Dagbani Wikipedia dagwiki https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol%C9%94%C9%A3u MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.24 first-letter Miidiya Diŋ'gahim Yɛltɔɣa Ŋun su Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa Wikipedia Wikipedia yɛltɔɣa Lahabali kɔligu Lahabali kɔligu yɛltɔɣa MiidiyaWiki MiidiyaWiki yɛltɔɣa Tɛmplet Tɛmplet yɛltɔɣa Sɔŋsim Sɔŋsim yɛltɔɣa Pubu Pubu yɛltɔɣa Salima Salima yɛltɔɣa MOS MOS yɛltɔɣa TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Pierre-Auguste Renoir 0 30132 132669 100444 2026-04-19T04:20:19Z CommonsDelinker 128 Replacing Pierre-Auguste_Renoir_020.jpg with [[File:Pierre-Auguste_Renoir_-_Diana_(1867).jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]] (meaningless or ambiguous name) · adding the 132669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|French painter and sculptor (1841–1919)}} {{Use American English|date=August 2015}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}} '''Pierre-Auguste Renoir''' ({{IPAc-en|r|ɛ|n|ˈ|w|ɑr}};<ref>[http://www.dictionary.com/browse/renoir "Renoir"]. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''.</ref> {{IPA|fr|pjɛʁ oɡyst ʁənwaʁ|lang}}; 25 February 1841 – 3 December 1919) o daa nyɛla Faransi nuuni tuunbaŋda ŋun daa nyɛ peenta-peenta. O tuma pam dalim la paɣaba peentibu<ref>Read, Herbert: ''The Meaning of Art'', page 127. Faber, 1931.</ref> O bihi n-daa nyɛ [[Pierre Renoir]] (1885–1952), shiini yaara [[Jean Renoir]] (1894–1979) ni ŋun daa maani kalonima, Claude Renoir (1901–1969). O yaaŋa n- daa nyɛ [[Claude Renoir]] (1913–1993), ŋun ba nyɛ Pierre. ==Biɛhigu== ===Bi'poli tali ni=== [[File:Renoir A Box at the Theater (At the Concert).jpg|thumb|296x296px|''A Box at the Theater (At the Concert)'', 1880, [[Clark Art Institute]], Williamstown]] Pierre-Auguste Renoir nyɛla bɛ ni daa dɔɣi so [[Limoges]], [[Haute-Vienne]], France, yuuni 1841. O ba, Léonard Renoir, daa nyɛla teela, ka yuuni 1844, Renoir's mini o daŋ daa kuli Paris ni bɛ ti bo tuum-maŋa.<ref>Renoir, Jean: ''Renoir, My Father'', pages 57–67. Collins, 1962.</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=History & Techniques of the Great Masters: Renoir|last=Jennings|first=Guy|publisher=Quantum Publishing Ltd.|year=2003|isbn=1861604696|location=London|pages=6}}</ref> [[File:Renoir, Pierre-Auguste, by Dornac, BNF Gallica.jpg|thumb|left|Pierre-Auguste Renoir, {{Circa|1910}}]] <!-- File:CathedralRouen.JPG --> ==Peentibu anfooninima == ===Portraits and landscapes=== <gallery widths="250" heights="250" perrow="4"> File:Romaine Lacaux, by Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Cleveland Museum of Art, 1942.1065.jpg|''Portrait of Romaine Lacaux'', 1864, [[Cleveland Museum of Art]] File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Spring Bouquet - 1943.277 - Fogg Museum.jpg|''Spring Bouquet'', 1866, [[Fogg Museum]], Cambridge. File:Dans la forêt de Fontainebleau 1866.jpg|''Dans la forêt de Fontainebleau'', 1866, Private Collection. File:Lise Sewing - 1866.jpg|''Lise Sewing'', 1866, [[Dallas Museum of Art]] File:Auguste Renoir - La Grenouillère - Google Art Project.jpg|''La Grenouillère'', 1868, [[Nationalmuseum]], Stockholm File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir 110.jpg|''Portrait of [[Alfred Sisley]]'', 1868, [[Foundation E. G. Bührle]], Zürich File:Auguste Renoir - En été - La bohémienne - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[In Summer (Renoir)|In Summer (En été)]]'', 1868, [[Alte Nationalgalerie]], Berlin File:Pont-Neuf (1872) - Pierre-Auguste Renoir (National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.).jpg|''Pont-Neuf'', 1872, [[National Gallery of Art]], Washington, D.C. File:La Loge de P.-A. Renoir (Fondation Vuitton, Paris) (46499625955).jpg|''[[La Loge]] (The Theatre Box)'', 1874, [[The Courtauld Institute of Art]], London File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Danseuse.jpg|''The Dancer'', 1874, [[National Gallery of Art]], Washington, D.C. File:Renoirgarden.jpg|''Woman with a Parasol in a Garden'', 1875, [[Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum]], Madrid File:Pierre August Renoir, Claude Monet Reading.jpg|''Portrait of [[Claude Monet]] reading'', c. 1875, [[Musée Marmottan Monet]], Paris, France File:Les Grands Boulevards - Renoir - 1875 - NG.jpg|''[[The Grands Boulevards]]'', 1875, [[Philadelphia Museum of Art]] File:Auguste Renoir - A Girl with a Watering Can - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[A Girl with a Watering Can]]'', 1876, [[National Gallery of Art]], Washington, D.C. File:Eugène Murer (Hyacinthe-Eugène Meunier, 1841–1906) MET DT1882.jpg|''[[Eugène Murer (Renoir)|Portrait of Eugène Murer]]'', 1876, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir - La Promenade - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Mother and Children]]'', 1876, [[Frick Collection]], New York File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir 096.jpg|''Portrait of [[Jeanne Samary]]'', 1877, [[Pushkin Museum]], Moscow File:Renoir - Madame Georges Charpentier et ses enfants.jpg|''Mme. Charpentier and her children'', 1878, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York File:Campo de trigo.jpg|''Wheatfield'', 1879, [[Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum]], Madrid File:La Yole - The Skiff - Renoir.jpg|Pierre-Auguste Renoir, ''Boating on the Seine (La Yole)'', c. 1879, [[National Gallery]], London File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir - By the Water.jpg|''By the Water'', 1880, [[Art Institute of Chicago]], Chicago, Illinois File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir, The Umbrellas, ca. 1881-86.jpg|''[[The Umbrellas (Renoir)|The Umbrellas]]'', c. 1880–1886, [[National Gallery]], London File:Renoir Девушки в черном.jpg|''[[Young Women in Black]]'', c.1880–1882, [[Pushkin Museum]], Moscow File:Renoir Mlles Cahen d Anvers.jpg|''[[Pink and Blue (Renoir)|Pink and Blue]]'' showing Alice and Elisabeth Cahen d'Anvers, 1881, [[São Paulo Museum of Art]], São Paulo File:Pierre Auguste Renoir - The Piazza San Marco, Venice - Google Art Project.jpg|''The Piazza San Marco, Venice'', 1881 [[Minneapolis Institute of Art]] File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Jeanne Henriot.jpg|''Fillette au chapeau bleu'', 1881, ([[Jane Henriot]]), private collection File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir 107.jpg|''Portrait of Charles and Georges [[Durand-Ruel]]'', 1882 File:Dance-At-Bougival.jpg|''[[Dance at Bougival]]'', 1882–1883, (woman at left is painter [[Suzanne Valadon]]), [[Museum of Fine Arts, Boston|Boston Museum of Fine Arts]] File:Pierre Auguste Renoir - Country Dance - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Dance in the Country]]'' (''Aline Charigot and Paul Lhote''), 1883, [[Musée d'Orsay]], Paris File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir 019.jpg|''[[Dance in the City]]'', 1883, [[Musée d'Orsay]], Paris File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Children on the Seashore, Guernsey (Enfants au bord de la mer à Guernesey) - BF10 - Barnes Foundation.jpg|''Children at the Beach at [[Guernsey]],'' 1883, [[Barnes Foundation]], Philadelphia File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Sailor Boy (Portrait of Robert Nunès) - BF325 - Barnes Foundation.jpg|''Jeune garçon sur la plage d'Yport'', 1883, [[Barnes Foundation]], Philadelphia File:Girl with a Hoop.JPG|''Girl With a Hoop'', 1885, [[National Gallery of Art]], Washington, D.C. File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Suzanne Valadon - La Natte - Girl Braiding Her Hair.jpg|''[[The Braid|Girl Braiding Her Hair]] ([[Suzanne Valadon]])'', 1885, Langmatt Museum, Baden File:Still Life with Flowers and Prickly Pears MET DP257756.jpg|''Still Life with Flowers and Prickly Pears'', 1885, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York File:Pierre Auguste Renoir - Portrait of Mme. Paulin - Google Art Project.jpg|''Portrait of madame Paulin'', c. 1885–1890, [[Israel Museum]], Jerusalem File:Pierre Auguste Renoir - Paysage à La Roche-Guyon.jpg|''Paysage à La Roche-Guyon'', c. 1887, Pérez Simón Collection, Mexico City File:Auguste Renoir - Julie Manet - Google Art ProjectFXD.jpg|''[[Julie Manet]] with cat,'' 1887, [[Musée d'Orsay]], Paris File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Jeune fille au ruban bleu.jpg|''[[Young Woman with a Blue Choker]]'', 1888, [[Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon]] File:Two Girls Reading LACMA M.68.46.1.jpg|'' Girls Reading'', c. 1890–1891, [[LACMA]], Los Angeles File:Renoir - Jeune fille se peignant (La Toilette), 1894.jpg|''Young Girl with Red Hair'', 1894, Private Collection File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Christine Lerolle brodant.jpg|''Christine Lerolle Embroidering'', 1895, [[Columbus Museum of Art]] File:Gabrielle et Jean, by Pierre-Auguste Renoir, from C2RMF cropped.jpg|''[[Gabrielle Renard]] and infant son [[Jean Renoir]]'', 1895, [[Musée de l'Orangerie]], Paris File:Renoir - The guitar player, c. 1896.jpg|''The guitar player'', 1896, [[National Gallery of Victoria]], Melbourne File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir - The Artist's Family (La Famille de l'artiste) - BF819 - Barnes Foundation.jpg|''The Artist's Family'', 1896, The [[Barnes Foundation]], Philadelphia File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir 042.jpg|''[[Gabrielle with Open Blouse]]'', 1907, [[Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art]] File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir 106.jpg|''Portrait of [[Ambroise Vollard]]'', 1908, [[Courtauld Institute of Art]], London File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Jean en tant que Chasseur (1910).jpg|''Portrait of Jean Renoir as a Huntsman'', 1910, [[LACMA]], Los Angeles File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir 113.jpg|''Portrait of [[Paul Durand-Ruel]]'', 1910 File:The Farm at Les Collettes, Cagnes MET DT215205.jpg|''[[The Farm at Les Collettes, Cagnes]]'', c. 1908–1914, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Vera Sergine Renoir.jpg|''Portrait of Vera Sergine Renoir'', 1918, [[Botero Museum]], Bogotá </gallery> ===Self-portraits=== <gallery widths="250px" heights="250px" perrow="4"> File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Autoportrait, 1875.jpg|''[[Self-portrait]]'', 1875 File:Renoir, Pierre-Auguste - Self-portrait - Harvard Art Museums.Fogg Museum.jpg|''[[Self-portrait]]'', 1876 File:Renoir Self-Portrait 1910.jpg|''[[Self-portrait]]'', 1910 File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Autoportrait 5.JPG|''[[Self-portrait]]'', 1910 </gallery> ===Zaɣima=== <gallery widths="250px" heights="250px" perrow="4"> File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Diana (1867).jpg|''[[Diana (Renoir painting)|Diana]]'', 1867, The [[National Gallery of Art]], Washington, D.C. File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Torse, effet de soleil.jpg|''Nude in the Sun'', 1875, [[Musée d'Orsay]], Paris File:Femme Nue dans un Paysage, by Pierre-Auguste Renoir, from C2RMF cropped.jpg|''Seated Girl'', 1883 File:The river (Le Fleuve) - Renoir - 1885.jpg|''The river (Le Fleuve)'', 1885 File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir, French - The Large Bathers - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Les Grandes Baigneuses (Renoir)|The Large Bathers]]'', 1887, [[Philadelphia Museum of Art]] File:1887, Renoir, Nu Dans un Paysage.jpg|''Nude in a Landscape'', 1887, [[Princeton University Art Museum]] File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Trois Baigneuses au crabe.jpg|''Three Bathers'', 1895, Cleveland Museum of Art [[Cleveland]], Ohio File:Renoir's Nude.jpg|''[[Nude (Renoir, Belgrade, 1910)|Nude]]'', [[National Museum of Serbia]], Belgrade File:Renoir18.jpg|''[[After the Bath (Renoir)|After The Bath]]'', 1910, [[Barnes Foundation]], Philadelphia File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir 030.jpg|''Woman at the Well'', 1910 File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Baigneuse assise s'essuyant une jambe.jpg|''Seated Bather Drying Her Leg'', 1914, [[Musée de l'Orangerie]], Paris File:Bathing Women (Auguste Renoir) - Nationalmuseum - 19163.tif|''Women Bathers'', 1916, [[National Museum]], Stockholm File:Pierre Auguste Renoir Les baigneuses.jpg|''Bathers'', 1918, [[Barnes Foundation]], Philadelphia </gallery> ===Interactive image=== {{clear}} {{align|left|{{Renoir-BoatingParty-ImageMap}}}} {{clear}} ====Close-ups==== {{multiple image|align=left|caption_align=center|total_width=800 |header_align=center |header=''[[Luncheon of the Boating Party]]'' (1881) - Details of the Women |image1=Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Luncheon of the Boating Party - Google Art Project (Aline Charigot).jpg |width1=230 |height1=240 |caption1=[[Aline Charigot]] |image2=Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Luncheon of the Boating Party - Google Art Project (Angèle Legault).jpg |width2=590 |height2=651 |caption2=[[Luncheon of the Boating Party#Subjects depicted|Angèle Legault]] |image3=Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Luncheon of the Boating Party - Google Art Project (Alphonsine Fournaise).jpg |width3=400 |height3=421 |caption3=[[Maison Fournaise|Louise-Alphonsine Fournaise]] |image4=Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Luncheon of the Boating Party (Detail of Ellen Andrée).jpg |width4=344 |height4=600 |caption4=[[Ellen Andrée]] |image5=Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Luncheon of the Boating Party - Google Art Project (Jeanne Samary).jpg |width5=330 |height5=431 |caption5=[[Jeanne Samary]] <!--- |footer_align=center |footer=by Pierre-Auguste Renoir ---> }} {{multiple image|align=left|caption_align=center|total_width=800 |header_align=center |header=''[[Luncheon of the Boating Party]]'' (1881) - Details of the Men |image1=Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Luncheon of the Boating Party - Google Art Project (Alphonse Fournaise).jpg |width1=595 |height1=621 |caption1=[[Maison Fournaise|Alphonse Fournaise Jr.]] |image2=Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Luncheon of the Boating Party - Google Art Project (Pierre Lestringuèz).jpg |width2=425 |height2=446 |caption2=[[Luncheon of the Boating Party#Subjects depicted|Pierre Lestringuèz]] |image3=Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Luncheon of the Boating Party - Google Art Project (Paul Lhôte).jpg |width3=250 |height3=350 |caption3=[[Luncheon of the Boating Party#Subjects depicted|Paul Lhôte]] |image4=Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Luncheon of the Boating Party - Google Art Project (Jules Laforgue).jpg |width4=265 |height4=335 |caption4=[[Jules Laforgue]] |image5=Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Luncheon of the Boating Party - Google Art Project (Antonio Maggiolo).jpg |width5=455 |height5=646 |caption5=[[Luncheon of the Boating Party#Subjects depicted|Antonio Maggiolo]] |image6=Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Luncheon of the Boating Party - Google Art Project (Gustave Caillebotte).jpg |width6=550 |height6=656 |caption6=[[Gustave Caillebotte]] |image7=Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Luncheon of the Boating Party - Google Art Project (Charles Ephrussi).jpg |width7=285 |height7=381 |caption7=[[Charles Ephrussi]] |image8=Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Luncheon of the Boating Party - Google Art Project (Raoul Barbier).jpg |width8=420 |height8=506 |caption8=[[Luncheon of the Boating Party#Subjects depicted|Raoul Barbier]] <!--- |footer_align=center |footer=by Pierre-Auguste Renoir ---> }} {{clear}} ==Lihi pahi== *[[List of paintings by Pierre-Auguste Renoir]] ==Kundivihira== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Further reading== * {{cite book | author=Claude Roger-Marx | title=Les Lithographies de Renoir | location=Monte-Carlo | publisher=Andre Sauret | year=1952 | author-link=Claude Roger-Marx }} * {{cite book | author=Joseph G. Stella | title=The Graphic Work of Renoir: Catalogue Raisonne | location=London | publisher=Lund Humphries | year=1975}} * {{cite book | author=Jean Leymarie et Michel Melot | title=Les Gravures Des Impressionistes, Manet, Pissarro, Renoir, Cezanne, Sisley | location=Paris | publisher=Arts et Metiers Graphiques | year=1971 }} * Kang, Cindy. [http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/augu/hd_augu.htm "Auguste Renoir (1841–1919)."] In ''Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History''. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. (May 2011) * {{cite book | author=Michel Melot | title=The Impressionist Print | location=New Haven | publisher=Yale University Press | year=1996 }} * {{cite book | author=Theodore Duret | title=Renoir | location=Paris | publisher=Bernheim-Jeune | year=1924 }} * {{cite book | author=Paul Haeserts | title=Renoir Sculpteur | location=Bruxelles | publisher=Hermès | year=1947 }} ==External links== {{Commons and category|Pierre-Auguste Renoir}} {{wikiquote|Pierre-Auguste Renoir}}On 7 December 2019 the [https://Www.albertasymphony.com Alberta Symphony Orchestra] presented a [http://www.albertasymphony.com/eventexample-of-event/action~oneday/exact_date~7-12-2019/#event|tribute-to-renoir|5 Tribute to Renoir] at Triffo Theater in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, under the direction of pianist and conductor [https://www.emiliodemercato.com Emilio De Mercato], for the 100th anniversary of the death of Renoir. *{{Art UK bio}} * {{Internet Archive author |sname=Pierre-Auguste Renoir}} *[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/18/arts/design/18renoir.html?_r=1 Avant-Gardist in Retreat, Holland Cotter, ''The New York Times'', 17 June 2010] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/78705/rec/222 ''Impressionism: a centenary exhibition''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Renoir (p.&nbsp;179–200) * [https://publications.artic.edu/renoir/reader/paintingsanddrawings/section/138973 ''Renoir works at the Art Institute of Chicago''], a digital catalogue *{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Renoir, Firmin Auguste |short=x}} * {{FrenchSculptureCensus}} * {{YouTube|Qo886LaxmD0|Renoir, ''La Promenade''}}, (1:49) [[Frick Collection]] * {{YouTube|4AgiBlkavqU|''Renoir, Impressionism, and Full-Length Painting,' An Introduction to the Exhibition''}}, (6:14) [[Frick Collection]] {{Impressionists}} {{Pierre-Auguste Renoir|state=expanded}} {{Jean Renoir}} {{Authority control (arts)}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Renoir, Pierre-Auguste}} [[Category:Pierre-Auguste Renoir| ]] [[Category:1841 births]] [[Category:1919 deaths]] [[Category:People from Limoges]] [[Category:French portrait painters]] [[Category:French Impressionist painters]] [[Category:19th-century French painters]] [[Category:French male painters]] [[Category:20th-century French painters]] [[Category:20th-century French male artists]] [[Category:École des Beaux-Arts alumni]] [[Category:Knights of the Legion of Honour]] [[Category:Officers of the Legion of Honour]] [[Category:Commanders of the Legion of Honour]] [[Category:French people of the Franco-Prussian War]] [[Category:Members of the Ligue de la patrie française]] [[Category:People of Montmartre]] [[Category:Renoir family|Pierre-Auguste]] p8niyseson62we2licww1b4uw73c8n4 Sala 0 32619 132670 122052 2026-04-19T09:32:06Z Aliya 2018 7499 Addition 132670 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lahabali kɔligu:Charcoal.jpg|thumb]] Sala nyɛla bɛ ni mali dari n piri shɛli, ka ti mali li n maani buɣum ni duɣiri ti ni bɔri binshɛɣu kam. == Bɛ ni piri sala shɛm. == Bɛ yɛn ŋmala dari zaɣ'kara, ka peili ni sɔŋ viɛnyɛla, ka yihi voli zaɣ'bila, ka naan yi che tam n pa dari maa zaa zuɣu ka che voli maa ko, ka naan bo mɔri n zaŋ n di voli la shee ka niŋ buɣim ni niŋ dinni ka di taai ni gbaai dari maa, ka be che tam n ŋari voli maa gba ka yili dabaa ayi bee ata. bɛ yi tin baŋ ni di diya ni saɣi bɛ ni bɔrili shɛm, ka bɛ kana ni ti ni kurigimi ka niŋdi [[kom]] ni yɔɣiri li hali ni ti kurigi li naai. bɛ yi kurigi naai, ka bɛ naan yi vali ni di kpala di ni n chaŋ daa ni ti kɔhi. == Di tuma == Bɛ tooi mali li mi ni maani [[buɣim]] ni duɣira ka tamdi bɛ ni bɔri shɛli kam zaa. Bɛ lahi mali sala ni pahiri maani nyini paɣ'risi kamani perbsodent mini di taba. h7ncebbn58yf1stuc7kmlswjgvf3ep4 Kpuribu din yirina tuma ni 0 33007 132615 2026-04-18T12:02:01Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1479343|Occupational hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132615 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Occupational_hearing_loss |synonym = |image =Prevalence of Hearing Loss by Time Period and Industry Sector, 1981 - 2010 for 1,816,812 workers.png |image_size =400px |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =Rates of hearing loss in workers in various sectors in the United States by time period<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Masterson EA, Deddens JA, Themann CL, Bertke S, Calvert GM | title = Trends in worker hearing loss by industry sector, 1981-2010 | journal = American Journal of Industrial Medicine | volume = 58 | issue = 4 | pages = 392–401 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25690583 | pmc = 4557728 | doi = 10.1002/ajim.22429 }}</ref> |pronounce = |specialty =[[Occupational and Environmental Medicine]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[tinnitus|ringing in the ears]]<ref name=Kim2010/> |onset = |duration = |causes =[[Industrial noise]], exposure to chemicals, injury<ref name=CDC2023/><ref name=Kim2010/> |risks =Working in [[mining]], [[manufacturing]], [[construction]]<ref name=Them2019/> |diagnosis =[[Audiometry]]<ref name=Mir2018/> |differential = |prevention =Laws requiring lower noise levels; [[personal protective equipment]] ([[earplug]]s); replacing toxic chemicals with safer ones<ref name=Tik2017/> |treatment = |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Common<ref name=Them2013/> |deaths = }} '''Occupational hearing loss''' ('''OHL''') is [[Kpuribu|hearing loss]] that occurs as a result of work hazards.<ref name="Kim2010" /> It may be of any type, including sensorineural, conductive, or mixed.<ref name="Kim2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kim KS|title=Occupational hearing loss in Korea|language=en|journal=Journal of Korean Medical Science|volume=25|issue=Suppl|pages=S62–9|date=December 2010|pmid=21258593|pmc=3023345|doi=10.3346/jkms.2010.25.s.s62}}</ref> Severity may range from mild to profound.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Cases may be associated with [[tinnitus]] (ringing in the ears).<ref name="Kim2010" /> Long term noise exposure at levels of at least 80 to 85 decibels is the most common cause.<ref name="CDC2023" /><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref name="Them2013">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa|last2=Suter|first2=Alice|last3=Stephenson|first3=Mark|name-list-style=vanc|date=2013|title=National Research Agenda for the Prevention of Occupational Hearing Loss—Part 1|journal=Seminars in Hearing|language=en|volume=34|issue=3|pages=145–207|doi=10.1055/s-0033-1349351}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 02003L0010-20190726 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02003L0010-20190726|access-date=2023-02-03|website=eur-lex.europa.eu|language=en|archive-date=2023-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207191328/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02003L0010-20190726|url-status=live}}</ref> Other causes may include exposure to certain chemicals and injury.<ref name="CDC2023">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|title=CDC - NIOSH Topic: Occupational Hearing Loss (OHL) Surveillance|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=2016-03-28|archive-date=2020-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016212353/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Johnson AC, Morata TC|date=2010|title=Occupational exposure to chemicals and hearing impairment. The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals.|url=https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|journal=Arbete och Hälsa|volume=44|issue=4|page=177|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2020-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019223316/https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Chemicals involved may include styrene, toluene, lead, mercury, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen cyanide.<ref name="CDC2023" /> Injury may involve an explosion, sharp objects, or metal sparks perforating the eardrum.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Diagnosis is by audiometry.<ref name="Mir2018">{{Cite journal|last=Mirza|first=R|last2=Kirchner|first2=DB|last3=Dobie|first3=RA|last4=Crawford|first4=J|last5=ACOEM Task Force on Occupational Hearing|first5=Loss|title=Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.|journal=Journal of occupational and environmental medicine|date=September 2018|volume=60|issue=9|pages=e498-e501|doi=10.1097/JOM.0000000000001423|pmid=30095587}}</ref> Measures including laws that require lower noise levels; [[personal protective equipment]], such as earplugs; and replacing toxic chemicals with safer ones are effective.<ref name="Tik2017">{{Cite journal|last=Tikka|first=Christina|last2=Verbeek|first2=Jos H|last3=Kateman|first3=Erik|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C|last5=Dreschler|first5=Wouter A|last6=Ferrite|first6=Silvia|date=2017-07-07|editor-last=Cochrane Work Group|title=Interventions to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|language=en|volume=2019|issue=1|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|pmc=6353150|pmid=28685503}}</ref><ref name="NIOSH2018">{{Cite web|title=Preventing hearing loss caused by chemical (ototoxicity) and noise exposure.|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health|access-date=1 February 2023|language=en|doi=10.26616/nioshpub2018124|date=1 March 2018|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707104544/http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United States, organizations such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) work to reduce hearing hazards through a hierarchy of controls.<ref name="Them2019">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa L.|last2=Masterson|first2=Elizabeth A.|date=2019|title=Occupational noise exposure: A review of its effects, epidemiology, and impact with recommendations for reducing its burden|url=http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|journal=The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America|language=en|volume=146|issue=5|pages=3879–3905|doi=10.1121/1.5134465|pmid=31795665|bibcode=2019ASAJ..146.3879T|issn=0001-4966|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2022-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728194621/http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|url-status=live}}</ref> Occupational hearing loss is one of the most common work-related illnesses in the [[America|United States]].<ref name="Them2013" /> At least 16% of significant hearing loss in adults globally is due to occupational exposures.<ref name="Them2019" /> Among people working in the United States it represents more than half of cases.<ref name="Them2019" /> Industries with the highest levels of hearing loss include [[mining]], manufacturing, and construction.<ref name="Them2019" /> As of 2016 in the United States, 17% of those involved with mining, 16% of those involved in construction, and 14% of those involved in manufacturing had hearing problems.<ref name="Mast2016">{{Cite journal|title=Hearing Impairment Among Noise-Exposed Workers — United States, 2003–2012 {{pipe}} MMWR|journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report|volume=65|issue=15|pages=389–394|doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm6515a2|pmid=27101435|year=2016|last=Masterson|first=Elizabeth A.|last2=Bushnell|first2=P. Timothy|last3=Themann|first3=Christa L.|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C.|doi-access=free}}</ref> Industries with lower rates of problems include police, firefighters, and paramedics at 7%.<ref name="Mast2016" /> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] 0zwbagr9s72j357yp6n66hprslq3k61 132616 132615 2026-04-18T12:05:08Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1479343|Occupational hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Occupational_hearing_loss |synonym = |image =Prevalence of Hearing Loss by Time Period and Industry Sector, 1981 - 2010 for 1,816,812 workers.png |image_size =400px |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =Rates of hearing loss in workers in various sectors in the United States by time period<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Masterson EA, Deddens JA, Themann CL, Bertke S, Calvert GM | title = Trends in worker hearing loss by industry sector, 1981-2010 | journal = American Journal of Industrial Medicine | volume = 58 | issue = 4 | pages = 392–401 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25690583 | pmc = 4557728 | doi = 10.1002/ajim.22429 }}</ref> |pronounce = |specialty =[[Occupational and Environmental Medicine]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[tinnitus|ringing in the ears]]<ref name=Kim2010/> |onset = |duration = |causes =[[Industrial noise]], exposure to chemicals, injury<ref name=CDC2023/><ref name=Kim2010/> |risks =Working in [[mining]], [[manufacturing]], [[construction]]<ref name=Them2019/> |diagnosis =[[Audiometry]]<ref name=Mir2018/> |differential = |prevention =Laws requiring lower noise levels; [[personal protective equipment]] ([[earplug]]s); replacing toxic chemicals with safer ones<ref name=Tik2017/> |treatment = |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Common<ref name=Them2013/> |deaths = }}Kpuribu din yirina tuma ni Nyɛla [[Kpuribu]] niri ni yen nya o ni tuma tumbu shee chuuta nima zuɣu.<ref name="Kim2010" /> It may be of any type, including sensorineural, conductive, or mixed.<ref name="Kim2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kim KS|title=Occupational hearing loss in Korea|language=en|journal=Journal of Korean Medical Science|volume=25|issue=Suppl|pages=S62–9|date=December 2010|pmid=21258593|pmc=3023345|doi=10.3346/jkms.2010.25.s.s62}}</ref> Severity may range from mild to profound.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Cases may be associated with [[tinnitus]] (ringing in the ears).<ref name="Kim2010" /> Long term noise exposure at levels of at least 80 to 85 decibels is the most common cause.<ref name="CDC2023" /><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref name="Them2013">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa|last2=Suter|first2=Alice|last3=Stephenson|first3=Mark|name-list-style=vanc|date=2013|title=National Research Agenda for the Prevention of Occupational Hearing Loss—Part 1|journal=Seminars in Hearing|language=en|volume=34|issue=3|pages=145–207|doi=10.1055/s-0033-1349351}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 02003L0010-20190726 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02003L0010-20190726|access-date=2023-02-03|website=eur-lex.europa.eu|language=en|archive-date=2023-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207191328/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02003L0010-20190726|url-status=live}}</ref> Other causes may include exposure to certain chemicals and injury.<ref name="CDC2023">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|title=CDC - NIOSH Topic: Occupational Hearing Loss (OHL) Surveillance|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=2016-03-28|archive-date=2020-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016212353/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Johnson AC, Morata TC|date=2010|title=Occupational exposure to chemicals and hearing impairment. The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals.|url=https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|journal=Arbete och Hälsa|volume=44|issue=4|page=177|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2020-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019223316/https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Chemicals involved may include styrene, toluene, lead, mercury, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen cyanide.<ref name="CDC2023" /> Injury may involve an explosion, sharp objects, or metal sparks perforating the eardrum.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Diagnosis is by audiometry.<ref name="Mir2018">{{Cite journal|last=Mirza|first=R|last2=Kirchner|first2=DB|last3=Dobie|first3=RA|last4=Crawford|first4=J|last5=ACOEM Task Force on Occupational Hearing|first5=Loss|title=Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.|journal=Journal of occupational and environmental medicine|date=September 2018|volume=60|issue=9|pages=e498-e501|doi=10.1097/JOM.0000000000001423|pmid=30095587}}</ref> Measures including laws that require lower noise levels; [[personal protective equipment]], such as earplugs; and replacing toxic chemicals with safer ones are effective.<ref name="Tik2017">{{Cite journal|last=Tikka|first=Christina|last2=Verbeek|first2=Jos H|last3=Kateman|first3=Erik|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C|last5=Dreschler|first5=Wouter A|last6=Ferrite|first6=Silvia|date=2017-07-07|editor-last=Cochrane Work Group|title=Interventions to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|language=en|volume=2019|issue=1|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|pmc=6353150|pmid=28685503}}</ref><ref name="NIOSH2018">{{Cite web|title=Preventing hearing loss caused by chemical (ototoxicity) and noise exposure.|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health|access-date=1 February 2023|language=en|doi=10.26616/nioshpub2018124|date=1 March 2018|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707104544/http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United States, organizations such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) work to reduce hearing hazards through a hierarchy of controls.<ref name="Them2019">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa L.|last2=Masterson|first2=Elizabeth A.|date=2019|title=Occupational noise exposure: A review of its effects, epidemiology, and impact with recommendations for reducing its burden|url=http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|journal=The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America|language=en|volume=146|issue=5|pages=3879–3905|doi=10.1121/1.5134465|pmid=31795665|bibcode=2019ASAJ..146.3879T|issn=0001-4966|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2022-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728194621/http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|url-status=live}}</ref> Occupational hearing loss is one of the most common work-related illnesses in the [[America|United States]].<ref name="Them2013" /> At least 16% of significant hearing loss in adults globally is due to occupational exposures.<ref name="Them2019" /> Among people working in the United States it represents more than half of cases.<ref name="Them2019" /> Industries with the highest levels of hearing loss include [[mining]], manufacturing, and construction.<ref name="Them2019" /> As of 2016 in the United States, 17% of those involved with mining, 16% of those involved in construction, and 14% of those involved in manufacturing had hearing problems.<ref name="Mast2016">{{Cite journal|title=Hearing Impairment Among Noise-Exposed Workers — United States, 2003–2012 {{pipe}} MMWR|journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report|volume=65|issue=15|pages=389–394|doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm6515a2|pmid=27101435|year=2016|last=Masterson|first=Elizabeth A.|last2=Bushnell|first2=P. Timothy|last3=Themann|first3=Christa L.|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C.|doi-access=free}}</ref> Industries with lower rates of problems include police, firefighters, and paramedics at 7%.<ref name="Mast2016" /> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] bdaorsetb9lgz8unbn1reouwu7fkxrl 132617 132616 2026-04-18T12:10:12Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1479343|Occupational hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Occupational_hearing_loss |synonym = |image =Prevalence of Hearing Loss by Time Period and Industry Sector, 1981 - 2010 for 1,816,812 workers.png |image_size =400px |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =Rates of hearing loss in workers in various sectors in the United States by time period<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Masterson EA, Deddens JA, Themann CL, Bertke S, Calvert GM | title = Trends in worker hearing loss by industry sector, 1981-2010 | journal = American Journal of Industrial Medicine | volume = 58 | issue = 4 | pages = 392–401 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25690583 | pmc = 4557728 | doi = 10.1002/ajim.22429 }}</ref> |pronounce = |specialty =[[Occupational and Environmental Medicine]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[tinnitus|ringing in the ears]]<ref name=Kim2010/> |onset = |duration = |causes =[[Industrial noise]], exposure to chemicals, injury<ref name=CDC2023/><ref name=Kim2010/> |risks =Working in [[mining]], [[manufacturing]], [[construction]]<ref name=Them2019/> |diagnosis =[[Audiometry]]<ref name=Mir2018/> |differential = |prevention =Laws requiring lower noise levels; [[personal protective equipment]] ([[earplug]]s); replacing toxic chemicals with safer ones<ref name=Tik2017/> |treatment = |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Common<ref name=Them2013/> |deaths = }}Kpuribu din yirina tuma ni Nyɛla [[Kpuribu]] niri ni yen nya o ni tuma tumbu shee chuuta nima zuɣu.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Di balibu nima zooya, kamani, kpuribu din jandi zuɣupuri tuma, <a href="./Conductive_hearing_loss" rel="mw:WikiLink" data-linkid="79" data-cx="{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;sourceTitle&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Conductive hearing loss&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;thumbnail&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ear-anatomy-text-small-en.svg/120px-Ear-anatomy-text-small-en.svg.png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:80,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:61},&amp;quot;description&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Medical condition&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;pageprops&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wikibase_item&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Q1581308&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;pagelanguage&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;en&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;targetFrom&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;}" class="cx-link" id="mwMQ" title="Conductive hearing loss">kpuribu din jand</a>i shihibu, bee din gabi.<ref name="Kim2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kim KS|title=Occupational hearing loss in Korea|language=en|journal=Journal of Korean Medical Science|volume=25|issue=Suppl|pages=S62–9|date=December 2010|pmid=21258593|pmc=3023345|doi=10.3346/jkms.2010.25.s.s62}}</ref> Severity may range from mild to profound.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Cases may be associated with [[tinnitus]] (ringing in the ears).<ref name="Kim2010" /> Long term noise exposure at levels of at least 80 to 85 decibels is the most common cause.<ref name="CDC2023" /><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref name="Them2013">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa|last2=Suter|first2=Alice|last3=Stephenson|first3=Mark|name-list-style=vanc|date=2013|title=National Research Agenda for the Prevention of Occupational Hearing Loss—Part 1|journal=Seminars in Hearing|language=en|volume=34|issue=3|pages=145–207|doi=10.1055/s-0033-1349351}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 02003L0010-20190726 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02003L0010-20190726|access-date=2023-02-03|website=eur-lex.europa.eu|language=en|archive-date=2023-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207191328/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02003L0010-20190726|url-status=live}}</ref> Other causes may include exposure to certain chemicals and injury.<ref name="CDC2023">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|title=CDC - NIOSH Topic: Occupational Hearing Loss (OHL) Surveillance|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=2016-03-28|archive-date=2020-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016212353/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Johnson AC, Morata TC|date=2010|title=Occupational exposure to chemicals and hearing impairment. The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals.|url=https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|journal=Arbete och Hälsa|volume=44|issue=4|page=177|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2020-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019223316/https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Chemicals involved may include styrene, toluene, lead, mercury, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen cyanide.<ref name="CDC2023" /> Injury may involve an explosion, sharp objects, or metal sparks perforating the eardrum.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Diagnosis is by audiometry.<ref name="Mir2018">{{Cite journal|last=Mirza|first=R|last2=Kirchner|first2=DB|last3=Dobie|first3=RA|last4=Crawford|first4=J|last5=ACOEM Task Force on Occupational Hearing|first5=Loss|title=Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.|journal=Journal of occupational and environmental medicine|date=September 2018|volume=60|issue=9|pages=e498-e501|doi=10.1097/JOM.0000000000001423|pmid=30095587}}</ref> Measures including laws that require lower noise levels; [[personal protective equipment]], such as earplugs; and replacing toxic chemicals with safer ones are effective.<ref name="Tik2017">{{Cite journal|last=Tikka|first=Christina|last2=Verbeek|first2=Jos H|last3=Kateman|first3=Erik|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C|last5=Dreschler|first5=Wouter A|last6=Ferrite|first6=Silvia|date=2017-07-07|editor-last=Cochrane Work Group|title=Interventions to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|language=en|volume=2019|issue=1|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|pmc=6353150|pmid=28685503}}</ref><ref name="NIOSH2018">{{Cite web|title=Preventing hearing loss caused by chemical (ototoxicity) and noise exposure.|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health|access-date=1 February 2023|language=en|doi=10.26616/nioshpub2018124|date=1 March 2018|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707104544/http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United States, organizations such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) work to reduce hearing hazards through a hierarchy of controls.<ref name="Them2019">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa L.|last2=Masterson|first2=Elizabeth A.|date=2019|title=Occupational noise exposure: A review of its effects, epidemiology, and impact with recommendations for reducing its burden|url=http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|journal=The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America|language=en|volume=146|issue=5|pages=3879–3905|doi=10.1121/1.5134465|pmid=31795665|bibcode=2019ASAJ..146.3879T|issn=0001-4966|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2022-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728194621/http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|url-status=live}}</ref> Occupational hearing loss is one of the most common work-related illnesses in the [[America|United States]].<ref name="Them2013" /> At least 16% of significant hearing loss in adults globally is due to occupational exposures.<ref name="Them2019" /> Among people working in the United States it represents more than half of cases.<ref name="Them2019" /> Industries with the highest levels of hearing loss include [[mining]], manufacturing, and construction.<ref name="Them2019" /> As of 2016 in the United States, 17% of those involved with mining, 16% of those involved in construction, and 14% of those involved in manufacturing had hearing problems.<ref name="Mast2016">{{Cite journal|title=Hearing Impairment Among Noise-Exposed Workers — United States, 2003–2012 {{pipe}} MMWR|journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report|volume=65|issue=15|pages=389–394|doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm6515a2|pmid=27101435|year=2016|last=Masterson|first=Elizabeth A.|last2=Bushnell|first2=P. Timothy|last3=Themann|first3=Christa L.|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C.|doi-access=free}}</ref> Industries with lower rates of problems include police, firefighters, and paramedics at 7%.<ref name="Mast2016" /> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] 81oipto1rkba7cs4d9s64opnncwbprc 132618 132617 2026-04-18T12:14:30Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1479343|Occupational hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132618 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Occupational_hearing_loss |synonym = |image =Prevalence of Hearing Loss by Time Period and Industry Sector, 1981 - 2010 for 1,816,812 workers.png |image_size =400px |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =Rates of hearing loss in workers in various sectors in the United States by time period<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Masterson EA, Deddens JA, Themann CL, Bertke S, Calvert GM | title = Trends in worker hearing loss by industry sector, 1981-2010 | journal = American Journal of Industrial Medicine | volume = 58 | issue = 4 | pages = 392–401 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25690583 | pmc = 4557728 | doi = 10.1002/ajim.22429 }}</ref> |pronounce = |specialty =[[Occupational and Environmental Medicine]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[tinnitus|ringing in the ears]]<ref name=Kim2010/> |onset = |duration = |causes =[[Industrial noise]], exposure to chemicals, injury<ref name=CDC2023/><ref name=Kim2010/> |risks =Working in [[mining]], [[manufacturing]], [[construction]]<ref name=Them2019/> |diagnosis =[[Audiometry]]<ref name=Mir2018/> |differential = |prevention =Laws requiring lower noise levels; [[personal protective equipment]] ([[earplug]]s); replacing toxic chemicals with safer ones<ref name=Tik2017/> |treatment = |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Common<ref name=Them2013/> |deaths = }}Kpuribu din yirina tuma ni Nyɛla [[Kpuribu]] niri ni yen nya o ni tuma tumbu shee chuuta nima zuɣu.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Di balibu nima zooya, kamani, kpuribu din jandi zuɣupuri tuma, <a href="./Conductive_hearing_loss" rel="mw:WikiLink" data-linkid="79" data-cx="{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;sourceTitle&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Conductive hearing loss&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;thumbnail&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ear-anatomy-text-small-en.svg/120px-Ear-anatomy-text-small-en.svg.png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:80,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:61},&amp;quot;description&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Medical condition&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;pageprops&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wikibase_item&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Q1581308&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;pagelanguage&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;en&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;targetFrom&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;}" class="cx-link" id="mwMQ" title="Conductive hearing loss">kpuribu din jand</a>i shihibu, bee din gabi.<ref name="Kim2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kim KS|title=Occupational hearing loss in Korea|language=en|journal=Journal of Korean Medical Science|volume=25|issue=Suppl|pages=S62–9|date=December 2010|pmid=21258593|pmc=3023345|doi=10.3346/jkms.2010.25.s.s62}}</ref> Di kpeei yahi gba nyɛla din ni tooi nye din bala bee n kpe yɔɣu Kpuribu din yi palo.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Kpuribu doro ŋɔ ni tooi chaŋ n-dɔli doro kamani [[tinnitus]] (din nahingbana n nye kumsim bihi m be tiba puuni la).<ref name="Kim2010" /> Long term noise exposure at levels of at least 80 to 85 decibels is the most common cause.<ref name="CDC2023" /><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref name="Them2013">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa|last2=Suter|first2=Alice|last3=Stephenson|first3=Mark|name-list-style=vanc|date=2013|title=National Research Agenda for the Prevention of Occupational Hearing Loss—Part 1|journal=Seminars in Hearing|language=en|volume=34|issue=3|pages=145–207|doi=10.1055/s-0033-1349351}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 02003L0010-20190726 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02003L0010-20190726|access-date=2023-02-03|website=eur-lex.europa.eu|language=en|archive-date=2023-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207191328/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02003L0010-20190726|url-status=live}}</ref> Other causes may include exposure to certain chemicals and injury.<ref name="CDC2023">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|title=CDC - NIOSH Topic: Occupational Hearing Loss (OHL) Surveillance|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=2016-03-28|archive-date=2020-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016212353/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Johnson AC, Morata TC|date=2010|title=Occupational exposure to chemicals and hearing impairment. The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals.|url=https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|journal=Arbete och Hälsa|volume=44|issue=4|page=177|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2020-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019223316/https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Chemicals involved may include styrene, toluene, lead, mercury, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen cyanide.<ref name="CDC2023" /> Injury may involve an explosion, sharp objects, or metal sparks perforating the eardrum.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Diagnosis is by audiometry.<ref name="Mir2018">{{Cite journal|last=Mirza|first=R|last2=Kirchner|first2=DB|last3=Dobie|first3=RA|last4=Crawford|first4=J|last5=ACOEM Task Force on Occupational Hearing|first5=Loss|title=Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.|journal=Journal of occupational and environmental medicine|date=September 2018|volume=60|issue=9|pages=e498-e501|doi=10.1097/JOM.0000000000001423|pmid=30095587}}</ref> Measures including laws that require lower noise levels; [[personal protective equipment]], such as earplugs; and replacing toxic chemicals with safer ones are effective.<ref name="Tik2017">{{Cite journal|last=Tikka|first=Christina|last2=Verbeek|first2=Jos H|last3=Kateman|first3=Erik|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C|last5=Dreschler|first5=Wouter A|last6=Ferrite|first6=Silvia|date=2017-07-07|editor-last=Cochrane Work Group|title=Interventions to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|language=en|volume=2019|issue=1|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|pmc=6353150|pmid=28685503}}</ref><ref name="NIOSH2018">{{Cite web|title=Preventing hearing loss caused by chemical (ototoxicity) and noise exposure.|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health|access-date=1 February 2023|language=en|doi=10.26616/nioshpub2018124|date=1 March 2018|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707104544/http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United States, organizations such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) work to reduce hearing hazards through a hierarchy of controls.<ref name="Them2019">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa L.|last2=Masterson|first2=Elizabeth A.|date=2019|title=Occupational noise exposure: A review of its effects, epidemiology, and impact with recommendations for reducing its burden|url=http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|journal=The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America|language=en|volume=146|issue=5|pages=3879–3905|doi=10.1121/1.5134465|pmid=31795665|bibcode=2019ASAJ..146.3879T|issn=0001-4966|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2022-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728194621/http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|url-status=live}}</ref> Occupational hearing loss is one of the most common work-related illnesses in the [[America|United States]].<ref name="Them2013" /> At least 16% of significant hearing loss in adults globally is due to occupational exposures.<ref name="Them2019" /> Among people working in the United States it represents more than half of cases.<ref name="Them2019" /> Industries with the highest levels of hearing loss include [[mining]], manufacturing, and construction.<ref name="Them2019" /> As of 2016 in the United States, 17% of those involved with mining, 16% of those involved in construction, and 14% of those involved in manufacturing had hearing problems.<ref name="Mast2016">{{Cite journal|title=Hearing Impairment Among Noise-Exposed Workers — United States, 2003–2012 {{pipe}} MMWR|journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report|volume=65|issue=15|pages=389–394|doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm6515a2|pmid=27101435|year=2016|last=Masterson|first=Elizabeth A.|last2=Bushnell|first2=P. Timothy|last3=Themann|first3=Christa L.|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C.|doi-access=free}}</ref> Industries with lower rates of problems include police, firefighters, and paramedics at 7%.<ref name="Mast2016" /> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] eipkp91p3lgahmi79xkode68btvxn97 132619 132618 2026-04-18T12:16:29Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1479343|Occupational hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Occupational_hearing_loss |synonym = |image =Prevalence of Hearing Loss by Time Period and Industry Sector, 1981 - 2010 for 1,816,812 workers.png |image_size =400px |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =Rates of hearing loss in workers in various sectors in the United States by time period<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Masterson EA, Deddens JA, Themann CL, Bertke S, Calvert GM | title = Trends in worker hearing loss by industry sector, 1981-2010 | journal = American Journal of Industrial Medicine | volume = 58 | issue = 4 | pages = 392–401 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25690583 | pmc = 4557728 | doi = 10.1002/ajim.22429 }}</ref> |pronounce = |specialty =[[Occupational and Environmental Medicine]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[tinnitus|ringing in the ears]]<ref name=Kim2010/> |onset = |duration = |causes =[[Industrial noise]], exposure to chemicals, injury<ref name=CDC2023/><ref name=Kim2010/> |risks =Working in [[mining]], [[manufacturing]], [[construction]]<ref name=Them2019/> |diagnosis =[[Audiometry]]<ref name=Mir2018/> |differential = |prevention =Laws requiring lower noise levels; [[personal protective equipment]] ([[earplug]]s); replacing toxic chemicals with safer ones<ref name=Tik2017/> |treatment = |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Common<ref name=Them2013/> |deaths = }}Kpuribu din yirina tuma ni Nyɛla [[Kpuribu]] niri ni yen nya o ni tuma tumbu shee chuuta nima zuɣu.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Di balibu nima zooya, kamani, kpuribu din jandi zuɣupuri tuma, <a href="./Conductive_hearing_loss" rel="mw:WikiLink" data-linkid="79" data-cx="{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;sourceTitle&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Conductive hearing loss&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;thumbnail&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ear-anatomy-text-small-en.svg/120px-Ear-anatomy-text-small-en.svg.png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:80,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:61},&amp;quot;description&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Medical condition&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;pageprops&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wikibase_item&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Q1581308&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;pagelanguage&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;en&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;targetFrom&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;}" class="cx-link" id="mwMQ" title="Conductive hearing loss">kpuribu din jand</a>i shihibu, bee din gabi.<ref name="Kim2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kim KS|title=Occupational hearing loss in Korea|language=en|journal=Journal of Korean Medical Science|volume=25|issue=Suppl|pages=S62–9|date=December 2010|pmid=21258593|pmc=3023345|doi=10.3346/jkms.2010.25.s.s62}}</ref> Di kpeei yahi gba nyɛla din ni tooi nye din bala bee n kpe yɔɣu Kpuribu din yi palo.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Kpuribu doro ŋɔ ni tooi chaŋ n-dɔli doro kamani [[tinnitus]] (din nahingbana n nye kumsim bihi m be tiba puuni la).<ref name="Kim2010" /> Vuri pam wumbu din kumsim sahi bee n yaɣi 80 hali ni 85 decibels saha waɣala nyɛla din tooi tahiri ŋa na.<ref name="CDC2023" /><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref name="Them2013">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa|last2=Suter|first2=Alice|last3=Stephenson|first3=Mark|name-list-style=vanc|date=2013|title=National Research Agenda for the Prevention of Occupational Hearing Loss—Part 1|journal=Seminars in Hearing|language=en|volume=34|issue=3|pages=145–207|doi=10.1055/s-0033-1349351}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 02003L0010-20190726 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02003L0010-20190726|access-date=2023-02-03|website=eur-lex.europa.eu|language=en|archive-date=2023-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207191328/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02003L0010-20190726|url-status=live}}</ref> Other causes may include exposure to certain chemicals and injury.<ref name="CDC2023">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|title=CDC - NIOSH Topic: Occupational Hearing Loss (OHL) Surveillance|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=2016-03-28|archive-date=2020-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016212353/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Johnson AC, Morata TC|date=2010|title=Occupational exposure to chemicals and hearing impairment. The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals.|url=https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|journal=Arbete och Hälsa|volume=44|issue=4|page=177|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2020-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019223316/https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Chemicals involved may include styrene, toluene, lead, mercury, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen cyanide.<ref name="CDC2023" /> Injury may involve an explosion, sharp objects, or metal sparks perforating the eardrum.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Diagnosis is by audiometry.<ref name="Mir2018">{{Cite journal|last=Mirza|first=R|last2=Kirchner|first2=DB|last3=Dobie|first3=RA|last4=Crawford|first4=J|last5=ACOEM Task Force on Occupational Hearing|first5=Loss|title=Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.|journal=Journal of occupational and environmental medicine|date=September 2018|volume=60|issue=9|pages=e498-e501|doi=10.1097/JOM.0000000000001423|pmid=30095587}}</ref> Measures including laws that require lower noise levels; [[personal protective equipment]], such as earplugs; and replacing toxic chemicals with safer ones are effective.<ref name="Tik2017">{{Cite journal|last=Tikka|first=Christina|last2=Verbeek|first2=Jos H|last3=Kateman|first3=Erik|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C|last5=Dreschler|first5=Wouter A|last6=Ferrite|first6=Silvia|date=2017-07-07|editor-last=Cochrane Work Group|title=Interventions to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|language=en|volume=2019|issue=1|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|pmc=6353150|pmid=28685503}}</ref><ref name="NIOSH2018">{{Cite web|title=Preventing hearing loss caused by chemical (ototoxicity) and noise exposure.|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health|access-date=1 February 2023|language=en|doi=10.26616/nioshpub2018124|date=1 March 2018|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707104544/http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United States, organizations such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) work to reduce hearing hazards through a hierarchy of controls.<ref name="Them2019">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa L.|last2=Masterson|first2=Elizabeth A.|date=2019|title=Occupational noise exposure: A review of its effects, epidemiology, and impact with recommendations for reducing its burden|url=http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|journal=The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America|language=en|volume=146|issue=5|pages=3879–3905|doi=10.1121/1.5134465|pmid=31795665|bibcode=2019ASAJ..146.3879T|issn=0001-4966|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2022-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728194621/http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|url-status=live}}</ref> Occupational hearing loss is one of the most common work-related illnesses in the [[America|United States]].<ref name="Them2013" /> At least 16% of significant hearing loss in adults globally is due to occupational exposures.<ref name="Them2019" /> Among people working in the United States it represents more than half of cases.<ref name="Them2019" /> Industries with the highest levels of hearing loss include [[mining]], manufacturing, and construction.<ref name="Them2019" /> As of 2016 in the United States, 17% of those involved with mining, 16% of those involved in construction, and 14% of those involved in manufacturing had hearing problems.<ref name="Mast2016">{{Cite journal|title=Hearing Impairment Among Noise-Exposed Workers — United States, 2003–2012 {{pipe}} MMWR|journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report|volume=65|issue=15|pages=389–394|doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm6515a2|pmid=27101435|year=2016|last=Masterson|first=Elizabeth A.|last2=Bushnell|first2=P. Timothy|last3=Themann|first3=Christa L.|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C.|doi-access=free}}</ref> Industries with lower rates of problems include police, firefighters, and paramedics at 7%.<ref name="Mast2016" /> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] r0ygwrbboujmt80aigpfeg1llgzlwxb 132620 132619 2026-04-18T12:22:38Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1479343|Occupational hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Occupational_hearing_loss |synonym = |image =Prevalence of Hearing Loss by Time Period and Industry Sector, 1981 - 2010 for 1,816,812 workers.png |image_size =400px |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =Rates of hearing loss in workers in various sectors in the United States by time period<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Masterson EA, Deddens JA, Themann CL, Bertke S, Calvert GM | title = Trends in worker hearing loss by industry sector, 1981-2010 | journal = American Journal of Industrial Medicine | volume = 58 | issue = 4 | pages = 392–401 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25690583 | pmc = 4557728 | doi = 10.1002/ajim.22429 }}</ref> |pronounce = |specialty =[[Occupational and Environmental Medicine]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[tinnitus|ringing in the ears]]<ref name=Kim2010/> |onset = |duration = |causes =[[Industrial noise]], exposure to chemicals, injury<ref name=CDC2023/><ref name=Kim2010/> |risks =Working in [[mining]], [[manufacturing]], [[construction]]<ref name=Them2019/> |diagnosis =[[Audiometry]]<ref name=Mir2018/> |differential = |prevention =Laws requiring lower noise levels; [[personal protective equipment]] ([[earplug]]s); replacing toxic chemicals with safer ones<ref name=Tik2017/> |treatment = |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Common<ref name=Them2013/> |deaths = }}Kpuribu din yirina tuma ni Nyɛla [[Kpuribu]] niri ni yen nya o ni tuma tumbu shee chuuta nima zuɣu.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Di balibu nima zooya, kamani, kpuribu din jandi zuɣupuri tuma, <a href="./Conductive_hearing_loss" rel="mw:WikiLink" data-linkid="79" data-cx="{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;sourceTitle&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Conductive hearing loss&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;thumbnail&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ear-anatomy-text-small-en.svg/120px-Ear-anatomy-text-small-en.svg.png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:80,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:61},&amp;quot;description&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Medical condition&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;pageprops&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wikibase_item&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Q1581308&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;pagelanguage&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;en&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;targetFrom&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;}" class="cx-link" id="mwMQ" title="Conductive hearing loss">kpuribu din jand</a>i shihibu, bee din gabi.<ref name="Kim2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kim KS|title=Occupational hearing loss in Korea|language=en|journal=Journal of Korean Medical Science|volume=25|issue=Suppl|pages=S62–9|date=December 2010|pmid=21258593|pmc=3023345|doi=10.3346/jkms.2010.25.s.s62}}</ref> Di kpeei yahi gba nyɛla din ni tooi nye din bala bee n kpe yɔɣu Kpuribu din yi palo.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Kpuribu doro ŋɔ ni tooi chaŋ n-dɔli doro kamani [[tinnitus]] (din nahingbana n nye kumsim bihi m be tiba puuni la).<ref name="Kim2010" /> Vuri pam wumbu din kumsim sahi bee n yaɣi 80 hali ni 85 decibels saha waɣala nyɛla din tooi tahiri ŋa na.<ref name="CDC2023" /><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref name="Them2013">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa|last2=Suter|first2=Alice|last3=Stephenson|first3=Mark|name-list-style=vanc|date=2013|title=National Research Agenda for the Prevention of Occupational Hearing Loss—Part 1|journal=Seminars in Hearing|language=en|volume=34|issue=3|pages=145–207|doi=10.1055/s-0033-1349351}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 02003L0010-20190726 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02003L0010-20190726|access-date=2023-02-03|website=eur-lex.europa.eu|language=en|archive-date=2023-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207191328/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02003L0010-20190726|url-status=live}}</ref> Din gba ni tooi tahi ŋa n nye kɛmikals bee daŋa.<ref name="CDC2023">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|title=CDC - NIOSH Topic: Occupational Hearing Loss (OHL) Surveillance|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=2016-03-28|archive-date=2020-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016212353/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Johnson AC, Morata TC|date=2010|title=Occupational exposure to chemicals and hearing impairment. The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals.|url=https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|journal=Arbete och Hälsa|volume=44|issue=4|page=177|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2020-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019223316/https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Chemicals involved may include styrene, toluene, lead, mercury, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen cyanide.<ref name="CDC2023" /> Injury may involve an explosion, sharp objects, or metal sparks perforating the eardrum.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Diagnosis is by audiometry.<ref name="Mir2018">{{Cite journal|last=Mirza|first=R|last2=Kirchner|first2=DB|last3=Dobie|first3=RA|last4=Crawford|first4=J|last5=ACOEM Task Force on Occupational Hearing|first5=Loss|title=Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.|journal=Journal of occupational and environmental medicine|date=September 2018|volume=60|issue=9|pages=e498-e501|doi=10.1097/JOM.0000000000001423|pmid=30095587}}</ref> Measures including laws that require lower noise levels; [[personal protective equipment]], such as earplugs; and replacing toxic chemicals with safer ones are effective.<ref name="Tik2017">{{Cite journal|last=Tikka|first=Christina|last2=Verbeek|first2=Jos H|last3=Kateman|first3=Erik|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C|last5=Dreschler|first5=Wouter A|last6=Ferrite|first6=Silvia|date=2017-07-07|editor-last=Cochrane Work Group|title=Interventions to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|language=en|volume=2019|issue=1|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|pmc=6353150|pmid=28685503}}</ref><ref name="NIOSH2018">{{Cite web|title=Preventing hearing loss caused by chemical (ototoxicity) and noise exposure.|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health|access-date=1 February 2023|language=en|doi=10.26616/nioshpub2018124|date=1 March 2018|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707104544/http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United States, organizations such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) work to reduce hearing hazards through a hierarchy of controls.<ref name="Them2019">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa L.|last2=Masterson|first2=Elizabeth A.|date=2019|title=Occupational noise exposure: A review of its effects, epidemiology, and impact with recommendations for reducing its burden|url=http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|journal=The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America|language=en|volume=146|issue=5|pages=3879–3905|doi=10.1121/1.5134465|pmid=31795665|bibcode=2019ASAJ..146.3879T|issn=0001-4966|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2022-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728194621/http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|url-status=live}}</ref> Occupational hearing loss is one of the most common work-related illnesses in the [[America|United States]].<ref name="Them2013" /> At least 16% of significant hearing loss in adults globally is due to occupational exposures.<ref name="Them2019" /> Among people working in the United States it represents more than half of cases.<ref name="Them2019" /> Industries with the highest levels of hearing loss include [[mining]], manufacturing, and construction.<ref name="Them2019" /> As of 2016 in the United States, 17% of those involved with mining, 16% of those involved in construction, and 14% of those involved in manufacturing had hearing problems.<ref name="Mast2016">{{Cite journal|title=Hearing Impairment Among Noise-Exposed Workers — United States, 2003–2012 {{pipe}} MMWR|journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report|volume=65|issue=15|pages=389–394|doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm6515a2|pmid=27101435|year=2016|last=Masterson|first=Elizabeth A.|last2=Bushnell|first2=P. Timothy|last3=Themann|first3=Christa L.|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C.|doi-access=free}}</ref> Industries with lower rates of problems include police, firefighters, and paramedics at 7%.<ref name="Mast2016" /> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] 9jai30a8x1kiq6mv8cdeb81m836s78p 132621 132620 2026-04-18T12:24:13Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1479343|Occupational hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Occupational_hearing_loss |synonym = |image =Prevalence of Hearing Loss by Time Period and Industry Sector, 1981 - 2010 for 1,816,812 workers.png |image_size =400px |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =Rates of hearing loss in workers in various sectors in the United States by time period<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Masterson EA, Deddens JA, Themann CL, Bertke S, Calvert GM | title = Trends in worker hearing loss by industry sector, 1981-2010 | journal = American Journal of Industrial Medicine | volume = 58 | issue = 4 | pages = 392–401 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25690583 | pmc = 4557728 | doi = 10.1002/ajim.22429 }}</ref> |pronounce = |specialty =[[Occupational and Environmental Medicine]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[tinnitus|ringing in the ears]]<ref name=Kim2010/> |onset = |duration = |causes =[[Industrial noise]], exposure to chemicals, injury<ref name=CDC2023/><ref name=Kim2010/> |risks =Working in [[mining]], [[manufacturing]], [[construction]]<ref name=Them2019/> |diagnosis =[[Audiometry]]<ref name=Mir2018/> |differential = |prevention =Laws requiring lower noise levels; [[personal protective equipment]] ([[earplug]]s); replacing toxic chemicals with safer ones<ref name=Tik2017/> |treatment = |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Common<ref name=Them2013/> |deaths = }}Kpuribu din yirina tuma ni Nyɛla [[Kpuribu]] niri ni yen nya o ni tuma tumbu shee chuuta nima zuɣu.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Di balibu nima zooya, kamani, kpuribu din jandi zuɣupuri tuma, <a href="./Conductive_hearing_loss" rel="mw:WikiLink" data-linkid="79" data-cx="{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;sourceTitle&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Conductive hearing loss&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;thumbnail&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ear-anatomy-text-small-en.svg/120px-Ear-anatomy-text-small-en.svg.png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:80,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:61},&amp;quot;description&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Medical condition&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;pageprops&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wikibase_item&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Q1581308&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;pagelanguage&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;en&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;targetFrom&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;}" class="cx-link" id="mwMQ" title="Conductive hearing loss">kpuribu din jand</a>i shihibu, bee din gabi.<ref name="Kim2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kim KS|title=Occupational hearing loss in Korea|language=en|journal=Journal of Korean Medical Science|volume=25|issue=Suppl|pages=S62–9|date=December 2010|pmid=21258593|pmc=3023345|doi=10.3346/jkms.2010.25.s.s62}}</ref> Di kpeei yahi gba nyɛla din ni tooi nye din bala bee n kpe yɔɣu Kpuribu din yi palo.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Kpuribu doro ŋɔ ni tooi chaŋ n-dɔli doro kamani [[tinnitus]] (din nahingbana n nye kumsim bihi m be tiba puuni la).<ref name="Kim2010" /> Vuri pam wumbu din kumsim sahi bee n yaɣi 80 hali ni 85 decibels saha waɣala nyɛla din tooi tahiri ŋa na.<ref name="CDC2023" /><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref name="Them2013">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa|last2=Suter|first2=Alice|last3=Stephenson|first3=Mark|name-list-style=vanc|date=2013|title=National Research Agenda for the Prevention of Occupational Hearing Loss—Part 1|journal=Seminars in Hearing|language=en|volume=34|issue=3|pages=145–207|doi=10.1055/s-0033-1349351}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 02003L0010-20190726 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02003L0010-20190726|access-date=2023-02-03|website=eur-lex.europa.eu|language=en|archive-date=2023-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207191328/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02003L0010-20190726|url-status=live}}</ref> Din gba ni tooi tahi ŋa n nye kɛmikals bee daŋa.<ref name="CDC2023">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|title=CDC - NIOSH Topic: Occupational Hearing Loss (OHL) Surveillance|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=2016-03-28|archive-date=2020-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016212353/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Johnson AC, Morata TC|date=2010|title=Occupational exposure to chemicals and hearing impairment. The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals.|url=https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|journal=Arbete och Hälsa|volume=44|issue=4|page=177|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2020-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019223316/https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> kɛmikals shɛŋa din mali barina tiba kpuribu polo n nye styrene bee toluene bee lead bee mercury bee carbon monoxide n ti pahi hydrogen cyanide.<ref name="CDC2023" /> Injury may involve an explosion, sharp objects, or metal sparks perforating the eardrum.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Diagnosis is by audiometry.<ref name="Mir2018">{{Cite journal|last=Mirza|first=R|last2=Kirchner|first2=DB|last3=Dobie|first3=RA|last4=Crawford|first4=J|last5=ACOEM Task Force on Occupational Hearing|first5=Loss|title=Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.|journal=Journal of occupational and environmental medicine|date=September 2018|volume=60|issue=9|pages=e498-e501|doi=10.1097/JOM.0000000000001423|pmid=30095587}}</ref> Measures including laws that require lower noise levels; [[personal protective equipment]], such as earplugs; and replacing toxic chemicals with safer ones are effective.<ref name="Tik2017">{{Cite journal|last=Tikka|first=Christina|last2=Verbeek|first2=Jos H|last3=Kateman|first3=Erik|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C|last5=Dreschler|first5=Wouter A|last6=Ferrite|first6=Silvia|date=2017-07-07|editor-last=Cochrane Work Group|title=Interventions to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|language=en|volume=2019|issue=1|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|pmc=6353150|pmid=28685503}}</ref><ref name="NIOSH2018">{{Cite web|title=Preventing hearing loss caused by chemical (ototoxicity) and noise exposure.|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health|access-date=1 February 2023|language=en|doi=10.26616/nioshpub2018124|date=1 March 2018|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707104544/http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United States, organizations such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) work to reduce hearing hazards through a hierarchy of controls.<ref name="Them2019">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa L.|last2=Masterson|first2=Elizabeth A.|date=2019|title=Occupational noise exposure: A review of its effects, epidemiology, and impact with recommendations for reducing its burden|url=http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|journal=The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America|language=en|volume=146|issue=5|pages=3879–3905|doi=10.1121/1.5134465|pmid=31795665|bibcode=2019ASAJ..146.3879T|issn=0001-4966|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2022-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728194621/http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|url-status=live}}</ref> Occupational hearing loss is one of the most common work-related illnesses in the [[America|United States]].<ref name="Them2013" /> At least 16% of significant hearing loss in adults globally is due to occupational exposures.<ref name="Them2019" /> Among people working in the United States it represents more than half of cases.<ref name="Them2019" /> Industries with the highest levels of hearing loss include [[mining]], manufacturing, and construction.<ref name="Them2019" /> As of 2016 in the United States, 17% of those involved with mining, 16% of those involved in construction, and 14% of those involved in manufacturing had hearing problems.<ref name="Mast2016">{{Cite journal|title=Hearing Impairment Among Noise-Exposed Workers — United States, 2003–2012 {{pipe}} MMWR|journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report|volume=65|issue=15|pages=389–394|doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm6515a2|pmid=27101435|year=2016|last=Masterson|first=Elizabeth A.|last2=Bushnell|first2=P. Timothy|last3=Themann|first3=Christa L.|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C.|doi-access=free}}</ref> Industries with lower rates of problems include police, firefighters, and paramedics at 7%.<ref name="Mast2016" /> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] ri41mqrv9ejrt266mj1ed6eksag7hjp 132622 132621 2026-04-18T12:29:13Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1479343|Occupational hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132622 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Occupational_hearing_loss |synonym = |image =Prevalence of Hearing Loss by Time Period and Industry Sector, 1981 - 2010 for 1,816,812 workers.png |image_size =400px |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =Rates of hearing loss in workers in various sectors in the United States by time period<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Masterson EA, Deddens JA, Themann CL, Bertke S, Calvert GM | title = Trends in worker hearing loss by industry sector, 1981-2010 | journal = American Journal of Industrial Medicine | volume = 58 | issue = 4 | pages = 392–401 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25690583 | pmc = 4557728 | doi = 10.1002/ajim.22429 }}</ref> |pronounce = |specialty =[[Occupational and Environmental Medicine]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[tinnitus|ringing in the ears]]<ref name=Kim2010/> |onset = |duration = |causes =[[Industrial noise]], exposure to chemicals, injury<ref name=CDC2023/><ref name=Kim2010/> |risks =Working in [[mining]], [[manufacturing]], [[construction]]<ref name=Them2019/> |diagnosis =[[Audiometry]]<ref name=Mir2018/> |differential = |prevention =Laws requiring lower noise levels; [[personal protective equipment]] ([[earplug]]s); replacing toxic chemicals with safer ones<ref name=Tik2017/> |treatment = |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Common<ref name=Them2013/> |deaths = }}Kpuribu din yirina tuma ni Nyɛla [[Kpuribu]] niri ni yen nya o ni tuma tumbu shee chuuta nima zuɣu.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Di balibu nima zooya, kamani, kpuribu din jandi zuɣupuri tuma, <a href="./Conductive_hearing_loss" rel="mw:WikiLink" data-linkid="79" data-cx="{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;sourceTitle&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Conductive hearing loss&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;thumbnail&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ear-anatomy-text-small-en.svg/120px-Ear-anatomy-text-small-en.svg.png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:80,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:61},&amp;quot;description&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Medical condition&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;pageprops&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wikibase_item&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Q1581308&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;pagelanguage&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;en&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;targetFrom&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;}" class="cx-link" id="mwMQ" title="Conductive hearing loss">kpuribu din jand</a>i shihibu, bee din gabi.<ref name="Kim2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kim KS|title=Occupational hearing loss in Korea|language=en|journal=Journal of Korean Medical Science|volume=25|issue=Suppl|pages=S62–9|date=December 2010|pmid=21258593|pmc=3023345|doi=10.3346/jkms.2010.25.s.s62}}</ref> Di kpeei yahi gba nyɛla din ni tooi nye din bala bee n kpe yɔɣu Kpuribu din yi palo.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Kpuribu doro ŋɔ ni tooi chaŋ n-dɔli doro kamani [[tinnitus]] (din nahingbana n nye kumsim bihi m be tiba puuni la).<ref name="Kim2010" /> Vuri pam wumbu din kumsim sahi bee n yaɣi 80 hali ni 85 decibels saha waɣala nyɛla din tooi tahiri ŋa na.<ref name="CDC2023" /><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref name="Them2013">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa|last2=Suter|first2=Alice|last3=Stephenson|first3=Mark|name-list-style=vanc|date=2013|title=National Research Agenda for the Prevention of Occupational Hearing Loss—Part 1|journal=Seminars in Hearing|language=en|volume=34|issue=3|pages=145–207|doi=10.1055/s-0033-1349351}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 02003L0010-20190726 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02003L0010-20190726|access-date=2023-02-03|website=eur-lex.europa.eu|language=en|archive-date=2023-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207191328/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02003L0010-20190726|url-status=live}}</ref> Din gba ni tooi tahi ŋa n nye kɛmikals bee daŋa.<ref name="CDC2023">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|title=CDC - NIOSH Topic: Occupational Hearing Loss (OHL) Surveillance|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=2016-03-28|archive-date=2020-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016212353/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Johnson AC, Morata TC|date=2010|title=Occupational exposure to chemicals and hearing impairment. The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals.|url=https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|journal=Arbete och Hälsa|volume=44|issue=4|page=177|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2020-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019223316/https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> kɛmikals shɛŋa din mali barina tiba kpuribu polo n nye styrene bee toluene bee lead bee mercury bee carbon monoxide n ti pahi hydrogen cyanide.<ref name="CDC2023" /> Daŋsi ni tooi yina di yi ti niŋ ka binshɛɣu taai buɣum bee ka binshɛɣu din diri pam ŋmaai nira bee buɣum din yirina kuriti ni nyooi nira tiba puuni.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Doro ŋɔ vihi n-nya dɔlila audiometry.<ref name="Mir2018">{{Cite journal|last=Mirza|first=R|last2=Kirchner|first2=DB|last3=Dobie|first3=RA|last4=Crawford|first4=J|last5=ACOEM Task Force on Occupational Hearing|first5=Loss|title=Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.|journal=Journal of occupational and environmental medicine|date=September 2018|volume=60|issue=9|pages=e498-e501|doi=10.1097/JOM.0000000000001423|pmid=30095587}}</ref> Measures including laws that require lower noise levels; [[personal protective equipment]], such as earplugs; and replacing toxic chemicals with safer ones are effective.<ref name="Tik2017">{{Cite journal|last=Tikka|first=Christina|last2=Verbeek|first2=Jos H|last3=Kateman|first3=Erik|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C|last5=Dreschler|first5=Wouter A|last6=Ferrite|first6=Silvia|date=2017-07-07|editor-last=Cochrane Work Group|title=Interventions to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|language=en|volume=2019|issue=1|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|pmc=6353150|pmid=28685503}}</ref><ref name="NIOSH2018">{{Cite web|title=Preventing hearing loss caused by chemical (ototoxicity) and noise exposure.|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health|access-date=1 February 2023|language=en|doi=10.26616/nioshpub2018124|date=1 March 2018|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707104544/http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United States, organizations such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) work to reduce hearing hazards through a hierarchy of controls.<ref name="Them2019">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa L.|last2=Masterson|first2=Elizabeth A.|date=2019|title=Occupational noise exposure: A review of its effects, epidemiology, and impact with recommendations for reducing its burden|url=http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|journal=The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America|language=en|volume=146|issue=5|pages=3879–3905|doi=10.1121/1.5134465|pmid=31795665|bibcode=2019ASAJ..146.3879T|issn=0001-4966|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2022-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728194621/http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|url-status=live}}</ref> Occupational hearing loss is one of the most common work-related illnesses in the [[America|United States]].<ref name="Them2013" /> At least 16% of significant hearing loss in adults globally is due to occupational exposures.<ref name="Them2019" /> Among people working in the United States it represents more than half of cases.<ref name="Them2019" /> Industries with the highest levels of hearing loss include [[mining]], manufacturing, and construction.<ref name="Them2019" /> As of 2016 in the United States, 17% of those involved with mining, 16% of those involved in construction, and 14% of those involved in manufacturing had hearing problems.<ref name="Mast2016">{{Cite journal|title=Hearing Impairment Among Noise-Exposed Workers — United States, 2003–2012 {{pipe}} MMWR|journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report|volume=65|issue=15|pages=389–394|doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm6515a2|pmid=27101435|year=2016|last=Masterson|first=Elizabeth A.|last2=Bushnell|first2=P. Timothy|last3=Themann|first3=Christa L.|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C.|doi-access=free}}</ref> Industries with lower rates of problems include police, firefighters, and paramedics at 7%.<ref name="Mast2016" /> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] sfkpnvbmb8xz7l049lx30pq2ceb8wk5 132624 132622 2026-04-18T12:35:02Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1479343|Occupational hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Occupational_hearing_loss |synonym = |image =Prevalence of Hearing Loss by Time Period and Industry Sector, 1981 - 2010 for 1,816,812 workers.png |image_size =400px |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =Rates of hearing loss in workers in various sectors in the United States by time period<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Masterson EA, Deddens JA, Themann CL, Bertke S, Calvert GM | title = Trends in worker hearing loss by industry sector, 1981-2010 | journal = American Journal of Industrial Medicine | volume = 58 | issue = 4 | pages = 392–401 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25690583 | pmc = 4557728 | doi = 10.1002/ajim.22429 }}</ref> |pronounce = |specialty =[[Occupational and Environmental Medicine]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[tinnitus|ringing in the ears]]<ref name=Kim2010/> |onset = |duration = |causes =[[Industrial noise]], exposure to chemicals, injury<ref name=CDC2023/><ref name=Kim2010/> |risks =Working in [[mining]], [[manufacturing]], [[construction]]<ref name=Them2019/> |diagnosis =[[Audiometry]]<ref name=Mir2018/> |differential = |prevention =Laws requiring lower noise levels; [[personal protective equipment]] ([[earplug]]s); replacing toxic chemicals with safer ones<ref name=Tik2017/> |treatment = |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Common<ref name=Them2013/> |deaths = }}Kpuribu din yirina tuma ni Nyɛla [[Kpuribu]] niri ni yen nya o ni tuma tumbu shee chuuta nima zuɣu.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Di balibu nima zooya, kamani, kpuribu din jandi zuɣupuri tuma, <a href="./Conductive_hearing_loss" rel="mw:WikiLink" data-linkid="79" data-cx="{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;sourceTitle&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Conductive hearing loss&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;thumbnail&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ear-anatomy-text-small-en.svg/120px-Ear-anatomy-text-small-en.svg.png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:80,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:61},&amp;quot;description&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Medical condition&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;pageprops&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wikibase_item&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Q1581308&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;pagelanguage&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;en&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;targetFrom&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;}" class="cx-link" id="mwMQ" title="Conductive hearing loss">kpuribu din jand</a>i shihibu, bee din gabi.<ref name="Kim2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kim KS|title=Occupational hearing loss in Korea|language=en|journal=Journal of Korean Medical Science|volume=25|issue=Suppl|pages=S62–9|date=December 2010|pmid=21258593|pmc=3023345|doi=10.3346/jkms.2010.25.s.s62}}</ref> Di kpeei yahi gba nyɛla din ni tooi nye din bala bee n kpe yɔɣu Kpuribu din yi palo.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Kpuribu doro ŋɔ ni tooi chaŋ n-dɔli doro kamani [[tinnitus]] (din nahingbana n nye kumsim bihi m be tiba puuni la).<ref name="Kim2010" /> Vuri pam wumbu din kumsim sahi bee n yaɣi 80 hali ni 85 decibels saha waɣala nyɛla din tooi tahiri ŋa na.<ref name="CDC2023" /><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref name="Them2013">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa|last2=Suter|first2=Alice|last3=Stephenson|first3=Mark|name-list-style=vanc|date=2013|title=National Research Agenda for the Prevention of Occupational Hearing Loss—Part 1|journal=Seminars in Hearing|language=en|volume=34|issue=3|pages=145–207|doi=10.1055/s-0033-1349351}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 02003L0010-20190726 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02003L0010-20190726|access-date=2023-02-03|website=eur-lex.europa.eu|language=en|archive-date=2023-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207191328/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02003L0010-20190726|url-status=live}}</ref> Din gba ni tooi tahi ŋa n nye kɛmikals bee daŋa.<ref name="CDC2023">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|title=CDC - NIOSH Topic: Occupational Hearing Loss (OHL) Surveillance|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=2016-03-28|archive-date=2020-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016212353/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Johnson AC, Morata TC|date=2010|title=Occupational exposure to chemicals and hearing impairment. The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals.|url=https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|journal=Arbete och Hälsa|volume=44|issue=4|page=177|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2020-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019223316/https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> kɛmikals shɛŋa din mali barina tiba kpuribu polo n nye styrene bee toluene bee lead bee mercury bee carbon monoxide n ti pahi hydrogen cyanide.<ref name="CDC2023" /> Daŋsi ni tooi yina di yi ti niŋ ka binshɛɣu taai buɣum bee ka binshɛɣu din diri pam ŋmaai nira bee buɣum din yirina kuriti ni nyooi nira tiba puuni.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Doro ŋɔ vihi n-nya dɔlila audiometry.<ref name="Mir2018">{{Cite journal|last=Mirza|first=R|last2=Kirchner|first2=DB|last3=Dobie|first3=RA|last4=Crawford|first4=J|last5=ACOEM Task Force on Occupational Hearing|first5=Loss|title=Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.|journal=Journal of occupational and environmental medicine|date=September 2018|volume=60|issue=9|pages=e498-e501|doi=10.1097/JOM.0000000000001423|pmid=30095587}}</ref> Zalikpana kamani salo di tumdi luɣi shɛŋa vuri pam ni bɛni bee sali maŋmaŋa kpuribu tahibu sɔya kamani; [[Personal protective equipment|maŋmaŋa kpuribu tahibu nɛma]], kamani Vuritahirisi bee n zaŋdi kɛmikals din ka barina n zaani din mali barina n ti wumbu zaashee nyɛla din mali anfaani pam <ref name="Tik2017">{{Cite journal|last=Tikka|first=Christina|last2=Verbeek|first2=Jos H|last3=Kateman|first3=Erik|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C|last5=Dreschler|first5=Wouter A|last6=Ferrite|first6=Silvia|date=2017-07-07|editor-last=Cochrane Work Group|title=Interventions to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|language=en|volume=2019|issue=1|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|pmc=6353150|pmid=28685503}}</ref><ref name="NIOSH2018">{{Cite web|title=Preventing hearing loss caused by chemical (ototoxicity) and noise exposure.|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health|access-date=1 February 2023|language=en|doi=10.26616/nioshpub2018124|date=1 March 2018|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707104544/http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United States, organizations such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) work to reduce hearing hazards through a hierarchy of controls.<ref name="Them2019">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa L.|last2=Masterson|first2=Elizabeth A.|date=2019|title=Occupational noise exposure: A review of its effects, epidemiology, and impact with recommendations for reducing its burden|url=http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|journal=The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America|language=en|volume=146|issue=5|pages=3879–3905|doi=10.1121/1.5134465|pmid=31795665|bibcode=2019ASAJ..146.3879T|issn=0001-4966|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2022-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728194621/http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|url-status=live}}</ref> Occupational hearing loss is one of the most common work-related illnesses in the [[America|United States]].<ref name="Them2013" /> At least 16% of significant hearing loss in adults globally is due to occupational exposures.<ref name="Them2019" /> Among people working in the United States it represents more than half of cases.<ref name="Them2019" /> Industries with the highest levels of hearing loss include [[mining]], manufacturing, and construction.<ref name="Them2019" /> As of 2016 in the United States, 17% of those involved with mining, 16% of those involved in construction, and 14% of those involved in manufacturing had hearing problems.<ref name="Mast2016">{{Cite journal|title=Hearing Impairment Among Noise-Exposed Workers — United States, 2003–2012 {{pipe}} MMWR|journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report|volume=65|issue=15|pages=389–394|doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm6515a2|pmid=27101435|year=2016|last=Masterson|first=Elizabeth A.|last2=Bushnell|first2=P. Timothy|last3=Themann|first3=Christa L.|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C.|doi-access=free}}</ref> Industries with lower rates of problems include police, firefighters, and paramedics at 7%.<ref name="Mast2016" /> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] 1r0uzi6plg81nwtgknuh8s3n9s1g7h8 132626 132624 2026-04-18T12:44:12Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1479343|Occupational hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Occupational_hearing_loss |synonym = |image =Prevalence of Hearing Loss by Time Period and Industry Sector, 1981 - 2010 for 1,816,812 workers.png |image_size =400px |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =Rates of hearing loss in workers in various sectors in the United States by time period<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Masterson EA, Deddens JA, Themann CL, Bertke S, Calvert GM | title = Trends in worker hearing loss by industry sector, 1981-2010 | journal = American Journal of Industrial Medicine | volume = 58 | issue = 4 | pages = 392–401 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25690583 | pmc = 4557728 | doi = 10.1002/ajim.22429 }}</ref> |pronounce = |specialty =[[Occupational and Environmental Medicine]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[tinnitus|ringing in the ears]]<ref name=Kim2010/> |onset = |duration = |causes =[[Industrial noise]], exposure to chemicals, injury<ref name=CDC2023/><ref name=Kim2010/> |risks =Working in [[mining]], [[manufacturing]], [[construction]]<ref name=Them2019/> |diagnosis =[[Audiometry]]<ref name=Mir2018/> |differential = |prevention =Laws requiring lower noise levels; [[personal protective equipment]] ([[earplug]]s); replacing toxic chemicals with safer ones<ref name=Tik2017/> |treatment = |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Common<ref name=Them2013/> |deaths = }}Kpuribu din yirina tuma ni Nyɛla [[Kpuribu]] niri ni yen nya o ni tuma tumbu shee chuuta nima zuɣu.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Di balibu nima zooya, kamani, kpuribu din jandi zuɣupuri tuma, <a href="./Conductive_hearing_loss" rel="mw:WikiLink" data-linkid="79" data-cx="{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;sourceTitle&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Conductive hearing loss&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;thumbnail&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ear-anatomy-text-small-en.svg/120px-Ear-anatomy-text-small-en.svg.png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:80,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:61},&amp;quot;description&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Medical condition&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;pageprops&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wikibase_item&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Q1581308&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;pagelanguage&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;en&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;targetFrom&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;}" class="cx-link" id="mwMQ" title="Conductive hearing loss">kpuribu din jand</a>i shihibu, bee din gabi.<ref name="Kim2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kim KS|title=Occupational hearing loss in Korea|language=en|journal=Journal of Korean Medical Science|volume=25|issue=Suppl|pages=S62–9|date=December 2010|pmid=21258593|pmc=3023345|doi=10.3346/jkms.2010.25.s.s62}}</ref> Di kpeei yahi gba nyɛla din ni tooi nye din bala bee n kpe yɔɣu Kpuribu din yi palo.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Kpuribu doro ŋɔ ni tooi chaŋ n-dɔli doro kamani [[tinnitus]] (din nahingbana n nye kumsim bihi m be tiba puuni la).<ref name="Kim2010" /> Vuri pam wumbu din kumsim sahi bee n yaɣi 80 hali ni 85 decibels saha waɣala nyɛla din tooi tahiri ŋa na.<ref name="CDC2023" /><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref name="Them2013">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa|last2=Suter|first2=Alice|last3=Stephenson|first3=Mark|name-list-style=vanc|date=2013|title=National Research Agenda for the Prevention of Occupational Hearing Loss—Part 1|journal=Seminars in Hearing|language=en|volume=34|issue=3|pages=145–207|doi=10.1055/s-0033-1349351}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 02003L0010-20190726 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02003L0010-20190726|access-date=2023-02-03|website=eur-lex.europa.eu|language=en|archive-date=2023-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207191328/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02003L0010-20190726|url-status=live}}</ref> Din gba ni tooi tahi ŋa n nye kɛmikals bee daŋa.<ref name="CDC2023">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|title=CDC - NIOSH Topic: Occupational Hearing Loss (OHL) Surveillance|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=2016-03-28|archive-date=2020-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016212353/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Johnson AC, Morata TC|date=2010|title=Occupational exposure to chemicals and hearing impairment. The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals.|url=https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|journal=Arbete och Hälsa|volume=44|issue=4|page=177|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2020-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019223316/https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> kɛmikals shɛŋa din mali barina tiba kpuribu polo n nye styrene bee toluene bee lead bee mercury bee carbon monoxide n ti pahi hydrogen cyanide.<ref name="CDC2023" /> Daŋsi ni tooi yina di yi ti niŋ ka binshɛɣu taai buɣum bee ka binshɛɣu din diri pam ŋmaai nira bee buɣum din yirina kuriti ni nyooi nira tiba puuni.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Doro ŋɔ vihi n-nya dɔlila audiometry.<ref name="Mir2018">{{Cite journal|last=Mirza|first=R|last2=Kirchner|first2=DB|last3=Dobie|first3=RA|last4=Crawford|first4=J|last5=ACOEM Task Force on Occupational Hearing|first5=Loss|title=Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.|journal=Journal of occupational and environmental medicine|date=September 2018|volume=60|issue=9|pages=e498-e501|doi=10.1097/JOM.0000000000001423|pmid=30095587}}</ref> Zalikpana kamani salo di tumdi luɣi shɛŋa vuri pam ni bɛni bee sali maŋmaŋa kpuribu tahibu sɔya kamani; [[Personal protective equipment|maŋmaŋa kpuribu tahibu nɛma]], kamani Vuritahirisi bee n zaŋdi kɛmikals din ka barina n zaani din mali barina n ti wumbu zaashee nyɛla din mali anfaani pam <ref name="Tik2017">{{Cite journal|last=Tikka|first=Christina|last2=Verbeek|first2=Jos H|last3=Kateman|first3=Erik|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C|last5=Dreschler|first5=Wouter A|last6=Ferrite|first6=Silvia|date=2017-07-07|editor-last=Cochrane Work Group|title=Interventions to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|language=en|volume=2019|issue=1|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|pmc=6353150|pmid=28685503}}</ref><ref name="NIOSH2018">{{Cite web|title=Preventing hearing loss caused by chemical (ototoxicity) and noise exposure.|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health|access-date=1 February 2023|language=en|doi=10.26616/nioshpub2018124|date=1 March 2018|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707104544/http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|url-status=live}}</ref> Kpuribu din yirina tuma nyɛla dɔri shɛli din tooi yirina tuma tumbu shee<ref name="Them2013" /> At least 16% of significant hearing loss in adults globally is due to occupational exposures.<ref name="Them2019">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa L.|last2=Masterson|first2=Elizabeth A.|date=2019|title=Occupational noise exposure: A review of its effects, epidemiology, and impact with recommendations for reducing its burden|url=http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|journal=The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America|language=en|volume=146|issue=5|pages=3879–3905|doi=10.1121/1.5134465|pmid=31795665|bibcode=2019ASAJ..146.3879T|issn=0001-4966|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2022-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728194621/http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|url-status=live}}</ref> Among people working in the United States it represents more than half of cases.<ref name="Them2019" /> Industries with the highest levels of hearing loss include [[mining]], manufacturing, and construction.<ref name="Them2019" /> As of 2016 in the United States, 17% of those involved with mining, 16% of those involved in construction, and 14% of those involved in manufacturing had hearing problems.<ref name="Mast2016">{{Cite journal|title=Hearing Impairment Among Noise-Exposed Workers — United States, 2003–2012 {{pipe}} MMWR|journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report|volume=65|issue=15|pages=389–394|doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm6515a2|pmid=27101435|year=2016|last=Masterson|first=Elizabeth A.|last2=Bushnell|first2=P. Timothy|last3=Themann|first3=Christa L.|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C.|doi-access=free}}</ref> Industries with lower rates of problems include police, firefighters, and paramedics at 7%.<ref name="Mast2016" /> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] rk6tevomh8lk25l5lj4tgxim2lh0enc 132627 132626 2026-04-18T12:46:27Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1479343|Occupational hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Occupational_hearing_loss |synonym = |image =Prevalence of Hearing Loss by Time Period and Industry Sector, 1981 - 2010 for 1,816,812 workers.png |image_size =400px |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =Rates of hearing loss in workers in various sectors in the United States by time period<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Masterson EA, Deddens JA, Themann CL, Bertke S, Calvert GM | title = Trends in worker hearing loss by industry sector, 1981-2010 | journal = American Journal of Industrial Medicine | volume = 58 | issue = 4 | pages = 392–401 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25690583 | pmc = 4557728 | doi = 10.1002/ajim.22429 }}</ref> |pronounce = |specialty =[[Occupational and Environmental Medicine]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[tinnitus|ringing in the ears]]<ref name=Kim2010/> |onset = |duration = |causes =[[Industrial noise]], exposure to chemicals, injury<ref name=CDC2023/><ref name=Kim2010/> |risks =Working in [[mining]], [[manufacturing]], [[construction]]<ref name=Them2019/> |diagnosis =[[Audiometry]]<ref name=Mir2018/> |differential = |prevention =Laws requiring lower noise levels; [[personal protective equipment]] ([[earplug]]s); replacing toxic chemicals with safer ones<ref name=Tik2017/> |treatment = |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Common<ref name=Them2013/> |deaths = }}Kpuribu din yirina tuma ni Nyɛla [[Kpuribu]] niri ni yen nya o ni tuma tumbu shee chuuta nima zuɣu.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Di balibu nima zooya, kamani, kpuribu din jandi zuɣupuri tuma, <a href="./Conductive_hearing_loss" rel="mw:WikiLink" data-linkid="79" data-cx="{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;sourceTitle&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Conductive hearing loss&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;thumbnail&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ear-anatomy-text-small-en.svg/120px-Ear-anatomy-text-small-en.svg.png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:80,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:61},&amp;quot;description&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Medical condition&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;pageprops&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wikibase_item&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Q1581308&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;pagelanguage&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;en&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;targetFrom&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;}" class="cx-link" id="mwMQ" title="Conductive hearing loss">kpuribu din jand</a>i shihibu, bee din gabi.<ref name="Kim2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kim KS|title=Occupational hearing loss in Korea|language=en|journal=Journal of Korean Medical Science|volume=25|issue=Suppl|pages=S62–9|date=December 2010|pmid=21258593|pmc=3023345|doi=10.3346/jkms.2010.25.s.s62}}</ref> Di kpeei yahi gba nyɛla din ni tooi nye din bala bee n kpe yɔɣu Kpuribu din yi palo.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Kpuribu doro ŋɔ ni tooi chaŋ n-dɔli doro kamani [[tinnitus]] (din nahingbana n nye kumsim bihi m be tiba puuni la).<ref name="Kim2010" /> Vuri pam wumbu din kumsim sahi bee n yaɣi 80 hali ni 85 decibels saha waɣala nyɛla din tooi tahiri ŋa na.<ref name="CDC2023" /><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref name="Them2013">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa|last2=Suter|first2=Alice|last3=Stephenson|first3=Mark|name-list-style=vanc|date=2013|title=National Research Agenda for the Prevention of Occupational Hearing Loss—Part 1|journal=Seminars in Hearing|language=en|volume=34|issue=3|pages=145–207|doi=10.1055/s-0033-1349351}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 02003L0010-20190726 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02003L0010-20190726|access-date=2023-02-03|website=eur-lex.europa.eu|language=en|archive-date=2023-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207191328/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02003L0010-20190726|url-status=live}}</ref> Din gba ni tooi tahi ŋa n nye kɛmikals bee daŋa.<ref name="CDC2023">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|title=CDC - NIOSH Topic: Occupational Hearing Loss (OHL) Surveillance|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=2016-03-28|archive-date=2020-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016212353/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Johnson AC, Morata TC|date=2010|title=Occupational exposure to chemicals and hearing impairment. The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals.|url=https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|journal=Arbete och Hälsa|volume=44|issue=4|page=177|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2020-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019223316/https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> kɛmikals shɛŋa din mali barina tiba kpuribu polo n nye styrene bee toluene bee lead bee mercury bee carbon monoxide n ti pahi hydrogen cyanide.<ref name="CDC2023" /> Daŋsi ni tooi yina di yi ti niŋ ka binshɛɣu taai buɣum bee ka binshɛɣu din diri pam ŋmaai nira bee buɣum din yirina kuriti ni nyooi nira tiba puuni.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Doro ŋɔ vihi n-nya dɔlila audiometry.<ref name="Mir2018">{{Cite journal|last=Mirza|first=R|last2=Kirchner|first2=DB|last3=Dobie|first3=RA|last4=Crawford|first4=J|last5=ACOEM Task Force on Occupational Hearing|first5=Loss|title=Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.|journal=Journal of occupational and environmental medicine|date=September 2018|volume=60|issue=9|pages=e498-e501|doi=10.1097/JOM.0000000000001423|pmid=30095587}}</ref> Zalikpana kamani salo di tumdi luɣi shɛŋa vuri pam ni bɛni bee sali maŋmaŋa kpuribu tahibu sɔya kamani; [[Personal protective equipment|maŋmaŋa kpuribu tahibu nɛma]], kamani Vuritahirisi bee n zaŋdi kɛmikals din ka barina n zaani din mali barina n ti wumbu zaashee nyɛla din mali anfaani pam <ref name="Tik2017">{{Cite journal|last=Tikka|first=Christina|last2=Verbeek|first2=Jos H|last3=Kateman|first3=Erik|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C|last5=Dreschler|first5=Wouter A|last6=Ferrite|first6=Silvia|date=2017-07-07|editor-last=Cochrane Work Group|title=Interventions to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|language=en|volume=2019|issue=1|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|pmc=6353150|pmid=28685503}}</ref><ref name="NIOSH2018">{{Cite web|title=Preventing hearing loss caused by chemical (ototoxicity) and noise exposure.|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health|access-date=1 February 2023|language=en|doi=10.26616/nioshpub2018124|date=1 March 2018|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707104544/http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|url-status=live}}</ref> Kpuribu din yirina tuma nyɛla dɔri shɛli din tooi yirina tuma tumbu shee<ref name="Them2013" /> Kamani Kɔbgu ni, vaabu pia ni ayɔbu sala ban sahi nira ka kpuri nyɛla ban nye kpuribu maa bɛ tuma shee <ref name="Them2019">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa L.|last2=Masterson|first2=Elizabeth A.|date=2019|title=Occupational noise exposure: A review of its effects, epidemiology, and impact with recommendations for reducing its burden|url=http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|journal=The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America|language=en|volume=146|issue=5|pages=3879–3905|doi=10.1121/1.5134465|pmid=31795665|bibcode=2019ASAJ..146.3879T|issn=0001-4966|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2022-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728194621/http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|url-status=live}}</ref> Among people working in the United States it represents more than half of cases.<ref name="Them2019" /> Industries with the highest levels of hearing loss include [[mining]], manufacturing, and construction.<ref name="Them2019" /> As of 2016 in the United States, 17% of those involved with mining, 16% of those involved in construction, and 14% of those involved in manufacturing had hearing problems.<ref name="Mast2016">{{Cite journal|title=Hearing Impairment Among Noise-Exposed Workers — United States, 2003–2012 {{pipe}} MMWR|journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report|volume=65|issue=15|pages=389–394|doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm6515a2|pmid=27101435|year=2016|last=Masterson|first=Elizabeth A.|last2=Bushnell|first2=P. Timothy|last3=Themann|first3=Christa L.|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C.|doi-access=free}}</ref> Industries with lower rates of problems include police, firefighters, and paramedics at 7%.<ref name="Mast2016" /> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] oyckdwdu1mrrzbarl808j5lp2gfpc2b 132628 132627 2026-04-18T12:50:23Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1479343|Occupational hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Occupational_hearing_loss |synonym = |image =Prevalence of Hearing Loss by Time Period and Industry Sector, 1981 - 2010 for 1,816,812 workers.png |image_size =400px |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =Rates of hearing loss in workers in various sectors in the United States by time period<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Masterson EA, Deddens JA, Themann CL, Bertke S, Calvert GM | title = Trends in worker hearing loss by industry sector, 1981-2010 | journal = American Journal of Industrial Medicine | volume = 58 | issue = 4 | pages = 392–401 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25690583 | pmc = 4557728 | doi = 10.1002/ajim.22429 }}</ref> |pronounce = |specialty =[[Occupational and Environmental Medicine]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[tinnitus|ringing in the ears]]<ref name=Kim2010/> |onset = |duration = |causes =[[Industrial noise]], exposure to chemicals, injury<ref name=CDC2023/><ref name=Kim2010/> |risks =Working in [[mining]], [[manufacturing]], [[construction]]<ref name=Them2019/> |diagnosis =[[Audiometry]]<ref name=Mir2018/> |differential = |prevention =Laws requiring lower noise levels; [[personal protective equipment]] ([[earplug]]s); replacing toxic chemicals with safer ones<ref name=Tik2017/> |treatment = |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Common<ref name=Them2013/> |deaths = }}Kpuribu din yirina tuma ni Nyɛla [[Kpuribu]] niri ni yen nya o ni tuma tumbu shee chuuta nima zuɣu.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Di balibu nima zooya, kamani, kpuribu din jandi zuɣupuri tuma, <a href="./Conductive_hearing_loss" rel="mw:WikiLink" data-linkid="79" data-cx="{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;sourceTitle&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Conductive hearing loss&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;thumbnail&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ear-anatomy-text-small-en.svg/120px-Ear-anatomy-text-small-en.svg.png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:80,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:61},&amp;quot;description&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Medical condition&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;pageprops&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wikibase_item&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Q1581308&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;pagelanguage&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;en&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;targetFrom&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;}" class="cx-link" id="mwMQ" title="Conductive hearing loss">kpuribu din jand</a>i shihibu, bee din gabi.<ref name="Kim2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kim KS|title=Occupational hearing loss in Korea|language=en|journal=Journal of Korean Medical Science|volume=25|issue=Suppl|pages=S62–9|date=December 2010|pmid=21258593|pmc=3023345|doi=10.3346/jkms.2010.25.s.s62}}</ref> Di kpeei yahi gba nyɛla din ni tooi nye din bala bee n kpe yɔɣu Kpuribu din yi palo.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Kpuribu doro ŋɔ ni tooi chaŋ n-dɔli doro kamani [[tinnitus]] (din nahingbana n nye kumsim bihi m be tiba puuni la).<ref name="Kim2010" /> Vuri pam wumbu din kumsim sahi bee n yaɣi 80 hali ni 85 decibels saha waɣala nyɛla din tooi tahiri ŋa na.<ref name="CDC2023" /><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref name="Them2013">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa|last2=Suter|first2=Alice|last3=Stephenson|first3=Mark|name-list-style=vanc|date=2013|title=National Research Agenda for the Prevention of Occupational Hearing Loss—Part 1|journal=Seminars in Hearing|language=en|volume=34|issue=3|pages=145–207|doi=10.1055/s-0033-1349351}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 02003L0010-20190726 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02003L0010-20190726|access-date=2023-02-03|website=eur-lex.europa.eu|language=en|archive-date=2023-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207191328/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02003L0010-20190726|url-status=live}}</ref> Din gba ni tooi tahi ŋa n nye kɛmikals bee daŋa.<ref name="CDC2023">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|title=CDC - NIOSH Topic: Occupational Hearing Loss (OHL) Surveillance|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=2016-03-28|archive-date=2020-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016212353/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Johnson AC, Morata TC|date=2010|title=Occupational exposure to chemicals and hearing impairment. The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals.|url=https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|journal=Arbete och Hälsa|volume=44|issue=4|page=177|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2020-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019223316/https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> kɛmikals shɛŋa din mali barina tiba kpuribu polo n nye styrene bee toluene bee lead bee mercury bee carbon monoxide n ti pahi hydrogen cyanide.<ref name="CDC2023" /> Daŋsi ni tooi yina di yi ti niŋ ka binshɛɣu taai buɣum bee ka binshɛɣu din diri pam ŋmaai nira bee buɣum din yirina kuriti ni nyooi nira tiba puuni.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Doro ŋɔ vihi n-nya dɔlila audiometry.<ref name="Mir2018">{{Cite journal|last=Mirza|first=R|last2=Kirchner|first2=DB|last3=Dobie|first3=RA|last4=Crawford|first4=J|last5=ACOEM Task Force on Occupational Hearing|first5=Loss|title=Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.|journal=Journal of occupational and environmental medicine|date=September 2018|volume=60|issue=9|pages=e498-e501|doi=10.1097/JOM.0000000000001423|pmid=30095587}}</ref> Zalikpana kamani salo di tumdi luɣi shɛŋa vuri pam ni bɛni bee sali maŋmaŋa kpuribu tahibu sɔya kamani; [[Personal protective equipment|maŋmaŋa kpuribu tahibu nɛma]], kamani Vuritahirisi bee n zaŋdi kɛmikals din ka barina n zaani din mali barina n ti wumbu zaashee nyɛla din mali anfaani pam <ref name="Tik2017">{{Cite journal|last=Tikka|first=Christina|last2=Verbeek|first2=Jos H|last3=Kateman|first3=Erik|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C|last5=Dreschler|first5=Wouter A|last6=Ferrite|first6=Silvia|date=2017-07-07|editor-last=Cochrane Work Group|title=Interventions to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|language=en|volume=2019|issue=1|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|pmc=6353150|pmid=28685503}}</ref><ref name="NIOSH2018">{{Cite web|title=Preventing hearing loss caused by chemical (ototoxicity) and noise exposure.|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health|access-date=1 February 2023|language=en|doi=10.26616/nioshpub2018124|date=1 March 2018|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707104544/http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|url-status=live}}</ref> Kpuribu din yirina tuma nyɛla dɔri shɛli din tooi yirina tuma tumbu shee<ref name="Them2013" /> Kamani Kɔbgu ni, vaabu pia ni ayɔbu sala ban sahi nira ka kpuri nyɛla ban nye kpuribu maa bɛ tuma shee <ref name="Them2019">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa L.|last2=Masterson|first2=Elizabeth A.|date=2019|title=Occupational noise exposure: A review of its effects, epidemiology, and impact with recommendations for reducing its burden|url=http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|journal=The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America|language=en|volume=146|issue=5|pages=3879–3905|doi=10.1121/1.5134465|pmid=31795665|bibcode=2019ASAJ..146.3879T|issn=0001-4966|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2022-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728194621/http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|url-status=live}}</ref> Tuma din tuma mali vuri pamka tooi kpuriti di tuum tumdiba n nye [[Mining|Salima gbibu tuma]] bee Binyara malibu tuma n ti pahi Mɛbumɛbu tuma.<ref name="Them2019" /> As of 2016 in the United States, 17% of those involved with mining, 16% of those involved in construction, and 14% of those involved in manufacturing had hearing problems.<ref name="Mast2016">{{Cite journal|title=Hearing Impairment Among Noise-Exposed Workers — United States, 2003–2012 {{pipe}} MMWR|journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report|volume=65|issue=15|pages=389–394|doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm6515a2|pmid=27101435|year=2016|last=Masterson|first=Elizabeth A.|last2=Bushnell|first2=P. Timothy|last3=Themann|first3=Christa L.|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C.|doi-access=free}}</ref> Industries with lower rates of problems include police, firefighters, and paramedics at 7%.<ref name="Mast2016" /> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] iu5fkk6f1i1qnjqhfsr8ptm8emjwe4v 132629 132628 2026-04-18T12:54:54Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1479343|Occupational hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132629 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Occupational_hearing_loss |synonym = |image =Prevalence of Hearing Loss by Time Period and Industry Sector, 1981 - 2010 for 1,816,812 workers.png |image_size =400px |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =Rates of hearing loss in workers in various sectors in the United States by time period<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Masterson EA, Deddens JA, Themann CL, Bertke S, Calvert GM | title = Trends in worker hearing loss by industry sector, 1981-2010 | journal = American Journal of Industrial Medicine | volume = 58 | issue = 4 | pages = 392–401 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25690583 | pmc = 4557728 | doi = 10.1002/ajim.22429 }}</ref> |pronounce = |specialty =[[Occupational and Environmental Medicine]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[tinnitus|ringing in the ears]]<ref name=Kim2010/> |onset = |duration = |causes =[[Industrial noise]], exposure to chemicals, injury<ref name=CDC2023/><ref name=Kim2010/> |risks =Working in [[mining]], [[manufacturing]], [[construction]]<ref name=Them2019/> |diagnosis =[[Audiometry]]<ref name=Mir2018/> |differential = |prevention =Laws requiring lower noise levels; [[personal protective equipment]] ([[earplug]]s); replacing toxic chemicals with safer ones<ref name=Tik2017/> |treatment = |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Common<ref name=Them2013/> |deaths = }}Kpuribu din yirina tuma ni Nyɛla [[Kpuribu]] niri ni yen nya o ni tuma tumbu shee chuuta nima zuɣu.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Di balibu nima zooya, kamani, kpuribu din jandi zuɣupuri tuma, <a href="./Conductive_hearing_loss" rel="mw:WikiLink" data-linkid="79" data-cx="{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;sourceTitle&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Conductive hearing loss&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;thumbnail&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ear-anatomy-text-small-en.svg/120px-Ear-anatomy-text-small-en.svg.png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:80,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:61},&amp;quot;description&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Medical condition&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;pageprops&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wikibase_item&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Q1581308&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;pagelanguage&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;en&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;targetFrom&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;}" class="cx-link" id="mwMQ" title="Conductive hearing loss">kpuribu din jand</a>i shihibu, bee din gabi.<ref name="Kim2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kim KS|title=Occupational hearing loss in Korea|language=en|journal=Journal of Korean Medical Science|volume=25|issue=Suppl|pages=S62–9|date=December 2010|pmid=21258593|pmc=3023345|doi=10.3346/jkms.2010.25.s.s62}}</ref> Di kpeei yahi gba nyɛla din ni tooi nye din bala bee n kpe yɔɣu Kpuribu din yi palo.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Kpuribu doro ŋɔ ni tooi chaŋ n-dɔli doro kamani [[tinnitus]] (din nahingbana n nye kumsim bihi m be tiba puuni la).<ref name="Kim2010" /> Vuri pam wumbu din kumsim sahi bee n yaɣi 80 hali ni 85 decibels saha waɣala nyɛla din tooi tahiri ŋa na.<ref name="CDC2023" /><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref name="Them2013">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa|last2=Suter|first2=Alice|last3=Stephenson|first3=Mark|name-list-style=vanc|date=2013|title=National Research Agenda for the Prevention of Occupational Hearing Loss—Part 1|journal=Seminars in Hearing|language=en|volume=34|issue=3|pages=145–207|doi=10.1055/s-0033-1349351}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 02003L0010-20190726 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02003L0010-20190726|access-date=2023-02-03|website=eur-lex.europa.eu|language=en|archive-date=2023-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207191328/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02003L0010-20190726|url-status=live}}</ref> Din gba ni tooi tahi ŋa n nye kɛmikals bee daŋa.<ref name="CDC2023">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|title=CDC - NIOSH Topic: Occupational Hearing Loss (OHL) Surveillance|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=2016-03-28|archive-date=2020-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016212353/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Johnson AC, Morata TC|date=2010|title=Occupational exposure to chemicals and hearing impairment. The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals.|url=https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|journal=Arbete och Hälsa|volume=44|issue=4|page=177|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2020-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019223316/https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> kɛmikals shɛŋa din mali barina tiba kpuribu polo n nye styrene bee toluene bee lead bee mercury bee carbon monoxide n ti pahi hydrogen cyanide.<ref name="CDC2023" /> Daŋsi ni tooi yina di yi ti niŋ ka binshɛɣu taai buɣum bee ka binshɛɣu din diri pam ŋmaai nira bee buɣum din yirina kuriti ni nyooi nira tiba puuni.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Doro ŋɔ vihi n-nya dɔlila audiometry.<ref name="Mir2018">{{Cite journal|last=Mirza|first=R|last2=Kirchner|first2=DB|last3=Dobie|first3=RA|last4=Crawford|first4=J|last5=ACOEM Task Force on Occupational Hearing|first5=Loss|title=Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.|journal=Journal of occupational and environmental medicine|date=September 2018|volume=60|issue=9|pages=e498-e501|doi=10.1097/JOM.0000000000001423|pmid=30095587}}</ref> Zalikpana kamani salo di tumdi luɣi shɛŋa vuri pam ni bɛni bee sali maŋmaŋa kpuribu tahibu sɔya kamani; [[Personal protective equipment|maŋmaŋa kpuribu tahibu nɛma]], kamani Vuritahirisi bee n zaŋdi kɛmikals din ka barina n zaani din mali barina n ti wumbu zaashee nyɛla din mali anfaani pam <ref name="Tik2017">{{Cite journal|last=Tikka|first=Christina|last2=Verbeek|first2=Jos H|last3=Kateman|first3=Erik|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C|last5=Dreschler|first5=Wouter A|last6=Ferrite|first6=Silvia|date=2017-07-07|editor-last=Cochrane Work Group|title=Interventions to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|language=en|volume=2019|issue=1|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|pmc=6353150|pmid=28685503}}</ref><ref name="NIOSH2018">{{Cite web|title=Preventing hearing loss caused by chemical (ototoxicity) and noise exposure.|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health|access-date=1 February 2023|language=en|doi=10.26616/nioshpub2018124|date=1 March 2018|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707104544/http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|url-status=live}}</ref> Kpuribu din yirina tuma nyɛla dɔri shɛli din tooi yirina tuma tumbu shee<ref name="Them2013" /> Kamani Kɔbgu ni, vaabu pia ni ayɔbu sala ban sahi nira ka kpuri nyɛla ban nye kpuribu maa bɛ tuma shee <ref name="Them2019">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa L.|last2=Masterson|first2=Elizabeth A.|date=2019|title=Occupational noise exposure: A review of its effects, epidemiology, and impact with recommendations for reducing its burden|url=http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|journal=The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America|language=en|volume=146|issue=5|pages=3879–3905|doi=10.1121/1.5134465|pmid=31795665|bibcode=2019ASAJ..146.3879T|issn=0001-4966|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2022-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728194621/http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|url-status=live}}</ref> Tuma din tuma mali vuri pam ka tooi kpuriti di tuum tumdiba n nye [[Mining|Salima gbibu tuma]] bee Binyara malibu tuma n ti pahi Mɛbumɛbu tuma.<ref name="Them2019" />Tuma din tuma din dii bi tooi tahiri kpuribu na n nye Pirinsi tuma bee Buɣum tuhi ku tuma n ti pahi Ashibiti tuma <ref name="Mast2016">{{Cite journal|title=Hearing Impairment Among Noise-Exposed Workers — United States, 2003–2012 {{pipe}} MMWR|journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report|volume=65|issue=15|pages=389–394|doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm6515a2|pmid=27101435|year=2016|last=Masterson|first=Elizabeth A.|last2=Bushnell|first2=P. Timothy|last3=Themann|first3=Christa L.|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C.|doi-access=free}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] pdefzlsi1ajfflkb3np0sji9vou4kd7 132630 132629 2026-04-18T12:58:06Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1479343|Occupational hearing loss]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Occupational_hearing_loss |synonym = |image =Prevalence of Hearing Loss by Time Period and Industry Sector, 1981 - 2010 for 1,816,812 workers.png |image_size =400px |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =Rates of hearing loss in workers in various sectors in the United States by time period<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Masterson EA, Deddens JA, Themann CL, Bertke S, Calvert GM | title = Trends in worker hearing loss by industry sector, 1981-2010 | journal = American Journal of Industrial Medicine | volume = 58 | issue = 4 | pages = 392–401 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25690583 | pmc = 4557728 | doi = 10.1002/ajim.22429 }}</ref> |pronounce = |specialty =[[Occupational and Environmental Medicine]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[tinnitus|ringing in the ears]]<ref name=Kim2010/> |onset = |duration = |causes =[[Industrial noise]], exposure to chemicals, injury<ref name=CDC2023/><ref name=Kim2010/> |risks =Working in [[mining]], [[manufacturing]], [[construction]]<ref name=Them2019/> |diagnosis =[[Audiometry]]<ref name=Mir2018/> |differential = |prevention =Laws requiring lower noise levels; [[personal protective equipment]] ([[earplug]]s); replacing toxic chemicals with safer ones<ref name=Tik2017/> |treatment = |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Common<ref name=Them2013/> |deaths = }}Kpuribu din yirina tuma ni Nyɛla [[Kpuribu]] niri ni yen nya o ni tuma tumbu shee chuuta nima zuɣu.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Di balibu nima zooya, kamani, kpuribu din jandi zuɣupuri tuma, kpuribu din jandi shihibu, bee din gabi.<ref name="Kim2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kim KS|title=Occupational hearing loss in Korea|language=en|journal=Journal of Korean Medical Science|volume=25|issue=Suppl|pages=S62–9|date=December 2010|pmid=21258593|pmc=3023345|doi=10.3346/jkms.2010.25.s.s62}}</ref> Di kpeei yahi gba nyɛla din ni tooi nye din bala bee n kpe yɔɣu Kpuribu din yi palo.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Kpuribu doro ŋɔ ni tooi chaŋ n-dɔli doro kamani [[tinnitus]] (din nahingbana n nye kumsim bihi m be tiba puuni la).<ref name="Kim2010" /> Vuri pam wumbu din kumsim sahi bee n yaɣi 80 hali ni 85 decibels saha waɣala nyɛla din tooi tahiri ŋa na.<ref name="CDC2023" /><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref name="Them2013">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa|last2=Suter|first2=Alice|last3=Stephenson|first3=Mark|name-list-style=vanc|date=2013|title=National Research Agenda for the Prevention of Occupational Hearing Loss—Part 1|journal=Seminars in Hearing|language=en|volume=34|issue=3|pages=145–207|doi=10.1055/s-0033-1349351}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 02003L0010-20190726 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02003L0010-20190726|access-date=2023-02-03|website=eur-lex.europa.eu|language=en|archive-date=2023-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207191328/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02003L0010-20190726|url-status=live}}</ref> Din gba ni tooi tahi ŋa n nye kɛmikals bee daŋa.<ref name="CDC2023">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|title=CDC - NIOSH Topic: Occupational Hearing Loss (OHL) Surveillance|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=2016-03-28|archive-date=2020-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016212353/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Johnson AC, Morata TC|date=2010|title=Occupational exposure to chemicals and hearing impairment. The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals.|url=https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|journal=Arbete och Hälsa|volume=44|issue=4|page=177|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2020-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019223316/https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> kɛmikals shɛŋa din mali barina tiba kpuribu polo n nye styrene bee toluene bee lead bee mercury bee carbon monoxide n ti pahi hydrogen cyanide.<ref name="CDC2023" /> Daŋsi ni tooi yina di yi ti niŋ ka binshɛɣu taai buɣum bee ka binshɛɣu din diri pam ŋmaai nira bee buɣum din yirina kuriti ni nyooi nira tiba puuni.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Doro ŋɔ vihi n-nya dɔlila audiometry.<ref name="Mir2018">{{Cite journal|last=Mirza|first=R|last2=Kirchner|first2=DB|last3=Dobie|first3=RA|last4=Crawford|first4=J|last5=ACOEM Task Force on Occupational Hearing|first5=Loss|title=Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.|journal=Journal of occupational and environmental medicine|date=September 2018|volume=60|issue=9|pages=e498-e501|doi=10.1097/JOM.0000000000001423|pmid=30095587}}</ref> Zalikpana kamani salo di tumdi luɣi shɛŋa vuri pam ni bɛni bee sali maŋmaŋa kpuribu tahibu sɔya kamani; [[Personal protective equipment|maŋmaŋa kpuribu tahibu nɛma]], kamani Vuritahirisi bee n zaŋdi kɛmikals din ka barina n zaani din mali barina n ti wumbu zaashee nyɛla din mali anfaani pam <ref name="Tik2017">{{Cite journal|last=Tikka|first=Christina|last2=Verbeek|first2=Jos H|last3=Kateman|first3=Erik|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C|last5=Dreschler|first5=Wouter A|last6=Ferrite|first6=Silvia|date=2017-07-07|editor-last=Cochrane Work Group|title=Interventions to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|language=en|volume=2019|issue=1|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|pmc=6353150|pmid=28685503}}</ref><ref name="NIOSH2018">{{Cite web|title=Preventing hearing loss caused by chemical (ototoxicity) and noise exposure.|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health|access-date=1 February 2023|language=en|doi=10.26616/nioshpub2018124|date=1 March 2018|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707104544/http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|url-status=live}}</ref> Kpuribu din yirina tuma nyɛla dɔri shɛli din tooi yirina tuma tumbu shee<ref name="Them2013" /> Kamani Kɔbgu ni, vaabu pia ni ayɔbu sala ban sahi nira ka kpuri nyɛla ban nye kpuribu maa bɛ tuma shee <ref name="Them2019">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa L.|last2=Masterson|first2=Elizabeth A.|date=2019|title=Occupational noise exposure: A review of its effects, epidemiology, and impact with recommendations for reducing its burden|url=http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|journal=The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America|language=en|volume=146|issue=5|pages=3879–3905|doi=10.1121/1.5134465|pmid=31795665|bibcode=2019ASAJ..146.3879T|issn=0001-4966|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2022-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728194621/http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|url-status=live}}</ref> Tuma din tuma mali vuri pam ka tooi kpuriti di tuum tumdiba n nye [[Mining|Salima gbibu tuma]] bee Binyara malibu tuma n ti pahi Mɛbumɛbu tuma.<ref name="Them2019" />Tuma din tuma din dii bi tooi tahiri kpuribu na n nye Pirinsi tuma bee Buɣum tuhi ku tuma n ti pahi Ashibiti tuma <ref name="Mast2016">{{Cite journal|title=Hearing Impairment Among Noise-Exposed Workers — United States, 2003–2012 {{pipe}} MMWR|journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report|volume=65|issue=15|pages=389–394|doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm6515a2|pmid=27101435|year=2016|last=Masterson|first=Elizabeth A.|last2=Bushnell|first2=P. Timothy|last3=Themann|first3=Christa L.|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C.|doi-access=free}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] nhh1pzd5aql8y4u5wily79m7j1ph15f 132637 132630 2026-04-18T13:41:25Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 132637 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Occupational_hearing_loss |synonym = |image =Prevalence of Hearing Loss by Time Period and Industry Sector, 1981 - 2010 for 1,816,812 workers.png |image_size =400px |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =Rates of hearing loss in workers in various sectors in the United States by time period<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Masterson EA, Deddens JA, Themann CL, Bertke S, Calvert GM | title = Trends in worker hearing loss by industry sector, 1981-2010 | journal = American Journal of Industrial Medicine | volume = 58 | issue = 4 | pages = 392–401 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25690583 | pmc = 4557728 | doi = 10.1002/ajim.22429 }}</ref> |pronounce = |specialty =[[Occupational and Environmental Medicine]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[tinnitus|ringing in the ears]]<ref name=Kim2010/> |onset = |duration = |causes =[[Industrial noise]], exposure to chemicals, injury<ref name=CDC2023/><ref name=Kim2010/> |risks =Working in [[mining]], [[manufacturing]], [[construction]]<ref name=Them2019/> |diagnosis =[[Audiometry]]<ref name=Mir2018/> |differential = |prevention =Laws requiring lower noise levels; [[personal protective equipment]] ([[earplug]]s); replacing toxic chemicals with safer ones<ref name=Tik2017/> |treatment = |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Common<ref name=Them2013/> |deaths = }}Kpuribu din yirina tuma ni Nyɛla [[Kpuribu]] niri ni yen nya o tuma tumbu shee chuuta nima zuɣu.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Di balibu nima zooya, kamani, kpuribu din jandi zuɣupuri tuma, kpuribu din jandi shihibu, bee din gabi.<ref name="Kim2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kim KS|title=Occupational hearing loss in Korea|language=en|journal=Journal of Korean Medical Science|volume=25|issue=Suppl|pages=S62–9|date=December 2010|pmid=21258593|pmc=3023345|doi=10.3346/jkms.2010.25.s.s62}}</ref> Di kpeei yahi gba nyɛla din ni tooi nye din bala bee n kpe yɔɣu Kpuribu din yi palo.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Kpuribu doro ŋɔ ni tooi chaŋ n-dɔli doro kamani [[tinnitus]] (din nahingbana n nye kumsim bihi m be tiba puuni la).<ref name="Kim2010" /> Vuri pam wumbu din kumsim sahi bee n yaɣi 80 hali ni 85 decibels saha waɣala nyɛla din tooi tahiri ŋa na.<ref name="CDC2023" /><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref name="Them2013">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa|last2=Suter|first2=Alice|last3=Stephenson|first3=Mark|name-list-style=vanc|date=2013|title=National Research Agenda for the Prevention of Occupational Hearing Loss—Part 1|journal=Seminars in Hearing|language=en|volume=34|issue=3|pages=145–207|doi=10.1055/s-0033-1349351}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 02003L0010-20190726 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02003L0010-20190726|access-date=2023-02-03|website=eur-lex.europa.eu|language=en|archive-date=2023-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207191328/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02003L0010-20190726|url-status=live}}</ref> Din gba ni tooi tahi ŋa n nye kɛmikals bee daŋa.<ref name="CDC2023">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|title=CDC - NIOSH Topic: Occupational Hearing Loss (OHL) Surveillance|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=2016-03-28|archive-date=2020-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016212353/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Johnson AC, Morata TC|date=2010|title=Occupational exposure to chemicals and hearing impairment. The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals.|url=https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|journal=Arbete och Hälsa|volume=44|issue=4|page=177|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2020-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019223316/https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> kɛmikals shɛŋa din mali barina tiba kpuribu polo n nye styrene bee toluene bee lead bee mercury bee carbon monoxide n ti pahi hydrogen cyanide.<ref name="CDC2023" /> Daŋsi ni tooi yina di yi ti niŋ ka binshɛɣu taai buɣum bee ka binshɛɣu din diri pam ŋmaai nira bee buɣum din yirina kuriti ni nyooi nira tiba puuni.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Doro ŋɔ vihi n-nya dɔlila audiometry.<ref name="Mir2018">{{Cite journal|last=Mirza|first=R|last2=Kirchner|first2=DB|last3=Dobie|first3=RA|last4=Crawford|first4=J|last5=ACOEM Task Force on Occupational Hearing|first5=Loss|title=Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.|journal=Journal of occupational and environmental medicine|date=September 2018|volume=60|issue=9|pages=e498-e501|doi=10.1097/JOM.0000000000001423|pmid=30095587}}</ref> Zalikpana kamani salo di tumdi luɣi shɛŋa vuri pam ni bɛni bee sali maŋmaŋa kpuribu tahibu sɔya kamani; [[Personal protective equipment|maŋmaŋa kpuribu tahibu nɛma]], kamani Vuritahirisi bee n zaŋdi kɛmikals din ka barina n zaani din mali barina n ti wumbu zaashee nyɛla din mali anfaani pam <ref name="Tik2017">{{Cite journal|last=Tikka|first=Christina|last2=Verbeek|first2=Jos H|last3=Kateman|first3=Erik|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C|last5=Dreschler|first5=Wouter A|last6=Ferrite|first6=Silvia|date=2017-07-07|editor-last=Cochrane Work Group|title=Interventions to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|language=en|volume=2019|issue=1|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|pmc=6353150|pmid=28685503}}</ref><ref name="NIOSH2018">{{Cite web|title=Preventing hearing loss caused by chemical (ototoxicity) and noise exposure.|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health|access-date=1 February 2023|language=en|doi=10.26616/nioshpub2018124|date=1 March 2018|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707104544/http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|url-status=live}}</ref> Kpuribu din yirina tuma nyɛla dɔri shɛli din tooi yirina tuma tumbu shee<ref name="Them2013" /> Kamani Kɔbgu ni, vaabu pia ni ayɔbu sala ban sahi nira ka kpuri nyɛla ban nye kpuribu maa bɛ tuma shee <ref name="Them2019">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa L.|last2=Masterson|first2=Elizabeth A.|date=2019|title=Occupational noise exposure: A review of its effects, epidemiology, and impact with recommendations for reducing its burden|url=http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|journal=The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America|language=en|volume=146|issue=5|pages=3879–3905|doi=10.1121/1.5134465|pmid=31795665|bibcode=2019ASAJ..146.3879T|issn=0001-4966|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2022-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728194621/http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|url-status=live}}</ref> Tuma din tuma mali vuri pam ka tooi kpuriti di tuum tumdiba n nye [[Mining|Salima gbibu tuma]] bee Binyara malibu tuma n ti pahi Mɛbumɛbu tuma.<ref name="Them2019" />Tuma din tuma din dii bi tooi tahiri kpuribu na n nye Pirinsi tuma bee Buɣum tuhi ku tuma n ti pahi Ashibiti tuma <ref name="Mast2016">{{Cite journal|title=Hearing Impairment Among Noise-Exposed Workers — United States, 2003–2012 {{pipe}} MMWR|journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report|volume=65|issue=15|pages=389–394|doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm6515a2|pmid=27101435|year=2016|last=Masterson|first=Elizabeth A.|last2=Bushnell|first2=P. Timothy|last3=Themann|first3=Christa L.|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C.|doi-access=free}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] owd5g2b1tdd8x35j1z13ucgy0y4ll4u 132668 132637 2026-04-18T16:45:51Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 132668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Occupational_hearing_loss |synonym = |image =Prevalence of Hearing Loss by Time Period and Industry Sector, 1981 - 2010 for 1,816,812 workers.png |image_size =400px |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =Rates of hearing loss in workers in various sectors in the United States by time period<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Masterson EA, Deddens JA, Themann CL, Bertke S, Calvert GM | title = Trends in worker hearing loss by industry sector, 1981-2010 | journal = American Journal of Industrial Medicine | volume = 58 | issue = 4 | pages = 392–401 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25690583 | pmc = 4557728 | doi = 10.1002/ajim.22429 }}</ref> |pronounce = |specialty =[[Occupational and Environmental Medicine]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[tinnitus|ringing in the ears]]<ref name=Kim2010/> |onset = |duration = |causes =[[Industrial noise]], exposure to chemicals, injury<ref name=CDC2023/><ref name=Kim2010/> |risks =Working in [[mining]], [[manufacturing]], [[construction]]<ref name=Them2019/> |diagnosis =[[Audiometry]]<ref name=Mir2018/> |differential = |prevention =Laws requiring lower noise levels; [[personal protective equipment]] ([[earplug]]s); replacing toxic chemicals with safer ones<ref name=Tik2017/> |treatment = |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Common<ref name=Them2013/> |deaths = }}Kpuribu din yirina tuma ni Nyɛla [[Kpuribu]] niri ni yen nya o tuma tumbu shee chuuta nima zuɣu.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Di balibu nima zooya, kamani, kpuribu din jandi zuɣupuri tuma, kpuribu din jandi shihibu, bee din gabi.<ref name="Kim2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kim KS|title=Occupational hearing loss in Korea|language=en|journal=Journal of Korean Medical Science|volume=25|issue=Suppl|pages=S62–9|date=December 2010|pmid=21258593|pmc=3023345|doi=10.3346/jkms.2010.25.s.s62}}</ref> Di kpeei yahi gba nyɛla din ni tooi nye din bala bee n kpe yɔɣu Kpuribu din yi palo.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Kpuribu doro ŋɔ ni tooi chaŋ n-dɔli doro kamani [[tinnitus]] (din nahingbana n nye kumsim bihi m be tiba puuni la).<ref name="Kim2010" /> Vuri pam wumbu din kumsim sahi bee n yaɣi 80 hali ni 85 decibels saha waɣala nyɛla din tooi tahiri ŋa na.<ref name="CDC2023" /><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref name="Them2013">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa|last2=Suter|first2=Alice|last3=Stephenson|first3=Mark|name-list-style=vanc|date=2013|title=National Research Agenda for the Prevention of Occupational Hearing Loss—Part 1|journal=Seminars in Hearing|language=en|volume=34|issue=3|pages=145–207|doi=10.1055/s-0033-1349351}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 02003L0010-20190726 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02003L0010-20190726|access-date=2023-02-03|website=eur-lex.europa.eu|language=en|archive-date=2023-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207191328/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02003L0010-20190726|url-status=live}}</ref> Din gba ni tooi tahi ŋa n nye kɛmikals bee daŋa.<ref name="CDC2023">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|title=CDC - NIOSH Topic: Occupational Hearing Loss (OHL) Surveillance|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=2016-03-28|archive-date=2020-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016212353/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ohl/default.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kim2010" /><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Johnson AC, Morata TC|date=2010|title=Occupational exposure to chemicals and hearing impairment. The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals.|url=https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|journal=Arbete och Hälsa|volume=44|issue=4|page=177|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2020-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019223316/https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/23240/1/gupea_2077_23240_1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> kɛmikals shɛŋa din mali barina tiba kpuribu polo n nye styrene bee toluene bee lead bee mercury bee carbon monoxide n ti pahi hydrogen cyanide.<ref name="CDC2023" /> Daŋsi ni tooi yina di yi ti niŋ ka binshɛɣu taai buɣum bee ka binshɛɣu din diri pam ŋmaai nira bee buɣum din yirina kuriti ni nyooi nira tiba puuni.<ref name="Kim2010" /> Doro ŋɔ vihi n-nya dɔlila audiometry.<ref name="Mir2018">{{Cite journal|last=Mirza|first=R|last2=Kirchner|first2=DB|last3=Dobie|first3=RA|last4=Crawford|first4=J|last5=ACOEM Task Force on Occupational Hearing|first5=Loss|title=Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.|journal=Journal of occupational and environmental medicine|date=September 2018|volume=60|issue=9|pages=e498-e501|doi=10.1097/JOM.0000000000001423|pmid=30095587}}</ref> Zalikpana kamani salo di tumdi luɣi shɛŋa vuri pam ni bɛni bee sali maŋmaŋa kpuribu tahibu sɔya kamani; [[Personal protective equipment|maŋmaŋa kpuribu tahibu nɛma]], kamani Vuritahirisi bee n zaŋdi kɛmikals din ka barina n zaani din mali barina n ti wumbu zaashee nyɛla din mali anfaani pam <ref name="Tik2017">{{Cite journal|last=Tikka|first=Christina|last2=Verbeek|first2=Jos H|last3=Kateman|first3=Erik|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C|last5=Dreschler|first5=Wouter A|last6=Ferrite|first6=Silvia|date=2017-07-07|editor-last=Cochrane Work Group|title=Interventions to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|language=en|volume=2019|issue=1|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4|pmc=6353150|pmid=28685503}}</ref><ref name="NIOSH2018">{{Cite web|title=Preventing hearing loss caused by chemical (ototoxicity) and noise exposure.|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health|access-date=1 February 2023|language=en|doi=10.26616/nioshpub2018124|date=1 March 2018|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707104544/http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-124/pdfs/2018-124.pdf?id=10.26616%2FNIOSHPUB2018124|url-status=live}}</ref> Kpuribu din yirina tuma nyɛla dɔri shɛli din tooi yirina tuma tumbu shee<ref name="Them2013" /> Kamani Kɔbgu ni, vaabu pia ni ayɔbu sala ban sahi nira ka kpuri nyɛla ban nye kpuribu maa bɛ tuma shee <ref name="Them2019">{{Cite journal|last=Themann|first=Christa L.|last2=Masterson|first2=Elizabeth A.|date=2019|title=Occupational noise exposure: A review of its effects, epidemiology, and impact with recommendations for reducing its burden|url=http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|journal=The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America|language=en|volume=146|issue=5|pages=3879–3905|doi=10.1121/1.5134465|pmid=31795665|bibcode=2019ASAJ..146.3879T|issn=0001-4966|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2022-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728194621/http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134465|url-status=live}}</ref> Tuma din tuma mali vuri pam ka tooi kpuriti di tuum tumdiba n nye [[Mining|Salima gbibu tuma]] bee Binyara malibu tuma n ti pahi Mɛbumɛbu tuma.<ref name="Them2019" />Tuma din tuma din dii bi tooi tahiri kpuribu na n nye Pirinsi tuma bee Buɣum tuhi ku tuma n ti pahi Ashibiti tuma <ref name="Mast2016">{{Cite journal|title=Hearing Impairment Among Noise-Exposed Workers — United States, 2003–2012 {{pipe}} MMWR|journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report|volume=65|issue=15|pages=389–394|doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm6515a2|pmid=27101435|year=2016|last=Masterson|first=Elizabeth A.|last2=Bushnell|first2=P. Timothy|last3=Themann|first3=Christa L.|last4=Morata|first4=Thais C.|doi-access=free}}</ref> == Kundivihira == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] ns33gxmut3tyg7jpl57qt8kvin9cp13 Vaginal yeast infection 0 33008 132623 2026-04-18T12:34:27Z Jahibia 2003 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456793|Vaginal yeast infection]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Kpaɣu Piɛliga |synonym = |image =Vaginal wet mount of candidal vulvovaginitis.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =Paɣa tooni ko piɛligu zahimbu din wuhiri "candida albicans" |pronounce = |specialty =Paɣaba paɣatali |symptoms =Tooni zaɣisibu, Biɛrim dulim dulimbu sheei, Ko piɛligu yibu na paɣa tooni, Biɛrim paɣa ni doo laɣimbu sheei, tooni moobu<ref name=WH2014/> |onset = |duration = |causes =Di yi niŋ ka binneein shɛba ban be paɣa tooni la zoo yaɣi<ref name=WH2014/> |risks =Ti shɛŋa din kuri ningbuna ni binnɛma valibu, puli, shikiri doro,HIV/AIDS<ref name=Lancet2007/> |diagnosis =Ko piɛligu din yiri paɣa tooni vihibu<ref name=WH2014/> |differential ="chlamydia", "gonorrhea", "bacterial vaginosis" <ref name=Epi2011/><ref name=WH2014/> |prevention = |treatment =Ti shɛŋa din che ka "yeast" zoobu baligira paɣa tooni, di ni boli shɛli "Anti Fungal agents" la<ref name=CDC2006/> |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =75% paɣaba bi biɛhigu puuni<ref name=WH2014/> |deaths = }} '''Kpaɣu Piɛliga''', di ni lahi mi shɛli "vaginal thrush" nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka binnɛma shɛli di ni boli "yeast" la zoo yaɣi di ni tuu ni bi zoogi shɛm paɣa tooni, ka nyɛ din tahiri zaɣisigu na saha shɛŋa mii, biɛrim.<ref name="Andrews2006">{{Cite book|last=James, William D.|last2=Berger, Timothy G.|title=Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology|publisher=Saunders Elsevier|year=2006|page=309|isbn=0-7216-2921-0|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref name="WH2014">{{Cite web|title=Vaginal yeast infections fact sheet|url=http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/vaginal-yeast-infections.html?from=AtoZ|website=womenshealth.gov|access-date=5 March 2015|date=December 23, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150304034823/http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/vaginal-yeast-infections.html?from=AtoZ|archive-date=4 March 2015}}</ref> Di nahingbani kpeeni, n nyɛ tooni zaɣisibu, ka saha shɛŋa zaɣisigu ŋo tooi nye din mali yaa pam.<ref name="WH2014" /> Nahingban shɛŋa din pahi n nyɛ, biɛrim dulim dulimbu sheei, ka ko piɛligu yirina paɣa tooni, ka lala ko piɛligu maa ka ʒiɛɣu, biɛrim paɣa mini doo laɣimbu sheei, nti pahi paɣa tooni moobu.<ref name="WH2014" /> Lala nahingbana ŋo nyɛla din kpaŋsira beei din pahira dabisi bihi poi ka paɣa naan yi nya o sorilim<ref name="Lancet2007">{{Cite journal|last=Sobel|first=JD|title=Vulvovaginal candidosis.|journal=Lancet|date=9 June 2007|volume=369|issue=9577|pages=1961–71|pmid=17560449|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60917-9}}</ref> Din tahiri kpaɣi piɛliga na nyɛmi di yi ti niŋ ka binnɛma shɛli dini boli "yeast", din zoogi ka di be paɣa tooni la zoo yaɣi di ni tu shɛm.<ref name="WH2014" /> Lala yeast ŋo nyɛla ban be paɣa tooni, amaa ka bi kalinli bi galisi<ref name="WH2014" /> Kpaɣa piɛliga pala bini zaŋ shɛli pahi paɣaba ni dabba laɣimbu doriti la ni, amaa di nyɛla din zoogi ka di mali ninvuɣ'shɛba ban mini dabba laɣindi pam.<ref name="WH2014" /><ref name="Lancet2007" /> Yɛli shɛŋa din ni tooi che ka doro ŋo ni gbaagi nira ka di bi to n nye , ti shɛŋa dini boli "antibiotics" la (din nye din kuri binnema ninsali ningbuna ni ) valibu, puli, shikiri doro, nti pahi HIV/AIDS.<ref name="Lancet2007" /> Shikiri ni zoogi bindiri shɛŋa ni dibu gba nyɛla din ni tooi tahi li na.<ref name="WH2014" /> Neen shɛŋa din mirisira, piɛto bali shɛli niri ni sora, nti pahi maŋ sabita niŋbu pala din pahi lala yɛla ŋo zuɣu.<ref name="Lancet2007" /> Poi ka bi ti yɛli ni nira mali doro ŋo, bi yɛn zahimla ko piɛliga shɛli din yiri o tooni na, n nye binneen shɛba ban be di ni.<ref name="WH2014" /> Dama doro ŋo nahingban chaŋ mi nti ŋmani paɣaba ni dabba laɣimbu doriti la puuni shɛli, di zuɣu zahimbu nyɛla din niŋ talahi poi ka bi naanyi yɛli ni niri mali lala doro maa.<ref name="WH2014" /> Bini zaŋ gumdi mali piɛto shɛŋa , ni neen shɛli din bi mirisira nyɛla bi ni wuhi ni niriba niŋ binyɛri shɛŋa din yen gu ba ka che lala doro maa, amaa vihigu kani din dihi lala yeltoɣa ŋo tabili.<ref name="WH2014" /><ref name="Lancet2007" /> Di lahi tu ni nira che chibo zaŋ paɣi o tooni, ni kpa shɛŋa bee tulaale shɛŋa paɣaba ni niŋdi n niŋdi bi tooni ka di nyo vum la niŋbu.<ref name="WH2014" /> Bi mali tim din kuri lala "yeast" ŋo bee din baligiri di zoobu, n mali tibiri kpaɣi piɛliga.<ref name="CDC2006" /> Lala tim ŋo ni tooi nye kpam din ʒiɛra, beei ti vaana.<ref name="CDC2006">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Workowski KA, Berman SM|title=Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2006|journal=MMWR Recomm Rep|volume=55|issue=RR-11|pages=1–94|date=August 2006|pmid=16888612|url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5511a1.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020212427/http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5511a1.htm|archive-date=2014-10-20}}</ref> Ti shɛŋa din che ka binnɛma zoobu bala niri ningbuna ni, dini boli shɛli "probiotics" la, pala din mali bukaata pam doro ŋo tibu ni.<ref name="Abad2009">{{Cite journal|last=Abad|first=CL|last2=Safdar, N|title=The role of lactobacillus probiotics in the treatment or prevention of urogenital infections – a systematic review.|journal=Journal of Chemotherapy (Florence, Italy)|date=June 2009|volume=21|issue=3|pages=243–52|pmid=19567343|doi=10.1179/joc.2009.21.3.243}}</ref> Di yi pu paɣaba, kobigi puuni vaabu pihiyopoin naanu(75%) nyɛla ban na mini mali kpaɣi piɛliga, yim bi biɛhigu ni, ka paɣaba pirigili nyɛ ban na mini mali li, buyi zuɣu.<ref name="WH2014" /><ref name="Mari2000" /> Paɣaba kobigi puuni vaabiu dibaanu (5%) , nyɛla ban nyɛri kpaɣa piɛliga ka di gari buta zuɣu yuuni puli ni.<ref name="Mari2000">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Egan ME, Lipsky MS|title=Diagnosis of vaginitis|journal=Am Fam Physician|volume=62|issue=5|pages=1095–104|date=September 2000|pmid=10997533|url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000901/1095.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606054114/http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000901/1095.html|archive-date=2011-06-06}}</ref> Kpaɣa piɛliga pahila buyi, dori shɛŋa din tahiri morilim beei biɛrim na paɣa ooni, ka di ni boli shɛli "bacterial vaginosis<nowiki>''</nowiki> la do yim zuɣu.<ref name="Epi2011">{{Cite journal|last=Ilkit|first=M|last2=Guzel, AB|title=The epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidosis: a mycological perspective|journal=Critical Reviews in Microbiology|date=August 2011|volume=37|issue=3|pages=250–61|pmid=21599498|doi=10.3109/1040841X.2011.576332}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] ikeb3zl7h7ybo9mzyxqdt5a8owqvofm 132625 132623 2026-04-18T12:35:15Z Jahibia 2003 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456793|Vaginal yeast infection]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Kpaɣu Piɛliga |synonym = |image =Vaginal wet mount of candidal vulvovaginitis.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =Paɣa tooni ko piɛligu zahimbu din wuhiri "candida albicans" |pronounce = |specialty =Paɣaba paɣatali |symptoms =Tooni zaɣisibu, Biɛrim dulim dulimbu sheei, Ko piɛligu yibu na paɣa tooni, Biɛrim paɣa ni doo laɣimbu sheei, tooni moobu<ref name=WH2014/> |onset = |duration = |causes =Di yi niŋ ka binneein shɛba ban be paɣa tooni la zoo yaɣi<ref name=WH2014/> |risks =Ti shɛŋa din kuri ningbuna ni binnɛma valibu, puli, shikiri doro,HIV/AIDS<ref name=Lancet2007/> |diagnosis =Ko piɛligu din yiri paɣa tooni vihibu<ref name=WH2014/> |differential ="chlamydia", "gonorrhea", "bacterial vaginosis" <ref name=Epi2011/><ref name=WH2014/> |prevention = |treatment =Ti shɛŋa din che ka "yeast" zoobu baligira paɣa tooni, di ni boli shɛli "Anti Fungal agents" la<ref name=CDC2006/> |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =75% paɣaba bi biɛhigu puuni<ref name=WH2014/> |deaths = }} '''Kpaɣu Piɛliga''', di ni lahi mi shɛli "vaginal thrush" nyɛla di yi ti niŋ ka binnɛma shɛli di ni boli "yeast" la zoo yaɣi di ni tuu ni bi zoogi shɛm paɣa tooni, ka nyɛ din tahiri zaɣisigu na saha shɛŋa mii, biɛrim.<ref name="Andrews2006">{{Cite book|last=James, William D.|last2=Berger, Timothy G.|title=Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology|publisher=Saunders Elsevier|year=2006|page=309|isbn=0-7216-2921-0|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref name="WH2014">{{Cite web|title=Vaginal yeast infections fact sheet|url=http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/vaginal-yeast-infections.html?from=AtoZ|website=womenshealth.gov|access-date=5 March 2015|date=December 23, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150304034823/http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/vaginal-yeast-infections.html?from=AtoZ|archive-date=4 March 2015}}</ref> Di nahingbani kpeeni, n nyɛ tooni zaɣisibu, ka saha shɛŋa zaɣisigu ŋo tooi nye din mali yaa pam.<ref name="WH2014" /> Nahingban shɛŋa din pahi n nyɛ, biɛrim dulim dulimbu sheei, ka ko piɛligu yirina paɣa tooni, ka lala ko piɛligu maa ka ʒiɛɣu, biɛrim paɣa mini doo laɣimbu sheei, nti pahi paɣa tooni moobu.<ref name="WH2014" /> Lala nahingbana ŋo nyɛla din kpaŋsira beei din pahira dabisi bihi poi ka paɣa naan yi nya o sorilim<ref name="Lancet2007">{{Cite journal|last=Sobel|first=JD|title=Vulvovaginal candidosis.|journal=Lancet|date=9 June 2007|volume=369|issue=9577|pages=1961–71|pmid=17560449|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60917-9}}</ref> Din tahiri kpaɣu piɛliga na nyɛmi di yi ti niŋ ka binnɛma shɛli dini boli "yeast", din zoogi ka di be paɣa tooni la zoo yaɣi di ni tu shɛm.<ref name="WH2014" /> Lala yeast ŋo nyɛla ban be paɣa tooni, amaa ka bi kalinli bi galisi<ref name="WH2014" /> Kpaɣa piɛliga pala bini zaŋ shɛli pahi paɣaba ni dabba laɣimbu doriti la ni, amaa di nyɛla din zoogi ka di mali ninvuɣ'shɛba ban mini dabba laɣindi pam.<ref name="WH2014" /><ref name="Lancet2007" /> Yɛli shɛŋa din ni tooi che ka doro ŋo ni gbaagi nira ka di bi to n nye , ti shɛŋa dini boli "antibiotics" la (din nye din kuri binnema ninsali ningbuna ni ) valibu, puli, shikiri doro, nti pahi HIV/AIDS.<ref name="Lancet2007" /> Shikiri ni zoogi bindiri shɛŋa ni dibu gba nyɛla din ni tooi tahi li na.<ref name="WH2014" /> Neen shɛŋa din mirisira, piɛto bali shɛli niri ni sora, nti pahi maŋ sabita niŋbu pala din pahi lala yɛla ŋo zuɣu.<ref name="Lancet2007" /> Poi ka bi ti yɛli ni nira mali doro ŋo, bi yɛn zahimla ko piɛliga shɛli din yiri o tooni na, n nye binneen shɛba ban be di ni.<ref name="WH2014" /> Dama doro ŋo nahingban chaŋ mi nti ŋmani paɣaba ni dabba laɣimbu doriti la puuni shɛli, di zuɣu zahimbu nyɛla din niŋ talahi poi ka bi naanyi yɛli ni niri mali lala doro maa.<ref name="WH2014" /> Bini zaŋ gumdi mali piɛto shɛŋa , ni neen shɛli din bi mirisira nyɛla bi ni wuhi ni niriba niŋ binyɛri shɛŋa din yen gu ba ka che lala doro maa, amaa vihigu kani din dihi lala yeltoɣa ŋo tabili.<ref name="WH2014" /><ref name="Lancet2007" /> Di lahi tu ni nira che chibo zaŋ paɣi o tooni, ni kpa shɛŋa bee tulaale shɛŋa paɣaba ni niŋdi n niŋdi bi tooni ka di nyo vum la niŋbu.<ref name="WH2014" /> Bi mali tim din kuri lala "yeast" ŋo bee din baligiri di zoobu, n mali tibiri kpaɣi piɛliga.<ref name="CDC2006" /> Lala tim ŋo ni tooi nye kpam din ʒiɛra, beei ti vaana.<ref name="CDC2006">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Workowski KA, Berman SM|title=Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2006|journal=MMWR Recomm Rep|volume=55|issue=RR-11|pages=1–94|date=August 2006|pmid=16888612|url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5511a1.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020212427/http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5511a1.htm|archive-date=2014-10-20}}</ref> Ti shɛŋa din che ka binnɛma zoobu bala niri ningbuna ni, dini boli shɛli "probiotics" la, pala din mali bukaata pam doro ŋo tibu ni.<ref name="Abad2009">{{Cite journal|last=Abad|first=CL|last2=Safdar, N|title=The role of lactobacillus probiotics in the treatment or prevention of urogenital infections – a systematic review.|journal=Journal of Chemotherapy (Florence, Italy)|date=June 2009|volume=21|issue=3|pages=243–52|pmid=19567343|doi=10.1179/joc.2009.21.3.243}}</ref> Di yi pu paɣaba, kobigi puuni vaabu pihiyopoin naanu(75%) nyɛla ban na mini mali kpaɣi piɛliga, yim bi biɛhigu ni, ka paɣaba pirigili nyɛ ban na mini mali li, buyi zuɣu.<ref name="WH2014" /><ref name="Mari2000" /> Paɣaba kobigi puuni vaabiu dibaanu (5%) , nyɛla ban nyɛri kpaɣa piɛliga ka di gari buta zuɣu yuuni puli ni.<ref name="Mari2000">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Egan ME, Lipsky MS|title=Diagnosis of vaginitis|journal=Am Fam Physician|volume=62|issue=5|pages=1095–104|date=September 2000|pmid=10997533|url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000901/1095.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606054114/http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000901/1095.html|archive-date=2011-06-06}}</ref> Kpaɣa piɛliga pahila buyi, dori shɛŋa din tahiri morilim beei biɛrim na paɣa ooni, ka di ni boli shɛli "bacterial vaginosis<nowiki>''</nowiki> la do yim zuɣu.<ref name="Epi2011">{{Cite journal|last=Ilkit|first=M|last2=Guzel, AB|title=The epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidosis: a mycological perspective|journal=Critical Reviews in Microbiology|date=August 2011|volume=37|issue=3|pages=250–61|pmid=21599498|doi=10.3109/1040841X.2011.576332}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] fz8w3fgnk1eyzzxi13z617pduwcxszu Tiba ʒino binyɛra 0 33009 132631 2026-04-18T13:27:15Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1458516|Ear foreign body]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name ={{PAGENAME}} |synonym =Foreign object in the ear, external auditory canal foreign body |image =EarFB.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =In red is the typical location of a foreign body in the ear |pronounce = |specialty =[[Otorhinolaryngology|ENT surgery]] |symptoms =None, ear pain, ear discharge, decreased hearing<ref name=Oy2018/> |onset = |duration = |causes = |risks = |diagnosis =Examination<ref name=Oy2018/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =Pain management, removal, antibiotics<ref name=EMD2022/> |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Relatively common (children)<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Ear foreign body''' is a foreign body in the external ear canal.<ref name="EMD2022">{{Cite web|title=PEM Playbook - Foreign Bodies in the Head and Neck|url=http://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|website=emDOCs.net - Emergency Medicine Education|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en|date=30 March 2018|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124014438/https://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|url-status=live}}</ref> Symptoms may vary from none to pain and discharge from the ear.<ref name="Oy2018">{{Cite journal|last=Oyama|first=LC|title=Foreign Bodies of the Ear, Nose and Throat.|journal=Emergency medicine clinics of North America|date=February 2019|volume=37|issue=1|pages=121-130|doi=10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.009|pmid=30454775}}</ref> Hearing may be decreased.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Complications may include [[Farigu|bleeding]] or skin breakdown.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Objects found in the ear may include beads, cotton swabs, paper, sand, insects, and button batteries.<ref name="Mer2022">{{Cite web|title=How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders|url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en-CA|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|url-status=live}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear "How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders"]. ''Merck Manuals Professional Edition''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear Archived] from the original on 30 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Lotterman|first=S|last2=Sohal|first2=M|title=Ear Foreign Body Removal|date=January 2022|pmid=29083719|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Foreign bodies usually become stuck at the narrowing between the cartilage of the pinna of the ear and the bones of the skull.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Diagnosis is generally by examination of the ear with an otoscope.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Warmed 1 to 2% lidocaine liquid may be placed in the ear to help numb it before attempted removal.<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="EMD2022" /> Procedural sedation may also be used to facilitate the procedure.<ref name="Oy2018" /> A number of techniques may be used for the removal itself including suction, irrigation, and forceps.<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="Mer2022" /> Antibiotic ear drops may be used if their are signs of skin breakdown.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Complications of attempted removal may include eardrum perforation.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ear foreign bodies occur relatively commonly.<ref name="Stat2022" /> They occur most often in children and are the most common type of foreign body in this age group.<ref name="AFP2007">{{Cite journal|last=Heim|first=SW|last2=Maughan|first2=KL|title=Foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat.|journal=American family physician|date=15 October 2007|volume=76|issue=8|pages=1185-9|pmid=17990843}}</ref><ref name="Stat2022" /> Descriptions of ear foreign bodies are found in Ancient literature, including the writing of Hippocrates around 400 BC.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Journal of Ophthalmology, Otology, and Laryngology|date=1915|page=419|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|language=en|access-date=2022-05-10|archive-date=2022-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510142229/https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|url-status=live}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] stlb9o0as0dj609fw12lg8hqa2gkl4h 132632 132631 2026-04-18T13:29:18Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1458516|Ear foreign body]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name ={{PAGENAME}} |synonym =Foreign object in the ear, external auditory canal foreign body |image =EarFB.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =In red is the typical location of a foreign body in the ear |pronounce = |specialty =[[Otorhinolaryngology|ENT surgery]] |symptoms =None, ear pain, ear discharge, decreased hearing<ref name=Oy2018/> |onset = |duration = |causes = |risks = |diagnosis =Examination<ref name=Oy2018/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =Pain management, removal, antibiotics<ref name=EMD2022/> |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Relatively common (children)<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tiba ʒino binyɛra''' nyɛla '''ʒino binyɛra''' din kpe in the Tiba vɔya puunil.<ref name="EMD2022">{{Cite web|title=PEM Playbook - Foreign Bodies in the Head and Neck|url=http://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|website=emDOCs.net - Emergency Medicine Education|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en|date=30 March 2018|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124014438/https://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|url-status=live}}</ref> Symptoms may vary from none to pain and discharge from the ear.<ref name="Oy2018">{{Cite journal|last=Oyama|first=LC|title=Foreign Bodies of the Ear, Nose and Throat.|journal=Emergency medicine clinics of North America|date=February 2019|volume=37|issue=1|pages=121-130|doi=10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.009|pmid=30454775}}</ref> Hearing may be decreased.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Complications may include [[Farigu|bleeding]] or skin breakdown.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Objects found in the ear may include beads, cotton swabs, paper, sand, insects, and button batteries.<ref name="Mer2022">{{Cite web|title=How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders|url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en-CA|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|url-status=live}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear "How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders"]. ''Merck Manuals Professional Edition''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear Archived] from the original on 30 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Lotterman|first=S|last2=Sohal|first2=M|title=Ear Foreign Body Removal|date=January 2022|pmid=29083719|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Foreign bodies usually become stuck at the narrowing between the cartilage of the pinna of the ear and the bones of the skull.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Diagnosis is generally by examination of the ear with an otoscope.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Warmed 1 to 2% lidocaine liquid may be placed in the ear to help numb it before attempted removal.<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="EMD2022" /> Procedural sedation may also be used to facilitate the procedure.<ref name="Oy2018" /> A number of techniques may be used for the removal itself including suction, irrigation, and forceps.<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="Mer2022" /> Antibiotic ear drops may be used if their are signs of skin breakdown.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Complications of attempted removal may include eardrum perforation.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ear foreign bodies occur relatively commonly.<ref name="Stat2022" /> They occur most often in children and are the most common type of foreign body in this age group.<ref name="AFP2007">{{Cite journal|last=Heim|first=SW|last2=Maughan|first2=KL|title=Foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat.|journal=American family physician|date=15 October 2007|volume=76|issue=8|pages=1185-9|pmid=17990843}}</ref><ref name="Stat2022" /> Descriptions of ear foreign bodies are found in Ancient literature, including the writing of Hippocrates around 400 BC.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Journal of Ophthalmology, Otology, and Laryngology|date=1915|page=419|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|language=en|access-date=2022-05-10|archive-date=2022-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510142229/https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|url-status=live}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] gzejt1j2403smoj5ytmc0pnruow622z 132633 132632 2026-04-18T13:30:45Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1458516|Ear foreign body]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132633 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name ={{PAGENAME}} |synonym =Foreign object in the ear, external auditory canal foreign body |image =EarFB.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =In red is the typical location of a foreign body in the ear |pronounce = |specialty =[[Otorhinolaryngology|ENT surgery]] |symptoms =None, ear pain, ear discharge, decreased hearing<ref name=Oy2018/> |onset = |duration = |causes = |risks = |diagnosis =Examination<ref name=Oy2018/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =Pain management, removal, antibiotics<ref name=EMD2022/> |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Relatively common (children)<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tiba ʒino binyɛra''' nyɛla '''ʒino binyɛra''' din kpe in the Tiba vɔya puunil.<ref name="EMD2022">{{Cite web|title=PEM Playbook - Foreign Bodies in the Head and Neck|url=http://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|website=emDOCs.net - Emergency Medicine Education|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en|date=30 March 2018|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124014438/https://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|url-status=live}}</ref> Doro ŋɔ nahingbana sh`eŋa n nye biɛrim n ti pahi mari yibina tiba maa puuni.<ref name="Oy2018">{{Cite journal|last=Oyama|first=LC|title=Foreign Bodies of the Ear, Nose and Throat.|journal=Emergency medicine clinics of North America|date=February 2019|volume=37|issue=1|pages=121-130|doi=10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.009|pmid=30454775}}</ref> Hearing may be decreased.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Complications may include [[Farigu|bleeding]] or skin breakdown.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Objects found in the ear may include beads, cotton swabs, paper, sand, insects, and button batteries.<ref name="Mer2022">{{Cite web|title=How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders|url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en-CA|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|url-status=live}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear "How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders"]. ''Merck Manuals Professional Edition''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear Archived] from the original on 30 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Lotterman|first=S|last2=Sohal|first2=M|title=Ear Foreign Body Removal|date=January 2022|pmid=29083719|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Foreign bodies usually become stuck at the narrowing between the cartilage of the pinna of the ear and the bones of the skull.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Diagnosis is generally by examination of the ear with an otoscope.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Warmed 1 to 2% lidocaine liquid may be placed in the ear to help numb it before attempted removal.<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="EMD2022" /> Procedural sedation may also be used to facilitate the procedure.<ref name="Oy2018" /> A number of techniques may be used for the removal itself including suction, irrigation, and forceps.<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="Mer2022" /> Antibiotic ear drops may be used if their are signs of skin breakdown.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Complications of attempted removal may include eardrum perforation.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ear foreign bodies occur relatively commonly.<ref name="Stat2022" /> They occur most often in children and are the most common type of foreign body in this age group.<ref name="AFP2007">{{Cite journal|last=Heim|first=SW|last2=Maughan|first2=KL|title=Foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat.|journal=American family physician|date=15 October 2007|volume=76|issue=8|pages=1185-9|pmid=17990843}}</ref><ref name="Stat2022" /> Descriptions of ear foreign bodies are found in Ancient literature, including the writing of Hippocrates around 400 BC.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Journal of Ophthalmology, Otology, and Laryngology|date=1915|page=419|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|language=en|access-date=2022-05-10|archive-date=2022-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510142229/https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|url-status=live}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] fqnixe3vz96ozn4hv819xdk0vdlwsn7 132634 132633 2026-04-18T13:31:23Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1458516|Ear foreign body]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name ={{PAGENAME}} |synonym =Foreign object in the ear, external auditory canal foreign body |image =EarFB.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =In red is the typical location of a foreign body in the ear |pronounce = |specialty =[[Otorhinolaryngology|ENT surgery]] |symptoms =None, ear pain, ear discharge, decreased hearing<ref name=Oy2018/> |onset = |duration = |causes = |risks = |diagnosis =Examination<ref name=Oy2018/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =Pain management, removal, antibiotics<ref name=EMD2022/> |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Relatively common (children)<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tiba ʒino binyɛra''' nyɛla '''ʒino binyɛra''' din kpe in the Tiba vɔya puunil.<ref name="EMD2022">{{Cite web|title=PEM Playbook - Foreign Bodies in the Head and Neck|url=http://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|website=emDOCs.net - Emergency Medicine Education|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en|date=30 March 2018|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124014438/https://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|url-status=live}}</ref> Doro ŋɔ nahingbana sh`eŋa n nye biɛrim n ti pahi mari yibina tiba maa puuni.<ref name="Oy2018">{{Cite journal|last=Oyama|first=LC|title=Foreign Bodies of the Ear, Nose and Throat.|journal=Emergency medicine clinics of North America|date=February 2019|volume=37|issue=1|pages=121-130|doi=10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.009|pmid=30454775}}</ref> Wumbu nyɛla din ni tooi vuui bela.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Complications may include [[Farigu|bleeding]] or skin breakdown.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Objects found in the ear may include beads, cotton swabs, paper, sand, insects, and button batteries.<ref name="Mer2022">{{Cite web|title=How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders|url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en-CA|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|url-status=live}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear "How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders"]. ''Merck Manuals Professional Edition''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear Archived] from the original on 30 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Lotterman|first=S|last2=Sohal|first2=M|title=Ear Foreign Body Removal|date=January 2022|pmid=29083719|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Foreign bodies usually become stuck at the narrowing between the cartilage of the pinna of the ear and the bones of the skull.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Diagnosis is generally by examination of the ear with an otoscope.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Warmed 1 to 2% lidocaine liquid may be placed in the ear to help numb it before attempted removal.<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="EMD2022" /> Procedural sedation may also be used to facilitate the procedure.<ref name="Oy2018" /> A number of techniques may be used for the removal itself including suction, irrigation, and forceps.<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="Mer2022" /> Antibiotic ear drops may be used if their are signs of skin breakdown.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Complications of attempted removal may include eardrum perforation.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ear foreign bodies occur relatively commonly.<ref name="Stat2022" /> They occur most often in children and are the most common type of foreign body in this age group.<ref name="AFP2007">{{Cite journal|last=Heim|first=SW|last2=Maughan|first2=KL|title=Foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat.|journal=American family physician|date=15 October 2007|volume=76|issue=8|pages=1185-9|pmid=17990843}}</ref><ref name="Stat2022" /> Descriptions of ear foreign bodies are found in Ancient literature, including the writing of Hippocrates around 400 BC.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Journal of Ophthalmology, Otology, and Laryngology|date=1915|page=419|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|language=en|access-date=2022-05-10|archive-date=2022-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510142229/https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|url-status=live}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] gg2efp7py1w172nawmln366qpfyf93n 132636 132634 2026-04-18T13:34:28Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1458516|Ear foreign body]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132636 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name ={{PAGENAME}} |synonym =Foreign object in the ear, external auditory canal foreign body |image =EarFB.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =In red is the typical location of a foreign body in the ear |pronounce = |specialty =[[Otorhinolaryngology|ENT surgery]] |symptoms =None, ear pain, ear discharge, decreased hearing<ref name=Oy2018/> |onset = |duration = |causes = |risks = |diagnosis =Examination<ref name=Oy2018/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =Pain management, removal, antibiotics<ref name=EMD2022/> |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Relatively common (children)<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tiba ʒino binyɛra''' nyɛla '''ʒino binyɛra''' din kpe in the Tiba vɔya puunil.<ref name="EMD2022">{{Cite web|title=PEM Playbook - Foreign Bodies in the Head and Neck|url=http://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|website=emDOCs.net - Emergency Medicine Education|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en|date=30 March 2018|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124014438/https://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|url-status=live}}</ref> Doro ŋɔ nahingbana sh`eŋa n nye biɛrim n ti pahi mari yibina tiba maa puuni.<ref name="Oy2018">{{Cite journal|last=Oyama|first=LC|title=Foreign Bodies of the Ear, Nose and Throat.|journal=Emergency medicine clinics of North America|date=February 2019|volume=37|issue=1|pages=121-130|doi=10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.009|pmid=30454775}}</ref> Wumbu nyɛla din ni tooi vuui bela.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Doro ŋɔ barina shɛŋa n nye [[Farigu|ʒim pampam yibu]] bee ningbuŋ daŋa.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Objects found in the ear may include beads, cotton swabs, paper, sand, insects, and button batteries.<ref name="Mer2022">{{Cite web|title=How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders|url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en-CA|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|url-status=live}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear "How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders"]. ''Merck Manuals Professional Edition''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear Archived] from the original on 30 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Lotterman|first=S|last2=Sohal|first2=M|title=Ear Foreign Body Removal|date=January 2022|pmid=29083719|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Foreign bodies usually become stuck at the narrowing between the cartilage of the pinna of the ear and the bones of the skull.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Diagnosis is generally by examination of the ear with an otoscope.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Warmed 1 to 2% lidocaine liquid may be placed in the ear to help numb it before attempted removal.<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="EMD2022" /> Procedural sedation may also be used to facilitate the procedure.<ref name="Oy2018" /> A number of techniques may be used for the removal itself including suction, irrigation, and forceps.<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="Mer2022" /> Antibiotic ear drops may be used if their are signs of skin breakdown.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Complications of attempted removal may include eardrum perforation.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ear foreign bodies occur relatively commonly.<ref name="Stat2022" /> They occur most often in children and are the most common type of foreign body in this age group.<ref name="AFP2007">{{Cite journal|last=Heim|first=SW|last2=Maughan|first2=KL|title=Foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat.|journal=American family physician|date=15 October 2007|volume=76|issue=8|pages=1185-9|pmid=17990843}}</ref><ref name="Stat2022" /> Descriptions of ear foreign bodies are found in Ancient literature, including the writing of Hippocrates around 400 BC.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Journal of Ophthalmology, Otology, and Laryngology|date=1915|page=419|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|language=en|access-date=2022-05-10|archive-date=2022-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510142229/https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|url-status=live}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] h56d1rykz4dr89m2nunahhlg3el7ai7 132638 132636 2026-04-18T13:58:37Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1458516|Ear foreign body]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132638 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name ={{PAGENAME}} |synonym =Foreign object in the ear, external auditory canal foreign body |image =EarFB.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =In red is the typical location of a foreign body in the ear |pronounce = |specialty =[[Otorhinolaryngology|ENT surgery]] |symptoms =None, ear pain, ear discharge, decreased hearing<ref name=Oy2018/> |onset = |duration = |causes = |risks = |diagnosis =Examination<ref name=Oy2018/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =Pain management, removal, antibiotics<ref name=EMD2022/> |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Relatively common (children)<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tiba ʒino binyɛra''' nyɛla '''ʒino binyɛra''' din kpe in the Tiba vɔya puunil.<ref name="EMD2022">{{Cite web|title=PEM Playbook - Foreign Bodies in the Head and Neck|url=http://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|website=emDOCs.net - Emergency Medicine Education|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en|date=30 March 2018|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124014438/https://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|url-status=live}}</ref> Doro ŋɔ nahingbana sh`eŋa n nye biɛrim n ti pahi mari yibina tiba maa puuni.<ref name="Oy2018">{{Cite journal|last=Oyama|first=LC|title=Foreign Bodies of the Ear, Nose and Throat.|journal=Emergency medicine clinics of North America|date=February 2019|volume=37|issue=1|pages=121-130|doi=10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.009|pmid=30454775}}</ref> Wumbu nyɛla din ni tooi vuui bela.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Doro ŋɔ barina shɛŋa n nye [[Farigu|ʒim pampam yibu]] bee ningbuŋ daŋa.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Binyɛra ŋɔ shɛŋa n tooi nye yɛribihi bee gbaŋ bee tamkpaɣu bee binneenbihi bee gumdi n ti pahi baatiri kpuli bihi.<ref name="Mer2022">{{Cite web|title=How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders|url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en-CA|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|url-status=live}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear "How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders"]. ''Merck Manuals Professional Edition''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear Archived] from the original on 30 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Lotterman|first=S|last2=Sohal|first2=M|title=Ear Foreign Body Removal|date=January 2022|pmid=29083719|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Foreign bodies usually become stuck at the narrowing between the cartilage of the pinna of the ear and the bones of the skull.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Diagnosis is generally by examination of the ear with an otoscope.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Warmed 1 to 2% lidocaine liquid may be placed in the ear to help numb it before attempted removal.<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="EMD2022" /> Procedural sedation may also be used to facilitate the procedure.<ref name="Oy2018" /> A number of techniques may be used for the removal itself including suction, irrigation, and forceps.<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="Mer2022" /> Antibiotic ear drops may be used if their are signs of skin breakdown.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Complications of attempted removal may include eardrum perforation.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ear foreign bodies occur relatively commonly.<ref name="Stat2022" /> They occur most often in children and are the most common type of foreign body in this age group.<ref name="AFP2007">{{Cite journal|last=Heim|first=SW|last2=Maughan|first2=KL|title=Foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat.|journal=American family physician|date=15 October 2007|volume=76|issue=8|pages=1185-9|pmid=17990843}}</ref><ref name="Stat2022" /> Descriptions of ear foreign bodies are found in Ancient literature, including the writing of Hippocrates around 400 BC.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Journal of Ophthalmology, Otology, and Laryngology|date=1915|page=419|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|language=en|access-date=2022-05-10|archive-date=2022-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510142229/https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|url-status=live}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] c2fonrn4grqu6paecc76kskhuv6z6k3 132639 132638 2026-04-18T14:10:40Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1458516|Ear foreign body]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name ={{PAGENAME}} |synonym =Foreign object in the ear, external auditory canal foreign body |image =EarFB.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =In red is the typical location of a foreign body in the ear |pronounce = |specialty =[[Otorhinolaryngology|ENT surgery]] |symptoms =None, ear pain, ear discharge, decreased hearing<ref name=Oy2018/> |onset = |duration = |causes = |risks = |diagnosis =Examination<ref name=Oy2018/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =Pain management, removal, antibiotics<ref name=EMD2022/> |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Relatively common (children)<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tiba ʒino binyɛra''' nyɛla '''ʒino binyɛra''' din kpe in the Tiba vɔya puunil.<ref name="EMD2022">{{Cite web|title=PEM Playbook - Foreign Bodies in the Head and Neck|url=http://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|website=emDOCs.net - Emergency Medicine Education|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en|date=30 March 2018|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124014438/https://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|url-status=live}}</ref> Doro ŋɔ nahingbana sh`eŋa n nye biɛrim n ti pahi mari yibina tiba maa puuni.<ref name="Oy2018">{{Cite journal|last=Oyama|first=LC|title=Foreign Bodies of the Ear, Nose and Throat.|journal=Emergency medicine clinics of North America|date=February 2019|volume=37|issue=1|pages=121-130|doi=10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.009|pmid=30454775}}</ref> Wumbu nyɛla din ni tooi vuui bela.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Doro ŋɔ barina shɛŋa n nye [[Farigu|ʒim pampam yibu]] bee ningbuŋ daŋa.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Binyɛra ŋɔ shɛŋa n tooi nye yɛribihi bee gbaŋ bee tamkpaɣu bee binneenbihi bee gumdi n ti pahi baatiri kpuli bihi.<ref name="Mer2022">{{Cite web|title=How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders|url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en-CA|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|url-status=live}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear "How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders"]. ''Merck Manuals Professional Edition''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear Archived] from the original on 30 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Lotterman|first=S|last2=Sohal|first2=M|title=Ear Foreign Body Removal|date=January 2022|pmid=29083719|journal=StatPearls}}</ref>Tiba ʒino binyɛra ŋɔ tooi zooya ka di ŋariti tiba vo'bihi din be Tiba gbana cartilage mini zuɣu kɔba sunsuuni.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Doro vihi m-baŋ dɔlila n zaŋ kpatuhi shɛli bɛ bɔli otoscope n lihi tiba maa puuni.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Warmed 1 to 2% lidocaine liquid may be placed in the ear to help numb it before attempted removal.<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="EMD2022" /> Procedural sedation may also be used to facilitate the procedure.<ref name="Oy2018" /> A number of techniques may be used for the removal itself including suction, irrigation, and forceps.<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="Mer2022" /> Antibiotic ear drops may be used if their are signs of skin breakdown.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Complications of attempted removal may include eardrum perforation.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ear foreign bodies occur relatively commonly.<ref name="Stat2022" /> They occur most often in children and are the most common type of foreign body in this age group.<ref name="AFP2007">{{Cite journal|last=Heim|first=SW|last2=Maughan|first2=KL|title=Foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat.|journal=American family physician|date=15 October 2007|volume=76|issue=8|pages=1185-9|pmid=17990843}}</ref><ref name="Stat2022" /> Descriptions of ear foreign bodies are found in Ancient literature, including the writing of Hippocrates around 400 BC.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Journal of Ophthalmology, Otology, and Laryngology|date=1915|page=419|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|language=en|access-date=2022-05-10|archive-date=2022-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510142229/https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|url-status=live}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] 5k0muk9kifitksipf7gbge22b6rhdsd 132640 132639 2026-04-18T14:14:14Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1458516|Ear foreign body]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132640 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name ={{PAGENAME}} |synonym =Foreign object in the ear, external auditory canal foreign body |image =EarFB.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =In red is the typical location of a foreign body in the ear |pronounce = |specialty =[[Otorhinolaryngology|ENT surgery]] |symptoms =None, ear pain, ear discharge, decreased hearing<ref name=Oy2018/> |onset = |duration = |causes = |risks = |diagnosis =Examination<ref name=Oy2018/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =Pain management, removal, antibiotics<ref name=EMD2022/> |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Relatively common (children)<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tiba ʒino binyɛra''' nyɛla '''ʒino binyɛra''' din kpe in the Tiba vɔya puunil.<ref name="EMD2022">{{Cite web|title=PEM Playbook - Foreign Bodies in the Head and Neck|url=http://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|website=emDOCs.net - Emergency Medicine Education|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en|date=30 March 2018|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124014438/https://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|url-status=live}}</ref> Doro ŋɔ nahingbana sh`eŋa n nye biɛrim n ti pahi mari yibina tiba maa puuni.<ref name="Oy2018">{{Cite journal|last=Oyama|first=LC|title=Foreign Bodies of the Ear, Nose and Throat.|journal=Emergency medicine clinics of North America|date=February 2019|volume=37|issue=1|pages=121-130|doi=10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.009|pmid=30454775}}</ref> Wumbu nyɛla din ni tooi vuui bela.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Doro ŋɔ barina shɛŋa n nye [[Farigu|ʒim pampam yibu]] bee ningbuŋ daŋa.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Binyɛra ŋɔ shɛŋa n tooi nye yɛribihi bee gbaŋ bee tamkpaɣu bee binneenbihi bee gumdi n ti pahi baatiri kpuli bihi.<ref name="Mer2022">{{Cite web|title=How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders|url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en-CA|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|url-status=live}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear "How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders"]. ''Merck Manuals Professional Edition''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear Archived] from the original on 30 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Lotterman|first=S|last2=Sohal|first2=M|title=Ear Foreign Body Removal|date=January 2022|pmid=29083719|journal=StatPearls}}</ref>Tiba ʒino binyɛra ŋɔ tooi zooya ka di ŋariti tiba vo'bihi din be Tiba gbana cartilage mini zuɣu kɔba sunsuuni.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Doro vihi m-baŋ dɔlila n zaŋ kpatuhi shɛli bɛ bɔli otoscope n lihi tiba maa puuni.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ti' shɛli bɛ ni bɔli lidocaine din tuli bela ka di galisim kuli nye hali 1 hali ni 2% nyƐla bɛ ni tooi dooi shɛli n-niŋ tiba maa puuni m baligi biɛrim di ni pɔi ka naai n tilim tibili maa ʒino bini maa yihibu.<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="EMD2022" /> Procedural sedation may also be used to facilitate the procedure.<ref name="Oy2018" /> A number of techniques may be used for the removal itself including suction, irrigation, and forceps.<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="Mer2022" /> Antibiotic ear drops may be used if their are signs of skin breakdown.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Complications of attempted removal may include eardrum perforation.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ear foreign bodies occur relatively commonly.<ref name="Stat2022" /> They occur most often in children and are the most common type of foreign body in this age group.<ref name="AFP2007">{{Cite journal|last=Heim|first=SW|last2=Maughan|first2=KL|title=Foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat.|journal=American family physician|date=15 October 2007|volume=76|issue=8|pages=1185-9|pmid=17990843}}</ref><ref name="Stat2022" /> Descriptions of ear foreign bodies are found in Ancient literature, including the writing of Hippocrates around 400 BC.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Journal of Ophthalmology, Otology, and Laryngology|date=1915|page=419|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|language=en|access-date=2022-05-10|archive-date=2022-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510142229/https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|url-status=live}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] eii8khnaqk9qezjocnkq92bih4ao05m 132641 132640 2026-04-18T14:16:04Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1458516|Ear foreign body]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132641 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name ={{PAGENAME}} |synonym =Foreign object in the ear, external auditory canal foreign body |image =EarFB.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =In red is the typical location of a foreign body in the ear |pronounce = |specialty =[[Otorhinolaryngology|ENT surgery]] |symptoms =None, ear pain, ear discharge, decreased hearing<ref name=Oy2018/> |onset = |duration = |causes = |risks = |diagnosis =Examination<ref name=Oy2018/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =Pain management, removal, antibiotics<ref name=EMD2022/> |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Relatively common (children)<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tiba ʒino binyɛra''' nyɛla '''ʒino binyɛra''' din kpe in the Tiba vɔya puunil.<ref name="EMD2022">{{Cite web|title=PEM Playbook - Foreign Bodies in the Head and Neck|url=http://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|website=emDOCs.net - Emergency Medicine Education|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en|date=30 March 2018|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124014438/https://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|url-status=live}}</ref> Doro ŋɔ nahingbana sh`eŋa n nye biɛrim n ti pahi mari yibina tiba maa puuni.<ref name="Oy2018">{{Cite journal|last=Oyama|first=LC|title=Foreign Bodies of the Ear, Nose and Throat.|journal=Emergency medicine clinics of North America|date=February 2019|volume=37|issue=1|pages=121-130|doi=10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.009|pmid=30454775}}</ref> Wumbu nyɛla din ni tooi vuui bela.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Doro ŋɔ barina shɛŋa n nye [[Farigu|ʒim pampam yibu]] bee ningbuŋ daŋa.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Binyɛra ŋɔ shɛŋa n tooi nye yɛribihi bee gbaŋ bee tamkpaɣu bee binneenbihi bee gumdi n ti pahi baatiri kpuli bihi.<ref name="Mer2022">{{Cite web|title=How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders|url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en-CA|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|url-status=live}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear "How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders"]. ''Merck Manuals Professional Edition''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear Archived] from the original on 30 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Lotterman|first=S|last2=Sohal|first2=M|title=Ear Foreign Body Removal|date=January 2022|pmid=29083719|journal=StatPearls}}</ref>Tiba ʒino binyɛra ŋɔ tooi zooya ka di ŋariti tiba vo'bihi din be Tiba gbana cartilage mini zuɣu kɔba sunsuuni.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Doro vihi m-baŋ dɔlila n zaŋ kpatuhi shɛli bɛ bɔli otoscope n lihi tiba maa puuni.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ti' shɛli bɛ ni bɔli lidocaine din tuli bela ka di galisim kuli nye hali 1 hali ni 2% nyƐla bɛ ni tooi dooi shɛli n-niŋ tiba maa puuni m baligi biɛrim di ni pɔi ka naai n tilim tibili maa ʒino bini maa yihibu.<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="EMD2022" /> Gbihibu tahibu na bari maa zuɣu gba nyɛla din ni tooi n sɔŋ tibili maa ʒino bini maa yihibu sɔya.<ref name="Oy2018" /> A number of techniques may be used for the removal itself including suction, irrigation, and forceps.<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="Mer2022" /> Antibiotic ear drops may be used if their are signs of skin breakdown.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Complications of attempted removal may include eardrum perforation.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ear foreign bodies occur relatively commonly.<ref name="Stat2022" /> They occur most often in children and are the most common type of foreign body in this age group.<ref name="AFP2007">{{Cite journal|last=Heim|first=SW|last2=Maughan|first2=KL|title=Foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat.|journal=American family physician|date=15 October 2007|volume=76|issue=8|pages=1185-9|pmid=17990843}}</ref><ref name="Stat2022" /> Descriptions of ear foreign bodies are found in Ancient literature, including the writing of Hippocrates around 400 BC.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Journal of Ophthalmology, Otology, and Laryngology|date=1915|page=419|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|language=en|access-date=2022-05-10|archive-date=2022-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510142229/https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|url-status=live}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] mqf4n8v1ndnzjvmvlx4zz3ewa2ruklr 132642 132641 2026-04-18T14:20:29Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1458516|Ear foreign body]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132642 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name ={{PAGENAME}} |synonym =Foreign object in the ear, external auditory canal foreign body |image =EarFB.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =In red is the typical location of a foreign body in the ear |pronounce = |specialty =[[Otorhinolaryngology|ENT surgery]] |symptoms =None, ear pain, ear discharge, decreased hearing<ref name=Oy2018/> |onset = |duration = |causes = |risks = |diagnosis =Examination<ref name=Oy2018/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =Pain management, removal, antibiotics<ref name=EMD2022/> |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Relatively common (children)<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tiba ʒino binyɛra''' nyɛla '''ʒino binyɛra''' din kpe in the Tiba vɔya puunil.<ref name="EMD2022">{{Cite web|title=PEM Playbook - Foreign Bodies in the Head and Neck|url=http://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|website=emDOCs.net - Emergency Medicine Education|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en|date=30 March 2018|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124014438/https://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|url-status=live}}</ref> Doro ŋɔ nahingbana sh`eŋa n nye biɛrim n ti pahi mari yibina tiba maa puuni.<ref name="Oy2018">{{Cite journal|last=Oyama|first=LC|title=Foreign Bodies of the Ear, Nose and Throat.|journal=Emergency medicine clinics of North America|date=February 2019|volume=37|issue=1|pages=121-130|doi=10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.009|pmid=30454775}}</ref> Wumbu nyɛla din ni tooi vuui bela.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Doro ŋɔ barina shɛŋa n nye [[Farigu|ʒim pampam yibu]] bee ningbuŋ daŋa.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Binyɛra ŋɔ shɛŋa n tooi nye yɛribihi bee gbaŋ bee tamkpaɣu bee binneenbihi bee gumdi n ti pahi baatiri kpuli bihi.<ref name="Mer2022">{{Cite web|title=How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders|url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en-CA|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|url-status=live}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear "How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders"]. ''Merck Manuals Professional Edition''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear Archived] from the original on 30 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Lotterman|first=S|last2=Sohal|first2=M|title=Ear Foreign Body Removal|date=January 2022|pmid=29083719|journal=StatPearls}}</ref>Tiba ʒino binyɛra ŋɔ tooi zooya ka di ŋariti tiba vo'bihi din be Tiba gbana cartilage mini zuɣu kɔba sunsuuni.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Doro vihi m-baŋ dɔlila n zaŋ kpatuhi shɛli bɛ bɔli otoscope n lihi tiba maa puuni.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ti' shɛli bɛ ni bɔli lidocaine din tuli bela ka di galisim kuli nye hali 1 hali ni 2% nyƐla bɛ ni tooi dooi shɛli n-niŋ tiba maa puuni m baligi biɛrim di ni pɔi ka naai n tilim tibili maa ʒino bini maa yihibu.<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="EMD2022" /> Gbihibu tahibu na bari maa zuɣu gba nyɛla din ni tooi n sɔŋ tibili maa ʒino bini maa yihibu sɔya.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ʒino bini maa yihibu sɔya maa nyɛla din galisi amaa di shɛŋa n nye Mɔɣisibu bee kɔm vɔbu sɔli n ti pahi n-zaŋ kpatuɣa shɛli bɛ ni bɔli forceps.la n-yiɣi ŋa<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="Mer2022" /> Antibiotic ear drops may be used if their are signs of skin breakdown.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Complications of attempted removal may include eardrum perforation.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ear foreign bodies occur relatively commonly.<ref name="Stat2022" /> They occur most often in children and are the most common type of foreign body in this age group.<ref name="AFP2007">{{Cite journal|last=Heim|first=SW|last2=Maughan|first2=KL|title=Foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat.|journal=American family physician|date=15 October 2007|volume=76|issue=8|pages=1185-9|pmid=17990843}}</ref><ref name="Stat2022" /> Descriptions of ear foreign bodies are found in Ancient literature, including the writing of Hippocrates around 400 BC.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Journal of Ophthalmology, Otology, and Laryngology|date=1915|page=419|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|language=en|access-date=2022-05-10|archive-date=2022-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510142229/https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|url-status=live}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] 5h3jzns3gal9u0t3i09f2kac7r32wdp 132643 132642 2026-04-18T14:23:43Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1458516|Ear foreign body]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132643 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name ={{PAGENAME}} |synonym =Foreign object in the ear, external auditory canal foreign body |image =EarFB.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =In red is the typical location of a foreign body in the ear |pronounce = |specialty =[[Otorhinolaryngology|ENT surgery]] |symptoms =None, ear pain, ear discharge, decreased hearing<ref name=Oy2018/> |onset = |duration = |causes = |risks = |diagnosis =Examination<ref name=Oy2018/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =Pain management, removal, antibiotics<ref name=EMD2022/> |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Relatively common (children)<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tiba ʒino binyɛra''' nyɛla '''ʒino binyɛra''' din kpe in the Tiba vɔya puunil.<ref name="EMD2022">{{Cite web|title=PEM Playbook - Foreign Bodies in the Head and Neck|url=http://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|website=emDOCs.net - Emergency Medicine Education|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en|date=30 March 2018|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124014438/https://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|url-status=live}}</ref> Doro ŋɔ nahingbana sh`eŋa n nye biɛrim n ti pahi mari yibina tiba maa puuni.<ref name="Oy2018">{{Cite journal|last=Oyama|first=LC|title=Foreign Bodies of the Ear, Nose and Throat.|journal=Emergency medicine clinics of North America|date=February 2019|volume=37|issue=1|pages=121-130|doi=10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.009|pmid=30454775}}</ref> Wumbu nyɛla din ni tooi vuui bela.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Doro ŋɔ barina shɛŋa n nye [[Farigu|ʒim pampam yibu]] bee ningbuŋ daŋa.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Binyɛra ŋɔ shɛŋa n tooi nye yɛribihi bee gbaŋ bee tamkpaɣu bee binneenbihi bee gumdi n ti pahi baatiri kpuli bihi.<ref name="Mer2022">{{Cite web|title=How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders|url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en-CA|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|url-status=live}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear "How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders"]. ''Merck Manuals Professional Edition''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear Archived] from the original on 30 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Lotterman|first=S|last2=Sohal|first2=M|title=Ear Foreign Body Removal|date=January 2022|pmid=29083719|journal=StatPearls}}</ref>Tiba ʒino binyɛra ŋɔ tooi zooya ka di ŋariti tiba vo'bihi din be Tiba gbana cartilage mini zuɣu kɔba sunsuuni.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Doro vihi m-baŋ dɔlila n zaŋ kpatuhi shɛli bɛ bɔli otoscope n lihi tiba maa puuni.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ti' shɛli bɛ ni bɔli lidocaine din tuli bela ka di galisim kuli nye hali 1 hali ni 2% nyƐla bɛ ni tooi dooi shɛli n-niŋ tiba maa puuni m baligi biɛrim di ni pɔi ka naai n tilim tibili maa ʒino bini maa yihibu.<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="EMD2022" /> Gbihibu tahibu na bari maa zuɣu gba nyɛla din ni tooi n sɔŋ tibili maa ʒino bini maa yihibu sɔya.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ʒino bini maa yihibu sɔya maa nyɛla din galisi amaa di shɛŋa n nye Mɔɣisibu bee kɔm vɔbu sɔli n ti pahi n-zaŋ kpatuɣa shɛli bɛ ni bɔli forceps.la n-yiɣi ŋa<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="Mer2022" /> Antibiotic ti' kom din dɔɣiri n niŋdi tiba ni nyɛla bɛ ni tooi zaŋ shɛli tibi ningbuŋ daŋsi bee di yi ti niŋ ka tiba ningbuŋ maa tahira.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Complications of attempted removal may include eardrum perforation.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ear foreign bodies occur relatively commonly.<ref name="Stat2022" /> They occur most often in children and are the most common type of foreign body in this age group.<ref name="AFP2007">{{Cite journal|last=Heim|first=SW|last2=Maughan|first2=KL|title=Foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat.|journal=American family physician|date=15 October 2007|volume=76|issue=8|pages=1185-9|pmid=17990843}}</ref><ref name="Stat2022" /> Descriptions of ear foreign bodies are found in Ancient literature, including the writing of Hippocrates around 400 BC.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Journal of Ophthalmology, Otology, and Laryngology|date=1915|page=419|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|language=en|access-date=2022-05-10|archive-date=2022-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510142229/https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|url-status=live}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] d3enohwd185q7wh4r725kgdwuhqj0bj 132644 132643 2026-04-18T14:27:14Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1458516|Ear foreign body]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132644 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name ={{PAGENAME}} |synonym =Foreign object in the ear, external auditory canal foreign body |image =EarFB.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =In red is the typical location of a foreign body in the ear |pronounce = |specialty =[[Otorhinolaryngology|ENT surgery]] |symptoms =None, ear pain, ear discharge, decreased hearing<ref name=Oy2018/> |onset = |duration = |causes = |risks = |diagnosis =Examination<ref name=Oy2018/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =Pain management, removal, antibiotics<ref name=EMD2022/> |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Relatively common (children)<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tiba ʒino binyɛra''' nyɛla '''ʒino binyɛra''' din kpe in the Tiba vɔya puunil.<ref name="EMD2022">{{Cite web|title=PEM Playbook - Foreign Bodies in the Head and Neck|url=http://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|website=emDOCs.net - Emergency Medicine Education|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en|date=30 March 2018|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124014438/https://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|url-status=live}}</ref> Doro ŋɔ nahingbana sh`eŋa n nye biɛrim n ti pahi mari yibina tiba maa puuni.<ref name="Oy2018">{{Cite journal|last=Oyama|first=LC|title=Foreign Bodies of the Ear, Nose and Throat.|journal=Emergency medicine clinics of North America|date=February 2019|volume=37|issue=1|pages=121-130|doi=10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.009|pmid=30454775}}</ref> Wumbu nyɛla din ni tooi vuui bela.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Doro ŋɔ barina shɛŋa n nye [[Farigu|ʒim pampam yibu]] bee ningbuŋ daŋa.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Binyɛra ŋɔ shɛŋa n tooi nye yɛribihi bee gbaŋ bee tamkpaɣu bee binneenbihi bee gumdi n ti pahi baatiri kpuli bihi.<ref name="Mer2022">{{Cite web|title=How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders|url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en-CA|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|url-status=live}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear "How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders"]. ''Merck Manuals Professional Edition''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear Archived] from the original on 30 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Lotterman|first=S|last2=Sohal|first2=M|title=Ear Foreign Body Removal|date=January 2022|pmid=29083719|journal=StatPearls}}</ref>Tiba ʒino binyɛra ŋɔ tooi zooya ka di ŋariti tiba vo'bihi din be Tiba gbana cartilage mini zuɣu kɔba sunsuuni.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Doro vihi m-baŋ dɔlila n zaŋ kpatuhi shɛli bɛ bɔli otoscope n lihi tiba maa puuni.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ti' shɛli bɛ ni bɔli lidocaine din tuli bela ka di galisim kuli nye hali 1 hali ni 2% nyƐla bɛ ni tooi dooi shɛli n-niŋ tiba maa puuni m baligi biɛrim di ni pɔi ka naai n tilim tibili maa ʒino bini maa yihibu.<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="EMD2022" /> Gbihibu tahibu na bari maa zuɣu gba nyɛla din ni tooi n sɔŋ tibili maa ʒino bini maa yihibu sɔya.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ʒino bini maa yihibu sɔya maa nyɛla din galisi amaa di shɛŋa n nye Mɔɣisibu bee kɔm vɔbu sɔli n ti pahi n-zaŋ kpatuɣa shɛli bɛ ni bɔli forceps.la n-yiɣi ŋa<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="Mer2022" /> Antibiotic ti' kom din dɔɣiri n niŋdi tiba ni nyɛla bɛ ni tooi zaŋ shɛli tibi ningbuŋ daŋsi bee di yi ti niŋ ka tiba ningbuŋ maa tahira.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Doro ŋɔ ni tooi tahi barina shɛŋa na saha shɛli bɛ ni yen yiɣi ʒino bini maa n nye tiba bia vɔli chibibu.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ear foreign bodies occur relatively commonly.<ref name="Stat2022" /> They occur most often in children and are the most common type of foreign body in this age group.<ref name="AFP2007">{{Cite journal|last=Heim|first=SW|last2=Maughan|first2=KL|title=Foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat.|journal=American family physician|date=15 October 2007|volume=76|issue=8|pages=1185-9|pmid=17990843}}</ref><ref name="Stat2022" /> Descriptions of ear foreign bodies are found in Ancient literature, including the writing of Hippocrates around 400 BC.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Journal of Ophthalmology, Otology, and Laryngology|date=1915|page=419|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|language=en|access-date=2022-05-10|archive-date=2022-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510142229/https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|url-status=live}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] boycudzm2o20dxhdnxgr2usl5e039yu 132645 132644 2026-04-18T14:28:37Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1458516|Ear foreign body]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132645 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name ={{PAGENAME}} |synonym =Foreign object in the ear, external auditory canal foreign body |image =EarFB.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =In red is the typical location of a foreign body in the ear |pronounce = |specialty =[[Otorhinolaryngology|ENT surgery]] |symptoms =None, ear pain, ear discharge, decreased hearing<ref name=Oy2018/> |onset = |duration = |causes = |risks = |diagnosis =Examination<ref name=Oy2018/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =Pain management, removal, antibiotics<ref name=EMD2022/> |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Relatively common (children)<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tiba ʒino binyɛra''' nyɛla '''ʒino binyɛra''' din kpe in the Tiba vɔya puunil.<ref name="EMD2022">{{Cite web|title=PEM Playbook - Foreign Bodies in the Head and Neck|url=http://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|website=emDOCs.net - Emergency Medicine Education|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en|date=30 March 2018|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124014438/https://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|url-status=live}}</ref> Doro ŋɔ nahingbana sh`eŋa n nye biɛrim n ti pahi mari yibina tiba maa puuni.<ref name="Oy2018">{{Cite journal|last=Oyama|first=LC|title=Foreign Bodies of the Ear, Nose and Throat.|journal=Emergency medicine clinics of North America|date=February 2019|volume=37|issue=1|pages=121-130|doi=10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.009|pmid=30454775}}</ref> Wumbu nyɛla din ni tooi vuui bela.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Doro ŋɔ barina shɛŋa n nye [[Farigu|ʒim pampam yibu]] bee ningbuŋ daŋa.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Binyɛra ŋɔ shɛŋa n tooi nye yɛribihi bee gbaŋ bee tamkpaɣu bee binneenbihi bee gumdi n ti pahi baatiri kpuli bihi.<ref name="Mer2022">{{Cite web|title=How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders|url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en-CA|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|url-status=live}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear "How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders"]. ''Merck Manuals Professional Edition''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear Archived] from the original on 30 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Lotterman|first=S|last2=Sohal|first2=M|title=Ear Foreign Body Removal|date=January 2022|pmid=29083719|journal=StatPearls}}</ref>Tiba ʒino binyɛra ŋɔ tooi zooya ka di ŋariti tiba vo'bihi din be Tiba gbana cartilage mini zuɣu kɔba sunsuuni.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Doro vihi m-baŋ dɔlila n zaŋ kpatuhi shɛli bɛ bɔli otoscope n lihi tiba maa puuni.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ti' shɛli bɛ ni bɔli lidocaine din tuli bela ka di galisim kuli nye hali 1 hali ni 2% nyƐla bɛ ni tooi dooi shɛli n-niŋ tiba maa puuni m baligi biɛrim di ni pɔi ka naai n tilim tibili maa ʒino bini maa yihibu.<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="EMD2022" /> Gbihibu tahibu na bari maa zuɣu gba nyɛla din ni tooi n sɔŋ tibili maa ʒino bini maa yihibu sɔya.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ʒino bini maa yihibu sɔya maa nyɛla din galisi amaa di shɛŋa n nye Mɔɣisibu bee kɔm vɔbu sɔli n ti pahi n-zaŋ kpatuɣa shɛli bɛ ni bɔli forceps.la n-yiɣi ŋa<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="Mer2022" /> Antibiotic ti' kom din dɔɣiri n niŋdi tiba ni nyɛla bɛ ni tooi zaŋ shɛli tibi ningbuŋ daŋsi bee di yi ti niŋ ka tiba ningbuŋ maa tahira.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Doro ŋɔ ni tooi tahi barina shɛŋa na saha shɛli bɛ ni yen yiɣi ʒino bini maa n nye tiba bia vɔli chibibu.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Tiba ʒino binyɛra shɛhiranima nyɛla din tooi niŋdi pam.<ref name="Stat2022" /> They occur most often in children and are the most common type of foreign body in this age group.<ref name="AFP2007">{{Cite journal|last=Heim|first=SW|last2=Maughan|first2=KL|title=Foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat.|journal=American family physician|date=15 October 2007|volume=76|issue=8|pages=1185-9|pmid=17990843}}</ref><ref name="Stat2022" /> Descriptions of ear foreign bodies are found in Ancient literature, including the writing of Hippocrates around 400 BC.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Journal of Ophthalmology, Otology, and Laryngology|date=1915|page=419|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|language=en|access-date=2022-05-10|archive-date=2022-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510142229/https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|url-status=live}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] 028b2hdn5848kc3l45728bxyfi3ujik 132646 132645 2026-04-18T14:30:07Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1458516|Ear foreign body]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132646 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name ={{PAGENAME}} |synonym =Foreign object in the ear, external auditory canal foreign body |image =EarFB.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =In red is the typical location of a foreign body in the ear |pronounce = |specialty =[[Otorhinolaryngology|ENT surgery]] |symptoms =None, ear pain, ear discharge, decreased hearing<ref name=Oy2018/> |onset = |duration = |causes = |risks = |diagnosis =Examination<ref name=Oy2018/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =Pain management, removal, antibiotics<ref name=EMD2022/> |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Relatively common (children)<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tiba ʒino binyɛra''' nyɛla '''ʒino binyɛra''' din kpe in the Tiba vɔya puunil.<ref name="EMD2022">{{Cite web|title=PEM Playbook - Foreign Bodies in the Head and Neck|url=http://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|website=emDOCs.net - Emergency Medicine Education|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en|date=30 March 2018|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124014438/https://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|url-status=live}}</ref> Doro ŋɔ nahingbana sh`eŋa n nye biɛrim n ti pahi mari yibina tiba maa puuni.<ref name="Oy2018">{{Cite journal|last=Oyama|first=LC|title=Foreign Bodies of the Ear, Nose and Throat.|journal=Emergency medicine clinics of North America|date=February 2019|volume=37|issue=1|pages=121-130|doi=10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.009|pmid=30454775}}</ref> Wumbu nyɛla din ni tooi vuui bela.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Doro ŋɔ barina shɛŋa n nye [[Farigu|ʒim pampam yibu]] bee ningbuŋ daŋa.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Binyɛra ŋɔ shɛŋa n tooi nye yɛribihi bee gbaŋ bee tamkpaɣu bee binneenbihi bee gumdi n ti pahi baatiri kpuli bihi.<ref name="Mer2022">{{Cite web|title=How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders|url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en-CA|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|url-status=live}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear "How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders"]. ''Merck Manuals Professional Edition''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear Archived] from the original on 30 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Lotterman|first=S|last2=Sohal|first2=M|title=Ear Foreign Body Removal|date=January 2022|pmid=29083719|journal=StatPearls}}</ref>Tiba ʒino binyɛra ŋɔ tooi zooya ka di ŋariti tiba vo'bihi din be Tiba gbana cartilage mini zuɣu kɔba sunsuuni.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Doro vihi m-baŋ dɔlila n zaŋ kpatuhi shɛli bɛ bɔli otoscope n lihi tiba maa puuni.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ti' shɛli bɛ ni bɔli lidocaine din tuli bela ka di galisim kuli nye hali 1 hali ni 2% nyƐla bɛ ni tooi dooi shɛli n-niŋ tiba maa puuni m baligi biɛrim di ni pɔi ka naai n tilim tibili maa ʒino bini maa yihibu.<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="EMD2022" /> Gbihibu tahibu na bari maa zuɣu gba nyɛla din ni tooi n sɔŋ tibili maa ʒino bini maa yihibu sɔya.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ʒino bini maa yihibu sɔya maa nyɛla din galisi amaa di shɛŋa n nye Mɔɣisibu bee kɔm vɔbu sɔli n ti pahi n-zaŋ kpatuɣa shɛli bɛ ni bɔli forceps.la n-yiɣi ŋa<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="Mer2022" /> Antibiotic ti' kom din dɔɣiri n niŋdi tiba ni nyɛla bɛ ni tooi zaŋ shɛli tibi ningbuŋ daŋsi bee di yi ti niŋ ka tiba ningbuŋ maa tahira.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Doro ŋɔ ni tooi tahi barina shɛŋa na saha shɛli bɛ ni yen yiɣi ʒino bini maa n nye tiba bia vɔli chibibu.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Tiba ʒino binyɛra shɛhiranima nyɛla din tooi niŋdi pam.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Di nyɛla din tooi niŋdi bihi ni pam<ref name="AFP2007">{{Cite journal|last=Heim|first=SW|last2=Maughan|first2=KL|title=Foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat.|journal=American family physician|date=15 October 2007|volume=76|issue=8|pages=1185-9|pmid=17990843}}</ref><ref name="Stat2022" /> Descriptions of ear foreign bodies are found in Ancient literature, including the writing of Hippocrates around 400 BC.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Journal of Ophthalmology, Otology, and Laryngology|date=1915|page=419|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|language=en|access-date=2022-05-10|archive-date=2022-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510142229/https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|url-status=live}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] 68urgloanpyq0a2ktsltsi9fjnuiswi 132647 132646 2026-04-18T14:32:17Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1458516|Ear foreign body]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name ={{PAGENAME}} |synonym =Foreign object in the ear, external auditory canal foreign body |image =EarFB.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =In red is the typical location of a foreign body in the ear |pronounce = |specialty =[[Otorhinolaryngology|ENT surgery]] |symptoms =None, ear pain, ear discharge, decreased hearing<ref name=Oy2018/> |onset = |duration = |causes = |risks = |diagnosis =Examination<ref name=Oy2018/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =Pain management, removal, antibiotics<ref name=EMD2022/> |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Relatively common (children)<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tiba ʒino binyɛra''' nyɛla '''ʒino binyɛra''' din kpe in the Tiba vɔya puunil.<ref name="EMD2022">{{Cite web|title=PEM Playbook - Foreign Bodies in the Head and Neck|url=http://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|website=emDOCs.net - Emergency Medicine Education|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en|date=30 March 2018|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124014438/https://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|url-status=live}}</ref> Doro ŋɔ nahingbana sh`eŋa n nye biɛrim n ti pahi mari yibina tiba maa puuni.<ref name="Oy2018">{{Cite journal|last=Oyama|first=LC|title=Foreign Bodies of the Ear, Nose and Throat.|journal=Emergency medicine clinics of North America|date=February 2019|volume=37|issue=1|pages=121-130|doi=10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.009|pmid=30454775}}</ref> Wumbu nyɛla din ni tooi vuui bela.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Doro ŋɔ barina shɛŋa n nye [[Farigu|ʒim pampam yibu]] bee ningbuŋ daŋa.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Binyɛra ŋɔ shɛŋa n tooi nye yɛribihi bee gbaŋ bee tamkpaɣu bee binneenbihi bee gumdi n ti pahi baatiri kpuli bihi.<ref name="Mer2022">{{Cite web|title=How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders|url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en-CA|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|url-status=live}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear "How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders"]. ''Merck Manuals Professional Edition''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear Archived] from the original on 30 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Lotterman|first=S|last2=Sohal|first2=M|title=Ear Foreign Body Removal|date=January 2022|pmid=29083719|journal=StatPearls}}</ref>Tiba ʒino binyɛra ŋɔ tooi zooya ka di ŋariti tiba vo'bihi din be Tiba gbana cartilage mini zuɣu kɔba sunsuuni.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Doro vihi m-baŋ dɔlila n zaŋ kpatuhi shɛli bɛ bɔli otoscope n lihi tiba maa puuni.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ti' shɛli bɛ ni bɔli lidocaine din tuli bela ka di galisim kuli nye hali 1 hali ni 2% nyƐla bɛ ni tooi dooi shɛli n-niŋ tiba maa puuni m baligi biɛrim di ni pɔi ka naai n tilim tibili maa ʒino bini maa yihibu.<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="EMD2022" /> Gbihibu tahibu na bari maa zuɣu gba nyɛla din ni tooi n sɔŋ tibili maa ʒino bini maa yihibu sɔya.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ʒino bini maa yihibu sɔya maa nyɛla din galisi amaa di shɛŋa n nye Mɔɣisibu bee kɔm vɔbu sɔli n ti pahi n-zaŋ kpatuɣa shɛli bɛ ni bɔli forceps.la n-yiɣi ŋa<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="Mer2022" /> Antibiotic ti' kom din dɔɣiri n niŋdi tiba ni nyɛla bɛ ni tooi zaŋ shɛli tibi ningbuŋ daŋsi bee di yi ti niŋ ka tiba ningbuŋ maa tahira.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Doro ŋɔ ni tooi tahi barina shɛŋa na saha shɛli bɛ ni yen yiɣi ʒino bini maa n nye tiba bia vɔli chibibu.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Tiba ʒino binyɛra shɛhiranima nyɛla din tooi niŋdi pam.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Di nyɛla din tooi niŋdi bihi ni pam<ref name="AFP2007">{{Cite journal|last=Heim|first=SW|last2=Maughan|first2=KL|title=Foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat.|journal=American family physician|date=15 October 2007|volume=76|issue=8|pages=1185-9|pmid=17990843}}</ref><ref name="Stat2022" /> Tiba ʒino binyɛra ŋɔ buɣisibu nyɛla din be Ancient literature kundu ni n ti pahi Hippocrates saba puuni din daa nam 400 BC.saha<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Journal of Ophthalmology, Otology, and Laryngology|date=1915|page=419|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|language=en|access-date=2022-05-10|archive-date=2022-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510142229/https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|url-status=live}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] s3xs2sc6xmtazqnbdko3nhgdtdif7hm 132648 132647 2026-04-18T14:35:41Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 132648 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name ={{PAGENAME}} |synonym =Foreign object in the ear, external auditory canal foreign body |image =EarFB.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =In red is the typical location of a foreign body in the ear |pronounce = |specialty =[[Otorhinolaryngology|ENT surgery]] |symptoms =None, ear pain, ear discharge, decreased hearing<ref name=Oy2018/> |onset = |duration = |causes = |risks = |diagnosis =Examination<ref name=Oy2018/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =Pain management, removal, antibiotics<ref name=EMD2022/> |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Relatively common (children)<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tiba ʒino binyɛra''' nyɛla '''ʒino binyɛra''' din kpe in the Tiba vɔya puunil.<ref name="EMD2022">{{Cite web|title=PEM Playbook - Foreign Bodies in the Head and Neck|url=http://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|website=emDOCs.net - Emergency Medicine Education|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en|date=30 March 2018|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124014438/https://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|url-status=live}}</ref> Doro ŋɔ nahingbana sh`eŋa n nye biɛrim n ti pahi mari yibina tiba maa puuni.<ref name="Oy2018">{{Cite journal|last=Oyama|first=LC|title=Foreign Bodies of the Ear, Nose and Throat.|journal=Emergency medicine clinics of North America|date=February 2019|volume=37|issue=1|pages=121-130|doi=10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.009|pmid=30454775}}</ref> Wumbu nyɛla din ni tooi vuui bela.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Doro ŋɔ barina shɛŋa n nye [[Farigu|ʒim pampam yibu]] bee ningbuŋ daŋa.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Binyɛra ŋɔ shɛŋa n tooi nye yɛribihi bee gbaŋ bee tamkpaɣu bee binneenbihi bee gumdi n ti pahi baatiri kpuli bihi.<ref name="Mer2022">{{Cite web|title=How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders|url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en-CA|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Lotterman|first=S|last2=Sohal|first2=M|title=Ear Foreign Body Removal|date=January 2022|pmid=29083719|journal=StatPearls}}</ref>Tiba ʒino binyɛra ŋɔ tooi zooya ka di ŋariti tiba vo'bihi din be Tiba gbana cartilage mini zuɣu kɔba sunsuuni.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Doro vihi m-baŋ dɔlila n zaŋ kpatuhi shɛli bɛ bɔli otoscope n lihi tiba maa puuni.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ti' shɛli bɛ ni bɔli lidocaine din tuli bela ka di galisim kuli nye hali 1 hali ni 2% nyƐla bɛ ni tooi dooi shɛli n-niŋ tiba maa puuni m baligi biɛrim di ni pɔi ka naai n tilim tibili maa ʒino bini maa yihibu.<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="EMD2022" /> Gbihibu tahibu na bari maa zuɣu gba nyɛla din ni tooi n sɔŋ tibili maa ʒino bini maa yihibu sɔya.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ʒino bini maa yihibu sɔya maa nyɛla din galisi amaa di shɛŋa n nye Mɔɣisibu bee kɔm vɔbu sɔli n ti pahi n-zaŋ kpatuɣa shɛli bɛ ni bɔli forceps.la n-yiɣi ŋa<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="Mer2022" /> Antibiotic ti' kom din dɔɣiri n niŋdi tiba ni nyɛla bɛ ni tooi zaŋ shɛli tibi ningbuŋ daŋsi bee di yi ti niŋ ka tiba ningbuŋ maa tahira.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Doro ŋɔ ni tooi tahi barina shɛŋa na saha shɛli bɛ ni yen yiɣi ʒino bini maa n nye tiba bia vɔli chibibu.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Tiba ʒino binyɛra shɛhiranima nyɛla din tooi niŋdi pam.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Di nyɛla din tooi niŋdi bihi ni pam<ref name="AFP2007">{{Cite journal|last=Heim|first=SW|last2=Maughan|first2=KL|title=Foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat.|journal=American family physician|date=15 October 2007|volume=76|issue=8|pages=1185-9|pmid=17990843}}</ref><ref name="Stat2022" /> Tiba ʒino binyɛra ŋɔ buɣisibu nyɛla din be ''Ancient literature'' kundu ni n ti pahi Hippocrates saba puuni din daa nam 400 BC.saha<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Journal of Ophthalmology, Otology, and Laryngology|date=1915|page=419|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|language=en|access-date=2022-05-10|archive-date=2022-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510142229/https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|url-status=live}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] plc02omn91tgrz3lkwa9ojxymat86q2 132651 132648 2026-04-18T14:39:58Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1458516|Ear foreign body]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132651 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name ={{PAGENAME}} |synonym =Foreign object in the ear, external auditory canal foreign body |image =EarFB.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =In red is the typical location of a foreign body in the ear |pronounce = |specialty =[[Otorhinolaryngology|ENT surgery]] |symptoms =None, ear pain, ear discharge, decreased hearing<ref name=Oy2018/> |onset = |duration = |causes = |risks = |diagnosis =Examination<ref name=Oy2018/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =Pain management, removal, antibiotics<ref name=EMD2022/> |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Relatively common (children)<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tiba ʒino binyɛra''' nyɛla '''ʒino binyɛra''' din kpe in the Tiba vɔya puunil.<ref name="EMD2022">{{Cite web|title=PEM Playbook - Foreign Bodies in the Head and Neck|url=http://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|website=emDOCs.net - Emergency Medicine Education|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en|date=30 March 2018|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124014438/https://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|url-status=live}}</ref> Doro ŋɔ nahingbana sh`eŋa n nye biɛrim n ti pahi mari yibina tiba maa puuni.<ref name="Oy2018">{{Cite journal|last=Oyama|first=LC|title=Foreign Bodies of the Ear, Nose and Throat.|journal=Emergency medicine clinics of North America|date=February 2019|volume=37|issue=1|pages=121-130|doi=10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.009|pmid=30454775}}</ref> Wumbu nyɛla din ni tooi vuui bela.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Doro ŋɔ barina shɛŋa n nye [[Farigu|ʒim pampam yibu]] bee ningbuŋ daŋa.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Binyɛra ŋɔ shɛŋa n tooi nye yɛribihi bee gbaŋ bee tamkpaɣu bee binneenbihi bee gumdi n ti pahi baatiri kpuli bihi.<ref name="Mer2022">{{Cite web|title=How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders|url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en-CA|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|url-status=live}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear "How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders"]. ''Merck Manuals Professional Edition''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear Archived] from the original on 30 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Lotterman|first=S|last2=Sohal|first2=M|title=Ear Foreign Body Removal|date=January 2022|pmid=29083719|journal=StatPearls}}</ref>Tiba ʒino binyɛra ŋɔ tooi zooya ka di ŋariti tiba vo'bihi din be Tiba gbana cartilage mini zuɣu kɔba sunsuuni.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Doro vihi m-baŋ dɔlila n zaŋ kpatuhi shɛli bɛ bɔli otoscope n lihi tiba maa puuni.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ti' shɛli bɛ ni bɔli lidocaine din tuli bela ka di galisim kuli nye hali 1 hali ni 2% nyƐla bɛ ni tooi dooi shɛli n-niŋ tiba maa puuni m baligi biɛrim di ni pɔi ka naai n tilim tibili maa ʒino bini maa yihibu.<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="EMD2022" /> Gbihibu tahibu na bari maa zuɣu gba nyɛla din ni tooi n sɔŋ tibili maa ʒino bini maa yihibu sɔya.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ʒino bini maa yihibu sɔya maa nyɛla din galisi amaa di shɛŋa n nye Mɔɣisibu bee kɔm vɔbu sɔli n ti pahi n-zaŋ kpatuɣa shɛli bɛ ni bɔli forceps.la n-yiɣi ŋa<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="Mer2022" /> Antibiotic ti' kom din dɔɣiri n niŋdi tiba ni nyɛla bɛ ni tooi zaŋ shɛli tibi ningbuŋ daŋsi bee di yi ti niŋ ka tiba ningbuŋ maa tahira.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Doro ŋɔ ni tooi tahi barina shɛŋa na saha shɛli bɛ ni yen yiɣi ʒino bini maa n nye tib' bia vɔli chibibu.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Tiba ʒino binyɛra shɛhiranima nyɛla din tooi niŋdi pam.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Di nyɛla din tooi niŋdi bihi ni pam<ref name="AFP2007">{{Cite journal|last=Heim|first=SW|last2=Maughan|first2=KL|title=Foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat.|journal=American family physician|date=15 October 2007|volume=76|issue=8|pages=1185-9|pmid=17990843}}</ref><ref name="Stat2022" /> Tiba ʒino binyɛra ŋɔ buɣisibu nyɛla din be Ancient literature kundu ni n ti pahi Hippocrates saba puuni din daa nam 400 BC.saha<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Journal of Ophthalmology, Otology, and Laryngology|date=1915|page=419|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|language=en|access-date=2022-05-10|archive-date=2022-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510142229/https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|url-status=live}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] 5k02a4nb8xwekzxocewo69t64o72ech 132667 132651 2026-04-18T16:42:43Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 132667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name ={{PAGENAME}} |synonym =Foreign object in the ear, external auditory canal foreign body |image =EarFB.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =In red is the typical location of a foreign body in the ear |pronounce = |specialty =[[Otorhinolaryngology|ENT surgery]] |symptoms =None, ear pain, ear discharge, decreased hearing<ref name=Oy2018/> |onset = |duration = |causes = |risks = |diagnosis =Examination<ref name=Oy2018/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =Pain management, removal, antibiotics<ref name=EMD2022/> |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =Relatively common (children)<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tiba ʒino binyɛra''' nyɛla '''ʒino binyɛra''' din kpe in the Tiba vɔya puunil.<ref name="EMD2022">{{Cite web|title=PEM Playbook - Foreign Bodies in the Head and Neck|url=http://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|website=emDOCs.net - Emergency Medicine Education|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en|date=30 March 2018|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124014438/https://www.emdocs.net/pem-playbook-foreign-bodies-in-the-head-and-neck/|url-status=live}}</ref> Doro ŋɔ nahingbana sh`eŋa n nye biɛrim n ti pahi mari yibina tiba maa puuni.<ref name="Oy2018">{{Cite journal|last=Oyama|first=LC|title=Foreign Bodies of the Ear, Nose and Throat.|journal=Emergency medicine clinics of North America|date=February 2019|volume=37|issue=1|pages=121-130|doi=10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.009|pmid=30454775}}</ref> Wumbu nyɛla din ni tooi vuui bela.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Doro ŋɔ barina shɛŋa n nye [[Farigu|ʒim pampam yibu]] bee ningbuŋ daŋa.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Binyɛra ŋɔ shɛŋa n tooi nye yɛribihi bee gbaŋ bee tamkpaɣu bee binneenbihi bee gumdi n ti pahi baatiri kpuli bihi.<ref name="Mer2022">{{Cite web|title=How To Remove a Foreign Body From the External Ear - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders|url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition|access-date=8 May 2022|language=en-CA|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030123755/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/how-to-do-ear-procedures/how-to-remove-a-foreign-body-from-the-external-ear|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Lotterman|first=S|last2=Sohal|first2=M|title=Ear Foreign Body Removal|date=January 2022|pmid=29083719|journal=StatPearls}}</ref>Tiba ʒino binyɛra ŋɔ tooi zooya ka di ŋariti tiba vo'bihi din be Tiba gbana cartilage mini zuɣu kɔba sunsuuni.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Doro vihi m-baŋ dɔlila n zaŋ kpatuhi shɛli bɛ bɔli otoscope n lihi tiba maa puuni.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ti' shɛli bɛ ni bɔli lidocaine din tuli bela ka di galisim kuli nye hali 1 hali ni 2% nyƐla bɛ ni tooi dooi shɛli n-niŋ tiba maa puuni m baligi biɛrim di ni pɔi ka naai n tilim tibili maa ʒino bini maa yihibu.<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="EMD2022" /> Gbihibu tahibu na bari maa zuɣu gba nyɛla din ni tooi n sɔŋ tibili maa ʒino bini maa yihibu sɔya.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Ʒino bini maa yihibu sɔya maa nyɛla din galisi amaa di shɛŋa n nye Mɔɣisibu bee kɔm vɔbu sɔli n ti pahi n-zaŋ kpatuɣa shɛli bɛ ni bɔli forceps.la n-yiɣi ŋa<ref name="Oy2018" /><ref name="Mer2022" /> Antibiotic ti' kom din dɔɣiri n niŋdi tiba ni nyɛla bɛ ni tooi zaŋ shɛli tibi ningbuŋ daŋsi bee di yi ti niŋ ka tiba ningbuŋ maa tahira.<ref name="EMD2022" /> Doro ŋɔ ni tooi tahi barina shɛŋa na saha shɛli bɛ ni yen yiɣi ʒino bini maa n nye tib' bia vɔli chibibu.<ref name="Oy2018" /> Tiba ʒino binyɛra shɛhiranima nyɛla din tooi niŋdi pam.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Di nyɛla din tooi niŋdi bihi ni pam<ref name="AFP2007">{{Cite journal|last=Heim|first=SW|last2=Maughan|first2=KL|title=Foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat.|journal=American family physician|date=15 October 2007|volume=76|issue=8|pages=1185-9|pmid=17990843}}</ref><ref name="Stat2022" /> Tiba ʒino binyɛra ŋɔ buɣisibu nyɛla din be Ancient literature kundu ni n ti pahi Hippocrates saba puuni din daa nam 400 BC.saha<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Journal of Ophthalmology, Otology, and Laryngology|date=1915|page=419|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|language=en|access-date=2022-05-10|archive-date=2022-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510142229/https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Journal_of_Ophthalmology_Otology_and/Q-IBAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA419|url-status=live}}</ref> == Kundivihira == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] fspykvb3rhgfs44dyumnukrvhr3clk2 Gunubu 0 33010 132635 2026-04-18T13:31:35Z Jahibia 2003 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1473937|Circumcision]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical intervention|name=Gunubu|image=Circumcision central Asia2.jpg|specialty=Dulim yaɣili, dabba dotali yaɣili|caption=Bia Gunubu Asia {{circa|1865{{endash}}1872}}}} '''Gunubu''' nyɛla gbaŋ shɛli din pa doo tooni yihibu<ref name="rudolph_2011">{{Cite book|vauthors=Rudolph C, Rudolph A, Lister G, First L, Gershon A|title=Rudolph's Pediatrics, 22nd Edition|page=188|date=18 March 2011|publisher=McGraw-Hill Companies, Incorporated|isbn=978-0-07-149723-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=or15PgAACAAJ|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118224324/https://books.google.com/books?id=or15PgAACAAJ|archive-date=18 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="sawyer_2011">{{Cite book|last=Sawyer S|title=Pediatric Physical Examination & Health Assessment|pages=555–556|date=November 2011|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|isbn=978-1-4496-7600-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W6eRUtlujbkC&pg=PA555|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118224324/https://books.google.com/books?id=W6eRUtlujbkC&pg=PA555|archive-date=2016-01-18}}</ref> Bi yi yɛn guni nira, bi zaŋdila suwa beei piliŋ n paagi gbaŋ shɛli din be o yo zuɣu ni, ka ŋmaagi n yihi lala gbaŋ maa. Gunubu sheei, bi niŋdi la kpam n bobili tooni maa poi din yɛn che ka bini gundi so maa bi wum biɛrim pam. Amaa shɛbi bi niŋdi lala.<ref name="AAP_2012">{{Cite journal|last=American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on Circumcision|title=Technical Report|journal=Pediatrics|volume=130|issue=3|year=2012|pages=e756–e785|issn=0031-4005|pmid=22926175|doi=10.1542/peds.2012-1990|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/130/3/e756.full|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920054623/http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/130/3/e756.full|archive-date=2012-09-20|doi-access=free}}</ref>Di zooya ka bi gundi bihi ka di nyɛla din doli shɛba kali beei adiini.<ref name="WHO_2007_GTDPSA">{{Cite web|title=Male circumcision: Global trends and determinants of prevalence, safety and acceptability|year=2007|publisher=World Health Organization|url=http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/jc1360_male_circumcision_en_0.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222194858/http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/jc1360_male_circumcision_en_0.pdf|archive-date=2015-12-22}}</ref> Amaa di yi kana alaafeei bomma yaɣali, gunubu nyɛla tibbu soli zaŋti doriti kamani yo zuɣu morilim ni din pahi, di yi ti niŋ ka tibbu soya dabam nye din koŋ nasara, di lahi malili n soŋ di tibiri dulim doriti din yuugi ka zaɣasi garibu.<ref name="lissauer_2012">{{Cite book|vauthors=Lissauer T, Clayden G|title=Illustrated Textbook of Paediatrics, Fourth edition|pages=352–353|date=October 2011|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-7234-3565-5|quote=Although routine neonatal circumcision is still common in some Western countries such as the USA, the arguments generally used to justify on medical grounds have been discredited and no national or international medical association currently advocates routine neonatal circumcision.}}</ref><ref name="hay_2012" /> Saha shɛŋa di yi niŋ ka niri tooni mali yɛli gola, di bi tu ni bi guni lala niri maa, bee niri ŋun ka sabita.<ref name="rudolph_2011" /><ref name="hay_2012">{{Cite book|vauthors=Hay W, Levin M|title=Current Diagnosis and Treatment Pediatrics 21/E|pages=18–19|date=25 June 2012|publisher=McGraw Hill Professional|isbn=978-0-07-177971-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V8lMJniWK_QC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118224324/https://books.google.com/books?id=V8lMJniWK_QC|archive-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> Duniya yaanga zuɣu alaafeei bomma tuma duri nyɛla ban ŋme nagban kpeeni zaŋ kpa gunubu polo, shɛba yɛliya ni di nyɛla din ka soŋsim zaŋti bihi daalaafei, ka lahi nye bin shɛli din mali yɛligola pam, beei din ni tooi n tahi barina na, ka shɛba gba yeli ni di nyɛla din mali soŋsim nti alaafeei, ka di soŋsim maa yaa gari yɛligoli shɛŋa dini ni tooi tahi na.<ref name="Bolnick_2012_ch1" /> Alaafeei tuma duu kpeni hali yini bi zaya ni di gunimi dabba zaa, bi mii bi lahi zaya ni di chɛli gunibu.<ref name="Bolnick_2012_ch1">{{Cite book|last=Jacobs|first=Micah|last2=Grady|first2=Richard|author-link2=<!--Not the Olympic athlete. Do not link-->|last3=Bolnick|first3=David A.|year=2012|chapter=Current Circumcision Trends and Guidelines|editor-last=Bolnick|editor-first=David A.|editor-last2=Koyle|editor-first2=Martin|editor-last3=Yosha|editor-first3=Assaf|title=Surgical Guide to Circumcision|location=London|publisher=Springer|pages=3–8|doi=10.1007/978-1-4471-2858-8_1|isbn=978-1-4471-2857-1|quote=Outside of strategic regions in sub-Saharan Africa, no call for routine circumcision has been made by any established medical organizations or governmental bodies. Positions on circumcision include "some medical benefit/parental choice" in the United States, "no medical benefit/parental choice" in Great Britain, and "no medical benefit/physical and psychological trauma/parental choice" in the Netherlands.}}</ref> Yɛla pam nyɛla niriba ni zaŋ soŋ zaŋ jɛndi bihi gunubu, ka shɛba yeli ni di nyɛla din birigiri zaligu di yi niŋ ka bi gunu bia ka di pa ni alaafie bomma soli zuɣu, dama bia maa ka hankali ni o piigi piibu zaŋkpa lala yɛlli ŋo maa polo.<ref name="pinto_2012">{{Cite journal|last=Pinto K|title=Circumcision controversies|journal=Pediatric Clinics of North America|volume=59|issue=4|pages=977–986|date=August 2012|doi=10.1016/j.pcl.2012.05.015|pmid=22857844}}</ref><ref name="caga-anan_2011">{{Cite book|vauthors=Caga-anan EC, Thomas AJ, Diekema DS, Mercurio MR, Adam MR|title=Clinical Ethics in Pediatrics: A Case-Based Textbook|page=43|date=8 September 2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-17361-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C1T6NrSPD_AC&pg=PA43|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118224324/https://books.google.com/books?id=C1T6NrSPD_AC&pg=PA43|archive-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> Dabaa gunubu nyɛla din baligiri doo ni yɛn nya HIV doro shɛm laɣambu sheei, di bahi bahandi dabba ban be gban sabila tingbana ni.<ref name="krieger_2011">{{Cite journal|last=Krieger JN|title=Male circumcision and HIV infection risk|journal=World Journal of Urology|volume=30|issue=1|pages=3–13|date=May 2011|pmid=21590467|doi=10.1007/s00345-011-0696-x}}</ref><ref name="siegfried_Cochrane_2009">{{Cite journal|last=Siegfried|first=N|last2=Muller|first2=M|last3=Deeks|first3=JJ|last4=Volmink|first4=J|title=Male circumcision for prevention of heterosexual acquisition of HIV in men|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|issue=2|pages=CD003362|year=2009|pmid=19370585|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003362.pub2|editor-last=Siegfried|editor-first=Nandi}}</ref> Duniya yaanga zuɣu alaafeei tuma duu (WHO) wuhiya ni di gunumi niriba ban be yaɣa shɛli HIV doro ŋo ni niŋ bayana, din yen soŋ ka di gu ka taɣi li.<ref name="WHO_HIV_2007">{{Cite web|title=WHO and UNAIDS announce recommendations from expert consultation on male circumcision for HIV prevention|publisher=World Health Organization|date=March 2007|url=http://www.who.int/hiv/mediacentre/news68/en/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312062808/http://www.who.int/hiv/mediacentre/news68/en/index.html|archive-date=2013-03-12}}</ref> Amaa di yi kana tingban'shɛŋa din lɛbigi, gunubu zaŋ gu ka taɣi HIV doro ŋo nyɛla din bi neei nti.<ref name="kim_2010">{{Cite journal|last=Kim|first=Howard H|last2=Li|first2=Philip S|last3=Goldstein|first3=Marc|date=November 2010|title=Male circumcision: Africa and beyond?|journal=Current Opinion in Urology|volume=20|issue=6|pages=515–9|doi=10.1097/MOU.0b013e32833f1b21|pmid=20844437}}</ref> amaa shahira beei vihigu biɛni n wuhi ni gunubu nyɛla din baligiri niri ni yɛn nya HIV doro ŋo shɛm , balleei, di yi kana dabba ban laɣindi bi dabi taba.<ref name="Shar2017">{{Cite journal|last=Sharma|first=SC|last2=Raison|first2=N|last3=Khan|first3=S|last4=Shabbir|first4=M|last5=Dasgupta|first5=P|last6=Ahmed|first6=K|title=Male Circumcision for the Prevention of HIV Acquisition: A Meta-Analysis|journal=BJU International|volume=121|issue=4|pages=515–526|date=12 December 2017|doi=10.1111/bju.14102|pmid=29232046|doi-access=free}}</ref> Gunubu lahi nyɛla din soŋdi guri ka taɣiri "human papillomavirus" bali shɛŋa din tahiri yoɣu na,<ref name="larke_HPV_2011">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Larke N, Thomas SL, Dos Santos Silva I, Weiss HA|title=Male circumcision and human papillomavirus infection in men: a systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=J. Infect. Dis.|volume=204|issue=9|pages=1375–90|date=November 2011|pmid=21965090|doi=10.1093/infdis/jir523|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="rehmeyer_2011">{{Cite journal|last=Rehmeyer C|first=CJ|year=2011|title=Male Circumcision and Human Papillomavirus Studies Reviewed by Infection Stage and Virus Type|journal=J Am Osteopath Assoc|volume=111|issue=3 suppl 2|pages=S11–S18|pmid=21415373}}</ref> ni dulim soli doriti.<ref name="AAP_2012" /> Di lahi nyɛla din baligiri yoɣu din kpɛri doo tooni, ka di bi tooi gbaari dabba yiriŋ.<ref name="AAP_2012" /> Di bahi bahandi di nyɛla din ni soŋ n gu ka taɣi dori shɛŋa maa zaa yoli, di bi wuhi ni di gunimi bihi yiriŋ , di yi kana tiggbana ban lɛbigi ni.<ref name="lissauer_2012" /> Di yi lahi lihi dabba ni paɣaba laɣimbu doriti la, di wuhiya ni gunubu nyɛla din taɣiri niri ka chɛri dori shɛŋa, nti pahi dori shɛŋa din yiri na doo ni doo laɣambu ni.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Yuan|first=Tanwei|last2=Fitzpatrick|first2=Thomas|last3=Ko|first3=Nai-Ying|last4=Cai|first4=Yong|last5=Chen|first5=Yingqing|last6=Zhao|first6=Jin|last7=Li|first7=Linghua|last8=Xu|first8=Junjie|last9=Gu|first9=Jing|date=April 2019|title=Circumcision to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global data|journal=The Lancet Global Health|volume=7|issue=4|pages=e436–e447|doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30567-9|issn=2214-109X|pmid=30879508|doi-access=free}}</ref> Yuuni 2010, vihigu daa wuhiya ni alaafeei tumtumdiba ni daa guni shɛba ka yɛli gola daa niŋ nyɛla kobigi puuni vaabu yim ni pirigili (1.5%) bihi ni, ni kobigi puuni vaabu dibaayobu bikura beei ninkura ni, ka ban daa mali yɛligola pam bi galisi.<ref name="weiss_2010_complications" /> Ʒi yiri biɛɣu, doro nti pahi gbaŋ maa paabu yaɣi n nye yɛligola shɛŋa din i tooi kana.<ref name="weiss_2010_complications" /> Saha shɛŋa biɛni, di che ka dulim di doli so shɛli yiri doo tooni maa bi yoori viɛnyela, dini n ye di yɛligoli kpeeni.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Selekman|first=Rachel|title=Campbell Walsh Wein Urology|last2=Copp|first2=Hillary|publisher=Elsevier|year=2020|isbn=9780323672276|editor-last=Partin|editor-first=Alan|edition=12th|location=|pages=388–402|chapter=Urologic Evaluation of the Child|editor-last2=|editor-first2=}}</ref> Yɛligola ŋo nyɛla din galisi di yi niŋ ka niri ŋun dii bi mi di yɛltoɣa guni nira, beei ka o zaŋ su shɛli din ka kasi, beei di yi niŋ ka bi gundi ninkura.<ref name="weiss_2010_complications">{{Cite journal|last=Weiss|first=HA|title=Complications of circumcision in male neonates, infants and children: a systematic review|journal=BMC Urol|volume=10|pages=2|year=2010|pmid=20158883|pmc=2835667|doi=10.1186/1471-2490-10-2|last2=Larke|first2=N|last3=Halperin|first3=D|last4=Schenker|first4=I}}</ref> Di yi niŋ ka bi guni nira, di pala bin shɛli din mali yɛli muɣisirili beei yɛlgola di yi niŋ ka o yi yen laɣim paɣa, beei di ni boori doo kpaŋmaŋa laɣimbu sheei.<ref name="Morris et al. 2013">{{Cite journal|last=Morris|first=BJ|last2=Krieger|first2=JN|title=Does male circumcision affect sexual function, sensitivity, or satisfaction?--a systematic review|journal=The Journal of Sexual Medicine|date=November 2013|volume=10|issue=11|pages=2644–57|pmid=23937309|doi=10.1111/jsm.12293|citeseerx=10.1.1.693.6628}}</ref> Di yi pu duniya yaanga zuɣu dabba buta, vaabu yim nyɛla bi ni guni shɛba.<ref name="WHO_2007_GTDPSA" /><ref name="weiss_2010_complications" /><ref name="WHO_2010_neonatal_child_MC">{{Cite web|url=http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/malecircumcision/neonatal_child_MC_UNAIDS.pdf|title=Neonatal and child male circumcision: a global review|access-date=12 April 2015|year=2010|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118224325/http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/malecircumcision/neonatal_child_MC_UNAIDS.pdf|archive-date=2016-01-18}}</ref> Gunubu nyɛla din niŋ bayaana musulinima , di yaahuudaawanima ni , ka di nyɛla adiini zuɣu, ni [[United States]], nti pahi Southeast Asia ni [[Afrika]].<ref name="WHO_2007_GTDPSA" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Owings|first=Maria|title=Products - Health E Stats - Trends in Circumcision Among Male Newborns Born in U.S. Hospitals: 1979–2010|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/circumcision_2013/Circumcision_2013.htm|website=www.cdc.gov|publisher=The Centers for Disease Control|access-date=1 May 2019|archive-date=23 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123154548/http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/circumcision_2013/circumcision_2013.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Luɣ'shɛŋa gunibi ni bi doli adiini n nye : Europe, Latin America, Southern Africa yaɣa shɛŋa , ni Asia yaɣa pam.<ref name="WHO_2007_GTDPSA" /> Gunubu ni pili shɛli bi neei ti, amaa bini tuu nya sabbu ka gunibu be dini, lala sabbu ŋo daa nyɛla din yi [[Egypt]] na.<ref name="WHO_2007_GTDPSA" /><ref name="Doy2005">{{Cite journal|last=Doyle D|title=Ritual male circumcision: a brief history|journal=The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh|volume=35|issue=3|pages=279–285|date=October 2005|pmid=16402509}}</ref> Baŋsim yaɣa pam nyɛla ban sabi wuhi di ni ni tooi niŋ ka gunubu pili luɣ'shɛli, ka shɛbi yeli ni di nyɛla maligu adiini puuni, beei soli din wuhiri ni bidib'bila ba leegi doo.<ref name="alanis_2004">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Alanis MC, Lucidi RS|title=Neonatal circumcision: a review of the world's oldest and most controversial operation|journal=Obstet Gynecol Surv|volume=59|issue=5|pages=379–95|date=May 2004|pmid=15097799|doi=10.1097/00006254-200405000-00026}}</ref> Di nyɛla din pahi adiini zalilsi puuni , di yi kana Judaism adiini ni.<ref name="glass_1999">{{Cite journal|last=Glass JM|title=Religious circumcision: a Jewish view|journal=[[BJUI]]|volume=83 Suppl 1|pages=17–21|date=January 1999|pmid=10349410|doi=10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1017.x}}</ref> ka lahi nyɛ binshɛli musulinima ni zoogi ka bi niŋda , dolodolonima shɛba gba.<ref name="WHO_2007_GTDPSA" /><ref name="clark_2011">{{Cite book|last=Clark M|title=Islam For Dummies|page=170|date=10 March 2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-05396-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zPXu561ZpvgC&pg=PA178|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118224324/https://books.google.com/books?id=zPXu561ZpvgC&pg=PA178|archive-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> Di yi lɛbigi gunubu sliminsili, lala bachi maa nyɛla din yi Latin yeltoɣa ni "circumdere" din gbinni nye "n ŋmaagi gili".<ref name="WHO_2007_GTDPSA" /> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] syhi125q2t0s1misyyingodr86dpaen Vaginal discharge (Kom din yiri paɣa tooni) 0 33011 132649 2026-04-18T14:38:55Z Jahibia 2003 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456650|Vaginal discharge]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132649 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Kom din yiri paɣa tooni |synonym = |image =Speculum and vaginal discharge.svg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =Bombu din wuhiri kom din yiri paɣa tooni, din wuhiri ni yɛl'muɣisirili bee doro be paɣa maa tooni. |pronounce = |specialty =Paɣatali yaɣili |symptoms =''Din niŋ dede''': komkom, din gbirisa, din dabisa, zaɣ'piɛlli,<ref name=Beck2014 /><ref name=NHS2020/><br>'''Din bi niŋ dede''': nahinggbaŋ taɣibu, galisim pahibu, nyom biɛɣu, Zaɣisigu, biɛrim,saɣinga ni biɛrim, tooni ʒim yibu, laɣambu sheei biɛrim<ref name=NHS2020/><ref name=Mer2020/> |onset = |duration = |causes = |risks = |diagnosis = |differential =Galimi kani , "bacterial vaginosis", kpaɣu piɛliga" "trichomoniasis", "chlamydia", "gonorrhea", "herpes"<ref name=NHS2020/> |prevention = |treatment = |medication = |prognosis = |frequency = |deaths = }}Kom din yiri paɣa tooni ni tooi nye din ka muɣisigu shɛli bee din mali muɣisigu.<ref name="NHS2020">{{Cite web|title=Vaginal discharge|url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaginal-discharge/|website=nhs.uk|access-date=24 September 2020|language=en|date=18 October 2017|archive-date=23 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923201018/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaginal-discharge/|url-status=live}}</ref> Di din ka barina maa nyɛla din niŋdi paɣaba ni bipuɣinsi pam.<ref name="NHS2020" /> Kom maa galisim, ni din be dini, nyɛla din woli zaŋti paɣa kam, zaŋ gbaagi o sorilim biɛhigu ni o paɣatali lɛbigimsim.<ref name="Hack2016">{{Cite book|title=Hacker & Moore's Essentials of Obstetrics and Gynecology|last=Hacker|first=Neville F.|publisher=Elsevier|year=2016|isbn=9781455775583|edition=6th|location=Philadelphia, PA|pages=276|quote=|via=}}</ref> Di ni tooi nye komkom, bee ka di gbirisa, saha shɛŋa di ni tooi dabisa, di ni tooi kuli ŋmani ko piɛliga saha shɛŋa ka saha shɛŋa gba ni nahingbana nye zaɣ'piɛlli.<ref name="Beck2014">{{Cite book|title=Obstetrics and Gynecology|last=Beckmann|first=R.B.|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|year=2014|isbn=9781451144314|edition=7th|location=Baltimore, MD|pages=260|quote=|via=}}</ref><ref name="NHS2020" /> Di nyɛla din bi nyo , ka di yi yira, di bi zaɣisira bee n biɛra.<ref name="Hack2016" /> Di ni tooi niŋ ka di galisi , lala ŋo nyɛla din zoogi ka di niŋ di paɣa puhi, beei niriba ban zoogi ka bi mini dabba laɣinda, beei niriba ban vaani doɣi saɣisi tima.<ref name="Hack2016" /><ref name="NHS2020" /> Lala ko shɛli din yiri paɣaba tooni ŋo nyɛla din gabi kom, binnɛma, ni din pahi, din che ka paɣa tooni bi kuura, ka lahi nye din guri ka taɣiri paɣa tooni ka chɛri doriti.<ref name="Beck2014" /> Paɣa tooni gbana ni bini shɛli dini boli "cervix" (din be paɣa tooni mini o doɣim surugu sunsuni ) nye din yihiri lala kom ŋo na, ka nye din doli paɣa tooni n yira.<ref name="Mer2020">{{Cite web|title=Vaginal Discharge - Women's Health Issues|url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/symptoms-of-gynecologic-disorders/vaginal-discharge|website=Merck Manuals Consumer Version|access-date=24 September 2020|archive-date=24 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224070430/https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/symptoms-of-gynecologic-disorders/vaginal-discharge|url-status=live}}</ref> Di pala bin shɛli niri ni ni tooi gu ka taɣi, di pahila paɣa nama ni, amaa alaafeei tuma duu nima bi yu ni nira mali chibo ni tulaalenima n paɣiri o tooni, dama di nyɛla binshɛli din paɣiri di tɔli.<ref name="NHS2020" /> Di bahi bahandi kom ŋo yibu nyɛla binshɛli din pahi o nama ni la , saha shɛŋa biɛni , di yi ti niŋ ka kom maa nahingbana taɣi, di wuhiya ni doro beei yɛli muɣisirili shɛli be di ni.<ref name="Richardson2022">{{Cite journal|last=Richardson|first=Ania|last2=Robinson|first2=Angela J.|title=Vaginal discharge|journal=Medicine|date=1 May 2022|volume=50|issue=5|pages=254–258|doi=10.1016/j.mpmed.2022.02.002|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1357303922000469|language=en|issn=1357-3039}}</ref> Doro ni tooi taɣi paɣa ko shɛli din yiri paɣa tooni nahingbana, doriti kamani kpaɣu piɛliga, "bacterial vaginosis", ni pahi paɣa mini doo laɣimbu doriti..<ref name="Rice2016">{{Cite journal|last=Rice|first=Alexandra|year=2016|title=Vaginal Discharge|url=|journal=Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine|volume=26|issue=11|pages=317–323|doi=10.1016/j.ogrm.2016.08.002}}</ref> Yɛli shɛŋa din ni tooi lahi taɣi kom ŋo nahingbana n nye niri yi zaŋ binyɛra n niŋ o tooni, beeei ka o ʒini chibi kom ni , dini boli binshɛli "bubble bath" la.<ref name="Mer2020" /> Ko shɛli din yiri paɣa tooni ka di nyɛla doro beei yɛli muɣisirili nahingbana doli la binshɛli din tahili na, kamani, nyom biɛɣu, zaɣisigu, biɛrim, saɣingi ni biɛrim bee tooni ʒim yibu, nti pahi laɣimbu sheei biɛrim.<ref name="NHS2020" /><ref name="Mer2020" /> == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] l5zhb2ejv46edj6ysa27tbsdaz9j36h 132671 132649 2026-04-19T11:49:02Z Kalakpagh 2501 /* References */ Updated Content 132671 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Kom din yiri paɣa tooni |synonym = |image =Speculum and vaginal discharge.svg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =Bombu din wuhiri kom din yiri paɣa tooni, din wuhiri ni yɛl'muɣisirili bee doro be paɣa maa tooni. |pronounce = |specialty =Paɣatali yaɣili |symptoms =''Din niŋ dede''': komkom, din gbirisa, din dabisa, zaɣ'piɛlli,<ref name=Beck2014 /><ref name=NHS2020/><br>'''Din bi niŋ dede''': nahinggbaŋ taɣibu, galisim pahibu, nyom biɛɣu, Zaɣisigu, biɛrim,saɣinga ni biɛrim, tooni ʒim yibu, laɣambu sheei biɛrim<ref name=NHS2020/><ref name=Mer2020/> |onset = |duration = |causes = |risks = |diagnosis = |differential =Galimi kani , "bacterial vaginosis", kpaɣu piɛliga" "trichomoniasis", "chlamydia", "gonorrhea", "herpes"<ref name=NHS2020/> |prevention = |treatment = |medication = |prognosis = |frequency = |deaths = }}Kom din yiri paɣa tooni ni tooi nye din ka muɣisigu shɛli bee din mali muɣisigu.<ref name="NHS2020">{{Cite web|title=Vaginal discharge|url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaginal-discharge/|website=nhs.uk|access-date=24 September 2020|language=en|date=18 October 2017|archive-date=23 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923201018/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaginal-discharge/|url-status=live}}</ref> Di din ka barina maa nyɛla din niŋdi paɣaba ni bipuɣinsi pam.<ref name="NHS2020" /> Kom maa galisim, ni din be dini, nyɛla din woli zaŋti paɣa kam, zaŋ gbaagi o sorilim biɛhigu ni o paɣatali lɛbigimsim.<ref name="Hack2016">{{Cite book|title=Hacker & Moore's Essentials of Obstetrics and Gynecology|last=Hacker|first=Neville F.|publisher=Elsevier|year=2016|isbn=9781455775583|edition=6th|location=Philadelphia, PA|pages=276|quote=|via=}}</ref> Di ni tooi nye komkom, bee ka di gbirisa, saha shɛŋa di ni tooi dabisa, di ni tooi kuli ŋmani ko piɛliga saha shɛŋa ka saha shɛŋa gba ni nahingbana nye zaɣ'piɛlli.<ref name="Beck2014">{{Cite book|title=Obstetrics and Gynecology|last=Beckmann|first=R.B.|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|year=2014|isbn=9781451144314|edition=7th|location=Baltimore, MD|pages=260|quote=|via=}}</ref><ref name="NHS2020" /> Di nyɛla din bi nyo , ka di yi yira, di bi zaɣisira bee n biɛra.<ref name="Hack2016" /> Di ni tooi niŋ ka di galisi , lala ŋo nyɛla din zoogi ka di niŋ di paɣa puhi, beei niriba ban zoogi ka bi mini dabba laɣinda, beei niriba ban vaani doɣi saɣisi tima.<ref name="Hack2016" /><ref name="NHS2020" /> Lala ko shɛli din yiri paɣaba tooni ŋo nyɛla din gabi kom, binnɛma, ni din pahi, din che ka paɣa tooni bi kuura, ka lahi nye din guri ka taɣiri paɣa tooni ka chɛri doriti.<ref name="Beck2014" /> Paɣa tooni gbana ni bini shɛli dini boli "cervix" (din be paɣa tooni mini o doɣim surugu sunsuni ) nye din yihiri lala kom ŋo na, ka nye din doli paɣa tooni n yira.<ref name="Mer2020">{{Cite web|title=Vaginal Discharge - Women's Health Issues|url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/symptoms-of-gynecologic-disorders/vaginal-discharge|website=Merck Manuals Consumer Version|access-date=24 September 2020|archive-date=24 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224070430/https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/symptoms-of-gynecologic-disorders/vaginal-discharge|url-status=live}}</ref> Di pala bin shɛli niri ni ni tooi gu ka taɣi, di pahila paɣa nama ni, amaa alaafeei tuma duu nima bi yu ni nira mali chibo ni tulaalenima n paɣiri o tooni, dama di nyɛla binshɛli din paɣiri di tɔli.<ref name="NHS2020" /> Di bahi bahandi kom ŋo yibu nyɛla binshɛli din pahi o nama ni la , saha shɛŋa biɛni , di yi ti niŋ ka kom maa nahingbana taɣi, di wuhiya ni doro beei yɛli muɣisirili shɛli be di ni.<ref name="Richardson2022">{{Cite journal|last=Richardson|first=Ania|last2=Robinson|first2=Angela J.|title=Vaginal discharge|journal=Medicine|date=1 May 2022|volume=50|issue=5|pages=254–258|doi=10.1016/j.mpmed.2022.02.002|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1357303922000469|language=en|issn=1357-3039}}</ref> Doro ni tooi taɣi paɣa ko shɛli din yiri paɣa tooni nahingbana, doriti kamani kpaɣu piɛliga, "bacterial vaginosis", ni pahi paɣa mini doo laɣimbu doriti..<ref name="Rice2016">{{Cite journal|last=Rice|first=Alexandra|year=2016|title=Vaginal Discharge|url=|journal=Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine|volume=26|issue=11|pages=317–323|doi=10.1016/j.ogrm.2016.08.002}}</ref> Yɛli shɛŋa din ni tooi lahi taɣi kom ŋo nahingbana n nye niri yi zaŋ binyɛra n niŋ o tooni, beeei ka o ʒini chibi kom ni , dini boli binshɛli "bubble bath" la.<ref name="Mer2020" /> Ko shɛli din yiri paɣa tooni ka di nyɛla doro beei yɛli muɣisirili nahingbana doli la binshɛli din tahili na, kamani, nyom biɛɣu, zaɣisigu, biɛrim, saɣingi ni biɛrim bee tooni ʒim yibu, nti pahi laɣimbu sheei biɛrim.<ref name="NHS2020" /><ref name="Mer2020" /> == Kundivihira == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] rnfyqn6x339c5zh4qzpbsxnyloowa4a Tib' bia vɔli chibibu 0 33012 132650 2026-04-18T14:39:22Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1469090|Perforated eardrum]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132650 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Perforated eardrum |synonym =Perforated tympanic membrane, punctured eardrum, ruptured eardrum |image =PerforationTympan.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =A completely perforated eardrum, showing the handle of the [[malleus]] (hammer bone). |pronounce = |specialty =[[ENT surgery]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[ear pain]], ear discharge, [[tinnitis|ringing in the ear]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |onset =Sudden<ref name=Stat2022/> |duration = |causes =[[Middle ear infection]], [[physical trauma]], [[overpressure]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/><ref name=Mer2022Pt/> |risks = |diagnosis =Based on examination by [[otoscopy]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =[[Conservative management|Conservative]], [[antibiotics]], surgery<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |medication = |prognosis =Good<ref name=Stat2022/> |frequency =Relatively frequent<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Perforated eardrum''', also known as '''perforated tympanic membrane''', is a hole in the eardrum. Symptoms may include [[Kpuribu|hearing loss]], [[Sankpaŋ|ear pain]], discharge from the ear, or [[Tinnitus|ringing in the ear]].<ref name=NHS2022Over>{{cite web |title=Perforated eardrum |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |website=nhs.uk |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en |date=23 October 2017 |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |date=24 March 2022 }}</ref> Vertigo may occur, but is typically brief, unless there is an associated inner ear injury.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Complications may include long-term hearing loss, cholesteatoma, and mastoiditis.<ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Dolhi|first=N|last2=Weimer|first2=AD|title=Tympanic Membrane Perforations|date=January 2022|pmid=32491810|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Causes may include a [[Otitis media|middle ear infection]], trauma such as being hit in the ear or ear clearing, a loud noise, or change in pressure, such as seen with scuba diving. Diagnosis can be confirmed by looking in the ear with an otoscope.<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Hearing testing may also be done.<ref name=Mer2022Pt>{{cite web |title=Eardrum Perforation - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders |url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |website=Merck Manuals Consumer Version |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en-CA |archive-date=12 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |date=12 November 2021 }}</ref> Often a perforations will heal on its own; with recommendations including keeping the ear dry until then.<ref name=Mer2022Pt /> If an underlying infection is present, this may be treated with antibiotics.<ref name=NHS2022Over /> If the hole is large or does not resolve after two month surgery may be an option.<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Perforated eardrums occur relatively frequently.<ref name="Stat2022" /> They most commonly occurs in younger people.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Males are more commonly affected than females.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Treatment for a perforated eardrum date back to at least the 1640s when plugs were placed in the ears. == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] bje4t4p0oq3l9lpy6kbf1c002afgrba 132652 132650 2026-04-18T14:41:30Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1469090|Perforated eardrum]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132652 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Perforated eardrum |synonym =Perforated tympanic membrane, punctured eardrum, ruptured eardrum |image =PerforationTympan.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =A completely perforated eardrum, showing the handle of the [[malleus]] (hammer bone). |pronounce = |specialty =[[ENT surgery]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[ear pain]], ear discharge, [[tinnitis|ringing in the ear]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |onset =Sudden<ref name=Stat2022/> |duration = |causes =[[Middle ear infection]], [[physical trauma]], [[overpressure]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/><ref name=Mer2022Pt/> |risks = |diagnosis =Based on examination by [[otoscopy]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =[[Conservative management|Conservative]], [[antibiotics]], surgery<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |medication = |prognosis =Good<ref name=Stat2022/> |frequency =Relatively frequent<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tib' bia vɔli chibibu''' nyɛla vɔli ni ti chibi n yooi tib' bia puuni Symptoms may include [[Kpuribu|hearing loss]], [[Sankpaŋ|ear pain]], discharge from the ear, or [[Tinnitus|ringing in the ear]].<ref name=NHS2022Over>{{cite web |title=Perforated eardrum |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |website=nhs.uk |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en |date=23 October 2017 |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |date=24 March 2022 }}</ref> Vertigo may occur, but is typically brief, unless there is an associated inner ear injury.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Complications may include long-term hearing loss, cholesteatoma, and mastoiditis.<ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Dolhi|first=N|last2=Weimer|first2=AD|title=Tympanic Membrane Perforations|date=January 2022|pmid=32491810|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Causes may include a [[Otitis media|middle ear infection]], trauma such as being hit in the ear or ear clearing, a loud noise, or change in pressure, such as seen with scuba diving. Diagnosis can be confirmed by looking in the ear with an otoscope.<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Hearing testing may also be done.<ref name=Mer2022Pt>{{cite web |title=Eardrum Perforation - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders |url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |website=Merck Manuals Consumer Version |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en-CA |archive-date=12 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |date=12 November 2021 }}</ref> Often a perforations will heal on its own; with recommendations including keeping the ear dry until then.<ref name=Mer2022Pt /> If an underlying infection is present, this may be treated with antibiotics.<ref name=NHS2022Over /> If the hole is large or does not resolve after two month surgery may be an option.<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Perforated eardrums occur relatively frequently.<ref name="Stat2022" /> They most commonly occurs in younger people.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Males are more commonly affected than females.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Treatment for a perforated eardrum date back to at least the 1640s when plugs were placed in the ears. == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] buszgxqb4znu4fbyvy4nwjq0dovvkp8 132653 132652 2026-04-18T15:07:47Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1469090|Perforated eardrum]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132653 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Perforated eardrum |synonym =Perforated tympanic membrane, punctured eardrum, ruptured eardrum |image =PerforationTympan.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =A completely perforated eardrum, showing the handle of the [[malleus]] (hammer bone). |pronounce = |specialty =[[ENT surgery]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[ear pain]], ear discharge, [[tinnitis|ringing in the ear]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |onset =Sudden<ref name=Stat2022/> |duration = |causes =[[Middle ear infection]], [[physical trauma]], [[overpressure]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/><ref name=Mer2022Pt/> |risks = |diagnosis =Based on examination by [[otoscopy]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =[[Conservative management|Conservative]], [[antibiotics]], surgery<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |medication = |prognosis =Good<ref name=Stat2022/> |frequency =Relatively frequent<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tib' bia vɔli chibibu''' nyɛla vɔli ni ti chibi n yooi tib' bia puuni Doro ŋɔ nahingbana n nye [[kpuribu]] bee [[sankpaŋ]] bee mari yirina tibili maa ni bee [[Tinnitus|kumsim bihi wumbu tibili maa ni]].<ref name=NHS2022Over>{{cite web |title=Perforated eardrum |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |website=nhs.uk |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en |date=23 October 2017 |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |date=24 March 2022 }}</ref> Vertigo may occur, but is typically brief, unless there is an associated inner ear injury.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Complications may include long-term hearing loss, cholesteatoma, and mastoiditis.<ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Dolhi|first=N|last2=Weimer|first2=AD|title=Tympanic Membrane Perforations|date=January 2022|pmid=32491810|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Causes may include a [[Otitis media|middle ear infection]], trauma such as being hit in the ear or ear clearing, a loud noise, or change in pressure, such as seen with scuba diving. Diagnosis can be confirmed by looking in the ear with an otoscope.<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Hearing testing may also be done.<ref name=Mer2022Pt>{{cite web |title=Eardrum Perforation - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders |url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |website=Merck Manuals Consumer Version |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en-CA |archive-date=12 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |date=12 November 2021 }}</ref> Often a perforations will heal on its own; with recommendations including keeping the ear dry until then.<ref name=Mer2022Pt /> If an underlying infection is present, this may be treated with antibiotics.<ref name=NHS2022Over /> If the hole is large or does not resolve after two month surgery may be an option.<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Perforated eardrums occur relatively frequently.<ref name="Stat2022" /> They most commonly occurs in younger people.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Males are more commonly affected than females.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Treatment for a perforated eardrum date back to at least the 1640s when plugs were placed in the ears. == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] k2tssi8oreagjnnkuzoq6hcs0v6yshi 132654 132653 2026-04-18T15:10:49Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1469090|Perforated eardrum]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132654 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Perforated eardrum |synonym =Perforated tympanic membrane, punctured eardrum, ruptured eardrum |image =PerforationTympan.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =A completely perforated eardrum, showing the handle of the [[malleus]] (hammer bone). |pronounce = |specialty =[[ENT surgery]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[ear pain]], ear discharge, [[tinnitis|ringing in the ear]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |onset =Sudden<ref name=Stat2022/> |duration = |causes =[[Middle ear infection]], [[physical trauma]], [[overpressure]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/><ref name=Mer2022Pt/> |risks = |diagnosis =Based on examination by [[otoscopy]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =[[Conservative management|Conservative]], [[antibiotics]], surgery<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |medication = |prognosis =Good<ref name=Stat2022/> |frequency =Relatively frequent<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tib' bia vɔli chibibu''' nyɛla vɔli ni ti chibi n yooi tib' bia puuni Doro ŋɔ nahingbana n nye [[kpuribu]] bee [[sankpaŋ]] bee mari yirina tibili maa ni bee [[Tinnitus|kumsim bihi wumbu tibili maa ni]].<ref name=NHS2022Over>{{cite web |title=Perforated eardrum |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |website=nhs.uk |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en |date=23 October 2017 |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |date=24 March 2022 }}</ref> Vertigo gba nyɛla din ni tooi dɔli na,tɔr amaa di bɛ yuura naɣila tibili maa puuni n deei daŋa.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Complications may include long-term hearing loss, cholesteatoma, and mastoiditis.<ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Dolhi|first=N|last2=Weimer|first2=AD|title=Tympanic Membrane Perforations|date=January 2022|pmid=32491810|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Causes may include a [[Otitis media|middle ear infection]], trauma such as being hit in the ear or ear clearing, a loud noise, or change in pressure, such as seen with scuba diving. Diagnosis can be confirmed by looking in the ear with an otoscope.<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Hearing testing may also be done.<ref name=Mer2022Pt>{{cite web |title=Eardrum Perforation - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders |url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |website=Merck Manuals Consumer Version |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en-CA |archive-date=12 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |date=12 November 2021 }}</ref> Often a perforations will heal on its own; with recommendations including keeping the ear dry until then.<ref name=Mer2022Pt /> If an underlying infection is present, this may be treated with antibiotics.<ref name=NHS2022Over /> If the hole is large or does not resolve after two month surgery may be an option.<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Perforated eardrums occur relatively frequently.<ref name="Stat2022" /> They most commonly occurs in younger people.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Males are more commonly affected than females.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Treatment for a perforated eardrum date back to at least the 1640s when plugs were placed in the ears. == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] 19z8nnmawqp3vtrww02fe1dkyahpqv5 132655 132654 2026-04-18T15:13:13Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1469090|Perforated eardrum]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132655 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Perforated eardrum |synonym =Perforated tympanic membrane, punctured eardrum, ruptured eardrum |image =PerforationTympan.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =A completely perforated eardrum, showing the handle of the [[malleus]] (hammer bone). |pronounce = |specialty =[[ENT surgery]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[ear pain]], ear discharge, [[tinnitis|ringing in the ear]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |onset =Sudden<ref name=Stat2022/> |duration = |causes =[[Middle ear infection]], [[physical trauma]], [[overpressure]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/><ref name=Mer2022Pt/> |risks = |diagnosis =Based on examination by [[otoscopy]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =[[Conservative management|Conservative]], [[antibiotics]], surgery<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |medication = |prognosis =Good<ref name=Stat2022/> |frequency =Relatively frequent<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tib' bia vɔli chibibu''' nyɛla vɔli ni ti chibi n yooi tib' bia puuni Doro ŋɔ nahingbana n nye [[kpuribu]] bee [[sankpaŋ]] bee mari yirina tibili maa ni bee [[Tinnitus|kumsim bihi wumbu tibili maa ni]].<ref name=NHS2022Over>{{cite web |title=Perforated eardrum |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |website=nhs.uk |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en |date=23 October 2017 |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |date=24 March 2022 }}</ref> Vertigo gba nyɛla din ni tooi dɔli na,tɔr amaa di bɛ yuura naɣila tibili maa puuni n deei daŋa.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Doro ŋɔ barina shɛŋa n nye kpuribu din ni tooi di saha waɣala bee cholesteatoma n ti pahimastoiditis.<ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Dolhi|first=N|last2=Weimer|first2=AD|title=Tympanic Membrane Perforations|date=January 2022|pmid=32491810|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Causes may include a [[Otitis media|middle ear infection]], trauma such as being hit in the ear or ear clearing, a loud noise, or change in pressure, such as seen with scuba diving. Diagnosis can be confirmed by looking in the ear with an otoscope.<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Hearing testing may also be done.<ref name=Mer2022Pt>{{cite web |title=Eardrum Perforation - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders |url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |website=Merck Manuals Consumer Version |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en-CA |archive-date=12 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |date=12 November 2021 }}</ref> Often a perforations will heal on its own; with recommendations including keeping the ear dry until then.<ref name=Mer2022Pt /> If an underlying infection is present, this may be treated with antibiotics.<ref name=NHS2022Over /> If the hole is large or does not resolve after two month surgery may be an option.<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Perforated eardrums occur relatively frequently.<ref name="Stat2022" /> They most commonly occurs in younger people.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Males are more commonly affected than females.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Treatment for a perforated eardrum date back to at least the 1640s when plugs were placed in the ears. == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] msumoaecwq43qzgvuh8s76ebo59nzpw 132656 132655 2026-04-18T15:18:53Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1469090|Perforated eardrum]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132656 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Perforated eardrum |synonym =Perforated tympanic membrane, punctured eardrum, ruptured eardrum |image =PerforationTympan.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =A completely perforated eardrum, showing the handle of the [[malleus]] (hammer bone). |pronounce = |specialty =[[ENT surgery]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[ear pain]], ear discharge, [[tinnitis|ringing in the ear]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |onset =Sudden<ref name=Stat2022/> |duration = |causes =[[Middle ear infection]], [[physical trauma]], [[overpressure]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/><ref name=Mer2022Pt/> |risks = |diagnosis =Based on examination by [[otoscopy]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =[[Conservative management|Conservative]], [[antibiotics]], surgery<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |medication = |prognosis =Good<ref name=Stat2022/> |frequency =Relatively frequent<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tib' bia vɔli chibibu''' nyɛla vɔli ni ti chibi n yooi tib' bia puuni Doro ŋɔ nahingbana n nye [[kpuribu]] bee [[sankpaŋ]] bee mari yirina tibili maa ni bee [[Tinnitus|kumsim bihi wumbu tibili maa ni]].<ref name=NHS2022Over>{{cite web |title=Perforated eardrum |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |website=nhs.uk |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en |date=23 October 2017 |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |date=24 March 2022 }}</ref> Vertigo gba nyɛla din ni tooi dɔli na,tɔr amaa di bɛ yuura naɣila tibili maa puuni n deei daŋa.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Doro ŋɔ barina shɛŋa n nye kpuribu din ni tooi di saha waɣala bee cholesteatoma n ti pahimastoiditis.<ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Dolhi|first=N|last2=Weimer|first2=AD|title=Tympanic Membrane Perforations|date=January 2022|pmid=32491810|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Din tahiri doro ŋɔ shɛŋa n nye [[Otitis media|Tibili sunsuuni dɔriti]] bee sarati kamani binshɛɣu to tibili maa bee tibili puuni kasi niŋbu ni bee vuri pam. Diagnosis can be confirmed by looking in the ear with an otoscope.<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Hearing testing may also be done.<ref name=Mer2022Pt>{{cite web |title=Eardrum Perforation - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders |url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |website=Merck Manuals Consumer Version |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en-CA |archive-date=12 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |date=12 November 2021 }}</ref> Often a perforations will heal on its own; with recommendations including keeping the ear dry until then.<ref name=Mer2022Pt /> If an underlying infection is present, this may be treated with antibiotics.<ref name=NHS2022Over /> If the hole is large or does not resolve after two month surgery may be an option.<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Perforated eardrums occur relatively frequently.<ref name="Stat2022" /> They most commonly occurs in younger people.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Males are more commonly affected than females.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Treatment for a perforated eardrum date back to at least the 1640s when plugs were placed in the ears. == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] 60s07xuqjhij0oce4gfgpi2ckj9f3if 132657 132656 2026-04-18T15:22:28Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1469090|Perforated eardrum]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132657 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Perforated eardrum |synonym =Perforated tympanic membrane, punctured eardrum, ruptured eardrum |image =PerforationTympan.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =A completely perforated eardrum, showing the handle of the [[malleus]] (hammer bone). |pronounce = |specialty =[[ENT surgery]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[ear pain]], ear discharge, [[tinnitis|ringing in the ear]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |onset =Sudden<ref name=Stat2022/> |duration = |causes =[[Middle ear infection]], [[physical trauma]], [[overpressure]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/><ref name=Mer2022Pt/> |risks = |diagnosis =Based on examination by [[otoscopy]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =[[Conservative management|Conservative]], [[antibiotics]], surgery<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |medication = |prognosis =Good<ref name=Stat2022/> |frequency =Relatively frequent<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tib' bia vɔli chibibu''' nyɛla vɔli ni ti chibi n yooi tib' bia puuni Doro ŋɔ nahingbana n nye [[kpuribu]] bee [[sankpaŋ]] bee mari yirina tibili maa ni bee [[Tinnitus|kumsim bihi wumbu tibili maa ni]].<ref name=NHS2022Over>{{cite web |title=Perforated eardrum |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |website=nhs.uk |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en |date=23 October 2017 |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |date=24 March 2022 }}</ref> Vertigo gba nyɛla din ni tooi dɔli na,tɔr amaa di bɛ yuura naɣila tibili maa puuni n deei daŋa.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Doro ŋɔ barina shɛŋa n nye kpuribu din ni tooi di saha waɣala bee cholesteatoma n ti pahimastoiditis.<ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Dolhi|first=N|last2=Weimer|first2=AD|title=Tympanic Membrane Perforations|date=January 2022|pmid=32491810|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Din tahiri doro ŋɔ shɛŋa n nye [[Otitis media|Tibili sunsuuni dɔriti]] bee sarati kamani binshɛɣu to tibili maa bee tibili puuni kasi niŋbu ni bee vuri pam. Doro vihi m-baŋ dɔlila n zaŋ kpatuhi shɛli bɛ bɔli otoscope n lihi tiba maa puuni<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Hearing testing may also be done.<ref name=Mer2022Pt>{{cite web |title=Eardrum Perforation - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders |url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |website=Merck Manuals Consumer Version |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en-CA |archive-date=12 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |date=12 November 2021 }}</ref> Often a perforations will heal on its own; with recommendations including keeping the ear dry until then.<ref name=Mer2022Pt /> If an underlying infection is present, this may be treated with antibiotics.<ref name=NHS2022Over /> If the hole is large or does not resolve after two month surgery may be an option.<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Perforated eardrums occur relatively frequently.<ref name="Stat2022" /> They most commonly occurs in younger people.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Males are more commonly affected than females.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Treatment for a perforated eardrum date back to at least the 1640s when plugs were placed in the ears. == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] t4zsippojvx8vxp7g8g0wccfpwd5pb8 132658 132657 2026-04-18T15:23:31Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1469090|Perforated eardrum]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132658 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Perforated eardrum |synonym =Perforated tympanic membrane, punctured eardrum, ruptured eardrum |image =PerforationTympan.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =A completely perforated eardrum, showing the handle of the [[malleus]] (hammer bone). |pronounce = |specialty =[[ENT surgery]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[ear pain]], ear discharge, [[tinnitis|ringing in the ear]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |onset =Sudden<ref name=Stat2022/> |duration = |causes =[[Middle ear infection]], [[physical trauma]], [[overpressure]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/><ref name=Mer2022Pt/> |risks = |diagnosis =Based on examination by [[otoscopy]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =[[Conservative management|Conservative]], [[antibiotics]], surgery<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |medication = |prognosis =Good<ref name=Stat2022/> |frequency =Relatively frequent<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tib' bia vɔli chibibu''' nyɛla vɔli ni ti chibi n yooi tib' bia puuni Doro ŋɔ nahingbana n nye [[kpuribu]] bee [[sankpaŋ]] bee mari yirina tibili maa ni bee [[Tinnitus|kumsim bihi wumbu tibili maa ni]].<ref name=NHS2022Over>{{cite web |title=Perforated eardrum |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |website=nhs.uk |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en |date=23 October 2017 |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |date=24 March 2022 }}</ref> Vertigo gba nyɛla din ni tooi dɔli na,tɔr amaa di bɛ yuura naɣila tibili maa puuni n deei daŋa.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Doro ŋɔ barina shɛŋa n nye kpuribu din ni tooi di saha waɣala bee cholesteatoma n ti pahimastoiditis.<ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Dolhi|first=N|last2=Weimer|first2=AD|title=Tympanic Membrane Perforations|date=January 2022|pmid=32491810|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Din tahiri doro ŋɔ shɛŋa n nye [[Otitis media|Tibili sunsuuni dɔriti]] bee sarati kamani binshɛɣu to tibili maa bee tibili puuni kasi niŋbu ni bee vuri pam. Doro vihi m-baŋ dɔlila n zaŋ kpatuhi shɛli bɛ bɔli otoscope n lihi tiba maa puuni<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Wumbu zahimbu gba nyƐla bɛ ni tooi n zaŋ shɛli n vihi.<ref name=Mer2022Pt>{{cite web |title=Eardrum Perforation - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders |url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |website=Merck Manuals Consumer Version |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en-CA |archive-date=12 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |date=12 November 2021 }}</ref> Often a perforations will heal on its own; with recommendations including keeping the ear dry until then.<ref name=Mer2022Pt /> If an underlying infection is present, this may be treated with antibiotics.<ref name=NHS2022Over /> If the hole is large or does not resolve after two month surgery may be an option.<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Perforated eardrums occur relatively frequently.<ref name="Stat2022" /> They most commonly occurs in younger people.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Males are more commonly affected than females.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Treatment for a perforated eardrum date back to at least the 1640s when plugs were placed in the ears. == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] tliwdnjtxq4okyq6w6ob4435asj2arq 132659 132658 2026-04-18T15:25:47Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1469090|Perforated eardrum]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132659 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Perforated eardrum |synonym =Perforated tympanic membrane, punctured eardrum, ruptured eardrum |image =PerforationTympan.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =A completely perforated eardrum, showing the handle of the [[malleus]] (hammer bone). |pronounce = |specialty =[[ENT surgery]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[ear pain]], ear discharge, [[tinnitis|ringing in the ear]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |onset =Sudden<ref name=Stat2022/> |duration = |causes =[[Middle ear infection]], [[physical trauma]], [[overpressure]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/><ref name=Mer2022Pt/> |risks = |diagnosis =Based on examination by [[otoscopy]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =[[Conservative management|Conservative]], [[antibiotics]], surgery<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |medication = |prognosis =Good<ref name=Stat2022/> |frequency =Relatively frequent<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tib' bia vɔli chibibu''' nyɛla vɔli ni ti chibi n yooi tib' bia puuni Doro ŋɔ nahingbana n nye [[kpuribu]] bee [[sankpaŋ]] bee mari yirina tibili maa ni bee [[Tinnitus|kumsim bihi wumbu tibili maa ni]].<ref name=NHS2022Over>{{cite web |title=Perforated eardrum |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |website=nhs.uk |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en |date=23 October 2017 |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |date=24 March 2022 }}</ref> Vertigo gba nyɛla din ni tooi dɔli na,tɔr amaa di bɛ yuura naɣila tibili maa puuni n deei daŋa.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Doro ŋɔ barina shɛŋa n nye kpuribu din ni tooi di saha waɣala bee cholesteatoma n ti pahimastoiditis.<ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Dolhi|first=N|last2=Weimer|first2=AD|title=Tympanic Membrane Perforations|date=January 2022|pmid=32491810|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Din tahiri doro ŋɔ shɛŋa n nye [[Otitis media|Tibili sunsuuni dɔriti]] bee sarati kamani binshɛɣu to tibili maa bee tibili puuni kasi niŋbu ni bee vuri pam. Doro vihi m-baŋ dɔlila n zaŋ kpatuhi shɛli bɛ bɔli otoscope n lihi tiba maa puuni<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Wumbu zahimbu gba nyƐla bɛ ni tooi n zaŋ shɛli n vihi.<ref name=Mer2022Pt>{{cite web |title=Eardrum Perforation - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders |url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |website=Merck Manuals Consumer Version |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en-CA |archive-date=12 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |date=12 November 2021 }}</ref> Di tooi zooya ka chibibu maa tooi kpaŋdi di maŋmaŋa, ka baŋdiba sahisiri ni di tu ni tibili maa puuni kuui saha ŋɔ hali ka yum maa ti naai.<ref name=Mer2022Pt /> If an underlying infection is present, this may be treated with antibiotics.<ref name=NHS2022Over /> If the hole is large or does not resolve after two month surgery may be an option.<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Perforated eardrums occur relatively frequently.<ref name="Stat2022" /> They most commonly occurs in younger people.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Males are more commonly affected than females.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Treatment for a perforated eardrum date back to at least the 1640s when plugs were placed in the ears. == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] 00llqnam4jsnlk8j4aaij8q0ltdaa2j 132660 132659 2026-04-18T15:27:19Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1469090|Perforated eardrum]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132660 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Perforated eardrum |synonym =Perforated tympanic membrane, punctured eardrum, ruptured eardrum |image =PerforationTympan.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =A completely perforated eardrum, showing the handle of the [[malleus]] (hammer bone). |pronounce = |specialty =[[ENT surgery]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[ear pain]], ear discharge, [[tinnitis|ringing in the ear]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |onset =Sudden<ref name=Stat2022/> |duration = |causes =[[Middle ear infection]], [[physical trauma]], [[overpressure]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/><ref name=Mer2022Pt/> |risks = |diagnosis =Based on examination by [[otoscopy]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =[[Conservative management|Conservative]], [[antibiotics]], surgery<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |medication = |prognosis =Good<ref name=Stat2022/> |frequency =Relatively frequent<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tib' bia vɔli chibibu''' nyɛla vɔli ni ti chibi n yooi tib' bia puuni Doro ŋɔ nahingbana n nye [[kpuribu]] bee [[sankpaŋ]] bee mari yirina tibili maa ni bee [[Tinnitus|kumsim bihi wumbu tibili maa ni]].<ref name=NHS2022Over>{{cite web |title=Perforated eardrum |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |website=nhs.uk |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en |date=23 October 2017 |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |date=24 March 2022 }}</ref> Vertigo gba nyɛla din ni tooi dɔli na,tɔr amaa di bɛ yuura naɣila tibili maa puuni n deei daŋa.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Doro ŋɔ barina shɛŋa n nye kpuribu din ni tooi di saha waɣala bee cholesteatoma n ti pahimastoiditis.<ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Dolhi|first=N|last2=Weimer|first2=AD|title=Tympanic Membrane Perforations|date=January 2022|pmid=32491810|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Din tahiri doro ŋɔ shɛŋa n nye [[Otitis media|Tibili sunsuuni dɔriti]] bee sarati kamani binshɛɣu to tibili maa bee tibili puuni kasi niŋbu ni bee vuri pam. Doro vihi m-baŋ dɔlila n zaŋ kpatuhi shɛli bɛ bɔli otoscope n lihi tiba maa puuni<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Wumbu zahimbu gba nyƐla bɛ ni tooi n zaŋ shɛli n vihi.<ref name=Mer2022Pt>{{cite web |title=Eardrum Perforation - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders |url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |website=Merck Manuals Consumer Version |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en-CA |archive-date=12 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |date=12 November 2021 }}</ref> Di tooi zooya ka chibibu maa tooi kpaŋdi di maŋmaŋa, ka baŋdiba sahisiri ni di tu ni tibili maa puuni kuui saha ŋɔ hali ka yum maa ti naai.<ref name=Mer2022Pt /> Di yi nyɛla doro shɛli gba bela tibili maa ni, ŋa tibibu ni tooi dɔli bari maa antibiotics tibu<ref name=NHS2022Over /> If the hole is large or does not resolve after two month surgery may be an option.<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Perforated eardrums occur relatively frequently.<ref name="Stat2022" /> They most commonly occurs in younger people.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Males are more commonly affected than females.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Treatment for a perforated eardrum date back to at least the 1640s when plugs were placed in the ears. == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] r9lilnvskji7r0pyp0bkxtf1j982z1d 132661 132660 2026-04-18T15:29:18Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1469090|Perforated eardrum]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132661 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Perforated eardrum |synonym =Perforated tympanic membrane, punctured eardrum, ruptured eardrum |image =PerforationTympan.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =A completely perforated eardrum, showing the handle of the [[malleus]] (hammer bone). |pronounce = |specialty =[[ENT surgery]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[ear pain]], ear discharge, [[tinnitis|ringing in the ear]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |onset =Sudden<ref name=Stat2022/> |duration = |causes =[[Middle ear infection]], [[physical trauma]], [[overpressure]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/><ref name=Mer2022Pt/> |risks = |diagnosis =Based on examination by [[otoscopy]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =[[Conservative management|Conservative]], [[antibiotics]], surgery<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |medication = |prognosis =Good<ref name=Stat2022/> |frequency =Relatively frequent<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tib' bia vɔli chibibu''' nyɛla vɔli ni ti chibi n yooi tib' bia puuni Doro ŋɔ nahingbana n nye [[kpuribu]] bee [[sankpaŋ]] bee mari yirina tibili maa ni bee [[Tinnitus|kumsim bihi wumbu tibili maa ni]].<ref name=NHS2022Over>{{cite web |title=Perforated eardrum |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |website=nhs.uk |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en |date=23 October 2017 |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |date=24 March 2022 }}</ref> Vertigo gba nyɛla din ni tooi dɔli na,tɔr amaa di bɛ yuura naɣila tibili maa puuni n deei daŋa.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Doro ŋɔ barina shɛŋa n nye kpuribu din ni tooi di saha waɣala bee cholesteatoma n ti pahimastoiditis.<ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Dolhi|first=N|last2=Weimer|first2=AD|title=Tympanic Membrane Perforations|date=January 2022|pmid=32491810|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Din tahiri doro ŋɔ shɛŋa n nye [[Otitis media|Tibili sunsuuni dɔriti]] bee sarati kamani binshɛɣu to tibili maa bee tibili puuni kasi niŋbu ni bee vuri pam. Doro vihi m-baŋ dɔlila n zaŋ kpatuhi shɛli bɛ bɔli otoscope n lihi tiba maa puuni<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Wumbu zahimbu gba nyƐla bɛ ni tooi n zaŋ shɛli n vihi.<ref name=Mer2022Pt>{{cite web |title=Eardrum Perforation - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders |url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |website=Merck Manuals Consumer Version |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en-CA |archive-date=12 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |date=12 November 2021 }}</ref> Di tooi zooya ka chibibu maa tooi kpaŋdi di maŋmaŋa, ka baŋdiba sahisiri ni di tu ni tibili maa puuni kuui saha ŋɔ hali ka yum maa ti naai.<ref name=Mer2022Pt /> Di yi nyɛla doro shɛli gba bela tibili maa ni, ŋa tibibu ni tooi dɔli bari maa antibiotics tibu<ref name=NHS2022Over /> IDi yi niŋ ka vɔli maa galisi bee ka di saɣisi liɣibu gɔya ayi nyaaŋa, apolisa nyɛla bɛ ni tooi niŋ shɛli<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Perforated eardrums occur relatively frequently.<ref name="Stat2022" /> They most commonly occurs in younger people.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Males are more commonly affected than females.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Treatment for a perforated eardrum date back to at least the 1640s when plugs were placed in the ears. == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] dtb5foviouv8vm87m6jeyy5n6ypaw02 132662 132661 2026-04-18T15:30:30Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1469090|Perforated eardrum]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Perforated eardrum |synonym =Perforated tympanic membrane, punctured eardrum, ruptured eardrum |image =PerforationTympan.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =A completely perforated eardrum, showing the handle of the [[malleus]] (hammer bone). |pronounce = |specialty =[[ENT surgery]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[ear pain]], ear discharge, [[tinnitis|ringing in the ear]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |onset =Sudden<ref name=Stat2022/> |duration = |causes =[[Middle ear infection]], [[physical trauma]], [[overpressure]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/><ref name=Mer2022Pt/> |risks = |diagnosis =Based on examination by [[otoscopy]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =[[Conservative management|Conservative]], [[antibiotics]], surgery<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |medication = |prognosis =Good<ref name=Stat2022/> |frequency =Relatively frequent<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tib' bia vɔli chibibu''' nyɛla vɔli ni ti chibi n yooi tib' bia puuni Doro ŋɔ nahingbana n nye [[kpuribu]] bee [[sankpaŋ]] bee mari yirina tibili maa ni bee [[Tinnitus|kumsim bihi wumbu tibili maa ni]].<ref name=NHS2022Over>{{cite web |title=Perforated eardrum |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |website=nhs.uk |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en |date=23 October 2017 |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |date=24 March 2022 }}</ref> Vertigo gba nyɛla din ni tooi dɔli na,tɔr amaa di bɛ yuura naɣila tibili maa puuni n deei daŋa.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Doro ŋɔ barina shɛŋa n nye kpuribu din ni tooi di saha waɣala bee cholesteatoma n ti pahimastoiditis.<ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Dolhi|first=N|last2=Weimer|first2=AD|title=Tympanic Membrane Perforations|date=January 2022|pmid=32491810|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Din tahiri doro ŋɔ shɛŋa n nye [[Otitis media|Tibili sunsuuni dɔriti]] bee sarati kamani binshɛɣu to tibili maa bee tibili puuni kasi niŋbu ni bee vuri pam. Doro vihi m-baŋ dɔlila n zaŋ kpatuhi shɛli bɛ bɔli otoscope n lihi tiba maa puuni<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Wumbu zahimbu gba nyƐla bɛ ni tooi n zaŋ shɛli n vihi.<ref name=Mer2022Pt>{{cite web |title=Eardrum Perforation - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders |url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |website=Merck Manuals Consumer Version |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en-CA |archive-date=12 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |date=12 November 2021 }}</ref> Di tooi zooya ka chibibu maa tooi kpaŋdi di maŋmaŋa, ka baŋdiba sahisiri ni di tu ni tibili maa puuni kuui saha ŋɔ hali ka yum maa ti naai.<ref name=Mer2022Pt /> Di yi nyɛla doro shɛli gba bela tibili maa ni, ŋa tibibu ni tooi dɔli bari maa antibiotics tibu<ref name=NHS2022Over /> IDi yi niŋ ka vɔli maa galisi bee ka di saɣisi liɣibu gɔya ayi nyaaŋa, apolisa nyɛla bɛ ni tooi niŋ shɛli<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Tib' bia vɔli chibibu nyɛla din tooi niŋdi pam biɛhigu ni.<ref name="Stat2022" /> They most commonly occurs in younger people.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Males are more commonly affected than females.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Treatment for a perforated eardrum date back to at least the 1640s when plugs were placed in the ears. == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] fw9keg45x1ws91q99836rjcfea400h2 132663 132662 2026-04-18T15:31:21Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1469090|Perforated eardrum]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132663 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Perforated eardrum |synonym =Perforated tympanic membrane, punctured eardrum, ruptured eardrum |image =PerforationTympan.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =A completely perforated eardrum, showing the handle of the [[malleus]] (hammer bone). |pronounce = |specialty =[[ENT surgery]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[ear pain]], ear discharge, [[tinnitis|ringing in the ear]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |onset =Sudden<ref name=Stat2022/> |duration = |causes =[[Middle ear infection]], [[physical trauma]], [[overpressure]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/><ref name=Mer2022Pt/> |risks = |diagnosis =Based on examination by [[otoscopy]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =[[Conservative management|Conservative]], [[antibiotics]], surgery<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |medication = |prognosis =Good<ref name=Stat2022/> |frequency =Relatively frequent<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tib' bia vɔli chibibu''' nyɛla vɔli ni ti chibi n yooi tib' bia puuni Doro ŋɔ nahingbana n nye [[kpuribu]] bee [[sankpaŋ]] bee mari yirina tibili maa ni bee [[Tinnitus|kumsim bihi wumbu tibili maa ni]].<ref name=NHS2022Over>{{cite web |title=Perforated eardrum |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |website=nhs.uk |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en |date=23 October 2017 |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |date=24 March 2022 }}</ref> Vertigo gba nyɛla din ni tooi dɔli na,tɔr amaa di bɛ yuura naɣila tibili maa puuni n deei daŋa.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Doro ŋɔ barina shɛŋa n nye kpuribu din ni tooi di saha waɣala bee cholesteatoma n ti pahimastoiditis.<ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Dolhi|first=N|last2=Weimer|first2=AD|title=Tympanic Membrane Perforations|date=January 2022|pmid=32491810|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Din tahiri doro ŋɔ shɛŋa n nye [[Otitis media|Tibili sunsuuni dɔriti]] bee sarati kamani binshɛɣu to tibili maa bee tibili puuni kasi niŋbu ni bee vuri pam. Doro vihi m-baŋ dɔlila n zaŋ kpatuhi shɛli bɛ bɔli otoscope n lihi tiba maa puuni<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Wumbu zahimbu gba nyƐla bɛ ni tooi n zaŋ shɛli n vihi.<ref name=Mer2022Pt>{{cite web |title=Eardrum Perforation - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders |url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |website=Merck Manuals Consumer Version |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en-CA |archive-date=12 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |date=12 November 2021 }}</ref> Di tooi zooya ka chibibu maa tooi kpaŋdi di maŋmaŋa, ka baŋdiba sahisiri ni di tu ni tibili maa puuni kuui saha ŋɔ hali ka yum maa ti naai.<ref name=Mer2022Pt /> Di yi nyɛla doro shɛli gba bela tibili maa ni, ŋa tibibu ni tooi dɔli bari maa antibiotics tibu<ref name=NHS2022Over /> IDi yi niŋ ka vɔli maa galisi bee ka di saɣisi liɣibu gɔya ayi nyaaŋa, apolisa nyɛla bɛ ni tooi niŋ shɛli<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Tib' bia vɔli chibibu nyɛla din tooi niŋdi pam biɛhigu ni.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Di nyɛla din tooi niŋdi bihi ni.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Males are more commonly affected than females.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Treatment for a perforated eardrum date back to at least the 1640s when plugs were placed in the ears. == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] peyih137dkwuydfsypodh09i3gvpuwh 132664 132663 2026-04-18T15:32:29Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1469090|Perforated eardrum]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Perforated eardrum |synonym =Perforated tympanic membrane, punctured eardrum, ruptured eardrum |image =PerforationTympan.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =A completely perforated eardrum, showing the handle of the [[malleus]] (hammer bone). |pronounce = |specialty =[[ENT surgery]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[ear pain]], ear discharge, [[tinnitis|ringing in the ear]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |onset =Sudden<ref name=Stat2022/> |duration = |causes =[[Middle ear infection]], [[physical trauma]], [[overpressure]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/><ref name=Mer2022Pt/> |risks = |diagnosis =Based on examination by [[otoscopy]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =[[Conservative management|Conservative]], [[antibiotics]], surgery<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |medication = |prognosis =Good<ref name=Stat2022/> |frequency =Relatively frequent<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tib' bia vɔli chibibu''' nyɛla vɔli ni ti chibi n yooi tib' bia puuni Doro ŋɔ nahingbana n nye [[kpuribu]] bee [[sankpaŋ]] bee mari yirina tibili maa ni bee [[Tinnitus|kumsim bihi wumbu tibili maa ni]].<ref name=NHS2022Over>{{cite web |title=Perforated eardrum |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |website=nhs.uk |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en |date=23 October 2017 |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |date=24 March 2022 }}</ref> Vertigo gba nyɛla din ni tooi dɔli na,tɔr amaa di bɛ yuura naɣila tibili maa puuni n deei daŋa.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Doro ŋɔ barina shɛŋa n nye kpuribu din ni tooi di saha waɣala bee cholesteatoma n ti pahimastoiditis.<ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Dolhi|first=N|last2=Weimer|first2=AD|title=Tympanic Membrane Perforations|date=January 2022|pmid=32491810|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Din tahiri doro ŋɔ shɛŋa n nye [[Otitis media|Tibili sunsuuni dɔriti]] bee sarati kamani binshɛɣu to tibili maa bee tibili puuni kasi niŋbu ni bee vuri pam. Doro vihi m-baŋ dɔlila n zaŋ kpatuhi shɛli bɛ bɔli otoscope n lihi tiba maa puuni<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Wumbu zahimbu gba nyƐla bɛ ni tooi n zaŋ shɛli n vihi.<ref name=Mer2022Pt>{{cite web |title=Eardrum Perforation - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders |url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |website=Merck Manuals Consumer Version |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en-CA |archive-date=12 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |date=12 November 2021 }}</ref> Di tooi zooya ka chibibu maa tooi kpaŋdi di maŋmaŋa, ka baŋdiba sahisiri ni di tu ni tibili maa puuni kuui saha ŋɔ hali ka yum maa ti naai.<ref name=Mer2022Pt /> Di yi nyɛla doro shɛli gba bela tibili maa ni, ŋa tibibu ni tooi dɔli bari maa antibiotics tibu<ref name=NHS2022Over /> IDi yi niŋ ka vɔli maa galisi bee ka di saɣisi liɣibu gɔya ayi nyaaŋa, apolisa nyɛla bɛ ni tooi niŋ shɛli<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Tib' bia vɔli chibibu nyɛla din tooi niŋdi pam biɛhigu ni.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Di nyɛla din tooi niŋdi bihi ni.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Dabba nyɛla din ni tooi paai shɛba n gari paɣaba<ref name="Stat2022" /> Treatment for a perforated eardrum date back to at least the 1640s when plugs were placed in the ears. == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] a1vy8a138o2z4d56cqnkfs55aa64s0x 132665 132664 2026-04-18T15:35:44Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1469090|Perforated eardrum]] to:dag #mdwikicx 132665 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Perforated eardrum |synonym =Perforated tympanic membrane, punctured eardrum, ruptured eardrum |image =PerforationTympan.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =A completely perforated eardrum, showing the handle of the [[malleus]] (hammer bone). |pronounce = |specialty =[[ENT surgery]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[ear pain]], ear discharge, [[tinnitis|ringing in the ear]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |onset =Sudden<ref name=Stat2022/> |duration = |causes =[[Middle ear infection]], [[physical trauma]], [[overpressure]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/><ref name=Mer2022Pt/> |risks = |diagnosis =Based on examination by [[otoscopy]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =[[Conservative management|Conservative]], [[antibiotics]], surgery<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |medication = |prognosis =Good<ref name=Stat2022/> |frequency =Relatively frequent<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tib' bia vɔli chibibu''' nyɛla vɔli ni ti chibi n yooi tib' bia puuni Doro ŋɔ nahingbana n nye [[kpuribu]] bee [[sankpaŋ]] bee mari yirina tibili maa ni bee [[Tinnitus|kumsim bihi wumbu tibili maa ni]].<ref name=NHS2022Over>{{cite web |title=Perforated eardrum |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |website=nhs.uk |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en |date=23 October 2017 |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |date=24 March 2022 }}</ref> Vertigo gba nyɛla din ni tooi dɔli na,tɔr amaa di bɛ yuura naɣila tibili maa puuni n deei daŋa.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Doro ŋɔ barina shɛŋa n nye kpuribu din ni tooi di saha waɣala bee cholesteatoma n ti pahimastoiditis.<ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Dolhi|first=N|last2=Weimer|first2=AD|title=Tympanic Membrane Perforations|date=January 2022|pmid=32491810|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Din tahiri doro ŋɔ shɛŋa n nye [[Otitis media|Tibili sunsuuni dɔriti]] bee sarati kamani binshɛɣu to tibili maa bee tibili puuni kasi niŋbu ni bee vuri pam. Doro vihi m-baŋ dɔlila n zaŋ kpatuhi shɛli bɛ bɔli otoscope n lihi tiba maa puuni<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Wumbu zahimbu gba nyƐla bɛ ni tooi n zaŋ shɛli n vihi.<ref name=Mer2022Pt>{{cite web |title=Eardrum Perforation - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders |url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |website=Merck Manuals Consumer Version |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en-CA |archive-date=12 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |date=12 November 2021 }}</ref> Di tooi zooya ka chibibu maa tooi kpaŋdi di maŋmaŋa, ka baŋdiba sahisiri ni di tu ni tibili maa puuni kuui saha ŋɔ hali ka yum maa ti naai.<ref name=Mer2022Pt /> Di yi nyɛla doro shɛli gba bela tibili maa ni, ŋa tibibu ni tooi dɔli bari maa antibiotics tibu<ref name=NHS2022Over /> IDi yi niŋ ka vɔli maa galisi bee ka di saɣisi liɣibu gɔya ayi nyaaŋa, apolisa nyɛla bɛ ni tooi niŋ shɛli<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Tib' bia vɔli chibibu nyɛla din tooi niŋdi pam biɛhigu ni.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Di nyɛla din tooi niŋdi bihi ni.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Dabba nyɛla din ni tooi paai shɛba n gari paɣaba<ref name="Stat2022" /> Doro ŋɔ tibibu tuuli daa niŋla kamani yuuni 1640 saha din daa niŋ ka bɛ zaŋ vuri taɣirisi n ŋariti tiba puuni. == References == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] aavo8jexpse56u4cwt4xvpymqqq3vev 132666 132665 2026-04-18T16:32:49Z Abdul-Rauf Moshie 3942 132666 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Perforated eardrum |synonym =Perforated tympanic membrane, punctured eardrum, ruptured eardrum |image =PerforationTympan.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =A completely perforated eardrum, showing the handle of the [[malleus]] (hammer bone). |pronounce = |specialty =[[ENT surgery]] |symptoms =[[Hearing loss]], [[ear pain]], ear discharge, [[tinnitis|ringing in the ear]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |onset =Sudden<ref name=Stat2022/> |duration = |causes =[[Middle ear infection]], [[physical trauma]], [[overpressure]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/><ref name=Mer2022Pt/> |risks = |diagnosis =Based on examination by [[otoscopy]]<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =[[Conservative management|Conservative]], [[antibiotics]], surgery<ref name=NHS2022Over/> |medication = |prognosis =Good<ref name=Stat2022/> |frequency =Relatively frequent<ref name=Stat2022/> |deaths = }} '''Tib' bia vɔli chibibu''' nyɛla vɔli ni ti chibi n yooi tib' bia puuni Doro ŋɔ nahingbana n nye [[kpuribu]] bee [[sankpaŋ]] bee mari yirina tibili maa ni bee [[Tinnitus|kumsim bihi wumbu tibili maa ni]].<ref name=NHS2022Over>{{cite web |title=Perforated eardrum |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |website=nhs.uk |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en |date=23 October 2017 |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324024711/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/ |date=24 March 2022 }}</ref> Vertigo gba nyɛla din ni tooi dɔli na,tɔr amaa di bɛ yuura naɣila tibili maa puuni n deei daŋa.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Doro ŋɔ barina shɛŋa n nye kpuribu din ni tooi di saha waɣala bee cholesteatoma n ti pahimastoiditis.<ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Dolhi|first=N|last2=Weimer|first2=AD|title=Tympanic Membrane Perforations|date=January 2022|pmid=32491810|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Din tahiri doro ŋɔ shɛŋa n nye [[Otitis media|Tibili sunsuuni dɔriti]] bee sarati kamani binshɛɣu to tibili maa bee tibili puuni kasi niŋbu ni bee vuri pam. Doro vihi m-baŋ dɔlila n zaŋ kpatuhi shɛli bɛ bɔli otoscope n lihi tiba maa puuni<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Wumbu zahimbu gba nyƐla bɛ ni tooi n zaŋ shɛli n vihi.<ref name=Mer2022Pt>{{cite web |title=Eardrum Perforation - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders |url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |website=Merck Manuals Consumer Version |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en-CA |archive-date=12 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112003923/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-disorders/eardrum-perforation |date=12 November 2021 }}</ref> Di tooi zooya ka chibibu maa tooi kpaŋdi di maŋmaŋa, ka baŋdiba sahisiri ni di tu ni tibili maa puuni kuui saha ŋɔ hali ka yum maa ti naai.<ref name=Mer2022Pt /> Di yi nyɛla doro shɛli gba bela tibili maa ni, ŋa tibibu ni tooi dɔli bari maa antibiotics tibu<ref name=NHS2022Over /> IDi yi niŋ ka vɔli maa galisi bee ka di saɣisi liɣibu gɔya ayi nyaaŋa, apolisa nyɛla bɛ ni tooi niŋ shɛli<ref name=NHS2022Over /> Tib' bia vɔli chibibu nyɛla din tooi niŋdi pam biɛhigu ni.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Di nyɛla din tooi niŋdi bihi ni.<ref name="Stat2022" /> Dabba nyɛla din ni tooi paai shɛba n gari paɣaba<ref name="Stat2022" /> Doro ŋɔ tibibu tuuli daa niŋla kamani yuuni 1640 saha din daa niŋ ka bɛ zaŋ vuri taɣirisi n ŋariti tiba puuni. == Kundivihira == <references /> [[Pubu:Translated from MDWiki]] 1mmxqepk0jqt5vxnvsmrmacpji79xu2