella Blay-Kwofie, Christine Blay-Kwofie, Dorothy Blay-Kwofie, Joyce Christian, Letitia Hammond, Rosamond Hammond, James Hemans Hammond, Matilda Hammond, Georgina Hammond, Emmanuel Hammond, George Hammond, Alberta Hammond, Lawrence Hammond, Yvonne Hammond, Samuel Duker-Ako, George Grant, Felix Grant, Sabina Grant, Kweku Robert Grant, Kwesi Brown Grant, Frances Grant, Maame Efua Lartey-Grant, Sefa Gohoho zaŋ n-ti Songhai Africa, Panafrican Luxury Consumer Goods. Niriba pam ni mi yaan shɛba nyɛ:Angela Kukua Blay-Kwofie, Kwesi, Blay-Kwofie. ==Teeisim mini yuli zalibu== Bɛ ni daa yɛn niŋ nintiɣili ni Grant kpaŋmaŋ zaŋ n-ti Ghana maŋsulinsi deebu, Ghana gomnanti nyɛla ŋun daa zaŋ o yuli n-ti "flyover" palli Caprice din be Accra.<ref>[http://www.modernghana.com/news/132588/1/paa-grant-honoured.html "Paa Grant Honoured"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063307/http://www.modernghana.com/news/132588/1/paa-grant-honoured.html |date=2016-03-04 }}, ''Modern Ghana'', 21 March 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Flyover-to-be-named-after-Paa-Grant-121100 "Flyover to be named after Paa Grant"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106012006/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Flyover-to-be-named-after-Paa-Grant-121100 |date=2017-01-06 }}, ''GhanaWeb'', 20 March 2007.</ref> === Paa Grant Soccer Academy === Paa Grant Soccer Academy ŋɔ nyɛla Kim Tyrone Grant ni daa piligi shɛli yuuni 2009, o nyɛla boli ŋmɛri kuro zaŋ n-ti Ghana Black Stars ni o niŋ nintiɣibu zaŋ n-ti o yab'doo kpaŋmaŋ zaŋ chaŋ Ghana maŋsulinsi deebu bin din gbaai gbaŋpiɛlla gbubu saha zaŋ hali ni yuuni 1957.<ref>[http://www.thepaagrantsa.com/the_academy.php "Academy History"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626181404/http://www.thepaagrantsa.com/the_academy.php |date=26 June 2012 }}, The Paa Grant Soccer Academy Official Website.</ref> === George Grant University of Mines and Technology === Silimiin goli January biɛɣ'pinaayi dali yuuni 2018, President Akufo-Addo nyɛla ŋun daa taɣi University of Mines and Technology (UMaT) din be Western Region zaŋ n-ti Ghana yuli labisi George Grant University of Mines and Technology ni di wuhi nintiɣibu shɛli bɛ ni niŋ zaŋ n-ti kpaŋmaŋ shɛli o ni daa niŋ Ghana maŋsulinsi deebu ni n-ti pahi o ni daa nyɛ bilichini zaŋ n-ti western region zuɣu.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=13 January 2018|title=President applauds UMaT for renaming institution after George Grant - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/president-applauds-umat-for-renaming-institution-after-george-grant/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823123809/https://www.myjoyonline.com/president-applauds-umat-for-renaming-institution-after-george-grant/|archive-date=2021-08-23|access-date=2021-01-13|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Opoku|first=Emmanuel|date=2018-01-15|title=UMaT Renamed After Paa Grant|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/umat-renamed-paa-grant/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823123811/https://dailyguidenetwork.com/umat-renamed-paa-grant/|archive-date=2021-08-23|access-date=2021-01-13|website=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Aryeh|first=Felix L.|title=UMaT renamed George Grant University of Mines and Technology|url=https://www.umat.edu.gh/index.php/media-press/happenings/news-events/551-umat-renamed-george-grant-university-of-mines-and-technology|access-date=2021-01-13|website=www.umat.edu.gh|language=en-gb|archive-date=2021-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823123809/https://www.umat.edu.gh/index.php/media-press/happenings/news-events/551-umat-renamed-george-grant-university-of-mines-and-technology|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Kundivihira== {{reflist|30em}} <!--A living legend . hirovGrant--> ==Further reading== * Ako Adjei, ''The Life and Work of George Alfred Grant (Paa Grant)'', Accra: Waterville Pub. House, 1992, 31 pp. [[Pubu:Lahabaya zaa]] de9p4xzvw24l657rabna2917h2t3m0h 116189 116185 2025-06-24T16:03:57Z Alhaj Darajaati 22 Remove wrong template 116189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bio}} [[Lahabali kɔligu:Alfred Tarski 1968 (as-is, cropped).jpg|thumb|added picture]] [[Lahabali kɔligu:George A. Hill 1890.jpg|thumb|George A. Hill]] '''George Alfred Grant''' , ka niriba pam mi o '''Paa Grant''' (bɛ daa dɔɣi o la Silimiin goli ''[[August]]'' biɛɣ'pia ni anu dali yuuni 1878 ka o daa kani Silimiin goli October biɛɣ'pihita dali yuuni 1956), daa nyɛla "merchant" mini siyaasa nira m be [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]]<ref name="Biography">[http://www.thepaagrantsa.com/biography.html Biography, The Paa Grant Soccer Academy Official Website.] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20110308212636/http://www.thepaagrantsa.com/biography.html |date=8 March 2011 }}</ref> ka nyɛ bɛ ni daa boli so "''[[Gold Coast (British Colony)|Gold Coast]]'' siyaasa tali ba" la.<ref name="JoyOnline">[http://politics.myjoyonline.com/pages/news/200703/2735.php "Overpass to be named after Paa Grant"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030100/http://politics.myjoyonline.com/pages/news/200703/2735.php |date=2016-03-04 }}, Joy Online, 22 August 2007.</ref> O ni daa nyɛ siyaasa niŋda maa zuɣu, ŋuni n-daa nyɛ ŋun daa piligi, n-daa diri liɣiri, ka lahi nyɛ tuuli zuɣulana zaŋ n-ti ''United Gold Coast convention'' (UGCC) Silimiin goli ''[[August]]'' yuuni 1947.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-03-22|title=Overpass to be named after Paa Grant|url=https://www.ofm.ghanaonline.com/news/overpass-to-be-named-after-paa-grant/|access-date=2020-08-03|website=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana pays tribute to founders' - Graphic Online|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-pays-tribute-to-founders.html|access-date=2020-08-05|website=www.graphic.com.gh|language=en-gb|archive-date=2021-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214131116/https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-pays-tribute-to-founders.html|url-status=live}}</ref> O nyɛla ninvuɣu so ŋun daa lahi pahi ninvuɣu shɛba ban daa tuhi deegi [[Ghana]].<ref>McFarland, Daniel Miles, "Grant, 'Pa' George Alfred", ''Historical Dictionary of Ghana'', 1985, p. 92.</ref> O nyɛla ŋun daa yo liɣiri [[Kwame Nkrumah]] Ghana labbuna zuɣu, din daa niŋ ka o be [[United States]]. Bɛ daa zaŋ o yuli maa "George Grant" n-zaŋ ti "roundabout" shɛli be [[Sekondi-Takoradi|Takoradi]] .Niriba pam nyɛla ban yɛli ni di ni niŋ viɛnyɛla di yi niŋ ka bɛ kaani ninvuɣ'shɛba ban tuhi deegi Ghana maŋsulinsi ka kali o pahi kamani 'Big Six '. ==Lahabali== ===Shikuru baŋsim mini piligu tuma === Grant nyɛla bɛ ni daa dɔɣi so yuuni 1878 tiŋ yuli booni Beyin, Nzema wulinluhili polo ka yina daabilgu daŋ shɛli niriba pam ni mi la. O ba n daa nyɛ William Minneaux Grant ka o ma nyɛ Madam Adjoa (Dwowa) Biatwi zaŋ n-ti Aboradze ''[[clan]]'', o yab'doo n daa nyɛ Francis Chapman Grant,<ref name=Biography /> ŋun daa lihiri ''Gold Coast Times zuɣu ka daa lahi nyɛ laɣ'sɔŋda zaŋ n-ti Fanti Confederation''.<ref name=Makers>"Grant, G. A. (1878–1956)", in ''Makers of Modern Africa: Profiles in History'', Africa Journal Ltd for Africa Books Ltd, 1981, pp. 189–90.</ref> Grant nyɛla ŋun karim o shikuru ''Wesleyan School'' din be [[Cape Coast]] saha ŋɔ sokam ni mi shɛli Mfantsipim School ŋun yori daa yirina sɔɣisinli ni Joseph D. Abraham sani, ŋun daa nyɛ o ba yikperilana la.<ref name=Biography /> Grant nyɛla ŋun daa kuli dɔli tumdi taankɔro dari daabiligu nim sani, tuuli o daa tum la Axim, ka daa lahi niŋ yuma anu [[Ivory Coast]].<ref name=Makers /> Yuuni 1896, o nyɛla ŋun daa piligi o maŋmaŋ daabilim ka daa bol'li George Grant and ''Company''.<ref name=Biography /> O daa nyɛla taankɔro dari daabi'kpɛŋ ka nyɛ ŋun daa yihiri li sambanni hali ka di daa ti niŋ bayana ''European companies'' puuni.<ref name=Makers /> O nyɛla ŋun daa chaŋ ''Britain'' yuuni 1905, lala saha ŋɔ duniya zaa tɔbu tuulli nyɛla din daa piligi yuuni 1914, o nyɛla ŋun daa niŋ daabilim ni daabi'kpɛma taankɔro dari kompaninima din be ''[[Europe]]'' mini ''[[United States]]''. Yuuni 1914 hali ni yuuni 1919 sunsuuni o daa nyɛla ŋun che ka o mini kpatoonsi maa tɔɣisi ka bɛ zaŋdi taankɔro dari maa n chani ''Britain'' mini USA. O nyɛla ŋun daa yoogi o maŋmaŋ ɔfisi [[London]], [[Liverpool]] n-ti pahi [[Hamburg]] bin din gbaai yuuni 1920 hali ni yuuni 1922 sunsuuni ka daa yɛligi o daabilim ŋɔ ''[[Gold Coast (British Colony)|Gold Coast]]'' tiŋsi kamani Dunkwa, [[Sekondi]] n-ti pahi Akim Abuakwa.<ref name=Makers /> Yuuni 1926 o nyɛla ninvuɣ so bɛ ni daa piigi niŋ ''Legislative Council'' ka o daa zani n-ti Sekondi. Grant nyɛla ŋun daa lahi be Aborigines ights Protection Society ka nyɛ ŋun daa sɔŋ ka lebigimsim tuma pam daa tum,<ref name=Biography /> di shɛli n-nlyɛ o daa piligi soya zuɣu niɣilim buɣum mini paapu kom Sekondi mini Axim.<ref name=JoyOnline /> ===Siyaasatali korisi mini bahigu biɛhigu=== Duniya zaa tɔbu din pahiri ayi la saha ni di nyaanga, Grant nyɛla ŋun daa baŋ ni gbaŋsabila ban be Gold Coast nyɛla ban daa diri wahala pam gbaŋpiɛlla sulinsi ni ka di nyɛ binshɛli din daa bi viɛlla,<ref name=Biography /> ka o daa kpuɣi niya ni o ni tuhi Africa nim suhuyurilim ni bɛ tumdi tuma maa zuɣu.<ref name=Makers /> O nyɛla ŋun daa gahi nuu boli [[J. B. Danquah]] mini ban daa pahi ni bɛ ti gbaagi n kpa ''nationalist party''. Niriba pihinahi, bɛ shɛba n nyɛ alikaali niriba R. A. Awoonor-Williams, [[Edward Akufo-Addo]] n-ti pahi [[Emmanuel Obetsebi-Lamptey]] daa nyɛla ban daa laɣim taba ''Saltpond'' n daa kpa ''United Gold Coast Convention'' (UGCC) silimin goli ''[[August]]'' daba anahi dali yuuni 1947 ka bɛ niya daa nyɛ bɛ borimi ni bɛ deegi bɛ maŋsulinsi. [[Kwame Nkrumah]] nyɛla ninvuɣ'so bɛ ni daa piigi UGCC gbaŋsabira, [[Ebenezer Ako-Adjei]] ni daa zaŋ o n wuhi ba maa nyaanga,<ref name=JoyOnline /> ka Grant daa yo Nkrumah liɣiri din daa yiɣisi £100 ni o zaŋ niŋ ŋarim chaaji n yi [[Liverpool]] labina Ghana.<ref>Birmingham, David, ''Kwame Nkrumah: The Father of African Nationalism'' (revised edition), Ohio University Press, 1998.</ref> Di nyaaŋa, Nkrumah nyɛla ŋun daa yi (UGCC) ka daa kpa Convention People Party (CPP), ka Grant mi daa kuli zaŋ o zaɣa niŋ o daabilim ni n gari siyaasa tali. Amaa bɛ daa nyɛla ban daa mali saawara ni taba, Nkrumah daa kaai la Grant di daba ayi dali ka o daa kani Axim tiŋgbanni Silimiin goli October biɛɣ'pihita dali yuuni 1956, saha shɛli o ni daa nyɛ yuun pihinii ayi ka.<ref name=JoyOnline /> Yuuni 1955 o nyɛla ŋun daa gbaai dɔro o zuɣupurini ka daa koŋ alaafee nyabu hali n ti kani.<ref>Grant-Acquah, Sarah Esi, [http://www.ghanaculture.gov.gh/index1.php?linkid=338&archiveid=549&page=1&adate=14/02/2007 "In the beginning was…PAA GRANT - And the UGCC"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031133034/http://www.ghanaculture.gov.gh/index1.php?linkid=338&archiveid=549&page=1&adate=14%2F02%2F2007 |date=2018-10-31 }}. From ''Daily Graphic'', 14 February 2007, via National Commission on Culture.</ref> == Daŋ mini maŋmaŋ biɛhigu == Saha ŋɔ o bi'shɛba ban be bɛ nyɛvuya puuni nyɛ Sarah Esi Grant, Mrs Rosamond Hammond-Grant, William Minneaux Grant n-ti pahi yaansi mini yaantib'chɛhi. Sarah Esi Grant-Acquah bia nyɛ alikaali nira [[Phyllis Christian]].<ref>Christian, Phyllis M., [https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/opinion/the-sacrifices-men-make-a-memorial-to-george-alfred-grant.html "The sacrifices men make - A memorial to George Alfred Grant"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414125821/https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/opinion/the-sacrifices-men-make-a-memorial-to-george-alfred-grant.html |date=2019-04-14 }}, ''Graphic Online'', 30 October 2017.</ref> O yaansi shɛba nyɛ: Georgina Grant, Margaret Grant, Stella Blay-Kwofie, Christine Blay-Kwofie, Dorothy Blay-Kwofie, Joyce Christian, Letitia Hammond, Rosamond Hammond, James Hemans Hammond, Matilda Hammond, Georgina Hammond, Emmanuel Hammond, George Hammond, Alberta Hammond, Lawrence Hammond, Yvonne Hammond, Samuel Duker-Ako, George Grant, Felix Grant, Sabina Grant, Kweku Robert Grant, Kwesi Brown Grant, Frances Grant, Maame Efua Lartey-Grant, Sefa Gohoho zaŋ n-ti Songhai Africa, Panafrican Luxury Consumer Goods. Niriba pam ni mi yaan shɛba nyɛ:Angela Kukua Blay-Kwofie, Kwesi, Blay-Kwofie. ==Teeisim mini yuli zalibu== Bɛ ni daa yɛn niŋ nintiɣili ni Grant kpaŋmaŋ zaŋ n-ti Ghana maŋsulinsi deebu, Ghana gomnanti nyɛla ŋun daa zaŋ o yuli n-ti "flyover" palli Caprice din be Accra.<ref>[http://www.modernghana.com/news/132588/1/paa-grant-honoured.html "Paa Grant Honoured"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063307/http://www.modernghana.com/news/132588/1/paa-grant-honoured.html |date=2016-03-04 }}, ''Modern Ghana'', 21 March 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Flyover-to-be-named-after-Paa-Grant-121100 "Flyover to be named after Paa Grant"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106012006/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Flyover-to-be-named-after-Paa-Grant-121100 |date=2017-01-06 }}, ''GhanaWeb'', 20 March 2007.</ref> === Paa Grant Soccer Academy === Paa Grant Soccer Academy ŋɔ nyɛla Kim Tyrone Grant ni daa piligi shɛli yuuni 2009, o nyɛla boli ŋmɛri kuro zaŋ n-ti Ghana Black Stars ni o niŋ nintiɣibu zaŋ n-ti o yab'doo kpaŋmaŋ zaŋ chaŋ Ghana maŋsulinsi deebu bin din gbaai gbaŋpiɛlla gbubu saha zaŋ hali ni yuuni 1957.<ref>[http://www.thepaagrantsa.com/the_academy.php "Academy History"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626181404/http://www.thepaagrantsa.com/the_academy.php |date=26 June 2012 }}, The Paa Grant Soccer Academy Official Website.</ref> === George Grant University of Mines and Technology === Silimiin goli January biɛɣ'pinaayi dali yuuni 2018, President Akufo-Addo nyɛla ŋun daa taɣi University of Mines and Technology (UMaT) din be Western Region zaŋ n-ti Ghana yuli labisi George Grant University of Mines and Technology ni di wuhi nintiɣibu shɛli bɛ ni niŋ zaŋ n-ti kpaŋmaŋ shɛli o ni daa niŋ Ghana maŋsulinsi deebu ni n-ti pahi o ni daa nyɛ bilichini zaŋ n-ti western region zuɣu.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=13 January 2018|title=President applauds UMaT for renaming institution after George Grant - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/president-applauds-umat-for-renaming-institution-after-george-grant/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823123809/https://www.myjoyonline.com/president-applauds-umat-for-renaming-institution-after-george-grant/|archive-date=2021-08-23|access-date=2021-01-13|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Opoku|first=Emmanuel|date=2018-01-15|title=UMaT Renamed After Paa Grant|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/umat-renamed-paa-grant/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823123811/https://dailyguidenetwork.com/umat-renamed-paa-grant/|archive-date=2021-08-23|access-date=2021-01-13|website=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Aryeh|first=Felix L.|title=UMaT renamed George Grant University of Mines and Technology|url=https://www.umat.edu.gh/index.php/media-press/happenings/news-events/551-umat-renamed-george-grant-university-of-mines-and-technology|access-date=2021-01-13|website=www.umat.edu.gh|language=en-gb|archive-date=2021-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823123809/https://www.umat.edu.gh/index.php/media-press/happenings/news-events/551-umat-renamed-george-grant-university-of-mines-and-technology|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Kundivihira== ==Further reading== * Ako Adjei, ''The Life and Work of George Alfred Grant (Paa Grant)'', Accra: Waterville Pub. House, 1992, 31 pp. [[Pubu:Lahabaya zaa]] 6z24epn2djr71pvwrao771gkbxgwd2q 116190 116189 2025-06-24T16:05:31Z Alhaj Darajaati 22 Removed wrongly place section 116190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bio}} [[Lahabali kɔligu:Alfred Tarski 1968 (as-is, cropped).jpg|thumb|added picture]] [[Lahabali kɔligu:George A. Hill 1890.jpg|thumb|George A. Hill]] '''George Alfred Grant''' , ka niriba pam mi o '''Paa Grant''' (bɛ daa dɔɣi o la Silimiin goli ''[[August]]'' biɛɣ'pia ni anu dali yuuni 1878 ka o daa kani Silimiin goli October biɛɣ'pihita dali yuuni 1956), daa nyɛla "merchant" mini siyaasa nira m be [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]]<ref name="Biography">[http://www.thepaagrantsa.com/biography.html Biography, The Paa Grant Soccer Academy Official Website.] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20110308212636/http://www.thepaagrantsa.com/biography.html |date=8 March 2011 }}</ref> ka nyɛ bɛ ni daa boli so "''[[Gold Coast (British Colony)|Gold Coast]]'' siyaasa tali ba" la.<ref name="JoyOnline">[http://politics.myjoyonline.com/pages/news/200703/2735.php "Overpass to be named after Paa Grant"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030100/http://politics.myjoyonline.com/pages/news/200703/2735.php |date=2016-03-04 }}, Joy Online, 22 August 2007.</ref> O ni daa nyɛ siyaasa niŋda maa zuɣu, ŋuni n-daa nyɛ ŋun daa piligi, n-daa diri liɣiri, ka lahi nyɛ tuuli zuɣulana zaŋ n-ti ''United Gold Coast convention'' (UGCC) Silimiin goli ''[[August]]'' yuuni 1947.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-03-22|title=Overpass to be named after Paa Grant|url=https://www.ofm.ghanaonline.com/news/overpass-to-be-named-after-paa-grant/|access-date=2020-08-03|website=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana pays tribute to founders' - Graphic Online|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-pays-tribute-to-founders.html|access-date=2020-08-05|website=www.graphic.com.gh|language=en-gb|archive-date=2021-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214131116/https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-pays-tribute-to-founders.html|url-status=live}}</ref> O nyɛla ninvuɣu so ŋun daa lahi pahi ninvuɣu shɛba ban daa tuhi deegi [[Ghana]].<ref>McFarland, Daniel Miles, "Grant, 'Pa' George Alfred", ''Historical Dictionary of Ghana'', 1985, p. 92.</ref> O nyɛla ŋun daa yo liɣiri [[Kwame Nkrumah]] Ghana labbuna zuɣu, din daa niŋ ka o be [[United States]]. Bɛ daa zaŋ o yuli maa "George Grant" n-zaŋ ti "roundabout" shɛli be [[Sekondi-Takoradi|Takoradi]] .Niriba pam nyɛla ban yɛli ni di ni niŋ viɛnyɛla di yi niŋ ka bɛ kaani ninvuɣ'shɛba ban tuhi deegi Ghana maŋsulinsi ka kali o pahi kamani 'Big Six '. ==Lahabali== ===Shikuru baŋsim mini piligu tuma === Grant nyɛla bɛ ni daa dɔɣi so yuuni 1878 tiŋ yuli booni Beyin, Nzema wulinluhili polo ka yina daabilgu daŋ shɛli niriba pam ni mi la. O ba n daa nyɛ William Minneaux Grant ka o ma nyɛ Madam Adjoa (Dwowa) Biatwi zaŋ n-ti Aboradze ''[[clan]]'', o yab'doo n daa nyɛ Francis Chapman Grant,<ref name=Biography /> ŋun daa lihiri ''Gold Coast Times zuɣu ka daa lahi nyɛ laɣ'sɔŋda zaŋ n-ti Fanti Confederation''.<ref name=Makers>"Grant, G. A. (1878–1956)", in ''Makers of Modern Africa: Profiles in History'', Africa Journal Ltd for Africa Books Ltd, 1981, pp. 189–90.</ref> Grant nyɛla ŋun karim o shikuru ''Wesleyan School'' din be [[Cape Coast]] saha ŋɔ sokam ni mi shɛli Mfantsipim School ŋun yori daa yirina sɔɣisinli ni Joseph D. Abraham sani, ŋun daa nyɛ o ba yikperilana la.<ref name=Biography /> Grant nyɛla ŋun daa kuli dɔli tumdi taankɔro dari daabiligu nim sani, tuuli o daa tum la Axim, ka daa lahi niŋ yuma anu [[Ivory Coast]].<ref name=Makers /> Yuuni 1896, o nyɛla ŋun daa piligi o maŋmaŋ daabilim ka daa bol'li George Grant and ''Company''.<ref name=Biography /> O daa nyɛla taankɔro dari daabi'kpɛŋ ka nyɛ ŋun daa yihiri li sambanni hali ka di daa ti niŋ bayana ''European companies'' puuni.<ref name=Makers /> O nyɛla ŋun daa chaŋ ''Britain'' yuuni 1905, lala saha ŋɔ duniya zaa tɔbu tuulli nyɛla din daa piligi yuuni 1914, o nyɛla ŋun daa niŋ daabilim ni daabi'kpɛma taankɔro dari kompaninima din be ''[[Europe]]'' mini ''[[United States]]''. Yuuni 1914 hali ni yuuni 1919 sunsuuni o daa nyɛla ŋun che ka o mini kpatoonsi maa tɔɣisi ka bɛ zaŋdi taankɔro dari maa n chani ''Britain'' mini USA. O nyɛla ŋun daa yoogi o maŋmaŋ ɔfisi [[London]], [[Liverpool]] n-ti pahi [[Hamburg]] bin din gbaai yuuni 1920 hali ni yuuni 1922 sunsuuni ka daa yɛligi o daabilim ŋɔ ''[[Gold Coast (British Colony)|Gold Coast]]'' tiŋsi kamani Dunkwa, [[Sekondi]] n-ti pahi Akim Abuakwa.<ref name=Makers /> Yuuni 1926 o nyɛla ninvuɣ so bɛ ni daa piigi niŋ ''Legislative Council'' ka o daa zani n-ti Sekondi. Grant nyɛla ŋun daa lahi be Aborigines ights Protection Society ka nyɛ ŋun daa sɔŋ ka lebigimsim tuma pam daa tum,<ref name=Biography /> di shɛli n-nlyɛ o daa piligi soya zuɣu niɣilim buɣum mini paapu kom Sekondi mini Axim.<ref name=JoyOnline /> ===Siyaasatali korisi mini bahigu biɛhigu=== Duniya zaa tɔbu din pahiri ayi la saha ni di nyaanga, Grant nyɛla ŋun daa baŋ ni gbaŋsabila ban be Gold Coast nyɛla ban daa diri wahala pam gbaŋpiɛlla sulinsi ni ka di nyɛ binshɛli din daa bi viɛlla,<ref name=Biography /> ka o daa kpuɣi niya ni o ni tuhi Africa nim suhuyurilim ni bɛ tumdi tuma maa zuɣu.<ref name=Makers /> O nyɛla ŋun daa gahi nuu boli [[J. B. Danquah]] mini ban daa pahi ni bɛ ti gbaagi n kpa ''nationalist party''. Niriba pihinahi, bɛ shɛba n nyɛ alikaali niriba R. A. Awoonor-Williams, [[Edward Akufo-Addo]] n-ti pahi [[Emmanuel Obetsebi-Lamptey]] daa nyɛla ban daa laɣim taba ''Saltpond'' n daa kpa ''United Gold Coast Convention'' (UGCC) silimin goli ''[[August]]'' daba anahi dali yuuni 1947 ka bɛ niya daa nyɛ bɛ borimi ni bɛ deegi bɛ maŋsulinsi. [[Kwame Nkrumah]] nyɛla ninvuɣ'so bɛ ni daa piigi UGCC gbaŋsabira, [[Ebenezer Ako-Adjei]] ni daa zaŋ o n wuhi ba maa nyaanga,<ref name=JoyOnline /> ka Grant daa yo Nkrumah liɣiri din daa yiɣisi £100 ni o zaŋ niŋ ŋarim chaaji n yi [[Liverpool]] labina Ghana.<ref>Birmingham, David, ''Kwame Nkrumah: The Father of African Nationalism'' (revised edition), Ohio University Press, 1998.</ref> Di nyaaŋa, Nkrumah nyɛla ŋun daa yi (UGCC) ka daa kpa Convention People Party (CPP), ka Grant mi daa kuli zaŋ o zaɣa niŋ o daabilim ni n gari siyaasa tali. Amaa bɛ daa nyɛla ban daa mali saawara ni taba, Nkrumah daa kaai la Grant di daba ayi dali ka o daa kani Axim tiŋgbanni Silimiin goli October biɛɣ'pihita dali yuuni 1956, saha shɛli o ni daa nyɛ yuun pihinii ayi ka.<ref name=JoyOnline /> Yuuni 1955 o nyɛla ŋun daa gbaai dɔro o zuɣupurini ka daa koŋ alaafee nyabu hali n ti kani.<ref>Grant-Acquah, Sarah Esi, [http://www.ghanaculture.gov.gh/index1.php?linkid=338&archiveid=549&page=1&adate=14/02/2007 "In the beginning was…PAA GRANT - And the UGCC"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031133034/http://www.ghanaculture.gov.gh/index1.php?linkid=338&archiveid=549&page=1&adate=14%2F02%2F2007 |date=2018-10-31 }}. From ''Daily Graphic'', 14 February 2007, via National Commission on Culture.</ref> == Daŋ mini maŋmaŋ biɛhigu == Saha ŋɔ o bi'shɛba ban be bɛ nyɛvuya puuni nyɛ Sarah Esi Grant, Mrs Rosamond Hammond-Grant, William Minneaux Grant n-ti pahi yaansi mini yaantib'chɛhi. Sarah Esi Grant-Acquah bia nyɛ alikaali nira [[Phyllis Christian]].<ref>Christian, Phyllis M., [https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/opinion/the-sacrifices-men-make-a-memorial-to-george-alfred-grant.html "The sacrifices men make - A memorial to George Alfred Grant"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414125821/https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/opinion/the-sacrifices-men-make-a-memorial-to-george-alfred-grant.html |date=2019-04-14 }}, ''Graphic Online'', 30 October 2017.</ref> O yaansi shɛba nyɛ: Georgina Grant, Margaret Grant, Stella Blay-Kwofie, Christine Blay-Kwofie, Dorothy Blay-Kwofie, Joyce Christian, Letitia Hammond, Rosamond Hammond, James Hemans Hammond, Matilda Hammond, Georgina Hammond, Emmanuel Hammond, George Hammond, Alberta Hammond, Lawrence Hammond, Yvonne Hammond, Samuel Duker-Ako, George Grant, Felix Grant, Sabina Grant, Kweku Robert Grant, Kwesi Brown Grant, Frances Grant, Maame Efua Lartey-Grant, Sefa Gohoho zaŋ n-ti Songhai Africa, Panafrican Luxury Consumer Goods. Niriba pam ni mi yaan shɛba nyɛ:Angela Kukua Blay-Kwofie, Kwesi, Blay-Kwofie. ==Teeisim mini yuli zalibu== Bɛ ni daa yɛn niŋ nintiɣili ni Grant kpaŋmaŋ zaŋ n-ti Ghana maŋsulinsi deebu, Ghana gomnanti nyɛla ŋun daa zaŋ o yuli n-ti "flyover" palli Caprice din be Accra.<ref>[http://www.modernghana.com/news/132588/1/paa-grant-honoured.html "Paa Grant Honoured"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063307/http://www.modernghana.com/news/132588/1/paa-grant-honoured.html |date=2016-03-04 }}, ''Modern Ghana'', 21 March 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Flyover-to-be-named-after-Paa-Grant-121100 "Flyover to be named after Paa Grant"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106012006/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Flyover-to-be-named-after-Paa-Grant-121100 |date=2017-01-06 }}, ''GhanaWeb'', 20 March 2007.</ref> === Paa Grant Soccer Academy === Paa Grant Soccer Academy ŋɔ nyɛla Kim Tyrone Grant ni daa piligi shɛli yuuni 2009, o nyɛla boli ŋmɛri kuro zaŋ n-ti Ghana Black Stars ni o niŋ nintiɣibu zaŋ n-ti o yab'doo kpaŋmaŋ zaŋ chaŋ Ghana maŋsulinsi deebu bin din gbaai gbaŋpiɛlla gbubu saha zaŋ hali ni yuuni 1957.<ref>[http://www.thepaagrantsa.com/the_academy.php "Academy History"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626181404/http://www.thepaagrantsa.com/the_academy.php |date=26 June 2012 }}, The Paa Grant Soccer Academy Official Website.</ref> === George Grant University of Mines and Technology === Silimiin goli January biɛɣ'pinaayi dali yuuni 2018, President Akufo-Addo nyɛla ŋun daa taɣi University of Mines and Technology (UMaT) din be Western Region zaŋ n-ti Ghana yuli labisi George Grant University of Mines and Technology ni di wuhi nintiɣibu shɛli bɛ ni niŋ zaŋ n-ti kpaŋmaŋ shɛli o ni daa niŋ Ghana maŋsulinsi deebu ni n-ti pahi o ni daa nyɛ bilichini zaŋ n-ti western region zuɣu.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=13 January 2018|title=President applauds UMaT for renaming institution after George Grant - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/president-applauds-umat-for-renaming-institution-after-george-grant/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823123809/https://www.myjoyonline.com/president-applauds-umat-for-renaming-institution-after-george-grant/|archive-date=2021-08-23|access-date=2021-01-13|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Opoku|first=Emmanuel|date=2018-01-15|title=UMaT Renamed After Paa Grant|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/umat-renamed-paa-grant/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823123811/https://dailyguidenetwork.com/umat-renamed-paa-grant/|archive-date=2021-08-23|access-date=2021-01-13|website=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Aryeh|first=Felix L.|title=UMaT renamed George Grant University of Mines and Technology|url=https://www.umat.edu.gh/index.php/media-press/happenings/news-events/551-umat-renamed-george-grant-university-of-mines-and-technology|access-date=2021-01-13|website=www.umat.edu.gh|language=en-gb|archive-date=2021-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823123809/https://www.umat.edu.gh/index.php/media-press/happenings/news-events/551-umat-renamed-george-grant-university-of-mines-and-technology|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Kundivihira== mw71r7lnoz7hbpzj6l5uluvusjpec6k 0 32320 116211 116147 2025-06-25T06:35:08Z Mandeiya flower 4464 Di nambu maa yila "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1296903144|Patrice Lumumba]]" lɛbigibu ni na 116211 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patrice Émery Lumumba'''{{efn|Alternatively found as '''Patrice Hemery Lumumba'''.<ref name= britannica/>}} ({{IPAc-en|p|ə|ˈ|t|r|iː|s|_|l|ʊ|ˈ|m|ʊ|m|b|ə|audio=En-us-Patrice Lumumba from Congo pronunciation (Voice of America).ogg}} {{respell|pə|TREESS|_|luu|MUUM|bə}}; bi dɔ o la '''Isaïe Tasumbu Tawosa''';{{Sfn|Mulumba|2019|p=251}} 2 July 1925{{snd}}17 January 1961) daa nyɛla Congolese politisa ni ninvuh' sɔ ŋun daa lahi nyɛ toondana ka daa lahi nyɛ tingban zuhulana ŋun daa nyɛ piligu [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] tingban puuni (ka bi daa mili daa la ha Republic of the Congo) zaŋ gbaa June hali ni September 1960, May 1960 piibu piibu maa nyanŋa. O daa nyɛla toondana n zaŋti Congolese National Movement (MNC) zaŋ gbaai 1958 hali ni bin daa ti di O nyɛvuli 1961 yuuni pulli. Yɛlmaŋli African nationalist ni pan-Africanist, O daa kpaŋ' O maŋ n ti Congo nima ka daa lahi nyihisi zani n zabi hali ka Congo daa dɛi di maŋ sulinsi Belgium nim nuuni. Di daa bi niŋ dabaayi Congolese ni daa dɛi bi maŋ' sulinsi naagi June 1960 puuni, ka nangban kpeeni daa luna soja nim maa mini tiŋgban maa toonim maa sunsuuni, ni ka Congo daa kɔŋ di nabaayi zanbu. Sojanim maa ni daa shɛi Lumumba nam ni, O daa mali la shili ni o zɔ n chaŋ Stanleyville n ti pahi o nyan dɔllibi zuɣu bin daa kpa bi bɛhigu ka che soja kpem sɔ ŋun daa lɛbi tiŋgban zuhu lana ka bi daa mi o Mobutu la Lumumba shɛibu nyanŋa, ka bi daa boli bini daa kpa tiŋban shɛli maa Free Republic of the Congo. Lumumba daa bi niŋ saɣa,o zɔbu maa sɔli zuɣu, Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (Sese Seko) daa tim la sojanima ni bi ti gbaa gɔ ka daa zaŋɔ tahi Katanga tiŋban ni, Belgian mercenaries daa nyɛla ninvuhi sɔ ŋun daa pahi nuu kabi daa gbai Lamumba, ka daa lahi n chɛ ka o di wahala o gbaabu maa ni hali ka bi daati chɛ ka zuliya shabi daa bɛ Katangan ka bi daa mi ba Moïse Tshombe daa ti di o nyɛvuli. == Bɛhigu ni Tuma == [[Lahabali kɔligu:Lumumba-IISG.jpg|left|thumb|250x250px| Lumumba photo, {{Circa|1950s}}]] Bi daa dɔɣ'laPatrice Lumumba 2 July 1925 ka o nyɛ Isaïe Tasumbu Tawosa n ti Julienne Wamato Lomendja ni o yidana, François Tolenga Otetshima, a farmer, in Onalua, in the Katakokombe region of the Kasai province of the Belgian Congo.{{Sfn|Kanyarwunga|2006|p=76}}{{Sfn|Zeilig|2015|loc=Section: Early years: life in Onalua}} He was a member of the Tetela ethnic group, where he was referred to with the name Élias Okit'Asombo.{{Sfn|Fabian|1996|p=73}}{{Sfn|Willame|1990|pp=22–25}}{{Sfn|Kanyarwunga|2006|pp=76, 502}} His original surname means "heir of the cursed" and is derived from the Tetela words {{Lang|ttl|okitá}}/{{Lang|ttl|okitɔ́}} ('heir', 'successor'){{Sfn|Hagendorens|1975|pp=275–276}} and {{Lang|ttl|asombó}} ('cursed or bewitched people who will die quickly').{{Sfn|Hagendorens|1975|pp=309, 371}} He had three brothers (Charles Lokolonga, Émile Kalema, and Louis Onema Pene Lumumba) and one half-brother (Jean Tolenga).{{Sfn|Kanyarwunga|2006|p=76}} Raised in a [[Roman cheechi|Catholic]] family, he was educated at a Protestant primary school, a Catholic missionary school, and finally the government post office training school, where he passed the one-year course with distinction. He was known for being a vocal, precocious young man, regularly pointing out the errors of his teachers in front of his peers.{{Sfn|Zeilig|2015|p=23}} This outspoken nature would come to define his life and career. Lumumba spoke Tetela, French, Lingala, Swahili, and Tshiluba.{{Sfn|Kanyarwunga|2006|p=76}} ecw6il4jk09ghio37d6gd8ucpzs2aae 116214 116211 2025-06-25T06:44:59Z Mandeiya flower 4464 Di nambu maa yila "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1296903144|Patrice Lumumba]]" lɛbigibu ni na 116214 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patrice Émery Lumumba'''{{efn|Alternatively found as '''Patrice Hemery Lumumba'''.<ref name= britannica/>}} ({{IPAc-en|p|ə|ˈ|t|r|iː|s|_|l|ʊ|ˈ|m|ʊ|m|b|ə|audio=En-us-Patrice Lumumba from Congo pronunciation (Voice of America).ogg}} {{respell|pə|TREESS|_|luu|MUUM|bə}}; bi dɔ o la '''Isaïe Tasumbu Tawosa''';{{Sfn|Mulumba|2019|p=251}} 2 July 1925{{snd}}17 January 1961) daa nyɛla Congolese politisa ni ninvuh' sɔ ŋun daa lahi nyɛ toondana ka daa lahi nyɛ tingban zuhulana ŋun daa nyɛ piligu [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] tingban puuni (ka bi daa mili daa la ha Republic of the Congo) zaŋ gbaa June hali ni September 1960, May 1960 piibu piibu maa nyanŋa. O daa nyɛla toondana n zaŋti Congolese National Movement (MNC) zaŋ gbaai 1958 hali ni bin daa ti di O nyɛvuli 1961 yuuni pulli. Yɛlmaŋli African nationalist ni pan-Africanist, O daa kpaŋ' O maŋ n ti Congo nima ka daa lahi nyihisi zani n zabi hali ka Congo daa dɛi di maŋ sulinsi Belgium nim nuuni. Di daa bi niŋ dabaayi Congolese ni daa dɛi bi maŋ' sulinsi naagi June 1960 puuni, ka nangban kpeeni daa luna soja nim maa mini tiŋgban maa toonim maa sunsuuni, ni ka Congo daa kɔŋ di nabaayi zanbu. Sojanim maa ni daa shɛi Lumumba nam ni, O daa mali la shili ni o zɔ n chaŋ Stanleyville n ti pahi o nyan dɔllibi zuɣu bin daa kpa bi bɛhigu ka che soja kpem sɔ ŋun daa lɛbi tiŋgban zuhu lana ka bi daa mi o Mobutu la Lumumba shɛibu nyanŋa, ka bi daa boli bini daa kpa tiŋban shɛli maa Free Republic of the Congo. Lumumba daa bi niŋ saɣa,o zɔbu maa sɔli zuɣu, Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (Sese Seko) daa tim la sojanima ni bi ti gbaa gɔ ka daa zaŋɔ tahi Katanga tiŋban ni, Belgian mercenaries daa nyɛla ninvuhi sɔ ŋun daa pahi nuu kabi daa gbai Lamumba, ka daa lahi n chɛ ka o di wahala o gbaabu maa ni hali ka bi daati chɛ ka zuliya shabi daa bɛ Katangan ka bi daa mi ba Moïse Tshombe daa ti di o nyɛvuli. == Bɛhigu ni Tuma == [[Lahabali kɔligu:Lumumba-IISG.jpg|left|thumb|250x250px| Lumumba photo, {{Circa|1950s}}]] Bi daa dɔɣ'laPatrice Lumumba 2 July 1925 ka o nyɛ Isaïe Tasumbu Tawosa n ti Julienne Wamato Lomendja ni o yidana, François Tolenga Otetshima, ŋun daa nyɛ pukpara, ka daa bɛ Onalua, din daa bɛ Katakokombe yaɣ'li la, Kasai tingbani Belgian Congo tingban puuni.{{Sfn|Kanyarwunga|2006|p=76}}{{Sfn|Zeilig|2015|loc=Section: Early years: life in Onalua}} O daa yiila zuliya shɛli daa bɛ ni ka bi booni li Tetela, where he was referred to with the name Élias Okit'Asombo.{{Sfn|Fabian|1996|p=73}}{{Sfn|Willame|1990|pp=22–25}}{{Sfn|Kanyarwunga|2006|pp=76, 502}} His original surname means "heir of the cursed" and is derived from the Tetela words {{Lang|ttl|okitá}}/{{Lang|ttl|okitɔ́}} ('heir', 'successor'){{Sfn|Hagendorens|1975|pp=275–276}} and {{Lang|ttl|asombó}} ('cursed or bewitched people who will die quickly').{{Sfn|Hagendorens|1975|pp=309, 371}} He had three brothers (Charles Lokolonga, Émile Kalema, and Louis Onema Pene Lumumba) and one half-brother (Jean Tolenga).{{Sfn|Kanyarwunga|2006|p=76}} Raised in a [[Roman cheechi|Catholic]] family, he was educated at a Protestant primary school, a Catholic missionary school, and finally the government post office training school, where he passed the one-year course with distinction. He was known for being a vocal, precocious young man, regularly pointing out the errors of his teachers in front of his peers.{{Sfn|Zeilig|2015|p=23}} This outspoken nature would come to define his life and career. Lumumba spoke Tetela, French, Lingala, Swahili, and Tshiluba.{{Sfn|Kanyarwunga|2006|p=76}} rwfts1fmg0fdosd1o9quyr5d5rv3jpq 116215 116214 2025-06-25T06:57:10Z Mandeiya flower 4464 Di nambu maa yila "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1296903144|Patrice Lumumba]]" lɛbigibu ni na 116215 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patrice Émery Lumumba'''{{efn|Alternatively found as '''Patrice Hemery Lumumba'''.<ref name= britannica/>}} ({{IPAc-en|p|ə|ˈ|t|r|iː|s|_|l|ʊ|ˈ|m|ʊ|m|b|ə|audio=En-us-Patrice Lumumba from Congo pronunciation (Voice of America).ogg}} {{respell|pə|TREESS|_|luu|MUUM|bə}}; bi dɔ o la '''Isaïe Tasumbu Tawosa''';{{Sfn|Mulumba|2019|p=251}} 2 July 1925{{snd}}17 January 1961) daa nyɛla Congolese politisa ni ninvuh' sɔ ŋun daa lahi nyɛ toondana ka daa lahi nyɛ tingban zuhulana ŋun daa nyɛ piligu [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] tingban puuni (ka bi daa mili daa la ha Republic of the Congo) zaŋ gbaa June hali ni September 1960, May 1960 piibu piibu maa nyanŋa. O daa nyɛla toondana n zaŋti Congolese National Movement (MNC) zaŋ gbaai 1958 hali ni bin daa ti di O nyɛvuli 1961 yuuni pulli. Yɛlmaŋli African nationalist ni pan-Africanist, O daa kpaŋ' O maŋ n ti Congo nima ka daa lahi nyihisi zani n zabi hali ka Congo daa dɛi di maŋ sulinsi Belgium nim nuuni. Di daa bi niŋ dabaayi Congolese ni daa dɛi bi maŋ' sulinsi naagi June 1960 puuni, ka nangban kpeeni daa luna soja nim maa mini tiŋgban maa toonim maa sunsuuni, ni ka Congo daa kɔŋ di nabaayi zanbu. Sojanim maa ni daa shɛi Lumumba nam ni, O daa mali la shili ni o zɔ n chaŋ Stanleyville n ti pahi o nyan dɔllibi zuɣu bin daa kpa bi bɛhigu ka che soja kpem sɔ ŋun daa lɛbi tiŋgban zuhu lana ka bi daa mi o Mobutu la Lumumba shɛibu nyanŋa, ka bi daa boli bini daa kpa tiŋban shɛli maa Free Republic of the Congo. Lumumba daa bi niŋ saɣa,o zɔbu maa sɔli zuɣu, Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (Sese Seko) daa tim la sojanima ni bi ti gbaa gɔ ka daa zaŋɔ tahi Katanga tiŋban ni, Belgian mercenaries daa nyɛla ninvuhi sɔ ŋun daa pahi nuu kabi daa gbai Lamumba, ka daa lahi n chɛ ka o di wahala o gbaabu maa ni hali ka bi daati chɛ ka zuliya shabi daa bɛ Katangan ka bi daa mi ba Moïse Tshombe daa ti di o nyɛvuli. == Bɛhigu ni Tuma == [[Lahabali kɔligu:Lumumba-IISG.jpg|left|thumb|250x250px| Lumumba photo, {{Circa|1950s}}]] Bi daa dɔɣ'laPatrice Lumumba 2 July 1925 ka o nyɛ Isaïe Tasumbu Tawosa n ti Julienne Wamato Lomendja ni o yidana, François Tolenga Otetshima, ŋun daa nyɛ pukpara, ka daa bɛ Onalua, din daa bɛ Katakokombe yaɣ'li la, Kasai tingbani Belgian Congo tingban puuni.{{Sfn|Kanyarwunga|2006|p=76}}{{Sfn|Zeilig|2015|loc=Section: Early years: life in Onalua}} O daa yiila zuliya shɛli daa bɛ ni ka bi booni li Tetela, o n daa yi zuliya shɛli maa daa chɛ ka bi daa bɔlo Élias Okit'Asombo.{{Sfn|Fabian|1996|p=73}}{{Sfn|Willame|1990|pp=22–25}}{{Sfn|Kanyarwunga|2006|pp=76, 502}} O ba yuli gbɛnni bi zuliya maa ni n daa nyɛ "zuu sɔ bin narim" di nyɛla yu shɛli din yi Tetela yɛltɔɣ' ni na, {{Lang|ttl|okitá}}/{{Lang|ttl|okitɔ́}} ('heir', 'successor'){{Sfn|Hagendorens|1975|pp=275–276}} and {{Lang|ttl|asombó}} ('cursed or bewitched people who will die quickly').{{Sfn|Hagendorens|1975|pp=309, 371}} He had three brothers (Charles Lokolonga, Émile Kalema, and Louis Onema Pene Lumumba) and one half-brother (Jean Tolenga).{{Sfn|Kanyarwunga|2006|p=76}} Raised in a [[Roman cheechi|Catholic]] family, he was educated at a Protestant primary school, a Catholic missionary school, and finally the government post office training school, where he passed the one-year course with distinction. He was known for being a vocal, precocious young man, regularly pointing out the errors of his teachers in front of his peers.{{Sfn|Zeilig|2015|p=23}} This outspoken nature would come to define his life and career. Lumumba spoke Tetela, French, Lingala, Swahili, and Tshiluba.{{Sfn|Kanyarwunga|2006|p=76}} dndr9m6sqwm9bbr3cpw3jkrp5b2vmq8 116216 116215 2025-06-25T07:14:44Z Mandeiya flower 4464 Di nambu maa yila "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1296903144|Patrice Lumumba]]" lɛbigibu ni na 116216 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patrice Émery Lumumba'''{{efn|Alternatively found as '''Patrice Hemery Lumumba'''.<ref name= britannica/>}} ({{IPAc-en|p|ə|ˈ|t|r|iː|s|_|l|ʊ|ˈ|m|ʊ|m|b|ə|audio=En-us-Patrice Lumumba from Congo pronunciation (Voice of America).ogg}} {{respell|pə|TREESS|_|luu|MUUM|bə}}; bi dɔ o la '''Isaïe Tasumbu Tawosa''';{{Sfn|Mulumba|2019|p=251}} 2 July 1925{{snd}}17 January 1961) daa nyɛla Congolese politisa ni ninvuh' sɔ ŋun daa lahi nyɛ toondana ka daa lahi nyɛ tingban zuhulana ŋun daa nyɛ piligu [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] tingban puuni (ka bi daa mili daa la ha Republic of the Congo) zaŋ gbaa June hali ni September 1960, May 1960 piibu piibu maa nyanŋa. O daa nyɛla toondana n zaŋti Congolese National Movement (MNC) zaŋ gbaai 1958 hali ni bin daa ti di O nyɛvuli 1961 yuuni pulli. Yɛlmaŋli African nationalist ni pan-Africanist, O daa kpaŋ' O maŋ n ti Congo nima ka daa lahi nyihisi zani n zabi hali ka Congo daa dɛi di maŋ sulinsi Belgium nim nuuni. Di daa bi niŋ dabaayi Congolese ni daa dɛi bi maŋ' sulinsi naagi June 1960 puuni, ka nangban kpeeni daa luna soja nim maa mini tiŋgban maa toonim maa sunsuuni, ni ka Congo daa kɔŋ di nabaayi zanbu. Sojanim maa ni daa shɛi Lumumba nam ni, O daa mali la shili ni o zɔ n chaŋ Stanleyville n ti pahi o nyan dɔllibi zuɣu bin daa kpa bi bɛhigu ka che soja kpem sɔ ŋun daa lɛbi tiŋgban zuhu lana ka bi daa mi o Mobutu la Lumumba shɛibu nyanŋa, ka bi daa boli bini daa kpa tiŋban shɛli maa Free Republic of the Congo. Lumumba daa bi niŋ saɣa,o zɔbu maa sɔli zuɣu, Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (Sese Seko) daa tim la sojanima ni bi ti gbaa gɔ ka daa zaŋɔ tahi Katanga tiŋban ni, Belgian mercenaries daa nyɛla ninvuhi sɔ ŋun daa pahi nuu kabi daa gbai Lamumba, ka daa lahi n chɛ ka o di wahala o gbaabu maa ni hali ka bi daati chɛ ka zuliya shabi daa bɛ Katangan ka bi daa mi ba Moïse Tshombe daa ti di o nyɛvuli. == Bɛhigu ni Tuma == [[Lahabali kɔligu:Lumumba-IISG.jpg|left|thumb|250x250px| Lumumba photo, {{Circa|1950s}}]] Bi daa dɔɣ'laPatrice Lumumba 2 July 1925 ka o nyɛ Isaïe Tasumbu Tawosa n ti Julienne Wamato Lomendja ni o yidana, François Tolenga Otetshima, ŋun daa nyɛ pukpara, ka daa bɛ Onalua, din daa bɛ Katakokombe yaɣ'li la, Kasai tingbani Belgian Congo tingban puuni.{{Sfn|Kanyarwunga|2006|p=76}}{{Sfn|Zeilig|2015|loc=Section: Early years: life in Onalua}} O daa yiila zuliya shɛli daa bɛ ni ka bi booni li Tetela, o n daa yi zuliya shɛli maa daa chɛ ka bi daa bɔlo Élias Okit'Asombo.{{Sfn|Fabian|1996|p=73}}{{Sfn|Willame|1990|pp=22–25}}{{Sfn|Kanyarwunga|2006|pp=76, 502}} O ba yuli gbɛnni bi zuliya maa ni n daa nyɛ "zuu sɔ bin narim" di nyɛla yu shɛli din yi Tetela yɛltɔɣ' ni na, {{Lang|ttl|okitá}}/{{Lang|ttl|okitɔ́}} ('zuu', 'gbaŋlana'){{Sfn|Hagendorens|1975|pp=275–276}} ni {{Lang|ttl|asombó}} ('narimbu bɛi zuliya shɛbi ban nyɛn kpiri yɔm').{{Sfn|Hagendorens|1975|pp=309, 371}} O daa malila tizɔdɔbba ata (Charles Lokolonga, Émile Kalema, ni Louis Onema Pene Lumumba) ni ninvuhi yino ŋun dii pa o dahalali zaa (Jean Tolenga).{{Sfn|Kanyarwunga|2006|p=76}} Bi daa nyɛla [[Roman cheechi|Catholic]] nima, he was educated at a Protestant primary school, a Catholic missionary school, and finally the government post office training school, where he passed the one-year course with distinction. He was known for being a vocal, precocious young man, regularly pointing out the errors of his teachers in front of his peers.{{Sfn|Zeilig|2015|p=23}} This outspoken nature would come to define his life and career. Lumumba spoke Tetela, French, Lingala, Swahili, and Tshiluba.{{Sfn|Kanyarwunga|2006|p=76}} 0ndiip38iscfg95pvlfopr18o83giwf 116217 116216 2025-06-25T07:30:40Z Mandeiya flower 4464 Di nambu maa yila "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1296903144|Patrice Lumumba]]" lɛbigibu ni na 116217 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patrice Émery Lumumba'''{{efn|Alternatively found as '''Patrice Hemery Lumumba'''.<ref name= britannica/>}} ({{IPAc-en|p|ə|ˈ|t|r|iː|s|_|l|ʊ|ˈ|m|ʊ|m|b|ə|audio=En-us-Patrice Lumumba from Congo pronunciation (Voice of America).ogg}} {{respell|pə|TREESS|_|luu|MUUM|bə}}; bi dɔ o la '''Isaïe Tasumbu Tawosa''';{{Sfn|Mulumba|2019|p=251}} 2 July 1925{{snd}}17 January 1961) daa nyɛla Congolese politisa ni ninvuh' sɔ ŋun daa lahi nyɛ toondana ka daa lahi nyɛ tingban zuhulana ŋun daa nyɛ piligu [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] tingban puuni (ka bi daa mili daa la ha Republic of the Congo) zaŋ gbaa June hali ni September 1960, May 1960 piibu piibu maa nyanŋa. O daa nyɛla toondana n zaŋti Congolese National Movement (MNC) zaŋ gbaai 1958 hali ni bin daa ti di O nyɛvuli 1961 yuuni pulli. Yɛlmaŋli African nationalist ni pan-Africanist, O daa kpaŋ' O maŋ n ti Congo nima ka daa lahi nyihisi zani n zabi hali ka Congo daa dɛi di maŋ sulinsi Belgium nim nuuni. Di daa bi niŋ dabaayi Congolese ni daa dɛi bi maŋ' sulinsi naagi June 1960 puuni, ka nangban kpeeni daa luna soja nim maa mini tiŋgban maa toonim maa sunsuuni, ni ka Congo daa kɔŋ di nabaayi zanbu. Sojanim maa ni daa shɛi Lumumba nam ni, O daa mali la shili ni o zɔ n chaŋ Stanleyville n ti pahi o nyan dɔllibi zuɣu bin daa kpa bi bɛhigu ka che soja kpem sɔ ŋun daa lɛbi tiŋgban zuhu lana ka bi daa mi o Mobutu la Lumumba shɛibu nyanŋa, ka bi daa boli bini daa kpa tiŋban shɛli maa Free Republic of the Congo. Lumumba daa bi niŋ saɣa,o zɔbu maa sɔli zuɣu, Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (Sese Seko) daa tim la sojanima ni bi ti gbaa gɔ ka daa zaŋɔ tahi Katanga tiŋban ni, Belgian mercenaries daa nyɛla ninvuhi sɔ ŋun daa pahi nuu kabi daa gbai Lamumba, ka daa lahi n chɛ ka o di wahala o gbaabu maa ni hali ka bi daati chɛ ka zuliya shabi daa bɛ Katangan ka bi daa mi ba Moïse Tshombe daa ti di o nyɛvuli. == Bɛhigu ni Tuma == [[Lahabali kɔligu:Lumumba-IISG.jpg|left|thumb|250x250px| Lumumba photo, {{Circa|1950s}}]] Bi daa dɔɣ'laPatrice Lumumba 2 July 1925 ka o nyɛ Isaïe Tasumbu Tawosa n ti Julienne Wamato Lomendja ni o yidana, François Tolenga Otetshima, ŋun daa nyɛ pukpara, ka daa bɛ Onalua, din daa bɛ Katakokombe yaɣ'li la, Kasai tingbani Belgian Congo tingban puuni.{{Sfn|Kanyarwunga|2006|p=76}}{{Sfn|Zeilig|2015|loc=Section: Early years: life in Onalua}} O daa yiila zuliya shɛli daa bɛ ni ka bi booni li Tetela, o n daa yi zuliya shɛli maa daa chɛ ka bi daa bɔlo Élias Okit'Asombo.{{Sfn|Fabian|1996|p=73}}{{Sfn|Willame|1990|pp=22–25}}{{Sfn|Kanyarwunga|2006|pp=76, 502}} O ba yuli gbɛnni bi zuliya maa ni n daa nyɛ "zuu sɔ bin narim" di nyɛla yu shɛli din yi Tetela yɛltɔɣ' ni na, {{Lang|ttl|okitá}}/{{Lang|ttl|okitɔ́}} ('zuu', 'gbaŋlana'){{Sfn|Hagendorens|1975|pp=275–276}} ni {{Lang|ttl|asombó}} ('narimbu bɛi zuliya shɛbi ban nyɛn kpiri yɔm').{{Sfn|Hagendorens|1975|pp=309, 371}} O daa malila tizɔdɔbba ata (Charles Lokolonga, Émile Kalema, ni Louis Onema Pene Lumumba) ni ninvuhi yino ŋun dii pa o dahalali zaa (Jean Tolenga).{{Sfn|Kanyarwunga|2006|p=76}} Bi daa nyɛla [[Roman cheechi|Catholic]] nima, o daa chaŋla Protestant primary shukuru, di daa nyɛla Catholic missionary shukuru, ka daa lahi n trisi tooni n chaŋ government post office training shukuru, o daa naa la o yuuni course shɛli o daa karindi maa vɛnyɛla. He was known for being a vocal, precocious young man, regularly pointing out the errors of his teachers in front of his peers.{{Sfn|Zeilig|2015|p=23}} This outspoken nature would come to define his life and career. Lumumba spoke Tetela, French, Lingala, Swahili, and Tshiluba.{{Sfn|Kanyarwunga|2006|p=76}} mqkhy7c020ezlh0qf9q8kdjpugf029d