Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:Musahfm

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      <text bytes="19250" sha1="3cnvza9hwnxskfi3xh301vurea8hcyc" xml:space="preserve">{{Welcome}} [[Ŋun su:Sabon Harshe|Sabon Harshe]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:Sabon Harshe|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 07:37, 26 Silimin gɔli August 2021 (GMT)

== Thanks for organizing Feminism and Folklore ==

Dear Organiser/Jury

Thank you so much for your enormous contribution during the [[:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] writing competition. We appreciate your time and efforts throughout the competition to bridge cultural and gender gap on Wikipedia. We are sending you a special postcard as a token of our appreciation and gratitude. Please fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeZ5eNggLMULDNupu4LFuTIcDmEyCIRh0QLhElkhkZvAmg0wQ/viewform this form] by July 20th 2022 to receive a postcard from us. We look forward to seeing you in 2023 next year.

Stay safe!

Gaurav Gaikwad.

International Team

Feminism and Folklore 
[[Ŋun su:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:MediaWiki message delivery|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 13:50, 10 Silimin gɔli July 2022 (GMT)
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== Invitation to organize Feminism and Folklore 2023 ==

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[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
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Dear {{PAGENAME}},

Christmas Greetings and a Happy New Year 2023,
 
You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2023|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia.
 
You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/List of Articles|list]] of suggested articles.
 
Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project:
# Create a page for the contest on the local wiki.
# Set up a fountain tool or dashboard.
# Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes.
# Request local admins for site notice.
# Link the local page and the fountain/dashboard link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta project page]].
 
This year we would be supporting the community's financial aid for Internet and childcare support. This would be provided for the local team including their jury and coordinator team. This support is opt-in and non mandatory. Kindly fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this Google form] and mark a mail to [mailto:support@wikilovesfolklore.org support@wikilovesfolklore.org] with the subject line starting as [Stipend] Name or Username/Language. The last date to sign up for internet and childcare aid from our team is 20th of January 2023, We encourage the language coordinators to sign up their community on this link by the 25th of January 2023.
 
Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance.
 
We look forward to your immense coordination.
 
Thank you and Best wishes,

[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team]]

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

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--[[Ŋun su:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:MediaWiki message delivery|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 10:11, 24 Silimin gɔli December 2022 (GMT)
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== Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2024 Writing Competition ==

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Dear {{PAGENAME}},

Hope you are doing well, Wishing you a Happy New Year!.

We extend a heartfelt invitation to you to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition, which is scheduled to take place from February 1, 2024, to March 31, 2024. This year's edition of Feminism and Folklore will concentrate on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics, aligning with a Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus and featuring a folk culture theme on Wikipedia.

This year we have created two new Tools for the Feminism and Folklore project. The tool is called '''Campwiz'''. This tool is created by the international Tech team of Wiki Loves Folkore especially crafted for Feminism and Folklore project. The tool works as same as fountain or dashboard but has extra abilities required for jury and submission of articles.   

To create a new campaign on Campwiz, organizers to follow these steps:

# Go to the tool link: &lt;nowiki&gt;https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/&lt;/nowiki&gt;
# Select your wiki on which you want to organize the campaign (enter the name or short code, such as &quot;{{CONTENTLANG}}&quot; for {{#language:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} {{SITENAME}}).
# Give your campaign a name example &quot;Feminism and Folklore 2024 on {{#language:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} {{SITENAME}})&quot;.
# Select the start and end dates (note: keep your start date as Feb 1 and end date as March 31).
# Provide a description for your campaign (you can briefly describe the campaign in this section).
# Make sure to keep the checkboxes ticked for &quot;Allow users to submit articles that were not created but expanded.&quot; if you want to use the campaign for expanded articles also. 
# Keep minimum added bytes as 4000 and minimum added words as 400 and click next.
# In the jury section, keep the checkboxes ticked for &quot;Allow jury members to participate in the campaign&quot; and &quot;Prevent jury members from seeing each other's votes.&quot; As per your preference.
# Under the jury search box, type the username of your jury and click on the &quot;+&quot; button to add; you can add multiple jury members.
# Click next to review and then click on save.

With this we have also created a '''Missing article tool'''. This tool identifies articles in the English Wikipedia that are absent from your native language Wikipedia. You can customize your selection criteria, and our tool will provide you with a table displaying the missing articles along with suggested titles. You also have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats.

Both tools, the Missing Article Tool and the Campwiz Tool, are now available for public use during the Feminism and Folklore campaign. You can find more information about these tools here: &lt;nowiki&gt;https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/&lt;/nowiki&gt;

There are also some changes in the rules and criteria's. Please go through the rules below.

# '''Minimum Length:''' The expanded or new article should have a minimum of '''''4000 bytes or 400 words''''', ensuring sufficient depth and coverage of the chosen topic. The local organizers are free to choose the minimum length criteria as per needs of their local Wikipedia and must be clearly mention on local project page.
# '''Language Quality:''' Articles should not be poorly machine-translated, ensuring that language quality and readability are maintained at a high standard.
# '''Timeline of Creation or Expansion:''' The article should be created or expanded between 1 February and 31 March, aligning with the specified contest timeline.
# '''Theme Relevance''': Articles should directly address the theme of feminism and folklore, exploring connections between gender, cultural traditions, and intangible heritage.
# '''No Orphaned Articles:''' Articles must not be orphaned, meaning they should be linked from at least one other article to ensure visibility within the Wikipedia ecosystem.
# '''No Copyright violations:''' There should be no copyright violations, and articles should adhere to local Wikipedia policies on notability, ensuring that the content meets the standards for notability.
# '''Adequate references and Citations:''' Each article should include proper references and citations following local Wikipedia policies, ensuring the reliability and credibility of the information presented.

Learn more about the contest details and prizes on our project page [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|here]]. Should you require any assistance, please feel free to contact us on our meta talk page or via email.

We eagerly anticipate your enthusiastic coordination and participation in Feminism and Folklore 2024.

Thank you and Best wishes,

'''Feminism and Folklore 2024 International Team'''

--[[Ŋun su:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:MediaWiki message delivery|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 06:51, 18 Silimin gɔli January 2024 (GMT)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon ==

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;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 

Dear Wikimedian,

We thank you for taking an initiative to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia.

The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects.

;About the Campaign 
'''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices.

;What Can Participants Write About? 
Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to:

* Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations  
* Folk dances, music, and traditional performances  
* Women and queer figures in folklore  
* Women in mythology and oral traditions  
* Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives  
* Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends  
* Folk games, sports, and cultural practices  

Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools.

;Checklist for Organizers 
Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community:

# Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] 
# Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool  
# Prepare a local article list and clearly mention:
#* Campaign timeline  
#* Local and international prizes  
# Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]]  
# Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]'''

;Campaign Tools

The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants:

* '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats.
* '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore.

Both tools are now available for use in the campaign.  '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]'''

;Learn More &amp; Get Support
For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''.

If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via:
* '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]'''
* Email us using details on the contact page.

;Join Us in upcoming office hours 
We look forward to your presence in the upcoming office hours where the community and the international Team can interact with each other and know more about the contest. resister yourself for the [[:m:Event:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 Office Hours|office hours event]]. 

Thank you and all the best,
  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]'''

----

''Stay connected:''  
[[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp;
[[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
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--[[Ŋun su:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:MediaWiki message delivery|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 13:30, 18 Silimin gɔli January 2026 (GMT)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2026 – Community Organisers &amp; Jury ==

Hello {{PAGENAME}}!,

Thank you for taking the lead in organising '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' in your community. We truly appreciate your efforts!

To ensure a smooth and successful campaign, please make sure you have:
* Fully completed all details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Feminism and Folklore 2026 Project Page]]:
* Started promoting the campaign within your community.
* Requested a local administrator to place a '''sitenotice''' about the campaign so users are notified.
* Used the '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/fnf/ Article List Generator Tool]''' and shared the generated article lists with your community.

=== Internet &amp; Childcare Support ===
Community organisers and jury members who require '''internet and childcare support''' (non-mandatory, opt-in, request-only support) should fill the support request form '''by 22 February 2026'''.

'''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeutXEF1yTnJfExWUYPIf6SkhcnTgul07BeI-biqT4RE_vsrA/viewform Link to the form]'''

Requests submitted after this date will not be entertained.

=== Important Participation Guidelines ===

* Minimum article size: '''3000 bytes and 300 words''' (final decision may be set by local organisers).
* If your country is not listed on the Article list generator tool, please contact us.

=== Community Engagement ===

* Keep your community active and motivated throughout the campaign.
* Share your achievements and notable articles with us so we can highlight them globally.
* In the support form, please indicate if you would like a '''quick coordination call after the campaign'''.
Let’s make '''Feminism and Folklore''', under the banner of '''#WeTogether''', help bridge the '''gender gap''' and '''folklore gap''' on Wikipedia worldwide. 🌍✊

Thank you for your collaboration!

''If someone from your community organisers or jury has missed this message feel free to share this message with them.''

Feminism and Folklore International Team.

–[[Ŋun su:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:MediaWiki message delivery|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 05:17, 16 Silimin gɔli February 2026 (GMT)
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== Next Steps and Feedback meeting for Feminism and Folklore Organizers ==

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[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]

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Dear Organizer,

I hope this message finds you well.

First and foremost, on behalf of the International Team I want to extend my gratitude to you for your efforts in organizing the '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' campaign on your local Wikipedia. Your contribution has been instrumental in bridging the gender and folk gap on Wikipedia, and we truly appreciate your dedication to this important cause.

As the campaign has ended I wanted to inform you about the next steps. It's time to commence the jury process using the CampWiz or Fountain tool where your campaign was hosted. Please ensure that you update the details of the jury, campaign links and the names of organizers accurately on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|sign-up page]].

Once the jury process is completed, kindly update only the top 3 winners details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|results page]] accordingly. The deadline for jury submission of results is '''April 30, 2026'''. However, if you find that the number of articles is high and you require more time, please don't hesitate to inform us via email or on campaign Meta Wiki talk page. We are more than willing to approve an extension if needed.

Should you encounter any issues with the tools, please feel free to reach out to us on Telegram for assistance. 

Your feedback and progress updates are crucial for us to improve the campaign and better understand your community's insights. Therefore, we kindly ask you to spare just an hour to collectively share your progress and achievements with us during our '''[[:m:Event:Feminism and Folklore 2026 Post-Campaign Office Hour|community feedback session]]'''. Your input will greatly assist us in making the campaign more meaningful and impactful.

Thank you once again for your hard work and dedication to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts are deeply appreciated, and we look forward to hearing from you soon.

Warm regards,

[[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]]

on behalf of Feminism and Folklore International Team 

&lt;nowiki&gt;#WeTogether&lt;/nowiki&gt;
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--[[Ŋun su:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:MediaWiki message delivery|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 11:57, 11 Silimin gɔli April 2026 (GMT)
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      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456951|Hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx</comment>
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|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
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|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
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|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hearing loss may occur in one or both ears.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; In children, hearing problems can affect the ability to learn spoken [[Yɛtɔɣili|language]] and in adults it can create difficulties with social interaction and at work.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hearing loss can be temporary or permanent. Hearing loss related to age usually affects both ears and is due to cochlear hair cell loss.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; In some people, particularly older people, hearing loss can result in loneliness.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

Hearing loss may be caused by a number of factors, including: genetics, ageing, exposure to noise, some [[Infection|infections]], birth complications, trauma to the ear, and certain medications or toxins.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; A common condition that results in hearing loss is [[Otitis media|chronic ear infections]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Certain infections during pregnancy, such as cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] and rubella, may also cause hearing loss in the child.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hearing loss is diagnosed when hearing testing finds that a person is unable to hear 25 decibels in at least one ear.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Testing for poor hearing is recommended for all newborns.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Hearing loss can be categorized as mild (25 to 40 dB), moderate (41 to 55&amp;nbsp;dB), moderate-severe (56 to 70&amp;nbsp;dB), severe (71 to 90&amp;nbsp;dB), or profound (greater than 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; There are three main types of hearing loss: conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and mixed hearing loss.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

About half of hearing loss globally is preventable through public health measures.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Such practices include immunization, proper care around pregnancy, avoiding loud noise, and avoiding certain medications.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; The [[World Health Organization]] recommends that young people limit exposure to loud sounds and the use of personal audio players to an hour a day in an effort to limit exposure to noise.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Early identification and support are particularly important in children.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; For many hearing aids, sign language, cochlear implants and subtitles are useful.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Lip reading is another useful skill some develop.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Access to hearing aids, however, is limited in many areas of the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

As of 2013 hearing loss affects about 1.1 billion people to some degree.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; It causes disability in about 466 million people (5% of the global population), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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      <text bytes="11701" sha1="ocha6w4pt0kwjn70f5ehuxl2350o0jz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; In children, hearing problems can affect the ability to learn spoken [[Yɛtɔɣili|language]] and in adults it can create difficulties with social interaction and at work.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hearing loss can be temporary or permanent. Hearing loss related to age usually affects both ears and is due to cochlear hair cell loss.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; In some people, particularly older people, hearing loss can result in loneliness.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

Hearing loss may be caused by a number of factors, including: genetics, ageing, exposure to noise, some [[Infection|infections]], birth complications, trauma to the ear, and certain medications or toxins.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; A common condition that results in hearing loss is [[Otitis media|chronic ear infections]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Certain infections during pregnancy, such as cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] and rubella, may also cause hearing loss in the child.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hearing loss is diagnosed when hearing testing finds that a person is unable to hear 25 decibels in at least one ear.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Testing for poor hearing is recommended for all newborns.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Hearing loss can be categorized as mild (25 to 40 dB), moderate (41 to 55&amp;nbsp;dB), moderate-severe (56 to 70&amp;nbsp;dB), severe (71 to 90&amp;nbsp;dB), or profound (greater than 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; There are three main types of hearing loss: conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and mixed hearing loss.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

About half of hearing loss globally is preventable through public health measures.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Such practices include immunization, proper care around pregnancy, avoiding loud noise, and avoiding certain medications.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; The [[World Health Organization]] recommends that young people limit exposure to loud sounds and the use of personal audio players to an hour a day in an effort to limit exposure to noise.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Early identification and support are particularly important in children.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; For many hearing aids, sign language, cochlear implants and subtitles are useful.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Lip reading is another useful skill some develop.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Access to hearing aids, however, is limited in many areas of the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

As of 2013 hearing loss affects about 1.1 billion people to some degree.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; It causes disability in about 466 million people (5% of the global population), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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    <revision>
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        <id>3942</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456951|Hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx</comment>
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|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di In children, hearing problems can affect the ability to learn spoken [[Yɛtɔɣili|language]] and in adults it can create difficulties with social interaction and at work.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hearing loss can be temporary or permanent. Hearing loss related to age usually affects both ears and is due to cochlear hair cell loss.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; In some people, particularly older people, hearing loss can result in loneliness.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

Hearing loss may be caused by a number of factors, including: genetics, ageing, exposure to noise, some [[Infection|infections]], birth complications, trauma to the ear, and certain medications or toxins.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; A common condition that results in hearing loss is [[Otitis media|chronic ear infections]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Certain infections during pregnancy, such as cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] and rubella, may also cause hearing loss in the child.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hearing loss is diagnosed when hearing testing finds that a person is unable to hear 25 decibels in at least one ear.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Testing for poor hearing is recommended for all newborns.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Hearing loss can be categorized as mild (25 to 40 dB), moderate (41 to 55&amp;nbsp;dB), moderate-severe (56 to 70&amp;nbsp;dB), severe (71 to 90&amp;nbsp;dB), or profound (greater than 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; There are three main types of hearing loss: conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and mixed hearing loss.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

About half of hearing loss globally is preventable through public health measures.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Such practices include immunization, proper care around pregnancy, avoiding loud noise, and avoiding certain medications.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; The [[World Health Organization]] recommends that young people limit exposure to loud sounds and the use of personal audio players to an hour a day in an effort to limit exposure to noise.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Early identification and support are particularly important in children.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; For many hearing aids, sign language, cochlear implants and subtitles are useful.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Lip reading is another useful skill some develop.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Access to hearing aids, however, is limited in many areas of the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

As of 2013 hearing loss affects about 1.1 billion people to some degree.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; It causes disability in about 466 million people (5% of the global population), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456951|Hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx</comment>
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      <text bytes="11750" sha1="026l9ssszdgtgzsomi72md1ihlsz2bh" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hearing loss can be temporary or permanent. Hearing loss related to age usually affects both ears and is due to cochlear hair cell loss.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; In some people, particularly older people, hearing loss can result in loneliness.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

Hearing loss may be caused by a number of factors, including: genetics, ageing, exposure to noise, some [[Infection|infections]], birth complications, trauma to the ear, and certain medications or toxins.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; A common condition that results in hearing loss is [[Otitis media|chronic ear infections]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Certain infections during pregnancy, such as cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] and rubella, may also cause hearing loss in the child.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hearing loss is diagnosed when hearing testing finds that a person is unable to hear 25 decibels in at least one ear.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Testing for poor hearing is recommended for all newborns.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Hearing loss can be categorized as mild (25 to 40 dB), moderate (41 to 55&amp;nbsp;dB), moderate-severe (56 to 70&amp;nbsp;dB), severe (71 to 90&amp;nbsp;dB), or profound (greater than 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; There are three main types of hearing loss: conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and mixed hearing loss.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

About half of hearing loss globally is preventable through public health measures.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Such practices include immunization, proper care around pregnancy, avoiding loud noise, and avoiding certain medications.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; The [[World Health Organization]] recommends that young people limit exposure to loud sounds and the use of personal audio players to an hour a day in an effort to limit exposure to noise.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Early identification and support are particularly important in children.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; For many hearing aids, sign language, cochlear implants and subtitles are useful.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Lip reading is another useful skill some develop.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Access to hearing aids, however, is limited in many areas of the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

As of 2013 hearing loss affects about 1.1 billion people to some degree.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; It causes disability in about 466 million people (5% of the global population), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>026l9ssszdgtgzsomi72md1ihlsz2bh</sha1>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456951|Hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx</comment>
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      <text bytes="11776" sha1="htpn2hy8rsw19pkiixnz36ujsp3pfmf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na . Hearing loss related to age usually affects both ears and is due to cochlear hair cell loss.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; In some people, particularly older people, hearing loss can result in loneliness.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

Hearing loss may be caused by a number of factors, including: genetics, ageing, exposure to noise, some [[Infection|infections]], birth complications, trauma to the ear, and certain medications or toxins.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; A common condition that results in hearing loss is [[Otitis media|chronic ear infections]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Certain infections during pregnancy, such as cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] and rubella, may also cause hearing loss in the child.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hearing loss is diagnosed when hearing testing finds that a person is unable to hear 25 decibels in at least one ear.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Testing for poor hearing is recommended for all newborns.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Hearing loss can be categorized as mild (25 to 40 dB), moderate (41 to 55&amp;nbsp;dB), moderate-severe (56 to 70&amp;nbsp;dB), severe (71 to 90&amp;nbsp;dB), or profound (greater than 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; There are three main types of hearing loss: conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and mixed hearing loss.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

About half of hearing loss globally is preventable through public health measures.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Such practices include immunization, proper care around pregnancy, avoiding loud noise, and avoiding certain medications.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; The [[World Health Organization]] recommends that young people limit exposure to loud sounds and the use of personal audio players to an hour a day in an effort to limit exposure to noise.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Early identification and support are particularly important in children.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; For many hearing aids, sign language, cochlear implants and subtitles are useful.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Lip reading is another useful skill some develop.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Access to hearing aids, however, is limited in many areas of the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

As of 2013 hearing loss affects about 1.1 billion people to some degree.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; It causes disability in about 466 million people (5% of the global population), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>3942</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456951|Hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx</comment>
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      <text bytes="11761" sha1="4s4vnuikkvnkc0nxbsti43ixst5tj1e" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; In some people, particularly older people, hearing loss can result in loneliness.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

Hearing loss may be caused by a number of factors, including: genetics, ageing, exposure to noise, some [[Infection|infections]], birth complications, trauma to the ear, and certain medications or toxins.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; A common condition that results in hearing loss is [[Otitis media|chronic ear infections]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Certain infections during pregnancy, such as cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] and rubella, may also cause hearing loss in the child.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hearing loss is diagnosed when hearing testing finds that a person is unable to hear 25 decibels in at least one ear.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Testing for poor hearing is recommended for all newborns.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Hearing loss can be categorized as mild (25 to 40 dB), moderate (41 to 55&amp;nbsp;dB), moderate-severe (56 to 70&amp;nbsp;dB), severe (71 to 90&amp;nbsp;dB), or profound (greater than 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; There are three main types of hearing loss: conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and mixed hearing loss.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

About half of hearing loss globally is preventable through public health measures.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Such practices include immunization, proper care around pregnancy, avoiding loud noise, and avoiding certain medications.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; The [[World Health Organization]] recommends that young people limit exposure to loud sounds and the use of personal audio players to an hour a day in an effort to limit exposure to noise.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Early identification and support are particularly important in children.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; For many hearing aids, sign language, cochlear implants and subtitles are useful.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Lip reading is another useful skill some develop.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Access to hearing aids, however, is limited in many areas of the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

As of 2013 hearing loss affects about 1.1 billion people to some degree.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; It causes disability in about 466 million people (5% of the global population), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456951|Hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx</comment>
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      <text bytes="11756" sha1="tw4wroo2vww6gfhqis80n556477jwfx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi zaŋ siŋbu na&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

Hearing loss may be caused by a number of factors, including: genetics, ageing, exposure to noise, some [[Infection|infections]], birth complications, trauma to the ear, and certain medications or toxins.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; A common condition that results in hearing loss is [[Otitis media|chronic ear infections]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Certain infections during pregnancy, such as cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] and rubella, may also cause hearing loss in the child.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hearing loss is diagnosed when hearing testing finds that a person is unable to hear 25 decibels in at least one ear.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Testing for poor hearing is recommended for all newborns.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Hearing loss can be categorized as mild (25 to 40 dB), moderate (41 to 55&amp;nbsp;dB), moderate-severe (56 to 70&amp;nbsp;dB), severe (71 to 90&amp;nbsp;dB), or profound (greater than 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; There are three main types of hearing loss: conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and mixed hearing loss.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

About half of hearing loss globally is preventable through public health measures.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Such practices include immunization, proper care around pregnancy, avoiding loud noise, and avoiding certain medications.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; The [[World Health Organization]] recommends that young people limit exposure to loud sounds and the use of personal audio players to an hour a day in an effort to limit exposure to noise.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Early identification and support are particularly important in children.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; For many hearing aids, sign language, cochlear implants and subtitles are useful.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Lip reading is another useful skill some develop.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Access to hearing aids, however, is limited in many areas of the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

As of 2013 hearing loss affects about 1.1 billion people to some degree.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; It causes disability in about 466 million people (5% of the global population), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>tw4wroo2vww6gfhqis80n556477jwfx</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>132509</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Abdul-Rauf Moshie</username>
        <id>3942</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456951|Hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx</comment>
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      <text bytes="11802" sha1="m8m0lp7vzycxqgrizo6gkled89q8p4q" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi che bɛ  be bɛ konko saha shƐli kam bee n-kɔŋ bɛ zonima&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

Hearing loss may be caused by a number of factors, including: genetics, ageing, exposure to noise, some [[Infection|infections]], birth complications, trauma to the ear, and certain medications or toxins.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; A common condition that results in hearing loss is [[Otitis media|chronic ear infections]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Certain infections during pregnancy, such as cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] and rubella, may also cause hearing loss in the child.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hearing loss is diagnosed when hearing testing finds that a person is unable to hear 25 decibels in at least one ear.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Testing for poor hearing is recommended for all newborns.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Hearing loss can be categorized as mild (25 to 40 dB), moderate (41 to 55&amp;nbsp;dB), moderate-severe (56 to 70&amp;nbsp;dB), severe (71 to 90&amp;nbsp;dB), or profound (greater than 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; There are three main types of hearing loss: conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and mixed hearing loss.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

About half of hearing loss globally is preventable through public health measures.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Such practices include immunization, proper care around pregnancy, avoiding loud noise, and avoiding certain medications.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; The [[World Health Organization]] recommends that young people limit exposure to loud sounds and the use of personal audio players to an hour a day in an effort to limit exposure to noise.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Early identification and support are particularly important in children.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; For many hearing aids, sign language, cochlear implants and subtitles are useful.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Lip reading is another useful skill some develop.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Access to hearing aids, however, is limited in many areas of the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

As of 2013 hearing loss affects about 1.1 billion people to some degree.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; It causes disability in about 466 million people (5% of the global population), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Abdul-Rauf Moshie</username>
        <id>3942</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456951|Hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx</comment>
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      <text bytes="11745" sha1="de66bknelvqf4lu8o83hdk28np00n3i" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi che bɛ  be bɛ konko saha shƐli kam bee n-kɔŋ bɛ zonima&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

Kpuribu nyɛla bin yɛra pam ni tooi tahi shɛli na, kamani kuriginsim, vuri pam wumbu, doro , dɔƔim yƐlimuƔisira, tibili daŋsi nti pahi tima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; A common condition that results in hearing loss is [[Otitis media|chronic ear infections]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Certain infections during pregnancy, such as cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] and rubella, may also cause hearing loss in the child.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hearing loss is diagnosed when hearing testing finds that a person is unable to hear 25 decibels in at least one ear.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Testing for poor hearing is recommended for all newborns.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Hearing loss can be categorized as mild (25 to 40 dB), moderate (41 to 55&amp;nbsp;dB), moderate-severe (56 to 70&amp;nbsp;dB), severe (71 to 90&amp;nbsp;dB), or profound (greater than 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; There are three main types of hearing loss: conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and mixed hearing loss.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

About half of hearing loss globally is preventable through public health measures.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Such practices include immunization, proper care around pregnancy, avoiding loud noise, and avoiding certain medications.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; The [[World Health Organization]] recommends that young people limit exposure to loud sounds and the use of personal audio players to an hour a day in an effort to limit exposure to noise.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Early identification and support are particularly important in children.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; For many hearing aids, sign language, cochlear implants and subtitles are useful.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Lip reading is another useful skill some develop.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Access to hearing aids, however, is limited in many areas of the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

As of 2013 hearing loss affects about 1.1 billion people to some degree.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; It causes disability in about 466 million people (5% of the global population), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Abdul-Rauf Moshie</username>
        <id>3942</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456951|Hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx</comment>
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      <text bytes="11741" sha1="2pbl26vdfhmihc7g7qisnvy8eraxk81" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi che bɛ  be bɛ konko saha shƐli kam bee n-kɔŋ bɛ zonima&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; 

Kpuribu nyɛla bin yɛra pam ni tooi tahi shɛli na, kamani kuriginsim, vuri pam wumbu, doro , dɔƔim yɛlimuɣisira, tibili daŋsi nti pahi tima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Binshɛɣu din tooi tahiri kpuribu na n -nye [[Otitis media|Tibili dɔriti din yuui]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Certain infections during pregnancy, such as cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] and rubella, may also cause hearing loss in the child.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hearing loss is diagnosed when hearing testing finds that a person is unable to hear 25 decibels in at least one ear.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Testing for poor hearing is recommended for all newborns.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Hearing loss can be categorized as mild (25 to 40 dB), moderate (41 to 55&amp;nbsp;dB), moderate-severe (56 to 70&amp;nbsp;dB), severe (71 to 90&amp;nbsp;dB), or profound (greater than 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; There are three main types of hearing loss: conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and mixed hearing loss.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

About half of hearing loss globally is preventable through public health measures.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Such practices include immunization, proper care around pregnancy, avoiding loud noise, and avoiding certain medications.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; The [[World Health Organization]] recommends that young people limit exposure to loud sounds and the use of personal audio players to an hour a day in an effort to limit exposure to noise.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Early identification and support are particularly important in children.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; For many hearing aids, sign language, cochlear implants and subtitles are useful.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Lip reading is another useful skill some develop.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Access to hearing aids, however, is limited in many areas of the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

As of 2013 hearing loss affects about 1.1 billion people to some degree.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; It causes disability in about 466 million people (5% of the global population), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Abdul-Rauf Moshie</username>
        <id>3942</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456951|Hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx</comment>
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      <text bytes="11752" sha1="60h51gbnyzxnhei6ybfyywmdry69lqa" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi che bɛ  be bɛ konko saha shƐli kam bee n-kɔŋ bɛ zonima&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; 

Kpuribu nyɛla bin yɛra pam ni tooi tahi shɛli na, kamani kuriginsim, vuri pam wumbu, doro , dɔƔim yɛlimuɣisira, tibili daŋsi nti pahi tima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Binshɛɣu din tooi tahiri kpuribu na n -nye [[Otitis media|Tibili dɔriti din yuui]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Dɔri' shɛŋa din yɔli n-ti paɣa puunima kamani cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] bee rubella, nyɛla din ni tooi tahi kpuribu na bia maa ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hearing loss is diagnosed when hearing testing finds that a person is unable to hear 25 decibels in at least one ear.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Testing for poor hearing is recommended for all newborns.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Hearing loss can be categorized as mild (25 to 40 dB), moderate (41 to 55&amp;nbsp;dB), moderate-severe (56 to 70&amp;nbsp;dB), severe (71 to 90&amp;nbsp;dB), or profound (greater than 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; There are three main types of hearing loss: conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and mixed hearing loss.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

About half of hearing loss globally is preventable through public health measures.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Such practices include immunization, proper care around pregnancy, avoiding loud noise, and avoiding certain medications.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; The [[World Health Organization]] recommends that young people limit exposure to loud sounds and the use of personal audio players to an hour a day in an effort to limit exposure to noise.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Early identification and support are particularly important in children.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; For many hearing aids, sign language, cochlear implants and subtitles are useful.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Lip reading is another useful skill some develop.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Access to hearing aids, however, is limited in many areas of the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

As of 2013 hearing loss affects about 1.1 billion people to some degree.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; It causes disability in about 466 million people (5% of the global population), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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      <text bytes="11784" sha1="5jq56utke1zv30li9cg8v7ny5jxnx6g" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi che bɛ  be bɛ konko saha shƐli kam bee n-kɔŋ bɛ zonima&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; 

Kpuribu nyɛla bin yɛra pam ni tooi tahi shɛli na, kamani kuriginsim, vuri pam wumbu, doro , dɔƔim yɛlimuɣisira, tibili daŋsi nti pahi tima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Binshɛɣu din tooi tahiri kpuribu na n -nye [[Otitis media|Tibili dɔriti din yuui]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Dɔri' shɛŋa din yɔli n-ti paɣa puunima kamani cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] bee rubella, nyɛla din ni tooi tahi kpuribu na bia maa ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu vihi m-baŋ dɔlila di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ zaƔim tiba maa ka niri ku tooi wum kumsim din zaƔimbu nye 25 decibels hali di nye tib' yini puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Testing for poor hearing is recommended for all newborns.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Hearing loss can be categorized as mild (25 to 40 dB), moderate (41 to 55&amp;nbsp;dB), moderate-severe (56 to 70&amp;nbsp;dB), severe (71 to 90&amp;nbsp;dB), or profound (greater than 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; There are three main types of hearing loss: conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and mixed hearing loss.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

About half of hearing loss globally is preventable through public health measures.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Such practices include immunization, proper care around pregnancy, avoiding loud noise, and avoiding certain medications.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; The [[World Health Organization]] recommends that young people limit exposure to loud sounds and the use of personal audio players to an hour a day in an effort to limit exposure to noise.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Early identification and support are particularly important in children.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; For many hearing aids, sign language, cochlear implants and subtitles are useful.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Lip reading is another useful skill some develop.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Access to hearing aids, however, is limited in many areas of the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

As of 2013 hearing loss affects about 1.1 billion people to some degree.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; It causes disability in about 466 million people (5% of the global population), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>5jq56utke1zv30li9cg8v7ny5jxnx6g</sha1>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Abdul-Rauf Moshie</username>
        <id>3942</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456951|Hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx</comment>
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      <text bytes="11805" sha1="68l9xkrpm2zxagb0o0srrchw3vmzfqg" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi che bɛ  be bɛ konko saha shƐli kam bee n-kɔŋ bɛ zonima&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; 

Kpuribu nyɛla bin yɛra pam ni tooi tahi shɛli na, kamani kuriginsim, vuri pam wumbu, doro , dɔƔim yɛlimuɣisira, tibili daŋsi nti pahi tima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Binshɛɣu din tooi tahiri kpuribu na n -nye [[Otitis media|Tibili dɔriti din yuui]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Dɔri' shɛŋa din yɔli n-ti paɣa puunima kamani cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] bee rubella, nyɛla din ni tooi tahi kpuribu na bia maa ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu vihi m-baŋ dɔlila di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ zaɣim tiba maa ka niri ku tooi wum kumsim din zaɣimbu nye 25 decibels hali di nye tib' yini puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu zaɣimbu nyɛla baŋdiba ni sahi nti shɛli ni di niŋ nti bilɛɣu kam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Hearing loss can be categorized as mild (25 to 40 dB), moderate (41 to 55&amp;nbsp;dB), moderate-severe (56 to 70&amp;nbsp;dB), severe (71 to 90&amp;nbsp;dB), or profound (greater than 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; There are three main types of hearing loss: conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and mixed hearing loss.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

About half of hearing loss globally is preventable through public health measures.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Such practices include immunization, proper care around pregnancy, avoiding loud noise, and avoiding certain medications.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; The [[World Health Organization]] recommends that young people limit exposure to loud sounds and the use of personal audio players to an hour a day in an effort to limit exposure to noise.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Early identification and support are particularly important in children.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; For many hearing aids, sign language, cochlear implants and subtitles are useful.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Lip reading is another useful skill some develop.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Access to hearing aids, however, is limited in many areas of the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

As of 2013 hearing loss affects about 1.1 billion people to some degree.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; It causes disability in about 466 million people (5% of the global population), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>132515</id>
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        <username>Abdul-Rauf Moshie</username>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456951|Hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx</comment>
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      <text bytes="11824" sha1="5eamyx6vba5jiyayz0ar1z0w3s1xgj2" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi che bɛ  be bɛ konko saha shƐli kam bee n-kɔŋ bɛ zonima&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; 

Kpuribu nyɛla bin yɛra pam ni tooi tahi shɛli na, kamani kuriginsim, vuri pam wumbu, doro , dɔƔim yɛlimuɣisira, tibili daŋsi nti pahi tima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Binshɛɣu din tooi tahiri kpuribu na n -nye [[Otitis media|Tibili dɔriti din yuui]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Dɔri' shɛŋa din yɔli n-ti paɣa puunima kamani cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] bee rubella, nyɛla din ni tooi tahi kpuribu na bia maa ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu vihi m-baŋ dɔlila di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ zaɣim tiba maa ka niri ku tooi wum kumsim din zaɣimbu nye 25 decibels hali di nye tib' yini puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu zaɣimbu nyɛla baŋdiba ni sahi nti shɛli ni di niŋ nti bilɛɣu kam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din pubupubu nye tuuli; din bala (25 to 40 dB), din paya (41 to 55&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm bela (56 to 70&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm pam(71 to 90&amp;nbsp;dB), bee din gamsariya (greater than 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; There are three main types of hearing loss: conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and mixed hearing loss.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

About half of hearing loss globally is preventable through public health measures.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Such practices include immunization, proper care around pregnancy, avoiding loud noise, and avoiding certain medications.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; The [[World Health Organization]] recommends that young people limit exposure to loud sounds and the use of personal audio players to an hour a day in an effort to limit exposure to noise.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Early identification and support are particularly important in children.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; For many hearing aids, sign language, cochlear implants and subtitles are useful.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Lip reading is another useful skill some develop.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Access to hearing aids, however, is limited in many areas of the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

As of 2013 hearing loss affects about 1.1 billion people to some degree.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; It causes disability in about 466 million people (5% of the global population), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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        <id>3942</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456951|Hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx</comment>
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      <text bytes="11840" sha1="rohvhs371ruasb687wo28eoza1qc8lm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi che bɛ  be bɛ konko saha shƐli kam bee n-kɔŋ bɛ zonima&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; 

Kpuribu nyɛla bin yɛra pam ni tooi tahi shɛli na, kamani kuriginsim, vuri pam wumbu, doro , dɔƔim yɛlimuɣisira, tibili daŋsi nti pahi tima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Binshɛɣu din tooi tahiri kpuribu na n -nye [[Otitis media|Tibili dɔriti din yuui]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Dɔri' shɛŋa din yɔli n-ti paɣa puunima kamani cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] bee rubella, nyɛla din ni tooi tahi kpuribu na bia maa ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu vihi m-baŋ dɔlila di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ zaɣim tiba maa ka niri ku tooi wum kumsim din zaɣimbu nye 25 decibels hali di nye tib' yini puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu zaɣimbu nyɛla baŋdiba ni sahi nti shɛli ni di niŋ nti bilɛɣu kam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din pubupubu nye tuuli; din bala (25 hali ni 40 dB), din paya (41 hali ni 55&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm bela (56 hali ni 70&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm pam(71 hali ni 90&amp;nbsp;dB), bee din gamsariya (din yahi 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; There are three main types of hearing loss: conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and mixed hearing loss.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

About half of hearing loss globally is preventable through public health measures.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Such practices include immunization, proper care around pregnancy, avoiding loud noise, and avoiding certain medications.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; The [[World Health Organization]] recommends that young people limit exposure to loud sounds and the use of personal audio players to an hour a day in an effort to limit exposure to noise.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Early identification and support are particularly important in children.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; For many hearing aids, sign language, cochlear implants and subtitles are useful.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Lip reading is another useful skill some develop.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Access to hearing aids, however, is limited in many areas of the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

As of 2013 hearing loss affects about 1.1 billion people to some degree.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; It causes disability in about 466 million people (5% of the global population), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>rohvhs371ruasb687wo28eoza1qc8lm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>132517</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-10T16:35:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdul-Rauf Moshie</username>
        <id>3942</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456951|Hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx</comment>
      <origin>132517</origin>
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      <text bytes="11840" sha1="cfmvu4beea2s6ojn2y36dsw9crckf6p" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi che bɛ  be bɛ konko saha shƐli kam bee n-kɔŋ bɛ zonima&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; 

Kpuribu nyɛla bin yɛra pam ni tooi tahi shɛli na, kamani kuriginsim, vuri pam wumbu, doro , dɔƔim yɛlimuɣisira, tibili daŋsi nti pahi tima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Binshɛɣu din tooi tahiri kpuribu na n -nye [[Otitis media|Tibili dɔriti din yuui]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Dɔri' shɛŋa din yɔli n-ti paɣa puunima kamani cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] bee rubella, nyɛla din ni tooi tahi kpuribu na bia maa ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu vihi m-baŋ dɔlila di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ zaɣim tiba maa ka niri ku tooi wum kumsim din zaɣimbu nye 25 decibels hali di nye tib' yini puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu zaɣimbu nyɛla baŋdiba ni sahi nti shɛli ni di niŋ nti bilɛɣu kam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din pubupubu nye tuuli; din bala (25 hali ni 40 dB), din paya (41 hali ni 55&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm bela (56 hali ni 70&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm pam(71 hali ni 90&amp;nbsp;dB), bee din gamsariya (din yahi 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu lahi pumi ʒibuta zuɣu ka ŋa nye: conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and mixed hearing loss.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

About half of hearing loss globally is preventable through public health measures.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Such practices include immunization, proper care around pregnancy, avoiding loud noise, and avoiding certain medications.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; The [[World Health Organization]] recommends that young people limit exposure to loud sounds and the use of personal audio players to an hour a day in an effort to limit exposure to noise.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Early identification and support are particularly important in children.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; For many hearing aids, sign language, cochlear implants and subtitles are useful.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Lip reading is another useful skill some develop.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Access to hearing aids, however, is limited in many areas of the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

As of 2013 hearing loss affects about 1.1 billion people to some degree.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; It causes disability in about 466 million people (5% of the global population), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>132518</id>
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        <username>Abdul-Rauf Moshie</username>
        <id>3942</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456951|Hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx</comment>
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      <text bytes="11838" sha1="b4fj9kxdt69zr81ri9318m9zd9yl811" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi che bɛ  be bɛ konko saha shƐli kam bee n-kɔŋ bɛ zonima&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; 

Kpuribu nyɛla bin yɛra pam ni tooi tahi shɛli na, kamani kuriginsim, vuri pam wumbu, doro , dɔƔim yɛlimuɣisira, tibili daŋsi nti pahi tima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Binshɛɣu din tooi tahiri kpuribu na n -nye [[Otitis media|Tibili dɔriti din yuui]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Dɔri' shɛŋa din yɔli n-ti paɣa puunima kamani cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] bee rubella, nyɛla din ni tooi tahi kpuribu na bia maa ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu vihi m-baŋ dɔlila di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ zaɣim tiba maa ka niri ku tooi wum kumsim din zaɣimbu nye 25 decibels hali di nye tib' yini puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu zaɣimbu nyɛla baŋdiba ni sahi nti shɛli ni di niŋ nti bilɛɣu kam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din pubupubu nye tuuli; din bala (25 hali ni 40 dB), din paya (41 hali ni 55&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm bela (56 hali ni 70&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm pam(71 hali ni 90&amp;nbsp;dB), bee din gamsariya (din yahi 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu lahi pumi ʒibuta zuɣu ka ŋa nye: conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, bee kpuribu din gabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

About half of hearing loss globally is preventable through public health measures.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Such practices include immunization, proper care around pregnancy, avoiding loud noise, and avoiding certain medications.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; The [[World Health Organization]] recommends that young people limit exposure to loud sounds and the use of personal audio players to an hour a day in an effort to limit exposure to noise.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Early identification and support are particularly important in children.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; For many hearing aids, sign language, cochlear implants and subtitles are useful.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Lip reading is another useful skill some develop.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Access to hearing aids, however, is limited in many areas of the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

As of 2013 hearing loss affects about 1.1 billion people to some degree.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; It causes disability in about 466 million people (5% of the global population), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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        <username>Abdul-Rauf Moshie</username>
        <id>3942</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456951|Hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx</comment>
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      <text bytes="11852" sha1="1ss61aodha1gsmba8ha1zjaru8qrgqi" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi che bɛ  be bɛ konko saha shƐli kam bee n-kɔŋ bɛ zonima&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; 

Kpuribu nyɛla bin yɛra pam ni tooi tahi shɛli na, kamani kuriginsim, vuri pam wumbu, doro , dɔƔim yɛlimuɣisira, tibili daŋsi nti pahi tima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Binshɛɣu din tooi tahiri kpuribu na n -nye [[Otitis media|Tibili dɔriti din yuui]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Dɔri' shɛŋa din yɔli n-ti paɣa puunima kamani cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] bee rubella, nyɛla din ni tooi tahi kpuribu na bia maa ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu vihi m-baŋ dɔlila di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ zaɣim tiba maa ka niri ku tooi wum kumsim din zaɣimbu nye 25 decibels hali di nye tib' yini puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu zaɣimbu nyɛla baŋdiba ni sahi nti shɛli ni di niŋ nti bilɛɣu kam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din pubupubu nye tuuli; din bala (25 hali ni 40 dB), din paya (41 hali ni 55&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm bela (56 hali ni 70&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm pam(71 hali ni 90&amp;nbsp;dB), bee din gamsariya (din yahi 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu lahi pumi ʒibuta zuɣu ka ŋa nye: Wumbu yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, Tibili puuni yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, bee kpuribu din gabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

About half of hearing loss globally is preventable through public health measures.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Such practices include immunization, proper care around pregnancy, avoiding loud noise, and avoiding certain medications.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; The [[World Health Organization]] recommends that young people limit exposure to loud sounds and the use of personal audio players to an hour a day in an effort to limit exposure to noise.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Early identification and support are particularly important in children.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; For many hearing aids, sign language, cochlear implants and subtitles are useful.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Lip reading is another useful skill some develop.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Access to hearing aids, however, is limited in many areas of the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

As of 2013 hearing loss affects about 1.1 billion people to some degree.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; It causes disability in about 466 million people (5% of the global population), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>1ss61aodha1gsmba8ha1zjaru8qrgqi</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>132520</id>
      <parentid>132519</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-10T16:50:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdul-Rauf Moshie</username>
        <id>3942</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456951|Hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx</comment>
      <origin>132520</origin>
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      <text bytes="11892" sha1="izuir6i6qv39r35hhbd65let6xepco0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi che bɛ  be bɛ konko saha shƐli kam bee n-kɔŋ bɛ zonima&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; 

Kpuribu nyɛla bin yɛra pam ni tooi tahi shɛli na, kamani kuriginsim, vuri pam wumbu, doro , dɔɣim yɛlimuɣisira, tibili daŋsi nti pahi tima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Binshɛɣu din tooi tahiri kpuribu na n -nye [[Otitis media|Tibili dɔriti din yuui]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Dɔri' shɛŋa din yɔli n-ti paɣa puunima kamani cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] bee rubella, nyɛla din ni tooi tahi kpuribu na bia maa ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu vihi m-baŋ dɔlila di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ zaɣim tiba maa ka niri ku tooi wum kumsim din zaɣimbu nye 25 decibels hali di nye tib' yini puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu zaɣimbu nyɛla baŋdiba ni sahi nti shɛli ni di niŋ nti bilɛɣu kam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din pubupubu nye tuuli; din bala (25 hali ni 40 dB), din paya (41 hali ni 55&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm bela (56 hali ni 70&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm pam(71 hali ni 90&amp;nbsp;dB), bee din gamsariya (din yahi 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu lahi pumi ʒibuta zuɣu ka ŋa nye: Wumbu yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, Tibili puuni yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, bee kpuribu din gabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamani Kpuribu shɛhiranima pirigili nyƐla din ni tooi tahi ka gu anduniya yaangi zuɣu niri ni dɔli alaafee zali kpana.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Such practices include immunization, proper care around pregnancy, avoiding loud noise, and avoiding certain medications.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; The [[World Health Organization]] recommends that young people limit exposure to loud sounds and the use of personal audio players to an hour a day in an effort to limit exposure to noise.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Early identification and support are particularly important in children.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; For many hearing aids, sign language, cochlear implants and subtitles are useful.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Lip reading is another useful skill some develop.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Access to hearing aids, however, is limited in many areas of the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

As of 2013 hearing loss affects about 1.1 billion people to some degree.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; It causes disability in about 466 million people (5% of the global population), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>132521</id>
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        <username>Abdul-Rauf Moshie</username>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456951|Hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx</comment>
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      <text bytes="11933" sha1="p5witpuf0g9eh0h02onpaygxrx4emw3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi che bɛ  be bɛ konko saha shƐli kam bee n-kɔŋ bɛ zonima&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; 

Kpuribu nyɛla bin yɛra pam ni tooi tahi shɛli na, kamani kuriginsim, vuri pam wumbu, doro , dɔɣim yɛlimuɣisira, tibili daŋsi nti pahi tima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Binshɛɣu din tooi tahiri kpuribu na n -nye [[Otitis media|Tibili dɔriti din yuui]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Dɔri' shɛŋa din yɔli n-ti paɣa puunima kamani cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] bee rubella, nyɛla din ni tooi tahi kpuribu na bia maa ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu vihi m-baŋ dɔlila di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ zaɣim tiba maa ka niri ku tooi wum kumsim din zaɣimbu nye 25 decibels hali di nye tib' yini puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu zaɣimbu nyɛla baŋdiba ni sahi nti shɛli ni di niŋ nti bilɛɣu kam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din pubupubu nye tuuli; din bala (25 hali ni 40 dB), din paya (41 hali ni 55&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm bela (56 hali ni 70&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm pam(71 hali ni 90&amp;nbsp;dB), bee din gamsariya (din yahi 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu lahi pumi ʒibuta zuɣu ka ŋa nye: Wumbu yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, Tibili puuni yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, bee kpuribu din gabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamani Kpuribu shɛhiranima pirigili nyƐla din ni tooi tahi ka gu anduniya yaangi zuɣu niri ni dɔli alaafee zali kpana.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Zali kpana kaman immunization, zaŋa ni alaafee zaŋ jandi puu bee vuri tahibu bee n niŋdi kantiŋ ka chɛri vuri nti pahi ti' shɛŋa chɛbu bee kantiŋ niŋbu &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; The [[World Health Organization]] recommends that young people limit exposure to loud sounds and the use of personal audio players to an hour a day in an effort to limit exposure to noise.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Early identification and support are particularly important in children.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; For many hearing aids, sign language, cochlear implants and subtitles are useful.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Lip reading is another useful skill some develop.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Access to hearing aids, however, is limited in many areas of the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

As of 2013 hearing loss affects about 1.1 billion people to some degree.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; It causes disability in about 466 million people (5% of the global population), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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      <text bytes="11990" sha1="2mq4374q3iytaje6h1ubherj9nrpdi5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi che bɛ  be bɛ konko saha shƐli kam bee n-kɔŋ bɛ zonima&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; 

Kpuribu nyɛla bin yɛra pam ni tooi tahi shɛli na, kamani kuriginsim, vuri pam wumbu, doro , dɔɣim yɛlimuɣisira, tibili daŋsi nti pahi tima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Binshɛɣu din tooi tahiri kpuribu na n -nye [[Otitis media|Tibili dɔriti din yuui]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Dɔri' shɛŋa din yɔli n-ti paɣa puunima kamani cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] bee rubella, nyɛla din ni tooi tahi kpuribu na bia maa ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu vihi m-baŋ dɔlila di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ zaɣim tiba maa ka niri ku tooi wum kumsim din zaɣimbu nye 25 decibels hali di nye tib' yini puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu zaɣimbu nyɛla baŋdiba ni sahi nti shɛli ni di niŋ nti bilɛɣu kam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din pubupubu nye tuuli; din bala (25 hali ni 40 dB), din paya (41 hali ni 55&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm bela (56 hali ni 70&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm pam(71 hali ni 90&amp;nbsp;dB), bee din gamsariya (din yahi 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu lahi pumi ʒibuta zuɣu ka ŋa nye: Wumbu yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, Tibili puuni yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, bee kpuribu din gabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamani Kpuribu shɛhiranima pirigili nyƐla din ni tooi tahi ka gu anduniya yaangi zuɣu niri ni dɔli alaafee zali kpana.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Zali kpana kaman immunization, zaŋa ni alaafee zaŋ jandi puu bee vuri tahibu bee n niŋdi kantiŋ ka chɛri vuri nti pahi ti' shɛŋa chɛbu bee kantiŋ niŋbu &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; [[World Health Organization|Anduniya yaangi zuɣu alaafee yili]] nima yuya ni bi' pɔla niŋ katiŋa ka che vuri n ti pahi kpatuhi shɛŋa din tahiri vuri na hali bɛ yɛn wum ŋa, bɛ di wum vuri maa n yaɣi awa yini biɛɣukulo kam puuni saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Early identification and support are particularly important in children.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; For many hearing aids, sign language, cochlear implants and subtitles are useful.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Lip reading is another useful skill some develop.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Access to hearing aids, however, is limited in many areas of the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

As of 2013 hearing loss affects about 1.1 billion people to some degree.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; It causes disability in about 466 million people (5% of the global population), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>2mq4374q3iytaje6h1ubherj9nrpdi5</sha1>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Abdul-Rauf Moshie</username>
        <id>3942</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456951|Hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx</comment>
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      <text bytes="11989" sha1="pfkohxzkzc3onkn9hi831g3joxasjcy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi che bɛ  be bɛ konko saha shƐli kam bee n-kɔŋ bɛ zonima&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; 

Kpuribu nyɛla bin yɛra pam ni tooi tahi shɛli na, kamani kuriginsim, vuri pam wumbu, doro , dɔɣim yɛlimuɣisira, tibili daŋsi nti pahi tima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Binshɛɣu din tooi tahiri kpuribu na n -nye [[Otitis media|Tibili dɔriti din yuui]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Dɔri' shɛŋa din yɔli n-ti paɣa puunima kamani cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] bee rubella, nyɛla din ni tooi tahi kpuribu na bia maa ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu vihi m-baŋ dɔlila di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ zaɣim tiba maa ka niri ku tooi wum kumsim din zaɣimbu nye 25 decibels hali di nye tib' yini puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu zaɣimbu nyɛla baŋdiba ni sahi nti shɛli ni di niŋ nti bilɛɣu kam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din pubupubu nye tuuli; din bala (25 hali ni 40 dB), din paya (41 hali ni 55&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm bela (56 hali ni 70&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm pam(71 hali ni 90&amp;nbsp;dB), bee din gamsariya (din yahi 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu lahi pumi ʒibuta zuɣu ka ŋa nye: Wumbu yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, Tibili puuni yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, bee kpuribu din gabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamani Kpuribu shɛhiranima pirigili nyƐla din ni tooi tahi ka gu anduniya yaangi zuɣu niri ni dɔli alaafee zali kpana.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Zali kpana kaman immunization, zaŋa ni alaafee zaŋ jandi puu bee vuri tahibu bee n niŋdi kantiŋ ka chɛri vuri nti pahi ti' shɛŋa chɛbu bee kantiŋ niŋbu &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; [[World Health Organization|Anduniya yaangi zuɣu alaafee yili]] nima yuya ni bi' pɔla niŋ katiŋa ka che vuri n ti pahi kpatuhi shɛŋa din tahiri vuri na hali bɛ yɛn wum ŋa, bɛ di wum vuri maa n yaɣi awa yini biɛɣukulo kam puuni saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu yomyom vihibaŋ ni tibibu nyɛla din mali anfaani pam nti bihi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; For many hearing aids, sign language, cochlear implants and subtitles are useful.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Lip reading is another useful skill some develop.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Access to hearing aids, however, is limited in many areas of the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

As of 2013 hearing loss affects about 1.1 billion people to some degree.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; It causes disability in about 466 million people (5% of the global population), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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    <revision>
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        <username>Abdul-Rauf Moshie</username>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456951|Hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx</comment>
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      <text bytes="12019" sha1="ccrjeudc6qe173nwjw6rhd9wjltk3bl" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi che bɛ  be bɛ konko saha shƐli kam bee n-kɔŋ bɛ zonima&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; 

Kpuribu nyɛla bin yɛra pam ni tooi tahi shɛli na, kamani kuriginsim, vuri pam wumbu, doro , dɔɣim yɛlimuɣisira, tibili daŋsi nti pahi tima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Binshɛɣu din tooi tahiri kpuribu na n -nye [[Otitis media|Tibili dɔriti din yuui]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Dɔri' shɛŋa din yɔli n-ti paɣa puunima kamani cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] bee rubella, nyɛla din ni tooi tahi kpuribu na bia maa ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu vihi m-baŋ dɔlila di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ zaɣim tiba maa ka niri ku tooi wum kumsim din zaɣimbu nye 25 decibels hali di nye tib' yini puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu zaɣimbu nyɛla baŋdiba ni sahi nti shɛli ni di niŋ nti bilɛɣu kam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din pubupubu nye tuuli; din bala (25 hali ni 40 dB), din paya (41 hali ni 55&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm bela (56 hali ni 70&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm pam(71 hali ni 90&amp;nbsp;dB), bee din gamsariya (din yahi 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu lahi pumi ʒibuta zuɣu ka ŋa nye: Wumbu yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, Tibili puuni yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, bee kpuribu din gabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamani Kpuribu shɛhiranima pirigili nyƐla din ni tooi tahi ka gu anduniya yaangi zuɣu niri ni dɔli alaafee zali kpana.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Zali kpana kaman immunization, zaŋa ni alaafee zaŋ jandi puu bee vuri tahibu bee n niŋdi kantiŋ ka chɛri vuri nti pahi ti' shɛŋa chɛbu bee kantiŋ niŋbu &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; [[World Health Organization|Anduniya yaangi zuɣu alaafee yili]] nima yuya ni bi' pɔla niŋ katiŋa ka che vuri n ti pahi kpatuhi shɛŋa din tahiri vuri na hali bɛ yɛn wum ŋa, bɛ di wum vuri maa n yaɣi awa yini biɛɣukulo kam puuni saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu yomyom vihibaŋ ni tibibu nyɛla din mali anfaani pam nti bihi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu kpatuɣa, pam buɣisibu, cochlear implants nti pahi subtitles nyɛla din mali soŋsim pam ni ban kpuri.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; nangban' piba is another useful skill some develop.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Access to hearing aids, however, is limited in many areas of the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

As of 2013 hearing loss affects about 1.1 billion people to some degree.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; It causes disability in about 466 million people (5% of the global population), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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      <id>132526</id>
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        <username>Abdul-Rauf Moshie</username>
        <id>3942</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456951|Hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx</comment>
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      <text bytes="12058" sha1="62ko2xcjbic1ypzt3osdz4tl7wdh6mw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi che bɛ  be bɛ konko saha shƐli kam bee n-kɔŋ bɛ zonima&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; 

Kpuribu nyɛla bin yɛra pam ni tooi tahi shɛli na, kamani kuriginsim, vuri pam wumbu, doro , dɔɣim yɛlimuɣisira, tibili daŋsi nti pahi tima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Binshɛɣu din tooi tahiri kpuribu na n -nye [[Otitis media|Tibili dɔriti din yuui]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Dɔri' shɛŋa din yɔli n-ti paɣa puunima kamani cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] bee rubella, nyɛla din ni tooi tahi kpuribu na bia maa ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu vihi m-baŋ dɔlila di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ zaɣim tiba maa ka niri ku tooi wum kumsim din zaɣimbu nye 25 decibels hali di nye tib' yini puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu zaɣimbu nyɛla baŋdiba ni sahi nti shɛli ni di niŋ nti bilɛɣu kam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din pubupubu nye tuuli; din bala (25 hali ni 40 dB), din paya (41 hali ni 55&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm bela (56 hali ni 70&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm pam(71 hali ni 90&amp;nbsp;dB), bee din gamsariya (din yahi 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu lahi pumi ʒibuta zuɣu ka ŋa nye: Wumbu yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, Tibili puuni yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, bee kpuribu din gabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamani Kpuribu shɛhiranima pirigili nyƐla din ni tooi tahi ka gu anduniya yaangi zuɣu niri ni dɔli alaafee zali kpana.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Zali kpana kaman immunization, zaŋa ni alaafee zaŋ jandi puu bee vuri tahibu bee n niŋdi kantiŋ ka chɛri vuri nti pahi ti' shɛŋa chɛbu bee kantiŋ niŋbu &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; [[World Health Organization|Anduniya yaangi zuɣu alaafee yili]] nima yuya ni bi' pɔla niŋ katiŋa ka che vuri n ti pahi kpatuhi shɛŋa din tahiri vuri na hali bɛ yɛn wum ŋa, bɛ di wum vuri maa n yaɣi awa yini biɛɣukulo kam puuni saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu yomyom vihibaŋ ni tibibu nyɛla din mali anfaani pam nti bihi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu kpatuɣa, pam buɣisibu, cochlear implants nti pahi subtitles nyɛla din mali soŋsim pam ni ban kpuri.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Nangban' piba karimbu nyɛla baŋsim shɛli din gba ni tooi n-sɔŋ zaŋ kpa kpuribu polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Access to hearing aids, however, is limited in many areas of the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

As of 2013 hearing loss affects about 1.1 billion people to some degree.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; It causes disability in about 466 million people (5% of the global population), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456951|Hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx</comment>
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      <text bytes="12073" sha1="5pvxyt94uge894xvgyklwpr1lql391d" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi che bɛ  be bɛ konko saha shƐli kam bee n-kɔŋ bɛ zonima&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; 

Kpuribu nyɛla bin yɛra pam ni tooi tahi shɛli na, kamani kuriginsim, vuri pam wumbu, doro , dɔɣim yɛlimuɣisira, tibili daŋsi nti pahi tima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Binshɛɣu din tooi tahiri kpuribu na n -nye [[Otitis media|Tibili dɔriti din yuui]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Dɔri' shɛŋa din yɔli n-ti paɣa puunima kamani cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] bee rubella, nyɛla din ni tooi tahi kpuribu na bia maa ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu vihi m-baŋ dɔlila di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ zaɣim tiba maa ka niri ku tooi wum kumsim din zaɣimbu nye 25 decibels hali di nye tib' yini puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu zaɣimbu nyɛla baŋdiba ni sahi nti shɛli ni di niŋ nti bilɛɣu kam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din pubupubu nye tuuli; din bala (25 hali ni 40 dB), din paya (41 hali ni 55&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm bela (56 hali ni 70&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm pam(71 hali ni 90&amp;nbsp;dB), bee din gamsariya (din yahi 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu lahi pumi ʒibuta zuɣu ka ŋa nye: Wumbu yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, Tibili puuni yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, bee kpuribu din gabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamani Kpuribu shɛhiranima pirigili nyƐla din ni tooi tahi ka gu anduniya yaangi zuɣu niri ni dɔli alaafee zali kpana.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Zali kpana kaman immunization, zaŋa ni alaafee zaŋ jandi puu bee vuri tahibu bee n niŋdi kantiŋ ka chɛri vuri nti pahi ti' shɛŋa chɛbu bee kantiŋ niŋbu &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; [[World Health Organization|Anduniya yaangi zuɣu alaafee yili]] nima yuya ni bi' pɔla niŋ katiŋa ka che vuri n ti pahi kpatuhi shɛŋa din tahiri vuri na hali bɛ yɛn wum ŋa, bɛ di wum vuri maa n yaɣi awa yini biɛɣukulo kam puuni saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu yomyom vihibaŋ ni tibibu nyɛla din mali anfaani pam nti bihi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu kpatuɣa, pam buɣisibu, cochlear implants nti pahi subtitles nyɛla din mali soŋsim pam ni ban kpuri.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Nangban' piba karimbu nyɛla baŋsim shɛli din gba ni tooi n-sɔŋ zaŋ kpa kpuribu polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Tor amaa, wumbu kpatuɣa ŋa nyƐla din bɛ yɔli pam yaƔa pam anduniya yaangi zuɣu.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

As of 2013 hearing loss affects about 1.1 billion people to some degree.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; It causes disability in about 466 million people (5% of the global population), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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        <id>3942</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456951|Hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx</comment>
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      <text bytes="12113" sha1="al43jkhzumly3hzjxqlf26p9hvy41rh" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi che bɛ  be bɛ konko saha shƐli kam bee n-kɔŋ bɛ zonima&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; 

Kpuribu nyɛla bin yɛra pam ni tooi tahi shɛli na, kamani kuriginsim, vuri pam wumbu, doro , dɔɣim yɛlimuɣisira, tibili daŋsi nti pahi tima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Binshɛɣu din tooi tahiri kpuribu na n -nye [[Otitis media|Tibili dɔriti din yuui]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Dɔri' shɛŋa din yɔli n-ti paɣa puunima kamani cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] bee rubella, nyɛla din ni tooi tahi kpuribu na bia maa ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu vihi m-baŋ dɔlila di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ zaɣim tiba maa ka niri ku tooi wum kumsim din zaɣimbu nye 25 decibels hali di nye tib' yini puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu zaɣimbu nyɛla baŋdiba ni sahi nti shɛli ni di niŋ nti bilɛɣu kam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din pubupubu nye tuuli; din bala (25 hali ni 40 dB), din paya (41 hali ni 55&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm bela (56 hali ni 70&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm pam(71 hali ni 90&amp;nbsp;dB), bee din gamsariya (din yahi 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu lahi pumi ʒibuta zuɣu ka ŋa nye: Wumbu yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, Tibili puuni yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, bee kpuribu din gabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamani Kpuribu shɛhiranima pirigili nyƐla din ni tooi tahi ka gu anduniya yaangi zuɣu niri ni dɔli alaafee zali kpana.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Zali kpana kaman immunization, zaŋa ni alaafee zaŋ jandi puu bee vuri tahibu bee n niŋdi kantiŋ ka chɛri vuri nti pahi ti' shɛŋa chɛbu bee kantiŋ niŋbu &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; [[World Health Organization|Anduniya yaangi zuɣu alaafee yili]] nima yuya ni bi' pɔla niŋ katiŋa ka che vuri n ti pahi kpatuhi shɛŋa din tahiri vuri na hali bɛ yɛn wum ŋa, bɛ di wum vuri maa n yaɣi awa yini biɛɣukulo kam puuni saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu yomyom vihibaŋ ni tibibu nyɛla din mali anfaani pam nti bihi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu kpatuɣa, pam buɣisibu, cochlear implants nti pahi subtitles nyɛla din mali soŋsim pam ni ban kpuri.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Nangban' piba karimbu nyɛla baŋsim shɛli din gba ni tooi n-sɔŋ zaŋ kpa kpuribu polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Tor amaa, wumbu kpatuɣa ŋa nyƐla din bɛ yɔli pam yaƔa pam anduniya yaangi zuɣu.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

Yuuni 2013 hali ni zuŋɔ, salo ban kalinli yiɣisi 1.1 billion nyɛla ban kpuri be m mali wumbu yɛlimuɣisira.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; It causes disability in about 466 million people (5% of the global population), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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      <id>132529</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Abdul-Rauf Moshie</username>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456951|Hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx</comment>
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      <text bytes="12180" sha1="qbzj5g6o3iaoffkzfpqwydal4cub0zk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi che bɛ  be bɛ konko saha shƐli kam bee n-kɔŋ bɛ zonima&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; 

Kpuribu nyɛla bin yɛra pam ni tooi tahi shɛli na, kamani kuriginsim, vuri pam wumbu, doro , dɔɣim yɛlimuɣisira, tibili daŋsi nti pahi tima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Binshɛɣu din tooi tahiri kpuribu na n -nye [[Otitis media|Tibili dɔriti din yuui]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Dɔri' shɛŋa din yɔli n-ti paɣa puunima kamani cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] bee rubella, nyɛla din ni tooi tahi kpuribu na bia maa ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu vihi m-baŋ dɔlila di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ zaɣim tiba maa ka niri ku tooi wum kumsim din zaɣimbu nye 25 decibels hali di nye tib' yini puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu zaɣimbu nyɛla baŋdiba ni sahi nti shɛli ni di niŋ nti bilɛɣu kam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din pubupubu nye tuuli; din bala (25 hali ni 40 dB), din paya (41 hali ni 55&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm bela (56 hali ni 70&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm pam(71 hali ni 90&amp;nbsp;dB), bee din gamsariya (din yahi 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu lahi pumi ʒibuta zuɣu ka ŋa nye: Wumbu yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, Tibili puuni yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, bee kpuribu din gabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamani Kpuribu shɛhiranima pirigili nyƐla din ni tooi tahi ka gu anduniya yaangi zuɣu niri ni dɔli alaafee zali kpana.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Zali kpana kaman immunization, zaŋa ni alaafee zaŋ jandi puu bee vuri tahibu bee n niŋdi kantiŋ ka chɛri vuri nti pahi ti' shɛŋa chɛbu bee kantiŋ niŋbu &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; [[World Health Organization|Anduniya yaangi zuɣu alaafee yili]] nima yuya ni bi' pɔla niŋ katiŋa ka che vuri n ti pahi kpatuhi shɛŋa din tahiri vuri na hali bɛ yɛn wum ŋa, bɛ di wum vuri maa n yaɣi awa yini biɛɣukulo kam puuni saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu yomyom vihibaŋ ni tibibu nyɛla din mali anfaani pam nti bihi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu kpatuɣa, pam buɣisibu, cochlear implants nti pahi subtitles nyɛla din mali soŋsim pam ni ban kpuri.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Nangban' piba karimbu nyɛla baŋsim shɛli din gba ni tooi n-sɔŋ zaŋ kpa kpuribu polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Tor amaa, wumbu kpatuɣa ŋa nyƐla din bɛ yɔli pam yaƔa pam anduniya yaangi zuɣu.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

Yuuni 2013 hali ni zuŋɔ, salo ban kalinli yiɣisi 1.1 billion nyɛla ban kpuri be m mali wumbu yɛlimuɣisira.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Din nyɛla din dalindi salo ban kalinli yiɣisi salo 466 million (kɔbgu puuni vaabu anu m -bala salo ban be anduniya yaangi zuɣu kalinli puuni), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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    <revision>
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        <username>Abdul-Rauf Moshie</username>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456951|Hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx</comment>
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      <text bytes="12233" sha1="52nbk39j235gcqs8riycvsb9tdgzbrs" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi che bɛ  be bɛ konko saha shƐli kam bee n-kɔŋ bɛ zonima&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; 

Kpuribu nyɛla bin yɛra pam ni tooi tahi shɛli na, kamani kuriginsim, vuri pam wumbu, doro , dɔɣim yɛlimuɣisira, tibili daŋsi nti pahi tima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Binshɛɣu din tooi tahiri kpuribu na n -nye [[Otitis media|Tibili dɔriti din yuui]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Dɔri' shɛŋa din yɔli n-ti paɣa puunima kamani cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] bee rubella, nyɛla din ni tooi tahi kpuribu na bia maa ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu vihi m-baŋ dɔlila di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ zaɣim tiba maa ka niri ku tooi wum kumsim din zaɣimbu nye 25 decibels hali di nye tib' yini puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu zaɣimbu nyɛla baŋdiba ni sahi nti shɛli ni di niŋ nti bilɛɣu kam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din pubupubu nye tuuli; din bala (25 hali ni 40 dB), din paya (41 hali ni 55&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm bela (56 hali ni 70&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm pam(71 hali ni 90&amp;nbsp;dB), bee din gamsariya (din yahi 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu lahi pumi ʒibuta zuɣu ka ŋa nye: Wumbu yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, Tibili puuni yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, bee kpuribu din gabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamani Kpuribu shɛhiranima pirigili nyƐla din ni tooi tahi ka gu anduniya yaangi zuɣu niri ni dɔli alaafee zali kpana.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Zali kpana kaman immunization, zaŋa ni alaafee zaŋ jandi puu bee vuri tahibu bee n niŋdi kantiŋ ka chɛri vuri nti pahi ti' shɛŋa chɛbu bee kantiŋ niŋbu &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; [[World Health Organization|Anduniya yaangi zuɣu alaafee yili]] nima yuya ni bi' pɔla niŋ katiŋa ka che vuri n ti pahi kpatuhi shɛŋa din tahiri vuri na hali bɛ yɛn wum ŋa, bɛ di wum vuri maa n yaɣi awa yini biɛɣukulo kam puuni saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu yomyom vihibaŋ ni tibibu nyɛla din mali anfaani pam nti bihi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu kpatuɣa, pam buɣisibu, cochlear implants nti pahi subtitles nyɛla din mali soŋsim pam ni ban kpuri.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Nangban' piba karimbu nyɛla baŋsim shɛli din gba ni tooi n-sɔŋ zaŋ kpa kpuribu polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Tor amaa, wumbu kpatuɣa ŋa nyƐla din bɛ yɔli pam yaƔa pam anduniya yaangi zuɣu.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

Yuuni 2013 hali ni zuŋɔ, salo ban kalinli yiɣisi 1.1 billion nyɛla ban kpuri be m mali wumbu yɛlimuɣisira.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Din nyɛla din dalindi salo ban kalinli yiɣisi salo 466 million (kɔbgu puuni vaabu anu m -bala salo ban be anduniya yaangi zuɣu kalinli puuni), ka kpuribu din bƐ kpɛm pamm mini din kpɛm pam gba nyɛla din dalindi salo ban kalinli yiɣisi 124 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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      <text bytes="12277" sha1="klzf6mexrw5nbchq5w1vh1cl4osx8x6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi che bɛ  be bɛ konko saha shƐli kam bee n-kɔŋ bɛ zonima&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; 

Kpuribu nyɛla bin yɛra pam ni tooi tahi shɛli na, kamani kuriginsim, vuri pam wumbu, doro , dɔɣim yɛlimuɣisira, tibili daŋsi nti pahi tima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Binshɛɣu din tooi tahiri kpuribu na n -nye [[Otitis media|Tibili dɔriti din yuui]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Dɔri' shɛŋa din yɔli n-ti paɣa puunima kamani cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] bee rubella, nyɛla din ni tooi tahi kpuribu na bia maa ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu vihi m-baŋ dɔlila di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ zaɣim tiba maa ka niri ku tooi wum kumsim din zaɣimbu nye 25 decibels hali di nye tib' yini puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu zaɣimbu nyɛla baŋdiba ni sahi nti shɛli ni di niŋ nti bilɛɣu kam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din pubupubu nye tuuli; din bala (25 hali ni 40 dB), din paya (41 hali ni 55&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm bela (56 hali ni 70&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm pam(71 hali ni 90&amp;nbsp;dB), bee din gamsariya (din yahi 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu lahi pumi ʒibuta zuɣu ka ŋa nye: Wumbu yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, Tibili puuni yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, bee kpuribu din gabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamani Kpuribu shɛhiranima pirigili nyƐla din ni tooi tahi ka gu anduniya yaangi zuɣu niri ni dɔli alaafee zali kpana.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Zali kpana kaman immunization, zaŋa ni alaafee zaŋ jandi puu bee vuri tahibu bee n niŋdi kantiŋ ka chɛri vuri nti pahi ti' shɛŋa chɛbu bee kantiŋ niŋbu &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; [[World Health Organization|Anduniya yaangi zuɣu alaafee yili]] nima yuya ni bi' pɔla niŋ katiŋa ka che vuri n ti pahi kpatuhi shɛŋa din tahiri vuri na hali bɛ yɛn wum ŋa, bɛ di wum vuri maa n yaɣi awa yini biɛɣukulo kam puuni saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu yomyom vihibaŋ ni tibibu nyɛla din mali anfaani pam nti bihi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu kpatuɣa, pam buɣisibu, cochlear implants nti pahi subtitles nyɛla din mali soŋsim pam ni ban kpuri.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Nangban' piba karimbu nyɛla baŋsim shɛli din gba ni tooi n-sɔŋ zaŋ kpa kpuribu polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Tor amaa, wumbu kpatuɣa ŋa nyƐla din bɛ yɔli pam yaƔa pam anduniya yaangi zuɣu.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

Yuuni 2013 hali ni zuŋɔ, salo ban kalinli yiɣisi 1.1 billion nyɛla ban kpuri be m mali wumbu yɛlimuɣisira.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Din nyɛla din dalindi salo ban kalinli yiɣisi salo 466 million (kɔbgu puuni vaabu anu m -bala salo ban be anduniya yaangi zuɣu kalinli puuni), ka kpuribu din bɛ kpɛm pamm mini din kpɛm pam gba nyɛla din dalindi salo ban kalinli yiɣisi 124 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayi liɣi ban kpuribu lu din bɛ kpɛm pam mini din kpɛm pam puuni, bƐ kalinili din yiɣisi nyƐla ban be tingbana din na bɛ lɛbigi pam.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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      <text bytes="12286" sha1="n5c44w45bqomjrmusqs0qpermuvt1yn" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi che bɛ  be bɛ konko saha shƐli kam bee n-kɔŋ bɛ zonima&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; 

Kpuribu nyɛla bin yɛra pam ni tooi tahi shɛli na, kamani kuriginsim, vuri pam wumbu, doro , dɔɣim yɛlimuɣisira, tibili daŋsi nti pahi tima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Binshɛɣu din tooi tahiri kpuribu na n -nye [[Otitis media|Tibili dɔriti din yuui]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Dɔri' shɛŋa din yɔli n-ti paɣa puunima kamani cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] bee rubella, nyɛla din ni tooi tahi kpuribu na bia maa ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu vihi m-baŋ dɔlila di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ zaɣim tiba maa ka niri ku tooi wum kumsim din zaɣimbu nye 25 decibels hali di nye tib' yini puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu zaɣimbu nyɛla baŋdiba ni sahi nti shɛli ni di niŋ nti bilɛɣu kam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din pubupubu nye tuuli; din bala (25 hali ni 40 dB), din paya (41 hali ni 55&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm bela (56 hali ni 70&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm pam(71 hali ni 90&amp;nbsp;dB), bee din gamsariya (din yahi 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu lahi pumi ʒibuta zuɣu ka ŋa nye: Wumbu yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, Tibili puuni yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, bee kpuribu din gabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamani Kpuribu shɛhiranima pirigili nyƐla din ni tooi tahi ka gu anduniya yaangi zuɣu niri ni dɔli alaafee zali kpana.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Zali kpana kaman immunization, zaŋa ni alaafee zaŋ jandi puu bee vuri tahibu bee n niŋdi kantiŋ ka chɛri vuri nti pahi ti' shɛŋa chɛbu bee kantiŋ niŋbu &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; [[World Health Organization|Anduniya yaangi zuɣu alaafee yili]] nima yuya ni bi' pɔla niŋ katiŋa ka che vuri n ti pahi kpatuhi shɛŋa din tahiri vuri na hali bɛ yɛn wum ŋa, bɛ di wum vuri maa n yaɣi awa yini biɛɣukulo kam puuni saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu yomyom vihibaŋ ni tibibu nyɛla din mali anfaani pam nti bihi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu kpatuɣa, pam buɣisibu, cochlear implants nti pahi subtitles nyɛla din mali soŋsim pam ni ban kpuri.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Nangban' piba karimbu nyɛla baŋsim shɛli din gba ni tooi n-sɔŋ zaŋ kpa kpuribu polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Tor amaa, wumbu kpatuɣa ŋa nyƐla din bɛ yɔli pam yaƔa pam anduniya yaangi zuɣu.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

Yuuni 2013 hali ni zuŋɔ, salo ban kalinli yiɣisi 1.1 billion nyɛla ban kpuri be m mali wumbu yɛlimuɣisira.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Din nyɛla din dalindi salo ban kalinli yiɣisi salo 466 million (kɔbgu puuni vaabu anu m -bala salo ban be anduniya yaangi zuɣu kalinli puuni), ka kpuribu din bɛ kpɛm pamm mini din kpɛm pam gba nyɛla din dalindi salo ban kalinli yiɣisi 124 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayi liɣi ban kpuribu lu din bɛ kpɛm pam mini din kpɛm pam puuni, bƐ kalinili din yiɣisi nyƐla ban be tingbana din na bɛ lɛbigi pam.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Salo ban kalinli yiɣisi 65 million kpuribu nyɛla din pili tuum bɛ bilim ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>132533</id>
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      <text bytes="12306" sha1="a698n6q77oc9dh84yulaec1ijovcgro" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi che bɛ  be bɛ konko saha shƐli kam bee n-kɔŋ bɛ zonima&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; 

Kpuribu nyɛla bin yɛra pam ni tooi tahi shɛli na, kamani kuriginsim, vuri pam wumbu, doro , dɔɣim yɛlimuɣisira, tibili daŋsi nti pahi tima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Binshɛɣu din tooi tahiri kpuribu na n -nye [[Otitis media|Tibili dɔriti din yuui]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Dɔri' shɛŋa din yɔli n-ti paɣa puunima kamani cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] bee rubella, nyɛla din ni tooi tahi kpuribu na bia maa ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu vihi m-baŋ dɔlila di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ zaɣim tiba maa ka niri ku tooi wum kumsim din zaɣimbu nye 25 decibels hali di nye tib' yini puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu zaɣimbu nyɛla baŋdiba ni sahi nti shɛli ni di niŋ nti bilɛɣu kam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din pubupubu nye tuuli; din bala (25 hali ni 40 dB), din paya (41 hali ni 55&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm bela (56 hali ni 70&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm pam(71 hali ni 90&amp;nbsp;dB), bee din gamsariya (din yahi 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu lahi pumi ʒibuta zuɣu ka ŋa nye: Wumbu yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, Tibili puuni yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, bee kpuribu din gabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamani Kpuribu shɛhiranima pirigili nyƐla din ni tooi tahi ka gu anduniya yaangi zuɣu niri ni dɔli alaafee zali kpana.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Zali kpana kaman immunization, zaŋa ni alaafee zaŋ jandi puu bee vuri tahibu bee n niŋdi kantiŋ ka chɛri vuri nti pahi ti' shɛŋa chɛbu bee kantiŋ niŋbu &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; [[World Health Organization|Anduniya yaangi zuɣu alaafee yili]] nima yuya ni bi' pɔla niŋ katiŋa ka che vuri n ti pahi kpatuhi shɛŋa din tahiri vuri na hali bɛ yɛn wum ŋa, bɛ di wum vuri maa n yaɣi awa yini biɛɣukulo kam puuni saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu yomyom vihibaŋ ni tibibu nyɛla din mali anfaani pam nti bihi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu kpatuɣa, pam buɣisibu, cochlear implants nti pahi subtitles nyɛla din mali soŋsim pam ni ban kpuri.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Nangban' piba karimbu nyɛla baŋsim shɛli din gba ni tooi n-sɔŋ zaŋ kpa kpuribu polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Tor amaa, wumbu kpatuɣa ŋa nyƐla din bɛ yɔli pam yaƔa pam anduniya yaangi zuɣu.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

Yuuni 2013 hali ni zuŋɔ, salo ban kalinli yiɣisi 1.1 billion nyɛla ban kpuri be m mali wumbu yɛlimuɣisira.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Din nyɛla din dalindi salo ban kalinli yiɣisi salo 466 million (kɔbgu puuni vaabu anu m -bala salo ban be anduniya yaangi zuɣu kalinli puuni), ka kpuribu din bɛ kpɛm pamm mini din kpɛm pam gba nyɛla din dalindi salo ban kalinli yiɣisi 124 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayi liɣi ban kpuribu lu din bɛ kpɛm pam mini din kpɛm pam puuni, bƐ kalinili din yiɣisi nyƐla ban be tingbana din na bɛ lɛbigi pam.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Salo ban kalinli yiɣisi 65 million kpuribu nyɛla din pili tuum bɛ bilim ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ban mali buƔisibu bee n be ban kpuri ʒii puuni nyƐla ban nye bɛ maŋa ka bɛ kpuribu maa nyɛla din che ka bɛ yi bɛ ko amaa pa ni doro.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>a698n6q77oc9dh84yulaec1ijovcgro</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>132534</id>
      <parentid>132533</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-10T18:06:49Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="12344" sha1="dlsngey1f3y49lr0k8hu4i9d5y7asqs" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi che bɛ  be bɛ konko saha shƐli kam bee n-kɔŋ bɛ zonima&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; 

Kpuribu nyɛla bin yɛra pam ni tooi tahi shɛli na, kamani kuriginsim, vuri pam wumbu, doro , dɔɣim yɛlimuɣisira, tibili daŋsi nti pahi tima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Binshɛɣu din tooi tahiri kpuribu na n -nye [[Otitis media|Tibili dɔriti din yuui]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Dɔri' shɛŋa din yɔli n-ti paɣa puunima kamani cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] bee rubella, nyɛla din ni tooi tahi kpuribu na bia maa ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu vihi m-baŋ dɔlila di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ zaɣim tiba maa ka niri ku tooi wum kumsim din zaɣimbu nye 25 decibels hali di nye tib' yini puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu zaɣimbu nyɛla baŋdiba ni sahi nti shɛli ni di niŋ nti bilɛɣu kam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din pubupubu nye tuuli; din bala (25 hali ni 40 dB), din paya (41 hali ni 55&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm bela (56 hali ni 70&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm pam(71 hali ni 90&amp;nbsp;dB), bee din gamsariya (din yahi 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu lahi pumi ʒibuta zuɣu ka ŋa nye: Wumbu yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, Tibili puuni yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, bee kpuribu din gabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamani Kpuribu shɛhiranima pirigili nyƐla din ni tooi tahi ka gu anduniya yaangi zuɣu niri ni dɔli alaafee zali kpana.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Zali kpana kaman immunization, zaŋa ni alaafee zaŋ jandi puu bee vuri tahibu bee n niŋdi kantiŋ ka chɛri vuri nti pahi ti' shɛŋa chɛbu bee kantiŋ niŋbu &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; [[World Health Organization|Anduniya yaangi zuɣu alaafee yili]] nima yuya ni bi' pɔla niŋ katiŋa ka che vuri n ti pahi kpatuhi shɛŋa din tahiri vuri na hali bɛ yɛn wum ŋa, bɛ di wum vuri maa n yaɣi awa yini biɛɣukulo kam puuni saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu yomyom vihibaŋ ni tibibu nyɛla din mali anfaani pam nti bihi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu kpatuɣa, pam buɣisibu, cochlear implants nti pahi subtitles nyɛla din mali soŋsim pam ni ban kpuri.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Nangban' piba karimbu nyɛla baŋsim shɛli din gba ni tooi n-sɔŋ zaŋ kpa kpuribu polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Tor amaa, wumbu kpatuɣa ŋa nyƐla din bɛ yɔli pam yaƔa pam anduniya yaangi zuɣu.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

Yuuni 2013 hali ni zuŋɔ, salo ban kalinli yiɣisi 1.1 billion nyɛla ban kpuri be m mali wumbu yɛlimuɣisira.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Din nyɛla din dalindi salo ban kalinli yiɣisi salo 466 million (kɔbgu puuni vaabu anu m -bala salo ban be anduniya yaangi zuɣu kalinli puuni), ka kpuribu din bɛ kpɛm pamm mini din kpɛm pam gba nyɛla din dalindi salo ban kalinli yiɣisi 124 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayi liɣi ban kpuribu lu din bɛ kpɛm pam mini din kpɛm pam puuni, bƐ kalinili din yiɣisi nyƐla ban be tingbana din na bɛ lɛbigi pam.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Salo ban kalinli yiɣisi 65 million kpuribu nyɛla din pili tuum bɛ bilim ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ban mali buƔisibu bee n be ban kpuri ʒii puuni nyƐla ban nye bɛ maŋa ka bɛ kpuribu maa nyɛla din che ka bɛ yi bɛ ko amaa pa ni doro.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Ban kpuri ka be kpuri ʒii puuni pam nyɛla ban tooi zooi ka bɛ bi sahiri n-tiri kpuribu maa tibbu&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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      <text bytes="12357" sha1="pmqoxrp45faep1mznnnutduofbh74je" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi che bɛ  be bɛ konko saha shƐli kam bee n-kɔŋ bɛ zonima&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; 

Kpuribu nyɛla bin yɛra pam ni tooi tahi shɛli na, kamani kuriginsim, vuri pam wumbu, doro , dɔɣim yɛlimuɣisira, tibili daŋsi nti pahi tima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Binshɛɣu din tooi tahiri kpuribu na n -nye [[Otitis media|Tibili dɔriti din yuui]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Dɔri' shɛŋa din yɔli n-ti paɣa puunima kamani cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] bee rubella, nyɛla din ni tooi tahi kpuribu na bia maa ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu vihi m-baŋ dɔlila di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ zaɣim tiba maa ka niri ku tooi wum kumsim din zaɣimbu nye 25 decibels hali di nye tib' yini puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu zaɣimbu nyɛla baŋdiba ni sahi nti shɛli ni di niŋ nti bilɛɣu kam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din pubupubu nye tuuli; din bala (25 hali ni 40 dB), din paya (41 hali ni 55&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm bela (56 hali ni 70&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm pam(71 hali ni 90&amp;nbsp;dB), bee din gamsariya (din yahi 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu lahi pumi ʒibuta zuɣu ka ŋa nye: Wumbu yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, Tibili puuni yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, bee kpuribu din gabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamani Kpuribu shɛhiranima pirigili nyƐla din ni tooi tahi ka gu anduniya yaangi zuɣu niri ni dɔli alaafee zali kpana.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Zali kpana kaman immunization, zaŋa ni alaafee zaŋ jandi puu bee vuri tahibu bee n niŋdi kantiŋ ka chɛri vuri nti pahi ti' shɛŋa chɛbu bee kantiŋ niŋbu &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; [[World Health Organization|Anduniya yaangi zuɣu alaafee yili]] nima yuya ni bi' pɔla niŋ katiŋa ka che vuri n ti pahi kpatuhi shɛŋa din tahiri vuri na hali bɛ yɛn wum ŋa, bɛ di wum vuri maa n yaɣi awa yini biɛɣukulo kam puuni saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu yomyom vihibaŋ ni tibibu nyɛla din mali anfaani pam nti bihi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu kpatuɣa, pam buɣisibu, cochlear implants nti pahi subtitles nyɛla din mali soŋsim pam ni ban kpuri.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Nangban' piba karimbu nyɛla baŋsim shɛli din gba ni tooi n-sɔŋ zaŋ kpa kpuribu polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Tor amaa, wumbu kpatuɣa ŋa nyƐla din bɛ yɔli pam yaƔa pam anduniya yaangi zuɣu.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

Yuuni 2013 hali ni zuŋɔ, salo ban kalinli yiɣisi 1.1 billion nyɛla ban kpuri be m mali wumbu yɛlimuɣisira.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Din nyɛla din dalindi salo ban kalinli yiɣisi salo 466 million (kɔbgu puuni vaabu anu m -bala salo ban be anduniya yaangi zuɣu kalinli puuni), ka kpuribu din bɛ kpɛm pamm mini din kpɛm pam gba nyɛla din dalindi salo ban kalinli yiɣisi 124 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayi liɣi ban kpuribu lu din bɛ kpɛm pam mini din kpɛm pam puuni, bƐ kalinili din yiɣisi nyƐla ban be tingbana din na bɛ lɛbigi pam.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Salo ban kalinli yiɣisi 65 million kpuribu nyɛla din pili tuum bɛ bilim ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ban mali buƔisibu bee n be ban kpuri ʒii puuni nyƐla ban nye bɛ maŋa ka bɛ kpuribu maa nyɛla din che ka bɛ yi bɛ ko amaa pa ni doro.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Ban kpuri ka be kpuri ʒii puuni pam nyɛla ban tooi zooi ka bɛ bi sahiri n-tiri kpuribu maa tibbu&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ŋa shɛba gba nyɛla ban gba nyari ''cochlear implants'' ka di mali muɣisigu domi din ni tooi wurim bɛ ʒii bee zuliya la zuɣu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;hearing impairment&quot; is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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      <id>132536</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-10T18:13:29Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Abdul-Rauf Moshie</username>
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      <text bytes="12407" sha1="47ggmvphy9i3dq0ia9o90qgnvpzvx8n" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
|name             =Hearing loss
|synonym          =Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|image            =Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
|image_size       =
|image_thumbtime  =
|alt              =A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
|caption          =The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
|pronounce        =
|specialty        =[[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
|symptoms         =Decreased ability to hear
|onset            =
|duration         =
|causes           =[[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|risks            =
|diagnosis        =[[Hearing tests]]
|differential     =
|prevention       =[[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|treatment        =[[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
|medication       =
|prognosis        =
|frequency        =1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|deaths           =
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi che bɛ  be bɛ konko saha shƐli kam bee n-kɔŋ bɛ zonima&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; 

Kpuribu nyɛla bin yɛra pam ni tooi tahi shɛli na, kamani kuriginsim, vuri pam wumbu, doro , dɔɣim yɛlimuɣisira, tibili daŋsi nti pahi tima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Binshɛɣu din tooi tahiri kpuribu na n -nye [[Otitis media|Tibili dɔriti din yuui]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Dɔri' shɛŋa din yɔli n-ti paɣa puunima kamani cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] bee rubella, nyɛla din ni tooi tahi kpuribu na bia maa ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu vihi m-baŋ dɔlila di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ zaɣim tiba maa ka niri ku tooi wum kumsim din zaɣimbu nye 25 decibels hali di nye tib' yini puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu zaɣimbu nyɛla baŋdiba ni sahi nti shɛli ni di niŋ nti bilɛɣu kam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din pubupubu nye tuuli; din bala (25 hali ni 40 dB), din paya (41 hali ni 55&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm bela (56 hali ni 70&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm pam(71 hali ni 90&amp;nbsp;dB), bee din gamsariya (din yahi 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu lahi pumi ʒibuta zuɣu ka ŋa nye: Wumbu yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, Tibili puuni yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, bee kpuribu din gabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamani Kpuribu shɛhiranima pirigili nyƐla din ni tooi tahi ka gu anduniya yaangi zuɣu niri ni dɔli alaafee zali kpana.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Zali kpana kaman immunization, zaŋa ni alaafee zaŋ jandi puu bee vuri tahibu bee n niŋdi kantiŋ ka chɛri vuri nti pahi ti' shɛŋa chɛbu bee kantiŋ niŋbu &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; [[World Health Organization|Anduniya yaangi zuɣu alaafee yili]] nima yuya ni bi' pɔla niŋ katiŋa ka che vuri n ti pahi kpatuhi shɛŋa din tahiri vuri na hali bɛ yɛn wum ŋa, bɛ di wum vuri maa n yaɣi awa yini biɛɣukulo kam puuni saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu yomyom vihibaŋ ni tibibu nyɛla din mali anfaani pam nti bihi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu kpatuɣa, pam buɣisibu, cochlear implants nti pahi subtitles nyɛla din mali soŋsim pam ni ban kpuri.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Nangban' piba karimbu nyɛla baŋsim shɛli din gba ni tooi n-sɔŋ zaŋ kpa kpuribu polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Tor amaa, wumbu kpatuɣa ŋa nyƐla din bɛ yɔli pam yaƔa pam anduniya yaangi zuɣu.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

Yuuni 2013 hali ni zuŋɔ, salo ban kalinli yiɣisi 1.1 billion nyɛla ban kpuri be m mali wumbu yɛlimuɣisira.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Din nyɛla din dalindi salo ban kalinli yiɣisi salo 466 million (kɔbgu puuni vaabu anu m -bala salo ban be anduniya yaangi zuɣu kalinli puuni), ka kpuribu din bɛ kpɛm pamm mini din kpɛm pam gba nyɛla din dalindi salo ban kalinli yiɣisi 124 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayi liɣi ban kpuribu lu din bɛ kpɛm pam mini din kpɛm pam puuni, bƐ kalinili din yiɣisi nyƐla ban be tingbana din na bɛ lɛbigi pam.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Salo ban kalinli yiɣisi 65 million kpuribu nyɛla din pili tuum bɛ bilim ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ban mali buƔisibu bee n be ban kpuri ʒii puuni nyƐla ban nye bɛ maŋa ka bɛ kpuribu maa nyɛla din che ka bɛ yi bɛ ko amaa pa ni doro.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Ban kpuri ka be kpuri ʒii puuni pam nyɛla ban tooi zooi ka bɛ bi sahiri n-tiri kpuribu maa tibbu&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ŋa shɛba gba nyɛla ban gba nyari ''cochlear implants'' ka di mali muɣisigu domi din ni tooi wurim bɛ ʒii bee zuliya la zuɣu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;nowiki&gt;''Kpuribu'&lt;/nowiki&gt; bachi maa nyƐla salo ni nye shɛli din bɛ viƐla domini din wuhiri nira ni ku tooi niŋ binshɛƔu la zuɣu (wumbu).&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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      <id>132537</id>
      <parentid>132536</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-10T18:14:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdul-Rauf Moshie</username>
        <id>3942</id>
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      <text bytes="12382" sha1="ejqiowr6jtm5ps9ne3fhnh6efapxyc0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
| name          = Kpuribu
| synonym       = Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness&lt;ref name=&quot;Dorlands&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| image         = Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png
| image_size    = 
| image_thumbtime = 
| alt           = A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
| caption       = The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
| pronounce     = 
| specialty     = [[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]]
| symptoms      = Decreased ability to hear
| onset         = 
| duration      = 
| causes        = [[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
| risks         = 
| diagnosis     = [[Hearing tests]]
| differential  = 
| prevention    = [[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
| treatment     = [[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]&lt;ref name=WHO2015/&gt;
| medication    = 
| prognosis     = 
| frequency     = 1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre&gt;{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| deaths        = 
}}

'''Kpuribu''', bee '''tibili kpuribu''',  nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka niri kpuri wumbu zaasa bee bela. Ninvuhiso ŋun kpuri wumbu bɛ yahi lala bee bɛ ku tooi lahi n-wum shɛli&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu ni tooi niŋ tibi yini bee dibaayi maa zaa puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Bihi puuni, wumbu yɛlimuɣisira nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ balli bɔhimbu polo yaha, zaɣa kura gba puuni, di nyɛla din ni tooi n-dam bɛ ninsali sili polo zaŋ jandi bɛ mini bɛ ʒiʒiininima n-ti pahi bɛ tuma ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din n tooi niŋ ka labi na bee ka bɛ lahi n labi na. Kpuribu din jandi yuma bee kuriginsim nyɛla din tooi niŋdi tibaayi maa puuni&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ninvuhi shɛba ni, kamani ninkura, kpuribu nyɛla din ni tooi che bɛ  be bɛ konko saha shƐli kam bee n-kɔŋ bɛ zonima&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; 

Kpuribu nyɛla bin yɛra pam ni tooi tahi shɛli na, kamani kuriginsim, vuri pam wumbu, doro , dɔɣim yɛlimuɣisira, tibili daŋsi nti pahi tima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Binshɛɣu din tooi tahiri kpuribu na n -nye [[Otitis media|Tibili dɔriti din yuui]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Dɔri' shɛŋa din yɔli n-ti paɣa puunima kamani cytomegalovirus, [[syphilis]] bee rubella, nyɛla din ni tooi tahi kpuribu na bia maa ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu vihi m-baŋ dɔlila di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ zaɣim tiba maa ka niri ku tooi wum kumsim din zaɣimbu nye 25 decibels hali di nye tib' yini puuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu zaɣimbu nyɛla baŋdiba ni sahi nti shɛli ni di niŋ nti bilɛɣu kam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Las2014&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu nyɛla din pubupubu nye tuuli; din bala (25 hali ni 40 dB), din paya (41 hali ni 55&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm bela (56 hali ni 70&amp;nbsp;dB), din kpɛm pam(71 hali ni 90&amp;nbsp;dB), bee din gamsariya (din yahi 90&amp;nbsp;dB).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Kpuribu lahi pumi ʒibuta zuɣu ka ŋa nye: Wumbu yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, Tibili puuni yɛlimuɣisira kpuribu, bee kpuribu din gabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sm2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamani Kpuribu shɛhiranima pirigili nyƐla din ni tooi tahi ka gu anduniya yaangi zuɣu niri ni dɔli alaafee zali kpana.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Zali kpana kaman immunization, zaŋa ni alaafee zaŋ jandi puu bee vuri tahibu bee n niŋdi kantiŋ ka chɛri vuri nti pahi ti' shɛŋa chɛbu bee kantiŋ niŋbu &lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; [[World Health Organization|Anduniya yaangi zuɣu alaafee yili]] nima yuya ni bi' pɔla niŋ katiŋa ka che vuri n ti pahi kpatuhi shɛŋa din tahiri vuri na hali bɛ yɛn wum ŋa, bɛ di wum vuri maa n yaɣi awa yini biɛɣukulo kam puuni saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Aud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kpuribu yomyom vihibaŋ ni tibibu nyɛla din mali anfaani pam nti bihi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Wumbu kpatuɣa, pam buɣisibu, cochlear implants nti pahi subtitles nyɛla din mali soŋsim pam ni ban kpuri.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Nangban' piba karimbu nyɛla baŋsim shɛli din gba ni tooi n-sɔŋ zaŋ kpa kpuribu polo.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Tor amaa, wumbu kpatuɣa ŋa nyƐla din bɛ yɔli pam yaƔa pam anduniya yaangi zuɣu.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

Yuuni 2013 hali ni zuŋɔ, salo ban kalinli yiɣisi 1.1 billion nyɛla ban kpuri be m mali wumbu yɛlimuɣisira.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Din nyɛla din dalindi salo ban kalinli yiɣisi salo 466 million (kɔbgu puuni vaabu anu m -bala salo ban be anduniya yaangi zuɣu kalinli puuni), ka kpuribu din bɛ kpɛm pamm mini din kpɛm pam gba nyɛla din dalindi salo ban kalinli yiɣisi 124 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayi liɣi ban kpuribu lu din bɛ kpɛm pam mini din kpɛm pam puuni, bƐ kalinili din yiɣisi nyƐla ban be tingbana din na bɛ lɛbigi pam.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Salo ban kalinli yiɣisi 65 million kpuribu nyɛla din pili tuum bɛ bilim ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peads2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&amp;pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ban mali buƔisibu bee n be ban kpuri ʒii puuni nyƐla ban nye bɛ maŋa ka bɛ kpuribu maa nyɛla din che ka bɛ yi bɛ ko amaa pa ni doro.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot; /&gt; Ban kpuri ka be kpuri ʒii puuni pam nyɛla ban tooi zooi ka bɛ bi sahiri n-tiri kpuribu maa tibbu&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Why not all deaf people want to be cured|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|access-date=2015-08-02|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/9526045/Why-not-all-deaf-people-want-to-be-cured.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|date=2012-09-13|last=Williams|first=Sally}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ŋa shɛba gba nyɛla ban gba nyari ''cochlear implants'' ka di mali muɣisigu domi din ni tooi wurim bɛ ʒii bee zuliya la zuɣu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spa2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;nowiki&gt;''Kpuribu'&lt;/nowiki&gt; bachi maa nyƐla salo ni nye shɛli din bɛ viƐla domini din wuhiri nira ni ku tooi niŋ binshɛƔu la zuɣu (wumbu).&lt;ref name=&quot;NAD2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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