Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:Alhassan Mohammed Awal

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      <text bytes="1093609" sha1="0fhfot6jiincu68ngqbncxd2f8wotna" xml:space="preserve">N yuli n booni Alhassan Mohammed Awal

== Campaigns Product Update #1 ==
Hello Campaigns Newsletter recipients. We are ready to share our first updates: 

* '''We will be hosting our first Campaigns Product Office hour''' with the Product team on '''September 9, 2021 at 3 PM UTC''' (join us on Zoom: https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87427100681) . The Office hour will focus on the introduction of the Product team and its choice of of a first feature focused on Event Registration. For more information see: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Campaigns/Foundation_Programs_Team#Office_Hours
* '''We have published our first document about the first feature''': '''event registration'''.  You can find the document on Meta: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration . We provided first responses to initial feedback last week. If you responded before, consider reviewing the talk page and adding to the conversation. 
* '''We had several presentations at Wikimania:'''
** Ilana Fried presented the Campaign Product team as part of a larger conversation about Wikimedia Foundation Product Strategy. Campaigns product start at 18:12 time:[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57GzJ4GEvCQ&amp;t=1103s&amp;ab_channel=WikimediaFoundation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57GzJ4GEvCQ&amp;t=1103]
** Alex Stinson facilitated a session on the role of partners in International Campaigns:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OS1k8_6QWPY 

'''What is next?''' At the office hours, we will share our first version of the designs for the Registration feature, and be asking for feedback. Additionally we will be onboarding our engineering team who will be building the registration feature.

Please invite  other organizers to subscribe to this newsletter or to unsubscribe at: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers  

The Campaign Product Team
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== Campaigns Product Update #2 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! We are excited to share our updates:

*'''Request for Feedback''': We have shared our project principles, wireframes for the desktop version, and open questions for you about the team’s event registration project. See the latest status updates [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#Status_Updates '''here'''.]

:Wireframes are design tools that imagine the future interface of the software. We haven’t built anything yet. We need your feedback on these designs so that we can make better product decisions. You can give feedback on the talk page regarding the design and features of the wireframes. We would love to hear your comments to help us establish the next necessary steps for the project.

:[[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#Feedback_on_project_principles_&amp;_wireframes_(October_2021)|'''''Please share with us your feedback!''''']]

*'''Presentations''': The Campaign Product team participated in [[m:WikiArabia/2021|WikiArabia 2021]] and [[m:WikiConference North America/2021|WikiConference North America 2021]] to give a brief introduction on how the team works. Senior Program Strategist [[User:Astinson (WMF)|Alex Stinson]] gave an overview about campaigns and how we can scale the organizing experience within the Movement. Senior Product Manager [[User:IFried (WMF)|Ilana Fried]] gave an introduction about the Product Team and the project wireframes of the first campaign software solution: the on-wiki registration tool. View the recorded presentation [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AYknkmHGyI&amp;t=751s '''here'''.]

*'''Team update''': We have hired our first team engineer, [[User:JCarvalho (WMF)|JCarvalho]] and our campaign organizing fellow, [[User:IBrazal (WMF)|IBrazal]]. Newsletter updates will be done by [[User:IBrazal (WMF)|IBrazal]] and she will be coordinating with you! We hope to have the rest of the engineering team onboard soon! For those of who missed the last Campaign Office Hour, you may [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jT8fRUWjfI watch the recording] to know more about the Campaign Product Team.

'''What is next?'''

:'''Testers Needed'''! We will be partnering with [https://yux.design/ '''YUX'''], a design research agency, to learn how our team can improve the experience of Wikimedia campaign organizers and participants in Africa. For this reason, we are looking for community members who are willing to be part of the rapid testing sessions. Preferably, we want organizers and editors who have worked in an African context. If you would like to participate in testing, please email {{email|ibrazal-ctr|wikimedia.org}}.

:'''Upcoming Conferences'''. [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2021|'''Wiki Indaba 2021''']]. This year, the conference will be held virtually on November 5-7, 2021 with the theme &quot;'''''Rethink + Reset : Visions of the future'''''&quot;. Read more about the conference [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2021|here]] or [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2021/Registration Information| register]] to join the event. We will be presenting the registration features on Sunday November 7. 

:We will also be attending [[m:Wikimedia CEE Online Meeting 2021/Programme/Submissions/Building Organizer Tools for the Future of Campaigns|'''Wikimedia CEE Online Meeting 2021''']], which will be held virtually again this year on November 5-7, 2021.  We will be presenting the registration tool on November 6 as part of our communication and sharing process. 

:'''Translation Support'''. We are also beginning to translate the updates on Registration. If you think your language community would benefit from updates, please translate [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#Status_Updates|here]]. 


''Invite  other organizers to [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers| subscribe]] to this newsletter for updates!''


The Campaign Product Team
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Ŋun su:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:MediaWiki message delivery|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 16:26, 28 Silimin gɔli October 2021 (GMT)
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== Campaigns Product Update #3 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! 

We are excited to share our updates:

*'''Proposal to create new namespaces''': We have proposed to create two namespaces, which are “'''Event'''” and “'''Event talk'''.” This way, we can easily create an Event Center that pulls data from event pages. This Event Center may include tools to create event pages with registration support, a calendar of events, and event statistics, among other features. More importantly, the Event Center will highlight organizing as an essential part of the Wikimedia movement. Please give us feedback on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T296280 Phabricator] or [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration#Feedback_on_March_2022_update|Meta]] about our proposal to create two new namespaces.

*'''Engineering updates''': We are excited that we have finished hiring for our engineering team! Three engineers and an engineering manager have joined our team since our last update. In the last few months, they have conducted technical planning and launched the building phase of the project. They are now building the  registration tool. You can see the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|updated team on meta]].

*'''Design updates''': We conducted usability tests with a small group of testers for early feedback on the desktop wireframes. After collecting this feedback, we have developed a new version for desktop wireframes, which will be ready to share in the next few weeks. These desktop wireframes display the user flow of two experiences: one for organizers who want to add registration to their event pages, and another for participants who want to register for an event. Additionally, the design team is also currently working on the first version of mobile wireframes, which will be shared during the next office hour. 

::1. View the latest desktop wireframes in '''Figma''' for [https://www.figma.com/proto/h0iZo5Tj6LHpsFDsInWiG0/Pilot---Event-Registration?node-id=1899%3A44995&amp;scaling=min-zoom&amp;page-id=1472%3A36710&amp;starting-point-node-id=1899%3A44995&amp;show-proto-sidebar=1&amp;hide-ui=1 Campaign Organizer Prototype] and [https://www.figma.com/proto/h0iZo5Tj6LHpsFDsInWiG0/Pilot---Event-Registration?node-id=1998%3A49612&amp;scaling=min-zoom&amp;page-id=1472%3A36710&amp;starting-point-node-id=1998%3A49612&amp;show-proto-sidebar=1&amp;hide-ui=1 Participant Registration Prototype].
::2. [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration#Feedback_on_project_principles_&amp;_wireframes_(October_2021)|Leave us some feedback]] on the desktop wireframes. Note that we haven’t posted the newest version of the desktop wireframes on the project page yet, but we will soon (and you can feel free to add feedback on any version you have seen). 
 
*'''Ambassador updates''': Three product ambassadors for the Arabic, French and Swahili communities have now joined our team! They will help us collect feedback from Wikimedia communities about the project and understand the needs of organizers, through gathering first-hand information. These ambassadors are immersed as actual members of these communities, so they will also help us identify the needs of the organizers in our pilot communities. The ambassadors are: [[m:User:Bachounda (WMF)|'''M. Bachounda''']] for Arabic communities, [[m:User:Geugeor-WMF|'''Georges Fodouop''']] for French communities, and [[m:User:AMtavangu (WMF)|'''Antoni Mtavangu''']] for Swahili communities. 

'''What is next?'''
:'''Next Office Hour''': We will be holding an office hour on '''March 31, 2022''' at 15:00 UTC, which will be conducted via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/82046580320 '''Zoom''']. We invite everyone to attend, and we really hope to see you! The focus will be on the Registration Tool. The team will also be providing community updates on the usability test findings and design highlights for the wireframes. We will also share our current Project timeline and answer any questions you may have. [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 03|Join us and share your thoughts on these developments!]]

:In a few months, we are expecting to have the early testable version of the tool. By then, the team will be doing the first round of general testing and gathering feedback. We are looking forward to adding more features on the tool such as communication support, potentially by the end of this year. If you know other organizers that might be interested in following these developments, please recommend that they [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Subscribers|subscribe to the newsletter]]. We want to receive as much feedback as we can.

Thank you!


'''The Campaign Product Team'''
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Ŋun su:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:MediaWiki message delivery|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 17:26, 22 Silimin gɔli March 2022 (GMT)
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== Campaign Product Team Office Hour - March 31, 2022 ==

Hello '''Campaign Product Newsletter''' subscribers!

The Campaign Product Team will be hosting the next office hour  to share exciting updates on the Registration Tool and new proposed namespaces for events. We will also be sharing community updates on the usability tests and design highlights of the latest mobile and desktop wireframes. 

Join us and share your thoughts on these developments!

:Date: '''March 31, 2022'''
:Time: 15:00 UTC
:Zoom Link: https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/82046580320

You may also watch [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jT8fRUWjfI Campaigns Office Hour: Introducing the Campaigns Product Team] to learn more about the Team and the previous wireframes.

Feel free to send a message to '''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org''' if you want to receive an email reminder for this meeting.

Thank you.


'''The Campaign Product Team'''


[[Ŋun su:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:MediaWiki message delivery|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 17:37, 30 Silimin gɔli March 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-17&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
*  On [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/dblists/group1.dblist many wikis] (group 1), the software to play videos and audio files on pages has now changed. The old player has been removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-04-26|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]).
* Some very old browsers and operating systems are no longer supported. Some things on the wikis might look weird or not work in very old browsers like Internet Explorer 9 or 10, Android 4, or Firefox 38 or older. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306486]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W17&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

22:53, 25 Silimin gɔli April 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-18&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* On [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/dblists/group2.dblist all remaining wikis] (group 2), the software to play videos and audio files on pages has now changed. The old player has been removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* The developers are working on talk pages in the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS|Wikipedia app for iOS]]. You can [https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9GBcHczQGLbQWTY give feedback]. You can take the survey in English, German, Hebrew or Chinese.
* [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/VisualEditor_template_dialog_improvements#Status_and_next_steps|Most wikis]] will receive an [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/VisualEditor_template_dialog_improvements|improved template dialog]] in VisualEditor and New Wikitext mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T296759] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306967]
* If you use syntax highlighting while editing wikitext, you can soon activate a [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Improved_Color_Scheme_of_Syntax_Highlighting#Color-blind_mode|colorblind-friendly color scheme]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306867]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Several CSS IDs related to MediaWiki interface messages will be removed. Technical editors should please [[phab:T304363|review the list of IDs and links to their existing uses]]. These include &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;#mw-anon-edit-warning&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;#mw-undelete-revision&lt;/code&gt; and 3 others.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W18&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

19:31, 2 Silimin gɔli May 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-19&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* You can now see categories in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|Wikipedia app for Android]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73966]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, there was a problem with Wikidata's search autocomplete. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307586]
* Last week, all wikis had slow access or no access for 20 minutes, for logged-in users and non-cached pages. This was caused by a problem with a database change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307647]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T305217#7894966]
*  [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation#Current issues|Incompatibility issues]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] and the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]] will be fixed: Deployment is planned for May 10 on all wikis. Kartographer will then be enabled on the [[phab:T307348|five wikis which have not yet enabled the extension]] on May 24.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector (2022)]] skin will be set as the default on several more wikis, including Arabic and Catalan Wikipedias. Logged-in users will be able to switch back to the old Vector (2010). See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2022-04 for the largest wikis|latest update]] about Vector (2022).

'''Future meetings'''
* The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place on 17 May. The following meetings are currently planned for: 7 June, 21 June, 5 July, 19 July.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W19&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

15:20, 9 Silimin gɔli May 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-20&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* Some wikis can soon use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|add a link]] feature. This will start on Wednesday. The wikis are {{int:project-localized-name-cawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-svwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}. This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304542]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2022|Wikimedia Hackathon 2022]] will take place online on May 20–22. It will be in English. There are also local [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2022/Meetups|hackathon meetups]] in Germany, Ghana, Greece, India, Nigeria and the United States. Technically interested Wikimedians can work on software projects and learn new skills. You can also host a session or post a project you want to work on.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* You can soon edit translatable pages in the visual editor. Translatable pages exist on for examples Meta and Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/05/12/mediawiki-1-38-brings-support-for-editing-translatable-pages-with-the-visual-editor/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W20&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

18:56, 16 Silimin gɔli May 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-21&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Administrators using the mobile web interface can now access Special:Block directly from user pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307341]
* The &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wiktionary.org/ www.wiktionary.org]&lt;/span&gt; portal page now uses an automated update system. Other [[m:Project_portals|project portals]] will be updated over the next few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304629]

'''Problems'''
* The Growth team maintains a mentorship program for newcomers. Previously, newcomers weren't able to opt out from the program. Starting May 19, 2022, newcomers are able to fully opt out from Growth mentorship, in case they do not wish to have any mentor at all. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287915]
* Some editors cannot access the content translation tool if they load it by clicking from the contributions menu. This problem is being worked on. It should still work properly if accessed directly via Special:ContentTranslation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308802]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and user scripts developers are invited to give feedback on a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Extension:Gadget/Policy|proposed technical policy]] aiming to improve support from MediaWiki developers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308686]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W21&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

00:21, 24 Silimin gɔli May 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-22&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]]  In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] extension, an &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ip_in_ranges()&lt;/code&gt; function has been introduced to check if an IP is in any of the ranges. Wikis are advised to combine multiple &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ip_in_range()&lt;/code&gt; expressions joined by &lt;code&gt;|&lt;/code&gt; into a single expression for better performance. You can use the search function on [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]] to locate its usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T305017]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature|IP Info feature]] which helps abuse fighters access information about IPs, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature#May 24, 2022|has been deployed]] to all wikis as a beta feature. This comes after weeks of beta testing on test.wikipedia.org.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-05-31|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New topic tool|New Topic Tool]] will be deployed for all editors at most wikis soon. You will be able to opt out from within the tool and in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Preferences]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/New_discussion][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287804]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]]  The [[:mw:Special:ApiHelp/query+usercontribs|list=usercontribs API]] will support fetching contributions from an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Range blocks#Non-technical explanation|IP range]] soon. API users can set the &lt;code&gt;uciprange&lt;/code&gt; parameter to get contributions from any IP range within [[:mw:Manual:$wgRangeContributionsCIDRLimit|the limit]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T177150]
* A new parser function will be introduced: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{=}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. It will replace existing templates named &quot;=&quot;. It will insert an [[w:en:Equals sign|equal sign]]. This can be used to escape the equal sign in the parameter values of templates. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T91154]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W22&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

20:28, 30 Silimin gɔli May 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-23&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;str_replace_regexp()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; function can be used in [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]] to replace parts of text using a [[w:en:Regular expression|regular expression]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285468]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W23&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

02:46, 7 Silimin gɔli June 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-24&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* All wikis can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps. Kartographer maps now also work on pages with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Pending changes|pending changes]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation#Project_descriptions][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307348]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-06-14|en}} at 06:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T300471]
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-abwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-acewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-adywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-akwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-alswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-amwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-anwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-angwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-arcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-arzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-astwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-atjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-avwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-aywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-azbwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304548]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New topic tool|New Topic Tool]] will be deployed for all editors at Commons, Wikidata, and some other wikis soon. You will be able to opt out from within the tool and in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Preferences]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/New_discussion][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287804]

'''Future meetings'''
* The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place today (13 June). The following meetings will take place on: 28 June, 12 July, 26 July.

'''Future changes'''
* By the end of July, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022]] skin should be ready to become the default across all wikis. Discussions on how to adjust it to the communities' needs will begin in the next weeks. It will always be possible to revert to the previous version on an individual basis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2022-04 for the largest wikis|Learn more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W24&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

16:59, 13 Silimin gɔli June 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-25&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|Wikipedia App for Android]] now has an option for editing the whole page at once, located in the overflow menu (three-dots menu [[File:Ic more vert 36px.svg|15px|link=|alt=]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T103622]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some recent database changes may affect queries using the [[m:Research:Quarry|Quarry tool]]. Queries for &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;site_stats&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; at English Wikipedia, Commons, and Wikidata will need to be updated. [[phab:T306589|Read more]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;user_global_editcount&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; variable can be used in [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]] to avoid affecting globally active users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T130439]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Users of non-responsive skins (e.g. MonoBook or Vector) on mobile devices may notice a slight change in the default zoom level. This is intended to optimize zooming and ensure all interface elements are present on the page (for example the table of contents on Vector 2022). In the unlikely event this causes any problems with how you use the site, we'd love to understand better, please ping &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Jon (WMF)|Jon (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt; to any on-wiki conversations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306910]

'''Future changes'''
* The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout July.  Discussions will look different.  You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Parsoid's HTML output will soon stop annotating file links with different &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;typeof&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute values, and instead use &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw:File&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for all types. Tool authors should adjust any code that expects: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw:Image&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw:Audio&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw:Video&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273505]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W25&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

20:18, 20 Silimin gɔli June 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23425855 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-26&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] API service now has self-service accounts with free on-demand requests and monthly snapshots ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/ API documentation]). Community access [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#community-access|via database dumps &amp; Wikimedia Cloud Services]] continues.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wiktionary#lua|All Wikimedia wikis can now use Wikidata Lexemes in Lua]] after creating local modules and templates. Discussions are welcome [[d:Wikidata_talk:Lexicographical_data#You_can_now_reuse_Wikidata_Lexemes_on_all_wikis|on the project talk page]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-06-28|en}} at 06:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311033]
*  Some global and cross-wiki services will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-06-30|en}} at 06:00 UTC. This will impact ContentTranslation, Echo, StructuredDiscussions, Growth experiments and a few more services. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T300472]
* Users will be able to sort columns within sortable tables in the mobile skin. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T233340]

'''Future meetings'''
* The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place tomorrow (28 June). The following meetings will take place on 12 July and 26 July.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W26&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

20:03, 27 Silimin gɔli June 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-27&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W27&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-07-05|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-07-07|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]).
* The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout July.  Discussions will look different.  You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] This change only affects pages in the main namespace in Wikisource. The Javascript config variable &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;proofreadpage_source_href&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will be removed from &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/JavaScript#mw.config|mw.config]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and be replaced with the variable &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;prpSourceIndexPage&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;.  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309490]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W27&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

19:32, 4 Silimin gɔli July 2022 (GMT)
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== Thanks for organizing Feminism and Folklore ==

Dear Organiser/Jury

Thank you so much for your enormous contribution during the [[:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] writing competition. We appreciate your time and efforts throughout the competition to bridge cultural and gender gap on Wikipedia. We are sending you a special postcard as a token of our appreciation and gratitude. Please fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeZ5eNggLMULDNupu4LFuTIcDmEyCIRh0QLhElkhkZvAmg0wQ/viewform this form] by July 20th 2022 to receive a postcard from us. We look forward to seeing you in 2023 next year.

Stay safe!

Gaurav Gaikwad.

International Team

Feminism and Folklore 
[[Ŋun su:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:MediaWiki message delivery|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 13:50, 10 Silimin gɔli July 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-28&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W28&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/28|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022 skin]], the page title is now displayed above the tabs such as Discussion, Read, Edit, View history, or More. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates#Page title/tabs switch|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T303549]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] It is now possible to easily view most of the configuration settings that apply to just one wiki, and to compare settings between two wikis if those settings are different. For example: [https://noc.wikimedia.org/wiki.php?wiki=jawiktionary Japanese Wiktionary settings], or [https://noc.wikimedia.org/wiki.php?wiki=eswiki&amp;compare=eowiki settings that are different between the Spanish and Esperanto Wikipedias]. Local communities may want to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting_wiki_configuration_changes|discuss and propose changes]] to their local settings. Details about each of the named settings can be found by [[mw:Special:Search|searching MediaWiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308932]
*The Anti-Harassment Tools team [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature#May|recently deployed]] the IP Info Feature as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature at all wikis]]. This feature allows abuse fighters to access information about IP addresses. Please check our update on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature#April|how to find and use the tool]]. Please share your feedback using a link you will be given within the tool itself.

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-07-12|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]).

'''Future changes'''
* The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout July.  Discussions will look different.  You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/28|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W28&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

19:25, 11 Silimin gɔli July 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 7&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 7, July-September 2022'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7|'''Read the full newsletter''']]&lt;/span&gt; 
----
Welcome to the 7th issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News! The newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the implementation of Wikimedia's [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives|Movement Strategy recommendations]], other relevant topics regarding Movement governance, as well as different projects and activities supported by the Movement Strategy and Governance (MSG) team of the Wikimedia Foundation.  

The MSG Newsletter is delivered quarterly, while the more frequent [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Updates|Movement Strategy Weekly]] will be delivered weekly. Please remember to subscribe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive future issues of this newsletter.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt; 

* '''Movement sustainability''': Wikimedia Foundation's annual sustainability report has been published. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A1|continue reading]])
* '''Improving user experience''': recent improvements on the desktop interface for Wikimedia projects. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A2|continue reading]])
* '''Safety and inclusion''': updates on the revision process of the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A3|continue reading]])
* '''Equity in decisionmaking''': reports from Hubs pilots conversations, recent progress from the Movement Charter Drafting Committee, and a new white paper for futures of participation in the Wikimedia movement. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A4|continue reading]])
* '''Stakeholders coordination''': launch of a helpdesk for Affiliates and volunteer communities working on content partnership. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A5|continue reading]])
* '''Leadership development''': updates on leadership projects by Wikimedia movement organizers in Brazil and Cape Verde. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A6|continue reading]])
* '''Internal knowledge management''': launch of a new portal for technical documentation and community resources. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A7|continue reading]])
* '''Innovate in free knowledge''': high-quality audiovisual resources for scientific experiments and a new toolkit to record oral transcripts. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A8|continue reading]])
* '''Evaluate, iterate, and adapt''': results from the Equity Landscape project pilot ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A9|continue reading]])
* '''Other news and updates''': a new forum to discuss Movement Strategy implementation, upcoming Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election, a new podcast to discuss Movement Strategy, and change of personnel for the Foundation's Movement Strategy and Governance team. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A10|continue reading]])
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 01:39, 18 Silimin gɔli July 2022 (GMT)
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== Event Registration Tool: Demo and Invitation to Test ==

Hello Subscribers!

[[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''The Campaigns Product  Team''']] from the Wikimedia Foundation will be hosting two office hours to  demo the new [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']], and train organizers how to  use it. In these office hours, you will learn how to:

* Create an event page in the new event namespace (as an event organizer)

* Enable registration on your event page (as an event organizer)

* Collect data on who registered for your event (as an event organizer)

* Register for an event on the event page (as an event participant)

You can attend one office hour or both, depending on your availability on the following dates:

* Session 1: '''Thursday, July 21, 2022 at 5:00 PM UTC'''

* Session 2: '''Saturday, July 23, 2022 at 12:00 PM UTC'''

These events will be multilingual, with live interpretations in '''Arabic''', '''English''', '''French''', '''Italian''', and '''Portuguese''', and '''Swahili'''. Note that Portuguese will be available on the 21st, but not the 23rd. We strongly encourage you to join and share your feedback on the tool. Your feedback will help us improve the tool so that Wikimedians can have a better event experience. To register, please reply to this email or [[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 07|'''''sign-up to our page''''']], by adding your signature.

Thank you!

&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Ŋun su:IBrazal (WMF)|IBrazal (WMF)]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:IBrazal (WMF)|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 06:17, 18 Silimin gɔli July 2022 (GMT)

:I am interested to join. Kindly share the meeting link when it's ready. 
:Thank you
:[[Ŋun su:Alhassan Mohammed Awal|Alhassan Mohammed Awal]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:Alhassan Mohammed Awal|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 07:10, 18 Silimin gɔli July 2022 (GMT)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-29&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W29&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* The feature on mobile web for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:NearbyPages|Nearby Pages]] was missing last week. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312864]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* The [[mw:Technical_decision_making/Forum|Technical Decision Forum]] is seeking [[mw:Technical_decision_making/Community_representation|community representatives]]. You can apply on wiki or by emailing &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;TDFSupport@wikimedia.org&lt;/span&gt; before 12 August.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W29&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

23:00, 18 Silimin gɔli July 2022 (GMT)
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== Campaign Product Team Office Hour - July 21, 2022 ==

Hello '''Campaign Product Newsletter''' subscribers!


The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''Campaign Product Team''']] will be having an office hour today, '''July 21, 2022 at 17:00 UTC''' via '''Zoom''' to demo the first release of the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']].

You may join the office hour using this [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/83538569035 '''meeting link''']. 

We look forward to your participation. 

Thank you.


Best,

The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''Campaign Product Team''']]

[[Ŋun su:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:MediaWiki message delivery|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 14:46, 21 Silimin gɔli July 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-30&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W30&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikibooks.org/ www.wikibooks.org]&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikiquote.org/ www.wikiquote.org]&lt;/span&gt; portal pages now use an automated update system. Other [[m:Project_portals|project portals]] will be updated over the next few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273179]

'''Problems'''
*  Last week, some wikis were in read-only mode for a few minutes because of an emergency switch of their main database ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313383]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The external link icon will change slightly in the skins Vector legacy and Vector 2022. The new icon uses simpler shapes to be more recognizable on low-fidelity screens. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T261391]
* Administrators will now see buttons on user pages for &quot;{{int:changeblockip}}&quot; and &quot;{{int:unblockip}}&quot; instead of just &quot;{{int:blockip}}&quot; if the user is already blocked. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308570]

'''Future meetings'''
* The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place tomorrow (26 July).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W30&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

19:27, 25 Silimin gɔli July 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-31&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Improved [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Displaying_a_formula#Phantom|LaTeX capabilities for math rendering]] are now available in the wikis thanks to supporting &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Phantom&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; tags. This completes part of [[m:Community_Wishlist_Survey_2022/Editing/Missing_LaTeX_capabilities_for_math_rendering|the #59 wish]] of the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor/Realtime_Preview|Realtime Preview]] will be available as a Beta Feature on wikis in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists%2Fgroup0.dblist Group 0]. This feature was built in order to fulfill [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2021/Real_Time_Preview_for_Wikitext|one of the Community Wishlist Survey proposals]].

'''Future changes'''
* The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout August.  Discussions will look different.  You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]].

'''Future meetings'''
* This week, three meetings about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector (2022)]] with live interpretation will take place. On Tuesday, interpretation in Russian will be provided. On Thursday, meetings for Arabic and Spanish speakers will take place. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|See how to join]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W31&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

21:22, 1 Silimin gɔli August 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23615613 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-32&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:GUS2Wiki/Script|GUS2Wiki]] copies the information from [[{{#special:GadgetUsage}}]] to an on-wiki page so you can review its history. If your project isn't already listed on the [[d:Q113143828|Wikidata entry for Project:GUS2Wiki]] you can either run GUS2Wiki yourself or [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:GUS2Wiki/Script#Opting|make a request to receive updates]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T121049]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-09|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-11|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]).

'''Future meetings'''
* The [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon|Wikimania Hackathon]] will take place online from August 12–14. Don't miss [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon/Schedule|the pre-hacking showcase]] to learn about projects and find collaborators. Anyone can [[phab:/project/board/6030/|propose a project]] or [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon/Schedule|host a session]]. [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon/Newcomers|Newcomers are welcome]]!

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W32&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

19:50, 8 Silimin gɔli August 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-33&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Persian (Farsi) Wikipedia community decided to block IP editing from October 2021 to April 2022. The Wikimedia Foundation's Product Analytics team tracked the impact of this change. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Editing Restriction Study/Farsi Wikipedia|An impact report]] is now available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-16|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-18|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s8.dblist targeted wikis]).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor/Realtime_Preview|Realtime Preview]] will be available as a Beta Feature on wikis in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists%2Fgroup1.dblist Group 1]. This feature was built in order to fulfill [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2021/Real_Time_Preview_for_Wikitext|one of the Community Wishlist Survey proposals]].

'''Future changes'''
* The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout August.  Discussions will look different.  You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#4_August_2022][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Phase_1:_Topic_containers][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312672]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W33&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

21:08, 15 Silimin gɔli August 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Updates from Movement Strategy&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
[[File:Greetings from the year 2030.png|220px|right]]
Upcoming events:
*'''[[:m:Wikimedia Summit 2022|The Wikimedia Summit 2022]]''': The Summit will take place on 9-11 September as a hybrid event (both online and in-person at Berlin, Germany). [[:m:Wikimedia Summit 2022/Program Outline|The program]] will be focused on the implementation of the [[:m:Movement Strategy|2030 Movement Strategy]]. You can check out [[:m:Wikimedia Summit 2022/Schedule|the detailed schedule on Meta]].

Updates, reports and announcements:
*'''[[:m:special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Documentation/June 2022 Global Conversations|Hubs Global Conversations report (June 2022)]]''': Read the report from the Hubs Global Conversations on 24-26 June, which focused on the [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Minimum Criteria for Pilots|Minimum Criteria for Hubs Pilots]].
*'''[[:m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content#Outline|The Movement Charter outline is published]]''': The Movement Charter Drafting Committee published a rough outline of the Movement Charter's content. You may read about this and other updates in the [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Updates#July 2022|Drafting Committee's monthly update]].
*'''[[:m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Newsletter|Newsletter of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee]]''': The Drafting Committee started a monthly newsletter to deliver updates about their ongoing work, published documents and upcoming community engagement events &amp; consultations.
*'''[[:m:special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement guidelines]] update''': The [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee#Revisions Committee|Revisions Committee]] is wrapping up its work on revising the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines, which will undergo legal review before being open for review by the Wikimedia communities in early September.

''You are receiving this message because you are [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Updates/Subscribe|subscribed to the Movement Strategy updates]] (distributed monthly).''

&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

--21:18, 15 Silimin gɔli August 2022 (GMT).
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-34&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Two problems with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps have been fixed. Maps are no longer shown as empty when a geoline was created via VisualEditor. Geolines consisting of points with QIDs (e.g., subway lines) are no longer shown with pushpins. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292613][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308560]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-25|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]).
* The colours of links and visited links will change. This is to make the difference between links and other text more clear. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T213778]

'''Future changes'''
* The new [{{int:discussiontools-topicsubscription-button-subscribe}}] button [[mw:Talk pages project/Notifications#12 August 2022|helps newcomers get answers]].  The Editing team is enabling this tool everywhere.  You can turn it off in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284489]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W34&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

00:13, 23 Silimin gɔli August 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23675501 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-35&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor/Realtime_Preview|Realtime Preview]] is available as a Beta Feature on wikis in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists%2Fgroup2.dblist Group 2]. This feature was built in order to fulfill [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2021/Real_Time_Preview_for_Wikitext|one of the Community Wishlist Survey proposals]]. Please note that when this Beta feature is enabled, it may cause conflicts with some wiki-specific Gadgets.

'''Problems'''
* In recent months, there have been inaccurate numbers shown for various [[{{#special:statistics}}]] at Commons, Wikidata, and English Wikipedia. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T315693]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-30|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-09-01|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]).

'''Future changes'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation wants to improve how Wikimedia communities report harmful incidents by building the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System|Private Incident Reporting System (PIRS)]] to make it easy and safe for users to make reports. You can leave comments on the talk page, by answering the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System#Phase 1|questions provided]].  If you have ever faced a harmful situation that you wanted to report/reported, join a PIRS interview to share your experience. To sign up [[m:Special:EmailUser/MAna_(WMF)|please email]] &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:MAna (WMF)|Madalina Ana]]&lt;/span&gt;.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W35&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

23:05, 29 Silimin gɔli August 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-36&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-09-06|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-09-08|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] On Special pages that only have one tab, the tab-bar's row will be hidden in the Vector-2022 skin to save space. The row will still show if Gadgets use it. Gadgets that currently append directly to the CSS id of &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;#p-namespaces&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; should be updated to use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortletLink|mw.util.addPortletLink]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; function instead. Gadgets that style this id should consider also targeting &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;#p-associated-pages&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, the new id for this row. [[phab:T316908|Examples are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316908][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313409]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W36&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

23:22, 5 Silimin gɔli September 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23757743 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-37&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The search servers have been upgraded to a new major version. If you notice any issues with searching, please report them on [[phab:project/view/1849/|Phabricator]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/XPCTYYTN67FVFKN6XOHULJVGUO44J662]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|Syntax highlighting]] is now tracked as an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgExpensiveParserFunctionLimit|expensive parser function]]. Only 500 expensive function calls can be used on a single page. Pages that exceed the limit are added to a [[:Category:{{MediaWiki:expensive-parserfunction-category}}|tracking category]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316858]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W37&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

01:50, 13 Silimin gɔli September 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-38&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W38&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two database fields in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;templatelinks&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; table are now being dropped: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;tl_namespace&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;tl_title&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Any queries that rely on these fields need to be changed to use the new normalization field called &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;tl_target_id&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. See &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[phab:T299417|T299417]]&lt;/span&gt; for more information. This is part of [[w:Database normalization|normalization]] of links tables. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/U2U6TXIBABU3KDCVUOITIGI5OJ4COBSW/][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:ASarabadani_(WMF)/Database_for_devs_toolkit/Concepts/Normalization]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* In [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps, you can use icons on markers for common points of interest. On Tuesday, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer/Icons|previous icon set]] will be updated to [https://de.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Hilfe:Extension:Kartographer/Icons version maki 7.2]. That means, around 100 new icons will be available.  Additionally, all existing icons were updated for clarity and to make them work better in international contexts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302861][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation#Update_maki_icons]

'''Future changes'''
* In a [[m:Content_Partnerships_Hub/Software/Volunteer_developers_discussion_at_Wikimania_2022|group discussion at Wikimania]], more than 30 people talked about how to make content partnership software in the Wikimedia movement more sustainable. What kind of support is acceptable for volunteer developers? Read the summary and [[m:Talk:Content Partnerships Hub/Software/Volunteer developers discussion at Wikimania 2022|leave your feedback]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W38&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/span&gt; 22:16, 19 Silimin gɔli September 2022 (GMT)
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== Campaigns Product Update #4 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers!
 
We are excited to share our updates:

*&lt;div style = &quot;text-align:left; color: #192980; font-size: 1em;&gt;'''Event Registration v0'''&lt;/div&gt;

:We have successfully launched '''Event Registration tool V0''' on beta cluster and collected feedback from the first batch of testers. This tool is part of a more comprehensive organizing solution, the '''Event Center''', which hopes to support movement organizers. Through this registration solution, organizers can collect useful data on campaign participants and their needs while respecting participant privacy. 

:'''Testing update'''. In our first round of feedback collection, testers were composed of different types of organizers around the movement with a language focus on Arabic, French, English, and Swahili communities. Most of the testers successfully created their test event registrations and signed up for a test event registration created by other organizers. '''''Simple''''', '''''easy to use''''', and '''''aids in managing event participants''''' were the common feedback we received from first-time users. In contrast, access and proper localization of the tool were the points for improvement identified. We are working on V1, which will include '''communication support''' and integration with the [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/ '''Programs and Event Dashboard''']. This will be released on Meta-Wiki soon. We hope to address accessibility during this launch and improve localization problems once the tool has been deployed in local wikiprojects. 

:[https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Main_Page ''The tool is still available for testing on the beta cluster'']. Feel free to leave feedback on our project talk page or this [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSe53MNV9CKVBAF3SV2q97baufizH7b_2QJ47H1w0Upvoh4QFQ/viewform form].  

*&lt;div style = &quot;text-align:left; color: #192980; font-size: 1em;&gt;'''Organizer Lab'''&lt;/div&gt; Looking for a way to learn how to effectively organize around sustainability? Join the beta version of the Organizer Lab on WikiLearn to understand how to effectively organize a global campaign around sustainability and climate change! Applications are open from '''September 22 - October 19, 2022'''.  The Organizer Lab will be a '''9-week online learning experience from the end of October until mid December''' that prepares participants to obtain knowledge about the topics that they wish to create, a call to action for strategic knowledge gaps, as well as more generalized Wikimedia organizing and campaign/event design skills. 
:[[m:Campaigns/Organizer_Lab|'''Read more about the program''']]!  
&lt;br&gt;
'''What's Next''':

*'''Organizer Lab Information Session'''. We invite you to join our information session for the Organizer Lab on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1664546421 '''September 30, 2022 at 14:00 UTC'''] via '''Zoom'''. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89032870014 ''Join this session!'']&lt;br&gt;

*'''Organizer User Rights'''. We are reaching out to a pool of administrators from Arabic, French and Swahili communities to collect feedback on what is the best way to define organizer user rights, what privileges to give to community organizers, and what are the limitations of these privileges. Feel free to reach out to our [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|product ambassadors]] or send an email to '''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org''' if you are interested to be part of these conversations.
&lt;br&gt;
----
'''Community Feedback''':
&lt;center&gt;''&quot;Participants have been always asking the organizers are asked by participants whether they are registered, now participants will just look directly if they are registered, Thank you for creating the system&quot;'' &lt;br&gt; - French Organizer &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

''“I think that the platform will facilitate the process of promoting events and searching for participants”''&lt;br&gt; - Arabic Organizer &lt;/center&gt;&lt;br&gt;
----
&lt;br&gt;
Thank you!


'''The Campaigns Product Team'''
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Ŋun su:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:MediaWiki message delivery|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 06:30, 21 Silimin gɔli September 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-39&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W39&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/39|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Parsoid clients should be updated to allow for space-separated multi-values in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;rel&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute of links. Further details are in &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[phab:T315209|T315209]]&lt;/bdi&gt;.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|Visual diffs]] will become available to all users, except at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|Talk pages on the mobile site]] will change at the Arabic, Bangla, Chinese, French, Haitian Creole, Hebrew, Korean, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.  They should be easier to use and provide more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318302] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Mobile]
* In the [[mw:Lua/Scripting|{{ns:828}}]] namespace, pages ending with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.json&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will be treated as JSON, just like they already are in the {{ns:2}} and {{ns:8}} namespaces. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T144475]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/39|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W39&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:30, 27 Silimin gɔli September 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23860085 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-40&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W40&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/40|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now show geopoints from Wikidata, via QID or SPARQL query. Previously, this was only possible for geoshapes and geolines. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307695] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints_via_QID]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award 2022]] is looking for nominations. You can recommend tools until 12 October.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|Talk pages on the mobile site]] will change at the Arabic, Bangla, Chinese, French, Haitian Creole, Hebrew, Korean, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.  They should be easier to use and provide more information. (Last week's release was delayed) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318302] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Mobile]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;scribunto-console&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; API module will require a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Tokens|CSRF token]]. This module is documented as internal and use of it is not supported. [[phab:T212071|[5]]] 
* The Vector 2022 skin will become the default across the smallest Wikimedia projects. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements#Deployment_plan_and_timeline|Learn more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/40|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W40&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:23, 4 Silimin gɔli October 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23885489 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-41&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W41&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/41|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* On some wikis, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps in full size view will be able to display nearby articles. After a feedback period, more wikis will follow. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316782][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/41|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W41&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

14:09, 10 Silimin gɔli October 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-42&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W42&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/42|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The recently implemented feature of [[phab:T306883|article thumbnails in Special:Search]] will be limited to Wikipedia projects only. Further details are in [[phab:T320510|T320510]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Data_Across_Wikimedia/Search_Improvements]
* A bug that caused problems in loading article thumbnails in Special:Search has been fixed. Further details are in [[phab:T320406|T320406]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Lua module authors can use &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#mw.loadJsonData|mw.loadJsonData()]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to load data from JSON pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217500]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Lua module authors can enable &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Strict_library|require( &quot;strict&quot; )]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to add errors for some possible code problems. This replaces &quot;[[wikidata:Q16748603|Module:No globals]]&quot; on most wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209310]

'''Future changes'''
* The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated at most wikis. The &quot;{{int:discussiontools-replylink}}&quot; button will look different after this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320683]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/42|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W42&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:46, 17 Silimin gɔli October 2022 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-43&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W43&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/43|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There have been some minor visual fixes in Special:Search, regarding audio player alignment and image placeholder height. Further details are in [[phab:T319230|T319230]].
* On Wikipedias, a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-searchoptions|preference]] has been added to hide article thumbnails in Special:Search. Full details are in [[phab:T320337|T320337]].

'''Problems'''
* Last week, three wikis ({{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruwiki/en}}) had read-only access for 25 minutes. This was caused by a hardware problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320990]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-10-25|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-10-27|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-aswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-banwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-barwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bat smgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bclwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-be x oldwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-biwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bjnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bpywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-brwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bxrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304549] 
* Starting on Wednesday October 26, 2022, the list of mentors will be upgraded [[d:Q14339834 | at wikis where Growth mentorship is available]]. The mentorship system will continue to work as it does now. The signup process [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list#add|will be replaced]], and a new management option will be provided. Also, this change simplifies [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list#create|the creation of mentorship systems at Wikipedias]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314858][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T310905][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured_mentor_list]
* Pages with titles that start with a lower-case letter according to Unicode 11 will be renamed or deleted. There is a list of affected pages at &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:Unicode 11 case map migration]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. More information can be found at [[phab:T292552|T292552]].
* The Vector 2022 skin will become the default across the smallest Wikipedias. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements#smallest-1|Learn more]].

'''Future changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|New Topic tool]] will soon get a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Special characters|special characters menu]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249072]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/43|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W43&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:23, 24 Silimin gɔli October 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23975411 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-44&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W44&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/44|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* When using keyboard navigation on a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map, the focus will become more visible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T315997]
* In {{#special:RecentChanges}}, you can now hide the log entries for new user creations with the filter for &quot;{{int:rcfilters-filter-newuserlogactions-label}}&quot;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321155]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|maps dialog]] in VisualEditor now has some help texts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318818]
* It is now possible to select the language of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor via a dropdown menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318817]
* It is now possible to add a caption to a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318815]
* It is now possible to hide the frame of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318813]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/44|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W44&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:15, 31 Silimin gɔli October 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23977539 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-45&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W45&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/45|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* An updated version of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/EventCenter/Registration|Event Registration]] tool is now available for testing at [[testwiki:|testwiki]] and [[test2wiki:| test2wiki]]. The tool provides features for event organizers and participants. Your feedback is welcome at our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|project talkpage]]. More information about [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|the project]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318592]

'''Problems'''
* Twice last week, for about 45 minutes, some files and thumbnails failed to load and uploads failed, mostly for logged-in users. The cause is being investigated and an incident report will be available soon.

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/45|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W45&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:32, 8 Silimin gɔli November 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24001035 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-46&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W46&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/46|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* At Wikidata, an interwiki link can now point to a redirect page if certain conditions are met. This new feature is called [[wikidata:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Sitelinks_to_redirects|sitelinks to redirects]]. It is needed when one wiki uses one page to cover multiple concepts but another wiki uses more pages to cover the same concepts. Your [[wikidata:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata talk:Sitelinks to redirects|feedback on the talkpage]] of the new proposed guideline is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278962]
* The &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikinews.org/ www.wikinews.org]&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikiversity.org/ www.wikiversity.org]&lt;/span&gt;, and &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikivoyage.org/ www.wikivoyage.org]&lt;/span&gt; portal pages now use an automated update system. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273179]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* There will be a new link to directly &quot;Edit template data&quot; on Template pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316759]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis where mobile [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] are enabled ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Deployment Status|these ones]]) will soon use full CSS styling to display any templates that are placed at the top of talk pages. To adapt these “talk page boxes” for narrow mobile devices you can use media queries, such as in [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Message_box/tmbox.css&amp;oldid=1097618699#L-69 this example]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312309]
* Starting in January 2023, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2023 Changes Update|running the Community Wishlist Survey (CWS) every two years]]. This means that in 2024, there will be no new proposals or voting.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/46|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W46&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:55, 14 Silimin gɔli November 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24071290 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-47&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W47&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/47|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The display of non-free media in the search bar and for article thumbnails in Special:Search has been deactivated. Further details are in [[phab:T320661|T320661]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-22|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-24|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/47|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W47&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:22, 21 Silimin gɔli November 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24071290 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-48&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W48&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/48|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* A new preference, “Enable limited width mode”, has been added to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|Vector 2022 skin]]. The preference is also available as a toggle on every page if your monitor is 1600 pixels or wider. It allows for increasing the width of the page for logged-out and logged-in users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319449]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-29|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-12-01|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]).
* Mathematical formulas shown in SVG image format will no longer have PNG fall-backs for browsers that don't support them. This is part of work to modernise the generation system. Showing only PNG versions was the default option until in February 2018. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3BGOKWJIZGL4TC4HJ22ICRU2SEPWGCR4/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311620][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T186327]
* On [[phab:P40224|some wikis]] that use flagged revisions, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:FlaggedRevs#Special:Contributions|a new checkbox will be added]] to Special:Contributions that enables you to see only the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Pending changes|pending changes]] by a user. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321445]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change early next week at [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train#Wednesday group1 wikis] (but not Wikimedia Commons or Meta-Wiki). This change improves the accessibility of content, and makes it easier to write related CSS. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/48|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W48&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:03, 28 Silimin gɔli November 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24114342 --&gt;

== Campaigns Product Team Office Hour - December 2022 ==

Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers!

The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|Wikimedia Foundation Campaigns Team]] invites you to join our upcoming office hours. In each session, we will introduce V1 of [[m:Event Center/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']], so you can begin '''using it for real events on Meta-wiki'''. &lt;br&gt;

In V1, the following new features will be includedː
* Support for the organizer to specify an event timezone
* Automatic confirmation emails after participants have registered
* Private registration: the option for participants to register and only display their registered username to organizers of the event and we will teach you how you can use it yourself.
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;u&gt;'''Office Hour Sessions''':&lt;/u&gt;
* '''1st Session''': '''December 5, 2022''' @ '''18:00 UTC''' via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87853269514 Zoom]
* '''2nd Session''': '''December 10, 2022''' @ '''12:00 UTC''' via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87853269514 Zoom]
:[[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 12|'''''Join us and share your thoughts on these developments!''''']] 
&lt;br&gt;
These office hours will be multilingual, with live interpretations in Arabic, English, French, and Swahili.  Email us @ ''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org'' or [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 12|'''sign-up here''']]  if you want to receive a reminder for this meeting.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Thank you.

'''The Campaigns Product Team'''
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&amp;oldid=24091515 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-49&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W49&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/49|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Wikisources use a tool called ProofreadPage. ProofreadPage uses OpenSeadragon which is an open source tool. The OpenSeadragon JavaScript API has been significantly re-written to support dynamically loading images. The functionality provided by the older version of the API should still work but it is no longer supported. User scripts and gadgets should migrate over to the newer version of the API. The functionality provided by the newer version of the API is [[mw:Extension:Proofread_Page/Page_viewer#JS_API|documented on MediaWiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Proofread_Page/Edit-in-Sequence]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/49|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W49&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:41, 6 Silimin gɔli December 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24151590 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-50&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W50&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/50|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* An [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|A/B test has begun]] at 15 Wikipedias for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools on mobile]].  Half of the editors on the [[mw:Reading/Web/Mobile|mobile web site]] will have access to the {{int:discussiontools-replybutton}} tool and other features. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321961]
* The character &lt;code&gt;=&lt;/code&gt; cannot be used in new usernames, to make usernames work better with templates. Existing usernames are not affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254045]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Phase_1:_Topic_containers|show discussion metadata below section headings]] will be inserted after these headings, not inside of them. This change improves the accessibility of discussion pages for screen reader software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314714]

'''Events'''
* The fourth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award]] will happen online on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1671210002 Friday 16 December 2022 at 17:00 UTC]! The event will be live-streamed on YouTube in the [https://www.youtube.com/user/watchmediawiki MediaWiki channel] and added to Commons afterwards.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/50|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W50&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:34, 12 Silimin gɔli December 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24216570 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2022-51&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W51&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/51|Translations]] are available.

'''Tech News'''
* Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 9 January 2023.

'''Recent changes'''
* On a user's contributions page, you can filter it for edits with a tag like 'reverted'. Now, you can also filter for all edits that are not tagged like that. This was part of a Community Wishlist 2022 request. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T119072]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new function has been used for gadget developers to add content underneath the title on article pages. This is considered a stable API that should work across all skins. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addSubtitle|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316830]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[test2wiki:|One of our test wikis]] is now being served from a new infrastructure powered by [[w:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] ([[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more]]). More Wikis will switch to this new infrastructure in early 2023. Please test and let us know of any issues. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290536]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, all wikis had no edit access for 9 minutes. This was caused by a database problem. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2022-12-13_sessionstore]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week.
* The word &quot;{{int:discussiontools-replybutton}}&quot; is very short in some languages, such as Arabic (&quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;ar&quot;&gt;ردّ&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot;). This makes the {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} button on talk pages difficult to use. An arrow icon will be added to those languages. This will only be visible to editors who have the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] turned on. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Status] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323537]

'''Future changes'''
* Edits can be automatically &quot;tagged&quot; by the system software or the {{int:Abusefilter}} system. Those tags link to a help page about the tags. Soon they will also link to Recent Changes to let you see other edits tagged this way. This was a Community Wishlist 2022 request. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301063]
* The Trust &amp; Safety tools team [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System/Timeline and Updates|have shared new plans]] for building the Private Incident Reporting System. The system will make it easier for editors to ask for help if they are harassed or abused. 
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|Realtime Preview for Wikitext]] is coming out of beta as an enabled feature for every user of the 2010 Wikitext [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editor|editor]] in the week of January 9, 2023. It will be available to use via the toolbar in the 2010 Wikitext editor. The feature was the 4th most popular wish of the Community Wishlist Survey 2021.

'''Events'''
* You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2023/Participate|register for the Wikimedia Hackathon 2023]], taking place on May 19–21 in Athens, Greece. You can also apply for a scholarship until January 14th.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/51|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W51&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:00, 20 Silimin gɔli December 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24258101 --&gt;

== Invitation to organize Feminism and Folklore 2023 ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/center&gt;

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

Christmas Greetings and a Happy New Year 2023,
 
You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2023|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia.
 
You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/List of Articles|list]] of suggested articles.
 
Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project:
# Create a page for the contest on the local wiki.
# Set up a fountain tool or dashboard.
# Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes.
# Request local admins for site notice.
# Link the local page and the fountain/dashboard link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta project page]].
 
This year we would be supporting the community's financial aid for Internet and childcare support. This would be provided for the local team including their jury and coordinator team. This support is opt-in and non mandatory. Kindly fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this Google form] and mark a mail to [mailto:support@wikilovesfolklore.org support@wikilovesfolklore.org] with the subject line starting as [Stipend] Name or Username/Language. The last date to sign up for internet and childcare aid from our team is 20th of January 2023, We encourage the language coordinators to sign up their community on this link by the 25th of January 2023.
 
Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance.
 
We look forward to your immense coordination.
 
Thank you and Best wishes,

[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team]]

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Ŋun su:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:MediaWiki message delivery|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 10:11, 24 Silimin gɔli December 2022 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf&amp;oldid=24282249 --&gt;
:Hello Team,
:There has not been any update about the opt-in for support for the community's financial aid for Internet and childcare in this year's Feminism and Folklore writing competition. As a coordinator for this year's contest in Ghana for Moore and Gurene communities and also supporting in organizing same for Dagaare and Kusaal incubators, I and my other colleagues did fill out the support form but are yet to get any feedback from your team about that. Even though it was an opt-in based, It was actually a laudable idea to support the coordinators, organizers, and the Jury to carry out their roles effectively towards success. 
:I hope to hear from you soon. [[Ŋun su:Alhassan Mohammed Awal|Alhassan Mohammed Awal]] ([[Ŋun su yɛltɔɣa:Alhassan Mohammed Awal|Yɛltɔɣa]]) 09:53, 9 Silimin gɔli March 2023 (GMT)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-02&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W02&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/02|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* You can use tags to filter edits in the recent changes feed or on your watchlist. You can now use tags to filter out edits you don't want to see. Previously you could only use tags to focus on the edits with those tags. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T174349]
* [[Special:WhatLinksHere|Special:WhatLinksHere]] shows all pages that link to a specific page. There is now a [https://wlh.toolforge.org prototype] for how to sort those pages alphabetically. You can see the discussion in the [[phab:T4306|Phabricator ticket]].
* You can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thanks]] function on your watchlist and the user contribution page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T51541]
* A wiki page can be moved to give it a new name. You can now get a dropdown menu with common reasons when you move a page. This is so you don't have to write the explanation every time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T325257]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Matrix.org|Matrix]] is a chat tool. You can now use &lt;code&gt;matrix:&lt;/code&gt; to create Matrix links on wiki pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326021]
* You can filter out translations when you look at the recent changes on multilingual wikis. This didn't hide translation pages. You can now also hide subpages which are translation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T233493]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|Realtime preview for wikitext]] is a tool which lets editors preview the page when they edit wikitext. It will be enabled for all users of the 2010 wikitext editor. You will find it in the editor toolbar.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2023-01-10|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2023-01-12|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/02|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W02&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:07, 10 Silimin gɔli January 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24342971 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-03&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The URLs in &quot;{{int:last}}&quot; links on page history now contain &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;diff=prev&amp;oldid=[revision ID]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; in place of &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;diff=[revision ID]&amp;oldid=[revision ID]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. This is to fix a problem with links pointing to incorrect diffs when history was filtered by a tag. Some user scripts may break as a result of this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243569]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|changes to the appearance of talk pages]] have only been available on &lt;code&gt;{{ns:1}}:&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;{{ns:3}}:&lt;/code&gt; namespaces.  These will be extended to other talk namespaces, such as &lt;code&gt;{{ns:5}}:&lt;/code&gt;.  They will continue to be unavailable in non-talk namespaces, including &lt;code&gt;{{ns:4}}:&lt;/code&gt; pages (e.g., at the Village Pump).  You can [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|change your preferences]] ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T325417]
*On Wikisources, when an image is zoomed or panned in the Page: namespace, the same zoom and pan settings will be remembered for all Page: namespace pages that are linked to a particular Index: namespace page. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/ProofreadPage/+/868841]
* The Vector 2022 skin will become the default for the English Wikipedia desktop users. The change will take place on January 18 at 15:00 UTC. [[:en:w:Wikipedia:Vector 2022|Learn more]].

'''Future changes'''
* The 2023 edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey]], which invites contributors to make technical proposals and vote for tools and improvements, starts next week on 23 January 2023 at 18:00 UTC. You can start drafting your proposals in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W03&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:10, 17 Silimin gɔli January 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24381020 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-04&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, for ~15 minutes, all wikis were unreachable for logged-in users and non-cached pages. This was caused by a timing issue. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-17_MediaWiki]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* If you have the Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|DiscussionTools]] enabled, the appearance of talk pages will add more information about discussion activity. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Status][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317907]
* The 2023 edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey]] (CWS), which invites contributors to make technical proposals and vote for tools and improvements, starts on Monday 23 January 2023 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496814 18:00 UTC]. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W04&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:46, 23 Silimin gɔli January 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24418874 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-05&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, for ~15 minutes, some users were unable to log in or edit pages. This was caused by a problem with session storage. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-24_sessionstore_quorum_issues]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis that use localized numbering schemes for references need to add new CSS. This will help to show citation numbers the same way in all reading and editing modes. If your wiki would prefer to do it yourselves, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|details and example CSS to copy from]], and also add your wiki to the list. Otherwise, the developers will directly help out starting the week of February 5.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W05&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:05, 31 Silimin gɔli January 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24455949 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-06&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022 skin]], logged-out users using the full-width toggle will be able to see the setting of their choice even after refreshing pages or opening new ones. This only applies to wikis where Vector 2022 is the default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321498]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Previously, we announced when some wikis would be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. These switches will not be announced any more, as the read-only time has become non-significant. Switches will continue to happen at 7AM UTC on Tuesdays and Thursdays. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292543#8568433]
* Across all the wikis, in the Vector 2022 skin, logged-in users will see the page-related links such as &quot;What links here&quot; in a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/Page_tools|new side menu]]. It will be displayed on the other side of the screen. This change had previously been made on Czech, English, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328692]
*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] will stop receiving new proposals on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1675706431 Monday, 6 February 2023, at 18:00 UTC]. Proposers should complete any edits by then, to give time for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/Help_us|translations]] and review. Voting will begin on Friday, 10 February.

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets and user scripts will be changing to load on desktop and mobile sites. Previously they would only load on the desktop site. It is recommended that wiki administrators audit the [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition|gadget definitions]] prior to this change, and add &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;skins=…&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for any gadgets which should not load on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610 More details are available].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W06&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 10:21, 6 Silimin gɔli February 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24491749 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-07&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* On wikis where patrolled edits are enabled, changes made to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list|mentor list]] by autopatrolled mentors are not correctly marked as patrolled. It will be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328444]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The Reply tool and other parts of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools]] will be deployed for all editors using the mobile site.  You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|read more about this decision]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298060]

'''Future changes'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W07&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:49, 14 Silimin gɔli February 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24540832 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-08&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, during planned maintenance of Cloud Services, unforeseen complications forced the team to turn off all tools for 2–3 hours to prevent data corruption. Work is ongoing to prevent similar problems in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329535] 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
*The voting phase for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] ends on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677261621 24 February at 18:00 UTC]. The results of the survey will be announced on 28 February.

'''Future changes'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W08&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:58, 21 Silimin gɔli February 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24570514 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-09&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, in some areas of the world, there were problems with loading pages for 20 minutes and saving edits for 55 minutes. These issues were caused by a problem with our caching servers due to unforseen events during a routine maintenance task. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_wiki_outage][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_read_only] 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W09&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:47, 27 Silimin gɔli February 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24634242 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-10&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Community Wishlist Survey 2023 edition has been concluded. Community Tech has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|published the results]] of the survey and will provide an update on what is next in April 2023.
* On wikis which use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Writing_systems|LanguageConverter]] to handle multiple writing systems, articles which used custom conversion rules in the wikitext (primarily on Chinese Wikipedia) would have these rules applied inconsistently in the table of contents, especially in the Vector 2022 skin. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306862]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* A search system has been added to the [[Special:Preferences|Preferences screen]]. This will let you find different options more easily. Making it work on mobile devices will happen soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313804]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W10&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:50, 6 Silimin gɔli March 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24676916 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-11&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-cbk_zamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cdowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cebwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ckbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-csbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304542][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304550] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W11&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:20, 13 Silimin gɔli March 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24700189 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-12&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, some users experienced issues loading image thumbnails. This was due to incorrectly cached images. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331820]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A link to the user's [[{{#special:CentralAuth}}]] page will appear on [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] — some user scripts which previously added this link may cause conflicts. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Admins and patrollers/Add link to CentralAuth on Special:Contributions|voted #17 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]].
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[{{#special:AbuseFilter}}]] edit window will be resizable and larger by default. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Make the AbuseFilter edit window resizable and larger by default|voted #80 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]].
* There will be a new option for Administrators when they are unblocking a user, to add the unblocked user’s user page to their watchlist. This will work both via [[{{#special:Unblock}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257662]

'''Meetings'''
* You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1679677204 24 March at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Office Hours|details and how to join]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W12&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:26, 21 Silimin gɔli March 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24732558 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-13&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] condition limit was increased from 1000 to 2000. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309609]
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter#Locally disabled actions|Some Global AbuseFilter]] actions will no longer apply to local projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332521]
* Desktop users are now able to subscribe to talk pages by clicking on the {{int:discussiontools-newtopicssubscription-button-subscribe-label}} link in the {{int:toolbox}} menu. If you subscribe to a talk page, you receive [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications|notifications]] when new topics are started on that talk page. This is separate from putting the page on your watchlist or subscribing to a single discussion. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263821]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* You will be able to choose [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diffs]] on all [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Page history|history pages]] at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The legacy [[mw:Mobile Content Service|Mobile Content Service]] is going away in July 2023. Developers are encouraged to switch to Parsoid or another API before then to ensure service continuity. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/4MVQQTONJT7FJAXNVOFV3WWVVMCHRINE/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W13&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:13, 28 Silimin gɔli March 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24780854 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-14&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The system for automatically creating categories for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Babel|Babel]] extension has had several important changes and fixes. One of them allows you to insert templates for automatic category descriptions on creation, allowing you to categorize the new categories. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T211665][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T64714][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170654][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184941][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33074]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Some older [[w:en:Web browser|Web browsers]] will stop being able to use [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] on Wikimedia wikis from this week. This mainly affects users of Internet Explorer 11. If you have an old web browser on your computer you can try to upgrade to a newer version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T178356]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The deprecated &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;jquery.hoverIntent&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; module has been removed. This module could be used by gadgets and user scripts, to create an artificial delay in how JavaScript responds to a hover event. Gadgets and user scripts should now use jQuery &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;hover()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;on()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; instead. Examples can be found in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Migration_guide_(users)#jquery.hoverIntent|migration guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311194]
* Some of the links in [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] will be re-arranged. There will be a clearer separation between links that relate to all users, and links related to your own user account. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333242]
* You will be able to hide the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply button]] in archived discussion pages with a new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__ARCHIVEDTALK__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; magic word.  There will also be a new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.mw-archivedtalk&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; CSS class for hiding the Reply button in individual sections on a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249293][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295553][https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/DiscussionTools/+/738221]

'''Future changes'''
* The Vega software that creates data visualizations in pages, such as graphs, will be upgraded to the newest version in the future. Graphs that still use the very old version 1.5 syntax may stop working properly. Most existing uses have been found and updated, but you can help to check, and to update any local documentation. [[phab:T260542|Examples of how to find and fix these graphs are available]]. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W14&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:39, 3 Silimin gɔli April 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24820268 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-15&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] In the visual editor, it is now possible to edit captions of images in galleries without opening the gallery dialog. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/Editable gallery captions in Visual Editor|voted #61 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190224]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] You can now receive notifications when another user edits your user page. See the &quot;{{int:Echo-category-title-edit-user-page}}&quot; option in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo|your Preferences]]. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Notifications for user page edits|voted #3 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T3876]

'''Problems'''
* There was a problem with all types of CentralNotice banners still being shown to logged-in users even if they had [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-centralnotice-banners|turned off]] specific banner types. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331671]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-arywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dinwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-elwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-emlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-etwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-euwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-extwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tumwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ffwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiu_vrowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-furwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gcrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gotwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-guwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304551][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308133]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W15&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:05, 10 Silimin gɔli April 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24851886 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-16&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* You can now see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Show_nearby_articles|nearby articles on a Kartographer map]] with the button for the new feature &quot;{{int:Kartographer-sidebar-nearbybutton}}&quot;. Six wikis have been testing this feature since October. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles#Implementation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334079]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Special:GlobalWatchlist]] page now has links for &quot;{{int:globalwatchlist-markpageseen}}&quot; for each entry. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Button to mark a single change as read in the global watch list|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334246]

'''Problems'''
* At Wikimedia Commons, some thumbnails have not been getting replaced correctly after a new version of the image is uploaded. This should be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331138][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333042]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] For the last few weeks, some external tools had inconsistent problems with logging-in with OAuth. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332650]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W16&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:54, 18 Silimin gɔli April 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24881071 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-17&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The date-selection menu on pages such as [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] will now show year-ranges that are in the current and past decade, instead of the current and future decade. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Change year range shown in date selection popup|voted #145 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]].  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334316]

'''Problems'''
* Due to security issues with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]], graphs have been disabled in all Wikimedia projects. Wikimedia Foundation teams are working to respond to these vulnerabilities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940]
* For a few days, it was not possible to save some kinds of edits on the mobile version of a wiki. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334797][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334799][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334794]

'''Changes later this week'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on April 26. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682517653 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* The Editing team plans an A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|a usability analysis of the Talk page project]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|planned measurements are available]]. Your wiki [[phab:T332946|may be invited to participate]]. Please suggest improvements to the measurement plan at [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/Usability|the discussion page]].
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024|The Wikimedia Foundation annual plan 2023-2024 draft is open for comment and input]] until May 19. The final plan will be published in July 2023 on Meta-wiki.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W17&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:03, 24 Silimin gɔli April 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24933592 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-18&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the French and Italian Wikipedias. More languages will be added in the near future. This is part of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend &quot;Who Wrote That?&quot; tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243711][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270490][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891]
* The [[:commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2commons]] tool has been updated. This fixed several bugs related to YouTube uploads. [https://github.com/toolforge/video2commons/pull/162/commits]
* The [[{{#special:Preferences}}]] page has been redesigned on mobile web. The new design makes it easier to browse the different categories and settings at low screen widths. You can also now access the page via a link in the Settings menu in the mobile web sidebar. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Content_moderation_on_mobile_web/Preferences]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W18&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:45, 2 Silimin gɔli May 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24966974 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-19&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Last week, Community Tech released the first update for providing [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diffs]], the #1 request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey. [[phab:T324759|This update]] adds legends and tooltips to inline diffs so that users unfamiliar with the blue and yellow highlights can better understand the type of edits made.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] When you close an image that is displayed via MediaViewer, it will now return to the wiki page instead of going back in your browser history. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Return to the article when closing the MediaViewer|voted #65 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T236591]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|SyntaxHighlight]] extension now supports &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;wikitext&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; as a selected language. Old alternatives that were used to highlight wikitext, such as &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;html5&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;moin&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;html+handlebars&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, can now be replaced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29828]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Creating pages with preloaded text|Preloading text to new pages/sections]] now supports preloading from localized MediaWiki interface messages. [https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Martin_Urbanec_(WMF)?action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;preload=MediaWiki:July Here is an example] at the {{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}} that uses &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;preload=MediaWiki:July&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330337]

'''Problems'''
* Graph Extension update: Foundation developers have completed upgrading the visualization software to Vega5. Existing community graphs based on Vega2 are no longer compatible. Communities need to update local graphs and templates, and shared lua modules like &lt;bdi lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:de:Modul:Graph]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. The [https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/porting-guide/ Vega Porting guide] provides the most comprehensive detail on migration from Vega2 and [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Graph:PageViews&amp;action=history here is an example migration]. Vega5 has currently just been enabled on mediawiki.org to provide a test environment for communities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940#8813922]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Until now, all new OAuth apps went through manual review. Starting this week, apps using identification-only or basic authorizations will not require review. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67750]

'''Future changes'''
* During the next year, MediaWiki will stop using IP addresses to identify logged-out users, and will start automatically assigning unique temporary usernames. Read more at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates|IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates]]. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#What should it look like?|join the discussion]] about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates#What will temporary usernames look like?|format of the temporary usernames]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332805]
* There will be an [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on 10 Wikipedias where the Vector 2022 skin is the default skin. Half of logged-in desktop users will see an interface where the different parts of the page are more clearly separated. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2023-05 Zebra9 A/B test|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333180][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335972]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] &lt;code&gt;jquery.tipsy&lt;/code&gt; will be removed from the MediaWiki core. This will affect some user scripts. Many lines with &lt;code&gt;.tipsy(&lt;/code&gt; can be commented out. &lt;code&gt;OO.ui.PopupWidget&lt;/code&gt; can be used to keep things working like they are now. You can [[phab:T336019|read more]] and [[:mw:Help:Locating broken scripts|read about how to find broken scripts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336019]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W19&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:36, 9 Silimin gɔli May 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24998636 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-20&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Citations that are automatically generated based on [[d:Q33057|ISBN]] are currently broken. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts. Work is ongoing to restore this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298] 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-gorwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hakwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hifwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-htwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-igwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ilowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-inhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308134] 

'''Future changes'''
* There is a recently formed team at the Wikimedia Foundation which will be focusing on experimenting with new tools. Currently they are building [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI|a prototype ChatGPT plugin that allows information generated by ChatGPT to be properly attributed]] to the Wikimedia projects.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and userscript developers should replace &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;jquery.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mediawiki.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;jquery.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; library will be removed in ~1 month, and staff developers will run a script to replace any remaining uses at that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336018]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W20&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:45, 15 Silimin gɔli May 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25011501 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-21&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The &quot;recent edits&quot; time period for page watchers is now 30 days. It used to be 180 days. This was a [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Change information about the number of watchers on a page|Community Wishlist Survey proposal]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336250]

'''Changes later this week'''
* An [[mw:special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Impact|improved impact module]] will be available at Wikipedias. The impact module is a feature available to newcomers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer homepage|at their personal homepage]]. It will show their number of edits, how many readers their edited pages have, how many thanks they have received and similar things. It is also accessible by accessing Special:Impact. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W21&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

16:55, 22 Silimin gɔli May 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25028325 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-22&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Citations can once again be added automatically from ISBNs, thanks to Zotero's ISBN searches. The current data sources are the Library of Congress (United States), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (French National Library), and K10plus ISBN (German repository). Additional data source searches can be [[mw:Citoid/Creating Zotero translators|proposed to Zotero]]. The ISBN labels in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]] will reappear later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298#8859917]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The page [[{{#special:EditWatchlist}}]] now has &quot;{{int:watchlistedit-normal-check-all}}&quot; options to select all the pages within a namespace. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Watchlist edit - &quot;check all&quot; checkbox|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334252]	

'''Problems'''
* For a few days earlier this month, the &quot;Add interlanguage link&quot; item in the Tools menu did not work properly. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337081]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/small.dblist small] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/medium.dblist medium] wikis this week. Large wikis will follow in the coming weeks. This is part of the effort to move Parsoid into MediaWiki core. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W22&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:03, 29 Silimin gɔli May 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25079963 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-23&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe|RealMe]] extension allows you to mark URLs on your user page as verified for Mastodon and similar software.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Citation and footnote editing can now be started from the reference list when using the visual editor. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Citations/Allow citations to be edited in the references section with VisualEditor|voted #2 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T54750]
* Previously, clicking on someone else's link to Recent Changes with filters applied within the URL could unintentionally change your preference for &quot;{{int:Rcfilters-group-results-by-page}}&quot;. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202916#8874081]

'''Problems'''
* For a few days last week, some tools and bots returned outdated information due to database replication problems, and may have been down entirely while it was being fixed. These issues have now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337446]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Bots will no longer be prevented from making edits because of URLs that match the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SpamBlacklist|spam blacklist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313107]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W23&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:52, 5 Silimin gɔli June 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25114640 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-24&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the Dutch, German, Hungarian, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish and Portuguese Wikipedias. This was the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend &quot;Who Wrote That?&quot; tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Search Improvements#Search Preview panel|Search Preview panel]] has been deployed on four Wikipedias (Catalan, Dutch, Hungarian and Norwegian). The panel will show an image related to the article (if existing), the top sections of the article, related images (coming from MediaSearch on Commons), and eventually the sister projects associated with the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306341]
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe#Verifying_a_link_on_non-user_pages|RealMe]] extension now allows administrators to verify URLs for any page, for Mastodon and similar software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324937]
* The default project license [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimediaannounce-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/7G6XPWZPQFLZ2JANN3ZX6RT4DVUI3HZQ/ has been officially upgraded] to CC BY-SA 4.0. The software interface messages have been updated. Communities should feel free to start updating any mentions of the old CC BY-SA 3.0 licensing within policies and related documentation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319064]

'''Problems'''
* For three days last month, some Wikipedia pages edited with VisualEditor or DiscussionTools had an unintended &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__TOC__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (or its localized form) added during an edit. There is [[mw:Parsoid/Deployments/T336101_followup|a listing of affected pages sorted by wiki]], that may still need to be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336101]
* Currently, the &quot;{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}&quot; feature in VisualEditor is broken. Existing &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; keywords incorrectly appear as missing templates in VisualEditor. Developers are exploring how to fix this. In the meantime, those wishing to edit the default sortkey of a page are advised to switch to source editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Last week, an update to the delete form may have broken some gadgets or user scripts. If you need to manipulate (empty) the reason field, replace &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;#wpReason&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;#wpReason &gt; input&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. See [https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3AGadget-CleanDeleteReasons.js&amp;diff=22859956&amp;oldid=12794189 an example fix]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337809]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on English Wikipedia on Monday, and all other [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/large.dblist large] wikis on Thursday. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529]

'''Future changes'''
* From 5 June to 17 July, the Foundation's [[:mw:Wikimedia Security Team|Security team]] is holding a consultation with contributors regarding a draft policy to govern the use of third-party resources in volunteer-developed gadgets and scripts. Feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|Third-party resources policy]] on meta-wiki.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W24&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 14:51, 12 Silimin gɔli June 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25133779 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-25&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Flame graphs are now available in WikimediaDebug. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JXNQD3EHG5V5QW5UXFDPSHQG4MJ3FWJQ/][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2023/06/08/flame-graphs-arrive-in-wikimediadebug/]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.
* There is now a toolbar search popup in the visual editor. You can trigger it by typing &lt;code&gt;\&lt;/code&gt; or pressing &lt;code&gt;ctrl + shift + p&lt;/code&gt;. It can help you quickly access most tools in the editor. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Visual_editor_toolbar_search_feature.png][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T66905]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W25&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:09, 19 Silimin gɔli June 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25159510 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-26&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Action API modules and Special:LinkSearch will now add a trailing &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;/&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to all &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;prop=extlinks&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; responses for bare domains. This is part of the work to remove duplication in the &lt;code&gt;externallinks&lt;/code&gt; database table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337994]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, search was broken on Commons and Wikidata for 23 hours. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339810][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-06-18_search_broken_on_wikidata_and_commons]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Minerva skin now applies more predefined styles to the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.mbox-text&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; CSS class. This enables support for mbox templates that use divs instead of tables. Please make sure that the new styles won't affect other templates in your wiki. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/skins/MinervaNeue/+/930901/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339040]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets will now load on both desktop and mobile by default. Previously, gadgets loaded only on desktop by default. Changing this default using the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;|targets=&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; parameter is also deprecated and should not be used. You should make gadgets work on mobile or disable them based on the skin (with the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;|skins=&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; parameter in &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition&lt;/bdi&gt;) rather than whether the user uses the mobile or the desktop website. Popular gadgets that create errors on mobile will be disabled by developers on the Minerva skin as a temporary solution. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T127268]
* All namespace tabs now have the same browser [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Keyboard_shortcuts|access key]] by default. Previously, custom and extension-defined namespaces would have to have their access keys set manually on-wiki, but that is no longer necessary. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T22126]
* The review form of the Flagged Revisions extension now uses the standardized [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|user interface components]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change in the coming weeks at [[:wikitech:Deployments/Train#Thursday|group2 wikis]]. This change improves the accessibility of content. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W26&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:19, 26 Silimin gɔli June 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25202311 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-27&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W27&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the rolling out of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposal, [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/small.dblist small wikis] will now be able to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline audio player mode|inline audio player]] that is implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] From this week all gadgets automatically load on mobile and desktop sites. If you see any problems with gadgets on your wikis, please adjust the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|gadget options]] in your gadget definitions file. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W27&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:51, 3 Silimin gɔli July 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25231546 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-28&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W28&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Section-level Image Suggestions|Section-level Image Suggestions feature]] has been deployed on seven Wikipedias (Portuguese, Russian, Indonesian, Catalan, Hungarian, Finnish and Norwegian Bokmål). The feature recommends images for articles on contributors' watchlists that are a good match for individual sections of those articles.
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global abuse filters]] have been enabled on all Wikimedia projects, except English and Japanese Wikipedias (who opted out). This change was made following a [[:m:Requests for comment/Make global abuse filters opt-out|global request for comments]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341159]
* [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] is a new tool for administrators to help fight spam. It provides a clearer interface for blocking plain domains (and their subdomains), is more easily searchable, and is faster for the software to process for each edit on the wiki. It does not support regex (for complex cases), nor URL path-matching, nor the [[MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist|MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist]], but otherwise it replaces most of the functionalities of the existing [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist|MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]]. There is a Python script to help migrate all simple domains into this tool, and more feature details, within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:BlockedExternalDomains|the tool's documentation]]. It is available at all wikis except for Meta-wiki, Commons, and Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337431]
* The WikiEditor extension was updated. It includes some of the most frequently used features of wikitext editing. In the past, many of its messages could only be translated by administrators, but now all regular translators on translatewiki can translate them. Please check [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=ext-wikieditor&amp;messages=&amp;x=D#sortable:0=asc the state of WikiEditor localization into your language], and if the &quot;Completion&quot; for your language shows anything less than 100%, please complete the translation. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-ambassadors@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/D4YELU2DXMZ75PGELUOKXXMFF3FH45XA/ a more detailed explanation].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The default protocol of [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and API counterparts has changed from http to both http and https. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14810]
* [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and its API counterparts will now search for all of the URL provided in the query. It used to be only the first 60 characters. This feature was requested fifteen years ago. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T17218]

'''Future changes'''
* There is an experiment with a [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin. This is to show users where the information is coming from when they read information from Wikipedia. It has been tested by Wikimedia Foundation staff and other Wikimedians. Soon all ChatGPT plugin users can use the Wikipedia plugin. This is the same plugin which was mentioned in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Tech News 2023/20]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI]
* There is an ongoing discussion on a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|proposed Third-party resources policy]]. The proposal will impact the use of third-party resources in gadgets and userscripts. Based on the ideas received so far, policy includes some of the risks related to user scripts and gadgets loading third-party resources, some best practices and exemption requirements such as code transparency and inspectability. Your feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome until July 17, 2023 on [[m:Talk:Third-party resources policy|on the policy talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W28&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:54, 10 Silimin gɔli July 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25278797 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-29&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W29&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] We are now serving 1% of all global user traffic from [[:en:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] (you can [[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more technical details]]). We are planning to increment this percentage regularly. You can [[phab:T290536|follow the progress of this work]]. 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System_message|system messages]] will now look for available local fallbacks, instead of always using the default fallback defined by software. This means wikis no longer need to override each language on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback_languages|fallback chain]] separately. For example, English Wikipedia doesn't have to create &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;en-ca&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;en-gb&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; subpages with a transclusion of the base pages anymore. This makes it easier to maintain local overrides. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T229992]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;action=growthsetmentorstatus&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; API will be deprecated with the new MediaWiki version. Bots or scripts calling that API should use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;action=growthmanagementorlist&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; API now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321503]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W29&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:08, 17 Silimin gɔli July 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25289122 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-30&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W30&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]]   On July 18, the Wikimedia Foundation launched a survey about the [[:mw:Technical_decision_making|technical decision making process]] for people who do technical work that relies on software that is maintained by the Foundation or affiliates. If this applies to you, [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/885471 please take part in the survey]. The survey will be open for three weeks, until August 7. You can find more information in [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/Q7DUCFA75DXG3G2KHTO7CEWMLCYTSDB2/|the announcement e-mail on wikitech-l]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W30&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:20, 25 Silimin gɔli July 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25332248 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
[[File:Noun Scroll 308110.svg|180px|right]]
''This newsletter combines content from both June and July, due to a delay in sharing out the previous newsletter.''

'''Updates:''' 
* '''New Movement Charter content published:''' The Committee published new draft chapters on the [[m:Movement Charter/Content/Global Council|'''Global''' '''Council''']], [[m:Movement Charter/Content/Hubs|'''Hubs''']] and the [[m:Movement Charter/Content/Glossary|'''Glossary''']]. You are invited to share your feedback or ask any questions you may have to the Committee before September 1, 2023 on the following talk pages:
** [[m:Talk:Movement Charter/Content/Global Council|Share your feedback on The Global Council draft]] 
** [[m:Talk:Movement Charter/Content/Hubs|Share your feedback on Hubs draft]] 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Content/One-page draft|'''Revised draft chapters published on Meta:''']] The Committee has shared the revised draft chapters: [[m:Movement Charter/Content/One-page draft#Preamble|Preamble]], [[m:Movement Charter/Content/One-page draft#Values &amp; Principles|Values &amp; Principles]], and [[m:Movement Charter/Content/One-page draft#Roles &amp; Responsibilities|Roles &amp; Responsibilities]] intentions statement. These revisions are based on the [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation#November-December 2022 consultation|community feedback]] received in November-December 2022. 
* [[m:wmfblog:2023/06/02/how-will-the-wikimedia-movement-ratify-its-charter/|'''Ratification Methodology community feedback:''']] The summary of community feedback on the proposed methodology for the ratification of the Charter is on Diff. 

* Listen to the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jy_IQ_G1wEI '''WikiAfrica Hour #46: Africa and Movement Charter'''], where MCDC members [[m:User:Anass Sedrati|Anass Sedrati]] and [[m:User:Geugeor-WMF|Georges Foudoup]]  talk about Movement Charter, its aims and objectives, and the relevance to the African community. 
* MCDC member’s are busy participating in various community events to discuss Movement Charter. [[m:User:Manavpreet Kaur|Manavpreet Kaur]], a member of the Global Council and Roles and Responsibilities Drafting Groups [[m:EduWiki Conference 2023/Program/MCDC|joined the EduWikiConference 2023]].  The MCDC support staff [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|Ramzy Muliawan]] shared updates about the charter at [[m:WikiNusantara 2023|WikiNustantara 2023]] in Banjarmasin, Indonesia ([https://twitter.com/wikimediaid/status/1659772318913294336 @wikimediaid on Twitter]). The Wikimedia communities in Indonesia were engaged by [[m:Grants:Project/MSIG/Arcuscloud/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program|Movement Charter Ambassador]] [[m:User:Arcuscloud|Arcuscloud]] in the [[m:Grants:Project/MSIG/Arcuscloud/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program|last round of community conversations]]. 

* [[m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Updates#May 2023|'''Learn about MCDC’s work in May &amp; June:''']] as usual, the update includes information about the meetings held by the Committee in this month, as well as about the work that was completed and the ongoing work &amp; discussions. 

'''What’s coming up?''' 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation#MCDC Live Launch Party|'''Join the live launch party''']]: The Drafting Committee is hosting a launch party on July 30th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1690725614 14.00 UTC] to celebrate the new drafts, introduce them to the community and give space for sharing thoughts and feedback. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZYsdOiurT0vHta6stHaiHHEyrwK3RUPveBR#/registration '''Register here to receive a Zoom link to the launch party.'''] 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Ambassadors Program/Grant|'''Movement Charter Community Conversation grants''']] are open for individuals or groups who want to organize conversations about the Charter content. Talk to us if you need any support on [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/c/ensure-equity-in-decision-making/movement-charter-ambassadors/38 the MS Forum]! Apply for a grant before Jul 30, 2023. 
* [[m:wmania:2023:Wikimania|'''Wikimania 2023''']]''':''' Wikimania 2023: Members of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee are excited to be attending Wikimania Singapore in August, to speak to and hear from you in person (and hybrid) about the four drafts and the Charter in general.
* '''Community events:''' MCDC members will be present in the [[m:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2023|CEE Meeting]] in September in Georgia to discuss the Charter content with the CEE and CA communities. In addition, the MCDC prioritizes participation in the conferences planned for 2023 to continue conversations on the content of the Charter with the communities: [[m:WikiConvention francophone/2023|WikiConvention Francophone]], [[m:WikiWomenCamp 2023|WikiWomen Camp]],  [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2023|WikiIndaba Morocco]], [[m:wikiconference:2023/Main_Page|WikiConference North America]], [[m:GLAM Wiki 2023|GLAM Wiki Conference]], among others.

''Subscribe to this newsletter [[m:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Newsletter|on Meta wiki]]''
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

--12:25, 30 Silimin gɔli July 2023 (GMT).
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Abbad (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Newsletter/Subscribers&amp;oldid=25275952 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-31&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Synchronizer|Synchronizer]] tool is now available to keep Lua modules synced across Wikimedia wikis, along with [[mw:Multilingual Templates and Modules|updated documentation]] to develop global Lua modules and templates.
* The tag filter on [[{{#special:NewPages}}]] and revision history pages can now be inverted. For example, you can hide edits that were made using an automated tool. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334337][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334338]
* The Wikipedia [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin experiment can now be used by ChatGPT users who can use plugins. You can participate in a [[:m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future Audiences#Announcing monthly Future Audiences open &quot;office hours&quot;|video call]] if you want to talk about this experiment or similar work. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI]

'''Problems'''
* It was not possible to generate a PDF for pages with non-Latin characters in the title, for the last two weeks. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342442]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Tuesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-kawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kaawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-knwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kshwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kwwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308135] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W31&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:54, 31 Silimin gɔli July 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25362228 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-32&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Mobile Web editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile_contributions#August_1,_2023_-_Full-page_editing_added_on_mobile|edit a whole page at once]]. To use this feature, turn on &quot;{{int:Mobile-frontend-mobile-option-amc}}&quot; in your settings and use the &quot;{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}&quot; button in the &quot;{{int:Minerva-page-actions-overflow}}&quot; menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203151]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W32&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:21, 7 Silimin gɔli August 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25420038 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter: August 2023&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
'''Updates'''
* '''Community consultation''': The community consultation on the [[m:Special:MyLanguages/Movement_Charter/Content/Global_Council|Global Council]], [[m:Special:MyLanguages/Movement_Charter/Content/Hubs|Hubs]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguages/Movement_Charter/Content/Glossary|Glossary]] drafts is ongoing. We value your input, if you have not already, please take a moment to review the draft chapters and share your thoughts with the MCDC. We’ve posed open questions we would like your opinion on. Feel free to engage in a way that is most comfortable for you and your community. Learn more on our Diff blogs about the [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/07/13/a-global-council-for-our-movement/ Global Council] and [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/07/27/building-wikimedia-movement-hubs-together/ Hubs]. 
* '''Launch Party''': On July 30 we hosted a Launch Party to share the Global Council and Hubs draft chapters. It was an inspiring event where we had the opportunity to listen to your feedback and address some of your questions. If you missed it, you can catch the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SItWeX78tv8&amp;list=LL&amp;index=4 recording on YouTube].
* '''Community Conversations''': We want to hear from as many people as possible. On July 16, the SWAN meeting opened its doors and offered an opportunity to interact with the MCDC members regarding the new drafts of the charter. [[m:Strategic_Wikimedia_Affiliates_Network/2023_07#Notes|Notes are available here]]. On July 28, a regional conversation with the Francophone community was held. Here comes a [[m:Talk:Movement_Charter/Content/Global_Council#Summary_of_the_feedback_from_the_francophone_conversation|short summary here in English and French]]. Additionally, on August 2 we had a fruitful conversation with the [[m:Talk:Movement_Charter/Content/Hubs#Summary_from_2_August_call|LATAM region]]. 
* '''[[m:Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Updates#July_2023|MCDC’s Work in July]]''': As usual, the update includes information about the meetings held by the Committee in this month, as well as about the work that was completed and the ongoing work &amp; discussions. 

'''Upcoming'''
* '''Join the MCDC at Wikimania''': Whether you’ll be at Wikimania 2023 in person or joining virtually, there are a few events that we would like to invite you to. Please drop by for a casual conversation. We would love to connect to workshop any ideas together. Drop in, get a sweet treat, and share your thoughts with us! [https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/2023:Registration Register] and see below for an overview of our time together: 
** Tuesday, August 15
*** {{zonestamp|2023-08-15 02:00|02:00 UTC}}: [https://pretalx.com/wm2023/talk/UVKSKQ/ '''Movement Strategy &amp; Governance Connection track - Welcome and opening'''] (Room 325)
*** {{zonestamp|2023-08-15 05:45|05:45 UTC}}: [https://pretalx.com/wm2023/talk/FJCXUP/ '''Movement Charter Drafting Committee: Open office hour'''] (Room 326)
** Wednesday, August 16
*** {{zonestamp|2023-08-16 03:15|03:15 UTC}}: [https://pretalx.com/wm2023/talk/EYGDHC/ '''Role Play the Future Roles and Responsibilities in the Movement'''] (Room 326)
** Thursday, 17 August
*** {{zonestamp|2023-08-17 03:15|03:15 UTC}}: [https://pretalx.com/wm2023/talk/AWXHMA/ '''Movement Charter Content Discussions'''] (Room 310)
* A '''[[m:Special:MyLanguages/Movement_Charter/Community_Consultation#Regional_conversation:_Middle_East_and_North_Africa|regional call tailored for the MENA region]]''' will be conducted in Arabic on September 2 at 17.00 UTC. Kindly indicate your interest to attend this meeting.  
''Subscribe to this newsletter [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Newsletter|on Meta-wiki]]''
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

MCDC Support Team, 23:53, 14 Silimin gɔli August 2023 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-33&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Content translation system is no longer using Youdao's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation|machine translation service]]. The service was in place for several years, but due to no usage, and availability of alternatives, it was deprecated to reduce maintenance overheads. Other services which cover the same languages are still available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329137]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ladwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lezwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lfnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-liwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lijwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lmowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ltgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-maiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-map_bmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mdfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kywiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308136] &lt;!-- TODO replace wiki codes --&gt;

'''Future changes'''
* A few gadgets/user scripts which add icons to the Minerva skin need to have their CSS updated. There are more details available including a [[phab:T344067|search for all existing instances and how to update them]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W33&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 05:59, 15 Silimin gɔli August 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25428668 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-34&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [https://gdrive-to-commons.toolforge.org/ GDrive to Commons Uploader] tool is now available. It enables [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GDrive to Commons Uploader|securely selecting and uploading files]] from your Google Drive directly to Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267868]
* From now on, we will announce new Wikimedia wikis in Tech News, so you can update any tools or pages.
** Since the last edition, two new wikis have been created:
*** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q7121294|Pa'O]] ([[wikt:blk:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:blk:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343540]
*** a Wikisource in [[d:Q34002|Sundanese]] ([[s:su:|&lt;code&gt;s:su:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343539]
** To catch up, the next most recent six wikis are:
*** Wikifunctions ([[f:|&lt;code&gt;f:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275945]
*** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[wikt:btm:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:btm:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335216]
*** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q5555465|Ghanaian Pidgin]] ([[w:gpe:|&lt;code&gt;w:gpe:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335969]
*** a Wikinews in [[d:Q3111668|Gungbe]] ([[n:guw:|&lt;code&gt;n:guw:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334394]
*** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q33522|Kabardian]] ([[wikt:kbd:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:kbd:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333266]
*** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35570|Fante]] ([[w:fat:|&lt;code&gt;w:fat:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335016]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There is an existing [[mw:Stable interface policy|stable interface policy]] for MediaWiki backend code. There is a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Stable interface policy/frontend|proposed stable interface policy for frontend code]]. This is relevant for anyone who works on gadgets or Wikimedia frontend code. You can read it, discuss it, and let the proposer know if there are any problems. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W34&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

15:25, 21 Silimin gɔli August 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25497111 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-35&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diff handling of paragraph splits]], improved detection of splits is being rolled out. Over the last two weeks, we deployed this support to [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Groups|group0]] and group1 wikis. This week it will be deployed to group2 wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341754]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] All [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] pages now show the user's local edit count and the account's creation date. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324166]
* Wikisource users can now use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;prpbengalicurrency&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; label to denote Bengali currency characters as page numbers inside the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pagelist&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; tag.  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268932]
* Two preferences have been relocated. The preference &quot;{{int:visualeditor-preference-visualeditor}}&quot; is now shown on the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|&quot;{{int:prefs-editing}}&quot; tab]] at all wikis. Previously it was shown on the &quot;{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}&quot; tab at some wikis. The preference &quot;{{int:visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-enable}}&quot; is now also shown on the &quot;{{int:prefs-editing}}&quot; tab at all wikis, instead of the &quot;{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}&quot; tab. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335056][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344158]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-31|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] New signups for a Wikimedia developer account will start being pushed towards &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://idm.wikimedia.org/ idm.wikimedia.org]&lt;/bdi&gt;, rather than going via Wikitech. [[wikitech:IDM|Further information about the new system is available]].
* All right-to-left language wikis, plus Korean, Armenian, Ukrainian, Russian, and Bulgarian Wikipedias, will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. This feature will come to more wikis in future weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921]

'''Future changes'''
* The removal of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DoubleWiki|DoubleWiki extension]] is being discussed. This extension currently allows Wikisource users to view articles from multiple language versions side by side when the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;=&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; symbol next to a specific language edition is selected. Comments on this are welcomed at [[phab:T344544|the phabricator task]].
* A proposal has been made to merge the second hidden-categories list (which appears below the wikitext editing form) with the main list of categories (which is further down the page). [[phab:T340606|More information is available on Phabricator]]; feedback is welcome!

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W35&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 14:00, 28 Silimin gɔli August 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25510866 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-36&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[m:Wikisource_EditInSequence|EditInSequence]], a feature that allows users to edit pages faster on Wikisource has been moved to a Beta Feature based on community feedback. To enable it, you can navigate to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features tab in Preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Generate Audio for IPA|Generate Audio for IPA]] and [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|Audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposals, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player mode]] of [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] has been deployed to all projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763]
* There is a new option for Administrators when they are changing the usergroups for a user, to add the user’s user page to their watchlist. This works both via [[{{#special:UserRights}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272294]
* One new wiki has been created:
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34318|Talysh]] ([[w:tly:|&lt;code&gt;w:tly:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345166]
'''Problems'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:LoginNotify|LoginNotify extension]] was not sending notifications since January. It has now been fixed, so going forward, you may see notifications for failed login attempts, and successful login attempts from a new device. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344785]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-mhrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-miwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-minwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mtwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mwlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-myvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mznwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-napwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ndswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nds_nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-novwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nqowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nrmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nsowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ocwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-olowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-omwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-orwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-oswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pagwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-papwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pcdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pdcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pflwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pihwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pnbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pntwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pswiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308137][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308138]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W36&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:33, 4 Silimin gɔli September 2023 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-37&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES]], the revision evaluation service, is now using a new open-source infrastructure on all wikis except for English Wikipedia and Wikidata. These two will follow this week. If you notice any unusual results from the Recent Changes filters that are related to ORES (for example, &quot;{{int:ores-rcfilters-damaging-title}}&quot; and &quot;{{int:ores-rcfilters-goodfaith-title}}&quot;), please [[mw:Talk:Machine Learning|report them]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342115]
* When you are logged in on one Wikimedia wiki and visit a different Wikimedia wiki, the system tries to log you in there automatically. This has been unreliable for a long time. You can now visit the login page to make the system try extra hard. If you feel that made logging in better or worse than it used to be, your feedback is appreciated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326281]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Technical decision making|Technical Decision-Making Forum Retrospective]] team invites anyone involved in the technical field of Wikimedia projects to signup to and join [[mw:Technical decision making/Listening Sessions|one of their listening sessions]] on 13 September. Another date will be scheduled later. The goal is to improve the technical decision-making processes.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|Better diff handling of paragraph splits]] wishlist proposal, the inline switch widget in diff pages is being rolled out this week to all wikis. The inline switch will allow viewers to toggle between a unified inline or two-column diff wikitext format. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336716]

'''Future changes'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on 20 September. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263]
* The Enterprise API is launching a new feature called &quot;[http://breakingnews-beta.enterprise.wikimedia.com/ breaking news]&quot;. Currently in BETA, this attempts to identify likely &quot;newsworthy&quot; topics as they are currently being written about in any Wikipedia. Your help is requested to improve the accuracy of its detection model, especially on smaller language editions, by recommending templates or identifiable editing patterns. See more information at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/Breaking news|the documentation page]] on MediaWiki or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#What is Breaking News|the FAQ]] on Meta.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W37&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:08, 11 Silimin gɔli September 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25589064 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2023 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue VIII, August 2023&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos in Albania and Kosovo
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Highlights on Wikimania 2023
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Armenia report|Armenia report]]: Wikimedia Armenia GLAM projects in August
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Activities in Belgium September-December 2023
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: 4 new GLAM-Wiki partnerships and uploads from several institutions
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: Wiki-Wednesdays: Digital Literacy for GLAM workers 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Summer does not stop the wiki collaborations
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: The Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos in Albania and Kosovo; Wiki Loves Earth in Albania and Kosovo
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Public sculpture photo trail: documenting Auckland sculptures in Wikidata; Aotearoa's Wikimedia Laureate
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Presentation for school librarians at Wikiteka, Ongoing projects
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: A month in the shine of Wikidata and new cooperation
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Showcasing collaboration with the Nordic Museum at Wikimania 2023; Working with Swedish folk high schools
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programm
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Islamic art exhibitions and heritage innovation
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Great North American Wiknic
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Wikidocumentaries to import images from the web to Structured Data on Commons – a Google Summer of Code project
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Hub updates at Wikimania 2023; Supporting Wiki Loves Monuments teams
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: Open call: OpenRefine-Wikimedia train-the-trainer course, November 2023-April 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: Looking back, looking ahead
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/WREN at Wikimania report|WREN at Wikimania report]]: Wikimedians in Residence Exchange Network at Wikimania Singapore
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11:01, 12 Silimin gɔli September 2023 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=25585038 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-38&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W38&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki now has a [[mw:Stable interface policy/frontend|stable interface policy for frontend code]] that more clearly defines how we deprecate MediaWiki code and wiki-based code (e.g. gadgets and user scripts). Thank you to everyone who contributed to the content and discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346467][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263]
* All wikis will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The team investigating the Graph Extension posted [[mw:Extension:Graph/Plans#Proposal|a proposal for reenabling it]] and they need your input.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W38&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:19, 18 Silimin gɔli September 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25623533 --&gt;

== Organizer Tools Office Hours &amp; Event Discovery Project ==

('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/fr|Lire ce message en français]])'''; ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/es|Ver este mensaje en español]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/sw|Angalia ujumbe huu kwa Kiswahili]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/ar|إقرأ هذه الرسالة بالعربي]]''') &lt;small&gt; {{int:please-translate}} &lt;/small&gt;.

[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team|The Campaigns team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation has some updates to share with you, which are:

We invite you to attend our upcoming community office hours to learn about organizer tools, including the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration|Event registration tool]] (which has [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#September 18, 2023: October office hours &amp; upcoming features|new and upcoming features]]). '''The office hours are on the following dates, and you can join one or both of them:'''

*'''Saturday, October 7 at 12:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session A|Register here]]''')   
**Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Swahili
*'''Tuesday, October 10 at 18:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session B|Register here]]'''). 
**Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Swahili

'''We have launched a new project: [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|Event Discovery]]'''.  This project aims to make it easier for editors to learn about campaign events. '''We need your help to understand how you would like to discover events on the wikis, so that we can create a useful solution. Please share your feedback on our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|project talk page]]'''.

; Thank you, and we hope to see you at the upcoming office hours! 
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]])   19:54, 24 Silimin gɔli September 2023 (GMT)

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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-39&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W39&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Vector 2022 skin will now remember the pinned/unpinned status for the Table of Contents for all logged-out users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316060]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mediawiki.ui&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; modules are now deprecated as part of the move to Vue.js and Codex. There is a [[mw:Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. More [[phab:T346468|details are available in the task]] and your questions are welcome there.
* Gadget definitions will have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new &quot;namespaces&quot; option]]. The option takes a list of namespace IDs. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages in the given namespaces.

'''Future changes'''
* New variables will be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]]: &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;global_account_groups&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;global_account_editcount&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. They are available only when an account is being created. You can use them to prevent blocking automatic creation of accounts when users with many edits elsewhere visit your wiki for the first time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345632][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Rules_format]

'''Meetings'''
* You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1698426015 27 October at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Office_Hours#October_2023|details and how to join]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W39&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:51, 26 Silimin gɔli September 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25655264 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-40&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W40&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There is a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-advancedrendering|user preference]] for &quot;{{int:tog-forcesafemode}}&quot;. This setting will make pages load without including any on-wiki JavaScript or on-wiki stylesheet pages. It can be useful for debugging broken JavaScript gadgets. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342347]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget definitions now have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new &quot;&lt;var&gt;contentModels&lt;/var&gt;&quot; option]]. The option takes a list of page content models, like &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;wikitext&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;css&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages with the given content models.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.29|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Vector 2022 skin will no longer use the custom styles and scripts of Vector legacy (2010). The change will be made later this year or in early 2024. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|how to adjust the CSS and JS pages on your wiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331679]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W40&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:27, 3 Silimin gɔli October 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25686930 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-41&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W41&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33291|Fon]] ([[w:fon:|&lt;code&gt;w:fon:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347935]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-warwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xalwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xmfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zeawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zh_min_nanwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zuwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308139]
* At some wikis, newcomers are suggested images from Commons to add to articles without any images. Starting on Tuesday, newcomers at these wikis will be able to add images to unillustrated article sections. The specific wikis are listed under &quot;Images recommendations&quot; [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment table|at the Growth team deployment table]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add an image|learn more about this feature.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345940]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In the mobile web skin (Minerva) the CSS ID &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#page-actions&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will be replaced with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#p-views&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. This change is to make it consistent with other skins and to improve support for gadgets and extensions in the mobile skin. A few gadgets may need to be updated; there are [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348267 details and search-links in the task].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W41&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 14:39, 9 Silimin gɔli October 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25712895 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': September 2023 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue IX, September 2023&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Disseminating open culture
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Amazonia on Wiki
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Wikidata and the editing of Ibero-American scientific journals
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/France report|France report]]: Celebrating Rugby Herstory and History in Toulouse; Les Lorraines sans pages
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/India report|India report]]: Wikimedia Commons Contest connects Pune citizens with the rivers Mula &amp; Mutha
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: 10,000 institutions on the Wikimedia projects
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: West Coast Wikipedian at Large
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki educational activities
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: With multiple events, September was a busy month for Wikimedia Portugal 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Wikipedia in education; Continuation at Swedish folk high schools; Wikipedians at the Bookfair
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A new WIR and a very old book
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikimedia New York City Election 2023; San Diego/September 2023; Climate Change and Food Safety
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: OpenRefine and Wikimedia Commons: train the trainer course participants and two surveys
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: European photo contest finalists, Local Contexts Wikiproject at GLAMhack
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Wikisource Loves Manuscripts, ICOM outreach, Flickr Foundation partnership, OpenRefine adoption, new sources in The Wikipedia Library, Image Description Month events, and the GLAM Wiki Conference
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: October's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 15:02, 11 Silimin gɔli October 2023 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=25712541 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-42&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W42&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|Unified login]] system's edge login should now be fixed for some browsers (Chrome, Edge, Opera). This means that if you visit a new sister project wiki, you should be logged in automatically without the need to click &quot;Log in&quot; or reload the page. Feedback on whether it's working for you is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347889]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/Edit_notice|Edit notices]] are now available within the MobileFrontend/Minerva skin. This feature was inspired by [[w:en:Wikipedia:EditNoticesOnMobile|the gadget on English Wikipedia]]. See more details in [[phab:T316178|T316178]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* In 3 weeks, in the Vector 2022 skin, code related to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;addPortletLink&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#p-namespaces&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; that was deprecated one year ago will be removed. If you notice tools that should appear next to the &quot;Discussion&quot; tab are then missing, please tell the gadget's maintainers to see [[phab:T347907|instructions in the Phabricator task]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W42&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:47, 16 Silimin gɔli October 2023 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-43&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W43&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language engineering/Newsletter/2023/October|Language and internationalization newsletter]], written quarterly. It contains updates on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects, and related support work.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Source map support has been enabled on all wikis. When you open the debugger in your browser's developer tools, you should be able to see the unminified JavaScript source code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T47514]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W43&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:16, 23 Silimin gɔli October 2023 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-44&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W44&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Structured Content team, as part of its project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]], made some UX improvements to the upload step of choosing own vs not own work ([[phab:T347590|T347590]]), as well as to the licensing step for own work ([[phab:T347756|T347756]]).
* The Design Systems team has released version 1.0.0 of [[wmdoc:codex/latest/|Codex]], the new design system for Wikimedia. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design_Systems_Team/Announcing_Codex_1.0|full announcement about the release of Codex 1.0.0]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Listings on category pages are sorted on each wiki for that language using a [[:w:en:International Components for Unicode|library]]. For a brief period on 2 November, changes to categories will not be sorted correctly for many languages. This is because the developers are upgrading to a new version of the library. They will then use a script to fix the existing categories. This will take a few hours or a few days depending on how big the wiki is. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Technical Operations/ICU announcement|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345561][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267145] 
* Starting November 1, the impact module (Special:Impact) will be upgraded by the Growth team. The new impact module shows newcomers more data regarding their impact on the wiki. It was tested by a few wikis during the last few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203]

'''Future changes'''
* There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans#Roadmap|a proposed plan]] for re-enabling the Graph Extension. You can help by reviewing this proposal and [[mw:Extension_talk:Graph/Plans#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20231020221600-Update:_20_October|sharing what you think about it]].
* The WMF is working on making it possible for administrators to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration_2.0|edit MediaWiki configuration directly]]. This is similar to previous work on Special:EditGrowthConfig. [[phab:T349757|A technical RfC is running until November 08, where you can provide feedback.]] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W44&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:21, 30 Silimin gɔli October 2023 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-45&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W45&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* In the Vector 2022 skin, the default font-size of a number of navigational elements (tagline, tools menu, navigational links, and more) has been increased slightly to match the font size used in page content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346062]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, there was a problem displaying some recent edits on [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist a few wikis], for 1-6 hours. The edits were saved but not immediately shown. This was due to a database problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350443]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The Growth team will reassign newcomers from former mentors to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured mentor list|the currently active mentors]]. They have also changed the notification language to be more user-friendly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330071][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327493]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W45&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:06, 6 Silimin gɔli November 2023 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': October 2023 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue X, October 2023&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Celebrating Wikipedia's 20th Birthday in Albanian Language
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Content, resources and platforms for open access!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: October Report
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Monuments Brasil 2023 and Open Midiateca
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Open Access Week and Wikidata; Opening Culture and Heritage training
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Côte d'Ivoire report|Côte d'Ivoire report]]: Wikimedia Côte d'Ivoire and Apsid-ci collaboration for Glam
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: Looong summer is over 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Great first results in State Regional Archives and Wikiresident Group coworking
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Ireland report|Ireland report]]: Wikimedia Community Ireland Host WikiWomen Partner Meeting at Dublin's historical Port
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Results of funded projects within Call GLAM 2023
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Wiki Loves Fashion in the Netherlands
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Biodiversity Information Standards Conference 2023 (TDWG2023) and the Entomological Collection Network Meeting (ECN2023) 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: WikiMatejko, Internships, Open Heritage, folk costumes
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Open Access Week celebrations and an edit-a-thon to increase the visibility of black lusophone communities
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Dynamic October in Serbia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/South Africa report|South Africa report]]: Edit-a-thon for Librarians at the annual Library and Information Association of South Africa 2023 Conference
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Wikipedia for all of Sweden; Museums and Wikidata – why and how?; Photo memories from Stockholm and Rome; Negotiating Knowledge on Wikipedia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programm
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Good omens for a rosy future
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Women in Environmental Justice; October WikiSalon
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: AvoinGLAM joins the long-awaited GLAM Wiki 2023
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Let's Connect
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: Learning and sharing
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report|Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report]]: The Wikimedia and Libraries AI Salons
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: November's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 03:14, 11 Silimin gɔli November 2023 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-46&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W46&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Four new wikis have been created:
** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q7598268|Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[w:zgh:|&lt;code&gt;w:zgh:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350216]
** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35159|Dagaare]] ([[w:dga:|&lt;code&gt;w:dga:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350218]
** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q33017|Toba Batak]] ([[w:bbc:|&lt;code&gt;w:bbc:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350320]
** a Wikiquote in [[d:Q33151|Banjar]] ([[q:bjn:|&lt;code&gt;q:bjn:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350217]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, users who previously visited Meta-Wiki or Wikimedia Commons and then became logged out on those wikis could not log in again. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350695]
* Last week, some pop-up dialogs and menus were shown with the wrong font size. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350544]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* Reference Previews are coming to many wikis as a default feature. They are popups for references, similar to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|You can opt out]] of seeing them. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews. [[phab:T282999|Deployment]] is planned for November 22, 2023. 
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Canary (also known as heartbeat) events will be produced into [https://stream.wikimedia.org/?doc#/streams Wikimedia event streams] from December 11. Streams users are advised to filter out these events, by discarding all events where &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;meta.domain == &quot;canary&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Updates to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] or [https://github.com/ChlodAlejandro/wikimedia-streams wikimedia-streams] will discard these events by default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266798]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W46&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:52, 13 Silimin gɔli November 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25859263 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-47&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W47&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-quwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_rupwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_tarawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rwwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-satwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-shwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-siwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-skwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-slwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-smwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-suwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-szlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tcywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tetwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-towiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tpiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ttwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-twwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tyvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-udmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-uzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vecwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vepwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vlswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vowiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308141][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308142][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308143] 
* The Vector 2022 skin will have some minor visual changes to drop-down menus, column widths, and more. These changes were added to four Wikipedias last week. If no issues are found, these changes will proceed to all wikis this week. These changes will make it possible to add new menus for readability and dark mode. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates#November_2023:_Visual_changes,_more_deployments,_and_shifting_focus|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347711]

'''Future changes'''
* There is [[mw:Extension talk:Graph/Plans#Update: 15 November|an update on re-enabling the Graph Extension]]. To speed up the process, Vega 2 will not be supported and only [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335325 some protocols] will be available at launch. You can help by sharing what you think about the plan.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W47&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:55, 21 Silimin gɔli November 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25884616 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-48&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W48&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki's JavaScript system will now allow &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;async&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;await&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; syntax in gadgets and user scripts. Gadget authors should remember that users' browsers may not support it, so it should be used appropriately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343499]
* The deployment of &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a link]]&quot; announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|last week]] was postponed. It will resume this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W48&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:09, 27 Silimin gɔli November 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25906379 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-49&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W49&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The spacing between paragraphs on Vector 2022 has been changed from 7px to 14px to match the size of the text. This will make it easier to distinguish paragraphs from sentences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T351754]
* The &quot;{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}&quot; feature in VisualEditor is working again. You no longer need to switch to source editing to edit &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; keywords. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* On 6 December, people who have the enabled the preference for &quot;{{int:Discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot; will notice the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|talk page usability improvements]] appear on pages that include the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__NEWSECTIONLINK__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; magic word. If you notice any issues, please [[phab:T352232|share them with the team on Phabricator]].

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge [[wikitech:News/Toolforge Grid Engine deprecation|Grid Engine shutdown process]] will start on December 14. Maintainers of [[toolforge:grid-deprecation|tools that still use this old system]] should plan to migrate to Kubernetes, or tell the team your plans on Phabricator in the task about your tool, before that date. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/VIWWQKMSQO2ED3TVUR7KPPWRTOBYBVOA/]
* Communities using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions|Structured Discussions]] are being contacted regarding [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|the upcoming deprecation of Structured Discussions]]. You can read more about this project, and share your comments, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|on the project's page]].

'''Events'''
* Registration &amp; Scholarship applications are now open for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2024|Wikimedia Hackathon 2024]] that will take place from 3–5 May in Tallinn, Estonia. Scholarship applications are open until 5 January 2024.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W49&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:50, 4 Silimin gɔli December 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25914435 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': November 2023 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue XI, November 2023&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Three-months of Wikimedian in Residence at the Qemal Baholli Public Library in Albania 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: New partners in Rio and GLAM WikiCon
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: WCNA 2023: an key event for North American users
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Wiki GLAM Conf and Bogotá Libraries Meeting
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/France report|France report]]: Edit-a-thon Le retour de la momie
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Record edition of Wiki Loves Monuments in Italy
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Share your Data course, history month, REBOOT! and Dutch Public Domain Day event
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Summer students at Auckland Museum
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki Conference, WikiMatejko
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Catalan culture and showcasing Wikimedia on both side of the Atlantic
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Wikipedians in Residence, GLAM Wiki Conference
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: National Historical Museums of Sweden contributions; Photo memories from all over the world engage the community; Museum of medieval photo safari
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Fifty article milestone
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: AvoinGLAM at GLAM Wiki 2023
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: 3,000 medical images on Wikimedia Commons through the Helpdesk
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: 2023 Living Heritage elements are added to Wiki Loves Living Heritage
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: December's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 08:40, 11 Silimin gɔli December 2023 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=25925124 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-50&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W50&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* On Wikimedia Commons, there are some minor user-interface improvements for the &quot;choosing own vs not own work&quot; step in the UploadWizard. This is part of the Structured Content team's project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352707][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352709]

'''Problems'''
* There was a problem showing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Newcomer homepage|Newcomer homepage]] feature with the &quot;impact module&quot; and their page-view graphs, for a few days in early December. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352352][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352349]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=]] The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/796964 2023 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 5 January 2024, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:December_2023_Developer_Satisfaction_Survey|privacy statement]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W50&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:12, 12 Silimin gɔli December 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25945501 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-51&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W51&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translations]] are available.

'''Tech News'''
* The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 8 January 2024 because of [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|the holidays]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting December 18, it won't be possible to activate Structured Discussions on a user's own talk page using the Beta feature. The Beta feature option remains available for users who want to deactivate Structured Discussions. This is part of [[mw:Structured Discussions/Deprecation|Structured Discussions' deprecation work]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248309] 
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There will be full support for redirects in the Module namespace. The &quot;Move Page&quot; feature will leave an appropriate redirect behind, and such redirects will be appropriately recognized by the software (e.g. hidden from [[{{#special:UnconnectedPages}}]]). There will also be support for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Renaming or moving modules|manual redirects]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120794]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The MediaWiki JavaScript documentation is moving to a new format. During the move, you can read the old docs using [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/REL1_41/js/ version 1.41]. Feedback about [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/master/js/ the new site] is welcome on the [[mw:Talk:JSDoc_WMF_theme|project talk page]].
* The Wishathon is a new initiative that encourages collaboration across the Wikimedia community to develop solutions for wishes collected through the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The first community Wishathon will take place from 15–17 March. If you are interested in a project proposal as a user, developer, designer, or product lead, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WishathonMarch2024|register for the event and read more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W51&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:18, 18 Silimin gɔli December 2023 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25959059 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-02&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W02&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [https://mediawiki2latex.wmflabs.org/ mediawiki2latex] is a tool that converts wiki content into the formats of LaTeX, PDF, ODT, and EPUB. The code now runs many times faster due to recent improvements. There is also an optional Docker container you can [[b:de:Benutzer:Dirk_Hünniger/wb2pdf/install#Using_Docker|install]] on your local machine.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The way that Random pages are selected has been updated. This will slowly reduce the problem of some pages having a lower chance of appearing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309477]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W02&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:20, 9 Silimin gɔli January 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26026251 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2023 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue XII, December 2023&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wiki Loves EuroPride in Albania 2023
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Bosnia &amp; Herzegovina report|Bosnia &amp; Herzegovina report]]: A year in review ...
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: 2023 in review 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Wiki-residents establishing meeting took place in December
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Go-ahead for Wikidata Project of GLAM institutions from Baden-Württemberg
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: WLM Local winners and funds for 2024 GLAM projects
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Auckland Museum summer updates
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Intense end to a year of GLAM-Wiki activities in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Photo memories project concludes; Sörmlands museum passes 1000 uploads to Wikimedia Commons; Wikimedian in Residence supports an upload of music content; Subject terms from Queerlit; Wikidata for authority control: 3 years of work
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Program
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: 2023 in Review
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: WikiConference North America 2023; TSU and USF; Philadelphia WikiSalon; Wikimedia DC Annual Membership Meeting; Wikipedia Editing 101 for All; NYC Hacking Night; Upstate NY workshop; Wikiquote She Said Project
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: Thank you for making Wiki Loves Living Heritage happen!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Updates and invitation to test the Commons Impact Metrics prototype 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 05:25, 13 Silimin gɔli January 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=26019095 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-03&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Pages that use the JSON [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:ContentHandler|contentmodel]] will now use tabs instead of spaces for auto-indentation. This will significantly reduce the page size. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326065]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and personal user scripts may now use JavaScript syntax introduced in ES6 (also known as &quot;ES2015&quot;) and ES7 (&quot;ES2016&quot;). MediaWiki validates the source code to protect other site functionality from syntax errors, and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browsers|supported browsers]]. Previously, Gadgets could use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;requiresES6&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; option. This option is no longer needed and will be removed in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T75714]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|Bot passwords]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|owner-only OAuth consumers]] can now be restricted to allow editing only specific pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T349957]
* You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thank]] edits made by bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341388]
* An update on the status of the Community Wishlist Survey for 2024 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Future Of The Wishlist/January 4, 2024 Update|has been published]]. Please read and give your feedback.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting on January 17, it will not be possible to login to Wikimedia wikis from some specific old versions of the Chrome browser (versions 51–66, released between 2016 and 2018). Additionally, users of iOS 12, or Safari on Mac OS 10.14, may need to login to each wiki separately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344791]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;jquery.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; module was deprecated and replaced with the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mediawiki.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; module last year. A script has now been run to replace any remaining uses, and this week the temporary alias will be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354966]

'''Future changes'''
* Wikimedia Deutschland is working to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. They are looking for people who are interested in participating in [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ individual video calls for user research in January and February].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W03&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:13, 16 Silimin gɔli January 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26074460 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-04&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* A bug in UploadWizard prevented linking to the userpage of the uploader when uploading. It has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354529]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W04&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:04, 23 Silimin gɔli January 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26096197 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-05&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Starting Monday January 29, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they are looking for, even if this comment was moved elsewhere. This will affect all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. You can read more about this change [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/ on Diff] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk_pages_permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]].&lt;!-- The Diff post will be published on Monday morning UTC--&gt; [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302011]
* There are some improvements to the CAPTCHA to make it harder for spam bots and scripts to bypass it. If you have feedback on this change, please comment on [[phab:T141490|the task]]. Staff are monitoring metrics related to the CAPTCHA, as well as secondary metrics such as account creations and edit counts.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] On February 1, a link will be added to the &quot;Tools&quot; menu to download a [[w:en:QR code|QR code]] that links to the page you are viewing. There will also be a new [[{{#special:QrCode}}]] page to create QR codes for any Wikimedia URL. This addresses the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Mobile and apps/Add ability to share QR code for a page in any Wikimedia project|#19 most-voted wish]] from the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329973]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] which only work in some skins have sometimes used the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;targets&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; option to limit where you can use them. This will stop working this week. You should use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;skins&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; option instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328497]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W05&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:31, 29 Silimin gɔli January 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26137870 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-06&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
*The mobile site history pages now use the same HTML as the desktop history pages. If you hear of any problems relating to mobile history usage please point them to [[phab:T353388|the phabricator task]].
*On most wikis, admins can now block users from making specific actions. These actions are: uploading files, creating new pages, moving (renaming) pages, and sending thanks. The goal of this feature is to allow admins to apply blocks that are adequate to the blocked users' activity. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Partial blocks#action-blocks|Learn more about &quot;action blocks&quot;]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T242541][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280531]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Talk pages permalinks that included diacritics and non-Latin script were malfunctioning. This issue is fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356199]

'''Future changes'''
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#24WPs|24 Wikipedias]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference_Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] as a default gadget are encouraged to remove that default flag. This would make [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference_Previews|Reference Previews]] the new default for reference popups, leading to a more consistent experience across wikis. For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#46WPs|46 Wikipedias]] with less than 4 interface admins, the change is already scheduled for mid-February, [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference Previews to become the default for previewing references on more wikis.|unless there are concerns]]. The older Reference Tooltips gadget will still remain usable and will override this feature, if it is available on your wiki and you have enabled it in your settings. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference_Previews_to_become_the_default_for_previewing_references_on_more_wikis][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355312]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W06&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:22, 5 Silimin gɔli February 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26180971 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue I, January 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Day in Albania 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: First international public domain day celebration in Europe coming up on March 7
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: A legal infrastructure for sharing public collections in Brazil: the case of Midiateca Capixaba
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: January '24: Institute of Physics photos and Free culture discussion
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Photographing at the second half of 2023
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Documenting ASI (Archaeological Survey of India) Museums in Bihar
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Public Domain Day &amp; Monumental Moments
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Aotearoa Wikipedian at Large, and Auckland Museum updates
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: An update on the Wikimatejko editing action and an invitation to the international community to join the action
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Unveiling Catrapilha: A ReacTive approach to GLAM content import
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Freedom of Panorama in Sweden
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Indonesian praise for an Ottoman photograph of Arabia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikipedia Day 2024; edit-a-thon; meetups
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Events! Events!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: New OpenRefine documentation for Wikimedia Commons
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: WiLMa Updates, OpenRefine training, Biodiversity, and Librarians
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 02:00, 10 Silimin gɔli February 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=26180968 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-07&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
*  The [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split experiment]] is working and loaded onto 3 test servers. The team in charge is testing the split's impact and requires feedback from WDQS users through the UI or programmatically in different channels. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata_talk:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_graph_split][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356773][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Sannita_(WMF)] Users' feedback will validate the impact of various use cases and workflows around the Wikidata Query service. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/October_2023_scaling_update][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikidata_Query_Service/User_Manual#Federation]

'''Problems'''
*There was a bug that affected the appearance of visited links when using mobile device to access wiki sites. It made the links appear black; [[phab:T356928|this issue]] is fixed.  

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] As work continues on the grid engine deprecation,[https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation] tools on the grid engine will be stopped starting on February 14th, 2024. If you have tools actively migrating you can ask for an extension so they are not stopped. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W07&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 05:49, 13 Silimin gɔli February 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26223994 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-08&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* If you have the &quot;{{int:Tog-enotifwatchlistpages}}&quot; option enabled, edits by bot accounts no longer trigger notification emails. Previously, only minor edits would not trigger the notification emails. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356984]
* There are changes to how user and site scripts load for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022| Vector 2022]] on specific wikis. The changes impacted the following Wikis: all projects with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector legacy]] as the default skin, Wikivoyage, and Wikibooks. Other wikis will be affected over the course of the next three months. Gadgets are not impacted. If you have been affected or want to minimize the impact on your project, see [[Phab:T357580| this ticket]]. Please coordinate and take action proactively.
*Newly auto-created accounts (the accounts you get when you visit a new wiki) now have the same local notification preferences as users who freshly register on that wiki. It is effected in four notification types listed in the [[phab:T353225|task's description]].
*The maximum file size when using [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload_Wizard|Upload Wizard]] is now 5 GiB. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191804]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Selected tools on the grid engine have been [[wikitech:News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation|stopped]] as we prepare to shut down the grid on March 14th, 2024. The tool's code and data have not been deleted. If you are a maintainer and you want your tool re-enabled reach out to the [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support|team]]. Only tools that have asked for extension are still running on the grid.
* The CSS &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/filter filter]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; property can now be used in HTML &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;style&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attributes in wikitext. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308160]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W08&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:37, 19 Silimin gɔli February 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26254282 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-09&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile|mobile visual editor]] is now the default editor for users who never edited before, at a small group of wikis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile/VE_mobile_default#A/B_test_results| Research ]] shows that users using this editor are slightly more successful publishing the edits they started, and slightly less successful publishing non-reverted edits. Users who defined the wikitext editor as their default on desktop will get the wikitext editor on mobile for their first edit on mobile as well. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352127]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core modules#mw.config|mw.config]] value &lt;code&gt;wgGlobalGroups&lt;/code&gt; now only contains groups that are active in the wiki. Scripts no longer have to check whether the group is active on the wiki via an API request. A code example of the above is: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;if (/globalgroupname/.test(mw.config.get(&quot;wgGlobalGroups&quot;)))&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356008]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* The right to change [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Tags|edit tags]] (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;changetags&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) will be removed from users in Wikimedia sites, keeping it by default for admins and bots only. Your community can ask to retain the old configuration on your wiki before this change happens. Please indicate in [[phab:T355639|this ticket]] to keep it for your community before the end of March 2024.
'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W09&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:23, 26 Silimin gɔli February 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26294125 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-10&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Special:Book&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; page (as well as the associated &quot;Create a book&quot; functionality) provided by the old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Collection|Collection extension]] has been removed from all Wikisource wikis, as it was broken. This does not affect the ability to download normal books, which is provided by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Wikisource|Wikisource extension]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358437]
* [[m:Wikitech|Wikitech]] now uses the next-generation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] wikitext parser by default to generate all pages in the Talk namespace.  Report any problems on the [[mw:Talk:Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Known_Issues|Known Issues discussion page]]. You can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration]] extension to control the use of Parsoid; see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration help documentation]] for more details.
* Maintenance on [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org etherpad] is completed. If you encounter any issues, please indicate in [[phab:T316421|this ticket]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] allow interface admins to create custom features with CSS and JavaScript. The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Gadget&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Gadget_definition&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; namespaces and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;gadgets-definition-edit&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; user right were reserved for an experiment in 2015, but were never used. These were visible on Special:Search and Special:ListGroupRights. The unused namespaces and user rights are now removed. No pages are moved, and no changes need to be made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T31272]
* A usability improvement to the &quot;Add a citation&quot; in Wikipedia workflow has been made, the insert button was moved to the popup header. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354847]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
*  All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233]
* The HTML markup of headings and section edit links will be changed later this year to improve accessibility. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Heading_HTML_changes|Heading HTML changes]] for details. The new markup will be the same as in the new Parsoid wikitext parser. You can test your gadget or stylesheet with the new markup if you add &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;?useparsoid=1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to your URL ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Selecting_a_parser_using_a_URL_query_string|more info]]) or turn on Parsoid read views in your user options ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Enabling_via_user_preference|more info]]).
*

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W10&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:47, 4 Silimin gɔli March 2024 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue II, February 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: One village, One article in Albania and Kosovo
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: On tour
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: News from Rio de Janeiro
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/France report|France report]]: Open Content Observatory letter
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Antarctic Writing Month and GLAM call
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: One Village, One Article Campaign
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: WikiProject Te Papa Research Expeditions, wrapping up the Auckland / Tāmaki Makaurau local histories project, and the Aotearoa Wikipedian at Large
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: WikiMatejko editing action; The eighth European GLAM Wiki coordinators meet up
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: SMALL GLAM SLAM Pilot 1 Rapid Grant
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Working life museums
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: National Trust, Leeds 2023, and Khalili Foundation
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Hacking Night; Seattle Meetups; Denver Huddle; Wikipedia Day LA; San Diego/February 2024; Supreme Court visit
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group February Monthly Highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Working with catalogues: a Wikidata volunteer’s perspective
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Updates on OpenRefine training and Wikisource Loves manuscripts
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 13:50, 10 Silimin gɔli March 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=26279731 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-11&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* After consulting with various communities, the line height of the text on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] will be increased to its previous value of 1.65. Different options for typography can also be set using the options in the menu, as needed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358498]
*The active link color in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva]] will be changed to provide more consistency with our other platforms and best practices. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358516]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Structured data|Structured data on Commons]] will no longer ask whether you want to leave the page without saving. This will prevent the “information you’ve entered may not be saved” popups from appearing when no information have been entered. It will also make file pages on Commons load faster in certain cases. However, the popups will be hidden even if information has indeed been entered. If you accidentally close the page before saving the structured data you entered, that data will be lost. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312315]

'''Future changes'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W11&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:04, 11 Silimin gɔli March 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26374013 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-12&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The notice &quot;Language links are at the top of the page&quot; that appears in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]] main menu has been removed now that users have learned the new location of the Language switcher. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T353619]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing:_Privacy_Enhancement_and_Abuse_Mitigation/IP_Info_feature|IP info feature]] displays data from Spur, an IP addresses database. Previously, the only data source for this feature was MaxMind. Now, IP info is more useful for patrollers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341395]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge Grid Engine services have been shut down after the final migration process from Grid Engine to Kubernetes. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Obsolete:Toolforge/Grid][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2022/03/14/toolforge-and-grid-engine/]
* Communities can now customize the default reasons for undeleting a page by creating [[MediaWiki:Undelete-comment-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326746]

'''Problems'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] is an interface to interactively browse a page's history. Users in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider/Developing_a_RTL-accessible_feature_in_MediaWiki_-_what_we%27ve_learned_while_creating_the_RevisionSlider|right-to-left]] languages reported RevisionSlider reacting wrong to mouse clicks. This should be fixed now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352169]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1710943200 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W12&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:39, 18 Silimin gɔli March 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26410165 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-13&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] An update was made on March 18th 2024 to how various projects load site, user JavaScript and CSS in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]]. A [[phab:T360384|checklist]] is provided for site admins to follow.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W13&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:56, 25 Silimin gɔli March 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26446209 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-14&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|reading accessibility]] beta feature will notice that the default line height for the standard and large text options has changed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359030]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation has an annual plan. The annual plan decides what the Wikimedia Foundation will work on. You can now read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product &amp; Technology OKRs#Draft Key Results|the draft key results]] for the Product and Technology department. They are suggestions for what results the Foundation wants from big technical changes from July 2024 to June 2025. You can [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|comment on the talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W14&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 03:36, 2 Silimin gɔli April 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26462933 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-15&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Web browsers can use tools called [[:w:en:Browser extension|extensions]]. There is now a Chrome extension called [[m:Future Audiences/Experiment:Citation Needed|Citation Needed]] which you can use to see if an online statement is supported by a Wikipedia article. This is a small experiment to see if Wikipedia can be used this way. Because it is a small experiment, it can only be used in Chrome in English.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit Recovery|Edit Recovery]] feature has been added to all wikis, available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user preference]]. Once you enable it, your in-progress edits will be stored in your web browser, and if you accidentally close an editing window or your browser or computer crashes, you will be prompted to recover the unpublished text. Please leave any feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Edit-recovery feature|project talk page]]. This was the #8 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey.
* Initial results of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] experiments [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#4_April_2024|have been published]]. Edit Check is now deployed as a default feature at [[phab:T342930#9538364|the wikis that tested it]]. [[mw:Talk:Edit check|Let us know]] if you want your wiki to be part of the next deployment of Edit check. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342930][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361727]
* Readers using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] on mobile will notice there has been an improvement in the line height across all typography settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359029]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* New accounts and logged-out users will get the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] as their default editor on mobile. This deployment is made at all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361134]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W15&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:37, 8 Silimin gɔli April 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26564838 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue III, March 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: WikiGap Tirana 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Art+Feminism in Australia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Belgian Public domain day and Wiki Loves Heritage awards on March 7
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: A GLAM focus on Rio de Janeiro; Archivos en vigília
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Making the public domain visible on Wikidata; In Colombia Women are historical
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: GLAM call winner projects
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: GLAMorousToHTML - a tool to list Wikipedia articles that include images from a given Commons category
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Update on Wikidata:WikiProject Te Papa research expeditions and the Wikipedian at Large
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland in March
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: More photo memories – and the community is helping out; Yearly student project
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A small problem with the Ottoman Empire
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: GLAM CSI and WikiPortraits launch and more meetups
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group March monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: GLAMorousToHTML - a tool to list Wikipedia articles that include images from a given Commons category
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: WikiLearn course for OpenRefine on Wikimedia Commons
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Learn to upload to Commons with OpenRefine and get up to date on the International Museum Day, GLAM CSI, WiLMa Network, and WikiWorkshop
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 01:56, 11 Silimin gɔli April 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=26483115 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-16&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Between 2 April and 8 April, on wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged Revisions]], the &quot;{{Int:tag-mw-reverted}}&quot; tag was not applied to undone edits. In addition, page moves, protections and imports were not autoreviewed. This problem is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361918][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361940]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#DEFAULTSORT|Default category sort keys]] will now affect categories added by templates placed in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite|footnotes]]. Previously footnotes used the page title as the default sort key even if a different default sort key was specified (category-specific sort keys already worked). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40435]
* A new variable &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;page_last_edit_age&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will be added to [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]]. It tells how many seconds ago the last edit to a page was made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T269769]

'''Future changes'''
* Volunteer developers are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Four database fields will be removed from database replicas (including [[quarry:|Quarry]]). This affects only the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;abuse_filter&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;abuse_filter_history&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; tables. Some queries might need to be updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361996]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W16&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:29, 15 Silimin gɔli April 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26564838 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-17&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Starting this week, newcomers editing Wikipedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Leveling up 3|will be encouraged]] to try structured tasks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer tasks|Structured tasks]] have been shown to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link/Experiment analysis, December 2021|improve newcomer activation and retention]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348086]
* You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|nominate your favorite tools]] for the fifth edition of the Coolest Tool Award. Nominations will be open until May 10. 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* This is the last warning that by the end of May 2024 the Vector 2022 skin will no longer share site and user scripts/styles with old Vector. For user-scripts that you want to keep using on Vector 2022, copy the contents of [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector.js]] to [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector-2022.js]]. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|more technical details]] available. Interface administrators who foresee this leading to lots of technical support questions may wish to send a mass message to your community, as was done on French Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362701]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W17&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:28, 22 Silimin gɔli April 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26647188 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-18&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''

[[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]]
* The appearance of talk pages changed for the following wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}. These wikis participated to a test, where 50% of users got the new design, for one year. As this test [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|gave positive results]], the new design is deployed on these wikis as the default design. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] (&quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot;). The deployment will happen at all wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341491]
* Seven new wikis have been created: 
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[w:bew:|&lt;code&gt;w:bew:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357866]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35708|Kusaal]] ([[w:kus:|&lt;code&gt;w:kus:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359757]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35513|Igala]] ([[w:igl:|&lt;code&gt;w:igl:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361644]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q33541|Karakalpak]] ([[wikt:kaa:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:kaa:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362135]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9228|Burmese]] ([[s:my:|&lt;code&gt;s:my:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361085]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[s:ms:|&lt;code&gt;s:ms:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363039]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q8108|Georgian]] ([[s:ka:|&lt;code&gt;s:ka:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363085]
* You can now [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Support#Early_access:_Watch_Message_Groups_on_Translatewiki.net watch message groups/projects] on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/translatewiki.net|Translatewiki.net]]. Initially, this feature will notify you of added or deleted messages in these groups. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348501]
* Dark mode is now available on all wikis, on mobile web for logged-in users who opt into the [[Special:MobileOptions|advanced mode]]. This is the early release of the feature. Technical editors are invited to [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ check for accessibility issues on wikis]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|more detailed guidelines]].

'''Problems'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can use an alternative visual style without labels, by using &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mapstyle=&quot;osm&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. This wasn't working in previews, creating the wrong impression that it wasn't supported. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362531]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W18&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 03:33, 30 Silimin gɔli April 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26689057 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-19&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
[[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]]
* The appearance of talk pages changed for all wikis, except for Commons, Wikidata and most Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|a few]] have already received this design change). You can read the detail of the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] (&quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot;). The deployment will happen at remaining wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352087][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Interface admins now have greater control over the styling of article components on mobile with the introduction of the &lt;code&gt;SiteAdminHelper&lt;/code&gt;. More information on how styles can be disabled can be found [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikimediaMessages#Site_admin_helper|at the extension's page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363932]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has added article body sections in JSON format and a curated short description field to the existing parsed Infobox. This expansion to the API is also available via Wikimedia Cloud Services. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/article-sections-and-description/]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* When you look at the Special:Log page, the first view is labelled &quot;All public logs&quot;, but it only shows some logs. This label will now say &quot;Main public logs&quot;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T237729]

'''Future changes'''
* A new service will be built to replace [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Extension:Graph]]. Details can be found in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans|the latest update]] regarding this extension.
* Starting May 21, English Wikipedia and German Wikipedia will get the possibility to activate &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot;. This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to all Wikipedias]]. These communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|activate and configure the feature locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308144]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W19&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:44, 6 Silimin gɔli May 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26729363 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue IV, April 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: International Roma Day Editathon in Albania and Kosovo, 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: New images from Central Australia on Wikimedia Commons, Library Science WikiProject students edit Wikipedia &amp; 1Lib1Ref in Australia and New Zealand 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Library Month
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: 2023 became a promissing year for wiki-residents and partnerships in CR
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: International Roma Day Editathon in Albania and Kosovo, 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Informal GLAM hack session
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Te Papa research expeditions and the Wikipedian at Large 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Climate Changes and GLAM
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland in April
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: SMALL GLAM SLAM
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: 100 000 bildminnen; Metabase
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Heaven on Earth at last?
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group April monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: AI Sauna quick reflection
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: OpenRefine online courses in more languages, and certified trainers
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: OpenRefine course in three more languages and International Museum Day challenges
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 06:43, 11 Silimin gɔli May 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=26483115 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-20&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* On Wikisource there is a special page listing pages of works without corresponding scan images. Now you can use the new magic word &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;__EXPECTWITHOUTSCANS__&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to exclude certain pages (list of editions or translations of works) from that list. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344214]
* If you use the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user-preference]] &quot;{{int:tog-uselivepreview}}&quot;, then the template-page feature &quot;{{int:Templatesandbox-editform-legend}}&quot; will now also work without reloading the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T136907]
* [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now specify an alternative text via the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;alt=&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute. This is identical in usage to the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;alt=&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Syntax|image and gallery syntax]]. An exception for this feature is wikis like Wikivoyage where the miniature maps are interactive. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328137]
* The old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|Guided Tour]] for the &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|New Filters for Edit Review]]&quot; feature has been removed. It was created in 2017 to show people with older accounts how the interface had changed, and has now been seen by most of the intended people. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217451]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[{{#special:search}}]] results page will now use CSS flex attributes, for better accessibility, instead of a table. If you have a gadget or script that adjusts search results, you should update your script to the new HTML structure. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320295]

'''Future changes'''
* In the Vector 2022 skin, main pages will be displayed at full width (like special pages). The goal is to keep the number of characters per line large enough. This is related to the coming changes to typography in Vector 2022. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357706]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two columns of the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:pagelinks table|pagelinks]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; database table (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;pl_namespace&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;pl_title&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) are being dropped soon. Users must use two columns of the new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:special:MyLanguage/Manual:linktarget table|linktarget]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; table instead (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;lt_namespace&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;lt_title&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;). In your existing SQL queries:
*# Replace &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;JOIN pagelinks&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;JOIN linktarget&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;pl_&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;lt_&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;ON&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; statement
*# Below that add &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;JOIN pagelinks ON lt_id = pl_target_id&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;
** See &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[phab:T222224]]&lt;/bdi&gt; for technical reasoning. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222224][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299947]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W20&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:58, 13 Silimin gɔli May 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-21&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, will now correctly delete pages which were moved to another title. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T43351]
* New changes have been made to the UploadWizard in Wikimedia Commons: the overall layout has been improved, by following new styling and spacing for the form and its fields; the headers and helper text for each of the fields was changed; the Caption field is now a required field, and there is an option for users to copy their caption into the media description. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:WMF_support_for_Commons/Upload_Wizard_Improvements#Changes_to_%22Describe%22_workflow][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361049]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]]  The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading_HTML_changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It will change on 22 May in some skins (Timeless, Modern, CologneBlue, Nostalgia, and Monobook). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in all other skins. The developers are also considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W21&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:04, 20 Silimin gɔli May 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-22&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Several bugs related to the latest updates to the UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons have been fixed. For more information, see [[:phab:T365107|T365107]] and [[:phab:T365119|T365119]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In March 2024 a new [[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortlet|addPortlet]] API was added to allow gadgets to create new portlets (menus) in the skin. In certain skins this can be used to create dropdowns. Gadget developers are invited to try it and [[phab:T361661|give feedback]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some CSS in the Minerva skin has been removed to enable easier community configuration. Interface editors should check the rendering on mobile devices for aspects related to the classes: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.collapsible&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.multicol&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.reflist&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.coordinates&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.topicon&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [[phab:T361659|Further details are available on replacement CSS]] if it is needed.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* When you visit a wiki where you don't yet have a local account, local rules such as edit filters can sometimes prevent your account from being created. Starting this week, MediaWiki takes your global rights into account when evaluating whether you can override such local rules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316303]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W22&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:15, 28 Silimin gɔli May 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26832205 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-23&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* It is now possible for local administrators to add new links to the bottom of the site Tools menu without JavaScript. [[mw:Manual:Interface/Sidebar#Add or remove toolbox sections|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6086]
* The message name for the definition of the tracking category of WikiHiero has changed from &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MediaWiki:Wikhiero-usage-tracking-category&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot; to &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MediaWiki:Wikihiero-usage-tracking-category&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot;. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/wikihiero/+/1035855]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q5317225|Kadazandusun]] ([[w:dtp:|&lt;code&gt;w:dtp:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365220]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* Next week, on wikis with the Vector 2022 skin as the default, logged-out desktop users will be able to choose between different font sizes. The default font size will also be increased for them. This is to make Wikimedia projects easier to read. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-06 deployments|Learn more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W23&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:35, 3 Silimin gɔli June 2024 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue V, May 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Summer of Wikivoyage Edit-a-thon in Kruja; Traditional Albanian food photography competition
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Open licensing guide from Midiateca Capixaba; Activities in Rio de Janeiro; First batch from LabDOC; New batch from NeuroMat; Hercule Florence photowalk
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: International discussion on the role of media and new GLAM partnership on the horizon
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Digitization concludes for Behar Herald and a digitization workshop held for libraries in Maharashtra
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Edit-a-thons
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Summer of Wikivoyage Edit-a-thon in Kruja &amp; Traditional Albanian food photography competition
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: WikiconNL 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Architecture Edit-a-thon, Wikidata Te Papa research expeditions project and 1Lib1Ref
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland in May
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: The Search for the Lost Manuscripts
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Our first Igbo language article
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Article campaigns for Ukrainian librarians, partnership with a national library
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: WikiPortraits &amp; Edit-a-thons
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group May monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/GLAM Wiki Meta pages revamp|GLAM Wiki Meta pages revamp]]: GLAM Wiki Meta pages kicking off the Working Group
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Introducing Alice Kibombo, a new dataset, and more
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 14:25, 9 Silimin gɔli June 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-24&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The software used to render SVG files has been updated to a new version, fixing many longstanding bugs in SVG rendering. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265549]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading HTML changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It was changed last week in some skins (Vector legacy and Minerva). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in Vector-2022. The developers are still considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used for citations by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] changed last week. In places where Parsoid previously added the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw-reference-text&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; class, Parsoid now also adds the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;reference-text&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; class for better compatibility with the legacy parser. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1036705]

'''Problems'''
* There was a bug with the Content Translation interface that caused the tools menus to appear in the wrong location. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366374]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The new version of MediaWiki includes another change to the HTML markup used for citations: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] will now generate a &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-cite-backlink&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; wrapper for both named and unnamed references for better compatibility with the legacy parser. Interface administrators should verify that gadgets that interact with citations are compatible with the new markup. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1035809] 
* On multilingual wikis that use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;translate&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; system, there is a feature that shows potentially-outdated translations with a pink background until they are updated or confirmed. From this week, confirming translations will be logged, and there is a new user-right that can be required for confirming translations if the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requests it]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T49177]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W24&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:20, 10 Silimin gɔli June 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26893898 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-25&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* People who attempt to add an external link in the visual editor will now receive immediate feedback if they attempt to link to a domain that a project has decided to block. Please see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#11_June_2024|Edit check]] for more details. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366751]
* The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CommunityConfiguration|Community Configuration extension]] is available [[testwiki:Special:CommunityConfiguration|on Test Wikipedia]]. This extension allows communities to customize specific features to meet their local needs. Currently only Growth features are configurable, but the extension will support other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration#Use_cases|Community Configuration use cases]] in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323811][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360954]
* The dark mode [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] is now available on category and help pages, as well as more special pages. There may be contrast issues. Please report bugs on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366370]

'''Problems'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Cloud Services tools were not available for 25 minutes last week. This was caused by a faulty hardware cable in the data center. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2024-06-11_WMCS_Ceph]
* Last week, styling updates were made to the Vector 2022 skin. This caused unforeseen issues with templates, hatnotes, and images. Changes to templates and hatnotes were reverted. Most issues with images were fixed. If you still see any, [[phab:T367463|report them here]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367480]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting June 18, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Edit Check]] will be deployed to [[phab:T361843|a new set of Wikipedias]]. This feature is intended to help newcomers and to assist edit-patrollers by inviting people who are adding new content to a Wikipedia article to add a citation when they do not do so themselves. During [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#Reference_Check_A/B_Test|a test at 11 wikis]], the number of citations added [https://diff.wikimedia.org/?p=127553 more than doubled] when Reference Check was shown to people. Reference Check is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|community configurable]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361843]&lt;!-- NOTE: THE DIFF BLOG WILL BE PUBLISHED ON MONDAY --&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mailing_lists|Mailing lists]] will be unavailable for roughly two hours on Tuesday 10:00–12:00 UTC. This is to enable migration to a new server and upgrade its software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367521]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W25&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:49, 17 Silimin gɔli June 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-26&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Editors will notice that there have been some changes to the background color of text in the diff view, and the color of the byte-change numbers, last week. These changes are intended to make text more readable in both light mode and dark mode, and are part of a larger effort to increase accessibility. You can share your comments or questions [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading|on the project talkpage]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361717]
* The text colors that are used for visited-links, hovered-links, and active-links, were also slightly changed last week to improve their accessibility in both light mode and dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366515]

'''Problems'''
* You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|copy permanent links to talk page comments]] by clicking on a comment's timestamp. [[mw:Talk pages project/Permalinks|This feature]] did not always work when the topic title was very long and the link was used as a wikitext link. This has been fixed. Thanks to Lofhi for submitting the bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356196]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting 26 June, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link at English Wikipedia, making this feature available for you to use at all wikis. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they were linked to, even if this comment has since been moved elsewhere. You can read more about this feature [[DiffBlog:/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/|on Diff]] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365974]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W26&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:32, 24 Silimin gɔli June 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-27&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W27&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Over the next three weeks, dark mode will become available for all users, both logged-in and logged-out, starting with the mobile web version. This fulfils one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2023/Reading/Dark_mode|top-requested community wishes]], and improves low-contrast reading and usage in low-light settings. As part of these changes, dark mode will also work on User-pages and Portals. There is more information in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Updates#June_2024:_Typography_and_dark_mode_deployments,_new_global_preferences|the latest Web team update]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366364]
* Logged-in users can now set [[m:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-skin-skin-prefs|global preferences for the text-size and dark-mode]], thanks to a combined effort across Foundation teams. This allows Wikimedians using multiple wikis to set up a consistent reading experience easily, for example by switching between light and dark mode only once for all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341278] 
* If you use a very old web browser some features might not work on the Wikimedia wikis. This affects Internet Explorer 11 and versions of Chrome, Firefox and Safari older than 2016. This change makes it possible to use new [[d:Q46441|CSS]] features and to send less code to all readers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288287][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:How_to_make_a_MediaWiki_skin#Using_CSS_variables_for_supporting_different_themes_e.g._dark_mode]
* Wikipedia Admins can customize local wiki configuration options easily using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]]. Community Configuration was created to allow communities to customize how some features work, because each language wiki has unique needs. At the moment, admins can configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] on their home wikis, in order to better recruit and retain new editors. More options will be provided in the coming months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366458]
* Editors interested in language issues that are related to [[w:en:Unicode|Unicode standards]], can now discuss those topics at [[mw:Talk:WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|a new conversation space in MediaWiki.org]]. The Wikimedia Foundation is now a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|member of the Unicode Consortium]], and the coordination group can collaboratively review the issues discussed and, where appropriate, bring them to the attention of the Unicode Consortium.
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[w:btm:|&lt;code&gt;w:btm:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368038] 

'''Problems'''
* Editors can once again click on links within the visual editor's citation-preview, thanks to a bug fix by the Editing Team. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368119]

'''Future changes'''
* Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 2 weeks. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W27&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:59, 1 Silimin gɔli July 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27038456 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-28&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W28&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* At the Wikimedia Foundation a new task force was formed to replace the disabled Graph with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project|more secure, easy to use, and extensible Chart]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Chart Project|subscribe to the newsletter]] to get notified about new project updates and other news about Chart.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension is now available on Meta-wiki, Igbo Wikipedia, and Swahili Wikipedia, and can be requested on your wiki. This extension helps in managing and making events more visible, giving Event organizers the ability to use tools like the Event registration tool. To learn more about the deployment status and how to request this extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status|CampaignEvents page on Meta-wiki]]. 
* Editors using the iOS Wikipedia app who have more than 50 edits can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits#Add an image|Add an Image]] feature. This feature presents opportunities for small but useful contributions to Wikipedia.
* Thank you to [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth/Celebration|all of the authors]] who have contributed to MediaWiki Core. As a result of these contributions, the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth|percentage of authors contributing more than 5 patches has increased by 25% since last year]], which helps ensure the sustainability of the platform for the Wikimedia projects.

'''Problems'''
* A problem with the color of the talkpage tabs always showing as blue, even for non-existent pages which should have been red, affecting the Vector 2022 skin, [[phab:T367982|has been fixed]]. 

'''Future changes'''
* The Trust and Safety Product team wants to introduce [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] with as little disruption to tools and workflows as possible. Volunteer developers, including gadget and user-script maintainers, are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle temporary accounts. The team has [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|created documentation]] explaining how to do the update. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]].

'''Tech News survey'''
* Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 1 more week. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W28&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:32, 8 Silimin gɔli July 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27080357 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': June 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue VI, June 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wiki Loves Living Heritage in Albania
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Partner Project between Wikimedia Australia, the Australian and New Zealand Society of Indexers (ANZSI) and the School of Information and Communication Studies at Charles Sturt University (CSU SICS)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Mato Grosso
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: GLAM digital with the August Bebel Institute - &quot;Wiki Loves Democracy Part III&quot; and new GLAM-on-Tour-Film released
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: 2024 Half-a-year in Review
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Open science conference and Wikimedians in Sicily
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Wiki Loves Earth in Albania &amp; Kosovo, 2024 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: WikiProject Te Papa Research Expeditions and WikiProject IBC 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Climate Changes Edit-a-thons by Wikimedia MKD
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland in June
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: News in GLAM Serbia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Using Wikipedia in interfaith education
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: GLAM CSI user stories feedback requested and US events
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group June monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Bridging Digital Art Practices with Institutional Archives: professional knowledge exchange on digital art archiving
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: 20th Century Press Archives – history in newspaper clippings, made accessible by ZBW and Wikimedia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: July's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 02:30, 12 Silimin gɔli July 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-29&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W29&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Tech News survey'''
* Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 3 more days. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia developers can now officially continue to use both [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]], due to a June 24 decision by the Wikimedia Foundation to support software development on both platforms. Gerrit and GitLab are both code repositories used by developers to write, review, and deploy the software code that supports the MediaWiki software that the wiki projects are built on, as well as the tools used by editors to create and improve content. This decision will safeguard the productivity of our developers and prevent problems in code review from affecting our users. More details are available in the [[mw:GitLab/Migration status|Migration status]] page.
* The Wikimedia Foundation seeks applicants for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). This group will bring technical contributors and Wikimedia Foundation together to co-define a more resilient, future-proof technological platform. Council members will evaluate and consult on the movement's product and technical activities, so that we develop multi-generational projects. We are looking for a range of technical contributors across the globe, from a variety of Wikimedia projects. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal#Joining the PTAC as a technical volunteer|Please apply here by August 10]].
* Editors with rollback user-rights who use the Wikipedia App for Android can use the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Anti Vandalism|Edit Patrol]] features. These features include a new feed of Recent Changes, related links such as Undo and Rollback, and the ability to create and save a personal library of user talk messages to use while patrolling. If your wiki wants to make these features available to users who do not have rollback rights but have reached a certain edit threshold, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android#Contact us|you can contact the team]]. You can [[diffblog:2024/07/10/ِaddressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/|read more about this project on Diff blog]].
* Editors who have access to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The_Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library]] can once again use non-open access content in SpringerLinks, after the Foundation [[phab:T368865|contacted]] them to restore access. You can read more about [[m:Tech/News/Recently_resolved_community_tasks|this and 21 other community-submitted tasks that were completed last week]]. 

'''Changes later this week'''
* This week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-07 deployments|dark mode will be available on a number of Wikipedias]], both desktop and mobile, for logged-in and logged-out users. Interface admins and user script maintainers are encouraged to check gadgets and user scripts in the dark mode, to find any hard-coded colors and fix them. There are some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations for dark mode compatibility]] to help.

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Next week, functionaries, volunteers maintaining tools, and software development teams are invited to test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on testwiki. Temporary accounts is a feature that will help improve privacy on the wikis. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348895]
* Editors who upload files cross-wiki, or teach other people how to do so, may wish to join a Wikimedia Commons discussion. The Commons community is discussing limiting who can upload files through the cross-wiki upload/Upload dialog feature to users auto-confirmed on Wikimedia Commons. This is due to the large amount of copyright violations uploaded this way. There is a short summary at [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Cross-wiki upload|Commons:Cross-wiki upload]] and [[c:Commons:Village pump/Proposals#Deactivate cross-wiki uploads for new users|discussion at Commons:Village Pump]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]].
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W29&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:31, 16 Silimin gɔli July 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-30&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W30&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature News'''
* Stewards can now [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks|globally block]] accounts. Before [[phab:T17294|the change]] only IP addresses and IP ranges could be blocked globally. Global account blocks are useful when the blocked user should not be logged out. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_locks|Global locks]] (a similar tool logging the user out of their account) are unaffected by this change. The new global account block feature is related to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project, which is a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors that are no longer made public.
* Later this week, Wikimedia site users will notice that the Interface of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as &quot;Pending Changes&quot;) is improved and consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Wikimedia's design system]]. The FlaggedRevs interface experience on mobile and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MinervaNeue|Minerva skin]] was inconsistent before it was fixed and ported to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]] by the WMF Growth team and some volunteers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156]
*  Wikimedia site users can now submit account vanishing requests via [[m:Special:GlobalVanishRequest|GlobalVanishRequest]]. This feature is used when a contributor wishes to stop editing forever. It helps you hide your past association and edit to protect your privacy. Once processed, the account will be locked and renamed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367329]
* Have you tried monitoring and addressing vandalism in Wikipedia using your phone? [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/10/%d9%90addressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/ A Diff blog post on Patrolling features in the Mobile App] highlights some of the new capabilities of the feature, including swiping through a feed of recent changes and a personal library of user talk messages for use when patrolling from your phone. 
* Wikimedia contributors and GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) organisations can now learn and measure the impact Wikimedia Commons is having towards creating quality encyclopedic content using the [https://doc.wikimedia.org/generated-data-platform/aqs/analytics-api/reference/commons.html Commons Impact Metrics] analytics dashboard. The dashboard offers organizations analytics on things like monthly edits in a category, the most viewed files, and which Wikimedia articles are using Commons images. As a result of these new data dumps, GLAM organisation can more reliably measure their return on investment for programs bringing content into the digital Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/]

'''Project Updates'''
*  Come share your ideas for improving the wikis on the newly reopened [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. The Community Wishlist is Wikimedia’s forum for volunteers to share ideas (called wishes) to improve how the wikis work. The new version of the wishlist is always open, works with both wikitext and Visual Editor, and allows wishes in any language.

'''Learn more'''
* Have you ever wondered how Wikimedia software works across over 300 languages? This is 253 languages more than the Google Chrome interface, and it's no accident. The Language and Product Localization Team at the Wikimedia Foundation supports your work by adapting all the tools and interfaces in the MediaWiki software so that contributors in our movement who translate pages and strings can translate them and have the sites in all languages. Read more about the team and their upcoming work on [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/building-towards-a-robust-multilingual-knowledge-ecosystem-for-the-wikimedia-movement/ Diff]. 
* How can Wikimedia build innovative and experimental products while maintaining such heavily used websites? A recent [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/ blog post] by WMF staff Johan Jönsson highlights the work of the [[m:Future Audiences#Objectives and Key Results|WMF Future Audience initiative]], where the goal is not to build polished products but test out new ideas, such as a [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiments: conversational/generative AI|ChatGPT plugin]] and [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiment:Add a Fact|Add a Fact]], to help take Wikimedia into the future. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]].
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W30&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:04, 23 Silimin gɔli July 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-31&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* Editors using the Visual Editor in languages that use non-Latin characters for numbers, such as Hindi, Manipuri and Eastern Arabic, may notice some changes in the formatting of reference numbers. This is a side effect of preparing a new sub-referencing feature, and will also allow fixing some general numbering issues in Visual Editor. If you notice any related problems on your wiki, please share details at the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|project talkpage]].

'''Bugs status'''
* Some logged-in editors were briefly unable to edit or load pages last week. [[phab:T370304|These errors]] were mainly due to the addition of new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|linter]] rules which led to caching problems. Fixes have been applied and investigations are continuing.
* Editors can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Information tool]] to get information about IP addresses. This tool is available as a Beta Feature in your preferences. The tool was not available for a few days last week, but is now working again. Thank you to Shizhao for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks#2024-07-25|28 other community-submitted tasks]] that were resolved last week.

'''Project updates'''
* There are new features and improvements to Phabricator from the Release Engineering and Collaboration Services teams, and some volunteers, including: the search systems, the new task creation system, the login systems, the translation setup which has resulted in support for more languages (thanks to Pppery), and fixes for many edge-case errors. You can [[phab:phame/post/view/316/iterative_improvements/|read details about these and other improvements in this summary]].
* There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|update on the Charts project]]. The team has decided which visualization library to use, which chart types to start focusing on, and where to store chart definitions.
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9056|Czech]] ([[voy:cs:|&lt;code&gt;voy:cs:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370905] 

'''Learn more'''
* There is a [[diffblog:2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/|new Wikimedia Foundation data center]] in São Paulo, Brazil which helps to reduce load times.
* There is new [[diffblog:2024/07/22/the-perplexing-process-of-uploading-images-to-wikipedia/|user research]] on problems with the process of uploading images.
* Commons Impact Metrics are [[diffblog:2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/|now available]] via data dumps and API.
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/July|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W31&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:11, 29 Silimin gɔli July 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-32&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Two new parser functions will be available this week: &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#dir|#dir]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#bcp47|#bcp47]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. These will reduce the need for &lt;code&gt;Template:Dir&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Template:BCP47&lt;/code&gt; on Commons and allow us to [[phab:T343131|drop 100 million rows]] from the &quot;what links here&quot; database. Editors at any wiki that use these templates, can help by replacing the templates with these new functions. The templates at Commons will be updated during the Hackathon at Wikimania. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359761][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366623]
* Communities can request the activation of the visual editor on entire namespaces where discussions sometimes happen (for instance ''Wikipedia:'' or ''Wikisource:'' namespaces) if they understand the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/FAQ#WPNS|known limitations]]. For discussions, users can already use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] in these namespaces.
* The tracking category &quot;Pages using Timeline&quot; has been renamed to &quot;Pages using the EasyTimeline extension&quot; [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3ATimeline-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 in TranslateWiki]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match.

'''Project updates'''
* Editors who help to organize WikiProjects and similar on-wiki collaborations, are invited to share ideas and examples of successful collaborations with the Campaigns and Programs teams. You can fill out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/WikiProjects|a brief survey]] or share your thoughts [[m:Talk:Campaigns/WikiProjects|on the talkpage]]. The teams are particularly looking for details about successful collaborations on non-English wikis.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The new parser is being rolled out on {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} wikis over the next few months. The {{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage}} and {{int:project-localized-name-hewikivoyage}} were [[phab:T365367|switched]] to Parsoid last week. For more information, see [[mw:Parsoid/Parser_Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]].

'''Learn more'''
* There will be more than 200 sessions at Wikimania this week. Here is a summary of some of the [[diffblog:2024/08/05/interested-in-product-and-tech-here-are-some-wikimania-sessions-you-dont-want-to-miss/|key sessions related to the product and technology area]].
* The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/07-02|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available.
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/July|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New design previews for Translatable pages; Updates about MinT for Wiki Readers; the release of Translation dumps; and more.
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/31|Growth newsletter]] is available.
* The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/July 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W32&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:43, 5 Silimin gɔli August 2024 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': July 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue VII, July 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: For what matters most for your community 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Mid-term digitization update
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Structuring Wiki Loves Monuments through a Wikidata portal
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: CCA Hosts Inaugural Wiki Edit-a-Thon 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: The flight over the &quot;Rosinenbomber&quot; - drone deployment for Free Knowledge; Kicking off a German-language community of practice for building cultural heritage linked open data with the wikimedia projects
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: GLAM partner ventures into 'Digitisation Plus' programs with Wikimedians
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Prompting what's most important - our community in Albania and Kosovo
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: WikiProject International Botanical Congress 2024, a presentation to the Natural History Museum, London &amp; Kew Gardens staff and a Research expeditions edit-a-thon 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Translations galore
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikicurious WikiNYC Civic Hall; San Diego 111; #5WomenArtists campaign
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group July monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: GLAM GLobal meetup &amp; GLAM Global Calls
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: August's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 02:58, 12 Silimin gɔli August 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-33&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] editors and maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Show a CAPTCHA|make a CAPTCHA show if a filter matches an edit]]. This allows communities to quickly respond to spamming by automated bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T20110]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards|Stewards]] can now specify if global blocks should prevent account creation. Before [[phab:T17273|this change]] by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product]] Team, all global blocks would prevent account creation. This will allow stewards to reduce the unintended side-effects of global blocks on IP addresses.

'''Project updates'''
* [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#August_2024_committee_nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new members to refresh the [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]]. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open until at least 2024-08-26.
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2880037|West Coast Bajau]] ([[w:bdr:|&lt;code&gt;w:bdr:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371757]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W33&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:22, 12 Silimin gɔli August 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-34&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* Editors who want to re-use references but with different details such as page numbers, will be able to do so by the end of 2024, using a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Sub-referencing in a nutshell|sub-referencing]] feature. You can read more [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|about the project]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|how to test the prototype]].
* Editors using tracking categories to identify which pages use specific extensions may notice that six of the categories have been renamed to make them more easily understood and consistent. These categories are automatically added to pages that use specialized MediaWiki extensions. The affected names are for: [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aintersection-category&amp;namespace=8 DynamicPageList], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Akartographer-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 Kartographer], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aphonos-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 Phonos], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Arss-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 RSS], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Ascore-use-category&amp;namespace=8 Score], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Awikihiero-usage-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 WikiHiero]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. Thanks to Pppery for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347324]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Technical volunteers who edit modules and want to get a list of the categories used on a page, can now do so using the &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;categories&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt; property of &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title objects]]&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. This enables wikis to configure workflows such as category-specific edit notices. Thanks to SD001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85372]

'''Bugs status'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Your help is needed to check if any pages need to be moved or deleted. A maintenance script was run to clean up unreachable pages (due to Unicode issues or introduction of new namespaces/namespace aliases). The script tried to find appropriate names for the pages (e.g. by following the Unicode changes or by moving pages whose titles on Wikipedia start with &lt;code&gt;Talk:WP:&lt;/code&gt; so that their titles start with &lt;code&gt;Wikipedia talk:&lt;/code&gt;), but it may have failed for some pages, and moved them to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/T195546/]]&lt;/bdi&gt; instead. Your community should check if any pages are listed there, and move them to the correct titles, or delete them if they are no longer needed. A full log (including pages for which appropriate names could be found) is available in [[phab:P67388]].
* Editors who volunteer as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|mentors]] to newcomers on their wiki are once again able to access lists of potential mentees who they can connect with to offer help and guidance. This functionality was restored thanks to [[phab:T372164|a bug fix]]. Thank you to Mbch331 for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and 18 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Project updates'''
* The application deadline for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product &amp; Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC) has been extended to September 16. Members will help by providing advice to Foundation Product and Technology leadership on short and long term plans, on complex strategic problems, and help to get feedback from more contributors and technical communities. Selected members should expect to spend roughly 5 hours per month for the Council, during the one year pilot. Please consider applying, and spread the word to volunteers you think would make a positive contribution to the committee.

'''Learn more'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award#2024 Winners|2024 Coolest Tool Awards]] were awarded at Wikimania, in seven categories. For example, one award went to the ISA Tool, used for adding structured data to files on Commons, which was recently improved during the [[m:Event:Wiki Mentor Africa ISA Hackathon 2024|Wiki Mentor Africa Hackathon]]. You can see video demonstrations of each tool at the awards page. Congratulations to this year's recipients, and thank you to all tool creators and maintainers.
* The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-01|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available, and includes some highlights from Wikimania, an upcoming Language community meeting, and other news from the movement.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W34&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:54, 20 Silimin gɔli August 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-35&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]].
* Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as &quot;Pending Changes&quot;) may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156]

'''Bugs status'''
* Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Project updates'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization.
* Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013.

'''Learn more'''
* If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]].
* To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out:
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project.
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W35&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:33, 26 Silimin gɔli August 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-36&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Editors and volunteer developers interested in data visualisation can now test the new software for charts. Its early version is available on beta Commons and beta Wikipedia. This is an important milestone before making charts available on regular wikis. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|read more about this project update]] and help to test the charts.

'''Feature news'''
* Editors who use the [[{{#special:Unusedtemplates}}]] page can now filter out pages which are expected to be there permanently, such as sandboxes, test-cases, and templates that are always substituted. Editors can add the new magic word [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE|&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;]] to a template page to hide it from the listing. Thanks to Sophivorus and DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184633]
* Editors who use the New Topic tool on discussion pages, will [[phab:T334163|now be reminded]] to add a section header, which should help reduce the quantity of newcomers who add sections without a header. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:28}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].
* Last week, some Toolforge tools had occasional connection problems. The cause is still being investigated, but the problems have been resolved for now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373243]
* Translation administrators at multilingual wikis, when editing multiple translation units, can now easily mark which changes require updates to the translation. This is possible with the [[phab:T298852#10087288|new dropdown menu]].

'''Project updates'''
* A new draft text of a policy discussing the use of Wikimedia's APIs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/API Policy Update 2024|has been published on Meta-Wiki]]. The draft text does not reflect a change in policy around the APIs; instead, it is an attempt to codify existing API rules. Comments, questions, and suggestions are welcome on [[m:Talk:API Policy Update 2024|the proposed update’s talk page]] until September 13 or until those discussions have concluded.

'''Learn more'''
* To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out:
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization.webm|Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization]] (25 mins) – about the above-mentioned Charts project.
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 3 - State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia.webm|State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia]] (90 mins) – about some of the language tools that support Wikimedia sites, such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content]]/[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Section Translation]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MinT|MinT]], and LanguageConverter; also the current state and future of languages onboarding. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368772]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W36&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:07, 3 Silimin gɔli September 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-37&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* Starting this week, the standard [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will receive new colors that make them compatible in dark mode. This is the first of many changes to come as part of a major upgrade to syntax highlighting. You can learn more about what's to come on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365311][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059]
* Editors of wikis using Wikidata will now be notified of only relevant Wikidata changes in their watchlist. This is because the Lua functions &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;entity:getSitelink()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will have their logic unified for tracking different aspects of sitelinks to reduce junk notifications from [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Projects/Watchlist Wikidata Sitelinks Tracking|inconsistent sitelinks tracking]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295356]

'''Project updates'''
*  Users of all Wikis will have access to Wikimedia sites as read-only for a few minutes on September 25, starting at 15:00 UTC. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962]
* Contributors of [[phab:T363538#10123348|11 Wikipedias]], including English will have a new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MOS&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; namespace added to their Wikipedias. This improvement ensures that links beginning with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MOS:&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; (usually shortcuts to the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]) are not broken by [[w:en:Mooré|Mooré]] Wikipedia (language code &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mos&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363538]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W37&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:53, 9 Silimin gɔli September 2024 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue VIII, August 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Vacancy Wikimedian in Residence for Wikipedia on Aruba - Aruba on Wikipedia project
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Technology and biodiversity: “Amazonian Knowledge on Wiki”
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Colombia in Wikimania Mood
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Cooperation between National Library and Wikimedia CR was presented at Wikimania 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Wikimedians-in-residence assigned to add lexicographical data of 5 endangered languages of West Bengal
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: 10 reasons why the National Library of the Netherlands moved its Wikimedia-related publications from SlideShare to Zenodo, and keeps them on Wikimedia Commons
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Looking for Aotearoa's next roving Wikipedian, a Wikidata Te Papa research expeditions publication &amp; the Wikidata WikiProject IBC follow-up workshop 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: An insight of Wkikimedia MKD's 2024 GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Indonesian Featured Article award
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikimania report and meetups
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group August monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Global GLAM Wiki Meetup - Future meetings and outcomes
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: AvoinGLAM at Wikimania
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Content Partnerships Hub at Wikimania; The Helpdesk; Metabase; UN collaboration day
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Commons Impact Metrics, WikiLibCon25, and WikiConference North America
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 10:47, 11 Silimin gɔli September 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-38&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W38&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Improvements and Maintenance'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Editors interested in templates can help by reading the latest Wishlist focus area, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template recall and discovery]], and share your feedback on the talkpage. This input helps the Community Tech team to decide the right technical approach to build. Everyone is also encouraged to continue adding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|new wishes]].
* The new automated [[{{#special:NamespaceInfo}}]] page helps editors understand which [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] exist on each wiki, and some details about how they are configured. Thanks to DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263513]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|References Check]] is a feature that encourages editors to add a citation when they add a new paragraph to a Wikipedia article. For a short time, the corresponding tag &quot;Edit Check (references) activated&quot; was erroneously being applied to some edits outside of the main namespace. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373692]
* It is now possible for a wiki community to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed on their wiki. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Now, wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool authors can now access ToolsDB's [[wikitech:Portal:Data Services#ToolsDB|public databases]] from both [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry|Quarry]] and [[wikitech:Superset|Superset]]. Those databases have always been accessible to every [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] user, but they are now more broadly accessible, as Quarry can be accessed by anyone with a Wikimedia account. In addition, Quarry's internal database can now be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry#Querying Quarry's own database|queried from Quarry itself]]. This database contains information about all queries that are being run and starred by users in Quarry. This information was already public through the web interface, but you can now query it using SQL. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:20}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].
* Any pages or tools that still use the very old CSS classes &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw-message-box&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; need to be updated. These old classes will be removed next week or soon afterwards. Editors can use a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-message-box&amp;regex=1&amp;namespaces=&amp;title= global-search] to determine what needs to be changed. It is possible to use the newer &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;cdx-message&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; group of classes as a replacement (see [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/components/demos/message.html#css-only-version the relevant Codex documentation], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Header&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=27449042 an example update]), but using locally defined onwiki classes would be best. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374499]

'''Technical project updates'''
* Next week, all Wikimedia wikis will be read-only for a few minutes. This will start on September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This maintenance process also targets other services.]] The previous switchover took 3 minutes, and the Site Reliability Engineering teams use many tools to make sure that this essential maintenance work happens as quickly as possible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962]

'''Tech in depth'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/August 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes details about: research about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks|hook]] handlers to help simplify development, research about performance improvements, work to improve the REST API for end-users, and more.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: 
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Auditorium Kyiv - Day 4 - Hackathon Showcase.webm|Hackathon Showcase]] (45 mins) - 19 short presentations by some of the Hackathon participants, describing some of the projects they worked on, such as automated testing of maintenance scripts, a video-cutting command line tool, and interface improvements for various tools. There are [[phab:T369234|more details and links available]] in the Phabricator task.
** [[c:File:Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem.webm|Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem]] (40 mins) - a roundtable discussion for tool-maintainers, users, and supporters of Toolforge about how to make the platform sustainable and how to evaluate the tools available there.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W38&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:03, 17 Silimin gɔli September 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-39&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W39&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. Reading the wikis will not be interrupted, but editing will be paused. These twice-yearly processes allow WMF's site reliability engineering teams to remain prepared to keep the wikis functioning even in the event of a major interruption to one of our data centers.

'''Updates for editors'''
[[File:Add alt text from a halfsheet, with the article behind.png|thumb|A screenshot of the interface for the Alt Text suggested-edit feature]]
* Editors who use the iOS Wikipedia app in Spanish, Portuguese, French, or Chinese, may see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|Alt Text suggested-edit experiment]] after editing an article, or completing a suggested edit using &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project#Hypothesis 2 Add an Image Suggested Edit|Add an image]]&quot;. Alt-text helps people with visual impairments to read Wikipedia articles. The team aims to learn if adding alt-text to images is a task that editors can be successful with. Please share any feedback on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|the discussion page]].
* The Codex color palette has been updated with new and revised colors for the MediaWiki user interfaces. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design System Team/Color/Design documentation#Updates|most noticeable changes]] for editors include updates for: dark mode colors for Links and for quiet Buttons (progressive and destructive), visited Link colors for both light and dark modes, and background colors for system-messages in both light and dark modes.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] It is now possible to include clickable wikilinks and external links inside code blocks. This includes links that are used within &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags and on code pages (JavaScript, CSS, Scribunto and Sanitized CSS). Uses of template syntax &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{…}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; are also linked to the template page. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166]
* Two bugs were fixed in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Account vanishing|GlobalVanishRequest]] system by improving the logging and by removing an incorrect placeholder message. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370595][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T372223]
* View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] From [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]]: 
** The API now enables 5,000 on-demand API requests per month and twice-monthly HTML snapshots freely (gratis and libre). More information on the updates and also improvements to the software development kits (SDK) are explained on [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ the project's blog post]. While Wikimedia Enterprise APIs are designed for high-volume commercial reusers, this change enables many more community use-cases to be built on the service too.
** The Snapshot API (html dumps) have added beta Structured Contents endpoints ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/ blog post on that]) as well as released two beta datasets (English and French Wikipedia) from that endpoint to Hugging Face for public use and feedback ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/hugging-face-dataset/ blog post on that]). These pre-parsed data sets enable new options for researchers, developers, and data scientists to use and study the content.

'''In depth'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) is used to get answers to questions using the Wikidata data set. As Wikidata grows, we had to make a major architectural change so that WDQS could remain performant. As part of the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split project]], we have new SPARQL endpoints available for serving the &quot;[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org scholarly]&quot; and &quot;[https://query-main.wikidata.org main]&quot; subgraphs of Wikidata. The [http://query.wikidata.org query.wikidata.org endpoint] will continue to serve the full Wikidata graph until March 2025. After this date, it will only serve the main graph. For more information, please see [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|the announcement on Wikidata]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W39&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:37, 23 Silimin gɔli September 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-40&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W40&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Readers of [[phab:T375401|42 more wikis]] can now use Dark Mode. If the option is not yet available for logged-out users of your wiki, this is likely because many templates do not yet display well in Dark Mode. Please use the [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ night-mode-checker tool] if you are interested in helping to reduce the number of issues. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations page]] provides guidance on this. Dark Mode is enabled on additional wikis once per month.
* Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor as their default can access features from the 2017 wikitext editor by adding &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;?veaction=editsource&lt;/code&gt; to the URL. If you would like to enable the 2017 wikitext editor as your default, it can be set in [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-newwikitext|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239796]
* For logged-out readers using the Vector 2022 skin, the &quot;donate&quot; link has been moved from a collapsible menu next to the content area into a more prominent top menu, next to &quot;Create an account&quot;. This restores the link to the level of prominence it had in the Vector 2010 skin. [[mw:Readers/2024 Reader and Donor Experiences#Donor Experiences (Key Result WE 3.2 and the related hypotheses)|Learn more]] about the changes related to donor experiences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373585]
* The CampaignEvents extension provides tools for organizers to more easily manage events, communicate with participants, and promote their events on the wikis. The extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|enabled]] on Arabic Wikipedia, Igbo Wikipedia, Swahili Wikipedia, and Meta-Wiki. [[w:zh:Wikipedia:互助客栈/其他#引進CampaignEvents擴充功能|Chinese Wikipedia has decided]] to enable the extension, and discussions on the extension are in progress [[w:es:Wikipedia:Votaciones/2024/Sobre la política de Organizadores de Eventos|on Spanish Wikipedia]] and [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Enabling the CampaignEvents Extention on Wikidata|on Wikidata]]. To learn how to enable the extension on your wiki, you can visit [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|the CampaignEvents page on Meta-Wiki]].
* View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Developers with an account on Wikitech-wiki should [[wikitech:Wikitech/SUL-migration|check if any action is required]] for their accounts. The wiki is being changed to use the single-user-login (SUL) system, and other configuration changes. This change will help reduce the overall complexity for the weekly software updates across all our wikis.

'''In depth'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|server switch]] was completed successfully last week with a read-only time of [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Past Switches|only 2 minutes 46 seconds]]. This periodic process makes sure that engineers can switch data centers and keep all of the wikis available for readers, even if there are major technical issues. It also gives engineers a chance to do maintenance and upgrades on systems that normally run 24 hours a day, and often helps to reveal weaknesses in the infrastructure. The process involves dozens of software services and hundreds of hardware servers, and requires multiple teams working together. Work over the past few years has reduced the time from 17 minutes down to 2–3 minutes. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/66ZW7B2MG63AESQVTXDIFQBDBS766JGW/]

'''Meetings and events'''
* October 4–6: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiIndaba conference 2024|WikiIndaba Conference's Hackathon]] in Johannesburg, South Africa
* November 4–6: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] in Vienna, Austria

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W40&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:20, 30 Silimin gɔli September 2024 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27530062 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-41&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W41&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Communities can now request installation of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator|Automoderator]] on their wiki. Automoderator is an automated anti-vandalism tool that reverts bad edits based on scores from the new &quot;Revert Risk&quot; machine learning model. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AutoModerator/Deploying|read details about the necessary steps]] for installation and configuration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336934]

'''Updates for editors'''
* Translators in wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|the mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now customize their articles suggestion list from 41 filtering options when using the tool. This topic-based article suggestion feature makes it easy for translators to self-discover relevant articles based on their area of interest and translate them. You can [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;active-list=suggestions try it with your mobile device]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368422]
* View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* It is now possible for &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; code blocks to offer readers a &quot;Copy&quot; button if the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;copy=1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight#copy|set on the tag]]. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40932]
* Customized copyright footer messages on all wikis will be updated. The new versions will use wikitext markup instead of requiring editing raw HTML. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375789]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this month, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] will be rolled out on several pilot wikis. The final list of the wikis will be published in the second half of the month. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on [[phab:T376499|these 11 wikis]], and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Rate limiting has been enabled for the code review tools [[Wikitech:Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[Wikitech:GitLab|GitLab]] to address ongoing issues caused by malicious traffic and scraping. Clients that open too many concurrent connections will be restricted for a few minutes. This rate limiting is managed through [[Wikitech:nftables|nftables]] firewall rules. For more details, see Wikitech's pages on [[Wikitech:Firewall#Throttling with nftables|Firewall]], [[Wikitech:GitLab/Abuse and rate limiting|GitLab limits]] and [[Wikitech:Gerrit/Operations#Throttling IPs|Gerrit operations]].
* Five new wikis have been created: 
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q49224|Komering]] ([[w:kge:|&lt;code&gt;w:kge:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374813]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36096|Mooré]] ([[m:mos:|&lt;code&gt;m:mos:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374641]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[wikt:mad:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:mad:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374968]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q2501174|Gorontalo]] ([[q:gor:|&lt;code&gt;q:gor:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375088]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikinews}} in [[d:Q56482|Shan]] ([[n:shn:|&lt;code&gt;n:shn:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375430]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W41&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:43, 7 Silimin gɔli October 2024 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': September 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue IX, September 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikimedian in Residence at Elbasan’s Ethnographic Museum in Albania
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: GLAM and communities
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Artbank's edit-a-thon for gender equity in Australian visual arts
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Project 'Belgian distilleries as Linked Open Data' completed
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Photowalks for Wiki Loves Monuments 2024 at five corners of Brazil
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/France report|France report]]: 4th edition of the Label Culture Libre
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Digitization at the Museum of Santal Culture, Federation Hall Society Library and Cultural Heritage and Literature in Meghalaya
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Report on the Wikidata WikiProject International Botanical 2024, Conference report for SPNHC-TDWG 2024 and the upcoming New Zealand species edit-a-thon
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Wiki Takes Rural Archaeology
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Wiki content in interfaith education
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Banned books and more
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group September monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Global GLAM calls from November: short survey, and register!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: October's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11:38, 10 Silimin gɔli October 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-42&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W42&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is starting to be removed. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|A first set of wikis]] are being contacted. These wikis are invited to stop using Flow, and to move all Flow boards to sub-pages, as archives. At these wikis, a script will move all Flow pages that aren't a sub-page to a sub-page automatically, starting on 22 October 2024. On 28 October 2024, all Flow boards at these wikis will be set in read-only mode. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370722]
* WMF's Search Platform team is working on making it easier for readers to perform text searches in their language. A [[phab:T332342|change last week]] on over 30 languages makes it easier to find words with accents and other diacritics. This applies to both full-text search and to types of advanced search such as the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;''hastemplate''&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;''incategory''&lt;/bdi&gt; keywords. More technical details (including a few other minor search upgrades) are available. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:TJones_%28WMF%29/Notes/Language_Analyzer_Harmonization_Notes#ASCII-folding/ICU-folding_%28T332342%29]
* View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|EditCheck]] was installed at Russian Wikipedia, and fixes were made for some missing user interface styles.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Editors who use the Toolforge tool [[toolforge:copyvios|Earwig's Copyright Violation Detector]] will now be required to log in with their Wikimedia account before running checks using the &quot;search engine&quot; option. This change is needed to help prevent external bots from misusing the system. Thanks to Chlod for these improvements. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:New_pages_patrol/Reviewers#Authentication_is_now_required_for_search_engine_checks_on_Earwig's_Copyvio_Tool]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] users can create tickets and add comments on existing tickets via Email again. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator/Help#Using email|Sending email to Phabricator]] has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356077]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Some HTML elements in the interface are now wrapped with a &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;bdi&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; element, to make our HTML output more aligned with Web standards. More changes like this will be coming in future weeks. This change might break some tools that rely on the previous HTML structure of the interface. Note that relying on the HTML structure of the interface is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Stable interface policy/Frontend#What is not stable?|not recommended]] and might break at any time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375975]

'''In depth'''
* The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/September 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes: updates on Wikimedia's authentication system, research to simplify feature development in the MediaWiki platform, updates on Parser Unification and MathML rollout, and more.
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/October|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition include: research about improving topic suggestions related to countries, improvements to PHPUnit tests, and more.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W42&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:21, 14 Silimin gɔli October 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-43&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W43&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Mobile Apps team has released an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh#Phase 1: Creating a user Profile Menu (T373714)|update]] to the iOS app's navigation, and it is now available in the latest App store version. The team added a new Profile menu that allows for easy access to editor features like Notifications and Watchlist from the Article view, and brings the &quot;Donate&quot; button into a more accessible place for users who are reading an article. This is the first phase of a larger planned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh|navigation refresh]] to help the iOS app transition from a primarily reader-focused app, to an app that fully supports reading and editing. The Wikimedia Foundation has added more editing features and support for on-wiki communication based on volunteer requests in recent years.
[[File:IOS App Navigation refresh first phase 05.png|thumb|iOS Wikipedia App's profile menu and contents]]

'''Updates for editors'''
* Wikipedia readers can now download a browser extension to experiment with some early ideas on potential features that recommend articles for further reading, automatically summarize articles, and improve search functionality. For more details and to stay updated, check out the Web team's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments|Content Discovery Experiments page]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Web team's projects|subscribe to their newsletter]].
* Later this month, logged-out editors of [[phab:T376499|these 12 wikis]] will start to have [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] created. The list may slightly change - some wikis may be removed but none will be added. Temporary account is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User account types|type of user account]]. It enhances the logged-out editors' privacy and makes it easier for community members to communicate with them. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on these 12 wikis, and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. Read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|deployment plan across all wikis]].
* View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[w:nr:Main Page|South Ndebele]], [[w:rsk:Главни бок|Pannonian Rusyn]], [[w:ann:Uwu|Obolo]], [[w:iba:Lambar Keterubah|Iban]] and [[w:tdd:ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥘᥣᥲ ᥖᥥᥰ|Tai Nüa]] Wikipedia languages were created last week. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36785][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35660][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36614][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33424][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36556]
* It is now possible to create functions on Wikifunctions using Wikidata lexemes, through the new [[f:Z6005|Wikidata lexeme type]] launched last week. When you go to one of these functions, the user interface provides a lexeme selector that helps you pick a lexeme from Wikidata that matches the word you type. After hitting run, your selected lexeme is retrieved from Wikidata, transformed into a Wikidata lexeme type, and passed into the selected function. Read more about this in [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17#Function of the Week: select representation from lexeme|the latest Wikifunctions newsletter]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Users of the Wikimedia sites can now format dates more easily in different languages with the new &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;{{[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef|#timef]]:…}}&lt;/code&gt; parser function. For example, &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#timef:now|date|en}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; will show as &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;{{#timef:now|date|en}}&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot;. Previously, &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#time:…}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; could be used to format dates, but this required knowledge of the order of the time and date components and their intervening punctuation. &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#timef&lt;/code&gt; (or &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#timefl&lt;/code&gt; for local time) provides access to the standard date formats that MediaWiki uses in its user interface. This may help to simplify some templates on multi-lingual wikis like Commons and Meta. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223772][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Commons and Meta users can now efficiently [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Localization|retrieve the user's language]] using &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{USERLANGUAGE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; instead of using &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{int:lang}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T4085]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Tech Advisory Council]] (PTAC) now has its pilot members with representation across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. They will work to address the [[Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Technology Council|Movement Strategy's Technology Council]] initiative of having a co-defined and more resilient technological platform. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy/Initiatives/Technology_Council]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/32|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: an upcoming Newcomer Homepage Community Updates module, new Community Configuration options, and details on new projects.
* The Wikimedia Foundation is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Security Team#CNA Partnership|now an official partner of the CVE program]], which is an international effort to catalog publicly disclosed cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This partnership will allow the Security Team to instantly publish [[w:en:Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures|common vulnerabilities and exposures]] (CVE) records that are affecting MediaWiki core, extensions, and skins, along with any other code the Foundation is a steward of.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]] is now [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates#October 16, 2024: Conversations Made Easier: Machine-Translated Wishes Are Here!|testing machine translations]] for Wishlist content. Volunteers can now read machine-translated versions of wishes and dive into discussions even before translators arrive to translate content.

'''Meetings and events'''
* 24 October - Wiki Education Speaker Series Webinar - [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/N4XTB4G55BUY3M3PNGUAKQWJ7A4UOPAK/ Open Source Tech: Building the Wiki Education Dashboard], featuring Wikimedia interns and a Web developer in the panel.
* 20–22 December 2024 - [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024|Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024]] in Odisha, India. A hackathon for community members, including developers, designers and content editors, to build technical solutions that improve contributors' experiences.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W43&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:52, 21 Silimin gɔli October 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-44&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W44&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Later in November, the Charts extension will be deployed to the test wikis in order to help identify and fix any issue. A security review is underway to then enable deployment to pilot wikis for broader testing. You can read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#October 2024: Working towards production deployment|the October project update]] and see the [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Charts latest documentation and examples on Beta Wikipedia].
* View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[w:en:PediaPress|Pediapress.com]], an external service that creates books from Wikipedia, can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Maps|Wikimedia Maps]] to include existing pre-rendered infobox map images in their printed books on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375761]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Wikis can use [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|the Guided Tour extension]] to help newcomers understand how to edit. The Guided Tours extension now works with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Dark mode|dark mode]]. Guided Tour maintainers can check their tours to see that nothing looks odd. They can also set &lt;code&gt;emitTransitionOnStep&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;true&lt;/code&gt; to fix an old bug. They can use the new flag &lt;code&gt;allowAutomaticBack&lt;/code&gt; to avoid back-buttons they don't want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73927#10241528]
*  Administrators in the Wikimedia projects who use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Nuke|Nuke Extension]] will notice that mass deletions done with this tool have the &quot;Nuke&quot; tag. This change will make reviewing and analyzing deletions performed with the tool easier. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366068]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W44&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:56, 28 Silimin gɔli October 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-45&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W45&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Stewards can now make [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks|global account blocks]] cause global [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblocks]]. This will assist stewards in preventing abuse from users who have been globally blocked. This includes preventing globally blocked temporary accounts from exiting their session or switching browsers to make subsequent edits for 24 hours. Previously, temporary accounts could exit their current session or switch browsers to continue editing. This is an anti-abuse tool improvement for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project. You can read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|progress on key features for temporary accounts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368949]
* Wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]] can now use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event list#October 29, 2024: Collaboration List launched|Collaboration List]] feature. This list provides a new, easy way for contributors to learn about WikiProjects on their wikis. Thanks to the Campaign team for this work that is part of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product %26 Technology OKRs#WE KRs|the 2024/25 annual plan]]. If you are interested in bringing the CampaignEvents extension to your wiki, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|follow these steps]] or you can reach out to User:Udehb-WMF for help.
* The text color for red links will be slightly changed later this week to improve their contrast in light mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370446]
* View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, on multilingual wikis, users [[phab:T216368|can now]] hide translations from the WhatLinksHere special page.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* XML [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Data dumps|data dumps]] have been temporarily paused whilst a bug is investigated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/BXWJDPO5QI2QMBCY7HO36ELDCRO6HRM4/]

'''In depth'''
* Temporary Accounts have been deployed to six wikis; thanks to the Trust and Safety Product team for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|this work]], you can read about [[phab:T340001|the deployment plans]]. Beginning next week, Temporary Accounts will also be enabled on [[phab:T378336|seven other projects]]. If you are active on these wikis and need help migrating your tools, please reach out to [[m:User:Udehb-WMF|User:Udehb-WMF]] for assistance.
*  The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/October|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available.  It includes: New languages supported in translatewiki or in MediaWiki; New keyboard input methods for some languages; details about recent and upcoming meetings, and more.

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] is happening in Vienna, Austria and online from 4 to 6 November 2024. The conference will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W45&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:50, 4 Silimin gɔli November 2024 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': October 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue X, October 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wiki Loves Monuments in Albania and Kosovo, 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Amazon holotypes: how the species were discovered
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: FIMS Graduate Library Wiki Club Lunch &amp; Learn
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: ¿Por qué y para qué usar Wikidata en Colombia? / Why and for what purpose should Wikidata be used in Colombia?
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Empowering Italian GLAMs
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Edit-a-thon at the City Museum of Mitrovica
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Latvia report|Latvia report]]: Wikidata Workshop 2024: National Library of Latvia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Highlights from the Third Wiki Loves Fashion Campaign in the Netherlands
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Auckland Museum Wikimedian in Residence, Te Maori edit-a-thons &amp; NZ Species edit-a-thons
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: WIKIMEDIA MKD's successful GLAM programme!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: General Archive of the Palace
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Memory of the World baseline
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: October meetups
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group October monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: European encounters
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Baseline report
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Wikidata's 12th birthday celebration
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: November's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
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To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
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&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 15:18, 10 Silimin gɔli November 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-46&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W46&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* On wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|Translate extension]] enabled, users will notice that the FuzzyBot will now automatically create translated versions of categories used on translated pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285463]
* View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the submitted task to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SecurePoll|SecurePoll extension]] for English Wikipedia's special [[w:en:Wikipedia:Administrator elections|administrator election]] was resolved on time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371454] 

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] In &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:MediaWiki_1.44/wmf.2|1.44.0-wmf-2]]&lt;/code&gt;, the logic of Wikibase function &lt;code&gt;getAllStatements&lt;/code&gt; changed to behave like &lt;code&gt;getBestStatements&lt;/code&gt;. Invoking the function now returns a copy of values which are immutable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270851]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. The API will be rerouting some page content endpoints from RESTbase to the newer [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST API]] endpoints. The [[phab:T374683|impacted endpoints]] include getting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content. These changes will be available on testwiki later this week, with other projects to follow. This change should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints should verify behavior on testwiki, and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]].

'''In depth'''
* Admins and users of the Wikimedia projects [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator_Tools/Automoderator#Usage|where Automoderator is enabled]] can now monitor and evaluate important metrics related to Automoderator's actions. [https://superset.wmcloud.org/superset/dashboard/unified-automoderator-activity-dashboard/ This Superset dashboard] calculates and aggregates metrics about Automoderator's behaviour on the projects in which it is deployed. Thanks to the Moderator Tools team for this Dashboard; you can visit [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator/Unified Activity Dashboard|the documentation page]] for more information about this work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369488]

'''Meetings and events'''
* 21 November 2024 ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] &amp; [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]) - [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Community call]] with Wikimedia Commons volunteers and stakeholders to help prioritize support efforts for 2025-2026 Fiscal Year. The theme of this call is how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons.
'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W46&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:07, 12 Silimin gɔli November 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-47&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W47&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Users of Wikimedia sites will now be warned when they create a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects|redirect]] to a page that doesn't exist. This will reduce the number of broken redirects to red links in our projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326057]
* View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|Pywikibot]], which automates work on MediaWiki sites, was upgraded to 9.5.0 on Toolforge. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378676]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* On wikis that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]], pages created or moved by users with the appropriate permissions are marked as flagged automatically. This feature has not been working recently, and changes fixing it should be deployed this week. Thanks to Daniel and Wargo for working on this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379218][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368380]

'''In depth'''
* There is a new [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection Diff post] about Temporary Accounts, available in more than 15 languages. Read it to learn about what Temporary Accounts are, their impact on different groups of users, and the plan to introduce the change on all wikis.

'''Meetings and events'''
* Technical volunteers can now register for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/hackathon2025/ Application for travel and accommodation scholarships] is open from '''November 12 to December 10 2024'''. The registration for the event will close in mid-April 2025. The Wikimedia Hackathon is an annual gathering that unites the global technical community to collaborate on existing projects and explore new ideas.
* Join the [[C:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF%20support%20for%20Commons/Commons%20community%20calls|Wikimedia Commons community calls]] this week to help prioritize support for Commons which will be planned for 2025–2026. The theme will be how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. This is an opportunity for volunteers who work on different things to come together and talk about what matters for the future of the project. The calls will take place '''November 21, 2024, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]'''.
* A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place '''November 29, 16:00 UTC''' to discuss updates and technical problem-solving.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W47&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:01, 19 Silimin gɔli November 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-48&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W48&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new version of the standard wikitext editor-mode [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will be available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] later this week. This brings many new features and bug fixes, including right-to-left support, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Template folding|template folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and an improved search panel. You can learn more on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]].
* The 2010 wikitext editor now supports common keyboard shortcuts such &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ctrl&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;B&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for bold and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ctrl&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;I&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for italics. A full [[mw:Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|list of all six shortcuts]] is available. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62928]
* Starting November 28, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: &lt;bdi&gt;bswiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;elwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;euwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;fawiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;fiwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwikiquote&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwikisource&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwikiversity&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwikivoyage&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;idwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;lvwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;plwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;ptwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;urwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;viwikisource&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;zhwikisource&lt;/bdi&gt;. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. 
* View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a user creating a new AbuseFilter can now only set the filter to &quot;protected&quot; [[phab:T377765|if it includes a protected variable]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]], which can be used in JavaScript, CSS, JSON, and Lua pages, [[phab:T377663|now offers]] live autocompletion. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. The feature can be temporarily disabled on a page by pressing &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ctrl&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;,&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and un-selecting &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Live Autocompletion&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot;.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool-maintainers who use the Graphite system for tracking metrics, need to migrate to the newer Prometheus system. They can check [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/K6DEOo5Ik/grafana-graphite-datasource-utilization?orgId=1 this dashboard] and the list in the Description of the [[phab:T350592|task T350592]] to see if their tools are listed, and they should claim metrics and dashboards connected to their tools. They can then disable or migrate all existing metrics by following the instructions in the task. The Graphite service will become read-only in April. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/KLUV4IOLRYXPQFWD6WKKJUHMWE77BMSZ/]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/NewPP parser report|New PreProcessor parser performance report]] has been fixed to give an accurate count for the number of Wikibase entities accessed. It had previously been resetting after 400 entities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279069]

'''Meetings and events'''
* A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place November 29 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000 16:00 UTC]. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Mooré Wikipedia, the language support track at [[m:Wiki Indaba|Wiki Indaba]], and a report from the Wayuunaiki community on their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community over the last 3 years. This meeting will be in English and will also have Spanish interpretation.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W48&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:42, 25 Silimin gɔli November 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-49&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W49&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Two new parser functions were added this week. The &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interwikilink|#interwikilink]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interwiki links|interwiki link]] and the &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interlanguagelink|#interlanguagelink]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interlanguage links|interlanguage link]]. These parser functions are useful on wikis where namespaces conflict with interwiki prefixes. For example, links beginning with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MOS:&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; on English Wikipedia [[phab:T363538|conflict with the &lt;code&gt;mos&lt;/code&gt; language code prefix of Mooré Wikipedia]].
* Starting this week, Wikimedia wikis no longer support connections using old RSA-based HTTPS certificates, specifically rsa-2048. This change is to improve security for all users. Some older, unsupported browser or smartphone devices will be unable to connect; Instead, they will display a connectivity error. See the [[wikitech:HTTPS/Browser_Recommendations|HTTPS Browser Recommendations page]] for more-detailed information. All modern operating systems and browsers are always able to reach Wikimedia projects. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CTYEHVNSXUD3NFAAMG3BLZVTVQWJXJAH/]
* Starting December 16, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: &lt;bdi&gt;arwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;cawiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;mediawikiwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;orwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;wawiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;wawiktionary&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;wikidatawiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;zhwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380910]
* This month the Chart extension was deployed to production and is now available on Commons and Testwiki. With the security review complete, pilot wiki deployment is expected to start in the first week of December. You can see a working version [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details.
* View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug with the &quot;Download as PDF&quot; system was fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376438]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* In late February, temporary accounts will be rolled out on at least 10 large wikis. This deployment will have a significant effect on the community-maintained code. This is about Toolforge tools, bots, gadgets, and user scripts that use IP address data or that are available for logged-out users. The Trust and Safety Product team wants to identify this code, monitor it, and assist in updating it ahead of the deployment to minimize disruption to workflows. The team asks technical editors and volunteer developers to help identify such tools by adding them to [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/Impacted tools|this list]]. In addition, review the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|updated documentation]] to learn how to adjust the tools. Join the discussions on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|project talk page]] or in the [[discord:channels/221049808784326656/1227616742340034722|dedicated thread]] on the [[w:Wikipedia:Discord|Wikimedia Community Discord server (in English)]] for support and to share feedback. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W49&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:23, 2 Silimin gɔli December 2024 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-50&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W50&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Technical documentation contributors can find updated resources, and new ways to connect with each other and the Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team, at the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Documentation|Documentation hub]] on MediaWiki.org. This page links to: resources for writing and improving documentation, a new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#wikimedia-techdocs&lt;/bdi&gt; IRC channel on libera.chat, a listing of past and upcoming documentation events, and ways to request a documentation consultation or review. If you have any feedback or ideas for improvements to the documentation ecosystem, please [[mw:Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team#Contact us|contact the Technical Documentation Team]].

'''Updates for editors'''
[[File:Edit Check on Desktop.png|thumb|Layout change for the Edit Check feature]]
* Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] will be relocated to a sidebar on desktop. Edit check is the feature for new editors to help them follow policies and guidelines. This layout change creates space to present people with [[mw:Edit check#1 November 2024|new Checks]] that appear ''while'' they are typing. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#Reference Check A/B Test|initial results]] show newcomers encountering Edit Check are 2.2 times more likely to publish a new content edit that includes a reference and is not reverted.
* The Chart extension, which enables editors to create data visualizations, was successfully made available on MediaWiki.org and three pilot wikis (Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedias). You can see a working examples [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details.
* Translators in wikis where the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now discover articles in Wikiproject campaigns of their interest from the &quot;[https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;campaign=specialcx&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=collections&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=es&amp;to=en All collection]&quot; category in the articles suggestion feature. Wikiproject Campaign organizers can use this feature, to help translators to discover articles of interest, by adding the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;page-collection&gt; &lt;/page-collection&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tag to their campaign article list page on Meta-wiki. This will make those articles discoverable in the Content Translation tool. For more detailed information on how to use the tool and tag, please refer to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based &amp; Community-defined lists/How to use the features|the step-by-step guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378958]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, now has a [[phab:T376379#10310998|multiselect filter for namespace selection]]. This enables users to select multiple specific namespaces, instead of only one or all, when fetching pages for deletion.
* The Nuke feature also now [[phab:T364225#10371365|provides links]] to the userpage of the user whose pages were deleted, and to the pages which were not selected for deletion, after page deletions are queued. This enables easier follow-up admin-actions. Thanks to Chlod and the Moderator Tools team for both of these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364225#10371365]
* The Editing Team is working on making it easier to populate citations from archive.org using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|Citoid]] tool, the auto-filled citation generator. They are asking communities to add two parameters preemptively, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;archiveUrl&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;archiveDate&lt;/code&gt;, within the TemplateData for each citation template using Citoid. You can see an [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACite_web%2Fdoc&amp;diff=1261320172&amp;oldid=1260788022 example of a change in a template], and a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?namespaces=10&amp;q=%5C%22citoid%5C%22%3A%20%5C%7B&amp;regex=1&amp;title= list of all relevant templates]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374831]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9240|Indonesian]] ([[voy:id:|&lt;code&gt;voy:id:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380726]
* Last week, all wikis had problems serving pages to logged-in users and some logged-out users for 30–45 minutes. This was caused by a database problem, and investigation is ongoing. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/3g2ckc7bp6l9]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add Link]] feature has been fixed. Previously, the list of sections which are excluded from Add Link was partially ignored in certain cases. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380455][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380329]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, now has an early-stage [[git:design/codex-php|implementation in PHP]]. It is available for general use in MediaWiki extensions and Toolforge apps through [https://packagist.org/packages/wikimedia/codex Composer], with use in MediaWiki core coming soon. More information is available in [[wmdoc:design-codex-php/main/index.html|the documentation]]. Thanks to Doğu for the inspiration and many contributions to the library. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379662]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. On December 4, the MediaWiki Interfaces team began rerouting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content endpoints on [[testwiki:|testwiki]] from RESTbase to comparable MediaWiki REST API endpoints. The team encourages active users of these endpoints to verify their tool's behavior on testwiki and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]] before the end of the year, as they intend to roll out the same change across all Wikimedia projects in early January. These changes are part of the work to replace the outdated [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|RESTBase]] system.
* The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/986172 2024 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 3 January 2025, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:Developer Satisfaction Survey 2024 Privacy Statement|privacy statement]].
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The next meeting in the series of [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation discussions with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12 December 2024 08:00 UTC|December 12 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12_December 2024 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is new media and new contributors. Contributors from all wikis are welcome to attend.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W50&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:16, 9 Silimin gɔli December 2024 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': November 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue XI, November 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Minigrant and Photowalk Projects in Albania 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Winners of WLM 2024 Brazil
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: WikiConvention francophone 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: deGrowth in N0vember
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Visual memory presented with collections of East Bohemia Museum in Hradec Kralove
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Digitization starts at Rammohun Library and Free Reading Room
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Wrap up the nine projects funded by 2024 GLAM call and Italian Wikidata Days
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: NZ Species Editathon, OEGlobal 2024 and Auckland Museum's Summer Students
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Summary of Wikidata Days 2024: Librarians don’t need hammers, they need Wikidata
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/UAE report|UAE report]]: Highlighting the Impact of Wiki Loves Monuments 2024 in UAE
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Wikimedia UAE and Librarians report|Wikimedia UAE and Librarians report]]: Empowering Knowledge: Librarians and Wikimedia at DILC 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Middle-Eastern history and interfaith education
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: November meetings
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group November monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Winter Festival
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Wikidata and Wikipedia improvements
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: December's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 21:45, 10 Silimin gɔli December 2024 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-51&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W51&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Interested in improving event management on your home wiki? The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] offers organizers features like event registration management, event/wikiproject promotion, finding potential participants, and more - all directly on-wiki. If you are an organizer or think your community would benefit from this extension, start a discussion to enable it on your wiki today. To learn more about how to enable this extension on your wiki, visit the [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|deployment status page]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in Italy and Mexico on the Italian, Spanish, and English Wikipedias, can see a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review|personalized Year in Review]] with insights based on their reading and editing history.
* Users of the Android Wikipedia App in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia can see the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Rabbit Holes|Rabbit Holes]] feature. This feature shows a suggested search term in the Search bar based on the current article being viewed, and a suggested reading list generated from the user’s last two visited articles.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|global reminder bot]] is now active and running on nearly 800 wikis. This service reminds most users holding temporary rights when they are about to expire, so that they can renew should they want to. See [[m:Global reminder bot/Technical details|the technical details page]] for more information.
* The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 13 January 2025 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was [[phab:T374988|fixed]] in the Android Wikipedia App which had caused translatable SVG images to show the wrong language when they were tapped.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version next week. The next deployments will start on 14 January. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar/2025] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W51&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:25, 16 Silimin gɔli December 2024 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2024 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue XII, December 2024&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: The Patrolling Edit-a-thon in Albania and Kosovo, 2024 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Last activities of 2024
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Catrapilha in action: Uploading the Porto Alegre image feed
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Living GLAM project on Santali culture continues in West Bengal
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: From SlideShare to Zenodo &amp; How Dutch Wikipedia uses the Digital Library for Dutch Literature
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Wikdata module, Auckland Museum student progress, and the Wikipedian at Large
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Digitization of Heritage Archives in Nigeria
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Conference for GLAM employees in Skopje
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Wikimedia Portugal and Wiki Editoras Lx Collaborate on a Wiki GLAM, Culture, and Heritage Conference for 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: 2024 in review
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: December meetings
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Public Domain Day report|Public Domain Day report]]: Public Domain Day 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group December monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Ways forward
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 13:00, 11 Silimin gɔli January 2025 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-03&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Single User Login system is being updated over the next few months. This is the system which allows users to fill out the login form on one Wikimedia site and get logged in on all others at the same time. It needs to be updated because of the ways that browsers are increasingly restricting cross-domain cookies. To accommodate these restrictions, login and account creation pages will move to a central domain, but it will still appear to the user as if they are on the originating wiki. The updated code will be enabled this week for users on test wikis. This change is planned to roll out to all users during February and March. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and a timeline.

'''Updates for editors'''
* On wikis with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments|PageAssessments]] installed, you can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments#Search|filter search results]] to pages in a given WikiProject by using the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;inproject:&lt;/code&gt; keyword. (These wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] 
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34129|Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|&lt;code&gt;w:tig:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with updating a user's edit-count after making a rollback edit, which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia REST API users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. Starting the week of January 13, we will begin rerouting [[phab:T374683|some page content endpoints]] from RESTbase to the newer MediaWiki REST API endpoints for all wiki projects. This change was previously available on testwiki and should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints may raise issues directly to the [[phab:project/view/6931/|MediaWiki Interfaces Team]] in Phabricator if they arise.
* Toolforge tool maintainers can now share their feedback on Toolforge UI, an initiative to provide a web platform that allows creating and managing Toolforge tools through a graphic interface, in addition to existing command-line workflows. This project aims to streamline active maintainers’ tasks, as well as make registration and deployment processes more accessible for new tool creators. The initiative is still at a very early stage, and the Cloud Services team is in the process of collecting feedback from the Toolforge community to help shape the solution to their needs. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Read more and share your thoughts about Toolforge UI]]. 
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] For tool and library developers who use the OAuth system: The identity endpoint used for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] returned a JSON object with an integer in its &lt;code&gt;sub&lt;/code&gt; field, which was incorrect (the field must always be a string). This has been fixed; the fix will be deployed to Wikimedia wikis on the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139]
* Many wikis currently use [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] to render custom footnote markers in Parsoid output. Starting January 20 these rules will be disabled, but the developers ask you to ''not'' clean up your &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]&lt;/bdi&gt; until February 20 to avoid issues during the migration. Your wikis might experience some small changes to footnote markers in Visual Editor and when using experimental Parsoid read mode, but if there are changes these are expected to bring the rendering in line with the legacy parser output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The next meeting in the series of [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation Community Conversations with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|January 15 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is defining the priorities in tool investment for Commons. Contributors from all wikis, especially users who are maintaining tools for Commons, are welcome to attend.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W03&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:42, 14 Silimin gɔli January 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-04&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Administrators can mass-delete multiple pages created by a user or IP address using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. It previously only allowed deletion of pages created in the last 30 days. It can now delete pages from the last 90 days, provided it is targeting a specific user or IP address. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846]
* On [[phab:P72148|wikis that use]] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]] feature, when the rollback feature is used to revert an unpatrolled page revision, that revision will now be marked as &quot;manually patrolled&quot; instead of &quot;autopatrolled&quot;, which is more accurate. Some editors that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|filters]] on Recent Changes may need to update their filter settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Visual Editor's &quot;Insert link&quot; feature did not always suggest existing pages properly when an editor started typing, which has now been [[phab:T383497|fixed]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is being progressively removed from the wikis. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|The last group of wikis]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/en}}) will soon be contacted. If you have questions about this process, please ping [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] at your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912]
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: updates about services from the Data Platform Engineering teams, information about Codex from the Design System team, and more.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W04&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:37, 21 Silimin gɔli January 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-05&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Patrollers and admins - what information or context about edits or users could help you to make patroller or admin decisions more quickly or easily? The Wikimedia Foundation wants to hear from you to help guide its upcoming annual plan. Please consider sharing your thoughts on this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|13 other questions]] to shape the technical direction for next year.

'''Updates for editors'''
* iOS Wikipedia App users worldwide can now access a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|personalized Year in Review]] feature, which provides insights based on their reading and editing history on Wikipedia. This project is part of a broader effort to help welcome new readers as they discover and interact with encyclopedic content.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Edit patrollers now have a new feature available that can highlight potentially problematic new pages. When a page is created with the same title as a page which was previously deleted, a tag ('Recreated') will now be added, which users can filter for in [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] and [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145]
* Later this week, there will be a new warning for editors if they attempt to create a redirect that links to another redirect (a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|double redirect]]). The feature will recommend that they link directly to the second redirect's target page. Thanks to the user SomeRandomDeveloper for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia wikis allow [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]]-based second factor checks (such as hardware tokens) during login, but the feature is [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|fragile]] and has very few users. The MediaWiki Platform team is temporarily disabling adding new WebAuthn keys, to avoid interfering with the rollout of [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (single user login version 3). Existing keys are unaffected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''

* For developers that use the [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|MediaWiki History dumps]]: The Data Platform Engineering team has added a couple of new fields to these dumps, to support the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] initiative. If you maintain software that reads those dumps, please review your code and the updated documentation, since the order of the fields in the row will change. There will also be one field rename: in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mediawiki_user_history&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; dump, the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;anonymous&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; field will be renamed to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;is_anonymous&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. The changes will take effect with the next release of the dumps in February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W05&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:15, 27 Silimin gɔli January 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-06&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Editors who use the &quot;Special characters&quot; editing-toolbar menu can now see the 32 special characters you have used most recently, across editing sessions on that wiki. This change should help make it easier to find the characters you use most often. The feature is in both the 2010 wikitext editor and VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722]
* Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor can now create sublists with correct indentation by selecting the line(s) you want to indent and then clicking the toolbar buttons.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] You can now also insert &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags using a new toolbar button.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Thanks to user stjn for these improvements.
* Help is needed to ensure the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]] works properly on each wiki.
** (1) Administrators should update the local versions of the page &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json&lt;/code&gt; to include entries for &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;preprint&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;standard&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;dataset&lt;/code&gt;; Here are example diffs to replicate [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&amp;diff=1189164774&amp;oldid=1165783565 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&amp;diff=1270832208&amp;oldid=1270828390 for 'standard' and 'dataset'].
** (2.1) If the citoid map in the citation template used for these types of references is missing, [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki#Step 2.a: Create a 'citoid' maps value for each citation template|one will need to be added]]. (2.2) If the citoid map does exist, the TemplateData will need to be updated to include new field names. Here are example updates [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&amp;diff=1270829051&amp;oldid=1262470053 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&amp;diff=1270831369&amp;oldid=1270829480 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. The new fields that may need to be supported are &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;archiveID&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;identifier&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;repository&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;organization&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;repositoryLocation&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;committee&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;versionNumber&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q15637215|Central Kanuri]] ([[w:knc:|&lt;code&gt;w:knc:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|OCR (optical character recognition) tool]] used for Wikisource now supports a new language, Church Slavonic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W06&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:09, 4 Silimin gɔli February 2025 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2025 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue I, January 2025&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Africa report|Africa report]]: Guinea-Bissau Heritage from Commons to the World
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikimedian in Residence at the Qemal Baholli Public Library in Elbasan (October - December 2024)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Wikipedia on Aruba project has officially begun!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Maranhão
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Exploring Wikidata &amp; Building Community for Cultural Heritage Professionals
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Celebrating Public Domain Day 2025 in Indonesia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: New Wikimedia Italia Grant for GLAMs
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: 3 Million Dutch Cultural Heritage Images in Commons &amp; 400,000 RCE images now in higher resolution &amp; Usage of DBNL in Dutch Wikipedia articles
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Student led Edit-a-thon
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki 2024 in Poland: Achievements, Collaborations, and Impact
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Wikimedia Serbia: Advancing GLAM collaborations and digital heritage
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Cairo Geniza
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikipedia Day
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group January monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Join the Global GLAM Call – Tuesday, February 11th, 13:30 UTC!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: To the front page!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Wikidata at WikiLibCon 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 23:23, 9 Silimin gɔli February 2025 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-07&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''

* The Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC) has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|a draft of their recommendations]] for the Wikimedia Foundation's Product and Technology department. They have recommended focusing on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|mobile experiences]], particularly contributions. They request community [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|feedback at the talk page]] by 21 February.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The &quot;Special pages&quot; portlet link will be moved from the &quot;Toolbox&quot; into the &quot;Navigation&quot; section of the main menu's sidebar by default. This change is because the Toolbox is intended for tools relating to the current page, not tools relating to the site, so the link will be more logically and consistently located. To modify this behavior and update CSS styling, administrators can follow the instructions at [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211]
* As part of this year's work around improving the ways readers discover content on the wikis, the Web team will be running an experiment with a small number of readers that displays some suggestions for related or interesting articles within the search bar. Please check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|the project page]] for more information.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template editors who use TemplateStyles can now customize output for users with specific accessibility needs by using accessibility related media queries (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]&lt;/code&gt;). Thanks to user Bawolff for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the global blocks log will now be shown directly on the {{#special:CentralAuth}} page, similarly to global locks, to simplify the workflows for stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Wikidata [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|now supports a special language as a &quot;default for all languages&quot;]] for labels and aliases. This is to avoid excessive duplication of the same information across many languages. If your Wikidata queries use labels, you may need to update them as some existing labels are getting removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511]
* The function &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;getDescription&lt;/code&gt; was invoked on every Wiki page read and accounts for ~2.5% of a page's total load time. The calculated value will now be cached, reducing load on Wikimedia servers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660]
* As part of the RESTBase deprecation [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|effort]], the &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;/page/related&lt;/code&gt; endpoint has been blocked as of February 6, 2025, and will be removed soon. This timeline was chosen to align with the deprecation schedules for older Android and iOS versions. The stable alternative is the &quot;&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;morelike&lt;/code&gt;&quot; action API in MediaWiki, and [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|a migration example]] is available. The MediaWiki Interfaces team [[phab:T376297|can be contacted]] for any questions. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/]

'''In depth'''

* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: Updates about the &quot;Contribute&quot; menu; details on some of the newest language editions of Wikipedia; details on new languages supported by the MediaWiki interface; updates on the Community-defined lists feature; and more. 
* The latest [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on the progress towards bringing better visibility into global charts usage and support for categorizing pages in the Data namespace on Commons.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W07&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:12, 11 Silimin gɔli February 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-08&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Communities using growth tools can now showcase one event on the &lt;code&gt;{{#special:Homepage}}&lt;/code&gt; for newcomers. This feature will help newcomers to be informed about editing activities they can participate in. Administrators can create a new event to showcase at &lt;code&gt;{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}&lt;/code&gt;. To learn more about this feature, please read [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|the Diff post]], have a look [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|at the documentation]], or contact [[mw:Talk:Growth|the Growth team]].

'''Updates for editors'''
[[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Highlighted talk pages improvements]]
* Starting next week, talk pages at these wikis – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}} – will get [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|a new design]]. This change was extensively tested as a Beta feature and is the last step of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|talk pages improvements]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102]
* You can now navigate to view a redirect page directly from its action pages, such as the history page. Previously, you were forced to first go to the redirect target. This change should help editors who work with redirects a lot. Thanks to user stjn for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324]
* When a Cite reference is reused many times, wikis currently show either numbers like &quot;1.23&quot; or localized alphabetic markers like &quot;a b c&quot; in the reference list. Previously, if there were so many reuses that the alphabetic markers were all used, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|an error message]] was displayed.  As part of the work to [[phab:T383036|modernize Cite customization]], these errors will no longer be shown and instead the backlinks will fall back to showing numeric markers like &quot;1.23&quot; once the alphabetic markers are all used.
* The log entries for each change to an editor's user-groups are now clearer by specifying exactly what has changed, instead of the plain before and after listings. Translators can [[phab:T369466|help to update the localized versions]]. Thanks to user Msz2001 for these improvements.
* A new filter has been added to the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool, which allows administrators to mass delete pages, to enable users to filter for pages in a range of page sizes (in bytes). This allows, for example, deleting pages only of a certain size or below. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488]
* Non-administrators can now check which pages are able to be deleted using the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool. Thanks to user MolecularPilot for this and the previous improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed in the configuration for the AV1 video file format, which enables these files to play again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to most Wiktionaries over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyage to Parsoid Read Views last year. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640]
* Developers of tools that run on-wiki should note that &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.Uri&lt;/code&gt; is deprecated. Tools requiring &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.Uri&lt;/code&gt; must explicitly declare &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mediawiki.Uri&lt;/code&gt; as a ResourceLoader dependency, and should migrate to the browser native &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;URL&lt;/code&gt; API soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W08&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:17, 17 Silimin gɔli February 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-09&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Administrators can now customize how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|Babel feature]] creates categories using [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. They can rename language categories, choose whether they should be auto-created, and adjust other settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348]
* The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]&lt;/bdi&gt; portal has been updated – and is receiving some ongoing improvements – to modernize and improve the accessibility of our portal pages. It now has better support for mobile layouts, updated wording and links, and better language support. Additionally, all of the Wikimedia project portals, such as &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]&lt;/bdi&gt;, now support dark mode when a reader is using that system setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33965|Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:sat:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that prevented clicking on search results in the web-interface for some Firefox for Android phone configurations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The next Language Community Meeting is happening soon, February 28th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: highlights and technical updates on keyboard and tools for the Sámi languages, Translatewiki.net contributions from the Bahasa Lampung community in Indonesia, and technical Q&amp;A. If you'd like to join, simply [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|sign up on the wiki page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W09&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:41, 25 Silimin gɔli February 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-10&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* All logged-in editors using the mobile view can now edit a full page. The &quot;{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}&quot; link is accessible from the &quot;{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}&quot; menu in the toolbar. This was previously only available to editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|Advanced mobile contributions]] setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180]
* Interface administrators can now help to remove the deprecated Cite CSS code matching &quot;&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;mw-ref&lt;/code&gt;&quot; from their local &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. The list of wikis in need of cleanup, and the code to remove, [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&amp;regex=1&amp;namespaces=8&amp;title=.*css can be found with this global search] and in [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&amp;oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 this example], and you can learn more about how to help on the [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|CSS migration project page]]. The Cite footnote markers (&quot;&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/code&gt;&quot;) are now rendered by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]], and the deprecated CSS is no longer needed. The CSS for backlinks (&quot;&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;mw:referencedBy&lt;/code&gt;&quot;) should remain in place for now. This cleanup is expected to cause no visible changes for readers. Please help to remove this code before March 20, after which the development team will do it for you.
* When editors embed a file (e.g. &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[File:MediaWiki.png]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;) on a page that is protected with cascading protection, the software will no longer restrict edits to the file description page, only to new file uploads.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] In contrast, transcluding a file description page (e.g. &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;) will now restrict edits to the page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109]
* When editors revert a file to an earlier version it will now require the same permissions as ordinarily uploading a new version of the file. The software now checks for 'reupload' or 'reupload-own' rights,[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] and respects cascading protection.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010]
* When administrators are listing pages for deletion with the Nuke tool, they can now also list associated talk pages and redirects for deletion, alongside pages created by the target, rather than needing to manually delete these pages afterwards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|previously noted]] update to Single User Login, which will accommodate browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies by moving login and account creation to a central domain, will now roll out to all users during March and April. The team plans to enable it for all new account creation on [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] wikis this week. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and an updated timeline.
* Since last week there has been a bug that shows some interface icons as black squares until the page has fully loaded. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q2044560|Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|&lt;code&gt;w:syl:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed with loading images in very old versions of the Firefox browser on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W10&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:31, 4 Silimin gɔli March 2025 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2025 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue II, February 2025&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Celebrating the English Wikipedia’s Birthday in Albania!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Belgium Public Domain Day and Dance Heritage
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki and COP30 in the Amazon rainforest
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: GLAM digital and seminar on Jewish life 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: GLAM call and Progetto cultura
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: [GLAM metrics] Usage of Delpher in Dutch Wikipedia articles
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Wikipedia podcast episode, Trilepidea newsletter article, and the Wikipedian at Large 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD GLAM program for 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Islamic and Jewish history
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: GLAM news from Ukraine – events for libraries, #1Lib1Ref, launch of a larger GLAM product 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: February meetings
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group February monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Connecting Media Art Archives
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: 5.1 million image views
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Wikidata event: Data Reuse Days 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Wikisource report|Wikisource report]]: Wikisource Conference 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report|Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report]]: Wikimedia + Libraries International Convention 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 16:51, 10 Silimin gɔli March 2025 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=28357408 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-11&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Editors who use password managers at multiple wikis may notice changes in the future. The way that our wikis provide information to password managers about reusing passwords across domains has recently been updated, so some password managers might now offer you login credentials that you saved for a different Wikimedia site. Some password managers already did this, and are now doing it for more Wikimedia domains. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3 project]] which aims to improve how our unified login works, and to keep it compatible with ongoing changes to the web-browsers we use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844]
* The Wikipedia Apps Team is inviting interested users to help improve Wikipedia’s offline and limited internet use. After discussions in [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] and the last [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|ESEAP call]], key challenges like search, editing, and offline access are being explored, with upcoming focus groups to dive deeper into these topics. All languages are welcome, and interpretation will be available. Want to share your thoughts? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline &amp; Limited Internet Use|Join the discussion]] or email &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;aramadan@wikimedia.org&lt;/bdi&gt;!
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 19. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the launch of the Community Updates module, the most recent changes in Community Configuration, and the upcoming test of in-article suggestions for first-time editors.
* An old API that was previously used in the Android Wikipedia app is being removed at the end of March. There are no current software uses, but users of the app with a version that is older than 6 months by the time of removal (2025-03-31), will no longer have access to the Suggested Edits feature, until they update their app. You can [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|read more details about this change]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W11&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:09, 10 Silimin gɔli March 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-12&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Twice a year, around the equinoxes, the Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team performs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|a datacenter server switchover]], redirecting all traffic from one primary server to its backup. This provides reliability in case of a crisis, as we can always fall back on the other datacenter. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Thanks to the Listen to Wikipedia] tool, you can hear the switchover take place: Before it begins, you'll hear the steady stream of edits; Then, as the system enters a brief read-only phase, the sound stops for a couple of minutes, before resuming after the switchover. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. If you want to keep an ear out for the next server switchover, listen to the wikis on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 March 19 at 14:00 UTC].

'''Updates for editors'''

* The [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en&amp;to=es improved Content Translation tool dashboard] is now available in [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedias]] and will be available for all Wikipedias [[phab:T387821|soon]]. With [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|the unified dashboard]], desktop users can now: Translate new sections of an article; Discover and access topic-based [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en&amp;to=ig&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits article suggestion filters] (initially available only for mobile device users); Discover and access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based &amp; Community-defined lists|Community-defined lists]] filter, also known as &quot;Collections&quot;, from wiki-projects and campaigns.
* On Wikimedia Commons, a [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|new system to select the appropriate file categories]] has been introduced: if a category has one or more subcategories, users will be able to click on an arrow that will open the subcategories directly within the form, and choose the correct one. The parent category name will always be shown on top, and it will always be possible to come back to it. This should decrease the amount of work for volunteers in fixing/creating new categories. The change is also available on mobile. These changes are part of planned improvements to the UploadWizard.
* The Community Tech team is seeking wikis to join a pilot for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] feature and a refreshed Special:Block page in late March. Multiblocks enables administrators to impose multiple different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. If you are an admin or steward and would like us to discuss joining the pilot with your community, please leave a message on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|project talk page]].
* Starting March 25, the Editing team will test a new feature for Edit Check at [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedias]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]]. Half of the newcomers on these wikis will see all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Checks]] during their edit session, while the other half will continue seeing only one. The goal of this test is to see if users are confused or discouraged when shown multiple Reference Checks (when relevant) within a single editing session. At these wikis, the tags used on edits that show References Check will be simplified, as multiple tags could be shown within a single edit. Changes to the tags are documented [[phab:T373949|on Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], which is a service for notifying users that their temporary user-rights are about to expire, now supports using the localized name of the user-rights group in the message heading. Translators can see the [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|listing of existing translations and documentation]] to check if their language needs updating or creation.
* The [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]] gender setting, which is used for how the software should refer to you in interface messages, now works as expected by overriding the local defaults. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Wikipedia App for Android had a bug fixed for when a user is browsing and searching in multiple languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Later this week, the way that Codex styles are loaded will be changing. There is a small risk that this may result in unstyled interface message boxes on certain pages. User generated content (e.g. templates) is not impacted. Gadgets may be impacted. If you see any issues [[phab:T388847|please report them]]. See the linked task for details, screenshots, and documentation on how to fix any affected gadgets.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W12&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:48, 17 Silimin gɔli March 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-13&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking your feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|drafts of the objectives and key results that will shape the Foundation's Product and Technology priorities]] for the next fiscal year (starting in July). The objectives are broad high-level areas, and the key-results are measurable ways to track the success of their objectives. Please share your feedback on the talkpage, in any language, ideally before the end of April.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] will be released to multiple wikis (see [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|deployment plan]] for details) in April 2025, and the team has begun the process of engaging communities on the identified wikis. The extension provides tools to organize, manage, and promote collaborative activities (like events, edit-a-thons, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. The extension has three tools: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation Lists]]. It is currently on 13 Wikipedias, including English Wikipedia, French Wikipedia, and Spanish Wikipedia, as well as Wikidata. Questions or requests can be directed to the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|extension talk page]] or in Phabricator (with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;#campaigns-product-team&lt;/bdi&gt; tag).
* Starting the week of March 31st, wikis will be able to set which user groups can view private registrants in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], as part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension. By default, event organizers and the local wiki admins will be able to see private registrants. This is a change from the current behavior, in which only event organizers can see private registrants. Wikis can change the default setup by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requesting a configuration change]] in Phabricator (and adding the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;#campaigns-product-team&lt;/bdi&gt; tag). Participants of past events can cancel their registration at any time.
* Administrators at wikis that have a customized &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]&lt;/bdi&gt; should check that it contains an entry for the {{int:specialpages}} listing. If it does not, they should add it using &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;* specialpages-url|specialpages&lt;/code&gt;. Wikis with a default sidebar will see the link moved from the page toolbox into the sidebar menu in April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927]
* The Minerva skin (mobile web) combines both Notice and Alert notifications within the bell icon ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). There was a long-standing bug where an indication for new notifications was only shown if you had unseen Alerts. This bug is now fixed. In the future, Minerva users will notice a counter atop the bell icon when you have 1 or more unseen Notices and/or Alerts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* VisualEditor has introduced a [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|new client-side hook]] for developers to use when integrating with the VisualEditor target lifecycle. This hook should replace the existing lifecycle-related hooks, and be more consistent between different platforms. In addition, the new hook will apply to uses of VisualEditor outside of just full article editing, allowing gadgets to interact with the editor in DiscussionTools as well. The Editing Team intends to deprecate and eventually remove the old lifecycle hooks, so any use cases that this new hook does not cover would be of interest to them and can be [[phab:T355555|shared in the task]].
* Developers who use the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.Api&lt;/code&gt; JavaScript library, can now identify the tool using it with the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;userAgent&lt;/code&gt; parameter: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );&lt;/code&gt;. If you maintain a gadget or user script, please set a user agent, because it helps with library and server maintenance and with differentiating between legitimate and illegitimate traffic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W13&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:43, 24 Silimin gɔli March 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-14&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Editing team is working on a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. This check's goal is to identify non-neutral terms while a user is editing a wikipage, so that they can be informed that their edit should perhaps be changed before they publish it. This project is at the early stages, and the team is looking for communities' input: [[phab:T389445|in this Phabricator task]], they are gathering on-wiki policies, templates used to tag non-neutral articles, and the terms (jargon and keywords) used in edit summaries for the languages they are currently researching. You can participate by editing the table on Phabricator, commenting on the task, or directly messaging [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] has now been updated on all wikis to move login and account creation to a central domain. This makes user login compatible with browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies, which have prevented users of some browsers from staying logged in.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting on March 31st, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin a limited release of generated OpenAPI specs and a SwaggerUI-based sandbox experience for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST APIs]]. They invite developers from a limited group of non-English Wikipedia communities (Arabic, German, French, Hebrew, Interlingua, Dutch, Chinese) to review the documentation and experiment with the sandbox in their preferred language. In addition to these specific Wikipedia projects, the sandbox and OpenAPI spec will be available on the [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|on the test wiki REST Sandbox special page]] for developers with English as their preferred language. During the preview period, the MediaWiki Interfaces Team also invites developers to [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|share feedback about your experience]]. The preview will last for approximately 2 weeks, after which the sandbox and OpenAPI specs will be made available across all wiki projects.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Sometimes a small, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|one line code change]] can have great significance: in this case, it means that for the first time in years we're able to run all of the stack serving &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]&lt;/bdi&gt; - a host dedicated to serving our wikis and their multi-lingual maps needs - from a single core datacenter, something we test every time we perform a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter switchover]]. This is important because it means that in case one of our datacenters is affected by a catastrophe, we'll still be able to serve the site. This change is the result of [[phab:T216826|extensive work]] by two developers on porting the last component of the maps stack over to [[w:en:Kubernetes|kubernetes]], where we can allocate resources more efficiently than before, thus we're able to withstand more traffic in a single datacenter. This work involved a lot of complicated steps because this software, and the software libraries it uses, required many long overdue upgrades. This type of work makes the Wikimedia infrastructure more sustainable.

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025]] is happening in Sandusky, USA, and online, from 14–16 May 2025. The workshop will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. Registration and presentation signup is now available at the workshop's website.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W14&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:05, 1 Silimin gɔli April 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-15&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* From now on, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface admins]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|centralnotice admins]] are technically required to enable [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] before they can use their privileges. In the future this might be expanded to more groups with advanced user-rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The Design System Team is preparing to release the next major version of Codex (v2.0.0) on April 29. Editors and developers who use CSS from Codex should see the [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|2.0 overview documentation]], which includes guidance related to a few of the breaking changes such as &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;font-size&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;line-height&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;size-icon&lt;/code&gt;.
* The results of the [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Developer Satisfaction Survey (2025)]]  are now available. Thank you to all participants. These results help the Foundation decide what to work on next and to review what they recently worked on.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]] will take place in Istanbul, Turkey, between 2–4 May. Registration for attending the in-person event will close on 13 April. Before registering, please note the potential need for a [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] or [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] to enter the country.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W15&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:53, 7 Silimin gɔli April 2025 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2025 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue III, March 2025&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: WikiGap in Albania 2025, and essential initiatives for free knowledge
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Archives and Human Rights activities
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: International Women's Day, Wikipedia officially recognised as Digital Public Good and invitation for the General Assembly
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Every Book Its Reader is coming
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: New Horizons of Czech GLAM Partnerships in 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/France report|France report]]: Archivist Forum 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Ten winners of Wikimedia Italia 2025 GLAM call
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: International Womensday; New Wikimedian in Residence at Maastricht University
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: What's on at Auckland Museum, and International Women's Day at University of Otago 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: GLAM in Africa, a Nigerian narrative in knowledge decolonization a case study of Benin City
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Switzerland report
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Gold in Bengali and Diversity in Arabic
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Women's History month
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group March monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Manuscripts of Mali
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: Creating an OpenRefine Wikimedia Group
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 09:01, 9 Silimin gɔli April 2025 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=28408819 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-16&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Later this week, the default thumbnail size will be increased from 220px to 250px. This changes how pages are shown in all wikis and has been requested by some communities for many years, but wasn't previously possible due to technical limitations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914]
* File thumbnails are now stored in discrete sizes. If a page specifies a thumbnail size that's not among the standard sizes (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 330, 500, 960), then MediaWiki will pick the closest larger thumbnail size but will tell the browser to downscale it to the requested size. In these cases, nothing will change visually but users might load slightly larger images. If it doesn't matter which thumbnail size is used in a page, please pick one of the standard sizes to avoid the extra in-browser down-scaling step. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation are working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] which will enable [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[:w:en:Denial-of-service attack|Distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is so that they can more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for.
* To improve security for users, a small percentage of logins will now require that the account owner input a one-time password [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|emailed to their account]]. It is recommended that you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|check]] that the email address on your account is set correctly, and that it has been confirmed, and that you have an email set for this purpose. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662]
* &quot;Are you interested in taking a short survey to improve tools used for reviewing or reverting edits on your Wiki?&quot; This question will be [[phab:T389401|asked at 7 wikis starting next week]], on Recent Changes and Watchlist pages. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools team]] wants to know more about activities that involve looking at new edits made to your Wikimedia project, and determining whether they adhere to your project's policies.
* On April 15, the full Wikidata graph will no longer be supported on &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]&lt;/bdi&gt;. After this date, scholarly articles will be available through &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]&lt;/bdi&gt;, while the rest of the data hosted on Wikidata will be available through the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]&lt;/bdi&gt; endpoint. This is part of the scheduled split of the Wikidata Graph, which was [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|announced in September 2024]]. More information is [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|available on Wikidata]].
* The latest quarterly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Wikimedia Apps Newsletter]] is now available. It covers updates, experiments, and improvements made to the Wikipedia mobile apps.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: an invitation for tool maintainers to attend the Toolforge UI Community Feedback Session on April 15th; recent community metrics; and recent technical blog posts.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W16&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:24, 15 Silimin gɔli April 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-17&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] is now integrated with [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Dagbani Wikipedia]] since April 15. It is the first project that will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16]
* A new type of lint error has been created: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|documentation]]). The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Linter extension]]'s purpose is to identify wikitext patterns that must or can be fixed in pages and provide some guidance about what the problems are with those patterns and how to fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Following its publication on HuggingFace, the &quot;Structured Contents&quot; dataset, developed by Wikimedia Enterprise, is [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ now also available on Kaggle]. This Beta initiative is focused on making Wikimedia data more machine-readable for high-volume reusers. They are releasing this beta version in a location that open dataset communities already use, in order to seek feedback, to help improve the product for a future wider release. You can read more about the overall [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets Structured Contents project], and about the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ first release that's freely usable].
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''Meetings and events'''
* The Editing and Machine Learning Teams invite interested volunteers to a video meeting to discuss [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]], which is the latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] that will detect &quot;peacock&quot; or &quot;overly-promotional&quot; or &quot;non-neutral&quot; language whilst an editor is typing. Editors who work with newcomers, or help to fix this kind of writing, or are interested in how we use artificial intelligence in our projects are encouraged to attend. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|meeting will be on April 28, 2025]] at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18:00–19:00 UTC] and hosted on Zoom.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W17&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:00, 21 Silimin gɔli April 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-18&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Event organizers who host collaborative activities on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|multiple wikis]], including Bengali, Japanese, and Korean Wikipedias, will have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] this week. Also, admins in the Wikipedia where the extension is enabled will automatically be granted the event organizer right soon. They won't have to manually grant themselves the right before they can manage events as [[phab:T386861|requested by a community]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The release of the next major version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, is scheduled for 29 April 2025. Technical editors will have access to the release by the week of 5 May 2025. This update will include a number of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|breaking changes]] and minor [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|visual changes]]. Instructions on handling the breaking and visual changes are documented on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|this page]]. Pre-release testing is reported in [[phab:T386298|T386298]], with post-release issues tracked in [[phab:T392379|T392379]] and [[phab:T392390|T392390]].
* Users of [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will notice that the database views of &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ipblocks&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ipblocks_ipindex&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ipblocks_compat&lt;/code&gt; are [[phab:T390767|now deprecated]]. Users can query the &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]&lt;/code&gt; new views that mirror the new tables in the production database instead. The deprecated views will be removed entirely from Wiki Replicas in June, 2025.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes an overview of the improved [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;campaign=contributionsmenu&amp;to=es&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en#/ Content Translation Dashboard Tool], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|support for new languages]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|highlights from the Wiki Loves Ramadan campaign]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|results from the Language Onboarding Experiment]], an analysis of topic diversity in articles, and information on upcoming community meetings and events.

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 April 29 at 14:30 UTC]. This edition will focus on &quot;Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects&quot;. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|register now]] to attend.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which brings the global technical community together to connect, brainstorm, and hack existing projects, will take place from May 2 to 4th, 2025, at Istanbul, Turkey.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W18&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:32, 28 Silimin gɔli April 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-19&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation has shared the latest draft update to their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|annual plan]] for next year (July 2025–June 2026). This includes an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|executive summary]] (also on [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), details about the three main [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|goals]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|budget]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|financial model]]. Feedback and questions are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|talk page]] until the end of May.

'''Updates for editors'''
* For wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]], two new feature improvements have been released:
** Admins can now choose which namespaces are permitted for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|documentation]]). The default setup is for event registration to be permitted in the Event namespace, but other namespaces (such as the project namespace or WikiProject namespace) can now be added. With this change, communities like WikiProjects can now more easily use Event Registration for their collaborative activities.
** Editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|transclude]] the Collaboration List on a wiki page ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|documentation]]). The Collaboration List is an automated list of events and WikiProjects on the wikis, accessed via {{#special:AllEvents}} ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|example]]). Now, the Collaboration List can be added to all sorts of wiki pages, such as: a wiki mainpage, a WikiProject page, an affiliate page, an event page, or even a user page.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Developers who use the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;moment&lt;/code&gt; library in gadgets and user scripts should revise their code to use alternatives like the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;Intl&lt;/code&gt; library or the new &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mediawiki.DateFormatter&lt;/code&gt; library. The &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;moment&lt;/code&gt; library has been deprecated and will begin to log messages in the developer console. You can see a global search for current uses, and [[phab:T392532|ask related questions in this Phabricator task]].
* Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikidata term store tables (&lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;wbt_*&lt;/code&gt;) need to update their code to connect to a separate database cluster. These tables are being split into a separate database cluster. Tools that query those tables via the wiki replicas must be adapted to connect to the new cluster instead. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Documentation and related links are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on preparing to expand the deployment to additional wikis as soon as this week (starting May 6) and scaling up over the following weeks, plus exploring filtering and transforming source data.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W19&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:14, 6 Silimin gɔli May 2025 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2025 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue IV, April 2025&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Event for International Roma Day 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Highlighting Feminist and women's histories and a Wiki Day at the South Australian Museum
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Catalan areas report|Catalan areas report]]: Campaign to document the 2025 Falla monuments in Valencia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Wikidata and Research
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Open Collection Highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Architecture, BHL, and the Commons Workflow
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Strengthening Cultural Heritage through Partnerships and Knowledge Sharing: Insights from World Heritage Day in Nigeria
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD's new GLAM collaborations and activities 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Scholarships and Call for Sessions Proposals for GLAM Wiki 2025 will open soon: Stay tuned!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: GLAM Highlights from Serbia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: FemNetzCon 2025; GLAM Meeting Biel/Bienne; Digi Archive
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Mapping Museums / Art in Arabic
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: April meetings
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group April monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Surging forward in Spanish and Arabic
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 20:53, 11 Silimin gɔli May 2025 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-20&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|&quot;Get shortened URL&quot;]] link on the sidebar now includes a [[phab:T393309|QR code]]. Wikimedia site users can now use it by scanning or downloading it to quickly share and access shared content from Wikimedia sites, conveniently.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation is working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]], which will enable [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[w:en:Denial-of-service attack|distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is to help more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. Tech News has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|previously written about this]]. The deployment will be gradual. Some might see the Edge Uniques cookie the week of 19 May. You can discuss this on the [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|talk page]].
* Starting May 19, 2025, Event organisers in wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled can use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] in the project namespace (e.g., Wikipedia namespace, Wikidata namespace). With this change, communities don't need admins to use the feature. However, wikis that don't want this change can remove and add the permitted namespaces at [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]].
* The Wikipedia project now has a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q36720|Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|&lt;code&gt;w:nup:&lt;/code&gt;]]). This is a language primarily spoken in the North Central region of Nigeria. Speakers of this language are invited to contribute to [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|new Wikipedia]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Developers can now access pre-parsed Dutch Wikipedia, amongst others (English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese) through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (beta)]. The content includes parsed Wikipedia abstracts, descriptions, main images, infoboxes, article sections, and references.
* The &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;/page/data-parsoid&lt;/code&gt; REST API endpoint is no longer in use and will be deprecated. It is [[phab:T393557|scheduled to be turned off]] on June 7, 2025.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration IPv6 support] is a newly introduced Cloud virtual network that significantly boosts Wikimedia platforms' scalability, security, and readiness for the future. If you are a technical contributor eager to learn more, check out [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ this blog post] for an in-depth look at the journey to IPv6.

'''Meetings and events'''
* The 2nd edition of 2025 of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]], a virtual platform for African Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 May 15 at 17:00 UTC]. This edition will focus on discussions regarding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|Wikimedia Annual planning and progress]].
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], a virtual meeting for [[w:en:Middle East and North Africa|MENA]] Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 May 17 at 17:00 UTC]. You can [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|register now]] to attend.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W20&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:38, 12 Silimin gɔli May 2025 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28714188 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-21&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Peacock language model for the following languages: Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and Japanese. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on May 23, which will be the start date of the test.

'''Updates for editors'''

* From May 20, 2025, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|oversighters]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|checkusers]] will need to have their accounts secured with two-factor authentication (2FA) to be able to use their advanced rights. All users who belong to these two groups and do not have 2FA enabled have been informed. In the future, this requirement may be extended to other users with advanced rights. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Learn more]].
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]]  [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] will begin mass deployment by the end of the month: all non-Wikipedia projects plus Catalan Wikipedia will adopt Multiblocks in the week of May 26, while all other Wikipedias will adopt it in the week of June 2. Please [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|contact the team]] if you have concerns. Administrators can test the new user interface now on your own wiki by browsing to [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], and can test the full multiblocks functionality [[testwiki:Special:Block|on testwiki]]. Multiblocks is the feature that makes it possible for administrators to impose different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|help page]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121]
* Later this week, the [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] listing of almost all special pages will be updated with a new design. This page has been [[phab:T219543|redesigned]] to improve the user experience in a few ways, including: The ability to search for names and aliases of the special pages, sorting, more visible marking of restricted special pages, and a more mobile-friendly look. The new version can be [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages previewed] at Beta Cluster now, and feedback shared in the task. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is being enabled on more wikis. For a detailed list of when the extension will be enabled on your wiki, please read the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|deployment timeline]].
* [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] will be deployed on May 27 on five Wiktionaries: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], and [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maldivian]]. This is the second batch of deployment planned for the project. After deployment, the projects will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in their pages. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template.
* Later this week, the Wikimedia Foundation will publish a hub for [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|experiments]]. This is to showcase and get user feedback on product experiments. The experiments help the Wikimedia movement [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|understand new users]], how they interact with the internet and how it could affect the Wikimedia movement. Some examples are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|generated video]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|Wikipedia Roblox speedrun game]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|the Discord bot]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with creating an account using the API, which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Gadgets and user scripts that interact with [[{{#special:Block}}]] may need to be updated to work with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|manage blocks interface]]. Please review the [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|developer guide]] for more information. If you need help or are unable to adapt your script to the new interface, please let the team know on the [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121]
* The &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.title&lt;/code&gt; object allows you to get information about a specific wiki page in the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Lua|Lua]] programming language. Starting this week, a new property will be added to the object, named &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;isDisambiguationPage&lt;/code&gt;. This property allows you to check if a page is a disambiguation page, without the need to write a custom function. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] User script developers can use a [[toolforge:gitlab-content|new reverse proxy tool]] to load javascript and css from [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] with &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.loader.load&lt;/code&gt;. The tool's author hopes this will enable collaborative development workflows for user scripts including linting, unit tests, code generation, and code review on &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;gitlab.wikimedia.org&lt;/bdi&gt; without a separate copy-and-paste step to publish scripts to a Wikimedia wiki for integration and acceptance testing. See [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content on Wikitech]] for more information.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The 12th edition of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], a forum that brings together researchers that explore all aspects of Wikimedia projects, will be held virtually on 21-22 May. Researchers can [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ register now].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W21&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:12, 19 Silimin gɔli May 2025 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28724712 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-22&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* A community-wide discussion about a very delicate issue for the development of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is now open on Meta: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. The discussion is open until June 12 at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], and every opinion is welcomed. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Since last week, on all wikis except [[phab:T388604|the largest 20]], people using the mobile visual editor will have [[phab:T385851|additional tools in the menu bar]], accessed using the new &lt;code&gt;+&lt;/code&gt; toolbar button. To start, the new menu will include options to add: citations, hieroglyphs, and code blocks. Deployment to the remaining wikis is [[phab:T388605|scheduled]] to happen in June.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]&lt;/code&gt; parser function will no longer register a link to its target page. This will improve the usefulness of [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], which will eventually only list pages that are the target of an actual red link. This change will happen gradually as the source pages are updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019]
* This week, the Moderator Tools team will launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], starting at Indonesian Wikipedia. This new filter highlights edits that are likely to be reverted. The goal is to help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic edits. Other wikis will benefit from this filter in the future.
* Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. Readers of Catalan, Hebrew, and Italian Wikipedias and some sister projects will receive the change between May 21 and mid-June. Readers of other wikis will receive the change later. The goal is to encourage users to read the wikis more. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]].
* Some users of the Wikipedia Android app can use a new feature for readers, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], a daily trivia game based on real historical events. The release has started as an A/B test, available to 50% of users in the following languages: English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Newsletter extension]] that is available on MediaWiki.org allows the creation of [[mw:Special:Newsletters|various newsletters]] for global users. The extension can now publish new issues as section links on an existing page, instead of requiring a new page for each issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The previously deprecated &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]&lt;/code&gt; views in [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will be removed in the beginning of June. Users are encouraged to query the new &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]&lt;/code&gt; views instead.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]] is a multi-day online event that will focus on how Wikidata is integrated to Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects. The event runs from May 29 – June 1. You can [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|read the Program schedule]] and [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|register]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W22&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:05, 26 Silimin gɔli May 2025 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28788673 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-23&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;_default&lt;/code&gt; key in the local &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]&lt;/bdi&gt; page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;action=login&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;action=clientlogin&lt;/code&gt; will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;action=login&lt;/code&gt; without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205]
* From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;async&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;await&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W23&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:55, 2 Silimin gɔli June 2025 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28819186 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-24&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716]
[[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]]
* The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] (&quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot;). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121]
* Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492]
* This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]].
* Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;pageImage&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;pageAssessments&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W24&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:17, 10 Silimin gɔli June 2025 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2025 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue V, May 2025&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Enhancing the LGBTQ+ content in Albanian Wikipedia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Belgium Public Domain Day and Dance Heritage
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Video resource on Wikimedia Brasil and Casa de Oswaldo Cruz Partnership Released
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: SPRINGing back activities
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: National Library of the CR events and important guests
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Europe report|Europe report]]: DARIAH DHwiki WG coming activity 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/India report|India report]]: GLAM project starts with Nanda Talukdar Foundation at Jorhat, Assam
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: GLAM Wiki Month 2025 in Indonesia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: From charts to concrete
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Traditional Albanian Food Photography Competition 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Update from Auckland Museum; Let the Wikifying Commence; Listful Thinking 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Architectural Folklore Campaign Series
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Celebrating Museums and strengthening #1Lib1Ref connections
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Some news from Spain
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: International Museum Day 2025; CoCreation PTT-Archive; Scoring Girls
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: The 18th language
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Spring GLAM news from Ukraine – first major survey for GLAM institutions &amp; yet another successful #1Lib1Ref
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: May meetings
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group May monthly highlights
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Preparing the data upload
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 06:00, 10 Silimin gɔli June 2025 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-25&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W25&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:38, 16 Silimin gɔli June 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-26&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964]

'''Updates for editors'''
* Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001]
* Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519]
* A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates]
* The &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;all_links&lt;/code&gt; variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;new_links&lt;/code&gt; for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the &quot;Add a Link&quot; Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W26&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:21, 23 Silimin gɔli June 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-27&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W27&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599]
* Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's &quot;Find in page&quot; function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special &quot;favourite list&quot;. The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W27&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:41, 30 Silimin gɔli June 2025 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28917415 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-28&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W28&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]].
* Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22]
* Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]].
* Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]].
* It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of &quot;Connecting People through Linked Open Data&quot;.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W28&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:06, 8 Silimin gɔli July 2025 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': June 2025 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue VI, June 2025&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Celebrating Communication History and Women Artists through Wikipedia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Public Domain Day in Europe 2026
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Expanding Data on Maranhão's Heritage
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: First call of Science Month at Wikipedia in the Czech Republic wrapped-up
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/France report|France report]]: WiR and science&amp;GLAM tour in France
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Another publication from Grant for GLAM Indonesia program &amp; Minangkabau Wikisource Competition upadates 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Isoseismals &amp; Icons
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Celebrating Albanian Cuisine Through Photography: Winners of the 2025 Contest Announced!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: Open Cultural Data Hackathon in Puebla
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Wikifying the International Congress of History of Science and Technology; Librarians and Wikipedia; NZ species edit-a-thons
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Mapping Heritage Buildings on Wikidata and Wiki Heritage Fellowship
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD Strengthens Ties with Academic Institutions: A Wikimedian-in-Residence at the Institute of Macedonian Literature 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Registration is now open for GLAM WikiCon 2025!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: June highlights from Wikimedia Serbia and beginning of new accredited seminar
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: International Archives Week 2025; SAPA Performing Arts; GLAM Meeting Biel/Bienne
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: New Featured Pictures
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: June meetings
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL Transition update, LivingData2025 and Women Genera paper
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Data upload achieved
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Wiki Knowledge Park report|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 report]]: Celebrating Heritage and Faith: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: July's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 15:35, 12 Silimin gɔli July 2025 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=28966332 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-29&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W29&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the &quot;featured&quot; tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details.

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now!
* [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend!

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W29&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:10, 14 Silimin gɔli July 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-30&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W30&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the &quot;[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en&amp;to=fi#/ ... More]&quot; category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new &quot;{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}&quot; filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257]
* Administrators can now limit &quot;Add a Link&quot; to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|&quot;Add a Link&quot;]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test &amp; &quot;Add a Link&quot; Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 &amp; 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;beta.wmflabs.org&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;beta.wmcloud.org&lt;/code&gt;. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W30&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:43, 21 Silimin gɔli July 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-31&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598]
* On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the &quot;no camera&quot; icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as:
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W31&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:27, 29 Silimin gɔli July 2025 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29051727 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-32&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439]
* Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035]
* Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account&lt;/code&gt; and use a value defined in &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Ipboptions&lt;/code&gt;. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Gadgets can now include &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;.vue&lt;/code&gt; files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099]
* Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918]
* Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task.
* Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the &quot;no camera&quot; icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as:
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W32&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 03:41, 5 Silimin gɔli August 2025 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': July 2025 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue VII, July 2025&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: 10 years of Wikimedians of Albanian Language User Group
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Wikipedia on Aruba – From Island to Archive: Aruba’s Journey on Wikimedia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: De Standaard Solidarity Prize and How to Upload Artwork
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Wartime
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Expanding Access to Heritage Knowledge
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: GLAM Wiki 2025: Program Highlights &amp; Volunteer Call
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: July in Wikimedia Serbia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Poster Exhibition, Screening Public Viewing, Women Memorials 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Japanese art in Arabic
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikinics &amp; Edit-a-thons
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL blog by Tiago Lubiana, BHL Wikimedian in Residence, and news on the BHL transition
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Introducing Oulu Löyly – we want to hear your thoughts!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Getting the message out
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Culture &amp; Heritage team transitioning to broader Content Enablement team
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: August's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 19:58, 11 Silimin gɔli August 2025 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-33&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]].
* The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an &quot;X&quot; to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other &quot;X&quot; button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944]
* Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for &quot;Group results by page&quot; on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of &quot;One common data source, multiple local wikis&quot;. Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons]
* Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.addWarning()&lt;/code&gt; function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W33&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:30, 11 Silimin gɔli August 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-34&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to &quot;Thank&quot; individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849]
* An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716]
* An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227]
* Five new wikis have been created:
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|&lt;code&gt;s:tl:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|&lt;code&gt;s:mad:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|&lt;code&gt;w:rki:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|&lt;code&gt;b:min:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:zgh:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W34&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:38, 19 Silimin gɔli August 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-35&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: &lt;code&gt;width: fit-content&lt;/code&gt;; &lt;code&gt;ruby-align&lt;/code&gt;; relative units such as &lt;code&gt;lh&lt;/code&gt;; and custom strings in &lt;code&gt;list-style-type&lt;/code&gt;. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619]
* On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455]
* Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240]
* Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] 
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:bew:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. &lt;code&gt;rc_new&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;rc_type&lt;/code&gt; are being removed in favor of &lt;code&gt;rc_source&lt;/code&gt;. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use &lt;code&gt;rc_source&lt;/code&gt; instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] 
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more.

'''Meetings and events'''
* The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W35&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:13, 26 Silimin gɔli August 2025 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29175124 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-36&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki]
* The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as &quot;Templates used on this page,&quot; will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066]
* On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the &lt;code&gt;Special:RecentChanges&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Special:Watchlist&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;Special:RelatedChanges&lt;/code&gt; pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789]
* Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Wikifunctions now has a new capability called &quot;lightweight enumeration types&quot;, an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more.
* The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more.

'''Meetings and events'''
* Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions:
** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&amp;t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these].
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W36&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:51, 1 Silimin gɔli September 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-37&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the &quot;{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;en.wikipedia.org&lt;/code&gt;), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an &quot;m&quot; domain (like &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;en.m.wikipedia.org&lt;/code&gt;). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the &quot;Desktop view&quot; opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998]
* When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] 
* Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698]
* Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W37&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:15, 9 Silimin gɔli September 2025 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2025 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue VIII, August 2025&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos campaign 2025 in Albania and Kosovo 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Expanding Cultural Heritage in Brazil: School communities, Wikisource course, GLAM-Wiki Impact and Wiki Takes Alcântara
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/India report|India report]]: Digitization starts at two more libraries in West Bengal
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Grant for GLAM Indonesia is open!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: From food festivals to PhD courses: Wikimedia in Italian academia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: NZ species edit-a-thons, a scholarly article, a course, and Auckland Museum editors at Wikimania
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Highlights from Wiki Heritage Fellowship and Policy Advocacy in Nigeria
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wiki Loves Film – Collaboration with MakeDox Film Festival
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: WikiChełmoński: When Wikipedia Becomes a Guide in the Museum
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: BAM Hackathon, 3D for Cultural Heritage, Wiki Cite 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Working towards more image sharing
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wiknics
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: News on BHL transition and updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Steps towards a sustainable cultural commons
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: A pivotal month
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Wikisource report|Wikisource report]]: Wikisource Reader app released on Google Play Store
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 18:25, 11 Silimin gɔli September 2025 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-38&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W38&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* References lists that are made using the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941]
* Starting in the week of October 6, on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]].
* Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including:
** for the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;intitle:&lt;/code&gt; keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;^&lt;/code&gt;) and end-of-line (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;$&lt;/code&gt;) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599]
** for both &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;intitle:&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;insource:&lt;/code&gt; keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\d&lt;/code&gt;), whitespace (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\s&lt;/code&gt;), and word characters (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\w&lt;/code&gt;); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\r&lt;/code&gt;), newline (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\n&lt;/code&gt;), tab (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\t&lt;/code&gt;), and unicode (e.g. &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\uHHHH&lt;/code&gt;). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212]
* When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]].
* Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288]
* The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets.
* Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. 
* A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W38&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:07, 15 Silimin gɔli September 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-39&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W39&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ &quot;Listen to Wikipedia&quot;] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator.
* A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#contentmodel}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254]
* Adding or editing a &lt;code&gt;DISPLAYTITLE&lt;/code&gt; for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{DISPLAYTITLE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; would no longer have the literal text &quot;DISPLAYTITLE&quot; or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. 
* Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W39&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:56, 22 Silimin gɔli September 2025 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29305556 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-40&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W40&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]].
* As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]].
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]].
* On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563]
* The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test.
* The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with &lt;code&gt;sp-contributions-blocked-notice&lt;/code&gt;] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with &lt;code&gt;blocked-notice-logextract&lt;/code&gt;] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed.
* There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[ ] |&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; after the fragment identifier (&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|&lt;code&gt;q:ms:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the &lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]&lt;/code&gt; function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once.
* A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product &amp; Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W40&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:53, 29 Silimin gɔli September 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-41&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W41&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects.
'''Updates for editors'''
* Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like &lt;code&gt;en.wikipedia.org&lt;/code&gt;), instead of via a redirect to an &quot;m&quot; domain (like &lt;code&gt;en.m.wikipedia.org&lt;/code&gt;). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the &quot;Desktop view&quot; opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998]
* New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;creationdate:&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;lasteditdate:&lt;/code&gt;, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&gt;2024&lt;/code&gt;) and relative dates (e.g. &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;today-1d&lt;/code&gt;), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593]
* [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402]
* An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The field &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;rev_sha1&lt;/code&gt; in the revision database table is being removed in favor of &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;content_sha1&lt;/code&gt; in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628]
* Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the &lt;code&gt;rest.php&lt;/code&gt; path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W41&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:23, 6 Silimin gɔli October 2025 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': September 2025 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue IX, September 2025&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia edit-a-thon at the Skampa Theater in Elbasan, Albania 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Wikipedia on Aruba Initiative: Building Knowledge and Visibility 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: State Library Victoria WikiFest
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Make cultural heritage freely accessible, Hasselt's collections shine online &amp; Let's give women a voice on Wikipedia!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Hidden heritage unveiled: science, history and nature on Wikimedia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Wikimedia Commons birthday content donation
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Wikimedian in Residence at the Bioeconomy Science Institute &amp; Wikiproject NZ Women in Architecture
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Expanding Access to Culture and Knowledge through Key Partnerships
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: WikiChełmoński: the Special Guided Tour at the National Museum in Krakow
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: GLAM Wiki 2025: Join the Conference Online and Explore Lisbon’s Culture
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: LibreABC, Feminist Voices, Grade Conference
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Awards season
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: September edit-a-thons &amp; meetings
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: The Memory of the World wiki challenge
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: October's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12:46, 9 Silimin gɔli October 2025 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-42&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W42&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. 

'''Updates for editors'''

* Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579]
* This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095]
* Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''

* The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W42&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:00, 13 Silimin gɔli October 2025 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29434481 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-43&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W43&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;rest.php&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]].
* Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W43&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:36, 20 Silimin gɔli October 2025 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29478670 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-44&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W44&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]].
* Autoconfirmed users on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''

* The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]].
* The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/]
* Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&amp;title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures.
* A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]].
* Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W44&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:32, 27 Silimin gɔli October 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-45&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W45&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958]
* For users with &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools &quot;{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}&quot; or &quot;{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}&quot; widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778]
* Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861]
* Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments.  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628]
* Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as &quot;Get shortened URL&quot;. There are 30 wikis that also install an older &quot;ShortUrl&quot; extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means &lt;code&gt;/s/&lt;/code&gt; URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;class=&quot;title-shortlink&quot;&lt;/code&gt;. The &lt;code&gt;/s/&lt;/code&gt; URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188]
* On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board.
* MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W45&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:35, 3 Silimin gɔli November 2025 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': October 2025 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue X, October 2025&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: From a small language to Wikipedia's Biggest, Share Your Story with the Industry Museum and War Diaries
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: Autumn activities
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: WikiCommon community meet-ups, Wikisource trainings, and the announcement of Grant for GLAM Indonesia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Open culture on stage
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: How Wikimedia México is training cultural and government institutions as wikimedians.
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Open Topstukken project concludes; Network Archives Design and Digital Culture
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Granny's Wonderful Chair, Preparing for Auckland Museum Wiki Summer Students and an the ASBS Introductory Wiki Webinar
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Report on Participation at the 12th International Youth Conference
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Promoting Open Data and Digital Commons in Culture and Research
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: GLAM Wiki Conference 2025 Wrap-Up
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: October in Wikimedia Serbia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: DaSCHcon, 3D, Wiki GLAM conference
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A look at Grokipedia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: October edit-a-thons &amp; meetings
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: LivingData 2025, GLAMWiki and a &quot;collector&quot; Wikidata property proposal
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: International outreach
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Sustainable CultureConnect Project report|Sustainable CultureConnect Project report]]: Sustainable CultureConnect: Empowering Youth and Preserving Heritage through Open Knowledge and Leadership
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: November's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11:29, 10 Silimin gɔli November 2025 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-46&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W46&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
[[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]]
* Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264]
* MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347]
* Using the &quot;{{int:showpreview}}&quot; or &quot;{{int:showdiff}}&quot; buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097]
* Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454]
* The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment]
* The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called &quot;Image browsing&quot; to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28.
* The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://meta.wikimedia.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199]
* The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from &lt;code&gt;&lt;user id&gt;&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;mw:&lt;identity type&gt;:&lt;user id&gt;&lt;/code&gt;, where &lt;code&gt;&lt;identity type&gt;&lt;/code&gt; is typically &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;CentralAuth:&lt;/code&gt;&lt;!-- not a typo --&gt; (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;local:&lt;wiki id&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the &lt;code&gt;sessionJwt&lt;/code&gt; cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199]
* MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;$9&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; or emailing other users &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;$&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;10&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612]
* A &lt;code&gt;REL1_45&lt;/code&gt; branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/]
* The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W46&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:38, 10 Silimin gɔli November 2025 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29606150 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-47&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W47&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November.
* Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]].
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|&lt;code&gt;s:min:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''&quot;Report Visual Bug&quot;'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]].
* Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;hackathon@wikimedia.org&lt;/bdi&gt;.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W47&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:26, 17 Silimin gɔli November 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-48&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W48&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the &quot;DWIM&quot; (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''&lt;span lang=&quot;und&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;cxfcnmt&lt;/span&gt;'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''&lt;span lang=&quot;ru&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;счастье&lt;/span&gt;'' (&quot;happiness&quot;) that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734]
* Later this week, users of the &quot;{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}&quot; preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
*  Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/]
* The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;format=xml'''&amp;xlst={stylesheet}'''&lt;/code&gt; will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/]
* The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://query.wikidata.org/&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt; - Main graph or &lt;span dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt; - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W48&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:56, 24 Silimin gɔli November 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-49&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W49&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]].
* The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476]
* Two new wikis have been created:
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|&lt;code&gt;w:tok:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|&lt;code&gt;q:pcm:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W49&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:58, 1 Silimin gɔli December 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-50&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W50&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]].
* Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either &lt;bdi lang=&quot;ka-Latn&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;''bedniereba''&lt;/bdi&gt; or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;ka-Cyrl&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;''бедниереба''&lt;/bdi&gt; will now suggest the existing article about &lt;bdi lang=&quot;ka&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ბედნიერება&lt;/bdi&gt; (&quot;happiness&quot;). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development.
* Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new &quot;Edit full page&quot; button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project.
* Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025.
* A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting this week, users of the &quot;{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711]
* Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/]
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W50&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:45, 8 Silimin gɔli December 2025 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': November 2025 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue XI, November 2025&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Call for volunteers, Computer's Day and upcoming events
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Czech Radio and Wikimedia CZ launched cooperation
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Our Activities in November
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Wrap up of the 2025 GLAM call
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: ASBS 2025 Conference, a NZBSI Wikimedian in Residence update &amp; Auckland Museum Summer Students 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD and Cultural Institutions: A Year of Growth, Content, and Collaboration
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM Wiki 2025 conference, WiR Meeting and the First National Institute of Museums Training on GLAM–Wiki
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: IT Wikicon, Faces and Masks, Matrimoine @ Genève
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Awards season- again!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: November edit-a-thons &amp; meetings
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Here to Help: The Next Stage of the Content Partnerships Hub
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Enriching the data set
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: December's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 04:21, 11 Silimin gɔli December 2025 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=29692345 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-51&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W51&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;externallinks&lt;/code&gt; table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W51&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:03, 15 Silimin gɔli December 2025 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-52&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W52&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324]
* The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping &quot;First Steps&quot; in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&lt;/code&gt; to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;data-mw-interface=&quot;&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, to avoid potential conflicts with other &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;data-mw&lt;/code&gt; attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week.
'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W52&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:45, 22 Silimin gɔli December 2025 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2025 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue XII, December 2025&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Global GLAM Calls Continue in 2026
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikimedian in Residence, 2025, in Elbasan Albania
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Resume of the year
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: AMaGA partnership, signing the Open Heritage Statement and South Australian Museum Partner Project 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Public Domain Day 2026, Circus Heritage and Fosdem
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Preparándonos para celebrar el día del dominio público - Getting ready for the Public Domain Day celebration
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Exploring Italy and Unlocking Its Heritage: Touring Club Italiano and GLAM Call 2026–2028
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: ASBS 2025 Conference follow-up Wiki webinar &amp; Auckland Museum student update
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Public Domain, Conferences, and Conversations on Open Culture
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: GLAM on Tour Bellinzona, Xmas Event, GLAM Wiki Group
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: 2025 in review
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: December meetings
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Public Domain Day report|Public Domain Day report]]: Public Domain Day 2026
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: 2025 in review
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12:58, 12 Silimin gɔli January 2026 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=29895284 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-03&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596]
* [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support &quot;map&quot; as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W03&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:33, 12 Silimin gɔli January 2026 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29907192 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-04&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] 
* [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board].
* Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/&lt;/code&gt;) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]].
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]!
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there!

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W04&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:30, 19 Silimin gɔli January 2026 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29943403 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-05&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February.
* All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project.
* Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the &quot;prevent this user from editing their own talk page&quot; is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* A new AbuseFilter variable, &lt;code&gt;account_type&lt;/code&gt;, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the &lt;code&gt;createaccount&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;autocreateaccount&lt;/code&gt; actions. As part of this change, the variable &lt;code&gt;accountname&lt;/code&gt; has been renamed to &lt;code&gt;account_name&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;accountname&lt;/code&gt; is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049]
* Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;upload.wikimedia.org/…&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W05&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:18, 26 Silimin gɔli January 2026 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29969530 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-06&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The &quot;{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}&quot; feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389]
* The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]]

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W06&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:44, 2 Silimin gɔli February 2026 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30000986 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-07&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors.
* A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] 
* When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742]
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458]
* The automatic &quot;magic links&quot; for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#isbn}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604]
* Two new wikis have been created: 
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|&lt;code&gt;w:kaj:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|&lt;code&gt;w:ppl:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. 

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W07&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:30, 9 Silimin gɔli February 2026 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2026 ==

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| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue I, January 2026&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Wikipedia at 25
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Pap-Wikipedia Turns 20: A Milestone for Papiamento/u Knowledge
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Celebrando el día del dominio público 2026/Celebrating the public domain day 2026 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: Wikipedia's Birthday in France
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Gifted by our friends: Loads of presents for Wikipedia25 by German and Austrian GLAMs
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Activities in December-January
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Knowledge in action: Barindelli collection and Wikipedia 25
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Image donation Dutch Book History
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Auckland Museum Student Edit-a-thon, the NZBSI Wikimedian in Residence project, and other residencies
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: GLAM Program of Wikimedia MKD – 2026 Overview
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Explore Historic Portraits from the Museum of Photography in Kraków
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: January in Wikimedia Serbia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Museum in Chiasso, Alpine Museum, Women Monuments
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Sharing more of the Enamels of the World
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Map the GLAM report|Map the GLAM report]]: Wiki and GLAM: Harnessing Knowledge to Foster Gender Equality
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Manuscripts on Arabic Wikipedia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Two key Wikidata Requests for Comments, relevant for future GLAM-Wiki work
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 08:34, 11 Silimin gɔli February 2026 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-08&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval]
* The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.
* Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#siteNotice { display: none; }&lt;/code&gt; to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the &quot;view new changes since…&quot; button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W08&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:17, 16 Silimin gɔli February 2026 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-09&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html]
'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764]
* Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new &quot;Edit full page&quot; button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered &quot;beta&quot; on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:skin-theme-description&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag&lt;/code&gt; to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta.
* The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild&lt;/code&gt;, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W09&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:04, 23 Silimin gɔli February 2026 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-10&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&amp;filter=&amp;optional=1&amp;action=translate help to localize] this and related features.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912]
* Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807]
* Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948]
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;uselang=&lt;/code&gt; URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111]
* The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily.
* For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust &amp; Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]].
* The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696]
* The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views.
* The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users.
* [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W10&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:52, 2 Silimin gɔli March 2026 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-11&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies.
* Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]).

'''Updates for editors'''
* Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118]
* Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]].
* The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests].
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W11&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:53, 9 Silimin gɔli March 2026 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30213008 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2026 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue II, February 2026&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: GLAM in 2026 is calling to action!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: A photo safari through Wiki Loves Fashion &amp; a rescue mission with Mission Gourmande!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: National Library overview of 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Cultural Heritage and Memory: 2026 GLAM Call and Executed Renaissance Edit-a-thon
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students and an update on the NZBSI WiR
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Wikipedia in Cultural Marketing at Crash Mondays Warsaw
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: February in Wikimedia Serbia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Wikidata in the GLAM context II
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Neocomensia, SAPA, Atelier Winterthur, GLAM-on-Tour Disentis
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: New content in African and Asian languages
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Focus on Indigenous issues
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 00:52, 12 Silimin gɔli March 2026 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-12&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059]
* Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055]
* On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016]
* Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]].
* Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874]
* Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.CodeMirror&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.CodeMirror.lib&lt;/code&gt; modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.CodeMirror.switch&lt;/code&gt; hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720]
* The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W12&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:36, 16 Silimin gɔli March 2026 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30260505 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-13&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|&quot;Log in with passkey&quot; button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step.
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948]
* Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647]
* The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823]
* Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&amp;oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127]

* The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W13&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:51, 23 Silimin gɔli March 2026 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-14&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]].
* The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap &quot;Edit&quot;. This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W14&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:26, 30 Silimin gɔli March 2026 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-15&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''

* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]].
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304]
* All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]].
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;format=php&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538]
* The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example &quot;WP&quot; for the &quot;Project&quot; (&quot;Wikipedia&quot;) namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W15&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:19, 6 Silimin gɔli April 2026 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2026 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue III, March 2026&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: GLAM in Equinox
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikigap 2026 in Tirana, Albania
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Celebrating 20 Years of Papiamentu/o Wikipedia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Bolivia report|Bolivia report]]: The Family Treasures Project Returns, with New GLAM Partners
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Folklore Brazil defines six categories to represent Brazilian culture on Commons 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Architecture in the public domain in libraries in Nariño/Arquitectura en dominio público en bibliotecas nariñenses
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Main Wikimedian in Residence report for 2025 is here
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Art History Loves Wiki 2026 – digital/local. collection loves wiki
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/India report|India report]]: Collaboration resumes with the British Library for Bangla Wikisource
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: 2026 winners projects
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: New Zealand Bioeconomy Science Institute Wikimedian in Residence update, a letter published in Nature &amp; Architecture + Women NZ
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD's GLAM Highlights: Botany and Beyond 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: March in Portugal
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: March in Wikimedia Serbia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Looking for similar images
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: GLAM Wiki Group, Donna, CoCreation PTT-Archive
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: CILIP MDG 2026 Conference, Library meetups and the World's Enamels
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Spring 2026 news from Ukraine – Wiki Loves Folklore &amp; more #1Lib1Ref
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: MoMA's International Traveling Exhibitions and Wikidata on the LD4 Arts Affinity Group April Community Call 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHL-Wiki Working Group members
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Oulu Löyly
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Indigenous languages on the Main Page
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 18:19, 9 Silimin gɔli April 2026 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-16&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature.
'''Updates for editors'''
* On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294]
* The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332]
* Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=query&amp;meta=notifications&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991]
* Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W16&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:19, 13 Silimin gɔli April 2026 (GMT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30380527 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-17&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059]
* A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest &quot;Liquid Glass&quot; visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias.
* An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]].
* On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332]
* The &lt;code&gt;mirrors.wikimedia.org&lt;/code&gt; service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707]
* The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;image&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;oldimage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;image&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;oldimage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; directly, please update them to use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;file&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;filerevision&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741]
* Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]].
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&amp;title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]].
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W17&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:00, 20 Silimin gɔli April 2026 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-18&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484]
* All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the &quot;automatically enable most beta features&quot; option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. 
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W18&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:06, 27 Silimin gɔli April 2026 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-19&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available.
'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]].
* The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909]
* From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the &quot;Translate to English&quot; dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] 
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as &quot;changes 3&quot; instead of &quot;3 changes&quot; in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W19&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:43, 4 Silimin gɔli May 2026 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2026 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue IV, April 2026&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: How the GLAM Community Can Shine in the 2026–27 Annual Plan
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: International Roma Day 2026 in Tirana, Albania
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: WikiConf Argentina and GLAM projects
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Asia report|Asia report]]: Documenting and citing oral knowledge in audio and video
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: WikiCon Australia, ICIP, Orphan works and Trans-Tasman partnerships
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wikimedia Brasil publishes book on the power and challenges of free knowledge
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: We celebrate Public Domain Day with an expert panel / Celebramos el día del dominio público con un Panel de expertas
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Ongoing and New GLAM-Wiki Projects
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Wartime event at Auckland Museum &amp; an update for WiR NZBSI
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Wikimedia Commons Upload Campaign
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD in Action: Digitization, Wikisource and Educational Workshops
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki Developments: Residencies, Partnerships and Audiovisual Heritage
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: April in Wikimedia Serbia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Le Donne di Villa Massimo
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A tenth-century Quran and Islamic Art in Urdu
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wiki MIT launches and US meetups
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Update on the BHL Annual Meeting 27 April - 1 May &amp; BHL Day
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Eight new articles on MoW inscriptions
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 13:50, 11 Silimin gɔli May 2026 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-20&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks.
* The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mediawiki.ui.input&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W20&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:20, 11 Silimin gɔli May 2026 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-21&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions.
* To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the &quot;Tools &gt; Action&quot; menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''

* On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]].
* The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for &quot;Who Wrote That&quot; and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W21&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:21, 18 Silimin gɔli May 2026 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-22&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] 

'''Updates for editors'''
* For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis.
* After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The legacy CSS classes &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;tleft&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;tright&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; have been replaced with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;floatleft&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;floatright&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;floatleft&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;floatright&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W22&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:52, 25 Silimin gɔli May 2026 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-23&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month.
* The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed &quot;Community&quot; tab and a personalized &quot;For You&quot; tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W23&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:09, 1 Silimin gɔli June 2026 (GMT)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-24&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/&quot;Which came first?&quot; Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's &quot;On This Day&quot; content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]].
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-cite&amp;language=en&amp;action_source=search&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;optional=1&amp;action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__HIDDENCAT__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. 
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The function signature for &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mw.util.addPortletLink()&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; use &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;addPortletLink()&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945]
* '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product &amp; Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W24&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:30, 8 Silimin gɔli June 2026 (GMT)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2026 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue V, May 2026&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: May Global GLAM Call Recording and June Call Announcement
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Celebrating #1Lib1Ref Australasia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: GLAM Connection: Fashion, History, and Biodiversity in May
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: New Wikimedian in Residence
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Connecting the Arctic and Sicily through Wikimedia Projects
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: How the cultural, governmental, educational, and museum sectors contributed in unison to Wikimedia projects
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Setting up your own platform (part 1): from wish to the creation of a wiki
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: ESEAP Conference 2026 and the NZBSI WiR update
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD Shares GLAM Experience at International Conferences 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Partnerships, Participation, and Open Knowledge
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: May in Wikimedia Serbia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: El Prado en femenino III
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Museum for Communication, Panel IMD, Wikipedia Day
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Early Qurans on the front page of Wikipedia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: New tools for multilingual audio, video and metadata
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: New articles in Urdu
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 21:22, 12 Silimin gɔli June 2026 (GMT)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=30636889 --&gt;</text>
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      <comment>/* Balibu /Genera */</comment>
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'''Gradungulidae''' nyɛla kpatindarinsi bali shɛli. 

'''Kpɛiŋkoɣu:''' yuli ŋɔ nyela kpatinariŋa yu balisheli dagbamba nimali boon o, diyi ti niŋ ka be salindi salima. 

== Biɛhigu wuhibu/Description ==

== Voli gbibu /Voli/Burrow ==

== Bindirigu /Diet ==

== Balibu /Genera ==

== Kundivihira ==

[[Pubu:Lahabaya zaa]]
[[Pubu:Kpatindarinsi balibu]]</text>
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      <text bytes="221" sha1="mksza0txc33baeb0t5qic21k0anh6x5" xml:space="preserve">'''Festival Amani''' nyɛla chʋɣʋ shɛli bɛ ni puhiri yuni kam zaŋ chaŋ suhudoo polo kabɛ puhirili  Democratic Republic of Congo ni Lakes titali yaɣili. Di yuli maa nyɛla swahilli  balli, din gbinni nyɛ suhuboo.</text>
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    <title>Lokoro River</title>
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      <text bytes="757" sha1="bj4lmmojz536owcq12bfvwt6zjll9xg" xml:space="preserve">'''Lokoro Mɔɣili''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Lokoro'') nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], di nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din zɔri chani nti luri Lake Mai Ndombe la zaɣ'yini.

Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi Dekese yaɣili ka nyɛ din zɔri kpari nudirigu zuɣu n chani ti gariti Lokolama zaŋ n-ti [[Oshwe Territory]] din be Mai-Ndombe yaɣili pɔi ka naayi ŋmaligi zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo zaŋ chaŋ Kiri Territory mini Inongo Territory sunsuuni ka chaŋ n ti kpɛ Lake Mai-Ndombe.{{sfn|Blaes|2008}} Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔ ri gariti bahi shɛŋa din be ti'bɔŋ maa ni. Di yi ti niŋ ka sa'kara piligi mibu Silimiin goli October mɔɣili maa nyɛla din chiiri ka ko'kpɛɣu niŋda.{{sfn|Thieme|2005|p=195}}</text>
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      <text bytes="1333" sha1="a9ta5mm7we428on6dzywgdzcemmlf7h" xml:space="preserve">'''Lokoro Mɔɣili''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Lokoro'') nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], di nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din zɔri chani nti luri Lake Mai Ndombe la zaɣ'yini.

Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi Dekese yaɣili ka nyɛ din zɔri kpari nudirigu zuɣu n chani ti gariti Lokolama zaŋ n-ti [[Oshwe Territory]] din be Mai-Ndombe yaɣili pɔi ka naayi ŋmaligi zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo zaŋ chaŋ Kiri Territory mini Inongo Territory sunsuuni ka chaŋ n ti kpɛ Lake Mai-Ndombe.{{sfn|Blaes|2008}} Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔ ri gariti bahi shɛŋa din be ti'bɔŋ maa ni. Di yi ti niŋ ka sa'kara piligi mibu Silimiin goli October mɔɣili maa nyɛla din chiiri ka ko'kpɛɣu niŋda.{{sfn|Thieme|2005|p=195}}

Luɣ'shɛli beni ka bɛ booni li Ita ka di nyɛ din miri Lokolo zuɣusaa ka nyɛla din mali &quot; intercalary savanna&quot; . Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla din daa be Bolia 14 century naabu ni.{{sfn|Vansina|1990|p=121}} Lala mɔɣili ŋɔ ko'noli nyɛla din be mɔɣili maa wulinluhili zaŋ n-ti [[Salonga National Park]]. Paaki ŋɔ yaɣa pam nyɛla niri ni tooi paai shɛli ka di nyɛla mɔɣili ŋɔ ni ka a yɛn doli paai ni. Iyaelima niriba nyɛ ban tooi be lala yaɣili ŋɔ . Lala yaɣili ŋɔ nyɛ luɣ'shɛli bɛ ni bɔhindi Bonibos din be mɔɣini.{{sfn|Furuichi|Thompson|2008|p=230}}</text>
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'''Lokoro Mɔɣili''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Lokoro'') nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], di nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din zɔri chani nti luri Lake Mai Ndombe la zaɣ'yini.

Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi Dekese yaɣili ka nyɛ din zɔri kpari nudirigu zuɣu n chani ti gariti Lokolama zaŋ n-ti [[Oshwe Territory]] din be Mai-Ndombe yaɣili pɔi ka naayi ŋmaligi zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo zaŋ chaŋ Kiri Territory mini Inongo Territory sunsuuni ka chaŋ n ti kpɛ Lake Mai-Ndombe.{{sfn|Blaes|2008}} Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔ ri gariti bahi shɛŋa din be ti'bɔŋ maa ni. Di yi ti niŋ ka sa'kara piligi mibu Silimiin goli October mɔɣili maa nyɛla din chiiri ka ko'kpɛɣu niŋda.{{sfn|Thieme|2005|p=195}}

Luɣ'shɛli beni ka bɛ booni li Ita ka di nyɛ din miri Lokolo zuɣusaa ka nyɛla din mali &quot; intercalary savanna&quot; . Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla din daa be Bolia 14 century naabu ni.{{sfn|Vansina|1990|p=121}} Lala mɔɣili ŋɔ ko'noli nyɛla din be mɔɣili maa wulinluhili zaŋ n-ti [[Salonga National Park]]. Paaki ŋɔ yaɣa pam nyɛla niri ni tooi paai shɛli ka di nyɛla mɔɣili ŋɔ ni ka a yɛn doli paai ni. Iyaelima niriba nyɛ ban tooi be lala yaɣili ŋɔ . Lala yaɣili ŋɔ nyɛ luɣ'shɛli bɛ ni bɔhindi Bonibos din be mɔɣini.{{sfn|Furuichi|Thompson|2008|p=230}}</text>
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'''Lokoro Mɔɣili''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Lokoro'') nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], di nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din zɔri chani nti luri Lake Mai Ndombe la zaɣ'yini.

Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi Dekese yaɣili ka nyɛ din zɔri kpari nudirigu zuɣu n chani ti gariti Lokolama zaŋ n-ti [[Oshwe Territory]] din be Mai-Ndombe yaɣili pɔi ka naayi ŋmaligi zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo zaŋ chaŋ Kiri Territory mini Inongo Territory sunsuuni ka chaŋ n ti kpɛ Lake Mai-Ndombe.{{sfn|Blaes|2008}} Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔ ri gariti bahi shɛŋa din be ti'bɔŋ maa ni. Di yi ti niŋ ka sa'kara piligi mibu Silimiin goli October mɔɣili maa nyɛla din chiiri ka ko'kpɛɣu niŋda.{{sfn|Thieme|2005|p=195}}

Luɣ'shɛli beni ka bɛ booni li Ita ka di nyɛ din miri Lokolo zuɣusaa ka nyɛla din mali &quot; intercalary savanna&quot; . Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla din daa be Bolia 14 century naabu ni.{{sfn|Vansina|1990|p=121}} Lala mɔɣili ŋɔ ko'noli nyɛla din be mɔɣili maa wulinluhili zaŋ n-ti [[Salonga National Park]]. Paaki ŋɔ yaɣa pam nyɛla niri ni tooi paai shɛli ka di nyɛla mɔɣili ŋɔ ni ka a yɛn doli paai ni. Iyaelima niriba nyɛ ban tooi be lala yaɣili ŋɔ . Lala yaɣili ŋɔ nyɛ luɣ'shɛli bɛ ni bɔhindi Bonibos din be mɔɣini.{{sfn|Furuichi|Thompson|2008|p=230}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401040116/http://rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-date=2010-04-01
 |title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo
 |publisher=UNOCHA and PNUD
 |first=X. |last=Blaes
 |date=October 2008 
 |access-date=2011-11-22}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3fL1P0DpFlsC&amp;pg=PA230
 |title=The bonobos: behavior, ecology, and conservation
 |first1=Takeshi |last1=Furuichi |first2=Jo Myers |last2=Thompson
 |publisher=Springer |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-387-74785-9}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3nkL9NqqlscC&amp;pg=PA195
 |title=Freshwater ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: a conservation assessment
 |first=Michele L. |last=Thieme
 |publisher=Island Press |year=2005 |isbn=1-55963-365-4}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0jlaTU2lsyQC&amp;pg=PA121
 |title=Paths in the rainforests: toward a history of political tradition in equatorial Africa
 |first=Jan |last=Vansina
 |publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press |year=1990 |isbn=0-299-12574-2}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]


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'''Lokoro Mɔɣili''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Lokoro'') nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], di nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din zɔri chani nti luri Lake Mai Ndombe la zaɣ'yini.

Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi Dekese yaɣili ka nyɛ din zɔri kpari nudirigu zuɣu n chani ti gariti Lokolama zaŋ n-ti [[Oshwe Territory]] din be Mai-Ndombe yaɣili pɔi ka naayi ŋmaligi zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo zaŋ chaŋ Kiri Territory mini Inongo Territory sunsuuni ka chaŋ n ti kpɛ Lake Mai-Ndombe.{{sfn|Blaes|2008}} Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔ ri gariti bahi shɛŋa din be ti'bɔŋ maa ni. Di yi ti niŋ ka sa'kara piligi mibu Silimiin goli October mɔɣili maa nyɛla din chiiri ka ko'kpɛɣu niŋda.{{sfn|Thieme|2005|p=195}}

Luɣ'shɛli beni ka bɛ booni li Ita ka di nyɛ din miri Lokolo zuɣusaa ka nyɛla din mali &quot; intercalary savanna&quot; . Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla din daa be Bolia 14 century naabu ni.{{sfn|Vansina|1990|p=121}} Lala mɔɣili ŋɔ ko'noli nyɛla din be mɔɣili maa wulinluhili zaŋ n-ti [[Salonga National Park]]. Paaki ŋɔ yaɣa pam nyɛla niri ni tooi paai shɛli ka di nyɛla mɔɣili ŋɔ ni ka a yɛn doli paai ni. Iyaelima niriba nyɛ ban tooi be lala yaɣili ŋɔ . Lala yaɣili ŋɔ nyɛ luɣ'shɛli bɛ ni bɔhindi Bonibos din be mɔɣini.{{sfn|Furuichi|Thompson|2008|p=230}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401040116/http://rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-date=2010-04-01
 |title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo
 |publisher=UNOCHA and PNUD
 |first=X. |last=Blaes
 |date=October 2008 
 |access-date=2011-11-22}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3fL1P0DpFlsC&amp;pg=PA230
 |title=The bonobos: behavior, ecology, and conservation
 |first1=Takeshi |last1=Furuichi |first2=Jo Myers |last2=Thompson
 |publisher=Springer |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-387-74785-9}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3nkL9NqqlscC&amp;pg=PA195
 |title=Freshwater ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: a conservation assessment
 |first=Michele L. |last=Thieme
 |publisher=Island Press |year=2005 |isbn=1-55963-365-4}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0jlaTU2lsyQC&amp;pg=PA121
 |title=Paths in the rainforests: toward a history of political tradition in equatorial Africa
 |first=Jan |last=Vansina
 |publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press |year=1990 |isbn=0-299-12574-2}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]</text>
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'''Lokoro Mɔɣili''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Lokoro'') nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], di nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din zɔri chani nti luri Lake Mai Ndombe la zaɣ'yini.

Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi Dekese yaɣili ka nyɛ din zɔri kpari nudirigu zuɣu n chani ti gariti Lokolama zaŋ n-ti [[Oshwe Territory]] din be Mai-Ndombe yaɣili pɔi ka naayi ŋmaligi zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo zaŋ chaŋ Kiri Territory mini Inongo Territory sunsuuni ka chaŋ n ti kpɛ Lake Mai-Ndombe.{{sfn|Blaes|2008}} Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔ ri gariti bahi shɛŋa din be ti'bɔŋ maa ni. Di yi ti niŋ ka sa'kara piligi mibu Silimiin goli October mɔɣili maa nyɛla din chiiri ka ko'kpɛɣu niŋda.{{sfn|Thieme|2005|p=195}}

Luɣ'shɛli beni ka bɛ booni li Ita ka di nyɛ din miri Lokolo zuɣusaa ka nyɛla din mali &quot; intercalary savanna&quot; . Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla din daa be Bolia 14 century naabu ni.{{sfn|Vansina|1990|p=121}} Lala mɔɣili ŋɔ ko'noli nyɛla din be mɔɣili maa wulinluhili zaŋ n-ti [[Salonga National Park]]. Paaki ŋɔ yaɣa pam nyɛla niri ni tooi paai shɛli ka di nyɛla mɔɣili ŋɔ ni ka a yɛn doli paai ni. Iyaelima niriba nyɛ ban tooi be lala yaɣili ŋɔ . Lala yaɣili ŋɔ nyɛ luɣ'shɛli bɛ ni bɔhindi Bonibos din be mɔɣini.{{sfn|Furuichi|Thompson|2008|p=230}}

==Kundivihira ==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401040116/http://rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-date=2010-04-01
 |title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo
 |publisher=UNOCHA and PNUD
 |first=X. |last=Blaes
 |date=October 2008 
 |access-date=2011-11-22}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3fL1P0DpFlsC&amp;pg=PA230
 |title=The bonobos: behavior, ecology, and conservation
 |first1=Takeshi |last1=Furuichi |first2=Jo Myers |last2=Thompson
 |publisher=Springer |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-387-74785-9}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3nkL9NqqlscC&amp;pg=PA195
 |title=Freshwater ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: a conservation assessment
 |first=Michele L. |last=Thieme
 |publisher=Island Press |year=2005 |isbn=1-55963-365-4}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0jlaTU2lsyQC&amp;pg=PA121
 |title=Paths in the rainforests: toward a history of political tradition in equatorial Africa
 |first=Jan |last=Vansina
 |publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press |year=1990 |isbn=0-299-12574-2}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]</text>
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'''Lokoro Mɔɣili''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Lokoro'') nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], di nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din zɔri chani nti luri Lake Mai Ndombe la zaɣ'yini.

Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi Dekese yaɣili ka nyɛ din zɔri kpari nudirigu zuɣu n chani ti gariti Lokolama zaŋ n-ti [[Oshwe Territory]] din be Mai-Ndombe yaɣili pɔi ka naayi ŋmaligi zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo zaŋ chaŋ Kiri Territory mini Inongo Territory sunsuuni ka chaŋ n ti kpɛ Lake Mai-Ndombe.{{sfn|Blaes|2008}} Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔ ri gariti bahi shɛŋa din be ti'bɔŋ maa ni. Di yi ti niŋ ka sa'kara piligi mibu Silimiin goli October mɔɣili maa nyɛla din chiiri ka ko'kpɛɣu niŋda.{{sfn|Thieme|2005|p=195}}

Luɣ'shɛli beni ka bɛ booni li Ita ka di nyɛ din miri Lokolo zuɣusaa ka nyɛla din mali &quot; intercalary savanna&quot; . Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla din daa be Bolia 14 century naabu ni.{{sfn|Vansina|1990|p=121}} Lala mɔɣili ŋɔ ko'noli nyɛla din be mɔɣili maa wulinluhili zaŋ n-ti [[Salonga National Park]]. Paaki ŋɔ yaɣa pam nyɛla niri ni tooi paai shɛli ka di nyɛla mɔɣili ŋɔ ni ka a yɛn doli paai ni. Iyaelima niriba nyɛ ban tooi be lala yaɣili ŋɔ . Lala yaɣili ŋɔ nyɛ luɣ'shɛli bɛ ni bɔhindi Bonibos din be mɔɣini.{{sfn|Furuichi|Thompson|2008|p=230}}

==Kundivihira ==
{{reflist}}

==Din yi shɛli na ==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401040116/http://rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-date=2010-04-01
 |title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo
 |publisher=UNOCHA and PNUD
 |first=X. |last=Blaes
 |date=October 2008 
 |access-date=2011-11-22}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3fL1P0DpFlsC&amp;pg=PA230
 |title=The bonobos: behavior, ecology, and conservation
 |first1=Takeshi |last1=Furuichi |first2=Jo Myers |last2=Thompson
 |publisher=Springer |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-387-74785-9}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3nkL9NqqlscC&amp;pg=PA195
 |title=Freshwater ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: a conservation assessment
 |first=Michele L. |last=Thieme
 |publisher=Island Press |year=2005 |isbn=1-55963-365-4}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0jlaTU2lsyQC&amp;pg=PA121
 |title=Paths in the rainforests: toward a history of political tradition in equatorial Africa
 |first=Jan |last=Vansina
 |publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press |year=1990 |isbn=0-299-12574-2}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]</text>
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      <text bytes="276" sha1="ibodr6ws1iitvc81gl5rms774n4pzp7" xml:space="preserve">'''Sham Ennessim''' (Arabic: شم النسيم, ''Sham Ennesim'', IPA: [ˈʃæmm ennɪˈsiːm]) nyɛla chuɣu shɛli din piini yuun' palli shɛli mɔri ni ti pihita, ka Egypt nima adiini balibu kam puhirili. Lala dabisili maa nyɛla vuhim dabisili n ti Egypt tingbani maa zaa.</text>
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      <text bytes="514" sha1="hkp2udn4tvzvbf7wjtjyqew38vi1aws" xml:space="preserve">'''Sham Ennessim''' (Arabic: شم النسيم, ''Sham Ennesim'', IPA: [ˈʃæmm ennɪˈsiːm]) nyɛla chuɣu shɛli din piini yuun' palli shɛli mɔri ni ti pihita, ka Egypt nima adiini balibu kam puhirili. Lala dabisili maa nyɛla vuhim dabisili n ti Egypt tingbani maa zaa.

Sham Ennessim chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din kuri Easter Monday saha kam, din nyɛ dabsili din kanna Easter nyaaŋa, ka di mini Orthodox asɔri duu maa dɔli. Lala musulim yuli ŋo ''Sham Ennesim'' nyɛla din lebigi n-wuhi &quot;ni lari Zephyrs ni&quot;.</text>
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        <id>4111</id>
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      <text bytes="851" sha1="0ysv82d6j0f10lsterlx7xgfe5shofi" xml:space="preserve">'''Sham Ennessim''' (Arabic: شم النسيم, ''Sham Ennesim'', IPA: [ˈʃæmm ennɪˈsiːm]) nyɛla chuɣu shɛli din piini yuun' palli shɛli mɔri ni ti pihita, ka Egypt nima adiini balibu kam puhirili. Lala dabisili maa nyɛla vuhim dabisili n ti Egypt tingbani maa zaa.

Sham Ennessim chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din kuri Easter Monday saha kam, din nyɛ dabsili din kanna Easter nyaaŋa, ka di mini Orthodox asɔri duu maa dɔli. Lala musulim yuli ŋo ''Sham Ennesim'' nyɛla din lebigi n-wuhi &quot; Zephyrs puuni nyɔm&quot;.

Chuɣu maa nyɛla din ŋmahinli nyɛ kali yɛltɔɣa. Egypt nima nyɛla ban kuri bɛ saha dabisili muni maa zaa n puhiri li, diɛma,kɔduɣili,mɔri shɛhi, din be mɔɣuni,kali bindira shɛŋa bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu ŋɔ puhibu ni n nyɛ ''fesikh'', din miha, ka yɛlim beni, ni za kuma, di mini salaadi, alibalisa vagaha, ni tuya.</text>
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      <text bytes="1065" sha1="4xvyyd6lul8g8y644beptsvqhjod928" xml:space="preserve">'''Sham Ennessim''' (Arabic: شم النسيم, ''Sham Ennesim'', IPA: [ˈʃæmm ennɪˈsiːm]) nyɛla chuɣu shɛli din piini yuun' palli shɛli mɔri ni ti pihita, ka Egypt nima adiini balibu kam puhirili. Lala dabisili maa nyɛla vuhim dabisili n ti Egypt tingbani maa zaa.

Sham Ennessim chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din kuri Easter Monday saha kam, din nyɛ dabsili din kanna Easter nyaaŋa, ka di mini Orthodox asɔri duu maa dɔli. Lala musulim yuli ŋo ''Sham Ennesim'' nyɛla din lebigi n-wuhi &quot; Zephyrs puuni nyɔm&quot;.

Chuɣu maa nyɛla din ŋmahinli nyɛ kali yɛltɔɣa. Egypt nima nyɛla ban kuri bɛ saha dabisili muni maa zaa n puhiri li, diɛma,kɔduɣili,mɔri shɛhi, din be mɔɣuni,kali bindira shɛŋa bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu ŋɔ puhibu ni n nyɛ ''fesikh'', din miha, ka yɛlim beni, ni za kuma, di mini salaadi, alibalisa vagaha, ni tuya.

Chuɣu shɛli din kali go n gili luɣuli kam ŋo nyɛla din mini chuɣu shɛli din nyɛ gal' duɣira peenti ni la ni miri taba, din tooi nyɛ bɛ ni diri shɛli bee bɛ ni mali shɛli n tiri niriba Naawuni zuɣu.</text>
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      <text bytes="1215" sha1="f4y4ag58lxud1bfutfetlz11cccy0a3" xml:space="preserve">'''Sham Ennessim''' (Arabic: شم النسيم, ''Sham Ennesim'', IPA: [ˈʃæmm ennɪˈsiːm]) nyɛla chuɣu shɛli din piini yuun' palli shɛli mɔri ni ti pihita, ka Egypt nima adiini balibu kam puhirili. Lala dabisili maa nyɛla vuhim dabisili n ti Egypt tingbani maa zaa.

Sham Ennessim chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din kuri Easter Monday saha kam, din nyɛ dabsili din kanna Easter nyaaŋa, ka di mini Orthodox asɔri duu maa dɔli. Lala musulim yuli ŋo ''Sham Ennesim'' nyɛla din lebigi n-wuhi &quot; Zephyrs puuni nyɔm&quot;.

Chuɣu maa nyɛla din ŋmahinli nyɛ kali yɛltɔɣa. Egypt nima nyɛla ban kuri bɛ saha dabisili muni maa zaa n puhiri li, diɛma,kɔduɣili,mɔri shɛhi, din be mɔɣuni,kali bindira shɛŋa bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu ŋɔ puhibu ni n nyɛ ''fesikh'', din miha, ka yɛlim beni, ni za kuma, di mini salaadi, alibalisa vagaha, ni tuya.

Chuɣu shɛli din kali go n gili luɣuli kam ŋo nyɛla din mini chuɣu shɛli din nyɛ gal' duɣira peenti ni la ni miri taba, din tooi nyɛ bɛ ni diri shɛli bee bɛ ni mali shɛli n tiri niriba Naawuni zuɣu.

== Taarihi ==
Chuɣu maa ni kuli n yina shɛli nyɛla din na bɛ tooi n be n ti niriba, dinzuɣu, bɛ puhirili mi Egypt n doli bɛ Egypt yɛl' kura.</text>
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      <text bytes="1461" sha1="i4tfysjlxoq280z5l7kcxrc65a8pn1s" xml:space="preserve">'''Sham Ennessim''' (Arabic: شم النسيم, ''Sham Ennesim'', IPA: [ˈʃæmm ennɪˈsiːm]) nyɛla chuɣu shɛli din piini yuun' palli shɛli mɔri ni ti pihita, ka Egypt nima adiini balibu kam puhirili. Lala dabisili maa nyɛla vuhim dabisili n ti Egypt tingbani maa zaa.

Sham Ennessim chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din kuri Easter Monday saha kam, din nyɛ dabsili din kanna Easter nyaaŋa, ka di mini Orthodox asɔri duu maa dɔli. Lala musulim yuli ŋo ''Sham Ennesim'' nyɛla din lebigi n-wuhi &quot; Zephyrs puuni nyɔm&quot;.

Chuɣu maa nyɛla din ŋmahinli nyɛ kali yɛltɔɣa. Egypt nima nyɛla ban kuri bɛ saha dabisili muni maa zaa n puhiri li, diɛma,kɔduɣili,mɔri shɛhi, din be mɔɣuni,kali bindira shɛŋa bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu ŋɔ puhibu ni n nyɛ ''fesikh'', din miha, ka yɛlim beni, ni za kuma, di mini salaadi, alibalisa vagaha, ni tuya.

Chuɣu shɛli din kali go n gili luɣuli kam ŋo nyɛla din mini chuɣu shɛli din nyɛ gal' duɣira peenti ni la ni miri taba, din tooi nyɛ bɛ ni diri shɛli bee bɛ ni mali shɛli n tiri niriba Naawuni zuɣu.

== Taarihi ==
Chuɣu maa ni kuli n yina shɛli nyɛla din na bɛ tooi n be n ti niriba, dinzuɣu, bɛ puhirili mi Egypt n doli bɛ Egypt yɛl' kura.

Bɛ daa yɛliya ni di saha ŋɔ yuli maa nyɛla din yina bindira kpuɣibu saha,  (Shemu), ni di saha chuɣu maa maŋmaŋa din kanna yuuni kam mɔri yi ti puhirila bɛ wuhiri di dabisa nyaaŋa ha kamani yuun' tusaa anahi ni kɔbisinu4,500 years.</text>
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'''Sham Ennessim''' (Arabic: شم النسيم, ''Sham Ennesim'', IPA: [ˈʃæmm ennɪˈsiːm]) nyɛla chuɣu shɛli din piini yuun' palli shɛli mɔri ni ti pihita, ka Egypt nima adiini balibu kam puhirili. Lala dabisili maa nyɛla vuhim dabisili n ti Egypt tingbani maa zaa.

Sham Ennessim chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din kuri Easter Monday saha kam, din nyɛ dabsili din kanna Easter nyaaŋa, ka di mini Orthodox asɔri duu maa dɔli. Lala musulim yuli ŋo ''Sham Ennesim'' nyɛla din lebigi n-wuhi &quot; Zephyrs puuni nyɔm&quot;.

Chuɣu maa nyɛla din ŋmahinli nyɛ kali yɛltɔɣa. Egypt nima nyɛla ban kuri bɛ saha dabisili muni maa zaa n puhiri li, diɛma,kɔduɣili,mɔri shɛhi, din be mɔɣuni,kali bindira shɛŋa bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu ŋɔ puhibu ni n nyɛ ''fesikh'', din miha, ka yɛlim beni, ni za kuma, di mini salaadi, alibalisa vagaha, ni tuya.

Chuɣu shɛli din kali go n gili luɣuli kam ŋo nyɛla din mini chuɣu shɛli din nyɛ gal' duɣira peenti ni la ni miri taba, din tooi nyɛ bɛ ni diri shɛli bee bɛ ni mali shɛli n tiri niriba Naawuni zuɣu.

== Taarihi ==
Chuɣu maa ni kuli n yina shɛli nyɛla din na bɛ tooi n be n ti niriba, dinzuɣu, bɛ puhirili mi Egypt n doli bɛ Egypt yɛl' kura.

Bɛ daa yɛliya ni di saha ŋɔ yuli maa nyɛla din yina bindira kpuɣibu saha,  (Shemu), ni di saha chuɣu maa maŋmaŋa din kanna yuuni kam mɔri yi ti puhirila bɛ wuhiri di dabisa nyaaŋa ha kamani yuun' tusaa anahi ni kɔbisinu4,500 years.</text>
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'''Sham Ennessim''' (Arabic: شم النسيم, ''Sham Ennesim'', IPA: [ˈʃæmm ennɪˈsiːm]) nyɛla chuɣu shɛli din piini yuun' palli shɛli mɔri ni ti pihita, ka Egypt nima adiini balibu kam puhirili. Lala dabisili maa nyɛla vuhim dabisili n ti Egypt tingbani maa zaa.

Sham Ennessim chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din kuri Easter Monday saha kam, din nyɛ dabsili din kanna Easter nyaaŋa, ka di mini Orthodox asɔri duu maa dɔli. Lala musulim yuli ŋo ''Sham Ennesim'' nyɛla din lebigi n-wuhi &quot; Zephyrs puuni nyɔm&quot;.

Chuɣu maa nyɛla din ŋmahinli nyɛ kali yɛltɔɣa. Egypt nima nyɛla ban kuri bɛ saha dabisili muni maa zaa n puhiri li, diɛma,kɔduɣili,mɔri shɛhi, din be mɔɣuni,kali bindira shɛŋa bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu ŋɔ puhibu ni n nyɛ ''fesikh'', din miha, ka yɛlim beni, ni za kuma, di mini salaadi, alibalisa vagaha, ni tuya.

Chuɣu shɛli din kali go n gili luɣuli kam ŋo nyɛla din mini chuɣu shɛli din nyɛ gal' duɣira peenti ni la ni miri taba, din tooi nyɛ bɛ ni diri shɛli bee bɛ ni mali shɛli n tiri niriba Naawuni zuɣu.

== Taarihi ==
Chuɣu maa ni kuli n yina shɛli nyɛla din na bɛ tooi n be n ti niriba, dinzuɣu, bɛ puhirili mi Egypt n doli bɛ Egypt yɛl' kura.

Bɛ daa yɛliya ni di saha ŋɔ yuli maa nyɛla din yina bindira kpuɣibu saha,  (Shemu), ni di saha chuɣu maa maŋmaŋa din kanna yuuni kam mɔri yi ti puhirila bɛ wuhiri di dabisa nyaaŋa ha kamani yuun' tusaa anahi ni kɔbisinu4,500 years.

Mɔri maa yi ti puhira, Egypt nima lihiri limi ni be yɛl' kura saha kanna. Di wuhiri la kɔbu piligu , binbira saha m bala, kɔbu, n ti pahi bindira kpuɣibu. lala saha maa  wuhirila  Egypt nima biɛhigu ni nyɛ shɛli.</text>
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'''Sham Ennessim''' (Arabic: شم النسيم, ''Sham Ennesim'', IPA: [ˈʃæmm ennɪˈsiːm]) nyɛla chuɣu shɛli din piini yuun' palli shɛli mɔri ni ti pihita, ka Egypt nima adiini balibu kam puhirili. Lala dabisili maa nyɛla vuhim dabisili n ti Egypt tingbani maa zaa.

Sham Ennessim chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din kuri Easter Monday saha kam, din nyɛ dabsili din kanna Easter nyaaŋa, ka di mini Orthodox asɔri duu maa dɔli. Lala musulim yuli ŋo ''Sham Ennesim'' nyɛla din lebigi n-wuhi &quot; Zephyrs puuni nyɔm&quot;.

Chuɣu maa nyɛla din ŋmahinli nyɛ kali yɛltɔɣa. Egypt nima nyɛla ban kuri bɛ saha dabisili muni maa zaa n puhiri li, diɛma,kɔduɣili,mɔri shɛhi, din be mɔɣuni,kali bindira shɛŋa bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu ŋɔ puhibu ni n nyɛ ''fesikh'', din miha, ka yɛlim beni, ni za kuma, di mini salaadi, alibalisa vagaha, ni tuya.

Chuɣu shɛli din kali go n gili luɣuli kam ŋo nyɛla din mini chuɣu shɛli din nyɛ gal' duɣira peenti ni la ni miri taba, din tooi nyɛ bɛ ni diri shɛli bee bɛ ni mali shɛli n tiri niriba Naawuni zuɣu.

== Taarihi ==
Chuɣu maa ni kuli n yina shɛli nyɛla din na bɛ tooi n be n ti niriba, dinzuɣu, bɛ puhirili mi Egypt n doli bɛ Egypt yɛl' kura.

Bɛ daa yɛliya ni di saha ŋɔ yuli maa nyɛla din yina bindira kpuɣibu saha,  (Shemu), ni di saha chuɣu maa maŋmaŋa din kanna yuuni kam mɔri yi ti puhirila bɛ wuhiri di dabisa nyaaŋa ha kamani yuun' tusaa anahi ni kɔbisinu4,500 years.

Mɔri maa yi ti puhira, Egypt nima lihiri limi ni be yɛl' kura saha kanna. Di wuhiri la kɔbu piligu , binbira saha m bala, kɔbu, n ti pahi bindira kpuɣibu. lala saha maa  wuhirila  Egypt nima biɛhigu ni nyɛ shɛli.

=== Bɛ bindirigu ni wuhiri shɛm ===
Bindiri shɛli bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu maa puhibu saha maa wuhirila  Egypt nima kali ni bɛ yɛl kura, kamanit, lettuce, din wuhiri dɔɣim yɛl' tɔɣa, ka wuhiri nira ni yɛn nira ni biri ka yɛn che shɛli.</text>
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'''Sham Ennessim''' (Arabic: شم النسيم, ''Sham Ennesim'', IPA: [ˈʃæmm ennɪˈsiːm]) nyɛla chuɣu shɛli din piini yuun' palli shɛli mɔri ni ti pihita, ka Egypt nima adiini balibu kam puhirili. Lala dabisili maa nyɛla vuhim dabisili n ti Egypt tingbani maa zaa.

Sham Ennessim chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din kuri Easter Monday saha kam, din nyɛ dabsili din kanna Easter nyaaŋa, ka di mini Orthodox asɔri duu maa dɔli. Lala musulim yuli ŋo ''Sham Ennesim'' nyɛla din lebigi n-wuhi &quot; Zephyrs puuni nyɔm&quot;.

Chuɣu maa nyɛla din ŋmahinli nyɛ kali yɛltɔɣa. Egypt nima nyɛla ban kuri bɛ saha dabisili muni maa zaa n puhiri li, diɛma,kɔduɣili,mɔri shɛhi, din be mɔɣuni,kali bindira shɛŋa bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu ŋɔ puhibu ni n nyɛ ''fesikh'', din miha, ka yɛlim beni, ni za kuma, di mini salaadi, alibalisa vagaha, ni tuya.

Chuɣu shɛli din kali go n gili luɣuli kam ŋo nyɛla din mini chuɣu shɛli din nyɛ gal' duɣira peenti ni la ni miri taba, din tooi nyɛ bɛ ni diri shɛli bee bɛ ni mali shɛli n tiri niriba Naawuni zuɣu.

== Taarihi ==
Chuɣu maa ni kuli n yina shɛli nyɛla din na bɛ tooi n be n ti niriba, dinzuɣu, bɛ puhirili mi Egypt n doli bɛ Egypt yɛl' kura.

Bɛ daa yɛliya ni di saha ŋɔ yuli maa nyɛla din yina bindira kpuɣibu saha,  (Shemu), ni di saha chuɣu maa maŋmaŋa din kanna yuuni kam mɔri yi ti puhirila bɛ wuhiri di dabisa nyaaŋa ha kamani yuun' tusaa anahi ni kɔbisinu 4,500 years.

Mɔri maa yi ti puhira, Egypt nima lihiri limi ni be yɛl' kura saha kanna. Di wuhiri la kɔbu piligu , binbira saha m bala, kɔbu, n ti pahi bindira kpuɣibu. lala saha maa  wuhirila  Egypt nima biɛhigu ni nyɛ shɛli.

=== Bɛ bindirigu ni wuhiri shɛm ===
Bindiri shɛli bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu maa puhibu saha maa wuhirila  Egypt nima kali ni bɛ yɛl kura, kamanit, lettuce, din wuhiri dɔɣim yɛl' tɔɣa, ka wuhiri nira ni yɛn nira ni biri ka yɛn che shɛli.

Pliny,  Roman nima taarihi tira, daa sabita n wuhi ni alibalisa daa nyɛla Egypt nima ni ti shɛli jilima. Di yi ti niŋ ka alibalisa yirina yuuni pulini di wuhiri la  Egyptian nima ni  jɛmdi bɛ suuna shɛm. alibalisa lahi nyɛla bɛ ni daa mali shɛli guri Bɛ kpiimba ka bɛ bɛ saɣindi, ka di lebi bɛ ni mali shɛli zali lala maa zuɣu.</text>
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'''Sham Ennessim''' (Arabic: شم النسيم, ''Sham Ennesim'', IPA: [ˈʃæmm ennɪˈsiːm]) nyɛla chuɣu shɛli din piini yuun' palli shɛli mɔri ni ti pihita, ka Egypt nima adiini balibu kam puhirili. Lala dabisili maa nyɛla vuhim dabisili n ti Egypt tingbani maa zaa.

Sham Ennessim chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din kuri Easter Monday saha kam, din nyɛ dabsili din kanna Easter nyaaŋa, ka di mini Orthodox asɔri duu maa dɔli. Lala musulim yuli ŋo ''Sham Ennesim'' nyɛla din lebigi n-wuhi &quot; Zephyrs puuni nyɔm&quot;.

Chuɣu maa nyɛla din ŋmahinli nyɛ kali yɛltɔɣa. Egypt nima nyɛla ban kuri bɛ saha dabisili muni maa zaa n puhiri li, diɛma,kɔduɣili,mɔri shɛhi, din be mɔɣuni,kali bindira shɛŋa bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu ŋɔ puhibu ni n nyɛ ''fesikh'', din miha, ka yɛlim beni, ni za kuma, di mini salaadi, alibalisa vagaha, ni tuya.

Chuɣu shɛli din kali go n gili luɣuli kam ŋo nyɛla din mini chuɣu shɛli din nyɛ gal' duɣira peenti ni la ni miri taba, din tooi nyɛ bɛ ni diri shɛli bee bɛ ni mali shɛli n tiri niriba Naawuni zuɣu.

== Taarihi ==
Chuɣu maa ni kuli n yina shɛli nyɛla din na bɛ tooi n be n ti niriba, dinzuɣu, bɛ puhirili mi Egypt n doli bɛ Egypt yɛl' kura.

Bɛ daa yɛliya ni di saha ŋɔ yuli maa nyɛla din yina bindira kpuɣibu saha,  (Shemu), ni di saha chuɣu maa maŋmaŋa din kanna yuuni kam mɔri yi ti puhirila bɛ wuhiri di dabisa nyaaŋa ha kamani yuun' tusaa anahi ni kɔbisinu 4,500 years.

Mɔri maa yi ti puhira, Egypt nima lihiri limi ni be yɛl' kura saha kanna. Di wuhiri la kɔbu piligu , binbira saha m bala, kɔbu, n ti pahi bindira kpuɣibu. lala saha maa  wuhirila  Egypt nima biɛhigu ni nyɛ shɛli.

=== Bɛ bindirigu ni wuhiri shɛm ===
Bindiri shɛli bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu maa puhibu saha maa wuhirila  Egypt nima kali ni bɛ yɛl kura, kamanit, lettuce, din wuhiri dɔɣim yɛl' tɔɣa, ka wuhiri nira ni yɛn nira ni biri ka yɛn che shɛli.

Pliny,  Roman nima taarihi tira, daa sabita n wuhi ni alibalisa daa nyɛla Egypt nima ni ti shɛli jilima. Di yi ti niŋ ka alibalisa yirina yuuni pulini di wuhiri la  Egyptian nima ni  jɛmdi bɛ suuna shɛm. alibalisa lahi nyɛla bɛ ni daa mali shɛli guri Bɛ kpiimba ka bɛ bɛ saɣindi, ka di lebi bɛ ni mali shɛli zali lala maa zuɣu.

== Dabisa ==
Kpamba maa kaani la di dabisa maa n doli  Pope Demetrius (189-231 AD) ni daa zali dabiEaster hɛli ni ti Water maa din kuli yɛn che ka di doli taba .

saha shɛli ,kpiim yirina ban be Giza  puhila mawlid chuɣu n-ti Abu Huraira ka di mini Sham Ennissim puhi fahim yini.</text>
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'''Sham Ennessim''' (Arabic: شم النسيم, ''Sham Ennesim'', IPA: [ˈʃæmm ennɪˈsiːm]) nyɛla chuɣu shɛli din piini yuun' palli shɛli mɔri ni ti pihita, ka Egypt nima adiini balibu kam puhirili. Lala dabisili maa nyɛla vuhim dabisili n ti Egypt tingbani maa zaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Asante|first=Molefi Kete|url=http://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00mole|title=Culture and customs of Egypt [electronic resource]|date=2002|publisher=Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-313-05048-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sham Ennessim chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din kuri Easter Monday saha kam, din nyɛ dabsili din kanna Easter nyaaŋa, ka di mini Orthodox asɔri duu maa dɔli. Lala musulim yuli ŋo ''Sham Ennesim'' nyɛla din lebigi n-wuhi &quot; Zephyrs puuni nyɔm&quot;.

Chuɣu maa nyɛla din ŋmahinli nyɛ kali yɛltɔɣa. Egypt nima nyɛla ban kuri bɛ saha dabisili muni maa zaa n puhiri li, diɛma,kɔduɣili,mɔri shɛhi, din be mɔɣuni,kali bindira shɛŋa bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu ŋɔ puhibu ni n nyɛ ''fesikh'', din miha, ka yɛlim beni, ni za kuma, di mini salaadi, alibalisa vagaha, ni tuya.

Chuɣu shɛli din kali go n gili luɣuli kam ŋo nyɛla din mini chuɣu shɛli din nyɛ gal' duɣira peenti ni la ni miri taba, din tooi nyɛ bɛ ni diri shɛli bee bɛ ni mali shɛli n tiri niriba Naawuni zuɣu.

== Taarihi ==
Chuɣu maa ni kuli n yina shɛli nyɛla din na bɛ tooi n be n ti niriba, dinzuɣu, bɛ puhirili mi Egypt n doli bɛ Egypt yɛl' kura.

Bɛ daa yɛliya ni di saha ŋɔ yuli maa nyɛla din yina bindira kpuɣibu saha,  (Shemu), ni di saha chuɣu maa maŋmaŋa din kanna yuuni kam mɔri yi ti puhirila bɛ wuhiri di dabisa nyaaŋa ha kamani yuun' tusaa anahi ni kɔbisinu 4,500 years.

Mɔri maa yi ti puhira, Egypt nima lihiri limi ni be yɛl' kura saha kanna. Di wuhiri la kɔbu piligu , binbira saha m bala, kɔbu, n ti pahi bindira kpuɣibu. lala saha maa  wuhirila  Egypt nima biɛhigu ni nyɛ shɛli.

=== Bɛ bindirigu ni wuhiri shɛm ===
Bindiri shɛli bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu maa puhibu saha maa wuhirila  Egypt nima kali ni bɛ yɛl kura, kamanit, lettuce, din wuhiri dɔɣim yɛl' tɔɣa, ka wuhiri nira ni yɛn nira ni biri ka yɛn che shɛli.

Pliny,  Roman nima taarihi tira, daa sabita n wuhi ni alibalisa daa nyɛla Egypt nima ni ti shɛli jilima. Di yi ti niŋ ka alibalisa yirina yuuni pulini di wuhiri la  Egyptian nima ni  jɛmdi bɛ suuna shɛm. alibalisa lahi nyɛla bɛ ni daa mali shɛli guri Bɛ kpiimba ka bɛ bɛ saɣindi, ka di lebi bɛ ni mali shɛli zali lala maa zuɣu.

== Dabisa ==
Kpamba maa kaani la di dabisa maa n doli  Pope Demetrius (189-231 AD) ni daa zali dabiEaster hɛli ni ti Water maa din kuli yɛn che ka di doli taba .

saha shɛli ,kpiim yirina ban be Giza  puhila mawlid chuɣu n-ti Abu Huraira ka di mini Sham Ennissim puhi fahim yini.</text>
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'''Sham Ennessim''' (Arabic: شم النسيم, ''Sham Ennesim'', IPA: [ˈʃæmm ennɪˈsiːm]) nyɛla chuɣu shɛli din piini yuun' palli shɛli mɔri ni ti pihita, ka Egypt nima adiini balibu kam puhirili. Lala dabisili maa nyɛla vuhim dabisili n ti Egypt tingbani maa zaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Asante|first=Molefi Kete|url=http://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00mole|title=Culture and customs of Egypt [electronic resource]|date=2002|publisher=Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-313-05048-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sham Ennessim chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din kuri Easter Monday saha kam, din nyɛ dabsili din kanna Easter nyaaŋa, ka di mini Orthodox asɔri duu maa dɔli&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Asante|first=Molefi Kete|url=http://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00mole|title=Culture and customs of Egypt [electronic resource]|date=2002|publisher=Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-313-05048-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Lala musulim yuli ŋo ''Sham Ennesim'' nyɛla din lebigi n-wuhi &quot; Zephyrs puuni nyɔm&quot;.

Chuɣu maa nyɛla din ŋmahinli nyɛ kali yɛltɔɣa. Egypt nima nyɛla ban kuri bɛ saha dabisili muni maa zaa n puhiri li, diɛma,kɔduɣili,mɔri shɛhi, din be mɔɣuni,kali bindira shɛŋa bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu ŋɔ puhibu ni n nyɛ ''fesikh'', din miha, ka yɛlim beni, ni za kuma, di mini salaadi, alibalisa vagaha, ni tuya.

Chuɣu shɛli din kali go n gili luɣuli kam ŋo nyɛla din mini chuɣu shɛli din nyɛ gal' duɣira peenti ni la ni miri taba, din tooi nyɛ bɛ ni diri shɛli bee bɛ ni mali shɛli n tiri niriba Naawuni zuɣu.

== Taarihi ==
Chuɣu maa ni kuli n yina shɛli nyɛla din na bɛ tooi n be n ti niriba, dinzuɣu, bɛ puhirili mi Egypt n doli bɛ Egypt yɛl' kura.

Bɛ daa yɛliya ni di saha ŋɔ yuli maa nyɛla din yina bindira kpuɣibu saha,  (Shemu), ni di saha chuɣu maa maŋmaŋa din kanna yuuni kam mɔri yi ti puhirila bɛ wuhiri di dabisa nyaaŋa ha kamani yuun' tusaa anahi ni kɔbisinu 4,500 years.

Mɔri maa yi ti puhira, Egypt nima lihiri limi ni be yɛl' kura saha kanna. Di wuhiri la kɔbu piligu , binbira saha m bala, kɔbu, n ti pahi bindira kpuɣibu. lala saha maa  wuhirila  Egypt nima biɛhigu ni nyɛ shɛli.

=== Bɛ bindirigu ni wuhiri shɛm ===
Bindiri shɛli bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu maa puhibu saha maa wuhirila  Egypt nima kali ni bɛ yɛl kura, kamanit, lettuce, din wuhiri dɔɣim yɛl' tɔɣa, ka wuhiri nira ni yɛn nira ni biri ka yɛn che shɛli.

Pliny,  Roman nima taarihi tira, daa sabita n wuhi ni alibalisa daa nyɛla Egypt nima ni ti shɛli jilima. Di yi ti niŋ ka alibalisa yirina yuuni pulini di wuhiri la  Egyptian nima ni  jɛmdi bɛ suuna shɛm. alibalisa lahi nyɛla bɛ ni daa mali shɛli guri Bɛ kpiimba ka bɛ bɛ saɣindi, ka di lebi bɛ ni mali shɛli zali lala maa zuɣu.

== Dabisa ==
Kpamba maa kaani la di dabisa maa n doli  Pope Demetrius (189-231 AD) ni daa zali dabiEaster hɛli ni ti Water maa din kuli yɛn che ka di doli taba .

saha shɛli ,kpiim yirina ban be Giza  puhila mawlid chuɣu n-ti Abu Huraira ka di mini Sham Ennissim puhi fahim yini.

== Kundivihira ==</text>
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'''Sham Ennessim''' (Arabic: شم النسيم, ''Sham Ennesim'', IPA: [ˈʃæmm ennɪˈsiːm]) nyɛla chuɣu shɛli din piini yuun' palli shɛli mɔri ni ti pihita, ka Egypt nima adiini balibu kam puhirili. Lala dabisili maa nyɛla vuhim dabisili n ti Egypt tingbani maa zaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Asante|first=Molefi Kete|url=http://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00mole|title=Culture and customs of Egypt [electronic resource]|date=2002|publisher=Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-313-05048-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sham Ennessim chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din kuri Easter Monday saha kam, din nyɛ dabsili din kanna Easter nyaaŋa, ka di mini Orthodox asɔri duu maa dɔli&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Asante|first=Molefi Kete|url=http://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00mole|title=Culture and customs of Egypt [electronic resource]|date=2002|publisher=Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-313-05048-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Lala musulim yuli ŋo ''Sham Ennesim'' nyɛla din lebigi n-wuhi &quot; Zephyrs puuni nyɔm&quot;.

Chuɣu maa nyɛla din ŋmahinli nyɛ kali yɛltɔɣa. Egypt nima nyɛla ban kuri bɛ saha dabisili muni maa zaa n puhiri li, diɛma,kɔduɣili,mɔri shɛhi, din be mɔɣuni,kali bindira shɛŋa bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu ŋɔ puhibu ni n nyɛ ''fesikh'', din miha, ka yɛlim beni, ni za kuma, di mini salaadi, alibalisa vagaha, ni tuya.

Chuɣu shɛli din kali go n gili luɣuli kam ŋo nyɛla din mini chuɣu shɛli din nyɛ gal' duɣira peenti ni la ni miri taba, din tooi nyɛ bɛ ni diri shɛli bee bɛ ni mali shɛli n tiri niriba Naawuni zuɣu.

== Taarihi ==
Chuɣu maa ni kuli n yina shɛli nyɛla din na bɛ tooi n be n ti niriba, dinzuɣu, bɛ puhirili mi Egypt n doli bɛ Egypt yɛl' kura.

Bɛ daa yɛliya ni di saha ŋɔ yuli maa nyɛla din yina bindira kpuɣibu saha,  (Shemu)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=al-Nabarawi|first=Ruwaida|date=2019-12-15|title=A unique Seljuk dirham coined in Nishapur in &quot;428 Hijri&quot; in the name of the Majesty prince Tughril Beg|url=https://doi.org/10.36816/jince.002.04|journal=Journal of Islamic Numismatics Center - Egypt|issue=2|pages=67–78|doi=10.36816/jince.002.04|issn=2636-3798}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ni di saha chuɣu maa maŋmaŋa din kanna yuuni kam mɔri yi ti puhirila bɛ wuhiri di dabisa nyaaŋa ha kamani yuun' tusaa anahi ni kɔbisinu 4,500 years.

Mɔri maa yi ti puhira, Egypt nima lihiri limi ni be yɛl' kura saha kanna. Di wuhiri la kɔbu piligu , binbira saha m bala, kɔbu, n ti pahi bindira kpuɣibu. lala saha maa  wuhirila  Egypt nima biɛhigu ni nyɛ shɛli.

=== Bɛ bindirigu ni wuhiri shɛm ===
Bindiri shɛli bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu maa puhibu saha maa wuhirila  Egypt nima kali ni bɛ yɛl kura, kamanit, lettuce, din wuhiri dɔɣim yɛl' tɔɣa, ka wuhiri nira ni yɛn nira ni biri ka yɛn che shɛli.

Pliny,  Roman nima taarihi tira, daa sabita n wuhi ni alibalisa daa nyɛla Egypt nima ni ti shɛli jilima. Di yi ti niŋ ka alibalisa yirina yuuni pulini di wuhiri la  Egyptian nima ni  jɛmdi bɛ suuna shɛm. alibalisa lahi nyɛla bɛ ni daa mali shɛli guri Bɛ kpiimba ka bɛ bɛ saɣindi, ka di lebi bɛ ni mali shɛli zali lala maa zuɣu.

== Dabisa ==
Kpamba maa kaani la di dabisa maa n doli  Pope Demetrius (189-231 AD) ni daa zali dabiEaster hɛli ni ti Water maa din kuli yɛn che ka di doli taba .

saha shɛli ,kpiim yirina ban be Giza  puhila mawlid chuɣu n-ti Abu Huraira ka di mini Sham Ennissim puhi fahim yini.

== Kundivihira ==</text>
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'''Sham Ennessim''' (Arabic: شم النسيم, ''Sham Ennesim'', IPA: [ˈʃæmm ennɪˈsiːm]) nyɛla chuɣu shɛli din piini yuun' palli shɛli mɔri ni ti pihita, ka Egypt nima adiini balibu kam puhirili. Lala dabisili maa nyɛla vuhim dabisili n ti Egypt tingbani maa zaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Asante|first=Molefi Kete|url=http://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00mole|title=Culture and customs of Egypt [electronic resource]|date=2002|publisher=Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-313-05048-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sham Ennessim chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din kuri Easter Monday saha kam, din nyɛ dabsili din kanna Easter nyaaŋa, ka di mini Orthodox asɔri duu maa dɔli&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Asante|first=Molefi Kete|url=http://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00mole|title=Culture and customs of Egypt [electronic resource]|date=2002|publisher=Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-313-05048-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Lala musulim yuli ŋo ''Sham Ennesim'' nyɛla din lebigi n-wuhi &quot; Zephyrs puuni nyɔm&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=al-Nabarawi|first=Ruwaida|date=2019-12-15|title=A unique Seljuk dirham coined in Nishapur in &quot;428 Hijri&quot; in the name of the Majesty prince Tughril Beg|url=https://doi.org/10.36816/jince.002.04|journal=Journal of Islamic Numismatics Center - Egypt|issue=2|pages=67–78|doi=10.36816/jince.002.04|issn=2636-3798}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Chuɣu maa nyɛla din ŋmahinli nyɛ kali yɛltɔɣa. Egypt nima nyɛla ban kuri bɛ saha dabisili muni maa zaa n puhiri li, diɛma,kɔduɣili,mɔri shɛhi, din be mɔɣuni,kali bindira shɛŋa bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu ŋɔ puhibu ni n nyɛ ''fesikh'', din miha, ka yɛlim beni, ni za kuma, di mini salaadi, alibalisa vagaha, ni tuya.

Chuɣu shɛli din kali go n gili luɣuli kam ŋo nyɛla din mini chuɣu shɛli din nyɛ gal' duɣira peenti ni la ni miri taba, din tooi nyɛ bɛ ni diri shɛli bee bɛ ni mali shɛli n tiri niriba Naawuni zuɣu.

== Taarihi ==
Chuɣu maa ni kuli n yina shɛli nyɛla din na bɛ tooi n be n ti niriba, dinzuɣu, bɛ puhirili mi Egypt n doli bɛ Egypt yɛl' kura.

Bɛ daa yɛliya ni di saha ŋɔ yuli maa nyɛla din yina bindira kpuɣibu saha,  (Shemu)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=al-Nabarawi|first=Ruwaida|date=2019-12-15|title=A unique Seljuk dirham coined in Nishapur in &quot;428 Hijri&quot; in the name of the Majesty prince Tughril Beg|url=https://doi.org/10.36816/jince.002.04|journal=Journal of Islamic Numismatics Center - Egypt|issue=2|pages=67–78|doi=10.36816/jince.002.04|issn=2636-3798}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ni di saha chuɣu maa maŋmaŋa din kanna yuuni kam mɔri yi ti puhirila bɛ wuhiri di dabisa nyaaŋa ha kamani yuun' tusaa anahi ni kɔbisinu 4,500 years.

Mɔri maa yi ti puhira, Egypt nima lihiri limi ni be yɛl' kura saha kanna. Di wuhiri la kɔbu piligu , binbira saha m bala, kɔbu, n ti pahi bindira kpuɣibu. lala saha maa  wuhirila  Egypt nima biɛhigu ni nyɛ shɛli.

=== Bɛ bindirigu ni wuhiri shɛm ===
Bindiri shɛli bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu maa puhibu saha maa wuhirila  Egypt nima kali ni bɛ yɛl kura, kamanit, lettuce, din wuhiri dɔɣim yɛl' tɔɣa, ka wuhiri nira ni yɛn nira ni biri ka yɛn che shɛli.

Pliny,  Roman nima taarihi tira, daa sabita n wuhi ni alibalisa daa nyɛla Egypt nima ni ti shɛli jilima. Di yi ti niŋ ka alibalisa yirina yuuni pulini di wuhiri la  Egyptian nima ni  jɛmdi bɛ suuna shɛm. alibalisa lahi nyɛla bɛ ni daa mali shɛli guri Bɛ kpiimba ka bɛ bɛ saɣindi, ka di lebi bɛ ni mali shɛli zali lala maa zuɣu.

== Dabisa ==
Kpamba maa kaani la di dabisa maa n doli  Pope Demetrius (189-231 AD) ni daa zali dabiEaster hɛli ni ti Water maa din kuli yɛn che ka di doli taba .

saha shɛli ,kpiim yirina ban be Giza  puhila mawlid chuɣu n-ti Abu Huraira ka di mini Sham Ennissim puhi fahim yini.

== Kundivihira ==</text>
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'''Sham Ennessim''' (Arabic: شم النسيم, ''Sham Ennesim'', IPA: [ˈʃæmm ennɪˈsiːm]) nyɛla chuɣu shɛli din piini yuun' palli shɛli mɔri ni ti pihita, ka Egypt nima adiini balibu kam puhirili. Lala dabisili maa nyɛla vuhim dabisili n ti Egypt tingbani maa zaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Asante|first=Molefi Kete|url=http://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00mole|title=Culture and customs of Egypt [electronic resource]|date=2002|publisher=Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-313-05048-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sham Ennessim chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din kuri Easter Monday saha kam, din nyɛ dabsili din kanna Easter nyaaŋa, ka di mini Orthodox asɔri duu maa dɔli&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Asante|first=Molefi Kete|url=http://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00mole|title=Culture and customs of Egypt [electronic resource]|date=2002|publisher=Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-313-05048-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Lala musulim yuli ŋo ''Sham Ennesim'' nyɛla din lebigi n-wuhi &quot; Zephyrs puuni nyɔm&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=al-Nabarawi|first=Ruwaida|date=2019-12-15|title=A unique Seljuk dirham coined in Nishapur in &quot;428 Hijri&quot; in the name of the Majesty prince Tughril Beg|url=https://doi.org/10.36816/jince.002.04|journal=Journal of Islamic Numismatics Center - Egypt|issue=2|pages=67–78|doi=10.36816/jince.002.04|issn=2636-3798}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Chuɣu maa nyɛla din ŋmahinli nyɛ kali yɛltɔɣa. Egypt nima nyɛla ban kuri bɛ saha dabisili muni maa zaa n puhiri li, diɛma,kɔduɣili,mɔri shɛhi, din be mɔɣuni,kali bindira shɛŋa bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu ŋɔ puhibu ni n nyɛ ''fesikh'', din miha, ka yɛlim beni, ni za kuma, di mini salaadi, alibalisa vagaha, ni tuya.

Chuɣu shɛli din kali go n gili luɣuli kam ŋo nyɛla din mini chuɣu shɛli din nyɛ gal' duɣira peenti ni la ni miri taba, din tooi nyɛ bɛ ni diri shɛli bee bɛ ni mali shɛli n tiri niriba Naawuni zuɣu.

== Taarihi ==
Chuɣu maa ni kuli n yina shɛli nyɛla din na bɛ tooi n be n ti niriba, dinzuɣu, bɛ puhirili mi Egypt n doli bɛ Egypt yɛl' kura.

Bɛ daa yɛliya ni di saha ŋɔ yuli maa nyɛla din yina bindira kpuɣibu saha,  (Shemu)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=al-Nabarawi|first=Ruwaida|date=2019-12-15|title=A unique Seljuk dirham coined in Nishapur in &quot;428 Hijri&quot; in the name of the Majesty prince Tughril Beg|url=https://doi.org/10.36816/jince.002.04|journal=Journal of Islamic Numismatics Center - Egypt|issue=2|pages=67–78|doi=10.36816/jince.002.04|issn=2636-3798}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ni di saha chuɣu maa maŋmaŋa din kanna yuuni kam mɔri yi ti puhirila bɛ wuhiri di dabisa nyaaŋa ha kamani yuun' tusaa anahi ni kɔbisinu 4,500 years.

Mɔri maa yi ti puhira, Egypt nima lihiri limi ni be yɛl' kura saha kanna. Di wuhiri la kɔbu piligu , binbira saha m bala, kɔbu, n ti pahi bindira kpuɣibu. lala saha maa  wuhirila  Egypt nima biɛhigu ni nyɛ shɛli.

=== Bɛ bindirigu ni wuhiri shɛm ===
Bindiri shɛli bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu maa puhibu saha maa wuhirila  Egypt nima kali ni bɛ yɛl kura&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=غنيم|first=محمد|date=2023-04-17|title=أسرار القاهرة.. أثر الفراعنة لا يزول فى عيد شم النسيم.. الفاطميون والمماليك حافظوا على الطقوس.. الأكلات المقدسة عند المصريين دليل الفرحة.. وثورة 1952 فتحت حدائق القصور الملكية للشعب.. صور|url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2023/4/17/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85/6152676|access-date=2026-06-12|website=اليوم السابع|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;, kamanit, lettuce, din wuhiri dɔɣim yɛl' tɔɣa, ka wuhiri nira ni yɛn nira ni biri ka yɛn che shɛli.

Pliny,  Roman nima taarihi tira, daa sabita n wuhi ni alibalisa daa nyɛla Egypt nima ni ti shɛli jilima. Di yi ti niŋ ka alibalisa yirina yuuni pulini di wuhiri la  Egyptian nima ni  jɛmdi bɛ suuna shɛm. alibalisa lahi nyɛla bɛ ni daa mali shɛli guri Bɛ kpiimba ka bɛ bɛ saɣindi, ka di lebi bɛ ni mali shɛli zali lala maa zuɣu.

== Dabisa ==
Kpamba maa kaani la di dabisa maa n doli  Pope Demetrius (189-231 AD) ni daa zali dabiEaster hɛli ni ti Water maa din kuli yɛn che ka di doli taba .

saha shɛli ,kpiim yirina ban be Giza  puhila mawlid chuɣu n-ti Abu Huraira ka di mini Sham Ennissim puhi fahim yini.

== Kundivihira ==</text>
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'''Sham Ennessim''' (Arabic: شم النسيم, ''Sham Ennesim'', IPA: [ˈʃæmm ennɪˈsiːm]) nyɛla chuɣu shɛli din piini yuun' palli shɛli mɔri ni ti pihita, ka Egypt nima adiini balibu kam puhirili. Lala dabisili maa nyɛla vuhim dabisili n ti Egypt tingbani maa zaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Asante|first=Molefi Kete|url=http://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00mole|title=Culture and customs of Egypt [electronic resource]|date=2002|publisher=Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-313-05048-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sham Ennessim chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din kuri Easter Monday saha kam, din nyɛ dabsili din kanna Easter nyaaŋa, ka di mini Orthodox asɔri duu maa dɔli&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Asante|first=Molefi Kete|url=http://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00mole|title=Culture and customs of Egypt [electronic resource]|date=2002|publisher=Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-313-05048-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Lala musulim yuli ŋo ''Sham Ennesim'' nyɛla din lebigi n-wuhi &quot; Zephyrs puuni nyɔm&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=al-Nabarawi|first=Ruwaida|date=2019-12-15|title=A unique Seljuk dirham coined in Nishapur in &quot;428 Hijri&quot; in the name of the Majesty prince Tughril Beg|url=https://doi.org/10.36816/jince.002.04|journal=Journal of Islamic Numismatics Center - Egypt|issue=2|pages=67–78|doi=10.36816/jince.002.04|issn=2636-3798}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Chuɣu maa nyɛla din ŋmahinli nyɛ kali yɛltɔɣa. Egypt nima nyɛla ban kuri bɛ saha dabisili muni maa zaa n puhiri li, diɛma,kɔduɣili,mɔri shɛhi, din be mɔɣuni,kali bindira shɛŋa bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu ŋɔ puhibu ni n nyɛ ''fesikh'', din miha, ka yɛlim beni, ni za kuma, di mini salaadi, alibalisa vagaha, ni tuya.

Chuɣu shɛli din kali go n gili luɣuli kam ŋo nyɛla din mini chuɣu shɛli din nyɛ gal' duɣira peenti ni la ni miri taba, din tooi nyɛ bɛ ni diri shɛli bee bɛ ni mali shɛli n tiri niriba Naawuni zuɣu.

== Taarihi ==
Chuɣu maa ni kuli n yina shɛli nyɛla din na bɛ tooi n be n ti niriba, dinzuɣu, bɛ puhirili mi Egypt n doli bɛ Egypt yɛl' kura.

Bɛ daa yɛliya ni di saha ŋɔ yuli maa nyɛla din yina bindira kpuɣibu saha,  (Shemu)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=al-Nabarawi|first=Ruwaida|date=2019-12-15|title=A unique Seljuk dirham coined in Nishapur in &quot;428 Hijri&quot; in the name of the Majesty prince Tughril Beg|url=https://doi.org/10.36816/jince.002.04|journal=Journal of Islamic Numismatics Center - Egypt|issue=2|pages=67–78|doi=10.36816/jince.002.04|issn=2636-3798}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ni di saha chuɣu maa maŋmaŋa din kanna yuuni kam mɔri yi ti puhirila bɛ wuhiri di dabisa nyaaŋa ha kamani yuun' tusaa anahi ni kɔbisinu 4,500 years.

Mɔri maa yi ti puhira, Egypt nima lihiri limi ni be yɛl' kura saha kanna. Di wuhiri la kɔbu piligu , binbira saha m bala, kɔbu, n ti pahi bindira kpuɣibu. lala saha maa  wuhirila  Egypt nima biɛhigu ni nyɛ shɛli.

=== Bɛ bindirigu ni wuhiri shɛm ===
Bindiri shɛli bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu maa puhibu saha maa wuhirila  Egypt nima kali ni bɛ yɛl kura&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=غنيم|first=محمد|date=2023-04-17|title=أسرار القاهرة.. أثر الفراعنة لا يزول فى عيد شم النسيم.. الفاطميون والمماليك حافظوا على الطقوس.. الأكلات المقدسة عند المصريين دليل الفرحة.. وثورة 1952 فتحت حدائق القصور الملكية للشعب.. صور|url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2023/4/17/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85/6152676|access-date=2026-06-12|website=اليوم السابع|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;, kamanit, lettuce, din wuhiri dɔɣim yɛl' tɔɣa, ka wuhiri nira ni yɛn nira ni biri ka yɛn che shɛli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=غنيم|first=محمد|date=2023-04-17|title=أسرار القاهرة.. أثر الفراعنة لا يزول فى عيد شم النسيم.. الفاطميون والمماليك حافظوا على الطقوس.. الأكلات المقدسة عند المصريين دليل الفرحة.. وثورة 1952 فتحت حدائق القصور الملكية للشعب.. صور|url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2023/4/17/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85/6152676|access-date=2026-06-12|website=اليوم السابع|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pliny,  Roman nima taarihi tira, daa sabita n wuhi ni alibalisa daa nyɛla Egypt nima ni ti shɛli jilima. Di yi ti niŋ ka alibalisa yirina yuuni pulini di wuhiri la  Egyptian nima ni  jɛmdi bɛ suuna shɛm. alibalisa lahi nyɛla bɛ ni daa mali shɛli guri Bɛ kpiimba ka bɛ bɛ saɣindi, ka di lebi bɛ ni mali shɛli zali lala maa zuɣu.

== Dabisa ==
Kpamba maa kaani la di dabisa maa n doli  Pope Demetrius (189-231 AD) ni daa zali dabiEaster hɛli ni ti Water maa din kuli yɛn che ka di doli taba .

saha shɛli ,kpiim yirina ban be Giza  puhila mawlid chuɣu n-ti Abu Huraira ka di mini Sham Ennissim puhi fahim yini.

== Kundivihira ==</text>
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'''Sham Ennessim''' (Arabic: شم النسيم, ''Sham Ennesim'', IPA: [ˈʃæmm ennɪˈsiːm]) nyɛla chuɣu shɛli din piini yuun' palli shɛli mɔri ni ti pihita, ka Egypt nima adiini balibu kam puhirili. Lala dabisili maa nyɛla vuhim dabisili n ti Egypt tingbani maa zaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Asante|first=Molefi Kete|url=http://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00mole|title=Culture and customs of Egypt [electronic resource]|date=2002|publisher=Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-313-05048-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sham Ennessim chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din kuri Easter Monday saha kam, din nyɛ dabsili din kanna Easter nyaaŋa, ka di mini Orthodox asɔri duu maa dɔli&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Asante|first=Molefi Kete|url=http://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00mole|title=Culture and customs of Egypt [electronic resource]|date=2002|publisher=Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-313-05048-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Lala musulim yuli ŋo ''Sham Ennesim'' nyɛla din lebigi n-wuhi &quot; Zephyrs puuni nyɔm&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=al-Nabarawi|first=Ruwaida|date=2019-12-15|title=A unique Seljuk dirham coined in Nishapur in &quot;428 Hijri&quot; in the name of the Majesty prince Tughril Beg|url=https://doi.org/10.36816/jince.002.04|journal=Journal of Islamic Numismatics Center - Egypt|issue=2|pages=67–78|doi=10.36816/jince.002.04|issn=2636-3798}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Chuɣu maa nyɛla din ŋmahinli nyɛ kali yɛltɔɣa. Egypt nima nyɛla ban kuri bɛ saha dabisili muni maa zaa n puhiri li, diɛma,kɔduɣili,mɔri shɛhi, din be mɔɣuni,kali bindira shɛŋa bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu ŋɔ puhibu ni n nyɛ ''fesikh'', din miha, ka yɛlim beni, ni za kuma, di mini salaadi, alibalisa vagaha, ni tuya.

Chuɣu shɛli din kali go n gili luɣuli kam ŋo nyɛla din mini chuɣu shɛli din nyɛ gal' duɣira peenti ni la ni miri taba, din tooi nyɛ bɛ ni diri shɛli bee bɛ ni mali shɛli n tiri niriba Naawuni zuɣu.

== Taarihi ==
Chuɣu maa ni kuli n yina shɛli nyɛla din na bɛ tooi n be n ti niriba, dinzuɣu, bɛ puhirili mi Egypt n doli bɛ Egypt yɛl' kura.

Bɛ daa yɛliya ni di saha ŋɔ yuli maa nyɛla din yina bindira kpuɣibu saha,  (Shemu)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=al-Nabarawi|first=Ruwaida|date=2019-12-15|title=A unique Seljuk dirham coined in Nishapur in &quot;428 Hijri&quot; in the name of the Majesty prince Tughril Beg|url=https://doi.org/10.36816/jince.002.04|journal=Journal of Islamic Numismatics Center - Egypt|issue=2|pages=67–78|doi=10.36816/jince.002.04|issn=2636-3798}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ni di saha chuɣu maa maŋmaŋa din kanna yuuni kam mɔri yi ti puhirila bɛ wuhiri di dabisa nyaaŋa ha kamani yuun' tusaa anahi ni kɔbisinu 4,500 years.

Mɔri maa yi ti puhira, Egypt nima lihiri limi ni be yɛl' kura saha kanna. Di wuhiri la kɔbu piligu , binbira saha m bala, kɔbu, n ti pahi bindira kpuɣibu. lala saha maa  wuhirila  Egypt nima biɛhigu ni nyɛ shɛli.

=== Bɛ bindirigu ni wuhiri shɛm ===
Bindiri shɛli bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu maa puhibu saha maa wuhirila  Egypt nima kali ni bɛ yɛl kura&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=غنيم|first=محمد|date=2023-04-17|title=أسرار القاهرة.. أثر الفراعنة لا يزول فى عيد شم النسيم.. الفاطميون والمماليك حافظوا على الطقوس.. الأكلات المقدسة عند المصريين دليل الفرحة.. وثورة 1952 فتحت حدائق القصور الملكية للشعب.. صور|url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2023/4/17/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85/6152676|access-date=2026-06-12|website=اليوم السابع|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;, kamanit, lettuce, din wuhiri dɔɣim yɛl' tɔɣa, ka wuhiri nira ni yɛn nira ni biri ka yɛn che shɛli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=غنيم|first=محمد|date=2023-04-17|title=أسرار القاهرة.. أثر الفراعنة لا يزول فى عيد شم النسيم.. الفاطميون والمماليك حافظوا على الطقوس.. الأكلات المقدسة عند المصريين دليل الفرحة.. وثورة 1952 فتحت حدائق القصور الملكية للشعب.. صور|url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2023/4/17/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85/6152676|access-date=2026-06-12|website=اليوم السابع|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pliny,  Roman nima taarihi tira, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Smith|first=K. Annabelle|title=When Lettuce Was a Sacred Sex Symbol|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/when-lettuce-was-a-sacred-sex-symbol-12271795/|access-date=2026-06-12|website=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;daa sabita n wuhi ni alibalisa daa nyɛla Egypt nima ni ti shɛli jilima. Di yi ti niŋ ka alibalisa yirina yuuni pulini di wuhiri la  Egyptian nima ni  jɛmdi bɛ suuna shɛm. alibalisa lahi nyɛla bɛ ni daa mali shɛli guri Bɛ kpiimba ka bɛ bɛ saɣindi, ka di lebi bɛ ni mali shɛli zali lala maa zuɣu.

== Dabisa ==
Kpamba maa kaani la di dabisa maa n doli  Pope Demetrius (189-231 AD) ni daa zali dabiEaster hɛli ni ti Water maa din kuli yɛn che ka di doli taba .

saha shɛli ,kpiim yirina ban be Giza  puhila mawlid chuɣu n-ti Abu Huraira ka di mini Sham Ennissim puhi fahim yini.

== Kundivihira ==</text>
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        <id>4111</id>
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'''Sham Ennessim''' (Arabic: شم النسيم, ''Sham Ennesim'', IPA: [ˈʃæmm ennɪˈsiːm]) nyɛla chuɣu shɛli din piini yuun' palli shɛli mɔri ni ti pihita, ka Egypt nima adiini balibu kam puhirili. Lala dabisili maa nyɛla vuhim dabisili n ti Egypt tingbani maa zaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Asante|first=Molefi Kete|url=http://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00mole|title=Culture and customs of Egypt [electronic resource]|date=2002|publisher=Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-313-05048-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sham Ennessim chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din kuri Easter Monday saha kam, din nyɛ dabsili din kanna Easter nyaaŋa, ka di mini Orthodox asɔri duu maa dɔli&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Asante|first=Molefi Kete|url=http://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00mole|title=Culture and customs of Egypt [electronic resource]|date=2002|publisher=Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-313-05048-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Lala musulim yuli ŋo ''Sham Ennesim'' nyɛla din lebigi n-wuhi &quot; Zephyrs puuni nyɔm&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=al-Nabarawi|first=Ruwaida|date=2019-12-15|title=A unique Seljuk dirham coined in Nishapur in &quot;428 Hijri&quot; in the name of the Majesty prince Tughril Beg|url=https://doi.org/10.36816/jince.002.04|journal=Journal of Islamic Numismatics Center - Egypt|issue=2|pages=67–78|doi=10.36816/jince.002.04|issn=2636-3798}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Chuɣu maa nyɛla din ŋmahinli nyɛ kali yɛltɔɣa. Egypt nima nyɛla ban kuri bɛ saha dabisili muni maa zaa n puhiri li, diɛma,kɔduɣili,mɔri shɛhi, din be mɔɣuni,kali bindira shɛŋa bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu ŋɔ puhibu ni n nyɛ ''fesikh'', din miha, ka yɛlim beni, ni za kuma, di mini salaadi, alibalisa vagaha, ni tuya.

Chuɣu shɛli din kali go n gili luɣuli kam ŋo nyɛla din mini chuɣu shɛli din nyɛ gal' duɣira peenti ni la ni miri taba, din tooi nyɛ bɛ ni diri shɛli bee bɛ ni mali shɛli n tiri niriba Naawuni zuɣu.

== Taarihi ==
Chuɣu maa ni kuli n yina shɛli nyɛla din na bɛ tooi n be n ti niriba, dinzuɣu, bɛ puhirili mi Egypt n doli bɛ Egypt yɛl' kura.

Bɛ daa yɛliya ni di saha ŋɔ yuli maa nyɛla din yina bindira kpuɣibu saha,  (Shemu)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=al-Nabarawi|first=Ruwaida|date=2019-12-15|title=A unique Seljuk dirham coined in Nishapur in &quot;428 Hijri&quot; in the name of the Majesty prince Tughril Beg|url=https://doi.org/10.36816/jince.002.04|journal=Journal of Islamic Numismatics Center - Egypt|issue=2|pages=67–78|doi=10.36816/jince.002.04|issn=2636-3798}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ni di saha chuɣu maa maŋmaŋa din kanna yuuni kam mɔri yi ti puhirila bɛ wuhiri di dabisa nyaaŋa ha kamani yuun' tusaa anahi ni kɔbisinu 4,500 years.

Mɔri maa yi ti puhira, Egypt nima lihiri limi ni be yɛl' kura saha kanna. Di wuhiri la kɔbu piligu , binbira saha m bala, kɔbu, n ti pahi bindira kpuɣibu. lala saha maa  wuhirila  Egypt nima biɛhigu ni nyɛ shɛli.

=== Bɛ bindirigu ni wuhiri shɛm ===
Bindiri shɛli bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu maa puhibu saha maa wuhirila  Egypt nima kali ni bɛ yɛl kura&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=غنيم|first=محمد|date=2023-04-17|title=أسرار القاهرة.. أثر الفراعنة لا يزول فى عيد شم النسيم.. الفاطميون والمماليك حافظوا على الطقوس.. الأكلات المقدسة عند المصريين دليل الفرحة.. وثورة 1952 فتحت حدائق القصور الملكية للشعب.. صور|url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2023/4/17/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85/6152676|access-date=2026-06-12|website=اليوم السابع|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;, kamanit, lettuce, din wuhiri dɔɣim yɛl' tɔɣa, ka wuhiri nira ni yɛn nira ni biri ka yɛn che shɛli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=غنيم|first=محمد|date=2023-04-17|title=أسرار القاهرة.. أثر الفراعنة لا يزول فى عيد شم النسيم.. الفاطميون والمماليك حافظوا على الطقوس.. الأكلات المقدسة عند المصريين دليل الفرحة.. وثورة 1952 فتحت حدائق القصور الملكية للشعب.. صور|url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2023/4/17/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85/6152676|access-date=2026-06-12|website=اليوم السابع|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pliny,  Roman nima taarihi tira, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Smith|first=K. Annabelle|title=When Lettuce Was a Sacred Sex Symbol|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/when-lettuce-was-a-sacred-sex-symbol-12271795/|access-date=2026-06-12|website=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;daa sabita n wuhi ni alibalisa daa nyɛla Egypt nima ni ti shɛli jilima. Di yi ti niŋ ka alibalisa yirina yuuni pulini di wuhiri la  Egyptian nima ni  jɛmdi bɛ suuna shɛm. alibalisa lahi nyɛla bɛ ni daa mali shɛli guri Bɛ kpiimba ka bɛ bɛ saɣindi, ka di lebi bɛ ni mali shɛli zali lala maa zuɣu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Warid|first=W.A.|date=1995-03|title=VEGETABLE SPECIES KNOWN TO THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS|url=https://doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1995.391.29|journal=Acta Horticulturae|issue=391|pages=283–290|doi=10.17660/actahortic.1995.391.29|issn=0567-7572}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dabisa ==
Kpamba maa kaani la di dabisa maa n doli  Pope Demetrius (189-231 AD) ni daa zali dabiEaster hɛli ni ti Water maa din kuli yɛn che ka di doli taba .

saha shɛli ,kpiim yirina ban be Giza  puhila mawlid chuɣu n-ti Abu Huraira ka di mini Sham Ennissim puhi fahim yini.

== Kundivihira ==</text>
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        <username>K.D.Nburidiba</username>
        <id>4111</id>
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      <comment>Added a link</comment>
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'''Sham Ennessim''' (Arabic: شم النسيم, ''Sham Ennesim'', IPA: [ˈʃæmm ennɪˈsiːm]) nyɛla chuɣu shɛli din piini yuun' palli shɛli mɔri ni ti pihita, ka [[Egypt]] nima adiini balibu kam puhirili. Lala dabisili maa nyɛla vuhim dabisili n ti [[Egypt]] tingbani maa zaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Asante|first=Molefi Kete|url=http://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00mole|title=Culture and customs of Egypt [electronic resource]|date=2002|publisher=Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-313-05048-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sham Ennessim chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din kuri Easter Monday saha kam, din nyɛ dabsili din kanna Easter nyaaŋa, ka di mini Orthodox asɔri duu maa dɔli&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Asante|first=Molefi Kete|url=http://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00mole|title=Culture and customs of Egypt [electronic resource]|date=2002|publisher=Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-313-05048-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Lala musulim yuli ŋo ''Sham Ennesim'' nyɛla din lebigi n-wuhi &quot; Zephyrs puuni nyɔm&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=al-Nabarawi|first=Ruwaida|date=2019-12-15|title=A unique Seljuk dirham coined in Nishapur in &quot;428 Hijri&quot; in the name of the Majesty prince Tughril Beg|url=https://doi.org/10.36816/jince.002.04|journal=Journal of Islamic Numismatics Center - Egypt|issue=2|pages=67–78|doi=10.36816/jince.002.04|issn=2636-3798}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Chuɣu]] maa nyɛla din ŋmahinli nyɛ kali yɛltɔɣa. Egypt nima nyɛla ban kuri bɛ saha dabisili muni maa zaa n puhiri li, diɛma,kɔduɣili,mɔri shɛhi, din be mɔɣuni,kali bindira shɛŋa bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu ŋɔ puhibu ni n nyɛ ''fesikh'', din miha, ka yɛlim beni, ni za kuma, di mini salaadi, alibalisa vagaha, ni tuya.

Chuɣu shɛli din kali go n gili luɣuli kam ŋo nyɛla din mini chuɣu shɛli din nyɛ gal' duɣira peenti ni la ni miri taba, din tooi nyɛ bɛ ni diri shɛli bee bɛ ni mali shɛli n tiri niriba Naawuni zuɣu.

== Taarihi ==
Chuɣu maa ni kuli n yina shɛli nyɛla din na bɛ tooi n be n ti niriba, dinzuɣu, bɛ puhirili mi Egypt n doli bɛ Egypt yɛl' kura.

Bɛ daa yɛliya ni di saha ŋɔ yuli maa nyɛla din yina bindira kpuɣibu saha,  (Shemu)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=al-Nabarawi|first=Ruwaida|date=2019-12-15|title=A unique Seljuk dirham coined in Nishapur in &quot;428 Hijri&quot; in the name of the Majesty prince Tughril Beg|url=https://doi.org/10.36816/jince.002.04|journal=Journal of Islamic Numismatics Center - Egypt|issue=2|pages=67–78|doi=10.36816/jince.002.04|issn=2636-3798}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ni di saha chuɣu maa maŋmaŋa din kanna yuuni kam mɔri yi ti puhirila bɛ wuhiri di dabisa nyaaŋa ha kamani yuun' tusaa anahi ni kɔbisinu 4,500 years.

Mɔri maa yi ti puhira, Egypt nima lihiri limi ni be yɛl' kura saha kanna. Di wuhiri la kɔbu piligu , binbira saha m bala, kɔbu, n ti pahi bindira kpuɣibu. lala saha maa  wuhirila  Egypt nima biɛhigu ni nyɛ shɛli.

=== Bɛ bindirigu ni wuhiri shɛm ===
Bindiri shɛli bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu maa puhibu saha maa wuhirila  Egypt nima kali ni bɛ yɛl kura&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=غنيم|first=محمد|date=2023-04-17|title=أسرار القاهرة.. أثر الفراعنة لا يزول فى عيد شم النسيم.. الفاطميون والمماليك حافظوا على الطقوس.. الأكلات المقدسة عند المصريين دليل الفرحة.. وثورة 1952 فتحت حدائق القصور الملكية للشعب.. صور|url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2023/4/17/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85/6152676|access-date=2026-06-12|website=اليوم السابع|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;, kamanit, lettuce, din wuhiri dɔɣim yɛl' tɔɣa, ka wuhiri nira ni yɛn nira ni biri ka yɛn che shɛli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=غنيم|first=محمد|date=2023-04-17|title=أسرار القاهرة.. أثر الفراعنة لا يزول فى عيد شم النسيم.. الفاطميون والمماليك حافظوا على الطقوس.. الأكلات المقدسة عند المصريين دليل الفرحة.. وثورة 1952 فتحت حدائق القصور الملكية للشعب.. صور|url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2023/4/17/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85/6152676|access-date=2026-06-12|website=اليوم السابع|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pliny,  Roman nima taarihi tira, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Smith|first=K. Annabelle|title=When Lettuce Was a Sacred Sex Symbol|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/when-lettuce-was-a-sacred-sex-symbol-12271795/|access-date=2026-06-12|website=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;daa sabita n wuhi ni alibalisa daa nyɛla Egypt nima ni ti shɛli jilima. Di yi ti niŋ ka alibalisa yirina yuuni pulini di wuhiri la  Egyptian nima ni  jɛmdi bɛ suuna shɛm. alibalisa lahi nyɛla bɛ ni daa mali shɛli guri Bɛ kpiimba ka bɛ bɛ saɣindi, ka di lebi bɛ ni mali shɛli zali lala maa zuɣu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Warid|first=W.A.|date=1995-03|title=VEGETABLE SPECIES KNOWN TO THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS|url=https://doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1995.391.29|journal=Acta Horticulturae|issue=391|pages=283–290|doi=10.17660/actahortic.1995.391.29|issn=0567-7572}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dabisa ==
Kpamba maa kaani la di dabisa maa n doli  Pope Demetrius (189-231 AD) ni daa zali dabiEaster hɛli ni ti Water maa din kuli yɛn che ka di doli taba .

saha shɛli ,kpiim yirina ban be Giza  puhila mawlid chuɣu n-ti Abu Huraira ka di mini Sham Ennissim puhi fahim yini.

== Kundivihira ==</text>
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        <id>4111</id>
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'''Sham Ennessim''' (Arabic: شم النسيم, ''Sham Ennesim'', IPA: [ˈʃæmm ennɪˈsiːm]) nyɛla chuɣu shɛli din piini yuun' palli shɛli mɔri ni ti pihita, ka [[Egypt]] nima adiini balibu kam puhirili. Lala dabisili maa nyɛla vuhim dabisili n ti [[Egypt]] tingbani maa zaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Asante|first=Molefi Kete|url=http://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00mole|title=Culture and customs of Egypt [electronic resource]|date=2002|publisher=Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-313-05048-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sham Ennessim chuɣu ŋɔ nyɛla din kuri Easter Monday saha kam, din nyɛ dabsili din kanna Easter nyaaŋa, ka di mini Orthodox asɔri duu maa dɔli&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Asante|first=Molefi Kete|url=http://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00mole|title=Culture and customs of Egypt [electronic resource]|date=2002|publisher=Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-313-05048-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Lala musulim yuli ŋo ''Sham Ennesim'' nyɛla din lebigi n-wuhi &quot; Zephyrs puuni nyɔm&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=al-Nabarawi|first=Ruwaida|date=2019-12-15|title=A unique Seljuk dirham coined in Nishapur in &quot;428 Hijri&quot; in the name of the Majesty prince Tughril Beg|url=https://doi.org/10.36816/jince.002.04|journal=Journal of Islamic Numismatics Center - Egypt|issue=2|pages=67–78|doi=10.36816/jince.002.04|issn=2636-3798}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Chuɣu]] maa nyɛla din ŋmahinli nyɛ kali yɛltɔɣa. Egypt nima nyɛla ban kuri bɛ saha dabisili muni maa zaa n puhiri li, diɛma,kɔduɣili,mɔri shɛhi, din be mɔɣuni,kali bindira shɛŋa bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu ŋɔ puhibu ni n nyɛ ''fesikh'', din miha, ka yɛlim beni, ni za kuma, di mini salaadi, alibalisa vagaha, ni tuya.

Chuɣu shɛli din kali go n gili luɣuli kam ŋo nyɛla din mini chuɣu shɛli din nyɛ gal' duɣira peenti ni la ni miri taba, din tooi nyɛ bɛ ni diri shɛli bee bɛ ni mali shɛli n tiri niriba [[Naawuni]] zuɣu.

== Taarihi ==
[[Chuɣu]] maa ni kuli n yina shɛli nyɛla din na bɛ tooi n be n ti niriba, dinzuɣu, bɛ puhirili mi Egypt n doli bɛ [[Egypt]] yɛl' kura.

Bɛ daa yɛliya ni di saha ŋɔ yuli maa nyɛla din yina bindira kpuɣibu saha,  (Shemu)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=al-Nabarawi|first=Ruwaida|date=2019-12-15|title=A unique Seljuk dirham coined in Nishapur in &quot;428 Hijri&quot; in the name of the Majesty prince Tughril Beg|url=https://doi.org/10.36816/jince.002.04|journal=Journal of Islamic Numismatics Center - Egypt|issue=2|pages=67–78|doi=10.36816/jince.002.04|issn=2636-3798}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ni di saha chuɣu maa maŋmaŋa din kanna yuuni kam mɔri yi ti puhirila bɛ wuhiri di dabisa nyaaŋa ha kamani yuun' tusaa anahi ni kɔbisinu 4,500 years.

Mɔri maa yi ti puhira, Egypt nima lihiri limi ni be yɛl' kura saha kanna. Di wuhiri la kɔbu piligu , binbira saha m bala, kɔbu, n ti pahi bindira kpuɣibu. lala saha maa  wuhirila  Egypt nima biɛhigu ni nyɛ shɛli.

=== Bɛ bindirigu ni wuhiri shɛm ===
Bindiri shɛli bɛ ni dira lala chuɣu maa puhibu saha maa wuhirila  Egypt nima kali ni bɛ yɛl kura&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=غنيم|first=محمد|date=2023-04-17|title=أسرار القاهرة.. أثر الفراعنة لا يزول فى عيد شم النسيم.. الفاطميون والمماليك حافظوا على الطقوس.. الأكلات المقدسة عند المصريين دليل الفرحة.. وثورة 1952 فتحت حدائق القصور الملكية للشعب.. صور|url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2023/4/17/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85/6152676|access-date=2026-06-12|website=اليوم السابع|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;, kamanit, lettuce, din wuhiri dɔɣim yɛl' tɔɣa, ka wuhiri nira ni yɛn nira ni biri ka yɛn che shɛli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=غنيم|first=محمد|date=2023-04-17|title=أسرار القاهرة.. أثر الفراعنة لا يزول فى عيد شم النسيم.. الفاطميون والمماليك حافظوا على الطقوس.. الأكلات المقدسة عند المصريين دليل الفرحة.. وثورة 1952 فتحت حدائق القصور الملكية للشعب.. صور|url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2023/4/17/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85/6152676|access-date=2026-06-12|website=اليوم السابع|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pliny,  Roman nima taarihi tira, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Smith|first=K. Annabelle|title=When Lettuce Was a Sacred Sex Symbol|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/when-lettuce-was-a-sacred-sex-symbol-12271795/|access-date=2026-06-12|website=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;daa sabita n wuhi ni alibalisa daa nyɛla Egypt nima ni ti shɛli jilima. Di yi ti niŋ ka alibalisa yirina yuuni pulini di wuhiri la  Egyptian nima ni  jɛmdi bɛ suuna shɛm. alibalisa lahi nyɛla bɛ ni daa mali shɛli guri Bɛ kpiimba ka bɛ bɛ saɣindi, ka di lebi bɛ ni mali shɛli zali lala maa zuɣu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Warid|first=W.A.|date=1995-03|title=VEGETABLE SPECIES KNOWN TO THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS|url=https://doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1995.391.29|journal=Acta Horticulturae|issue=391|pages=283–290|doi=10.17660/actahortic.1995.391.29|issn=0567-7572}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dabisa ==
Kpamba maa kaani la di dabisa maa n doli  Pope Demetrius (189-231 AD) ni daa zali dabiEaster hɛli ni ti Water maa din kuli yɛn che ka di doli taba .

saha shɛli ,kpiim yirina ban be Giza  puhila mawlid chuɣu n-ti Abu Huraira ka di mini Sham Ennissim puhi fahim yini.

== Kundivihira ==</text>
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    <title>Lubudi River (Lualaba tributary)</title>
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      <text bytes="451" sha1="e75aykkzzytdwa9dvd29mn2adnkuz7g" xml:space="preserve">'''Lubudi Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|sw|Mto Lubudi}}) nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Lualaba Mɔɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC). Lubudi mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi miri [[Zambia]]n mini tiŋgbani maa tarisi wulinluhili polo zaŋ n-ti Kolwezi. Di nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo chani n ti chirigiri Lualaba mɔɣili nuzaa zuɣu, ni ka Katanga plateau lu n leei &quot;Upemba Depression&quot; ka miri Bukama.{{sfn|Higginson|1989|p=19}}</text>
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'''Lubudi Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|sw|Mto Lubudi}}) nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Lualaba Mɔɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC). Lubudi mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi miri [[Zambia]]n mini tiŋgbani maa tarisi wulinluhili polo zaŋ n-ti Kolwezi. Di nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo chani n ti chirigiri Lualaba mɔɣili nuzaa zuɣu, ni ka Katanga plateau lu n leei &quot;Upemba Depression&quot; ka miri Bukama.{{sfn|Higginson|1989|p=19}}</text>
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'''Lubudi Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|sw|Mto Lubudi}}) nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Lualaba Mɔɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC). Lubudi mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi miri [[Zambia]]n mini tiŋgbani maa tarisi wulinluhili polo zaŋ n-ti Kolwezi. Di nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo chani n ti chirigiri Lualaba mɔɣili nuzaa zuɣu, ni ka Katanga plateau lu n leei &quot;Upemba Depression&quot; ka miri Bukama.{{sfn|Higginson|1989|p=19}}

=History==

Kamani yuuni 1800, ninvuɣ shɛba ban daa tumdi tahiʒiɛɣu tuma nyɛla ban daa be Lubudi mɔɣili ni ka nyɛ ban daa yina bee be Lunda yaɣili. Lala niriba ŋɔ nyɛla ban mali tahiʒiɛɣu maa chani n ti tiri Naa maa (&quot;Mwant Yav&quot;)  amaa ka gba nyɛ ban daa kɔhiri tahiʒiɛɣu ŋɔ shɛŋa n dari bindira kamani zim mini zahim.{{sfn|von Oppen|1994|p=149}} 19th century piligu, ti`nkpanima ban daa be Lubudi zuɣusaa koŋko nyɛ ban kpalim mali tahiʒiɛɣu ŋɔ chani n ti tiri Mushima Naa, Naa zaŋ n-ti Samba.{{sfn|Reefe|1981|p=100}}</text>
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'''Lubudi Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|sw|Mto Lubudi}}) nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Lualaba Mɔɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC). Lubudi mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi miri [[Zambia]]n mini tiŋgbani maa tarisi wulinluhili polo zaŋ n-ti Kolwezi. Di nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo chani n ti chirigiri Lualaba mɔɣili nuzaa zuɣu, ni ka Katanga plateau lu n leei &quot;Upemba Depression&quot; ka miri Bukama.{{sfn|Higginson|1989|p=19}}

=Taarihi=

Kamani yuuni 1800, ninvuɣ shɛba ban daa tumdi tahiʒiɛɣu tuma nyɛla ban daa be Lubudi mɔɣili ni ka nyɛ ban daa yina bee be Lunda yaɣili. Lala niriba ŋɔ nyɛla ban mali tahiʒiɛɣu maa chani n ti tiri Naa maa (&quot;Mwant Yav&quot;)  amaa ka gba nyɛ ban daa kɔhiri tahiʒiɛɣu ŋɔ shɛŋa n dari bindira kamani zim mini zahim.{{sfn|von Oppen|1994|p=149}} 19th century piligu, ti`nkpanima ban daa be Lubudi zuɣusaa koŋko nyɛ ban kpalim mali tahiʒiɛɣu ŋɔ chani n ti tiri Mushima Naa, Naa zaŋ n-ti Samba.{{sfn|Reefe|1981|p=100}}</text>
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'''Lubudi Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|sw|Mto Lubudi}}) nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Lualaba Mɔɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC). Lubudi mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi miri [[Zambia]]n mini tiŋgbani maa tarisi wulinluhili polo zaŋ n-ti Kolwezi. Di nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo chani n ti chirigiri Lualaba mɔɣili nuzaa zuɣu, ni ka Katanga plateau lu n leei &quot;Upemba Depression&quot; ka miri Bukama.{{sfn|Higginson|1989|p=19}}

=Taarihi=

Kamani yuuni 1800, ninvuɣ shɛba ban daa tumdi tahiʒiɛɣu tuma nyɛla ban daa be Lubudi mɔɣili ni ka nyɛ ban daa yina bee be Lunda yaɣili. Lala niriba ŋɔ nyɛla ban mali tahiʒiɛɣu maa chani n ti tiri Naa maa (&quot;Mwant Yav&quot;)  amaa ka gba nyɛ ban daa kɔhiri tahiʒiɛɣu ŋɔ shɛŋa n dari bindira kamani zim mini zahim.{{sfn|von Oppen|1994|p=149}} 19th century piligu, ti`nkpanima ban daa be Lubudi zuɣusaa koŋko nyɛ ban kpalim mali tahiʒiɛɣu ŋɔ chani n ti tiri Mushima Naa, Naa zaŋ n-ti Samba.{{sfn|Reefe|1981|p=100}}

==References==
{{reflist |colwidth=30em}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=83Oo5-PT45cC&amp;pg=PA19
 |title=A working class in the making: Belgian colonial labor policy, private enterprise, and the African mineworker, 1907-1951
 |first=John |last=Higginson
 |publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press |year=1989 |isbn=0-299-12070-8}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yz8cv9-JlN0C&amp;pg=PA100
 |title=The rainbow and the kings: a history of the Luba Empire to 1891
 |first=Thomas Q. |last=Reefe
 |publisher=University of California Press |year=1981 |isbn=0-520-04140-2}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=an5QqSKNqAgC&amp;pg=PA149
 |title=Terms of trade and terms of trust: the history and contexts of pre-colonial market production around the Upper Zambezi and Kasai
 |first=Achim |last=von Oppen
 |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |year=1994 |isbn=3-89473-246-6}}
{{refend}}
{{Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}

[[Category:Lualaba River]]
[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]


{{DRCongo-river-stub}}</text>
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'''Lubudi Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|sw|Mto Lubudi}}) nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Lualaba Mɔɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC). Lubudi mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi miri [[Zambia]]n mini tiŋgbani maa tarisi wulinluhili polo zaŋ n-ti Kolwezi. Di nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo chani n ti chirigiri Lualaba mɔɣili nuzaa zuɣu, ni ka Katanga plateau lu n leei &quot;Upemba Depression&quot; ka miri Bukama.{{sfn|Higginson|1989|p=19}}

=Taarihi=

Kamani yuuni 1800, ninvuɣ shɛba ban daa tumdi tahiʒiɛɣu tuma nyɛla ban daa be Lubudi mɔɣili ni ka nyɛ ban daa yina bee be Lunda yaɣili. Lala niriba ŋɔ nyɛla ban mali tahiʒiɛɣu maa chani n ti tiri Naa maa (&quot;Mwant Yav&quot;)  amaa ka gba nyɛ ban daa kɔhiri tahiʒiɛɣu ŋɔ shɛŋa n dari bindira kamani zim mini zahim.{{sfn|von Oppen|1994|p=149}} 19th century piligu, ti`nkpanima ban daa be Lubudi zuɣusaa koŋko nyɛ ban kpalim mali tahiʒiɛɣu ŋɔ chani n ti tiri Mushima Naa, Naa zaŋ n-ti Samba.{{sfn|Reefe|1981|p=100}}

==References==
{{reflist |colwidth=30em}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=83Oo5-PT45cC&amp;pg=PA19
 |title=A working class in the making: Belgian colonial labor policy, private enterprise, and the African mineworker, 1907-1951
 |first=John |last=Higginson
 |publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press |year=1989 |isbn=0-299-12070-8}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yz8cv9-JlN0C&amp;pg=PA100
 |title=The rainbow and the kings: a history of the Luba Empire to 1891
 |first=Thomas Q. |last=Reefe
 |publisher=University of California Press |year=1981 |isbn=0-520-04140-2}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=an5QqSKNqAgC&amp;pg=PA149
 |title=Terms of trade and terms of trust: the history and contexts of pre-colonial market production around the Upper Zambezi and Kasai
 |first=Achim |last=von Oppen
 |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |year=1994 |isbn=3-89473-246-6}}
{{refend}}
{{Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}

[[Category:Lualaba River]]
[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]</text>
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'''Lubudi Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|sw|Mto Lubudi}}) nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Lualaba Mɔɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC). Lubudi mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi miri [[Zambia]]n mini tiŋgbani maa tarisi wulinluhili polo zaŋ n-ti Kolwezi. Di nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo chani n ti chirigiri Lualaba mɔɣili nuzaa zuɣu, ni ka Katanga plateau lu n leei &quot;Upemba Depression&quot; ka miri Bukama.{{sfn|Higginson|1989|p=19}}

=Taarihi=

Kamani yuuni 1800, ninvuɣ shɛba ban daa tumdi tahiʒiɛɣu tuma nyɛla ban daa be Lubudi mɔɣili ni ka nyɛ ban daa yina bee be Lunda yaɣili. Lala niriba ŋɔ nyɛla ban mali tahiʒiɛɣu maa chani n ti tiri Naa maa (&quot;Mwant Yav&quot;)  amaa ka gba nyɛ ban daa kɔhiri tahiʒiɛɣu ŋɔ shɛŋa n dari bindira kamani zim mini zahim.{{sfn|von Oppen|1994|p=149}} 19th century piligu, ti`nkpanima ban daa be Lubudi zuɣusaa koŋko nyɛ ban kpalim mali tahiʒiɛɣu ŋɔ chani n ti tiri Mushima Naa, Naa zaŋ n-ti Samba.{{sfn|Reefe|1981|p=100}}

==References==
{{reflist |colwidth=30em}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=83Oo5-PT45cC&amp;pg=PA19
 |title=A working class in the making: Belgian colonial labor policy, private enterprise, and the African mineworker, 1907-1951
 |first=John |last=Higginson
 |publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press |year=1989 |isbn=0-299-12070-8}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yz8cv9-JlN0C&amp;pg=PA100
 |title=The rainbow and the kings: a history of the Luba Empire to 1891
 |first=Thomas Q. |last=Reefe
 |publisher=University of California Press |year=1981 |isbn=0-520-04140-2}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=an5QqSKNqAgC&amp;pg=PA149
 |title=Terms of trade and terms of trust: the history and contexts of pre-colonial market production around the Upper Zambezi and Kasai
 |first=Achim |last=von Oppen
 |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |year=1994 |isbn=3-89473-246-6}}
{{refend}}


[[Category:Lualaba River]]
[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]</text>
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'''Lubudi Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|sw|Mto Lubudi}}) nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Lualaba Mɔɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC). Lubudi mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi miri [[Zambia]]n mini tiŋgbani maa tarisi wulinluhili polo zaŋ n-ti Kolwezi. Di nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo chani n ti chirigiri Lualaba mɔɣili nuzaa zuɣu, ni ka Katanga plateau lu n leei &quot;Upemba Depression&quot; ka miri Bukama.{{sfn|Higginson|1989|p=19}}

=Taarihi=

Kamani yuuni 1800, ninvuɣ shɛba ban daa tumdi tahiʒiɛɣu tuma nyɛla ban daa be Lubudi mɔɣili ni ka nyɛ ban daa yina bee be Lunda yaɣili. Lala niriba ŋɔ nyɛla ban mali tahiʒiɛɣu maa chani n ti tiri Naa maa (&quot;Mwant Yav&quot;)  amaa ka gba nyɛ ban daa kɔhiri tahiʒiɛɣu ŋɔ shɛŋa n dari bindira kamani zim mini zahim.{{sfn|von Oppen|1994|p=149}} 19th century piligu, ti`nkpanima ban daa be Lubudi zuɣusaa koŋko nyɛ ban kpalim mali tahiʒiɛɣu ŋɔ chani n ti tiri Mushima Naa, Naa zaŋ n-ti Samba.{{sfn|Reefe|1981|p=100}}

==Kundivihira ==
{{reflist |colwidth=30em}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=83Oo5-PT45cC&amp;pg=PA19
 |title=A working class in the making: Belgian colonial labor policy, private enterprise, and the African mineworker, 1907-1951
 |first=John |last=Higginson
 |publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press |year=1989 |isbn=0-299-12070-8}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yz8cv9-JlN0C&amp;pg=PA100
 |title=The rainbow and the kings: a history of the Luba Empire to 1891
 |first=Thomas Q. |last=Reefe
 |publisher=University of California Press |year=1981 |isbn=0-520-04140-2}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=an5QqSKNqAgC&amp;pg=PA149
 |title=Terms of trade and terms of trust: the history and contexts of pre-colonial market production around the Upper Zambezi and Kasai
 |first=Achim |last=von Oppen
 |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |year=1994 |isbn=3-89473-246-6}}
{{refend}}


[[Category:Lualaba River]]
[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]</text>
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'''Lubudi Mɔɣili'''  ({{langx|sw|Mto Lubudi}}) nyɛla mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Lualaba Mɔɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC). Lubudi mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi miri [[Zambia]]n mini tiŋgbani maa tarisi wulinluhili polo zaŋ n-ti Kolwezi. Di nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo chani n ti chirigiri Lualaba mɔɣili nuzaa zuɣu, ni ka Katanga plateau lu n leei &quot;Upemba Depression&quot; ka miri Bukama.{{sfn|Higginson|1989|p=19}}

=Taarihi=

Kamani yuuni 1800, ninvuɣ shɛba ban daa tumdi tahiʒiɛɣu tuma nyɛla ban daa be Lubudi mɔɣili ni ka nyɛ ban daa yina bee be Lunda yaɣili. Lala niriba ŋɔ nyɛla ban mali tahiʒiɛɣu maa chani n ti tiri Naa maa (&quot;Mwant Yav&quot;)  amaa ka gba nyɛ ban daa kɔhiri tahiʒiɛɣu ŋɔ shɛŋa n dari bindira kamani zim mini zahim.{{sfn|von Oppen|1994|p=149}} 19th century piligu, ti`nkpanima ban daa be Lubudi zuɣusaa koŋko nyɛ ban kpalim mali tahiʒiɛɣu ŋɔ chani n ti tiri Mushima Naa, Naa zaŋ n-ti Samba.{{sfn|Reefe|1981|p=100}}

==Kundivihira ==
{{reflist |colwidth=30em}}

==Din yi shɛli na ==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=83Oo5-PT45cC&amp;pg=PA19
 |title=A working class in the making: Belgian colonial labor policy, private enterprise, and the African mineworker, 1907-1951
 |first=John |last=Higginson
 |publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press |year=1989 |isbn=0-299-12070-8}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yz8cv9-JlN0C&amp;pg=PA100
 |title=The rainbow and the kings: a history of the Luba Empire to 1891
 |first=Thomas Q. |last=Reefe
 |publisher=University of California Press |year=1981 |isbn=0-520-04140-2}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=an5QqSKNqAgC&amp;pg=PA149
 |title=Terms of trade and terms of trust: the history and contexts of pre-colonial market production around the Upper Zambezi and Kasai
 |first=Achim |last=von Oppen
 |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |year=1994 |isbn=3-89473-246-6}}
{{refend}}


[[Category:Lualaba River]]
[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]</text>
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    <title>List of river systems by length</title>
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      <text bytes="4746" sha1="jjbmmpyhxqr5h7bxgdu4tvgtd7y0g4y" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Nile.jpg|right|thumb|upright=1.15|The [[Nile]] as seen from a cruise boat between [[Luxor]] and [[Aswan]] in [[Egypt]]]]
[[File:1855 Colton Map or Chart of the World's Mountains and Rivers - Geographicus - MtsRvrs2-colton-1855.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Chart of the World's Mountains and Rivers by [[J. H. Colton]], 1855]]
Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla '''mɔɣa di waɣa pam dunia zaa yuya'''. Di nyɛla din pahi mɔɣ'shɛŋa din waɣilim paai kilomitanima 1,000.

==Definition of length==
Binyɛra pam beni di gbaai bahindi mɔɣili maa pili shee baŋbu,&lt;ref name=&quot;amazon-river-source&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/02/140213-amazon-river-length-source-maps-science/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215030338/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/02/140213-amazon-river-length-source-maps-science/|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 15, 2014|title=Where Does the Amazon River Begin?|date=2014-02-15|website=National Geographic News|access-date=2018-12-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; koli'noli maa baŋbu n ti pahi waɣilim zahimbu&lt;ref&gt;for more on this, see [[coastline paradox]]&lt;/ref&gt; zaŋ n-ti mɔɣili waɣilim bin din gbaai di piligu zaŋ hali ni di kolinoli shee, din bɔŋɔ nyɛ din wuhiri mɔɣili waɣilim ni nyɛ shɛm. Lala zuɣu mɔɣa pam zahimbu kuli nyɛla buɣisibu. Nangbankpeeni nyɛla din beni zaŋ jandi dunia zaa mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari mɔɣili kam dama shɛba ʒimi ni Nile&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-nile&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nile-River|title=Nile River|year=2020|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=8 December 2020|archive-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010201930/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nile-River|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka shɛba mi yɛlli ni Amazon.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-amazon&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Amazon-River|title=Amazon River|year=2020|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=8 December 2020|archive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108222644/https://www.britannica.com/place/Amazon-River|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Nile ŋɔ  nyɛ so'kam ni daa na saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari mɔɣili kam dunia zaa amaa yuuni 2007 mini yuuni 2008 tabibi baŋdi shɛba nyɛla ban daa yɛlli ni  Amazon nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari mɔɣili kam dunia zaa&lt;ref name=&quot;AmazonRiver&quot;&gt;[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html Amazon Longer Than Nile River, Scientists Say] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815112238/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html |date=15 August 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc-amazon&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6759291.stm|title=Amazon river 'longer than Nile'|date=16 June 2007|access-date=3 August 2010|publisher=BBC News|archive-date=26 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926054938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6759291.stm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;inpe&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.inpe.br/ingles/news/news_dest29.php|title=Studies from INPE indicate that the Amazon River is 140km longer than the Nile|publisher=Brazilian National Institute for Space Research|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411011122/http://www.inpe.br/ingles/news/news_dest29.php|archive-date=11 April 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=3 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; din daa niŋ ka bɛ zahim li nyaaŋa.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-amazon-length&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/story/how-long-is-the-amazon-river|title=How Long Is the Amazon River?|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2018-12-24|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224171204/https://www.britannica.com/story/how-long-is-the-amazon-river|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lahabali shɛli bɛ ni daa zaŋ wuhi salo yuuni 2009 ka nyɛ din be ''International Journal of Digital Earth'' nyɛla din wuhi ni Nile nyɛ mɔɣili din waɣa gari mɔɣa zaa din be dunia.&lt;ref name=&quot;liu-etal-river-length&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Liu|first1=Shaochuang|last2=Lu|first2=P|last3=Liu|first3=D|last4=Jin|first4=P|last5=Wang|first5=W|date=2009-03-01|title=Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220473241|journal=Int. J. Digit. Earth|volume=2|issue=1|pages=80–87|doi=10.1080/17538940902746082|bibcode=2009IJDE....2...80L|s2cid=27548511|access-date=2018-12-24|archive-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223211543/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220473241_Pinpointing_the_sources_and_measuring_the_lengths_of_the_principal_rivers_of_the_world|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="4752" sha1="6hcw6ynhsodbrk2iqqk1pe5j41y32hs" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Nile.jpg|right|thumb|upright=1.15|The [[Nile]] as seen from a cruise boat between [[Luxor]] and [[Aswan]] in [[Egypt]]]]
[[File:1855 Colton Map or Chart of the World's Mountains and Rivers - Geographicus - MtsRvrs2-colton-1855.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Chart of the World's Mountains and Rivers by [[J. H. Colton]], 1855]]
Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla '''mɔɣa di waɣa pam dunia zaa yuya'''. Di nyɛla din pahi mɔɣ'shɛŋa din waɣilim paai kilomitanima 1,000.

==Gbunni zaŋ n-ti waɣilim ==
Binyɛra pam beni di gbaai bahindi mɔɣili maa pili shee baŋbu,&lt;ref name=&quot;amazon-river-source&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/02/140213-amazon-river-length-source-maps-science/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215030338/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/02/140213-amazon-river-length-source-maps-science/|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 15, 2014|title=Where Does the Amazon River Begin?|date=2014-02-15|website=National Geographic News|access-date=2018-12-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; koli'noli maa baŋbu n ti pahi waɣilim zahimbu&lt;ref&gt;for more on this, see [[coastline paradox]]&lt;/ref&gt; zaŋ n-ti mɔɣili waɣilim bin din gbaai di piligu zaŋ hali ni di kolinoli shee, din bɔŋɔ nyɛ din wuhiri mɔɣili waɣilim ni nyɛ shɛm. Lala zuɣu mɔɣa pam zahimbu kuli nyɛla buɣisibu. Nangbankpeeni nyɛla din beni zaŋ jandi dunia zaa mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari mɔɣili kam dama shɛba ʒimi ni Nile&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-nile&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nile-River|title=Nile River|year=2020|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=8 December 2020|archive-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010201930/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nile-River|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka shɛba mi yɛlli ni Amazon.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-amazon&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Amazon-River|title=Amazon River|year=2020|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=8 December 2020|archive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108222644/https://www.britannica.com/place/Amazon-River|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Nile ŋɔ  nyɛ so'kam ni daa na saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari mɔɣili kam dunia zaa amaa yuuni 2007 mini yuuni 2008 tabibi baŋdi shɛba nyɛla ban daa yɛlli ni  Amazon nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari mɔɣili kam dunia zaa&lt;ref name=&quot;AmazonRiver&quot;&gt;[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html Amazon Longer Than Nile River, Scientists Say] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815112238/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html |date=15 August 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc-amazon&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6759291.stm|title=Amazon river 'longer than Nile'|date=16 June 2007|access-date=3 August 2010|publisher=BBC News|archive-date=26 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926054938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6759291.stm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;inpe&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.inpe.br/ingles/news/news_dest29.php|title=Studies from INPE indicate that the Amazon River is 140km longer than the Nile|publisher=Brazilian National Institute for Space Research|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411011122/http://www.inpe.br/ingles/news/news_dest29.php|archive-date=11 April 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=3 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; din daa niŋ ka bɛ zahim li nyaaŋa.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-amazon-length&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/story/how-long-is-the-amazon-river|title=How Long Is the Amazon River?|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2018-12-24|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224171204/https://www.britannica.com/story/how-long-is-the-amazon-river|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lahabali shɛli bɛ ni daa zaŋ wuhi salo yuuni 2009 ka nyɛ din be ''International Journal of Digital Earth'' nyɛla din wuhi ni Nile nyɛ mɔɣili din waɣa gari mɔɣa zaa din be dunia.&lt;ref name=&quot;liu-etal-river-length&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Liu|first1=Shaochuang|last2=Lu|first2=P|last3=Liu|first3=D|last4=Jin|first4=P|last5=Wang|first5=W|date=2009-03-01|title=Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220473241|journal=Int. J. Digit. Earth|volume=2|issue=1|pages=80–87|doi=10.1080/17538940902746082|bibcode=2009IJDE....2...80L|s2cid=27548511|access-date=2018-12-24|archive-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223211543/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220473241_Pinpointing_the_sources_and_measuring_the_lengths_of_the_principal_rivers_of_the_world|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="90063" sha1="7quu6upxv28rbpw7fmixlo6mlyckdl4" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Nile.jpg|right|thumb|upright=1.15|The [[Nile]] as seen from a cruise boat between [[Luxor]] and [[Aswan]] in [[Egypt]]]]
[[File:1855 Colton Map or Chart of the World's Mountains and Rivers - Geographicus - MtsRvrs2-colton-1855.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Chart of the World's Mountains and Rivers by [[J. H. Colton]], 1855]]
Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla '''mɔɣa di waɣa pam dunia zaa yuya'''. Di nyɛla din pahi mɔɣ'shɛŋa din waɣilim paai kilomitanima 1,000.

==Gbunni zaŋ n-ti waɣilim ==
Binyɛra pam beni di gbaai bahindi mɔɣili maa pili shee baŋbu,&lt;ref name=&quot;amazon-river-source&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/02/140213-amazon-river-length-source-maps-science/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215030338/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/02/140213-amazon-river-length-source-maps-science/|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 15, 2014|title=Where Does the Amazon River Begin?|date=2014-02-15|website=National Geographic News|access-date=2018-12-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; koli'noli maa baŋbu n ti pahi waɣilim zahimbu&lt;ref&gt;for more on this, see [[coastline paradox]]&lt;/ref&gt; zaŋ n-ti mɔɣili waɣilim bin din gbaai di piligu zaŋ hali ni di kolinoli shee, din bɔŋɔ nyɛ din wuhiri mɔɣili waɣilim ni nyɛ shɛm. Lala zuɣu mɔɣa pam zahimbu kuli nyɛla buɣisibu. Nangbankpeeni nyɛla din beni zaŋ jandi dunia zaa mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari mɔɣili kam dama shɛba ʒimi ni Nile&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-nile&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nile-River|title=Nile River|year=2020|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=8 December 2020|archive-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010201930/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nile-River|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka shɛba mi yɛlli ni Amazon.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-amazon&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Amazon-River|title=Amazon River|year=2020|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=8 December 2020|archive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108222644/https://www.britannica.com/place/Amazon-River|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Nile ŋɔ  nyɛ so'kam ni daa na saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari mɔɣili kam dunia zaa amaa yuuni 2007 mini yuuni 2008 tabibi baŋdi shɛba nyɛla ban daa yɛlli ni  Amazon nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari mɔɣili kam dunia zaa&lt;ref name=&quot;AmazonRiver&quot;&gt;[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html Amazon Longer Than Nile River, Scientists Say] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815112238/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html |date=15 August 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc-amazon&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6759291.stm|title=Amazon river 'longer than Nile'|date=16 June 2007|access-date=3 August 2010|publisher=BBC News|archive-date=26 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926054938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6759291.stm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;inpe&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.inpe.br/ingles/news/news_dest29.php|title=Studies from INPE indicate that the Amazon River is 140km longer than the Nile|publisher=Brazilian National Institute for Space Research|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411011122/http://www.inpe.br/ingles/news/news_dest29.php|archive-date=11 April 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=3 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; din daa niŋ ka bɛ zahim li nyaaŋa.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-amazon-length&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/story/how-long-is-the-amazon-river|title=How Long Is the Amazon River?|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2018-12-24|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224171204/https://www.britannica.com/story/how-long-is-the-amazon-river|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lahabali shɛli bɛ ni daa zaŋ wuhi salo yuuni 2009 ka nyɛ din be ''International Journal of Digital Earth'' nyɛla din wuhi ni Nile nyɛ mɔɣili din waɣa gari mɔɣa zaa din be dunia.&lt;ref name=&quot;liu-etal-river-length&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Liu|first1=Shaochuang|last2=Lu|first2=P|last3=Liu|first3=D|last4=Jin|first4=P|last5=Wang|first5=W|date=2009-03-01|title=Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220473241|journal=Int. J. Digit. Earth|volume=2|issue=1|pages=80–87|doi=10.1080/17538940902746082|bibcode=2009IJDE....2...80L|s2cid=27548511|access-date=2018-12-24|archive-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223211543/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220473241_Pinpointing_the_sources_and_measuring_the_lengths_of_the_principal_rivers_of_the_world|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==List of river systems longer than 1,000 km==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Legend of colors used in main table, by continent
! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot;| [[Continent]] color key
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; |[[Geography of Africa|Africa]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; |[[Geography of Asia|Asia]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot; |[[Geography of Australia|Australia]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; |[[Geography of Europe|Europe]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; |[[Geography of North America|North America]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; |[[Geography of South America|South America]]
|}

{{Sticky header}}
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable sticky-header&quot;
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| Rank
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| River
!scope=&quot;col&quot; data-sort-type=number| Length (km)
!scope=&quot;col&quot; data-sort-type=number| Length (miles)
!scope=&quot;col&quot; data-sort-type=number| [[Drainage area]]&lt;br/&gt;(km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;br/&gt;{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}
!scope=&quot;col&quot; data-sort-type=number| Average [[Discharge (hydrology)|discharge]]&lt;br/&gt;(m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s)&lt;br/&gt;{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| Outflow
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| [[country|Countries]] in the drainage basin {{citation needed|date=January 2015}}
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 1.
|[[Nile]]–[[White Nile]]–[[Kagera River|Kagera]]–[[Nyabarongo River|Nyabarongo]]–[[Mwogo River|Mwogo]]–[[Rukarara River|Rukarara]]{{refn|The Nile is usually said to be the longest river in the world, with a length of about 6,650&amp;nbsp;km,&lt;ref name=britannica-nile/&gt; and the Amazon the second longest, with a length of at least 6,400&amp;nbsp;km.&lt;ref name=britannica-amazon/&gt; In 2007 and 2008, some scientists claimed that the Amazon has a length of 6,992&amp;nbsp;km and was longer than the Nile, whose length was calculated as 6,853&amp;nbsp;km.&lt;ref name=bbc-amazon/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Roach|first1=John|title=Amazon Longer Than Nile River, Scientists Say|date=18 June 2007 |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822042725/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 22, 2007|publisher=National Geographic|access-date=4 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=inpe/&gt; They achieved this result by adding the waterway from the Amazon's southern outlet through tidal canals and the Pará estuary of the Tocantins.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020|reason=This seems to be original research.}} The dispute is: &quot;Is the channel south of Isla de Marajó to be treated as part of the Amazon, or as part of the Rio Tocantins?&quot;{{Citation needed|date=December 2020|reason=This seems to be original research.}}
A [[Peer review|peer-reviewed]] article, published in 2009, states a length of 7,088&amp;nbsp;km for the Nile and 6,575&amp;nbsp;km for the Amazon, measured by using a combination of satellite image analysis and field investigations to the source regions.&lt;ref name=liu-etal-river-length/&gt;
According to the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', as of 2020, the length of the Amazon remains open to interpretation and continued debate.&lt;ref name=britannica-amazon/&gt;&lt;ref name=britannica-amazon-length/&gt; 
Note that disputed values have been put in parentheses.|name=longest|group=n}}
|6,650&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-nile&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(7,088)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=liu-etal-river-length/&gt;
|4,130&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-nile&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(4,404)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=liu-etal-river-length/&gt;
|3,254,555&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-02-17 |title=EarthTrends: The Environmental Information Portal |url=http://earthtrends.wri.org:80/maps_spatial/maps_detail_static.php?map_select=299&amp;theme=2 |access-date=2024-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217110756/http://earthtrends.wri.org:80/maps_spatial/maps_detail_static.php?map_select=299&amp;theme=2 |archive-date=17 February 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2,490&lt;ref name=&quot;Water accounting in the Nile River Basin&quot;&gt;{{cite report|url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/ca9895en|title=Water accounting in the Nile River Basin|publisher=FAO|pages=70|isbn=978-92-5-132982-5|date=2021|doi=10.4060/ca9895en|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]
|[[Ethiopia]], [[Eritrea]], [[Sudan]], [[Uganda]], [[Tanzania]], [[Kenya]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Egypt]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[South Sudan]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 2.
|[[Amazon River|Amazon]]–[[Ucayali River|Ucayali]]–[[Tambo River (Peru)|Tambo]]–[[Ene River|Ene]]–[[Mantaro River|Mantaro]]&lt;ref name=longest group=n/&gt;
|6,400&lt;ref name=britannica-amazon/&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(6,575)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=liu-etal-river-length/&gt;
|3,976&lt;ref name=britannica-amazon/&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(4,086)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=liu-etal-river-length/&gt;
|7,000,000&lt;ref name=britannica-amazon/&gt;
|230,000&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Texto original em pdf - melhor para a leitura |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.48075/amb.v2i1.23299.s4179 |access-date=2024-11-18 |doi=10.48075/amb.v2i1.23299.s4179 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Atlantic Ocean]]
|[[Brazil]], [[Peru]], [[Colombia]]

|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 3.
|[[Yangtze]]–[[Jinsha River|Jinsha]]–[[Tongtian River|Tongtian]]–[[Dangqu]] &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Chang Jiang)&lt;/small&gt;
|6,300&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(6,418)&lt;/small&gt;
|3,917&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(3,988)&lt;/small&gt;
|1,970,000&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivers Network - Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&amp;id=222&amp;catid=373&amp;Itemid=179|title=Rivers Network - Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Untitled Document |url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/eng-shuzi2003/gq/dili5.htm |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=www.china.org.cn}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|31,900&lt;ref name=&quot;Sediment sink-source transitions in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River estuary&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=Sediment sink-source transitions in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River estuary|last1=Yunping|first1=Yang|last2=Mingjin|first2=Zhang|last3=Jinhai|first3=Zheng|last4=Lingling|first4=Zhu|journal=Frontiers in Marine Science|year=2023|volume=10 | doi = 10.3389/fmars.2023.1201533 | doi-access = free|bibcode=2023FrMaS..1001533Y }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hydrological Cycle Volume III&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UAmCCwAAQBAJ|title=Hydrological Cycle Volume III|last1=Igor Alekseevich|first1=Shiklomanov|isbn=978-1-84826-026-9|year=2009|publisher=EOLSS Publications }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Zengxin |last2=Tao |first2=Hui |last3=Zhang |first3=Qiang |last4=Zhang |first4=Jinchi |last5=Forher |first5=Nicola |last6=Hörmann |first6=Georg |date=July 2010 |title=Moisture budget variations in the Yangtze River Basin, China, and possible associations with large-scale circulation |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00477-009-0338-7 |journal=Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment |language=en |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=579–589 |doi=10.1007/s00477-009-0338-7 |bibcode=2010SERRA..24..579Z |issn=1436-3240|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[East China Sea]]
|[[China]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 4.
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]–[[Missouri River|Missouri]]–[[Jefferson River|Jefferson]]–[[Beaverhead River|Beaverhead]]–[[Red Rock River (Montana)|Red Rock]]–[[Hell Roaring Creek|Hell Roaring]]
|6,275&lt;br&gt;
|3,902&lt;br&gt;
|3,248,000
|21,300&lt;ref name=&quot;Variability of Carbon Export in the Lower Mississippi River during an Extreme Cold and Warm Year&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Water|doi=10.3390/w14193044|last1=Lee|first1=Potter|last2=Y. Jun|first2=Xu|title=Variability of Carbon Export in the Lower Mississippi River during an Extreme Cold and Warm Year|date=2022|volume=14|issue=19|page=3044 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022Water..14.3044P }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;US&quot; /&gt;
|[[Gulf of Mexico]]
|[[United States]] (98.5%), [[Canada]] (1.5%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 5.
|[[Yenisey]]–[[Angara]]–[[Selenga]]–[[Ider River|Ider]]
|5,539
|3,445
|2,580,000&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Stadnyk |first1=Tricia A. |last2=Tefs |first2=A. |last3=Broesky |first3=M. |last4=Déry |first4=S. J. |last5=Myers |first5=P. G. |last6=Ridenour |first6=N. A. |last7=Koenig |first7=K. |last8=Vonderbank |first8=L. |last9=Gustafsson |first9=D. |date=2021-05-28 |title=Changing freshwater contributions to the Arctic |url=https://online.ucpress.edu/elementa/article/9/1/00098/117201/Changing-freshwater-contributions-to-the-ArcticA |journal=Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |language=en |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=00098 |doi=10.1525/elementa.2020.00098 |bibcode=2021EleSA...9...98S |issn=2325-1026|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20,200&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Kara Sea]]
|[[Russia]] (97%), [[Mongolia]] (2.9%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 6.
|[[Yellow River]] &lt;small&gt;(Huang He)&lt;/small&gt;
|5,464
|3,395
|752,546
|2,571
|[[Bohai Sea]]
|China
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 7.
|[[Ob (river)|Ob]]–[[Irtysh]]
|5,410
|3,364
|2,990,000&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|13,100&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Gulf of Ob]]
|Russia, [[Kazakhstan]], China, Mongolia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 8.
|[[Río de la Plata]]–[[Paraná River|Paraná]]–[[Rio Grande (Paraná River)|Rio Grande]]&lt;ref name=britannica&gt;{{cite web |title= Río de la Plata |publisher= [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url= https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/463804/Rio-de-la-Plata |access-date= 11 August 2010 |archive-date= 9 May 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150509112732/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/463804/Rio-de-la-Plata |url-status= live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|4,880&lt;br&gt;
|3,030&lt;br&gt;
|3,182,064&lt;ref name=&quot;Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://iwlearn.net/resolveuid/92c8003b-1b64-424e-b251-602185ffa061|title=Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|27,225&lt;ref name=&quot;Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://iwlearn.net/resolveuid/92c8003b-1b64-424e-b251-602185ffa061|title=Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Río de la Plata]]
|Brazil (46.7%), [[Argentina]] (27.7%), [[Paraguay]] (13.5%), Bolivia (8.3%), [[Uruguay]] (3.8%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 9.
|[[Congo River|Congo]]–[[Lualaba River|Lualaba]]-[[Luvua River|Luvua]]-[[Luapula River|Luapula]]-[[Chambeshi River|Chambeshi]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Zaïre)&lt;/small&gt;
|4,700&lt;br&gt;
|2,922&lt;br&gt;
|3,680,000
|41,400&lt;ref name=&quot;Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Hydrometeorology|doi=10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003&lt;0660:EOFDFC&gt;2.0.CO;2|url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/hydr/3/6/1525-7541_2002_003_0660_eofdfc_2_0_co_2.xml|last1=Aiguo|first1=Dai|last2=Kevin|first2=E. Trenberth|title=Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations|date=2002|volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=660–687|bibcode=2002JHyMe...3..660D }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Atlantic Ocean
|Democratic Republic of the Congo, [[Central African Republic]], [[Angola]], [[Republic of the Congo]], [[Tanzania]], [[Cameroon]], [[Zambia]], [[Burundi]], [[Rwanda]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 10.
|[[Amur]]–[[Argun (Amur)|Argun]]
&lt;small&gt;(Heilong Jiang)&lt;/small&gt;
|4,444
|2,763
|1,855,000
|12,360&lt;ref name=&quot;Intra-Seasonal Variability&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Remote Sensing|title=Intra-Seasonal Variability of Sea Level on the Southwestern Bering Sea Shelf and Its Impact on the East Kamchatka and East Sakhalin Currents|doi=10.3390/rs15204984|volume=15|issue=20|last1=Andrey|first1=Andreev|year=2023|page=4984 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023RemS...15.4984A }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Sea of Okhotsk]]
|Russia, China, Mongolia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 11.
|[[Lena (river)|Lena]]
|4,400
|2,736
|2,490,000&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|18,300&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Laptev Sea]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 12.
|[[Mekong]] &lt;small&gt;(Lancang Jiang)&lt;/small&gt;
|4,350
|2,705
|810,000
|16,010&lt;ref name=&quot;Hydrological Cycle Volume III&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UAmCCwAAQBAJ|title=Hydrological Cycle Volume III|last1=Igor Alekseevich|first1=Shiklomanov|isbn=978-1-84826-026-9|year=2009|publisher=EOLSS Publications }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[South China Sea]]
|China, [[Myanmar]], [[Laos]], [[Thailand]], [[Cambodia]], [[Vietnam]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 13.
|[[Mackenzie River|Mackenzie]]–[[Slave River|Slave]]–[[Peace River (Canada)|Peace]]–[[Finlay River|Finlay]]
|4,241
|2,637
|1,805,200&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|9,800&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Beaufort Sea]]
|Canada
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 14.
|[[Niger River|Niger]]
|4,200
|2,611
|2,117,700&lt;ref name=&quot;Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin&quot;&gt;{{cite book |url=https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1274en |title=Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin |year=2020 |doi=10.4060/cb1274en |isbn=978-92-5-133378-5|s2cid=242320135 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|8,570&lt;ref name=&quot;Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin&quot;&gt;{{cite book |url=https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1274en |title=Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin |year=2020 |doi=10.4060/cb1274en |isbn=978-92-5-133378-5|s2cid=242320135 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Gulf of Guinea]]
|[[Nigeria]] (26.6%), [[Mali]] (25.6%), [[Niger]] (23.6%), [[Algeria]] (7.6%), [[Guinea]] (4.5%), [[Cameroon]] (4.2%), [[Burkina Faso]] (3.9%), [[Côte d'Ivoire]], [[Benin]], [[Chad]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 15.
|[[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]]–[[Yarlung Tsangpo]]
|3,969
|2,466
|712,035
|27,000&lt;ref name=&quot;Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Water Resources Development|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07900627.2019.1579705|title=Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia|last1=Golam|first1=Rasul|last2=Nilhari|first2=Neupane|last3=Abid|first3= Hussain|last4=Binaya|first4=Pasakhala|volume=37|issue=3|doi=10.1080/07900627.2019.1579705|year=2019|pages=466–490 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;xinhua&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-08/22/c_131067137.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230065600/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-08/22/c_131067137.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=December 30, 2013 | title=Scientists pinpoint sources of four major international rivers | publisher=[[Xinhua News Agency]] | date=22 August 2011 | access-date=8 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;britannican&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Brahmaputra-River |title=Brahmaputra River |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=2017-04-11 |archive-date=2020-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426144608/https://www.britannica.com/place/Brahmaputra-River |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Ganges]]
|[[India]] (58.0%), China (28.8%), [[Bangladesh]] (6.6%), Disputed India/China (4.2%), [[Bhutan]] (2.4%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot;| 16.
|[[Murray River|Murray]]–[[Darling River|Darling]]–[[Culgoa River|Culgoa]]–[[Balonne River|Balonne]]–[[Condamine River|Condamine]]
|3,672&lt;ref name=geoaus&gt;{{cite web|title=Longest Rivers|date=15 May 2014|url=http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/geographic-information/landforms/longest-rivers|publisher=Geoscience Australia|access-date=9 February 2021|archive-date=5 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905170020/http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/geographic-information/landforms/longest-rivers|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2,282
|1,061,000
|767
|Southern Ocean
|Australia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 17.
|[[Tocantins River|Tocantins]]–[[Araguaia River|Araguaia]]
|3,650
|2,270
|950,000
|17,600&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Atlantic Ocean ([[Marajó Bay]]), [[Amazon Delta]]
|Brazil
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot;| 18.
|[[Volga]]
|3,645
|2,266
|1,380,000
|8,380&lt;ref name=&quot;THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=http://isi.irtces.org/isi/rootfiles/2017/07/04/1496391629451299-1498713525725099.pdf|title=THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT|last1=Valentin|first1=Golosov|last2=Vladimir|first2=Belayev|year=2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Caspian Sea]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 19.
|[[Shatt al-Arab]]–[[Euphrates]]–[[Murat River|Murat]]
|3,596
|2,236
|938,173&lt;ref name=&quot;General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=International Journal of Water|url=https://faculty.uobasrah.edu.iq/uploads/publications/1586448033.pdf|doi=10.1504/IJW.2019.106049|title=General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq|last1=Safaa|first1=Al-Asadi|last2=Abdulzahra|first2=Alhello|volume=13|pages=360–375|year=2019|issue=4 |bibcode=2019IJWat..13..360A }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|3,350&lt;ref name=&quot;General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=International Journal of Water|url=https://faculty.uobasrah.edu.iq/uploads/publications/1586448033.pdf|doi=10.1504/IJW.2019.106049|title=General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq|last1=Safaa|first1=Al-Asadi|last2=Abdulzahra|first2=Alhello|volume=13|pages=360–375|year=2019|issue=4 |bibcode=2019IJWat..13..360A }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Persian Gulf]]
|[[Iraq]], [[Turkey]], [[Syria]], [[Iran]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 20.
|[[Madeira River|Madeira]]–[[Mamoré River|Mamoré]]–[[Río Grande (Bolivia)|Grande]]–[[Caine River|Caine]]–[[Rocha River|Rocha]]
|3,380
|2,100
|1,485,200
|31,200&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Brazil, Bolivia, Peru
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 21.
|[[Purús River|Purús]]
|3,211
|1,995
|376,600&lt;ref name=&quot;PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%25C3%25B3stico-Progn%25C3%25B3stico-e-Cen%25C3%25A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III|date=Jan 2019|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|11,207&lt;ref name=&quot;PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%25C3%25B3stico-Progn%25C3%25B3stico-e-Cen%25C3%25A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III|date=Jan 2019|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Brazil, Peru
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 22.
|[[Yukon River|Yukon]]
|3,185
|1,980&lt;ref name=US&gt;{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/ofr87-242/|title=Largest Rivers in the United States|last=J.C. Kammerer|date=1 September 2005|publisher=US Geological Survey|access-date=25 January 2015|archive-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513200054/https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/ofr87-242/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|854,700&lt;ref name=&quot;DISTRIBUTION AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF JUVENILE SALMON AND OTHER FISHES IN THE YUKON DELTA&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://espis.boem.gov/final%20reports/86.pdf|title=DISTRIBUTION AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF JUVENILE SALMON AND OTHER FISHES IN THE YUKON DELTA|last1=Douglas|first1=J. Martin|last2=Clifford|first2=J. Whitmus|last3=Lon|first3=E. Hachmeister|year=1987}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|7,000&lt;ref name=&quot;DISTRIBUTION AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF JUVENILE SALMON AND OTHER FISHES IN THE YUKON DELTA&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://espis.boem.gov/final%20reports/86.pdf|title=DISTRIBUTION AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF JUVENILE SALMON AND OTHER FISHES IN THE YUKON DELTA|last1=Douglas|first1=J. Martin|last2=Clifford|first2=J. Whitmus|last3=Lon|first3=E. Hachmeister|year=1987}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Bering Sea]]
|United States (59.8%), Canada (40.2%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 23.
|[[Indus River|Indus]]–[[Sênggê Zangbo]]
|3,180
|1,976
|1,081,718&lt;ref name=&quot;researchgate.net&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312752687 |title=Critical Evaluation and Assessment of Average Annual Precipitation in The Indus, The Ganges and The Brahmaputra Basins, Northern India – Himalayan Cryospheric Observations and Modelling (HiCOM) |last1=Amir |first1=Khan |last2=Naresh |first2=Pant |last3=Anuj |first3=Goswami |last4=Ravish |first4=Lal |last5=Rajesh |first5=Joshi |date=Dec 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|5,533&lt;ref name=&quot;researchgate.net&quot;/&gt;
|[[Arabian Sea]]
|Pakistan (93%), India and China
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 24.
|[[São Francisco River|São Francisco]]
|3,180*&lt;br&gt;(2,900)
|1,976*&lt;br&gt;(1,802)
|610,000
|3,300
|Atlantic Ocean
|Brazil
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 25.
|[[Syr Darya]]–[[Naryn (river)|Naryn]]
|3,078
|1,913
|219,000
|703
|[[Aral Sea]]
|Kazakhstan, [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Tajikistan]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 26.
|[[Salween River|Salween]] &lt;small&gt;(Nu Jiang)&lt;/small&gt;
|3,060
|1,901
|324,000
|6,700&lt;ref name=&quot;Integrating Suspended Sediment Flux in Large Alluvial River Channels: Application of a Synoptic Rouse‐Based Model to the Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Baronas|first1=J. Jotautas|last2=Stevenson|first2=Emily I.|last3=Hackney|first3=Christopher R.|last4=Darby|first4=Stephen E.|last5=Bickle|first5=Michael J.|last6=Hilton|first6=Robert G.|last7=Larkin|first7=Christina S.|last8=Parsons|first8=Daniel R.|last9=Myo Khaing|first9=Aung|last10=Tipper|first10=Edward T.|title=Integrating Suspended Sediment Flux in Large Alluvial River Channels: Application of a Synoptic Rouse-Based Model to the Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface|volume=125|issue=9|year=2020|issn=2169-9003|doi=10.1029/2020JF005554|bibcode=2020JGRF..12505554B|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Changes in Indian Summer Monsoon Using Neodymium (Nd) Isotopes in the Andaman Sea During the Last 24,000 years&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://www.prl.res.in/~sunil/22__TripathiGR,%20SIngh%20SK%20Sr-Nd%20isotopes.pdf|title=Changes in Indian Summer Monsoon Using Neodymium (Nd) Isotopes in the Andaman Sea During the Last 24,000 years|last1=Harunur|first1=Rashid|last2=Alexandra|first2=T. Gourlan|last3=Brittany|first3=Marche
|last4=Kaylyn|first4=Sheppard|last5=Nabil|first5=Khélif|journal=Earth Systems and Environment |year=2019|volume=3 |issue=2 |page=105 |doi=10.1007/s41748-019-00105-0 |bibcode=2019ESE.....3..105R |s2cid=198422435 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Syvitski |first1=James P. M. |last2=Vörösmarty |first2=Charles J. |last3=Kettner |first3=Albert J. |last4=Green |first4=Pamela |year=2005 |title=Impact of Humans on the Flux of Terrestrial Sediment to the Global Coastal Ocean |url=http://instaar.colorado.edu/deltaforce/papers/global_sediment_flux.html |url-status=dead |journal=Science |volume=308 |issue=5720 |pages=376–80 |bibcode=2005Sci...308..376S |doi=10.1126/science.1109454 |pmid=15831750 |s2cid=11382265 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060919054444/http://instaar.colorado.edu/deltaforce/papers/global_sediment_flux.html |archive-date=2006-09-19 |access-date=2006-02-27|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Andaman Sea]]
|China (52.4%), Myanmar (43.9%), Thailand (3.7%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 27.
|[[Saint Lawrence River|Saint Lawrence]]–[[Niagara River|Niagara]]–[[Detroit River|Detroit]]–[[St. Clair River|Saint Clair]]–[[St. Marys River (Michigan–Ontario)|Saint Marys]]–[[Saint Louis River (Lake Superior tributary)|Saint Louis]]–[[North River (Minnesota)|North]] &lt;small&gt;([[Great Lakes]])&lt;/small&gt;
|3,058
|1,900&lt;ref name=US/&gt;
|1,030,000
|12,500&lt;ref name=&quot;Physical oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during 2023&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.938387/publication.html?wbdisable=true|title=Physical oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during 2023|date=July 2002 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Gulf of Saint Lawrence]]
|Canada (52.1%), United States (47.9%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 28.
|[[Rio Grande]]
|3,057
|1,900&lt;ref name=US/&gt;
|570,000
|82
|Gulf of Mexico
|United States (52.1%), [[Mexico]] (47.9%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 29.
|[[Lower Tunguska]]
|2,989
|1,857
|473,000
|3,600
|Yenisei
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 30.
|[[Colorado River|Colorado]]-[[Green River (Colorado River)|Green]] (western U.S.)
|2,945
|1,830&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-06 |title=The Mighty Colorado River – Once Known as Merely Grand |url=https://legisource.net/2021/05/06/the-mighty-colorado-river-once-known-as-merely-grand/ |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=Colorado LegiSource |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|390,000
|1,200
|[[Gulf of California]]
|United States, Mexico
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot;| 31.
|[[Danube]]–[[Breg (river)|Breg]] &lt;small&gt;(Donau, Dunăre, Duna, Dunav, Dunaj)&lt;/small&gt;
|2,888*
|1,795*
|801,463&lt;ref name=&quot;THE DANUBE RIVER AND ITS DELTA, HYDROGEOGRAPHYC CHARACTERISTICS-ACTUAL SYNTHESIS&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.limnology.ro/wrw2023/proceedings.html|title=THE DANUBE RIVER AND ITS DELTA, HYDROGEOGRAPHYC CHARACTERISTICS-ACTUAL SYNTHESIS}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|6,452&lt;ref name=&quot;THE DANUBE RIVER AND ITS DELTA, HYDROGEOGRAPHYC CHARACTERISTICS-ACTUAL SYNTHESIS&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.limnology.ro/wrw2023/proceedings.html|title=THE DANUBE RIVER AND ITS DELTA, HYDROGEOGRAPHYC CHARACTERISTICS-ACTUAL SYNTHESIS}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Black Sea]]
|[[Romania]] (28.9%), Hungary (11.7%), Austria (10.3%), [[Serbia]] (10.3%), Germany (7.5%), [[Slovakia]] (5.8%), [[Bulgaria]] (5.2%), [[Croatia]] (4.5%), [[Ukraine]] (3.8%), [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Moldova]], [[Montenegro]], [[Czech Republic]], [[Switzerland]], [[Slovenia]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2009|title=The Danube river bassin, facts and figures|url=https://www.icpdr.org/sites/default/files/nodes/documents/icpdr_facts_figures.pdf|access-date=2024-12-21 |website= icpdr.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 32.
|[[Irrawaddy River]]–[[N'Mai River]]–[[Dulong River]]–[[Kelaoluo]]–[[Gada Qu]]
|2,809*
|1,745.8*
|404,200*
|15,112&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/myanmar/index.stm|title=Water Resources of Myanmar|publisher=AQUASTAT|access-date=2010-09-21|quote=Adding the sections gives Irrawaddy a discharge of 476.9 cubic kilometers per year, which translates to 15,112 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727110424/http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/myanmar/index.stm|archive-date=2010-07-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Andaman Sea]]
|[[China]], [[Myanmar]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 33.
|[[Zambezi]] &lt;small&gt;(Zambesi)&lt;/small&gt;
|2,740*
|1,703*
|1,330,000
|4,880
|[[Mozambique Channel]]
|[[Zambia]] (41.6%), [[Angola]] (18.4%), [[Zimbabwe]] (15.6%), [[Mozambique]] (11.8%), [[Malawi]] (8.0%), [[Tanzania]] (2.0%), [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 34.
|[[Vilyuy]]
|2,720
|1,700
|454,000
|1,480
|[[Lena (river)|Lena]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 35.
|[[Padma River|Padma]]-[[Ganges River|Ganges]]-[[Alaknanda River|Alaknanda]] &lt;small&gt;(Ganga)&lt;/small&gt;
|2,704&lt;ref name=&quot;Parua2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Parua|first=Pranab Kumar|title=The Ganga: water use in the Indian subcontinent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yUc7Cus2a-MC&amp;pg=PA272|access-date=17 May 2011|date=3 January 2010|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-90-481-3102-0|page=272}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,690
|1,024,000
|16,000&lt;ref name=&quot;Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Water Resources Development|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07900627.2019.1579705|title=Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia|last1=Golam|first1=Rasul|last2=Nilhari|first2=Neupane|last3=Abid|first3= Hussain|last4=Binaya|first4=Pasakhala|volume=37|issue=3|doi=10.1080/07900627.2019.1579705|year=2019|pages=466–490 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P2846800.html |title=Ganges–Farakka&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt; |access-date=2007-03-27 |archive-date=2018-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310201247/http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P2846800.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Bay of Bengal]]
|India, Bangladesh, China, Nepal
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 36.
|[[Amu Darya]]–[[Panj (river)|Panj]]
|2,620
|1,628
|534,739
|1,400
|[[Aral Sea]]
|[[Uzbekistan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Afghanistan]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 37.
|[[Japurá River|Japurá]] &lt;small&gt;(Caquetá)&lt;/small&gt;
|2,615*
|1,625*
|289,000&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18,122&lt;ref name=&quot;PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%25C3%25B3stico-Progn%25C3%25B3stico-e-Cen%25C3%25A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III|date=Jan 2019|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Brazil, Colombia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 38.
|[[Nelson River|Nelson]]–[[Saskatchewan River|Saskatchewan]]–[[South Saskatchewan River|South Saskatchewan]]–[[Bow River|Bow]]
|2,570
|1,597
|1,111,890&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|3,500&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Hudson Bay]]
|Canada, United States
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 39.
|[[River Paraguay|Paraguay]] &lt;small&gt;(Rio Paraguay)&lt;/small&gt;
|2,549
|1,584
|900,000
|4,300
|[[Paraná River|Paraná]]
|Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, Argentina
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 40.
|[[Kolyma (river)|Kolyma]]
|2,513
|1,562
|647,000&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|4,100&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[East Siberian Sea]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 41.
|[[Pilcomayo River|Pilcomayo]]
|2,500
|1,553
|270,000
|200
|[[Paraguay River|Paraguay]]
|[[Paraguay]], Argentina, Bolivia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 42.
|Upper [[Ob (river)|Ob]]–[[Katun (river)|Katun]]
|2,490
|1,547
|1,040,000
|
|[[Ob (river)|Ob]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 43.
|[[Ishim (river)|Ishim]]
|2,450
|1,522
|177,000
|56
|[[Irtysh]]
|Kazakhstan, Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 44.
|[[Orange River|Orange]]
|2,432
|1,511
|973,000
|365
|Atlantic Ocean
|[[South Africa]], [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], [[Lesotho]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 45.
|[[Ural (river)|Ural]]
|2,428
|1,509
|237,000
|475
|[[Caspian Sea]]
|Russia, Kazakhstan
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 46.
|[[Juruá]]
|2,410
|1,499
|190,573&lt;ref name=&quot;PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%25C3%25B3stico-Progn%25C3%25B3stico-e-Cen%25C3%25A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III|date=Jan 2019|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|6,004&lt;ref name=&quot;PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%25C3%25B3stico-Progn%25C3%25B3stico-e-Cen%25C3%25A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III|date=Jan 2019|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Peru, Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 47.
|[[Arkansas River|Arkansas]]
|2,348
|1,459
|505,000&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(435,122)&lt;/small&gt;
|1,066
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 48.
|[[Songhua River|Songhua]]
|2,309&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Amur-Heilong River Basin Reader |date=2008 |publisher=Ecosystems Limited |isbn=978-988-17227-1-3 |editor-last=Simonov |editor-first=Eugene A. |location=Hong Kong |editor-last2=Dahmer |editor-first2=Thomas D.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,435
|557,180
|2,410
|[[Amur]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 49.
|[[Olenyok (river)|Olenyok]]
|2,292
|1,424
|219,000
|1,210
|[[Laptev Sea]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 50.
|[[Dnieper]]
|2,287
|1,421
|516,300
|1,670
|[[Black Sea]]
|[[Ukraine]], [[Belarus]], Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 51.
|[[Aldan (river)|Aldan]]
|2,273
|1,412
|729,000
|5,501
|[[Lena (river)|Lena]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 52.
|[[Ubangi River|Ubangi]]–[[Uele River|Uele]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last= Bossche |first= J.P. vanden |author2= G. M. Bernacsek |title= Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Volume 1 |year= 1990 |publisher= Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |isbn= 978-92-5-102983-1 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&amp;pg=PA338 |page= 338 |access-date= 2016-10-28 |archive-date= 2023-11-10 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231110080724/https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&amp;pg=PA338#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status= live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2,270
|1,410
|651,915&lt;ref name=&quot;Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin |journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Becker |first1=M. |last2=Papa |first2=F. |last3=Frappart |first3=F. |last4=Alsdorf |first4=D. |last5=Calmant |first5=S. |last6=da Silva |first6=J. Santos |last7=Prigent |first7=C. |last8=Seyler |first8=F. |title=Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin |journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation |date=April 2018 |volume=66 |pages=196–209 |doi=10.1016/j.jag.2017.11.015 |bibcode=2018IJAEO..66..196B |s2cid=6873734 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01671764 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|5,936&lt;ref name=&quot;Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin |journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Becker |first1=M. |last2=Papa |first2=F. |last3=Frappart |first3=F. |last4=Alsdorf |first4=D. |last5=Calmant |first5=S. |last6=da Silva |first6=J. Santos |last7=Prigent |first7=C. |last8=Seyler |first8=F. |title=Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin |journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation |date=April 2018 |volume=66 |pages=196–209 |doi=10.1016/j.jag.2017.11.015 |bibcode=2018IJAEO..66..196B |s2cid=6873734 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01671764 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Congo River|Congo]]
|[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Central African Republic]], [[Republic of Congo]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 53.
|[[Rio Negro (Amazon)|Negro]]
|2,250&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Ziesler |first1=R. |title=Las aguas continentales de América Latina: = The inland waters of Latin America |last2=Ardizzone |first2=G. D. |date=1979 |publisher=Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación |others=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-000780-9 |series=COPESCAL documentos técnicos |location=Roma}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,398
|720,114
|34,573&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Marinho |first1=Rogério Ribeiro |last2=Filziola |first2=Naziano Pantoja |last3=Martinez |first3=Jean-Michel |last4=Harmel |first4=Tristan |date=2022-01-13 |title=Suspended sediment transport estimation in Negro River (Amazon Basin) using MSI/Sentinel-2 data |url=https://rbgeomorfologia.org.br/rbg/article/view/2076 |journal=Revista Brasileira de Geomorfologia |language=pt |volume=23 |issue=1 |doi=10.20502/rbg.v23i1.2076 |issn=2236-5664|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 53.
|[[Columbia River|Columbia]]-[[Snake River|Snake]]
|2,250
|1,398&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Columbia River and Its Tributaries |url=https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/cvo/Historical/LewisClark/Maps/map_columbia_river_and_tributaries.shtml |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=USGS Volcanoes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|671,000
|7,500
|Pacific Ocean
|Canada (30%), United States (70%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 55.
|[[Tapajós]]-[[Teles Pires]]
|2,210
|1,290
|494,254
|13,540&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 56.
|[[Pearl River (China)|Pearl]]–[[Xi River|Xi]]-[[Xun River|Xun]]-[[Qian River|Qian]]-[[Hongshui River|Hongshui]]-[[Nanpan River|Nanpan]]
|2,200
|1,376
|437,000
|10,700&lt;ref name=&quot;Spatiotemporal Variation of Annual Runoff and Sediment Load in the Pearl River during 1953-2017&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Sustainability|title=Spatiotemporal Variation of Annual Runoff and Sediment Load in the Pearl River during 1953-2017|doi=10.3390/su11185007|volume=11|issue=18|last1=Huanyang|first1=Zhou|last2=Zhaoli|first2=Wag|last3=Xushu|first3=Wu|last4=Yuhong|first4=Chen|last5=Yixuan|first5=Zhong|last6=Zejun|first6=Li|last7=Jiachao|first7=Chen|last8=Jun|first8=Li|last9=Shenglian|first9=Guo|last10=Xiaohong|first10=Chen|date=2019|page=5007 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2019Sust...11.5007Z }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|South China Sea
|China (98.5%), [[Vietnam]] (1.5%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 57.
|[[Red River of the South|Red (USA)]]
|2,188
|1,360
|78,592
|875
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 58.
|[[Kasai River|Kasai]]
|2,153
|1,338
|880,200
|10,000
|[[Congo River|Congo]]
|[[Angola]], Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 59.
|[[Ohio River|Ohio]]–[[Allegheny River|Allegheny]]
|2,102
|1,306
|490,603
|7,957
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 60.
|[[Orinoco]]
|2,101
|1,306
|1,014,797&lt;ref name=&quot;XXI. PECES DEL FONDO DEL RÍO ORINOCO Y AFLUENTES PRINCIPALES (COLOMBIA-VENEZUELA): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370581100|title=XXI. PECES DEL FONDO DEL RÍO ORINOCO Y AFLUENTES PRINCIPALES (COLOMBIA-VENEZUELA): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos|last1=Carlos Andrés|first1=Lasso Alcalá|last2=Mónica Andrea|first2=Morales Betancourt|isbn=978-958-5183-65-0|doi=10.21068/eh9789585183629|year=2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|39,000&lt;ref name=&quot;XXI. PECES DEL FONDO DEL RÍO ORINOCO Y AFLUENTES PRINCIPALES (COLOMBIA-VENEZUELA): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370581100|title=XXI. PECES DEL FONDO DEL RÍO ORINOCO Y AFLUENTES PRINCIPALES (COLOMBIA-VENEZUELA): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos|last1=Carlos Andrés|first1=Lasso Alcalá|last2=Mónica Andrea|first2=Morales Betancourt|isbn=978-958-5183-65-0|doi=10.21068/eh9789585183629|year=2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;La geografía del agua&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://bibliofep.fundacionempresaspolar.org/media/1378189/agua_ti_cap03.pdf|title=La geografía del agua|last1=José Rafael|first1=Córdova|last2=Marcelo González|first2=Sanabria}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Atlantic Ocean
|Venezuela, Colombia, Guyana
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 61.
|[[Tarim River|Tarim]]
|2,100
|1,305
|1,020,000
|
|[[Lop Nur]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 61.
|[[Xingu River|Xingu]]
|2,100
|1,305
|520,292
|10,023
|Amazon
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 63.
|[[Jubba River|Jubba]]–[[Shebelle River|Shebelle]]
|2,064&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Lehner |first1=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2008EO100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |language=en |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008EO100001 |bibcode=2008EOSTr..89...93L |issn=0096-3941|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,282
|749,000
|
|[[Indian Ocean]]
|[[Ethiopia]], [[Somalia]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 64.
|[[Brazos River|Brazos]]-[[Double Mountain Fork Brazos River|Double Mountain Fork]]-[[North Fork Double Mountain Fork Brazos River|North Fork]]-[[Blackwater Draw]]
|2,060
|1,280&lt;ref name=&quot;US&quot; /&gt;
|116,000
|237.5
|Gulf of Mexico
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 65.
|Northern [[Salado River, Argentina|Salado]]
|2,010
|1,249
|203,000
|
|[[Paraná River|Paraná]]
|Argentina
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 66.
|[[Içá River|Içá]] &lt;small&gt;(Putumayo)&lt;/small&gt;
|2,005
|1,246
|120,545&lt;ref name=&quot;PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%25C3%25B3stico-Progn%25C3%25B3stico-e-Cen%25C3%25A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III|date=Jan 2019|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|8,520&lt;ref name=&quot;PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%25C3%25B3stico-Progn%25C3%25B3stico-e-Cen%25C3%25A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III|date=Jan 2019|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 67.
|[[Vitim (river)|Vitim]]
|1,978
|1,229
|225,000
|1,937
|[[Lena (river)|Lena]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 68.
|[[Chenab River|Chenab]]
|1,974
|675
|160,000
|977.3
|[[Indus River|Indus]]
|India, Pakistan
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 69.
|[[Tigris]]
|1,950
|1,212
|375,000
|1,014
|[[Shatt al-Arab]]
|Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Iran
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 70.
|[[Don (river)|Don]]
|1,870
|1,162
|425,600
|935
|[[Sea of Azov]]
|Russia, Ukraine
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 71.
|[[Stony Tunguska]]
|1,865
|1,159
|240,000
|1,750
|[[Yenisey]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 72.
|[[Pechora (river)|Pechora]]
|1,809
|1,124
|312,041&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|4,823&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|[[Barents Sea]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 73.
|[[Kama (river)|Kama]]
|1,805
|1,122
|507,000
|4,100&lt;ref name=&quot;THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=http://isi.irtces.org/isi/rootfiles/2017/07/04/1496391629451299-1498713525725099.pdf|title=THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT|last1=Valentin|first1=Golosov|last2=Vladimir|first2=Belayev|year=2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Volga]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 74.
|[[Limpopo River|Limpopo]]
|1,800
|1,118
|413,000
|313.4
|[[Indian Ocean]]
|[[Mozambique]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[South Africa]], [[Botswana]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 75.
|[[Chulym (Ob)|Chulym]]
|1,799
|1,118
|134,000
|
|[[Ob (river)|Ob]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 76.
|[[Guaviare River|Guaviare]]
|1,760
|1,090
|151,607
|7,529&lt;ref name=&quot;La geografía del agua&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://bibliofep.fundacionempresaspolar.org/media/1378189/agua_ti_cap03.pdf|title=La geografía del agua|last1=José Rafael|first1=Córdova|last2=Marcelo González|first2=Sanabria}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Orinoco]]
|Colombia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 77
|[[Marañón River (Peru)|Marañón]]
|1,737
|1,079
|364,873
|16,708
|Amazon
|Peru
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 78.
|[[Indigirka]]
|1,726
|1,072
|360,400
|1,810
|[[East Siberian Sea]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 79.
|[[Platte River|Platte]]
|1,690
|1,050
|219,900
|199.3
|[[Missouri River|Missouri]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 80.
|[[Senegal River|Senegal]]
|1,641
|1,020
|419,659
|680
|Atlantic Ocean
|[[Guinea]], [[Senegal]], [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 81.
|[[Khatanga (river)|Khatanga]]–[[Kotuy]]
|1,636
|1,017
|364,000&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|3,200&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Laptev Sea]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 82.
|Upper [[Jubba River|Jubba]]-[[Ganale Doria River|Ganale Dorya]]
|1,634&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|1,015
|214,441&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|316&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|Jubba River
|Ethiopia (69%), Somalia (27%), Kenya (5%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 83.
|[[Uruguay River|Uruguay]]
|1,610
|1,000
|353,451&lt;ref name=&quot;Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://iwlearn.net/resolveuid/92c8003b-1b64-424e-b251-602185ffa061|title=Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|7,058&lt;ref name=&quot;Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://iwlearn.net/resolveuid/92c8003b-1b64-424e-b251-602185ffa061|title=Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Uruguay River|url=https://www.saltogrande.org/rio_uruguay.php|publisher=Comisión Técnica Mixta de Salto Grande|access-date=9 August 2023|archive-date=8 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608184514/https://saltogrande.org/rio_uruguay.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Atlantic Ocean
|[[Uruguay]], Argentina, Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 84.
|[[Churchill River (Hudson Bay)|Churchill]]
|1,609
|1,000
|281,300
|1,200
|[[Hudson Bay]]
|Canada
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 85.
|[[Blue Nile]]
|1,600
|994
|326,400
|1,548
|[[Nile]]
|[[Ethiopia]], [[Sudan]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 85.
|[[Okavango River|Okavango]] &lt;small&gt;(Cubango)&lt;/small&gt;
|1,600
|994
|530,000
|475
|[[Okavango Delta]]
|[[Namibia]], [[Angola]], [[Botswana]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 85.
|[[Volta River|Volta]]
|1,600
|994
|407,093
|1,210
|[[Gulf of Guinea]]
|[[Ghana]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Togo]], [[Côte d'Ivoire]], [[Benin]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 88.
|[[Beni River|Beni]]
|1,599
|994
|283,350
|8,900
|[[Madeira River|Madeira]]
|Bolivia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 89.
|[[Shilka (river)|Shilka]]-[[Onon (river)|Onon]]
|1,592
|989
|206,000
|440
|Amur
|Russia (86%), Mongolia (14%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 90.
|[[Tobol]]
|1,591
|989
|426,000
|805
|[[Irtysh]]
|Kazakhstan, Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 91.
|[[Alazeya]]
|1,590
|988
|64,700
|320
|[[East Siberian Sea]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 92.
|[[Kafue River|Kafue]]
|1,576
|979
|155,000
|320
|[[Zambezi]]
|Zambia (99.6%), Democratic Republic of the Congo (0.4%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 93.
|[[Yalong River|Yalong]]
|1,571
|976
|128,444
|1,810
|[[Yangtze]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 94.
|[[Magdalena River|Magdalena]]
|1,550
|963
|263,858
|8,058&lt;ref name=&quot;ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2022&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://www.andi.com.co/Uploads/ENA%202022_compressed.pdf|title=ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2022|isbn=978-958-5489-12-7|year=2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Caribbean Sea]]
|Colombia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 95.
|[[Han River (Hanshui)|Han]]
|1,532
|952
|174,300
|1,632
|[[Yangtze]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 96.
|[[Kura (South Caucasus river)|Kura/Mt'k'vari]]
|1,515
|941
|188,400
|575
|[[Caspian Sea]]
|Turkey, [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Azerbaijan]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 97.
|[[Oka (river)|Oka]]
|1,500
|932
|245,000
|1,310&lt;ref name=&quot;THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=http://isi.irtces.org/isi/rootfiles/2017/07/04/1496391629451299-1498713525725099.pdf|title=THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT|last1=Valentin|first1=Golosov|last2=Vladimir|first2=Belayev|year=2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Volga]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot; | 97.
|Upper [[Murray River|Murray]]
|1,500&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Longest Rivers|date=24 November 2015|url=https://www.mdba.gov.au/discover-basin/catchments/lower-murray|publisher=Murray Darling Basin Authority|access-date=4 February 2019|archive-date=7 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207073839/https://www.mdba.gov.au/discover-basin/catchments/lower-murray|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|932
|260,000
|
|Lower [[Murray River|Murray]]
|Australia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 99.
|[[Yana (river)|Yana]]-[[Sartang (river)|Sartang]]
|1,492
|927
|238,000
|1,110
|Laptev Sea
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 100.
|[[Pecos River|Pecos]]
|1,490
|926
|115,000
|7.5
|[[Rio Grande]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot; | 101.
|[[Murrumbidgee River]]
|1,485 &lt;ref name=&quot;geoaus&quot; /&gt;
|923
|84,917
|120
|[[Murray River]]
|Australia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 102.
|Upper [[Yenisey]]–[[Little Yenisey|Little Yenisey (Kaa-Hem)]]
|1,480
|920
|360,000
|
|[[Yenisey]]
|Russia, Mongolia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 103.
|[[Godavari River|Godavari]]
|1,465
|910
|312,812
|3,061
|[[Bay of Bengal]]
|India
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 104.
|[[Sangha River|Sangha]]-[[Dja River|Ngoko-Dja]]
|1,459
|907
|233,740
|
|Congo
|Cameroon (45%), Republic of Congo (31%), Central African Republic (25%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 105.
|[[Vaal River|Vaal]]
|1,458
|906
|196,438
|125
|[[Orange River|Orange]]
|[[South Africa]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 106.
|[[Sutlej]]
|1,450
|900
|395,000
|2,946.66
|[[Chenab River|Chenab]]
|China, India, Pakistan
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 107.
|[[Ili (river)|Ili]] &lt;small&gt;(Yili)&lt;/small&gt;
|1,439
|870
|140,000
|480
|[[Lake Balkhash]]
|China, Kazakhstan
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 108.
|[[Olyokma]]
|1,436
|892
|210,000
|2,110
|[[Lena (river)|Lena]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 109.
|Upper [[Columbia River|Columbia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=USGS Water Resources: About USGS Water Resources |url=https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/huc_name.html |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=water.usgs.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,430
|889&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|292,316&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|3,364&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=USGS Gage #12472800 on the Columbia River below Priest Rapids Dam, WA (Water-Data Report 2013) |url=https://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2013/pdfs/12472800.2013.pdf |access-date=December 15, 2023 |website=National Water Information System |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Columbia River|Columbia]]
|United States, Canada
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 110.
|Upper [[Tocantins River|Tocantins]]
|1,427
|887
|310,000
|
|[[Tocantins River|Tocantins]]
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 111.
|[[Belaya (Kama)|Belaya]]
|1,420
|882
|142,000
|858
|[[Kama (river)|Kama]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot; | 111.
|[[Cooper Creek|Cooper]]–[[Barcoo River|Barcoo]]
|1,420
|880
|297,950&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian Natural Resources Atlas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003024130/http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-10-03|title=Australian Natural Resources Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|36&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian Natural Resources Atlas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003024130/http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-10-03|title=Australian Natural Resources Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Lake Eyre]]
|Australia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 113.
|[[Dniester]]
|1,411 (1,352)
|877 (840)
|72,100
|310
|[[Black Sea]]
|[[Ukraine]], [[Moldova]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 114.
|[[Taz (river)|Taz]]
|1,401
|871
|150,000
|1,450
|[[Taz Estuary]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 115.
|[[Benue River|Benue]]
|1,400
|870
|319,000
|3,477
|[[Niger River|Niger]]
|[[Cameroon]], [[Nigeria]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 115.
|[[Chari River|Chari]]
|1,400&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Chari River |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Chari-River |url-status=live |access-date=25 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521034537/https://www.britannica.com/place/Chari-River |archive-date=21 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|870
|548,747
|1,059
|[[Lake Chad]]
|[[Chad]], [[Cameroon]], [[Niger]], [[Nigeria]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 115.
|[[Parnaíba River|Parnaíba]]
|1,400
|870
|344,112
|
|Atlantic Ocean
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot; | 115.
|[[Warburton Creek|Warburton]]–[[Georgina River|Georgina]]
|1,400
|870
|408,005&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian Natural Resources Atlas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003024130/http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-10-03|title=Australian Natural Resources Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|60&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian Natural Resources Atlas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003024130/http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-10-03|title=Australian Natural Resources Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Lake Eyre]]
|Australia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 119.
|[[Colorado River (Texas)|Colorado]] (Texas)
|1,387
|862
|103,000 
|73.9
|Gulf of Mexico
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 120.
|[[Yamuna]]
|1,376
|855
|366,223
|2,950
|[[Ganges]]
|India
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 121.
|[[Apaporis River|Apaporis]]
|1,370
|851
|57,430.6
|4,092&lt;ref name=&quot;ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2010 (IDEAM) - Agua Superficial - Caracterización y análísis de la oferta&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=http://documentacion.ideam.gov.co/openbiblio/bvirtual/021888/CAP3.pdf|title=ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2010 (IDEAM) - Agua Superficial - Caracterización y análísis de la oferta|last1=Félix Dario|first1=Sánchez|last2=Martha|first2=García|last3=Omar|first3=Jaramillo|last4=Nelsy|first4=Verdugo|year=2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Japurá River|Japurá]]
|Colombia (93%), Brazil (7%),
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 121.
|[[Nen River|Nen]] &lt;small&gt;(Nonni)&lt;/small&gt;
|1,370
|851
|270,000
|
|[[Songhua River|Songhua]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 121.
|[[Vyatka (river)|Vyatka]]
|1,370
|851
|129,000
|890
|[[Kama (river)|Kama]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 124.
|[[Fraser River|Fraser]]
|1,368
|850
|220,000
|3,475
|Pacific Ocean
|Canada, United States&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Chilliwack River Valley: An Outdoor Enthusiast's Paradise |url=https://www.campingrvbc.com/blog/the-chilliwack-river-valley-an-outdoor-enthusiasts-paradise/ |website=Camping &amp; RVing BC |publisher=Camping and RVing British Columbia Coalition |access-date=27 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311125716/https://www.campingrvbc.com/blog/the-chilliwack-river-valley-an-outdoor-enthusiasts-paradise/ |archive-date=11 March 2016 |language=en |date=10 October 2017 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 125.
|[[Rio Grande (Paraná River)|Grande]]
|1,360
|845
|143,000
|
|[[Paraná River|Paraná]]
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 126.
|[[Kızıl River]]
|1,355
|734
|115,000
|400
|[[Black Sea]]
|Turkey
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 127.
|[[Madre de Dios River|Madre de Dios]]
|1,347
|837
|125,000
|4,915
|[[Beni River|Beni]]
|Peru, Bolivia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 128.
|[[Liao River|Liao]]-[[Xiliao River|Xiliao]]-Laoha
|1,345
|836
|232,000
|500
|[[Bohai Sea]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot; | 129.
|[[Lachlan River]]
|1,339 &lt;ref name=&quot;geoaus&quot; /&gt;
|832
|84,700
|49
|[[Murrumbidgee River]]
|Australia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 130.
|[[Narmada River|Narmada]]
|1,333 &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title= Narmada Basin |publisher= India WRIS |url= https://indiawris.gov.in/downloads/Narmada%20Basin.pdf |access-date= 29 November 2021 |archive-date= 29 November 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211129154850/https://indiawris.gov.in/downloads/Narmada%20Basin.pdf |url-status= live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|828
|98,796
|1,447
|[[Arabian Sea]]
|India
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 131.
|[[Hai River|Hai]]
|1,329
|826
|318,200
|717
|[[Bohai Sea]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 132.
|[[Branco River|Branco]]-[[Uraricoera River|Uraricoera]]
|1,326
|824
|192,393
|6,469
|[[Rio Negro (Amazon)|Rio Negro]]
|Brazil (96%), Guyana (7%), Venezuela (1%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 133.
|[[Iguassu River|Iguaçu]]
|1,320
|820
|67,537
|1,746
|[[Paraná River|Paraná]]
|Brazil, Argentina
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 134.
|[[Taseyeva]]-[[Chuna (river)|Chuna]]
|1,319
|820
|128,000
|740
|[[Angara]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 135.
|[[Javary River|Javari]]
|1,309
|814
|109,680&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivers Network-Amazon&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&amp;id=43&amp;catid=191&amp;Itemid=179|title=Rivers Network-Amazon|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|5,225&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivers Network-Amazon&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&amp;id=43&amp;catid=191&amp;Itemid=179|title=Rivers Network-Amazon|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Brazil (78%), Peru (22%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 136.
|[[Northern Dvina]]–[[Sukhona]]
|1,302
|809
|350,496&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|3,416&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|[[White Sea]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 137.
|[[Inírida River|Inírida]]
|1,300
|808
|53,816.9
|3,385&lt;ref name=&quot;ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2010 (IDEAM) - Agua Superficial - Caracterización y análísis de la oferta&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=http://documentacion.ideam.gov.co/openbiblio/bvirtual/021888/CAP3.pdf|title=ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2010 (IDEAM) - Agua Superficial - Caracterización y análísis de la oferta|last1=Félix Dario|first1=Sánchez|last2=Martha|first2=García|last3=Omar|first3=Jaramillo|last4=Nelsy|first4=Verdugo|year=2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Guaviare River|Guaviare]]
|Colombia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 137.
|[[Iriri River|Iriri]]
|1,300
|808
|141,943
|3,028
|[[Xingu River|Xingu]]
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 137.
|[[Neva]]-[[Vuoksi]]
|1,300
|808
|282,300
|2,628
|[[Gulf of Finland]]
|Russia, [[Finland]], Belarus
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 140.
|[[Ruki River|Ruki]]
|1,296
|805
|173,800
|4,450
|Congo
|Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 141.
|[[River Krishna|Krishna]]
|1,290
|800
|258,948
|2,213
|[[Bay of Bengal]]
|India
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 142.
|[[Lomami River|Lomami]]&lt;ref name=&quot;bossche&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last= Bossche |first= J.P. vanden |author2=G. M. Bernacsek |title= Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Volume 1 |year= 1990 |publisher= Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |isbn= 978-92-5-102983-1 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&amp;pg=PA333 |page= 333}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,280
|795
|110,000
|
|[[Congo River|Congo]]
|Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 143.
|[[Ottawa River|Ottawa]]
|1,271
|790
|146,300
|1,950
|[[Saint Lawrence River|Saint Lawrence]]
|Canada
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 144.
|[[Grande de Santiago River|Rio Grande de Santiago]]-[[Lerma River|Lerma]]
|1,270
|789
|119,543
|320
|Pacific Ocean
|Mexico
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 145.
|[[Guaporé River|Guaporé]] &lt;small&gt;(Itenez)&lt;/small&gt;
|1,260
|780
|341,000
|2,430
|[[Mamoré]]
|Brazil, Bolivia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 146.
|[[Red River of the North|Red (Canada)]]-[[Assiniboine River|Assiniboine]]-[[Souris River|Souris]]
|1,260
|780
|287,500
|244
|Lake Winnipeg
|Canada (56%), US (44%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 147.
|[[Elbe]]–[[Vltava]]
|1,252
|778
|148,268
|711
|[[North Sea]]
|Germany, [[Czech Republic]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 148.
|[[Zeya (river)|Zeya]]
|1,242
|772
|233,000
|1,810
|[[Amur]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 149.
|[[Juruena River|Juruena]]
|1,240
|771
|192,628
|4,936.7
|[[Tapajós]]
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 150.
|Upper [[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
|1,236
|768
|450,000
|4,800
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 151.
|[[Rhine]]
|1,233
|768
|185,000 &lt;ref&gt;If the Meuse is considered a tributary, the Rhine basin is 218,300&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|2,330
|[[North Sea]]
|Germany (57.3%), Switzerland (15.1%), Netherlands (12.3%), France (12.2%), [[Luxembourg]] (1.4%), Austria (1.3%), Belgium (0.4%), [[Liechtenstein]] (0.1%), Italy (0.03%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 152.
|[[Athabasca River|Athabasca]]
|1,231
|765
|95,300
|783
|[[Mackenzie River|Mackenzie]]
|Canada
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 153.
|[[Markha (Vilyuy)|Markha]]
|1,231
|765
|99,000
|405
|Vilyuy
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 154.
|[[Canadian River|Canadian]]
|1,223
|760
|123,220
|182.2
|[[Arkansas River|Arkansas]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 155.
|[[North Saskatchewan River|North Saskatchewan]]
|1,220
|758
|122,800
|238
|[[Saskatchewan River|Saskatchewan]]
|Canada
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 156.
|[[Kansas River|Kansas]]-[[Republican River|Republican]]
|1,218
|757
|155,690
|205
|Missouri
|US
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 157.
|[[Vistula]]–[[Narew]]-[[Bug (river)|Bug]]
|1,213
|754
|194,424
|1,080
|[[Baltic Sea]]
|Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Slovakia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 158.
|[[Awash River|Awash]]
|1,200&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&amp;view=doc&amp;id=184&amp;format=raw&amp;Itemid=466 &quot;Climate, 2008 National Statistics (Abstract)&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113215000/http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&amp;view=doc&amp;id=184&amp;format=raw&amp;Itemid=466|date=2010-11-13}}, Table A.1. Central Statistical Agency website (accessed 26 December 2009)&lt;/ref&gt;
|746
|69,197&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|152&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|[[Lake Abbe]]
|Ethiopia, Djibouti
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 158.
|[[Shire River|Shire]]
|1,200
|746
|160,000
|486
|[[Zambezi]]
|[[Mozambique]], [[Malawi]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 158.
|[[Ogooué River|Ogooué (or Ogowe)]]
|1,200
|746
|223,856
|5,890&lt;ref name=&quot;Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Hydrometeorology|doi=10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003&lt;0660:EOFDFC&gt;2.0.CO;2|url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/hydr/3/6/1525-7541_2002_003_0660_eofdfc_2_0_co_2.xml|last1=Aiguo|first1=Dai|last2=Kevin|first2=E. Trenberth|title=Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations|date=2002|volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=660–687|bibcode=2002JHyMe...3..660D }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Atlantic Ocean
|[[Gabon]], [[Republic of the Congo]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 161.
|[[Fimi River|Fimi]]-[[Lukenie River|Lukenie]]
|1,194
|742
|133,432
|
|Kasai
|Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 162.
|[[Mobile River|Mobile]]
|1,192
|741
|115,000
|1,900
|Gulf of Mexico
|US
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 163.
|[[Lukuga River|Lukuga]]
|1,184
|736
|244,500
|
|[[Lualaba River|Lualaba]]
|Tanzania (62%), Democratic Republic of the Congo (26%), Zambia (6%), Burundi (5%), Rwanda (2%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 164.
|[[Min River (Sichuan)|Min]]-[[Dadu River|Dadu]]
|1,182
|734
|133,000
|2,850
|Yangtze
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 165.
|[[Markha (Vilyuy)|Markha]]
|1,181
|734
|99,000
|405
|[[Vilyuy]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 166.
|[[Aripuanã River|Aripuanã]]
|1,175
|730
|147,224
|4,064
|Madeira
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 167.
|[[Milk River (Alberta–Montana)|Milk]]
|1,173
|729
|62,000
|17.5
|
[[Missouri River|Missouri]]
|United States, Canada
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 168.
|[[Mun River|Mun]] - [[Chi River|Chi]]
|1,162
|722
|119,180
|725
|[[Mekong|Mekong River]]
|[[Thailand]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 168.
|[[White River (Arkansas)|White]]
|{{convert|722|mi|disp=number}}
|722&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Rogers |first1=Aaron W. |title=White River - Encyclopedia of Arkansas |url=http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=2310 |website=www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net |access-date=27 October 2018 |archive-date=27 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027143308/http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=2310 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|71,910
|834.8
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 170.
|[[Chindwin River|Chindwin]]
|1,158
|720
|114,685
|4,740
|[[Ayeyarwady River|Ayeyarwady]]
|Myanmar
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 171.
|[[Sankuru River|Sankuru]]
|1,150
|715
|150,000
|
|[[Kasai River|Kasai]]
|Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 171.
|[[Wu River (Yangtze River tributary)|Wu]]
|1,150
|715
|80,300
|1,108
|[[Yangtze]]
|China
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 173.
|[[Red River (Asia)|Red (Asia)]]
|1,149
|714
|143,700
|4,300&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Krystian W. Pilarczyk |author-link=Krystian Pilarczyk |date=January 2003 |title=Bank erosion Mekong Delta and Red River |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294892187 |access-date=6 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Gulf of Tonkin]]
|China, Vietnam
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 174.
|[[James River (Dakotas)|James (Dakotas)]]
|1,143
|710
|54,240
|18.3
|[[Missouri River|Missouri]]
|United States
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 175.
|[[Kapuas River|Kapuas]]
|1,143
|710
|98,749
|6,012&lt;ref name=&quot;Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences|doi=10.1002/2016JG003701|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317140380|last1=Ting-Hsuan|first1=Huang|last2=Chen-Tung|first2=Arthur Chen|last3=Hsiao-Chun|first3=Tseng|last4=Jiann-Yuh|first4=Lou|last5=Shu Lun|first5=Wang|last6=Liyang|first6=Yang|last7=Selvaraj|first7=Kandasamy|last8=Xuelu|first8=Gao|last9=Jough-Tai|first9=Wang|last10=Edvin|first10=Aldrian|last11=G.S.|first11=Jacinto|last12=Gusti Z.|first12=Anshari|last13=Penjai|first13=Sompongchaiyakul|last14=B.J.|first14=Wang|title=Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS|date=May 2017|s2cid=135024272|volume=122|issue=5|pages =1239–1259 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[South China Sea]]
|[[Indonesia]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 176.
|[[Paraíba do Sul River|Paraíba do Sul]]
|1,137
|696
|56,000
|
|Atlantic Ocean
|Brazil
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 177.
|[[Yobe River|Yobe]]-[[Hadejia River|Hadejia]]
|1,135
|705
|183,009
|
|Lake Chad
|Nigeria (68%), Niger (32%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 178.
|[[Desna (river)|Desna]]
|1,130
|702
|88,900
|360
|[[Dnieper]]
|Russia, [[Belarus]], [[Ukraine]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 178.
|[[Helmand River|Helmand]]
|1,130
|702
|150,000
|
|[[Hamun-i-Helmand]]
|[[Afghanistan]], Iran
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 178.
|[[Tietê River|Tietê]]
|1,130
|702
|72,168
|937
|[[Paraná River|Paraná]]
|Brazil
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot;| 178.
|[[Vychegda]]
|1,130
|702
|121,000
|1160
|[[Northern Dvina]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 182.
|[[Sepik]]
|1,126
|700
|77,700&lt;ref name=&quot;Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/114888/2/b12297859.pdf|title=Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea|last=Ernst|first=Loffler|year=1977}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|5,000&lt;ref name=&quot;Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/114888/2/b12297859.pdf|title=Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea|last=Ernst|first=Loffler|year=1977}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Pacific Ocean
|[[Papua New Guinea]], [[Indonesia]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 182.
|[[Sobat River|Sobat]]-[[Pibor River|Pibor]]
|1,126
|700
|225,000
|412
|White Nile
|South Sudan (60%), Ethiopia (29%), Kenya (10%), Uganda (2%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 184.
|[[Orkhon River|Orkhon]]
|1,124
|698
|132,835
|66
|[[Selenga]]
|Mongolia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 185.
|[[Cimarron River (Arkansas River)|Cimarron]]
|1,123
|698
|49,100
|32.9
|[[Arkansas River|Arkansas]]
|United States
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 186.
|[[Anadyr (river)|Anadyr]]
|1,120
|696
|191,000
|2,020
|[[Gulf of Anadyr]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 187.
|[[Jialing River]]
|1,119
|695
|160,000
|
|[[Yangtze]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 188.
|[[Liard River|Liard]]
|1,115
|693
|277,100
|2,434
|[[Mackenzie River|Mackenzie]]
|Canada
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 189.
|[[Omolon]]
|1,114
|692
|113,000
|
|[[Kolyma (river)|Kolyma]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 190.
|[[Mamberamo River]]
|1,112
|691
|78,992
|5,923
|[[Pacific Ocean]]
|[[Indonesia]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 191.
|[[Cumberland River|Cumberland]]
|1,105
|687
|46,830
|862
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
|United States
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 192.
|[[Omo River|Omo]]
|1,104&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|686
|86,657
|915.5
|[[Lake Turkana]]
|Ethiopia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 193.
|[[Bani River|Bani]]
|1,100
|684
|146,570
|
|Niger
|Mali (80%), Ivory Coast (15%), Burkina Faso (5%), Guinea (0.1%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 193.
|[[Huallaga River|Huallaga]]
|1,100
|684
|90,000
|3,800
|[[Marañón River (Peru)|Marañón]]
|Peru
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 193.
|[[Kwango River|Kwango]]
|1,100
|684
|263,500
|2,700
|Kasai
|Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 193.
|[[Draa River|Draa]]
|1,100
|684
|95,000
|
|Atlantic Ocean
|[[Morocco]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 197.
|[[Gambia River|Gambia]]
|1,094
|680
|78,000
|
|Atlantic Ocean
|[[The Gambia]], [[Senegal]], [[Guinea]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 198.
|[[Tyung]]
|1,092
|679
|49,800
|
|[[Vilyuy]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 199.
|[[Barito River]]
|1,090
|680
|81,675
|5,497
|[[Java Sea]]
|[[Indonesia]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 200.
|[[Maya (Aldan)|Maya]]
|1,087
|675
|171,000
|1,180
|Aldan
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 201.
|[[Yellowstone River|Yellowstone]]
|1,080
|671
|114,260
|390
|[[Missouri River|Missouri]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 201.
|[[Ghaghara River|Ghaghara]]
|1,080
|671
|127,950
|2,990
|[[Ganges]]
|India, Nepal, China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 203.
|[[Huai River]]
|1,078
|670
|270,000
|1,110
|[[Yangtze]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 204.
|[[Aras (river)|Aras]]
|1,072
|665
|102,000
|285
|[[Kura (South Caucasus river)|Kura]]
|Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 205.
|[[Chu (river)|Chu]]
|1,067
|663
|62,500
|
|none
|[[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Kazakhstan]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 205.
|[[Sanaga River|Sanaga-Djérem]]
|1,067
|663
|140,000
|2,072
|[[Bight of Biafra]]
|Cameroon, Nigeria, Central African Republic
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 207.
|[[Donets|Seversky Donets]]
|1,053 (1,078)
|654 (670)
|98,900
|159
|[[Don (river)|Don]]
|Russia, Ukraine
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 208.
|[[Bermejo River|Bermejo]]
|1,050
|652
|125,000
|
|[[Paraguay River|Paraguay]]
|Argentina, Bolivia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 208.
|[[Cunene River|Cunene]]
|1,050
|652
|108,943
|
|Atlantic Ocean
|Angola (85%), Namibia (15%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 208.
|[[Fly River|Fly]]
|1,050
|652
|75,800
|6,500
|[[Gulf of Papua]]
|[[Papua New Guinea]], [[Indonesia]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 208.
|[[Kuskokwim River|Kuskokwim]]
|1,050
|652
|120,000
|1,900
|[[Bering Sea]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 212.
|[[Tennessee River|Tennessee]]
|1,049
|652
|105,870
|1,998
|[[Ohio River|Ohio]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 213.
|[[Oder]]–[[Warta]]
|1,045
|649
|118,861
|550
|[[Baltic Sea]]
|Poland, Germany, Czech Republic
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 214.
|[[Apure River|Apure]]
|1,038
|645
|167,000
|2,300
|Orinoco
|Venezuela (99.8%), Colombia (0.2%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 215.
|[[Logone River|Logone]]
|1,033
|642
|78,000
|492
|[[Chari River|Chari]]
|Chad (53%), Cameroon (34%), Central African Republic (14%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 216.
|[[Aruwimi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;bossche&quot; /&gt;
|1,030
|640
|116,100
|2,200
|[[Congo River|Congo]]
|Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 217.
|[[Chambal River|Chambal]]
|1,024
|636
|143,219
|456
|[[Yamuna River|Yamuna]]
|[[India]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 217.
|[[Pur (Russia)|Pur]]
|1,024
|636
|112,000
|
|Taz Estuary
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 219.
|[[Daugava]]
|1,020
|634
|87,900
|678
|[[Gulf of Riga]]
|[[Latvia]], [[Belarus]], Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 220.
|[[Gila River|Gila]]
|1,015
|631
|151,000
|7
|[[Colorado River|Colorado]] (western U.S.)
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 221.
|[[Essequibo River|Essequibo]]
|1,014
|630
|156,828&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tilman |first=Eric |title=Rivers Network - Atlantic North Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&amp;id=167&amp;catid=329&amp;Itemid=179#tab-4753 |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=Rivers Network |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|5,136&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
|Atlantic Ocean
|[[Guyana]], Venezuela
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 222.
|[[Loire]]
|1,012
|629
|115,271
|840
|Atlantic Ocean
|France
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 223.
|[[Khopyor]]
|1,010
|628
|61,100
|150
|[[Don (river)|Don]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 224.
|[[Tagus]] &lt;small&gt;(Tajo/Tejo)&lt;/small&gt;
|1,006
|625
|80,100
|444
|Atlantic Ocean
|Spain, Portugal
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot; | 225.
|[[Flinders River]]
|1,004 &lt;ref name=&quot;geoaus&quot; /&gt;
|624
|109,000
|122&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian Natural Resources Atlas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003024130/http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-10-03|title=Australian Natural Resources Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Gulf of Carpentaria]]
|Australia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 226.
|[[Koksoak River|Koksoak]]
|1,000
|621
|136,262&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|2,800
|Ungava Bay
|Canada
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 226.
|[[Usumacinta River|Usumacinta]]
|1,000
|621
|134,400
|
|Gulf of Mexico
|Mexico, Guatemala 
|}

[[File:Miss R dam 27.jpg|thumb|The Mississippi River just north of [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]]]]
[[File:DSCN4262 rmosesspstlawrence e.jpg|thumb|Saint Lawrence River along the New York-Quebec border]]
*

&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>7quu6upxv28rbpw7fmixlo6mlyckdl4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>140028</id>
      <parentid>140027</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-12T14:29:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Updated Content</comment>
      <origin>140028</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="90124" sha1="1d54dm30yhb5q57t3pke2ncgahdpkom" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Nile.jpg|right|thumb|upright=1.15|The [[Nile]] as seen from a cruise boat between [[Luxor]] and [[Aswan]] in [[Egypt]]]]
[[File:1855 Colton Map or Chart of the World's Mountains and Rivers - Geographicus - MtsRvrs2-colton-1855.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Chart of the World's Mountains and Rivers by [[J. H. Colton]], 1855]]
Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla '''mɔɣa di waɣa pam dunia zaa yuya'''. Di nyɛla din pahi mɔɣ'shɛŋa din waɣilim paai kilomitanima 1,000.

==Gbunni zaŋ n-ti waɣilim ==
Binyɛra pam beni di gbaai bahindi mɔɣili maa pili shee baŋbu,&lt;ref name=&quot;amazon-river-source&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/02/140213-amazon-river-length-source-maps-science/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215030338/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/02/140213-amazon-river-length-source-maps-science/|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 15, 2014|title=Where Does the Amazon River Begin?|date=2014-02-15|website=National Geographic News|access-date=2018-12-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; koli'noli maa baŋbu n ti pahi waɣilim zahimbu&lt;ref&gt;for more on this, see [[coastline paradox]]&lt;/ref&gt; zaŋ n-ti mɔɣili waɣilim bin din gbaai di piligu zaŋ hali ni di kolinoli shee, din bɔŋɔ nyɛ din wuhiri mɔɣili waɣilim ni nyɛ shɛm. Lala zuɣu mɔɣa pam zahimbu kuli nyɛla buɣisibu. Nangbankpeeni nyɛla din beni zaŋ jandi dunia zaa mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari mɔɣili kam dama shɛba ʒimi ni Nile&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-nile&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nile-River|title=Nile River|year=2020|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=8 December 2020|archive-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010201930/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nile-River|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka shɛba mi yɛlli ni Amazon.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-amazon&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Amazon-River|title=Amazon River|year=2020|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=8 December 2020|archive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108222644/https://www.britannica.com/place/Amazon-River|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Nile ŋɔ  nyɛ so'kam ni daa na saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari mɔɣili kam dunia zaa amaa yuuni 2007 mini yuuni 2008 tabibi baŋdi shɛba nyɛla ban daa yɛlli ni  Amazon nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari mɔɣili kam dunia zaa&lt;ref name=&quot;AmazonRiver&quot;&gt;[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html Amazon Longer Than Nile River, Scientists Say] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815112238/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html |date=15 August 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc-amazon&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6759291.stm|title=Amazon river 'longer than Nile'|date=16 June 2007|access-date=3 August 2010|publisher=BBC News|archive-date=26 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926054938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6759291.stm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;inpe&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.inpe.br/ingles/news/news_dest29.php|title=Studies from INPE indicate that the Amazon River is 140km longer than the Nile|publisher=Brazilian National Institute for Space Research|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411011122/http://www.inpe.br/ingles/news/news_dest29.php|archive-date=11 April 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=3 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; din daa niŋ ka bɛ zahim li nyaaŋa.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-amazon-length&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/story/how-long-is-the-amazon-river|title=How Long Is the Amazon River?|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2018-12-24|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224171204/https://www.britannica.com/story/how-long-is-the-amazon-river|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lahabali shɛli bɛ ni daa zaŋ wuhi salo yuuni 2009 ka nyɛ din be ''International Journal of Digital Earth'' nyɛla din wuhi ni Nile nyɛ mɔɣili din waɣa gari mɔɣa zaa din be dunia.&lt;ref name=&quot;liu-etal-river-length&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Liu|first1=Shaochuang|last2=Lu|first2=P|last3=Liu|first3=D|last4=Jin|first4=P|last5=Wang|first5=W|date=2009-03-01|title=Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220473241|journal=Int. J. Digit. Earth|volume=2|issue=1|pages=80–87|doi=10.1080/17538940902746082|bibcode=2009IJDE....2...80L|s2cid=27548511|access-date=2018-12-24|archive-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223211543/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220473241_Pinpointing_the_sources_and_measuring_the_lengths_of_the_principal_rivers_of_the_world|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==List of river systems longer than 1,000 km==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Legend of colors used in main table, by continent
! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot;| [[Continent]] color key
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; |[[Geography of Africa|Africa]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; |[[Geography of Asia|Asia]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot; |[[Geography of Australia|Australia]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; |[[Geography of Europe|Europe]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; |[[Geography of North America|North America]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; |[[Geography of South America|South America]]
|}

{{Sticky header}}
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable sticky-header&quot;
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| Rank
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| River
!scope=&quot;col&quot; data-sort-type=number| Length (km)
!scope=&quot;col&quot; data-sort-type=number| Length (miles)
!scope=&quot;col&quot; data-sort-type=number| [[Drainage area]]&lt;br/&gt;(km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;br/&gt;{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}
!scope=&quot;col&quot; data-sort-type=number| Average [[Discharge (hydrology)|discharge]]&lt;br/&gt;(m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s)&lt;br/&gt;{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| Outflow
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| [[country|Countries]] in the drainage basin {{citation needed|date=January 2015}}
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 1.
|[[Nile]]–[[White Nile]]–[[Kagera River|Kagera]]–[[Nyabarongo River|Nyabarongo]]–[[Mwogo River|Mwogo]]–[[Rukarara River|Rukarara]]{{refn|The Nile is usually said to be the longest river in the world, with a length of about 6,650&amp;nbsp;km,&lt;ref name=britannica-nile/&gt; and the Amazon the second longest, with a length of at least 6,400&amp;nbsp;km.&lt;ref name=britannica-amazon/&gt; In 2007 and 2008, some scientists claimed that the Amazon has a length of 6,992&amp;nbsp;km and was longer than the Nile, whose length was calculated as 6,853&amp;nbsp;km.&lt;ref name=bbc-amazon/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Roach|first1=John|title=Amazon Longer Than Nile River, Scientists Say|date=18 June 2007 |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822042725/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 22, 2007|publisher=National Geographic|access-date=4 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=inpe/&gt; They achieved this result by adding the waterway from the Amazon's southern outlet through tidal canals and the Pará estuary of the Tocantins.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020|reason=This seems to be original research.}} The dispute is: &quot;Is the channel south of Isla de Marajó to be treated as part of the Amazon, or as part of the Rio Tocantins?&quot;{{Citation needed|date=December 2020|reason=This seems to be original research.}}
A [[Peer review|peer-reviewed]] article, published in 2009, states a length of 7,088&amp;nbsp;km for the Nile and 6,575&amp;nbsp;km for the Amazon, measured by using a combination of satellite image analysis and field investigations to the source regions.&lt;ref name=liu-etal-river-length/&gt;
According to the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', as of 2020, the length of the Amazon remains open to interpretation and continued debate.&lt;ref name=britannica-amazon/&gt;&lt;ref name=britannica-amazon-length/&gt; 
Note that disputed values have been put in parentheses.|name=longest|group=n}}
|6,650&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-nile&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(7,088)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=liu-etal-river-length/&gt;
|4,130&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-nile&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(4,404)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=liu-etal-river-length/&gt;
|3,254,555&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-02-17 |title=EarthTrends: The Environmental Information Portal |url=http://earthtrends.wri.org:80/maps_spatial/maps_detail_static.php?map_select=299&amp;theme=2 |access-date=2024-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217110756/http://earthtrends.wri.org:80/maps_spatial/maps_detail_static.php?map_select=299&amp;theme=2 |archive-date=17 February 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2,490&lt;ref name=&quot;Water accounting in the Nile River Basin&quot;&gt;{{cite report|url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/ca9895en|title=Water accounting in the Nile River Basin|publisher=FAO|pages=70|isbn=978-92-5-132982-5|date=2021|doi=10.4060/ca9895en|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]
|[[Ethiopia]], [[Eritrea]], [[Sudan]], [[Uganda]], [[Tanzania]], [[Kenya]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Egypt]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[South Sudan]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 2.
|[[Amazon River|Amazon]]–[[Ucayali River|Ucayali]]–[[Tambo River (Peru)|Tambo]]–[[Ene River|Ene]]–[[Mantaro River|Mantaro]]&lt;ref name=longest group=n/&gt;
|6,400&lt;ref name=britannica-amazon/&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(6,575)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=liu-etal-river-length/&gt;
|3,976&lt;ref name=britannica-amazon/&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(4,086)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=liu-etal-river-length/&gt;
|7,000,000&lt;ref name=britannica-amazon/&gt;
|230,000&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Texto original em pdf - melhor para a leitura |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.48075/amb.v2i1.23299.s4179 |access-date=2024-11-18 |doi=10.48075/amb.v2i1.23299.s4179 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Atlantic Ocean]]
|[[Brazil]], [[Peru]], [[Colombia]]

|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 3.
|[[Yangtze]]–[[Jinsha River|Jinsha]]–[[Tongtian River|Tongtian]]–[[Dangqu]] &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Chang Jiang)&lt;/small&gt;
|6,300&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(6,418)&lt;/small&gt;
|3,917&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(3,988)&lt;/small&gt;
|1,970,000&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivers Network - Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&amp;id=222&amp;catid=373&amp;Itemid=179|title=Rivers Network - Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Untitled Document |url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/eng-shuzi2003/gq/dili5.htm |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=www.china.org.cn}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|31,900&lt;ref name=&quot;Sediment sink-source transitions in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River estuary&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=Sediment sink-source transitions in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River estuary|last1=Yunping|first1=Yang|last2=Mingjin|first2=Zhang|last3=Jinhai|first3=Zheng|last4=Lingling|first4=Zhu|journal=Frontiers in Marine Science|year=2023|volume=10 | doi = 10.3389/fmars.2023.1201533 | doi-access = free|bibcode=2023FrMaS..1001533Y }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hydrological Cycle Volume III&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UAmCCwAAQBAJ|title=Hydrological Cycle Volume III|last1=Igor Alekseevich|first1=Shiklomanov|isbn=978-1-84826-026-9|year=2009|publisher=EOLSS Publications }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Zengxin |last2=Tao |first2=Hui |last3=Zhang |first3=Qiang |last4=Zhang |first4=Jinchi |last5=Forher |first5=Nicola |last6=Hörmann |first6=Georg |date=July 2010 |title=Moisture budget variations in the Yangtze River Basin, China, and possible associations with large-scale circulation |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00477-009-0338-7 |journal=Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment |language=en |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=579–589 |doi=10.1007/s00477-009-0338-7 |bibcode=2010SERRA..24..579Z |issn=1436-3240|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[East China Sea]]
|[[China]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 4.
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]–[[Missouri River|Missouri]]–[[Jefferson River|Jefferson]]–[[Beaverhead River|Beaverhead]]–[[Red Rock River (Montana)|Red Rock]]–[[Hell Roaring Creek|Hell Roaring]]
|6,275&lt;br&gt;
|3,902&lt;br&gt;
|3,248,000
|21,300&lt;ref name=&quot;Variability of Carbon Export in the Lower Mississippi River during an Extreme Cold and Warm Year&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Water|doi=10.3390/w14193044|last1=Lee|first1=Potter|last2=Y. Jun|first2=Xu|title=Variability of Carbon Export in the Lower Mississippi River during an Extreme Cold and Warm Year|date=2022|volume=14|issue=19|page=3044 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022Water..14.3044P }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;US&quot; /&gt;
|[[Gulf of Mexico]]
|[[United States]] (98.5%), [[Canada]] (1.5%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 5.
|[[Yenisey]]–[[Angara]]–[[Selenga]]–[[Ider River|Ider]]
|5,539
|3,445
|2,580,000&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Stadnyk |first1=Tricia A. |last2=Tefs |first2=A. |last3=Broesky |first3=M. |last4=Déry |first4=S. J. |last5=Myers |first5=P. G. |last6=Ridenour |first6=N. A. |last7=Koenig |first7=K. |last8=Vonderbank |first8=L. |last9=Gustafsson |first9=D. |date=2021-05-28 |title=Changing freshwater contributions to the Arctic |url=https://online.ucpress.edu/elementa/article/9/1/00098/117201/Changing-freshwater-contributions-to-the-ArcticA |journal=Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |language=en |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=00098 |doi=10.1525/elementa.2020.00098 |bibcode=2021EleSA...9...98S |issn=2325-1026|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20,200&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Kara Sea]]
|[[Russia]] (97%), [[Mongolia]] (2.9%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 6.
|[[Yellow River]] &lt;small&gt;(Huang He)&lt;/small&gt;
|5,464
|3,395
|752,546
|2,571
|[[Bohai Sea]]
|China
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 7.
|[[Ob (river)|Ob]]–[[Irtysh]]
|5,410
|3,364
|2,990,000&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|13,100&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Gulf of Ob]]
|Russia, [[Kazakhstan]], China, Mongolia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 8.
|[[Río de la Plata]]–[[Paraná River|Paraná]]–[[Rio Grande (Paraná River)|Rio Grande]]&lt;ref name=britannica&gt;{{cite web |title= Río de la Plata |publisher= [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url= https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/463804/Rio-de-la-Plata |access-date= 11 August 2010 |archive-date= 9 May 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150509112732/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/463804/Rio-de-la-Plata |url-status= live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|4,880&lt;br&gt;
|3,030&lt;br&gt;
|3,182,064&lt;ref name=&quot;Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://iwlearn.net/resolveuid/92c8003b-1b64-424e-b251-602185ffa061|title=Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|27,225&lt;ref name=&quot;Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://iwlearn.net/resolveuid/92c8003b-1b64-424e-b251-602185ffa061|title=Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Río de la Plata]]
|Brazil (46.7%), [[Argentina]] (27.7%), [[Paraguay]] (13.5%), Bolivia (8.3%), [[Uruguay]] (3.8%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 9.
|[[Congo River|Congo]]–[[Lualaba River|Lualaba]]-[[Luvua River|Luvua]]-[[Luapula River|Luapula]]-[[Chambeshi River|Chambeshi]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Zaïre)&lt;/small&gt;
|4,700&lt;br&gt;
|2,922&lt;br&gt;
|3,680,000
|41,400&lt;ref name=&quot;Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Hydrometeorology|doi=10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003&lt;0660:EOFDFC&gt;2.0.CO;2|url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/hydr/3/6/1525-7541_2002_003_0660_eofdfc_2_0_co_2.xml|last1=Aiguo|first1=Dai|last2=Kevin|first2=E. Trenberth|title=Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations|date=2002|volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=660–687|bibcode=2002JHyMe...3..660D }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Atlantic Ocean
|Democratic Republic of the Congo, [[Central African Republic]], [[Angola]], [[Republic of the Congo]], [[Tanzania]], [[Cameroon]], [[Zambia]], [[Burundi]], [[Rwanda]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 10.
|[[Amur]]–[[Argun (Amur)|Argun]]
&lt;small&gt;(Heilong Jiang)&lt;/small&gt;
|4,444
|2,763
|1,855,000
|12,360&lt;ref name=&quot;Intra-Seasonal Variability&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Remote Sensing|title=Intra-Seasonal Variability of Sea Level on the Southwestern Bering Sea Shelf and Its Impact on the East Kamchatka and East Sakhalin Currents|doi=10.3390/rs15204984|volume=15|issue=20|last1=Andrey|first1=Andreev|year=2023|page=4984 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023RemS...15.4984A }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Sea of Okhotsk]]
|Russia, China, Mongolia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 11.
|[[Lena (river)|Lena]]
|4,400
|2,736
|2,490,000&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|18,300&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Laptev Sea]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 12.
|[[Mekong]] &lt;small&gt;(Lancang Jiang)&lt;/small&gt;
|4,350
|2,705
|810,000
|16,010&lt;ref name=&quot;Hydrological Cycle Volume III&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UAmCCwAAQBAJ|title=Hydrological Cycle Volume III|last1=Igor Alekseevich|first1=Shiklomanov|isbn=978-1-84826-026-9|year=2009|publisher=EOLSS Publications }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[South China Sea]]
|China, [[Myanmar]], [[Laos]], [[Thailand]], [[Cambodia]], [[Vietnam]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 13.
|[[Mackenzie River|Mackenzie]]–[[Slave River|Slave]]–[[Peace River (Canada)|Peace]]–[[Finlay River|Finlay]]
|4,241
|2,637
|1,805,200&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|9,800&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Beaufort Sea]]
|Canada
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 14.
|[[Niger River|Niger]]
|4,200
|2,611
|2,117,700&lt;ref name=&quot;Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin&quot;&gt;{{cite book |url=https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1274en |title=Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin |year=2020 |doi=10.4060/cb1274en |isbn=978-92-5-133378-5|s2cid=242320135 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|8,570&lt;ref name=&quot;Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin&quot;&gt;{{cite book |url=https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1274en |title=Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin |year=2020 |doi=10.4060/cb1274en |isbn=978-92-5-133378-5|s2cid=242320135 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Gulf of Guinea]]
|[[Nigeria]] (26.6%), [[Mali]] (25.6%), [[Niger]] (23.6%), [[Algeria]] (7.6%), [[Guinea]] (4.5%), [[Cameroon]] (4.2%), [[Burkina Faso]] (3.9%), [[Côte d'Ivoire]], [[Benin]], [[Chad]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 15.
|[[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]]–[[Yarlung Tsangpo]]
|3,969
|2,466
|712,035
|27,000&lt;ref name=&quot;Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Water Resources Development|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07900627.2019.1579705|title=Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia|last1=Golam|first1=Rasul|last2=Nilhari|first2=Neupane|last3=Abid|first3= Hussain|last4=Binaya|first4=Pasakhala|volume=37|issue=3|doi=10.1080/07900627.2019.1579705|year=2019|pages=466–490 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;xinhua&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-08/22/c_131067137.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230065600/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-08/22/c_131067137.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=December 30, 2013 | title=Scientists pinpoint sources of four major international rivers | publisher=[[Xinhua News Agency]] | date=22 August 2011 | access-date=8 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;britannican&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Brahmaputra-River |title=Brahmaputra River |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=2017-04-11 |archive-date=2020-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426144608/https://www.britannica.com/place/Brahmaputra-River |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Ganges]]
|[[India]] (58.0%), China (28.8%), [[Bangladesh]] (6.6%), Disputed India/China (4.2%), [[Bhutan]] (2.4%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot;| 16.
|[[Murray River|Murray]]–[[Darling River|Darling]]–[[Culgoa River|Culgoa]]–[[Balonne River|Balonne]]–[[Condamine River|Condamine]]
|3,672&lt;ref name=geoaus&gt;{{cite web|title=Longest Rivers|date=15 May 2014|url=http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/geographic-information/landforms/longest-rivers|publisher=Geoscience Australia|access-date=9 February 2021|archive-date=5 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905170020/http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/geographic-information/landforms/longest-rivers|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2,282
|1,061,000
|767
|Southern Ocean
|Australia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 17.
|[[Tocantins River|Tocantins]]–[[Araguaia River|Araguaia]]
|3,650
|2,270
|950,000
|17,600&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Atlantic Ocean ([[Marajó Bay]]), [[Amazon Delta]]
|Brazil
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot;| 18.
|[[Volga]]
|3,645
|2,266
|1,380,000
|8,380&lt;ref name=&quot;THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=http://isi.irtces.org/isi/rootfiles/2017/07/04/1496391629451299-1498713525725099.pdf|title=THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT|last1=Valentin|first1=Golosov|last2=Vladimir|first2=Belayev|year=2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Caspian Sea]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 19.
|[[Shatt al-Arab]]–[[Euphrates]]–[[Murat River|Murat]]
|3,596
|2,236
|938,173&lt;ref name=&quot;General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=International Journal of Water|url=https://faculty.uobasrah.edu.iq/uploads/publications/1586448033.pdf|doi=10.1504/IJW.2019.106049|title=General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq|last1=Safaa|first1=Al-Asadi|last2=Abdulzahra|first2=Alhello|volume=13|pages=360–375|year=2019|issue=4 |bibcode=2019IJWat..13..360A }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|3,350&lt;ref name=&quot;General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=International Journal of Water|url=https://faculty.uobasrah.edu.iq/uploads/publications/1586448033.pdf|doi=10.1504/IJW.2019.106049|title=General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq|last1=Safaa|first1=Al-Asadi|last2=Abdulzahra|first2=Alhello|volume=13|pages=360–375|year=2019|issue=4 |bibcode=2019IJWat..13..360A }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Persian Gulf]]
|[[Iraq]], [[Turkey]], [[Syria]], [[Iran]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 20.
|[[Madeira River|Madeira]]–[[Mamoré River|Mamoré]]–[[Río Grande (Bolivia)|Grande]]–[[Caine River|Caine]]–[[Rocha River|Rocha]]
|3,380
|2,100
|1,485,200
|31,200&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Brazil, Bolivia, Peru
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 21.
|[[Purús River|Purús]]
|3,211
|1,995
|376,600&lt;ref name=&quot;PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%25C3%25B3stico-Progn%25C3%25B3stico-e-Cen%25C3%25A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III|date=Jan 2019|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|11,207&lt;ref name=&quot;PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%25C3%25B3stico-Progn%25C3%25B3stico-e-Cen%25C3%25A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III|date=Jan 2019|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Brazil, Peru
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 22.
|[[Yukon River|Yukon]]
|3,185
|1,980&lt;ref name=US&gt;{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/ofr87-242/|title=Largest Rivers in the United States|last=J.C. Kammerer|date=1 September 2005|publisher=US Geological Survey|access-date=25 January 2015|archive-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513200054/https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/ofr87-242/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|854,700&lt;ref name=&quot;DISTRIBUTION AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF JUVENILE SALMON AND OTHER FISHES IN THE YUKON DELTA&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://espis.boem.gov/final%20reports/86.pdf|title=DISTRIBUTION AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF JUVENILE SALMON AND OTHER FISHES IN THE YUKON DELTA|last1=Douglas|first1=J. Martin|last2=Clifford|first2=J. Whitmus|last3=Lon|first3=E. Hachmeister|year=1987}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|7,000&lt;ref name=&quot;DISTRIBUTION AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF JUVENILE SALMON AND OTHER FISHES IN THE YUKON DELTA&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://espis.boem.gov/final%20reports/86.pdf|title=DISTRIBUTION AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF JUVENILE SALMON AND OTHER FISHES IN THE YUKON DELTA|last1=Douglas|first1=J. Martin|last2=Clifford|first2=J. Whitmus|last3=Lon|first3=E. Hachmeister|year=1987}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Bering Sea]]
|United States (59.8%), Canada (40.2%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 23.
|[[Indus River|Indus]]–[[Sênggê Zangbo]]
|3,180
|1,976
|1,081,718&lt;ref name=&quot;researchgate.net&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312752687 |title=Critical Evaluation and Assessment of Average Annual Precipitation in The Indus, The Ganges and The Brahmaputra Basins, Northern India – Himalayan Cryospheric Observations and Modelling (HiCOM) |last1=Amir |first1=Khan |last2=Naresh |first2=Pant |last3=Anuj |first3=Goswami |last4=Ravish |first4=Lal |last5=Rajesh |first5=Joshi |date=Dec 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|5,533&lt;ref name=&quot;researchgate.net&quot;/&gt;
|[[Arabian Sea]]
|Pakistan (93%), India and China
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 24.
|[[São Francisco River|São Francisco]]
|3,180*&lt;br&gt;(2,900)
|1,976*&lt;br&gt;(1,802)
|610,000
|3,300
|Atlantic Ocean
|Brazil
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 25.
|[[Syr Darya]]–[[Naryn (river)|Naryn]]
|3,078
|1,913
|219,000
|703
|[[Aral Sea]]
|Kazakhstan, [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Tajikistan]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 26.
|[[Salween River|Salween]] &lt;small&gt;(Nu Jiang)&lt;/small&gt;
|3,060
|1,901
|324,000
|6,700&lt;ref name=&quot;Integrating Suspended Sediment Flux in Large Alluvial River Channels: Application of a Synoptic Rouse‐Based Model to the Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Baronas|first1=J. Jotautas|last2=Stevenson|first2=Emily I.|last3=Hackney|first3=Christopher R.|last4=Darby|first4=Stephen E.|last5=Bickle|first5=Michael J.|last6=Hilton|first6=Robert G.|last7=Larkin|first7=Christina S.|last8=Parsons|first8=Daniel R.|last9=Myo Khaing|first9=Aung|last10=Tipper|first10=Edward T.|title=Integrating Suspended Sediment Flux in Large Alluvial River Channels: Application of a Synoptic Rouse-Based Model to the Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface|volume=125|issue=9|year=2020|issn=2169-9003|doi=10.1029/2020JF005554|bibcode=2020JGRF..12505554B|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Changes in Indian Summer Monsoon Using Neodymium (Nd) Isotopes in the Andaman Sea During the Last 24,000 years&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://www.prl.res.in/~sunil/22__TripathiGR,%20SIngh%20SK%20Sr-Nd%20isotopes.pdf|title=Changes in Indian Summer Monsoon Using Neodymium (Nd) Isotopes in the Andaman Sea During the Last 24,000 years|last1=Harunur|first1=Rashid|last2=Alexandra|first2=T. Gourlan|last3=Brittany|first3=Marche
|last4=Kaylyn|first4=Sheppard|last5=Nabil|first5=Khélif|journal=Earth Systems and Environment |year=2019|volume=3 |issue=2 |page=105 |doi=10.1007/s41748-019-00105-0 |bibcode=2019ESE.....3..105R |s2cid=198422435 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Syvitski |first1=James P. M. |last2=Vörösmarty |first2=Charles J. |last3=Kettner |first3=Albert J. |last4=Green |first4=Pamela |year=2005 |title=Impact of Humans on the Flux of Terrestrial Sediment to the Global Coastal Ocean |url=http://instaar.colorado.edu/deltaforce/papers/global_sediment_flux.html |url-status=dead |journal=Science |volume=308 |issue=5720 |pages=376–80 |bibcode=2005Sci...308..376S |doi=10.1126/science.1109454 |pmid=15831750 |s2cid=11382265 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060919054444/http://instaar.colorado.edu/deltaforce/papers/global_sediment_flux.html |archive-date=2006-09-19 |access-date=2006-02-27|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Andaman Sea]]
|China (52.4%), Myanmar (43.9%), Thailand (3.7%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 27.
|[[Saint Lawrence River|Saint Lawrence]]–[[Niagara River|Niagara]]–[[Detroit River|Detroit]]–[[St. Clair River|Saint Clair]]–[[St. Marys River (Michigan–Ontario)|Saint Marys]]–[[Saint Louis River (Lake Superior tributary)|Saint Louis]]–[[North River (Minnesota)|North]] &lt;small&gt;([[Great Lakes]])&lt;/small&gt;
|3,058
|1,900&lt;ref name=US/&gt;
|1,030,000
|12,500&lt;ref name=&quot;Physical oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during 2023&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.938387/publication.html?wbdisable=true|title=Physical oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during 2023|date=July 2002 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Gulf of Saint Lawrence]]
|Canada (52.1%), United States (47.9%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 28.
|[[Rio Grande]]
|3,057
|1,900&lt;ref name=US/&gt;
|570,000
|82
|Gulf of Mexico
|United States (52.1%), [[Mexico]] (47.9%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 29.
|[[Lower Tunguska]]
|2,989
|1,857
|473,000
|3,600
|Yenisei
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 30.
|[[Colorado River|Colorado]]-[[Green River (Colorado River)|Green]] (western U.S.)
|2,945
|1,830&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-06 |title=The Mighty Colorado River – Once Known as Merely Grand |url=https://legisource.net/2021/05/06/the-mighty-colorado-river-once-known-as-merely-grand/ |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=Colorado LegiSource |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|390,000
|1,200
|[[Gulf of California]]
|United States, Mexico
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot;| 31.
|[[Danube]]–[[Breg (river)|Breg]] &lt;small&gt;(Donau, Dunăre, Duna, Dunav, Dunaj)&lt;/small&gt;
|2,888*
|1,795*
|801,463&lt;ref name=&quot;THE DANUBE RIVER AND ITS DELTA, HYDROGEOGRAPHYC CHARACTERISTICS-ACTUAL SYNTHESIS&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.limnology.ro/wrw2023/proceedings.html|title=THE DANUBE RIVER AND ITS DELTA, HYDROGEOGRAPHYC CHARACTERISTICS-ACTUAL SYNTHESIS}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|6,452&lt;ref name=&quot;THE DANUBE RIVER AND ITS DELTA, HYDROGEOGRAPHYC CHARACTERISTICS-ACTUAL SYNTHESIS&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.limnology.ro/wrw2023/proceedings.html|title=THE DANUBE RIVER AND ITS DELTA, HYDROGEOGRAPHYC CHARACTERISTICS-ACTUAL SYNTHESIS}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Black Sea]]
|[[Romania]] (28.9%), Hungary (11.7%), Austria (10.3%), [[Serbia]] (10.3%), Germany (7.5%), [[Slovakia]] (5.8%), [[Bulgaria]] (5.2%), [[Croatia]] (4.5%), [[Ukraine]] (3.8%), [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Moldova]], [[Montenegro]], [[Czech Republic]], [[Switzerland]], [[Slovenia]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2009|title=The Danube river bassin, facts and figures|url=https://www.icpdr.org/sites/default/files/nodes/documents/icpdr_facts_figures.pdf|access-date=2024-12-21 |website= icpdr.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 32.
|[[Irrawaddy River]]–[[N'Mai River]]–[[Dulong River]]–[[Kelaoluo]]–[[Gada Qu]]
|2,809*
|1,745.8*
|404,200*
|15,112&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/myanmar/index.stm|title=Water Resources of Myanmar|publisher=AQUASTAT|access-date=2010-09-21|quote=Adding the sections gives Irrawaddy a discharge of 476.9 cubic kilometers per year, which translates to 15,112 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727110424/http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/myanmar/index.stm|archive-date=2010-07-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Andaman Sea]]
|[[China]], [[Myanmar]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 33.
|[[Zambezi]] &lt;small&gt;(Zambesi)&lt;/small&gt;
|2,740*
|1,703*
|1,330,000
|4,880
|[[Mozambique Channel]]
|[[Zambia]] (41.6%), [[Angola]] (18.4%), [[Zimbabwe]] (15.6%), [[Mozambique]] (11.8%), [[Malawi]] (8.0%), [[Tanzania]] (2.0%), [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 34.
|[[Vilyuy]]
|2,720
|1,700
|454,000
|1,480
|[[Lena (river)|Lena]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 35.
|[[Padma River|Padma]]-[[Ganges River|Ganges]]-[[Alaknanda River|Alaknanda]] &lt;small&gt;(Ganga)&lt;/small&gt;
|2,704&lt;ref name=&quot;Parua2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Parua|first=Pranab Kumar|title=The Ganga: water use in the Indian subcontinent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yUc7Cus2a-MC&amp;pg=PA272|access-date=17 May 2011|date=3 January 2010|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-90-481-3102-0|page=272}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,690
|1,024,000
|16,000&lt;ref name=&quot;Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Water Resources Development|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07900627.2019.1579705|title=Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia|last1=Golam|first1=Rasul|last2=Nilhari|first2=Neupane|last3=Abid|first3= Hussain|last4=Binaya|first4=Pasakhala|volume=37|issue=3|doi=10.1080/07900627.2019.1579705|year=2019|pages=466–490 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P2846800.html |title=Ganges–Farakka&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt; |access-date=2007-03-27 |archive-date=2018-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310201247/http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P2846800.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Bay of Bengal]]
|India, Bangladesh, China, Nepal
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 36.
|[[Amu Darya]]–[[Panj (river)|Panj]]
|2,620
|1,628
|534,739
|1,400
|[[Aral Sea]]
|[[Uzbekistan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Afghanistan]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 37.
|[[Japurá River|Japurá]] &lt;small&gt;(Caquetá)&lt;/small&gt;
|2,615*
|1,625*
|289,000&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18,122&lt;ref name=&quot;PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%25C3%25B3stico-Progn%25C3%25B3stico-e-Cen%25C3%25A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III|date=Jan 2019|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Brazil, Colombia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 38.
|[[Nelson River|Nelson]]–[[Saskatchewan River|Saskatchewan]]–[[South Saskatchewan River|South Saskatchewan]]–[[Bow River|Bow]]
|2,570
|1,597
|1,111,890&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|3,500&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Hudson Bay]]
|Canada, United States
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 39.
|[[River Paraguay|Paraguay]] &lt;small&gt;(Rio Paraguay)&lt;/small&gt;
|2,549
|1,584
|900,000
|4,300
|[[Paraná River|Paraná]]
|Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, Argentina
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 40.
|[[Kolyma (river)|Kolyma]]
|2,513
|1,562
|647,000&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|4,100&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[East Siberian Sea]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 41.
|[[Pilcomayo River|Pilcomayo]]
|2,500
|1,553
|270,000
|200
|[[Paraguay River|Paraguay]]
|[[Paraguay]], Argentina, Bolivia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 42.
|Upper [[Ob (river)|Ob]]–[[Katun (river)|Katun]]
|2,490
|1,547
|1,040,000
|
|[[Ob (river)|Ob]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 43.
|[[Ishim (river)|Ishim]]
|2,450
|1,522
|177,000
|56
|[[Irtysh]]
|Kazakhstan, Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 44.
|[[Orange River|Orange]]
|2,432
|1,511
|973,000
|365
|Atlantic Ocean
|[[South Africa]], [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], [[Lesotho]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 45.
|[[Ural (river)|Ural]]
|2,428
|1,509
|237,000
|475
|[[Caspian Sea]]
|Russia, Kazakhstan
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 46.
|[[Juruá]]
|2,410
|1,499
|190,573&lt;ref name=&quot;PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%25C3%25B3stico-Progn%25C3%25B3stico-e-Cen%25C3%25A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III|date=Jan 2019|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|6,004&lt;ref name=&quot;PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%25C3%25B3stico-Progn%25C3%25B3stico-e-Cen%25C3%25A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III|date=Jan 2019|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Peru, Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 47.
|[[Arkansas River|Arkansas]]
|2,348
|1,459
|505,000&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(435,122)&lt;/small&gt;
|1,066
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 48.
|[[Songhua River|Songhua]]
|2,309&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Amur-Heilong River Basin Reader |date=2008 |publisher=Ecosystems Limited |isbn=978-988-17227-1-3 |editor-last=Simonov |editor-first=Eugene A. |location=Hong Kong |editor-last2=Dahmer |editor-first2=Thomas D.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,435
|557,180
|2,410
|[[Amur]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 49.
|[[Olenyok (river)|Olenyok]]
|2,292
|1,424
|219,000
|1,210
|[[Laptev Sea]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 50.
|[[Dnieper]]
|2,287
|1,421
|516,300
|1,670
|[[Black Sea]]
|[[Ukraine]], [[Belarus]], Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 51.
|[[Aldan (river)|Aldan]]
|2,273
|1,412
|729,000
|5,501
|[[Lena (river)|Lena]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 52.
|[[Ubangi River|Ubangi]]–[[Uele River|Uele]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last= Bossche |first= J.P. vanden |author2= G. M. Bernacsek |title= Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Volume 1 |year= 1990 |publisher= Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |isbn= 978-92-5-102983-1 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&amp;pg=PA338 |page= 338 |access-date= 2016-10-28 |archive-date= 2023-11-10 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231110080724/https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&amp;pg=PA338#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status= live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2,270
|1,410
|651,915&lt;ref name=&quot;Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin |journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Becker |first1=M. |last2=Papa |first2=F. |last3=Frappart |first3=F. |last4=Alsdorf |first4=D. |last5=Calmant |first5=S. |last6=da Silva |first6=J. Santos |last7=Prigent |first7=C. |last8=Seyler |first8=F. |title=Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin |journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation |date=April 2018 |volume=66 |pages=196–209 |doi=10.1016/j.jag.2017.11.015 |bibcode=2018IJAEO..66..196B |s2cid=6873734 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01671764 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|5,936&lt;ref name=&quot;Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin |journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Becker |first1=M. |last2=Papa |first2=F. |last3=Frappart |first3=F. |last4=Alsdorf |first4=D. |last5=Calmant |first5=S. |last6=da Silva |first6=J. Santos |last7=Prigent |first7=C. |last8=Seyler |first8=F. |title=Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin |journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation |date=April 2018 |volume=66 |pages=196–209 |doi=10.1016/j.jag.2017.11.015 |bibcode=2018IJAEO..66..196B |s2cid=6873734 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01671764 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Congo River|Congo]]
|[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Central African Republic]], [[Republic of Congo]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 53.
|[[Rio Negro (Amazon)|Negro]]
|2,250&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Ziesler |first1=R. |title=Las aguas continentales de América Latina: = The inland waters of Latin America |last2=Ardizzone |first2=G. D. |date=1979 |publisher=Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación |others=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-000780-9 |series=COPESCAL documentos técnicos |location=Roma}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,398
|720,114
|34,573&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Marinho |first1=Rogério Ribeiro |last2=Filziola |first2=Naziano Pantoja |last3=Martinez |first3=Jean-Michel |last4=Harmel |first4=Tristan |date=2022-01-13 |title=Suspended sediment transport estimation in Negro River (Amazon Basin) using MSI/Sentinel-2 data |url=https://rbgeomorfologia.org.br/rbg/article/view/2076 |journal=Revista Brasileira de Geomorfologia |language=pt |volume=23 |issue=1 |doi=10.20502/rbg.v23i1.2076 |issn=2236-5664|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 53.
|[[Columbia River|Columbia]]-[[Snake River|Snake]]
|2,250
|1,398&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Columbia River and Its Tributaries |url=https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/cvo/Historical/LewisClark/Maps/map_columbia_river_and_tributaries.shtml |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=USGS Volcanoes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|671,000
|7,500
|Pacific Ocean
|Canada (30%), United States (70%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 55.
|[[Tapajós]]-[[Teles Pires]]
|2,210
|1,290
|494,254
|13,540&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 56.
|[[Pearl River (China)|Pearl]]–[[Xi River|Xi]]-[[Xun River|Xun]]-[[Qian River|Qian]]-[[Hongshui River|Hongshui]]-[[Nanpan River|Nanpan]]
|2,200
|1,376
|437,000
|10,700&lt;ref name=&quot;Spatiotemporal Variation of Annual Runoff and Sediment Load in the Pearl River during 1953-2017&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Sustainability|title=Spatiotemporal Variation of Annual Runoff and Sediment Load in the Pearl River during 1953-2017|doi=10.3390/su11185007|volume=11|issue=18|last1=Huanyang|first1=Zhou|last2=Zhaoli|first2=Wag|last3=Xushu|first3=Wu|last4=Yuhong|first4=Chen|last5=Yixuan|first5=Zhong|last6=Zejun|first6=Li|last7=Jiachao|first7=Chen|last8=Jun|first8=Li|last9=Shenglian|first9=Guo|last10=Xiaohong|first10=Chen|date=2019|page=5007 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2019Sust...11.5007Z }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|South China Sea
|China (98.5%), [[Vietnam]] (1.5%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 57.
|[[Red River of the South|Red (USA)]]
|2,188
|1,360
|78,592
|875
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 58.
|[[Kasai River|Kasai]]
|2,153
|1,338
|880,200
|10,000
|[[Congo River|Congo]]
|[[Angola]], Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 59.
|[[Ohio River|Ohio]]–[[Allegheny River|Allegheny]]
|2,102
|1,306
|490,603
|7,957
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 60.
|[[Orinoco]]
|2,101
|1,306
|1,014,797&lt;ref name=&quot;XXI. PECES DEL FONDO DEL RÍO ORINOCO Y AFLUENTES PRINCIPALES (COLOMBIA-VENEZUELA): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370581100|title=XXI. PECES DEL FONDO DEL RÍO ORINOCO Y AFLUENTES PRINCIPALES (COLOMBIA-VENEZUELA): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos|last1=Carlos Andrés|first1=Lasso Alcalá|last2=Mónica Andrea|first2=Morales Betancourt|isbn=978-958-5183-65-0|doi=10.21068/eh9789585183629|year=2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|39,000&lt;ref name=&quot;XXI. PECES DEL FONDO DEL RÍO ORINOCO Y AFLUENTES PRINCIPALES (COLOMBIA-VENEZUELA): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370581100|title=XXI. PECES DEL FONDO DEL RÍO ORINOCO Y AFLUENTES PRINCIPALES (COLOMBIA-VENEZUELA): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos|last1=Carlos Andrés|first1=Lasso Alcalá|last2=Mónica Andrea|first2=Morales Betancourt|isbn=978-958-5183-65-0|doi=10.21068/eh9789585183629|year=2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;La geografía del agua&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://bibliofep.fundacionempresaspolar.org/media/1378189/agua_ti_cap03.pdf|title=La geografía del agua|last1=José Rafael|first1=Córdova|last2=Marcelo González|first2=Sanabria}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Atlantic Ocean
|Venezuela, Colombia, Guyana
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 61.
|[[Tarim River|Tarim]]
|2,100
|1,305
|1,020,000
|
|[[Lop Nur]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 61.
|[[Xingu River|Xingu]]
|2,100
|1,305
|520,292
|10,023
|Amazon
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 63.
|[[Jubba River|Jubba]]–[[Shebelle River|Shebelle]]
|2,064&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Lehner |first1=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2008EO100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |language=en |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008EO100001 |bibcode=2008EOSTr..89...93L |issn=0096-3941|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,282
|749,000
|
|[[Indian Ocean]]
|[[Ethiopia]], [[Somalia]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 64.
|[[Brazos River|Brazos]]-[[Double Mountain Fork Brazos River|Double Mountain Fork]]-[[North Fork Double Mountain Fork Brazos River|North Fork]]-[[Blackwater Draw]]
|2,060
|1,280&lt;ref name=&quot;US&quot; /&gt;
|116,000
|237.5
|Gulf of Mexico
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 65.
|Northern [[Salado River, Argentina|Salado]]
|2,010
|1,249
|203,000
|
|[[Paraná River|Paraná]]
|Argentina
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 66.
|[[Içá River|Içá]] &lt;small&gt;(Putumayo)&lt;/small&gt;
|2,005
|1,246
|120,545&lt;ref name=&quot;PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%25C3%25B3stico-Progn%25C3%25B3stico-e-Cen%25C3%25A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III|date=Jan 2019|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|8,520&lt;ref name=&quot;PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%25C3%25B3stico-Progn%25C3%25B3stico-e-Cen%25C3%25A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III|date=Jan 2019|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 67.
|[[Vitim (river)|Vitim]]
|1,978
|1,229
|225,000
|1,937
|[[Lena (river)|Lena]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 68.
|[[Chenab River|Chenab]]
|1,974
|675
|160,000
|977.3
|[[Indus River|Indus]]
|India, Pakistan
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 69.
|[[Tigris]]
|1,950
|1,212
|375,000
|1,014
|[[Shatt al-Arab]]
|Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Iran
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 70.
|[[Don (river)|Don]]
|1,870
|1,162
|425,600
|935
|[[Sea of Azov]]
|Russia, Ukraine
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 71.
|[[Stony Tunguska]]
|1,865
|1,159
|240,000
|1,750
|[[Yenisey]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 72.
|[[Pechora (river)|Pechora]]
|1,809
|1,124
|312,041&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|4,823&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|[[Barents Sea]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 73.
|[[Kama (river)|Kama]]
|1,805
|1,122
|507,000
|4,100&lt;ref name=&quot;THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=http://isi.irtces.org/isi/rootfiles/2017/07/04/1496391629451299-1498713525725099.pdf|title=THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT|last1=Valentin|first1=Golosov|last2=Vladimir|first2=Belayev|year=2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Volga]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 74.
|[[Limpopo River|Limpopo]]
|1,800
|1,118
|413,000
|313.4
|[[Indian Ocean]]
|[[Mozambique]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[South Africa]], [[Botswana]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 75.
|[[Chulym (Ob)|Chulym]]
|1,799
|1,118
|134,000
|
|[[Ob (river)|Ob]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 76.
|[[Guaviare River|Guaviare]]
|1,760
|1,090
|151,607
|7,529&lt;ref name=&quot;La geografía del agua&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://bibliofep.fundacionempresaspolar.org/media/1378189/agua_ti_cap03.pdf|title=La geografía del agua|last1=José Rafael|first1=Córdova|last2=Marcelo González|first2=Sanabria}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Orinoco]]
|Colombia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 77
|[[Marañón River (Peru)|Marañón]]
|1,737
|1,079
|364,873
|16,708
|Amazon
|Peru
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 78.
|[[Indigirka]]
|1,726
|1,072
|360,400
|1,810
|[[East Siberian Sea]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 79.
|[[Platte River|Platte]]
|1,690
|1,050
|219,900
|199.3
|[[Missouri River|Missouri]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 80.
|[[Senegal River|Senegal]]
|1,641
|1,020
|419,659
|680
|Atlantic Ocean
|[[Guinea]], [[Senegal]], [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 81.
|[[Khatanga (river)|Khatanga]]–[[Kotuy]]
|1,636
|1,017
|364,000&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|3,200&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Laptev Sea]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 82.
|Upper [[Jubba River|Jubba]]-[[Ganale Doria River|Ganale Dorya]]
|1,634&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|1,015
|214,441&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|316&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|Jubba River
|Ethiopia (69%), Somalia (27%), Kenya (5%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 83.
|[[Uruguay River|Uruguay]]
|1,610
|1,000
|353,451&lt;ref name=&quot;Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://iwlearn.net/resolveuid/92c8003b-1b64-424e-b251-602185ffa061|title=Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|7,058&lt;ref name=&quot;Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://iwlearn.net/resolveuid/92c8003b-1b64-424e-b251-602185ffa061|title=Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Uruguay River|url=https://www.saltogrande.org/rio_uruguay.php|publisher=Comisión Técnica Mixta de Salto Grande|access-date=9 August 2023|archive-date=8 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608184514/https://saltogrande.org/rio_uruguay.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Atlantic Ocean
|[[Uruguay]], Argentina, Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 84.
|[[Churchill River (Hudson Bay)|Churchill]]
|1,609
|1,000
|281,300
|1,200
|[[Hudson Bay]]
|Canada
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 85.
|[[Blue Nile]]
|1,600
|994
|326,400
|1,548
|[[Nile]]
|[[Ethiopia]], [[Sudan]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 85.
|[[Okavango River|Okavango]] &lt;small&gt;(Cubango)&lt;/small&gt;
|1,600
|994
|530,000
|475
|[[Okavango Delta]]
|[[Namibia]], [[Angola]], [[Botswana]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 85.
|[[Volta River|Volta]]
|1,600
|994
|407,093
|1,210
|[[Gulf of Guinea]]
|[[Ghana]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Togo]], [[Côte d'Ivoire]], [[Benin]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 88.
|[[Beni River|Beni]]
|1,599
|994
|283,350
|8,900
|[[Madeira River|Madeira]]
|Bolivia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 89.
|[[Shilka (river)|Shilka]]-[[Onon (river)|Onon]]
|1,592
|989
|206,000
|440
|Amur
|Russia (86%), Mongolia (14%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 90.
|[[Tobol]]
|1,591
|989
|426,000
|805
|[[Irtysh]]
|Kazakhstan, Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 91.
|[[Alazeya]]
|1,590
|988
|64,700
|320
|[[East Siberian Sea]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 92.
|[[Kafue River|Kafue]]
|1,576
|979
|155,000
|320
|[[Zambezi]]
|Zambia (99.6%), Democratic Republic of the Congo (0.4%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 93.
|[[Yalong River|Yalong]]
|1,571
|976
|128,444
|1,810
|[[Yangtze]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 94.
|[[Magdalena River|Magdalena]]
|1,550
|963
|263,858
|8,058&lt;ref name=&quot;ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2022&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://www.andi.com.co/Uploads/ENA%202022_compressed.pdf|title=ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2022|isbn=978-958-5489-12-7|year=2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Caribbean Sea]]
|Colombia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 95.
|[[Han River (Hanshui)|Han]]
|1,532
|952
|174,300
|1,632
|[[Yangtze]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 96.
|[[Kura (South Caucasus river)|Kura/Mt'k'vari]]
|1,515
|941
|188,400
|575
|[[Caspian Sea]]
|Turkey, [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Azerbaijan]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 97.
|[[Oka (river)|Oka]]
|1,500
|932
|245,000
|1,310&lt;ref name=&quot;THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=http://isi.irtces.org/isi/rootfiles/2017/07/04/1496391629451299-1498713525725099.pdf|title=THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT|last1=Valentin|first1=Golosov|last2=Vladimir|first2=Belayev|year=2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Volga]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot; | 97.
|Upper [[Murray River|Murray]]
|1,500&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Longest Rivers|date=24 November 2015|url=https://www.mdba.gov.au/discover-basin/catchments/lower-murray|publisher=Murray Darling Basin Authority|access-date=4 February 2019|archive-date=7 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207073839/https://www.mdba.gov.au/discover-basin/catchments/lower-murray|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|932
|260,000
|
|Lower [[Murray River|Murray]]
|Australia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 99.
|[[Yana (river)|Yana]]-[[Sartang (river)|Sartang]]
|1,492
|927
|238,000
|1,110
|Laptev Sea
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 100.
|[[Pecos River|Pecos]]
|1,490
|926
|115,000
|7.5
|[[Rio Grande]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot; | 101.
|[[Murrumbidgee River]]
|1,485 &lt;ref name=&quot;geoaus&quot; /&gt;
|923
|84,917
|120
|[[Murray River]]
|Australia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 102.
|Upper [[Yenisey]]–[[Little Yenisey|Little Yenisey (Kaa-Hem)]]
|1,480
|920
|360,000
|
|[[Yenisey]]
|Russia, Mongolia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 103.
|[[Godavari River|Godavari]]
|1,465
|910
|312,812
|3,061
|[[Bay of Bengal]]
|India
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 104.
|[[Sangha River|Sangha]]-[[Dja River|Ngoko-Dja]]
|1,459
|907
|233,740
|
|Congo
|Cameroon (45%), Republic of Congo (31%), Central African Republic (25%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 105.
|[[Vaal River|Vaal]]
|1,458
|906
|196,438
|125
|[[Orange River|Orange]]
|[[South Africa]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 106.
|[[Sutlej]]
|1,450
|900
|395,000
|2,946.66
|[[Chenab River|Chenab]]
|China, India, Pakistan
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 107.
|[[Ili (river)|Ili]] &lt;small&gt;(Yili)&lt;/small&gt;
|1,439
|870
|140,000
|480
|[[Lake Balkhash]]
|China, Kazakhstan
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 108.
|[[Olyokma]]
|1,436
|892
|210,000
|2,110
|[[Lena (river)|Lena]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 109.
|Upper [[Columbia River|Columbia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=USGS Water Resources: About USGS Water Resources |url=https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/huc_name.html |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=water.usgs.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,430
|889&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|292,316&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|3,364&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=USGS Gage #12472800 on the Columbia River below Priest Rapids Dam, WA (Water-Data Report 2013) |url=https://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2013/pdfs/12472800.2013.pdf |access-date=December 15, 2023 |website=National Water Information System |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Columbia River|Columbia]]
|United States, Canada
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 110.
|Upper [[Tocantins River|Tocantins]]
|1,427
|887
|310,000
|
|[[Tocantins River|Tocantins]]
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 111.
|[[Belaya (Kama)|Belaya]]
|1,420
|882
|142,000
|858
|[[Kama (river)|Kama]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot; | 111.
|[[Cooper Creek|Cooper]]–[[Barcoo River|Barcoo]]
|1,420
|880
|297,950&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian Natural Resources Atlas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003024130/http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-10-03|title=Australian Natural Resources Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|36&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian Natural Resources Atlas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003024130/http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-10-03|title=Australian Natural Resources Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Lake Eyre]]
|Australia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 113.
|[[Dniester]]
|1,411 (1,352)
|877 (840)
|72,100
|310
|[[Black Sea]]
|[[Ukraine]], [[Moldova]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 114.
|[[Taz (river)|Taz]]
|1,401
|871
|150,000
|1,450
|[[Taz Estuary]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 115.
|[[Benue River|Benue]]
|1,400
|870
|319,000
|3,477
|[[Niger River|Niger]]
|[[Cameroon]], [[Nigeria]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 115.
|[[Chari River|Chari]]
|1,400&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Chari River |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Chari-River |url-status=live |access-date=25 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521034537/https://www.britannica.com/place/Chari-River |archive-date=21 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|870
|548,747
|1,059
|[[Lake Chad]]
|[[Chad]], [[Cameroon]], [[Niger]], [[Nigeria]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 115.
|[[Parnaíba River|Parnaíba]]
|1,400
|870
|344,112
|
|Atlantic Ocean
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot; | 115.
|[[Warburton Creek|Warburton]]–[[Georgina River|Georgina]]
|1,400
|870
|408,005&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian Natural Resources Atlas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003024130/http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-10-03|title=Australian Natural Resources Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|60&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian Natural Resources Atlas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003024130/http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-10-03|title=Australian Natural Resources Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Lake Eyre]]
|Australia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 119.
|[[Colorado River (Texas)|Colorado]] (Texas)
|1,387
|862
|103,000 
|73.9
|Gulf of Mexico
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 120.
|[[Yamuna]]
|1,376
|855
|366,223
|2,950
|[[Ganges]]
|India
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 121.
|[[Apaporis River|Apaporis]]
|1,370
|851
|57,430.6
|4,092&lt;ref name=&quot;ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2010 (IDEAM) - Agua Superficial - Caracterización y análísis de la oferta&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=http://documentacion.ideam.gov.co/openbiblio/bvirtual/021888/CAP3.pdf|title=ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2010 (IDEAM) - Agua Superficial - Caracterización y análísis de la oferta|last1=Félix Dario|first1=Sánchez|last2=Martha|first2=García|last3=Omar|first3=Jaramillo|last4=Nelsy|first4=Verdugo|year=2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Japurá River|Japurá]]
|Colombia (93%), Brazil (7%),
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 121.
|[[Nen River|Nen]] &lt;small&gt;(Nonni)&lt;/small&gt;
|1,370
|851
|270,000
|
|[[Songhua River|Songhua]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 121.
|[[Vyatka (river)|Vyatka]]
|1,370
|851
|129,000
|890
|[[Kama (river)|Kama]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 124.
|[[Fraser River|Fraser]]
|1,368
|850
|220,000
|3,475
|Pacific Ocean
|Canada, United States&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Chilliwack River Valley: An Outdoor Enthusiast's Paradise |url=https://www.campingrvbc.com/blog/the-chilliwack-river-valley-an-outdoor-enthusiasts-paradise/ |website=Camping &amp; RVing BC |publisher=Camping and RVing British Columbia Coalition |access-date=27 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311125716/https://www.campingrvbc.com/blog/the-chilliwack-river-valley-an-outdoor-enthusiasts-paradise/ |archive-date=11 March 2016 |language=en |date=10 October 2017 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 125.
|[[Rio Grande (Paraná River)|Grande]]
|1,360
|845
|143,000
|
|[[Paraná River|Paraná]]
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 126.
|[[Kızıl River]]
|1,355
|734
|115,000
|400
|[[Black Sea]]
|Turkey
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 127.
|[[Madre de Dios River|Madre de Dios]]
|1,347
|837
|125,000
|4,915
|[[Beni River|Beni]]
|Peru, Bolivia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 128.
|[[Liao River|Liao]]-[[Xiliao River|Xiliao]]-Laoha
|1,345
|836
|232,000
|500
|[[Bohai Sea]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot; | 129.
|[[Lachlan River]]
|1,339 &lt;ref name=&quot;geoaus&quot; /&gt;
|832
|84,700
|49
|[[Murrumbidgee River]]
|Australia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 130.
|[[Narmada River|Narmada]]
|1,333 &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title= Narmada Basin |publisher= India WRIS |url= https://indiawris.gov.in/downloads/Narmada%20Basin.pdf |access-date= 29 November 2021 |archive-date= 29 November 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211129154850/https://indiawris.gov.in/downloads/Narmada%20Basin.pdf |url-status= live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|828
|98,796
|1,447
|[[Arabian Sea]]
|India
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 131.
|[[Hai River|Hai]]
|1,329
|826
|318,200
|717
|[[Bohai Sea]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 132.
|[[Branco River|Branco]]-[[Uraricoera River|Uraricoera]]
|1,326
|824
|192,393
|6,469
|[[Rio Negro (Amazon)|Rio Negro]]
|Brazil (96%), Guyana (7%), Venezuela (1%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 133.
|[[Iguassu River|Iguaçu]]
|1,320
|820
|67,537
|1,746
|[[Paraná River|Paraná]]
|Brazil, Argentina
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 134.
|[[Taseyeva]]-[[Chuna (river)|Chuna]]
|1,319
|820
|128,000
|740
|[[Angara]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 135.
|[[Javary River|Javari]]
|1,309
|814
|109,680&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivers Network-Amazon&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&amp;id=43&amp;catid=191&amp;Itemid=179|title=Rivers Network-Amazon|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|5,225&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivers Network-Amazon&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&amp;id=43&amp;catid=191&amp;Itemid=179|title=Rivers Network-Amazon|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Brazil (78%), Peru (22%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 136.
|[[Northern Dvina]]–[[Sukhona]]
|1,302
|809
|350,496&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|3,416&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|[[White Sea]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 137.
|[[Inírida River|Inírida]]
|1,300
|808
|53,816.9
|3,385&lt;ref name=&quot;ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2010 (IDEAM) - Agua Superficial - Caracterización y análísis de la oferta&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=http://documentacion.ideam.gov.co/openbiblio/bvirtual/021888/CAP3.pdf|title=ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2010 (IDEAM) - Agua Superficial - Caracterización y análísis de la oferta|last1=Félix Dario|first1=Sánchez|last2=Martha|first2=García|last3=Omar|first3=Jaramillo|last4=Nelsy|first4=Verdugo|year=2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Guaviare River|Guaviare]]
|Colombia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 137.
|[[Iriri River|Iriri]]
|1,300
|808
|141,943
|3,028
|[[Xingu River|Xingu]]
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 137.
|[[Neva]]-[[Vuoksi]]
|1,300
|808
|282,300
|2,628
|[[Gulf of Finland]]
|Russia, [[Finland]], Belarus
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 140.
|[[Ruki River|Ruki]]
|1,296
|805
|173,800
|4,450
|Congo
|Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 141.
|[[River Krishna|Krishna]]
|1,290
|800
|258,948
|2,213
|[[Bay of Bengal]]
|India
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 142.
|[[Lomami River|Lomami]]&lt;ref name=&quot;bossche&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last= Bossche |first= J.P. vanden |author2=G. M. Bernacsek |title= Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Volume 1 |year= 1990 |publisher= Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |isbn= 978-92-5-102983-1 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&amp;pg=PA333 |page= 333}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,280
|795
|110,000
|
|[[Congo River|Congo]]
|Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 143.
|[[Ottawa River|Ottawa]]
|1,271
|790
|146,300
|1,950
|[[Saint Lawrence River|Saint Lawrence]]
|Canada
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 144.
|[[Grande de Santiago River|Rio Grande de Santiago]]-[[Lerma River|Lerma]]
|1,270
|789
|119,543
|320
|Pacific Ocean
|Mexico
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 145.
|[[Guaporé River|Guaporé]] &lt;small&gt;(Itenez)&lt;/small&gt;
|1,260
|780
|341,000
|2,430
|[[Mamoré]]
|Brazil, Bolivia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 146.
|[[Red River of the North|Red (Canada)]]-[[Assiniboine River|Assiniboine]]-[[Souris River|Souris]]
|1,260
|780
|287,500
|244
|Lake Winnipeg
|Canada (56%), US (44%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 147.
|[[Elbe]]–[[Vltava]]
|1,252
|778
|148,268
|711
|[[North Sea]]
|Germany, [[Czech Republic]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 148.
|[[Zeya (river)|Zeya]]
|1,242
|772
|233,000
|1,810
|[[Amur]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 149.
|[[Juruena River|Juruena]]
|1,240
|771
|192,628
|4,936.7
|[[Tapajós]]
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 150.
|Upper [[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
|1,236
|768
|450,000
|4,800
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 151.
|[[Rhine]]
|1,233
|768
|185,000 &lt;ref&gt;If the Meuse is considered a tributary, the Rhine basin is 218,300&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|2,330
|[[North Sea]]
|Germany (57.3%), Switzerland (15.1%), Netherlands (12.3%), France (12.2%), [[Luxembourg]] (1.4%), Austria (1.3%), Belgium (0.4%), [[Liechtenstein]] (0.1%), Italy (0.03%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 152.
|[[Athabasca River|Athabasca]]
|1,231
|765
|95,300
|783
|[[Mackenzie River|Mackenzie]]
|Canada
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 153.
|[[Markha (Vilyuy)|Markha]]
|1,231
|765
|99,000
|405
|Vilyuy
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 154.
|[[Canadian River|Canadian]]
|1,223
|760
|123,220
|182.2
|[[Arkansas River|Arkansas]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 155.
|[[North Saskatchewan River|North Saskatchewan]]
|1,220
|758
|122,800
|238
|[[Saskatchewan River|Saskatchewan]]
|Canada
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 156.
|[[Kansas River|Kansas]]-[[Republican River|Republican]]
|1,218
|757
|155,690
|205
|Missouri
|US
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 157.
|[[Vistula]]–[[Narew]]-[[Bug (river)|Bug]]
|1,213
|754
|194,424
|1,080
|[[Baltic Sea]]
|Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Slovakia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 158.
|[[Awash River|Awash]]
|1,200&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&amp;view=doc&amp;id=184&amp;format=raw&amp;Itemid=466 &quot;Climate, 2008 National Statistics (Abstract)&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113215000/http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&amp;view=doc&amp;id=184&amp;format=raw&amp;Itemid=466|date=2010-11-13}}, Table A.1. Central Statistical Agency website (accessed 26 December 2009)&lt;/ref&gt;
|746
|69,197&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|152&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|[[Lake Abbe]]
|Ethiopia, Djibouti
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 158.
|[[Shire River|Shire]]
|1,200
|746
|160,000
|486
|[[Zambezi]]
|[[Mozambique]], [[Malawi]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 158.
|[[Ogooué River|Ogooué (or Ogowe)]]
|1,200
|746
|223,856
|5,890&lt;ref name=&quot;Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Hydrometeorology|doi=10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003&lt;0660:EOFDFC&gt;2.0.CO;2|url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/hydr/3/6/1525-7541_2002_003_0660_eofdfc_2_0_co_2.xml|last1=Aiguo|first1=Dai|last2=Kevin|first2=E. Trenberth|title=Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations|date=2002|volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=660–687|bibcode=2002JHyMe...3..660D }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Atlantic Ocean
|[[Gabon]], [[Republic of the Congo]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 161.
|[[Fimi River|Fimi]]-[[Lukenie River|Lukenie]]
|1,194
|742
|133,432
|
|Kasai
|Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 162.
|[[Mobile River|Mobile]]
|1,192
|741
|115,000
|1,900
|Gulf of Mexico
|US
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 163.
|[[Lukuga River|Lukuga]]
|1,184
|736
|244,500
|
|[[Lualaba River|Lualaba]]
|Tanzania (62%), Democratic Republic of the Congo (26%), Zambia (6%), Burundi (5%), Rwanda (2%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 164.
|[[Min River (Sichuan)|Min]]-[[Dadu River|Dadu]]
|1,182
|734
|133,000
|2,850
|Yangtze
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 165.
|[[Markha (Vilyuy)|Markha]]
|1,181
|734
|99,000
|405
|[[Vilyuy]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 166.
|[[Aripuanã River|Aripuanã]]
|1,175
|730
|147,224
|4,064
|Madeira
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 167.
|[[Milk River (Alberta–Montana)|Milk]]
|1,173
|729
|62,000
|17.5
|
[[Missouri River|Missouri]]
|United States, Canada
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 168.
|[[Mun River|Mun]] - [[Chi River|Chi]]
|1,162
|722
|119,180
|725
|[[Mekong|Mekong River]]
|[[Thailand]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 168.
|[[White River (Arkansas)|White]]
|{{convert|722|mi|disp=number}}
|722&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Rogers |first1=Aaron W. |title=White River - Encyclopedia of Arkansas |url=http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=2310 |website=www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net |access-date=27 October 2018 |archive-date=27 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027143308/http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=2310 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|71,910
|834.8
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 170.
|[[Chindwin River|Chindwin]]
|1,158
|720
|114,685
|4,740
|[[Ayeyarwady River|Ayeyarwady]]
|Myanmar
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 171.
|[[Sankuru River|Sankuru]]
|1,150
|715
|150,000
|
|[[Kasai River|Kasai]]
|Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 171.
|[[Wu River (Yangtze River tributary)|Wu]]
|1,150
|715
|80,300
|1,108
|[[Yangtze]]
|China
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 173.
|[[Red River (Asia)|Red (Asia)]]
|1,149
|714
|143,700
|4,300&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Krystian W. Pilarczyk |author-link=Krystian Pilarczyk |date=January 2003 |title=Bank erosion Mekong Delta and Red River |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294892187 |access-date=6 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Gulf of Tonkin]]
|China, Vietnam
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 174.
|[[James River (Dakotas)|James (Dakotas)]]
|1,143
|710
|54,240
|18.3
|[[Missouri River|Missouri]]
|United States
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 175.
|[[Kapuas River|Kapuas]]
|1,143
|710
|98,749
|6,012&lt;ref name=&quot;Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences|doi=10.1002/2016JG003701|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317140380|last1=Ting-Hsuan|first1=Huang|last2=Chen-Tung|first2=Arthur Chen|last3=Hsiao-Chun|first3=Tseng|last4=Jiann-Yuh|first4=Lou|last5=Shu Lun|first5=Wang|last6=Liyang|first6=Yang|last7=Selvaraj|first7=Kandasamy|last8=Xuelu|first8=Gao|last9=Jough-Tai|first9=Wang|last10=Edvin|first10=Aldrian|last11=G.S.|first11=Jacinto|last12=Gusti Z.|first12=Anshari|last13=Penjai|first13=Sompongchaiyakul|last14=B.J.|first14=Wang|title=Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS|date=May 2017|s2cid=135024272|volume=122|issue=5|pages =1239–1259 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[South China Sea]]
|[[Indonesia]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 176.
|[[Paraíba do Sul River|Paraíba do Sul]]
|1,137
|696
|56,000
|
|Atlantic Ocean
|Brazil
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 177.
|[[Yobe River|Yobe]]-[[Hadejia River|Hadejia]]
|1,135
|705
|183,009
|
|Lake Chad
|Nigeria (68%), Niger (32%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 178.
|[[Desna (river)|Desna]]
|1,130
|702
|88,900
|360
|[[Dnieper]]
|Russia, [[Belarus]], [[Ukraine]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 178.
|[[Helmand River|Helmand]]
|1,130
|702
|150,000
|
|[[Hamun-i-Helmand]]
|[[Afghanistan]], Iran
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 178.
|[[Tietê River|Tietê]]
|1,130
|702
|72,168
|937
|[[Paraná River|Paraná]]
|Brazil
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot;| 178.
|[[Vychegda]]
|1,130
|702
|121,000
|1160
|[[Northern Dvina]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 182.
|[[Sepik]]
|1,126
|700
|77,700&lt;ref name=&quot;Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/114888/2/b12297859.pdf|title=Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea|last=Ernst|first=Loffler|year=1977}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|5,000&lt;ref name=&quot;Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/114888/2/b12297859.pdf|title=Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea|last=Ernst|first=Loffler|year=1977}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Pacific Ocean
|[[Papua New Guinea]], [[Indonesia]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 182.
|[[Sobat River|Sobat]]-[[Pibor River|Pibor]]
|1,126
|700
|225,000
|412
|White Nile
|South Sudan (60%), Ethiopia (29%), Kenya (10%), Uganda (2%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 184.
|[[Orkhon River|Orkhon]]
|1,124
|698
|132,835
|66
|[[Selenga]]
|Mongolia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 185.
|[[Cimarron River (Arkansas River)|Cimarron]]
|1,123
|698
|49,100
|32.9
|[[Arkansas River|Arkansas]]
|United States
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 186.
|[[Anadyr (river)|Anadyr]]
|1,120
|696
|191,000
|2,020
|[[Gulf of Anadyr]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 187.
|[[Jialing River]]
|1,119
|695
|160,000
|
|[[Yangtze]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 188.
|[[Liard River|Liard]]
|1,115
|693
|277,100
|2,434
|[[Mackenzie River|Mackenzie]]
|Canada
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 189.
|[[Omolon]]
|1,114
|692
|113,000
|
|[[Kolyma (river)|Kolyma]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 190.
|[[Mamberamo River]]
|1,112
|691
|78,992
|5,923
|[[Pacific Ocean]]
|[[Indonesia]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 191.
|[[Cumberland River|Cumberland]]
|1,105
|687
|46,830
|862
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
|United States
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 192.
|[[Omo River|Omo]]
|1,104&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|686
|86,657
|915.5
|[[Lake Turkana]]
|Ethiopia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 193.
|[[Bani River|Bani]]
|1,100
|684
|146,570
|
|Niger
|Mali (80%), Ivory Coast (15%), Burkina Faso (5%), Guinea (0.1%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 193.
|[[Huallaga River|Huallaga]]
|1,100
|684
|90,000
|3,800
|[[Marañón River (Peru)|Marañón]]
|Peru
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 193.
|[[Kwango River|Kwango]]
|1,100
|684
|263,500
|2,700
|Kasai
|Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 193.
|[[Draa River|Draa]]
|1,100
|684
|95,000
|
|Atlantic Ocean
|[[Morocco]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 197.
|[[Gambia River|Gambia]]
|1,094
|680
|78,000
|
|Atlantic Ocean
|[[The Gambia]], [[Senegal]], [[Guinea]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 198.
|[[Tyung]]
|1,092
|679
|49,800
|
|[[Vilyuy]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 199.
|[[Barito River]]
|1,090
|680
|81,675
|5,497
|[[Java Sea]]
|[[Indonesia]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 200.
|[[Maya (Aldan)|Maya]]
|1,087
|675
|171,000
|1,180
|Aldan
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 201.
|[[Yellowstone River|Yellowstone]]
|1,080
|671
|114,260
|390
|[[Missouri River|Missouri]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 201.
|[[Ghaghara River|Ghaghara]]
|1,080
|671
|127,950
|2,990
|[[Ganges]]
|India, Nepal, China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 203.
|[[Huai River]]
|1,078
|670
|270,000
|1,110
|[[Yangtze]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 204.
|[[Aras (river)|Aras]]
|1,072
|665
|102,000
|285
|[[Kura (South Caucasus river)|Kura]]
|Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 205.
|[[Chu (river)|Chu]]
|1,067
|663
|62,500
|
|none
|[[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Kazakhstan]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 205.
|[[Sanaga River|Sanaga-Djérem]]
|1,067
|663
|140,000
|2,072
|[[Bight of Biafra]]
|Cameroon, Nigeria, Central African Republic
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 207.
|[[Donets|Seversky Donets]]
|1,053 (1,078)
|654 (670)
|98,900
|159
|[[Don (river)|Don]]
|Russia, Ukraine
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 208.
|[[Bermejo River|Bermejo]]
|1,050
|652
|125,000
|
|[[Paraguay River|Paraguay]]
|Argentina, Bolivia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 208.
|[[Cunene River|Cunene]]
|1,050
|652
|108,943
|
|Atlantic Ocean
|Angola (85%), Namibia (15%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 208.
|[[Fly River|Fly]]
|1,050
|652
|75,800
|6,500
|[[Gulf of Papua]]
|[[Papua New Guinea]], [[Indonesia]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 208.
|[[Kuskokwim River|Kuskokwim]]
|1,050
|652
|120,000
|1,900
|[[Bering Sea]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 212.
|[[Tennessee River|Tennessee]]
|1,049
|652
|105,870
|1,998
|[[Ohio River|Ohio]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 213.
|[[Oder]]–[[Warta]]
|1,045
|649
|118,861
|550
|[[Baltic Sea]]
|Poland, Germany, Czech Republic
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 214.
|[[Apure River|Apure]]
|1,038
|645
|167,000
|2,300
|Orinoco
|Venezuela (99.8%), Colombia (0.2%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 215.
|[[Logone River|Logone]]
|1,033
|642
|78,000
|492
|[[Chari River|Chari]]
|Chad (53%), Cameroon (34%), Central African Republic (14%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 216.
|[[Aruwimi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;bossche&quot; /&gt;
|1,030
|640
|116,100
|2,200
|[[Congo River|Congo]]
|Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 217.
|[[Chambal River|Chambal]]
|1,024
|636
|143,219
|456
|[[Yamuna River|Yamuna]]
|[[India]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 217.
|[[Pur (Russia)|Pur]]
|1,024
|636
|112,000
|
|Taz Estuary
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 219.
|[[Daugava]]
|1,020
|634
|87,900
|678
|[[Gulf of Riga]]
|[[Latvia]], [[Belarus]], Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 220.
|[[Gila River|Gila]]
|1,015
|631
|151,000
|7
|[[Colorado River|Colorado]] (western U.S.)
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 221.
|[[Essequibo River|Essequibo]]
|1,014
|630
|156,828&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tilman |first=Eric |title=Rivers Network - Atlantic North Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&amp;id=167&amp;catid=329&amp;Itemid=179#tab-4753 |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=Rivers Network |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|5,136&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
|Atlantic Ocean
|[[Guyana]], Venezuela
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 222.
|[[Loire]]
|1,012
|629
|115,271
|840
|Atlantic Ocean
|France
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 223.
|[[Khopyor]]
|1,010
|628
|61,100
|150
|[[Don (river)|Don]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 224.
|[[Tagus]] &lt;small&gt;(Tajo/Tejo)&lt;/small&gt;
|1,006
|625
|80,100
|444
|Atlantic Ocean
|Spain, Portugal
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot; | 225.
|[[Flinders River]]
|1,004 &lt;ref name=&quot;geoaus&quot; /&gt;
|624
|109,000
|122&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian Natural Resources Atlas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003024130/http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-10-03|title=Australian Natural Resources Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Gulf of Carpentaria]]
|Australia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 226.
|[[Koksoak River|Koksoak]]
|1,000
|621
|136,262&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|2,800
|Ungava Bay
|Canada
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 226.
|[[Usumacinta River|Usumacinta]]
|1,000
|621
|134,400
|
|Gulf of Mexico
|Mexico, Guatemala 
|}

[[File:Miss R dam 27.jpg|thumb|The Mississippi River just north of [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]]]]
[[File:DSCN4262 rmosesspstlawrence e.jpg|thumb|Saint Lawrence River along the New York-Quebec border]]
*

==Notes and references==
;Notes
{{Reflist|group=n}}
;References
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>1d54dm30yhb5q57t3pke2ncgahdpkom</sha1>
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      <id>140029</id>
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        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
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      <comment>Updated Content</comment>
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      <text bytes="90127" sha1="nrdwym1gqt6v1brpctwre4jbidi5yqz" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Nile.jpg|right|thumb|upright=1.15|The [[Nile]] as seen from a cruise boat between [[Luxor]] and [[Aswan]] in [[Egypt]]]]
[[File:1855 Colton Map or Chart of the World's Mountains and Rivers - Geographicus - MtsRvrs2-colton-1855.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Chart of the World's Mountains and Rivers by [[J. H. Colton]], 1855]]
Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla '''mɔɣa di waɣa pam dunia zaa yuya'''. Di nyɛla din pahi mɔɣ'shɛŋa din waɣilim paai kilomitanima 1,000.

==Gbunni zaŋ n-ti waɣilim ==
Binyɛra pam beni di gbaai bahindi mɔɣili maa pili shee baŋbu,&lt;ref name=&quot;amazon-river-source&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/02/140213-amazon-river-length-source-maps-science/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215030338/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/02/140213-amazon-river-length-source-maps-science/|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 15, 2014|title=Where Does the Amazon River Begin?|date=2014-02-15|website=National Geographic News|access-date=2018-12-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; koli'noli maa baŋbu n ti pahi waɣilim zahimbu&lt;ref&gt;for more on this, see [[coastline paradox]]&lt;/ref&gt; zaŋ n-ti mɔɣili waɣilim bin din gbaai di piligu zaŋ hali ni di kolinoli shee, din bɔŋɔ nyɛ din wuhiri mɔɣili waɣilim ni nyɛ shɛm. Lala zuɣu mɔɣa pam zahimbu kuli nyɛla buɣisibu. Nangbankpeeni nyɛla din beni zaŋ jandi dunia zaa mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari mɔɣili kam dama shɛba ʒimi ni Nile&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-nile&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nile-River|title=Nile River|year=2020|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=8 December 2020|archive-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010201930/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nile-River|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka shɛba mi yɛlli ni Amazon.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-amazon&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Amazon-River|title=Amazon River|year=2020|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=8 December 2020|archive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108222644/https://www.britannica.com/place/Amazon-River|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Nile ŋɔ  nyɛ so'kam ni daa na saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari mɔɣili kam dunia zaa amaa yuuni 2007 mini yuuni 2008 tabibi baŋdi shɛba nyɛla ban daa yɛlli ni  Amazon nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari mɔɣili kam dunia zaa&lt;ref name=&quot;AmazonRiver&quot;&gt;[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html Amazon Longer Than Nile River, Scientists Say] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815112238/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html |date=15 August 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc-amazon&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6759291.stm|title=Amazon river 'longer than Nile'|date=16 June 2007|access-date=3 August 2010|publisher=BBC News|archive-date=26 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926054938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6759291.stm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;inpe&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.inpe.br/ingles/news/news_dest29.php|title=Studies from INPE indicate that the Amazon River is 140km longer than the Nile|publisher=Brazilian National Institute for Space Research|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411011122/http://www.inpe.br/ingles/news/news_dest29.php|archive-date=11 April 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=3 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; din daa niŋ ka bɛ zahim li nyaaŋa.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-amazon-length&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/story/how-long-is-the-amazon-river|title=How Long Is the Amazon River?|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2018-12-24|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224171204/https://www.britannica.com/story/how-long-is-the-amazon-river|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lahabali shɛli bɛ ni daa zaŋ wuhi salo yuuni 2009 ka nyɛ din be ''International Journal of Digital Earth'' nyɛla din wuhi ni Nile nyɛ mɔɣili din waɣa gari mɔɣa zaa din be dunia.&lt;ref name=&quot;liu-etal-river-length&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Liu|first1=Shaochuang|last2=Lu|first2=P|last3=Liu|first3=D|last4=Jin|first4=P|last5=Wang|first5=W|date=2009-03-01|title=Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220473241|journal=Int. J. Digit. Earth|volume=2|issue=1|pages=80–87|doi=10.1080/17538940902746082|bibcode=2009IJDE....2...80L|s2cid=27548511|access-date=2018-12-24|archive-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223211543/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220473241_Pinpointing_the_sources_and_measuring_the_lengths_of_the_principal_rivers_of_the_world|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==List of river systems longer than 1,000 km==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Legend of colors used in main table, by continent
! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot;| [[Continent]] color key
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; |[[Geography of Africa|Africa]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; |[[Geography of Asia|Asia]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot; |[[Geography of Australia|Australia]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; |[[Geography of Europe|Europe]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; |[[Geography of North America|North America]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; |[[Geography of South America|South America]]
|}

{{Sticky header}}
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable sticky-header&quot;
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| Rank
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| River
!scope=&quot;col&quot; data-sort-type=number| Length (km)
!scope=&quot;col&quot; data-sort-type=number| Length (miles)
!scope=&quot;col&quot; data-sort-type=number| [[Drainage area]]&lt;br/&gt;(km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;br/&gt;{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}
!scope=&quot;col&quot; data-sort-type=number| Average [[Discharge (hydrology)|discharge]]&lt;br/&gt;(m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s)&lt;br/&gt;{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| Outflow
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| [[country|Countries]] in the drainage basin {{citation needed|date=January 2015}}
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 1.
|[[Nile]]–[[White Nile]]–[[Kagera River|Kagera]]–[[Nyabarongo River|Nyabarongo]]–[[Mwogo River|Mwogo]]–[[Rukarara River|Rukarara]]{{refn|The Nile is usually said to be the longest river in the world, with a length of about 6,650&amp;nbsp;km,&lt;ref name=britannica-nile/&gt; and the Amazon the second longest, with a length of at least 6,400&amp;nbsp;km.&lt;ref name=britannica-amazon/&gt; In 2007 and 2008, some scientists claimed that the Amazon has a length of 6,992&amp;nbsp;km and was longer than the Nile, whose length was calculated as 6,853&amp;nbsp;km.&lt;ref name=bbc-amazon/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Roach|first1=John|title=Amazon Longer Than Nile River, Scientists Say|date=18 June 2007 |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822042725/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 22, 2007|publisher=National Geographic|access-date=4 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=inpe/&gt; They achieved this result by adding the waterway from the Amazon's southern outlet through tidal canals and the Pará estuary of the Tocantins.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020|reason=This seems to be original research.}} The dispute is: &quot;Is the channel south of Isla de Marajó to be treated as part of the Amazon, or as part of the Rio Tocantins?&quot;{{Citation needed|date=December 2020|reason=This seems to be original research.}}
A [[Peer review|peer-reviewed]] article, published in 2009, states a length of 7,088&amp;nbsp;km for the Nile and 6,575&amp;nbsp;km for the Amazon, measured by using a combination of satellite image analysis and field investigations to the source regions.&lt;ref name=liu-etal-river-length/&gt;
According to the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', as of 2020, the length of the Amazon remains open to interpretation and continued debate.&lt;ref name=britannica-amazon/&gt;&lt;ref name=britannica-amazon-length/&gt; 
Note that disputed values have been put in parentheses.|name=longest|group=n}}
|6,650&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-nile&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(7,088)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=liu-etal-river-length/&gt;
|4,130&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-nile&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(4,404)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=liu-etal-river-length/&gt;
|3,254,555&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-02-17 |title=EarthTrends: The Environmental Information Portal |url=http://earthtrends.wri.org:80/maps_spatial/maps_detail_static.php?map_select=299&amp;theme=2 |access-date=2024-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217110756/http://earthtrends.wri.org:80/maps_spatial/maps_detail_static.php?map_select=299&amp;theme=2 |archive-date=17 February 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2,490&lt;ref name=&quot;Water accounting in the Nile River Basin&quot;&gt;{{cite report|url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/ca9895en|title=Water accounting in the Nile River Basin|publisher=FAO|pages=70|isbn=978-92-5-132982-5|date=2021|doi=10.4060/ca9895en|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]
|[[Ethiopia]], [[Eritrea]], [[Sudan]], [[Uganda]], [[Tanzania]], [[Kenya]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Egypt]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[South Sudan]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 2.
|[[Amazon River|Amazon]]–[[Ucayali River|Ucayali]]–[[Tambo River (Peru)|Tambo]]–[[Ene River|Ene]]–[[Mantaro River|Mantaro]]&lt;ref name=longest group=n/&gt;
|6,400&lt;ref name=britannica-amazon/&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(6,575)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=liu-etal-river-length/&gt;
|3,976&lt;ref name=britannica-amazon/&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(4,086)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=liu-etal-river-length/&gt;
|7,000,000&lt;ref name=britannica-amazon/&gt;
|230,000&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Texto original em pdf - melhor para a leitura |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.48075/amb.v2i1.23299.s4179 |access-date=2024-11-18 |doi=10.48075/amb.v2i1.23299.s4179 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Atlantic Ocean]]
|[[Brazil]], [[Peru]], [[Colombia]]

|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 3.
|[[Yangtze]]–[[Jinsha River|Jinsha]]–[[Tongtian River|Tongtian]]–[[Dangqu]] &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Chang Jiang)&lt;/small&gt;
|6,300&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(6,418)&lt;/small&gt;
|3,917&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(3,988)&lt;/small&gt;
|1,970,000&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivers Network - Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&amp;id=222&amp;catid=373&amp;Itemid=179|title=Rivers Network - Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Untitled Document |url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/eng-shuzi2003/gq/dili5.htm |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=www.china.org.cn}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|31,900&lt;ref name=&quot;Sediment sink-source transitions in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River estuary&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=Sediment sink-source transitions in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River estuary|last1=Yunping|first1=Yang|last2=Mingjin|first2=Zhang|last3=Jinhai|first3=Zheng|last4=Lingling|first4=Zhu|journal=Frontiers in Marine Science|year=2023|volume=10 | doi = 10.3389/fmars.2023.1201533 | doi-access = free|bibcode=2023FrMaS..1001533Y }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hydrological Cycle Volume III&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UAmCCwAAQBAJ|title=Hydrological Cycle Volume III|last1=Igor Alekseevich|first1=Shiklomanov|isbn=978-1-84826-026-9|year=2009|publisher=EOLSS Publications }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Zengxin |last2=Tao |first2=Hui |last3=Zhang |first3=Qiang |last4=Zhang |first4=Jinchi |last5=Forher |first5=Nicola |last6=Hörmann |first6=Georg |date=July 2010 |title=Moisture budget variations in the Yangtze River Basin, China, and possible associations with large-scale circulation |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00477-009-0338-7 |journal=Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment |language=en |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=579–589 |doi=10.1007/s00477-009-0338-7 |bibcode=2010SERRA..24..579Z |issn=1436-3240|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[East China Sea]]
|[[China]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 4.
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]–[[Missouri River|Missouri]]–[[Jefferson River|Jefferson]]–[[Beaverhead River|Beaverhead]]–[[Red Rock River (Montana)|Red Rock]]–[[Hell Roaring Creek|Hell Roaring]]
|6,275&lt;br&gt;
|3,902&lt;br&gt;
|3,248,000
|21,300&lt;ref name=&quot;Variability of Carbon Export in the Lower Mississippi River during an Extreme Cold and Warm Year&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Water|doi=10.3390/w14193044|last1=Lee|first1=Potter|last2=Y. Jun|first2=Xu|title=Variability of Carbon Export in the Lower Mississippi River during an Extreme Cold and Warm Year|date=2022|volume=14|issue=19|page=3044 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022Water..14.3044P }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;US&quot; /&gt;
|[[Gulf of Mexico]]
|[[United States]] (98.5%), [[Canada]] (1.5%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 5.
|[[Yenisey]]–[[Angara]]–[[Selenga]]–[[Ider River|Ider]]
|5,539
|3,445
|2,580,000&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Stadnyk |first1=Tricia A. |last2=Tefs |first2=A. |last3=Broesky |first3=M. |last4=Déry |first4=S. J. |last5=Myers |first5=P. G. |last6=Ridenour |first6=N. A. |last7=Koenig |first7=K. |last8=Vonderbank |first8=L. |last9=Gustafsson |first9=D. |date=2021-05-28 |title=Changing freshwater contributions to the Arctic |url=https://online.ucpress.edu/elementa/article/9/1/00098/117201/Changing-freshwater-contributions-to-the-ArcticA |journal=Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |language=en |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=00098 |doi=10.1525/elementa.2020.00098 |bibcode=2021EleSA...9...98S |issn=2325-1026|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20,200&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Kara Sea]]
|[[Russia]] (97%), [[Mongolia]] (2.9%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 6.
|[[Yellow River]] &lt;small&gt;(Huang He)&lt;/small&gt;
|5,464
|3,395
|752,546
|2,571
|[[Bohai Sea]]
|China
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 7.
|[[Ob (river)|Ob]]–[[Irtysh]]
|5,410
|3,364
|2,990,000&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|13,100&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Gulf of Ob]]
|Russia, [[Kazakhstan]], China, Mongolia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 8.
|[[Río de la Plata]]–[[Paraná River|Paraná]]–[[Rio Grande (Paraná River)|Rio Grande]]&lt;ref name=britannica&gt;{{cite web |title= Río de la Plata |publisher= [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url= https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/463804/Rio-de-la-Plata |access-date= 11 August 2010 |archive-date= 9 May 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150509112732/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/463804/Rio-de-la-Plata |url-status= live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|4,880&lt;br&gt;
|3,030&lt;br&gt;
|3,182,064&lt;ref name=&quot;Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://iwlearn.net/resolveuid/92c8003b-1b64-424e-b251-602185ffa061|title=Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|27,225&lt;ref name=&quot;Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://iwlearn.net/resolveuid/92c8003b-1b64-424e-b251-602185ffa061|title=Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Río de la Plata]]
|Brazil (46.7%), [[Argentina]] (27.7%), [[Paraguay]] (13.5%), Bolivia (8.3%), [[Uruguay]] (3.8%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 9.
|[[Congo River|Congo]]–[[Lualaba River|Lualaba]]-[[Luvua River|Luvua]]-[[Luapula River|Luapula]]-[[Chambeshi River|Chambeshi]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Zaïre)&lt;/small&gt;
|4,700&lt;br&gt;
|2,922&lt;br&gt;
|3,680,000
|41,400&lt;ref name=&quot;Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Hydrometeorology|doi=10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003&lt;0660:EOFDFC&gt;2.0.CO;2|url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/hydr/3/6/1525-7541_2002_003_0660_eofdfc_2_0_co_2.xml|last1=Aiguo|first1=Dai|last2=Kevin|first2=E. Trenberth|title=Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations|date=2002|volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=660–687|bibcode=2002JHyMe...3..660D }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Atlantic Ocean
|Democratic Republic of the Congo, [[Central African Republic]], [[Angola]], [[Republic of the Congo]], [[Tanzania]], [[Cameroon]], [[Zambia]], [[Burundi]], [[Rwanda]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 10.
|[[Amur]]–[[Argun (Amur)|Argun]]
&lt;small&gt;(Heilong Jiang)&lt;/small&gt;
|4,444
|2,763
|1,855,000
|12,360&lt;ref name=&quot;Intra-Seasonal Variability&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Remote Sensing|title=Intra-Seasonal Variability of Sea Level on the Southwestern Bering Sea Shelf and Its Impact on the East Kamchatka and East Sakhalin Currents|doi=10.3390/rs15204984|volume=15|issue=20|last1=Andrey|first1=Andreev|year=2023|page=4984 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023RemS...15.4984A }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Sea of Okhotsk]]
|Russia, China, Mongolia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 11.
|[[Lena (river)|Lena]]
|4,400
|2,736
|2,490,000&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|18,300&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Laptev Sea]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 12.
|[[Mekong]] &lt;small&gt;(Lancang Jiang)&lt;/small&gt;
|4,350
|2,705
|810,000
|16,010&lt;ref name=&quot;Hydrological Cycle Volume III&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UAmCCwAAQBAJ|title=Hydrological Cycle Volume III|last1=Igor Alekseevich|first1=Shiklomanov|isbn=978-1-84826-026-9|year=2009|publisher=EOLSS Publications }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[South China Sea]]
|China, [[Myanmar]], [[Laos]], [[Thailand]], [[Cambodia]], [[Vietnam]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 13.
|[[Mackenzie River|Mackenzie]]–[[Slave River|Slave]]–[[Peace River (Canada)|Peace]]–[[Finlay River|Finlay]]
|4,241
|2,637
|1,805,200&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|9,800&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Beaufort Sea]]
|Canada
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 14.
|[[Niger River|Niger]]
|4,200
|2,611
|2,117,700&lt;ref name=&quot;Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin&quot;&gt;{{cite book |url=https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1274en |title=Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin |year=2020 |doi=10.4060/cb1274en |isbn=978-92-5-133378-5|s2cid=242320135 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|8,570&lt;ref name=&quot;Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin&quot;&gt;{{cite book |url=https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1274en |title=Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin |year=2020 |doi=10.4060/cb1274en |isbn=978-92-5-133378-5|s2cid=242320135 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Gulf of Guinea]]
|[[Nigeria]] (26.6%), [[Mali]] (25.6%), [[Niger]] (23.6%), [[Algeria]] (7.6%), [[Guinea]] (4.5%), [[Cameroon]] (4.2%), [[Burkina Faso]] (3.9%), [[Côte d'Ivoire]], [[Benin]], [[Chad]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 15.
|[[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]]–[[Yarlung Tsangpo]]
|3,969
|2,466
|712,035
|27,000&lt;ref name=&quot;Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Water Resources Development|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07900627.2019.1579705|title=Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia|last1=Golam|first1=Rasul|last2=Nilhari|first2=Neupane|last3=Abid|first3= Hussain|last4=Binaya|first4=Pasakhala|volume=37|issue=3|doi=10.1080/07900627.2019.1579705|year=2019|pages=466–490 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;xinhua&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-08/22/c_131067137.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230065600/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-08/22/c_131067137.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=December 30, 2013 | title=Scientists pinpoint sources of four major international rivers | publisher=[[Xinhua News Agency]] | date=22 August 2011 | access-date=8 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;britannican&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Brahmaputra-River |title=Brahmaputra River |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=2017-04-11 |archive-date=2020-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426144608/https://www.britannica.com/place/Brahmaputra-River |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Ganges]]
|[[India]] (58.0%), China (28.8%), [[Bangladesh]] (6.6%), Disputed India/China (4.2%), [[Bhutan]] (2.4%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot;| 16.
|[[Murray River|Murray]]–[[Darling River|Darling]]–[[Culgoa River|Culgoa]]–[[Balonne River|Balonne]]–[[Condamine River|Condamine]]
|3,672&lt;ref name=geoaus&gt;{{cite web|title=Longest Rivers|date=15 May 2014|url=http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/geographic-information/landforms/longest-rivers|publisher=Geoscience Australia|access-date=9 February 2021|archive-date=5 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905170020/http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/geographic-information/landforms/longest-rivers|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2,282
|1,061,000
|767
|Southern Ocean
|Australia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 17.
|[[Tocantins River|Tocantins]]–[[Araguaia River|Araguaia]]
|3,650
|2,270
|950,000
|17,600&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Atlantic Ocean ([[Marajó Bay]]), [[Amazon Delta]]
|Brazil
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot;| 18.
|[[Volga]]
|3,645
|2,266
|1,380,000
|8,380&lt;ref name=&quot;THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=http://isi.irtces.org/isi/rootfiles/2017/07/04/1496391629451299-1498713525725099.pdf|title=THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT|last1=Valentin|first1=Golosov|last2=Vladimir|first2=Belayev|year=2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Caspian Sea]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 19.
|[[Shatt al-Arab]]–[[Euphrates]]–[[Murat River|Murat]]
|3,596
|2,236
|938,173&lt;ref name=&quot;General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=International Journal of Water|url=https://faculty.uobasrah.edu.iq/uploads/publications/1586448033.pdf|doi=10.1504/IJW.2019.106049|title=General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq|last1=Safaa|first1=Al-Asadi|last2=Abdulzahra|first2=Alhello|volume=13|pages=360–375|year=2019|issue=4 |bibcode=2019IJWat..13..360A }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|3,350&lt;ref name=&quot;General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=International Journal of Water|url=https://faculty.uobasrah.edu.iq/uploads/publications/1586448033.pdf|doi=10.1504/IJW.2019.106049|title=General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq|last1=Safaa|first1=Al-Asadi|last2=Abdulzahra|first2=Alhello|volume=13|pages=360–375|year=2019|issue=4 |bibcode=2019IJWat..13..360A }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Persian Gulf]]
|[[Iraq]], [[Turkey]], [[Syria]], [[Iran]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 20.
|[[Madeira River|Madeira]]–[[Mamoré River|Mamoré]]–[[Río Grande (Bolivia)|Grande]]–[[Caine River|Caine]]–[[Rocha River|Rocha]]
|3,380
|2,100
|1,485,200
|31,200&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Brazil, Bolivia, Peru
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 21.
|[[Purús River|Purús]]
|3,211
|1,995
|376,600&lt;ref name=&quot;PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%25C3%25B3stico-Progn%25C3%25B3stico-e-Cen%25C3%25A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III|date=Jan 2019|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|11,207&lt;ref name=&quot;PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%25C3%25B3stico-Progn%25C3%25B3stico-e-Cen%25C3%25A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III|date=Jan 2019|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Brazil, Peru
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 22.
|[[Yukon River|Yukon]]
|3,185
|1,980&lt;ref name=US&gt;{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/ofr87-242/|title=Largest Rivers in the United States|last=J.C. Kammerer|date=1 September 2005|publisher=US Geological Survey|access-date=25 January 2015|archive-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513200054/https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/ofr87-242/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|854,700&lt;ref name=&quot;DISTRIBUTION AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF JUVENILE SALMON AND OTHER FISHES IN THE YUKON DELTA&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://espis.boem.gov/final%20reports/86.pdf|title=DISTRIBUTION AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF JUVENILE SALMON AND OTHER FISHES IN THE YUKON DELTA|last1=Douglas|first1=J. Martin|last2=Clifford|first2=J. Whitmus|last3=Lon|first3=E. Hachmeister|year=1987}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|7,000&lt;ref name=&quot;DISTRIBUTION AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF JUVENILE SALMON AND OTHER FISHES IN THE YUKON DELTA&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://espis.boem.gov/final%20reports/86.pdf|title=DISTRIBUTION AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF JUVENILE SALMON AND OTHER FISHES IN THE YUKON DELTA|last1=Douglas|first1=J. Martin|last2=Clifford|first2=J. Whitmus|last3=Lon|first3=E. Hachmeister|year=1987}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Bering Sea]]
|United States (59.8%), Canada (40.2%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 23.
|[[Indus River|Indus]]–[[Sênggê Zangbo]]
|3,180
|1,976
|1,081,718&lt;ref name=&quot;researchgate.net&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312752687 |title=Critical Evaluation and Assessment of Average Annual Precipitation in The Indus, The Ganges and The Brahmaputra Basins, Northern India – Himalayan Cryospheric Observations and Modelling (HiCOM) |last1=Amir |first1=Khan |last2=Naresh |first2=Pant |last3=Anuj |first3=Goswami |last4=Ravish |first4=Lal |last5=Rajesh |first5=Joshi |date=Dec 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|5,533&lt;ref name=&quot;researchgate.net&quot;/&gt;
|[[Arabian Sea]]
|Pakistan (93%), India and China
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 24.
|[[São Francisco River|São Francisco]]
|3,180*&lt;br&gt;(2,900)
|1,976*&lt;br&gt;(1,802)
|610,000
|3,300
|Atlantic Ocean
|Brazil
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 25.
|[[Syr Darya]]–[[Naryn (river)|Naryn]]
|3,078
|1,913
|219,000
|703
|[[Aral Sea]]
|Kazakhstan, [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Tajikistan]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 26.
|[[Salween River|Salween]] &lt;small&gt;(Nu Jiang)&lt;/small&gt;
|3,060
|1,901
|324,000
|6,700&lt;ref name=&quot;Integrating Suspended Sediment Flux in Large Alluvial River Channels: Application of a Synoptic Rouse‐Based Model to the Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Baronas|first1=J. Jotautas|last2=Stevenson|first2=Emily I.|last3=Hackney|first3=Christopher R.|last4=Darby|first4=Stephen E.|last5=Bickle|first5=Michael J.|last6=Hilton|first6=Robert G.|last7=Larkin|first7=Christina S.|last8=Parsons|first8=Daniel R.|last9=Myo Khaing|first9=Aung|last10=Tipper|first10=Edward T.|title=Integrating Suspended Sediment Flux in Large Alluvial River Channels: Application of a Synoptic Rouse-Based Model to the Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface|volume=125|issue=9|year=2020|issn=2169-9003|doi=10.1029/2020JF005554|bibcode=2020JGRF..12505554B|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Changes in Indian Summer Monsoon Using Neodymium (Nd) Isotopes in the Andaman Sea During the Last 24,000 years&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://www.prl.res.in/~sunil/22__TripathiGR,%20SIngh%20SK%20Sr-Nd%20isotopes.pdf|title=Changes in Indian Summer Monsoon Using Neodymium (Nd) Isotopes in the Andaman Sea During the Last 24,000 years|last1=Harunur|first1=Rashid|last2=Alexandra|first2=T. Gourlan|last3=Brittany|first3=Marche
|last4=Kaylyn|first4=Sheppard|last5=Nabil|first5=Khélif|journal=Earth Systems and Environment |year=2019|volume=3 |issue=2 |page=105 |doi=10.1007/s41748-019-00105-0 |bibcode=2019ESE.....3..105R |s2cid=198422435 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Syvitski |first1=James P. M. |last2=Vörösmarty |first2=Charles J. |last3=Kettner |first3=Albert J. |last4=Green |first4=Pamela |year=2005 |title=Impact of Humans on the Flux of Terrestrial Sediment to the Global Coastal Ocean |url=http://instaar.colorado.edu/deltaforce/papers/global_sediment_flux.html |url-status=dead |journal=Science |volume=308 |issue=5720 |pages=376–80 |bibcode=2005Sci...308..376S |doi=10.1126/science.1109454 |pmid=15831750 |s2cid=11382265 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060919054444/http://instaar.colorado.edu/deltaforce/papers/global_sediment_flux.html |archive-date=2006-09-19 |access-date=2006-02-27|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Andaman Sea]]
|China (52.4%), Myanmar (43.9%), Thailand (3.7%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 27.
|[[Saint Lawrence River|Saint Lawrence]]–[[Niagara River|Niagara]]–[[Detroit River|Detroit]]–[[St. Clair River|Saint Clair]]–[[St. Marys River (Michigan–Ontario)|Saint Marys]]–[[Saint Louis River (Lake Superior tributary)|Saint Louis]]–[[North River (Minnesota)|North]] &lt;small&gt;([[Great Lakes]])&lt;/small&gt;
|3,058
|1,900&lt;ref name=US/&gt;
|1,030,000
|12,500&lt;ref name=&quot;Physical oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during 2023&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.938387/publication.html?wbdisable=true|title=Physical oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during 2023|date=July 2002 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Gulf of Saint Lawrence]]
|Canada (52.1%), United States (47.9%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 28.
|[[Rio Grande]]
|3,057
|1,900&lt;ref name=US/&gt;
|570,000
|82
|Gulf of Mexico
|United States (52.1%), [[Mexico]] (47.9%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 29.
|[[Lower Tunguska]]
|2,989
|1,857
|473,000
|3,600
|Yenisei
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 30.
|[[Colorado River|Colorado]]-[[Green River (Colorado River)|Green]] (western U.S.)
|2,945
|1,830&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-06 |title=The Mighty Colorado River – Once Known as Merely Grand |url=https://legisource.net/2021/05/06/the-mighty-colorado-river-once-known-as-merely-grand/ |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=Colorado LegiSource |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|390,000
|1,200
|[[Gulf of California]]
|United States, Mexico
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot;| 31.
|[[Danube]]–[[Breg (river)|Breg]] &lt;small&gt;(Donau, Dunăre, Duna, Dunav, Dunaj)&lt;/small&gt;
|2,888*
|1,795*
|801,463&lt;ref name=&quot;THE DANUBE RIVER AND ITS DELTA, HYDROGEOGRAPHYC CHARACTERISTICS-ACTUAL SYNTHESIS&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.limnology.ro/wrw2023/proceedings.html|title=THE DANUBE RIVER AND ITS DELTA, HYDROGEOGRAPHYC CHARACTERISTICS-ACTUAL SYNTHESIS}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|6,452&lt;ref name=&quot;THE DANUBE RIVER AND ITS DELTA, HYDROGEOGRAPHYC CHARACTERISTICS-ACTUAL SYNTHESIS&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.limnology.ro/wrw2023/proceedings.html|title=THE DANUBE RIVER AND ITS DELTA, HYDROGEOGRAPHYC CHARACTERISTICS-ACTUAL SYNTHESIS}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Black Sea]]
|[[Romania]] (28.9%), Hungary (11.7%), Austria (10.3%), [[Serbia]] (10.3%), Germany (7.5%), [[Slovakia]] (5.8%), [[Bulgaria]] (5.2%), [[Croatia]] (4.5%), [[Ukraine]] (3.8%), [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Moldova]], [[Montenegro]], [[Czech Republic]], [[Switzerland]], [[Slovenia]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2009|title=The Danube river bassin, facts and figures|url=https://www.icpdr.org/sites/default/files/nodes/documents/icpdr_facts_figures.pdf|access-date=2024-12-21 |website= icpdr.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 32.
|[[Irrawaddy River]]–[[N'Mai River]]–[[Dulong River]]–[[Kelaoluo]]–[[Gada Qu]]
|2,809*
|1,745.8*
|404,200*
|15,112&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/myanmar/index.stm|title=Water Resources of Myanmar|publisher=AQUASTAT|access-date=2010-09-21|quote=Adding the sections gives Irrawaddy a discharge of 476.9 cubic kilometers per year, which translates to 15,112 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727110424/http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/myanmar/index.stm|archive-date=2010-07-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Andaman Sea]]
|[[China]], [[Myanmar]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 33.
|[[Zambezi]] &lt;small&gt;(Zambesi)&lt;/small&gt;
|2,740*
|1,703*
|1,330,000
|4,880
|[[Mozambique Channel]]
|[[Zambia]] (41.6%), [[Angola]] (18.4%), [[Zimbabwe]] (15.6%), [[Mozambique]] (11.8%), [[Malawi]] (8.0%), [[Tanzania]] (2.0%), [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 34.
|[[Vilyuy]]
|2,720
|1,700
|454,000
|1,480
|[[Lena (river)|Lena]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 35.
|[[Padma River|Padma]]-[[Ganges River|Ganges]]-[[Alaknanda River|Alaknanda]] &lt;small&gt;(Ganga)&lt;/small&gt;
|2,704&lt;ref name=&quot;Parua2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Parua|first=Pranab Kumar|title=The Ganga: water use in the Indian subcontinent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yUc7Cus2a-MC&amp;pg=PA272|access-date=17 May 2011|date=3 January 2010|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-90-481-3102-0|page=272}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,690
|1,024,000
|16,000&lt;ref name=&quot;Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Water Resources Development|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07900627.2019.1579705|title=Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia|last1=Golam|first1=Rasul|last2=Nilhari|first2=Neupane|last3=Abid|first3= Hussain|last4=Binaya|first4=Pasakhala|volume=37|issue=3|doi=10.1080/07900627.2019.1579705|year=2019|pages=466–490 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P2846800.html |title=Ganges–Farakka&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt; |access-date=2007-03-27 |archive-date=2018-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310201247/http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P2846800.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Bay of Bengal]]
|India, Bangladesh, China, Nepal
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 36.
|[[Amu Darya]]–[[Panj (river)|Panj]]
|2,620
|1,628
|534,739
|1,400
|[[Aral Sea]]
|[[Uzbekistan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Afghanistan]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 37.
|[[Japurá River|Japurá]] &lt;small&gt;(Caquetá)&lt;/small&gt;
|2,615*
|1,625*
|289,000&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18,122&lt;ref name=&quot;PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%25C3%25B3stico-Progn%25C3%25B3stico-e-Cen%25C3%25A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III|date=Jan 2019|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Brazil, Colombia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 38.
|[[Nelson River|Nelson]]–[[Saskatchewan River|Saskatchewan]]–[[South Saskatchewan River|South Saskatchewan]]–[[Bow River|Bow]]
|2,570
|1,597
|1,111,890&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|3,500&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Hudson Bay]]
|Canada, United States
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 39.
|[[River Paraguay|Paraguay]] &lt;small&gt;(Rio Paraguay)&lt;/small&gt;
|2,549
|1,584
|900,000
|4,300
|[[Paraná River|Paraná]]
|Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, Argentina
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 40.
|[[Kolyma (river)|Kolyma]]
|2,513
|1,562
|647,000&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|4,100&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[East Siberian Sea]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 41.
|[[Pilcomayo River|Pilcomayo]]
|2,500
|1,553
|270,000
|200
|[[Paraguay River|Paraguay]]
|[[Paraguay]], Argentina, Bolivia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 42.
|Upper [[Ob (river)|Ob]]–[[Katun (river)|Katun]]
|2,490
|1,547
|1,040,000
|
|[[Ob (river)|Ob]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 43.
|[[Ishim (river)|Ishim]]
|2,450
|1,522
|177,000
|56
|[[Irtysh]]
|Kazakhstan, Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 44.
|[[Orange River|Orange]]
|2,432
|1,511
|973,000
|365
|Atlantic Ocean
|[[South Africa]], [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], [[Lesotho]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 45.
|[[Ural (river)|Ural]]
|2,428
|1,509
|237,000
|475
|[[Caspian Sea]]
|Russia, Kazakhstan
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 46.
|[[Juruá]]
|2,410
|1,499
|190,573&lt;ref name=&quot;PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%25C3%25B3stico-Progn%25C3%25B3stico-e-Cen%25C3%25A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III|date=Jan 2019|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|6,004&lt;ref name=&quot;PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%25C3%25B3stico-Progn%25C3%25B3stico-e-Cen%25C3%25A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III|date=Jan 2019|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Peru, Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 47.
|[[Arkansas River|Arkansas]]
|2,348
|1,459
|505,000&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(435,122)&lt;/small&gt;
|1,066
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 48.
|[[Songhua River|Songhua]]
|2,309&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Amur-Heilong River Basin Reader |date=2008 |publisher=Ecosystems Limited |isbn=978-988-17227-1-3 |editor-last=Simonov |editor-first=Eugene A. |location=Hong Kong |editor-last2=Dahmer |editor-first2=Thomas D.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,435
|557,180
|2,410
|[[Amur]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 49.
|[[Olenyok (river)|Olenyok]]
|2,292
|1,424
|219,000
|1,210
|[[Laptev Sea]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 50.
|[[Dnieper]]
|2,287
|1,421
|516,300
|1,670
|[[Black Sea]]
|[[Ukraine]], [[Belarus]], Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 51.
|[[Aldan (river)|Aldan]]
|2,273
|1,412
|729,000
|5,501
|[[Lena (river)|Lena]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 52.
|[[Ubangi River|Ubangi]]–[[Uele River|Uele]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last= Bossche |first= J.P. vanden |author2= G. M. Bernacsek |title= Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Volume 1 |year= 1990 |publisher= Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |isbn= 978-92-5-102983-1 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&amp;pg=PA338 |page= 338 |access-date= 2016-10-28 |archive-date= 2023-11-10 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231110080724/https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&amp;pg=PA338#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status= live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2,270
|1,410
|651,915&lt;ref name=&quot;Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin |journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Becker |first1=M. |last2=Papa |first2=F. |last3=Frappart |first3=F. |last4=Alsdorf |first4=D. |last5=Calmant |first5=S. |last6=da Silva |first6=J. Santos |last7=Prigent |first7=C. |last8=Seyler |first8=F. |title=Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin |journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation |date=April 2018 |volume=66 |pages=196–209 |doi=10.1016/j.jag.2017.11.015 |bibcode=2018IJAEO..66..196B |s2cid=6873734 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01671764 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|5,936&lt;ref name=&quot;Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin |journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Becker |first1=M. |last2=Papa |first2=F. |last3=Frappart |first3=F. |last4=Alsdorf |first4=D. |last5=Calmant |first5=S. |last6=da Silva |first6=J. Santos |last7=Prigent |first7=C. |last8=Seyler |first8=F. |title=Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin |journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation |date=April 2018 |volume=66 |pages=196–209 |doi=10.1016/j.jag.2017.11.015 |bibcode=2018IJAEO..66..196B |s2cid=6873734 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01671764 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Congo River|Congo]]
|[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Central African Republic]], [[Republic of Congo]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 53.
|[[Rio Negro (Amazon)|Negro]]
|2,250&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Ziesler |first1=R. |title=Las aguas continentales de América Latina: = The inland waters of Latin America |last2=Ardizzone |first2=G. D. |date=1979 |publisher=Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación |others=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-000780-9 |series=COPESCAL documentos técnicos |location=Roma}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,398
|720,114
|34,573&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Marinho |first1=Rogério Ribeiro |last2=Filziola |first2=Naziano Pantoja |last3=Martinez |first3=Jean-Michel |last4=Harmel |first4=Tristan |date=2022-01-13 |title=Suspended sediment transport estimation in Negro River (Amazon Basin) using MSI/Sentinel-2 data |url=https://rbgeomorfologia.org.br/rbg/article/view/2076 |journal=Revista Brasileira de Geomorfologia |language=pt |volume=23 |issue=1 |doi=10.20502/rbg.v23i1.2076 |issn=2236-5664|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 53.
|[[Columbia River|Columbia]]-[[Snake River|Snake]]
|2,250
|1,398&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Columbia River and Its Tributaries |url=https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/cvo/Historical/LewisClark/Maps/map_columbia_river_and_tributaries.shtml |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=USGS Volcanoes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|671,000
|7,500
|Pacific Ocean
|Canada (30%), United States (70%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 55.
|[[Tapajós]]-[[Teles Pires]]
|2,210
|1,290
|494,254
|13,540&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 56.
|[[Pearl River (China)|Pearl]]–[[Xi River|Xi]]-[[Xun River|Xun]]-[[Qian River|Qian]]-[[Hongshui River|Hongshui]]-[[Nanpan River|Nanpan]]
|2,200
|1,376
|437,000
|10,700&lt;ref name=&quot;Spatiotemporal Variation of Annual Runoff and Sediment Load in the Pearl River during 1953-2017&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Sustainability|title=Spatiotemporal Variation of Annual Runoff and Sediment Load in the Pearl River during 1953-2017|doi=10.3390/su11185007|volume=11|issue=18|last1=Huanyang|first1=Zhou|last2=Zhaoli|first2=Wag|last3=Xushu|first3=Wu|last4=Yuhong|first4=Chen|last5=Yixuan|first5=Zhong|last6=Zejun|first6=Li|last7=Jiachao|first7=Chen|last8=Jun|first8=Li|last9=Shenglian|first9=Guo|last10=Xiaohong|first10=Chen|date=2019|page=5007 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2019Sust...11.5007Z }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|South China Sea
|China (98.5%), [[Vietnam]] (1.5%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 57.
|[[Red River of the South|Red (USA)]]
|2,188
|1,360
|78,592
|875
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 58.
|[[Kasai River|Kasai]]
|2,153
|1,338
|880,200
|10,000
|[[Congo River|Congo]]
|[[Angola]], Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 59.
|[[Ohio River|Ohio]]–[[Allegheny River|Allegheny]]
|2,102
|1,306
|490,603
|7,957
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 60.
|[[Orinoco]]
|2,101
|1,306
|1,014,797&lt;ref name=&quot;XXI. PECES DEL FONDO DEL RÍO ORINOCO Y AFLUENTES PRINCIPALES (COLOMBIA-VENEZUELA): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370581100|title=XXI. PECES DEL FONDO DEL RÍO ORINOCO Y AFLUENTES PRINCIPALES (COLOMBIA-VENEZUELA): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos|last1=Carlos Andrés|first1=Lasso Alcalá|last2=Mónica Andrea|first2=Morales Betancourt|isbn=978-958-5183-65-0|doi=10.21068/eh9789585183629|year=2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|39,000&lt;ref name=&quot;XXI. PECES DEL FONDO DEL RÍO ORINOCO Y AFLUENTES PRINCIPALES (COLOMBIA-VENEZUELA): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370581100|title=XXI. PECES DEL FONDO DEL RÍO ORINOCO Y AFLUENTES PRINCIPALES (COLOMBIA-VENEZUELA): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos|last1=Carlos Andrés|first1=Lasso Alcalá|last2=Mónica Andrea|first2=Morales Betancourt|isbn=978-958-5183-65-0|doi=10.21068/eh9789585183629|year=2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;La geografía del agua&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://bibliofep.fundacionempresaspolar.org/media/1378189/agua_ti_cap03.pdf|title=La geografía del agua|last1=José Rafael|first1=Córdova|last2=Marcelo González|first2=Sanabria}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Atlantic Ocean
|Venezuela, Colombia, Guyana
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 61.
|[[Tarim River|Tarim]]
|2,100
|1,305
|1,020,000
|
|[[Lop Nur]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 61.
|[[Xingu River|Xingu]]
|2,100
|1,305
|520,292
|10,023
|Amazon
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 63.
|[[Jubba River|Jubba]]–[[Shebelle River|Shebelle]]
|2,064&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Lehner |first1=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2008EO100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |language=en |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008EO100001 |bibcode=2008EOSTr..89...93L |issn=0096-3941|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,282
|749,000
|
|[[Indian Ocean]]
|[[Ethiopia]], [[Somalia]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 64.
|[[Brazos River|Brazos]]-[[Double Mountain Fork Brazos River|Double Mountain Fork]]-[[North Fork Double Mountain Fork Brazos River|North Fork]]-[[Blackwater Draw]]
|2,060
|1,280&lt;ref name=&quot;US&quot; /&gt;
|116,000
|237.5
|Gulf of Mexico
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 65.
|Northern [[Salado River, Argentina|Salado]]
|2,010
|1,249
|203,000
|
|[[Paraná River|Paraná]]
|Argentina
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 66.
|[[Içá River|Içá]] &lt;small&gt;(Putumayo)&lt;/small&gt;
|2,005
|1,246
|120,545&lt;ref name=&quot;PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%25C3%25B3stico-Progn%25C3%25B3stico-e-Cen%25C3%25A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III|date=Jan 2019|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|8,520&lt;ref name=&quot;PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%25C3%25B3stico-Progn%25C3%25B3stico-e-Cen%25C3%25A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III|date=Jan 2019|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 67.
|[[Vitim (river)|Vitim]]
|1,978
|1,229
|225,000
|1,937
|[[Lena (river)|Lena]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 68.
|[[Chenab River|Chenab]]
|1,974
|675
|160,000
|977.3
|[[Indus River|Indus]]
|India, Pakistan
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 69.
|[[Tigris]]
|1,950
|1,212
|375,000
|1,014
|[[Shatt al-Arab]]
|Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Iran
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 70.
|[[Don (river)|Don]]
|1,870
|1,162
|425,600
|935
|[[Sea of Azov]]
|Russia, Ukraine
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 71.
|[[Stony Tunguska]]
|1,865
|1,159
|240,000
|1,750
|[[Yenisey]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 72.
|[[Pechora (river)|Pechora]]
|1,809
|1,124
|312,041&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|4,823&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|[[Barents Sea]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 73.
|[[Kama (river)|Kama]]
|1,805
|1,122
|507,000
|4,100&lt;ref name=&quot;THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=http://isi.irtces.org/isi/rootfiles/2017/07/04/1496391629451299-1498713525725099.pdf|title=THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT|last1=Valentin|first1=Golosov|last2=Vladimir|first2=Belayev|year=2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Volga]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 74.
|[[Limpopo River|Limpopo]]
|1,800
|1,118
|413,000
|313.4
|[[Indian Ocean]]
|[[Mozambique]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[South Africa]], [[Botswana]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 75.
|[[Chulym (Ob)|Chulym]]
|1,799
|1,118
|134,000
|
|[[Ob (river)|Ob]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 76.
|[[Guaviare River|Guaviare]]
|1,760
|1,090
|151,607
|7,529&lt;ref name=&quot;La geografía del agua&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://bibliofep.fundacionempresaspolar.org/media/1378189/agua_ti_cap03.pdf|title=La geografía del agua|last1=José Rafael|first1=Córdova|last2=Marcelo González|first2=Sanabria}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Orinoco]]
|Colombia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 77
|[[Marañón River (Peru)|Marañón]]
|1,737
|1,079
|364,873
|16,708
|Amazon
|Peru
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 78.
|[[Indigirka]]
|1,726
|1,072
|360,400
|1,810
|[[East Siberian Sea]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 79.
|[[Platte River|Platte]]
|1,690
|1,050
|219,900
|199.3
|[[Missouri River|Missouri]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 80.
|[[Senegal River|Senegal]]
|1,641
|1,020
|419,659
|680
|Atlantic Ocean
|[[Guinea]], [[Senegal]], [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 81.
|[[Khatanga (river)|Khatanga]]–[[Kotuy]]
|1,636
|1,017
|364,000&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|3,200&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Laptev Sea]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 82.
|Upper [[Jubba River|Jubba]]-[[Ganale Doria River|Ganale Dorya]]
|1,634&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|1,015
|214,441&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|316&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|Jubba River
|Ethiopia (69%), Somalia (27%), Kenya (5%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 83.
|[[Uruguay River|Uruguay]]
|1,610
|1,000
|353,451&lt;ref name=&quot;Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://iwlearn.net/resolveuid/92c8003b-1b64-424e-b251-602185ffa061|title=Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|7,058&lt;ref name=&quot;Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://iwlearn.net/resolveuid/92c8003b-1b64-424e-b251-602185ffa061|title=Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Uruguay River|url=https://www.saltogrande.org/rio_uruguay.php|publisher=Comisión Técnica Mixta de Salto Grande|access-date=9 August 2023|archive-date=8 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608184514/https://saltogrande.org/rio_uruguay.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Atlantic Ocean
|[[Uruguay]], Argentina, Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 84.
|[[Churchill River (Hudson Bay)|Churchill]]
|1,609
|1,000
|281,300
|1,200
|[[Hudson Bay]]
|Canada
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 85.
|[[Blue Nile]]
|1,600
|994
|326,400
|1,548
|[[Nile]]
|[[Ethiopia]], [[Sudan]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 85.
|[[Okavango River|Okavango]] &lt;small&gt;(Cubango)&lt;/small&gt;
|1,600
|994
|530,000
|475
|[[Okavango Delta]]
|[[Namibia]], [[Angola]], [[Botswana]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 85.
|[[Volta River|Volta]]
|1,600
|994
|407,093
|1,210
|[[Gulf of Guinea]]
|[[Ghana]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Togo]], [[Côte d'Ivoire]], [[Benin]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 88.
|[[Beni River|Beni]]
|1,599
|994
|283,350
|8,900
|[[Madeira River|Madeira]]
|Bolivia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 89.
|[[Shilka (river)|Shilka]]-[[Onon (river)|Onon]]
|1,592
|989
|206,000
|440
|Amur
|Russia (86%), Mongolia (14%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 90.
|[[Tobol]]
|1,591
|989
|426,000
|805
|[[Irtysh]]
|Kazakhstan, Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 91.
|[[Alazeya]]
|1,590
|988
|64,700
|320
|[[East Siberian Sea]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 92.
|[[Kafue River|Kafue]]
|1,576
|979
|155,000
|320
|[[Zambezi]]
|Zambia (99.6%), Democratic Republic of the Congo (0.4%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 93.
|[[Yalong River|Yalong]]
|1,571
|976
|128,444
|1,810
|[[Yangtze]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 94.
|[[Magdalena River|Magdalena]]
|1,550
|963
|263,858
|8,058&lt;ref name=&quot;ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2022&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://www.andi.com.co/Uploads/ENA%202022_compressed.pdf|title=ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2022|isbn=978-958-5489-12-7|year=2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Caribbean Sea]]
|Colombia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 95.
|[[Han River (Hanshui)|Han]]
|1,532
|952
|174,300
|1,632
|[[Yangtze]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 96.
|[[Kura (South Caucasus river)|Kura/Mt'k'vari]]
|1,515
|941
|188,400
|575
|[[Caspian Sea]]
|Turkey, [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Azerbaijan]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 97.
|[[Oka (river)|Oka]]
|1,500
|932
|245,000
|1,310&lt;ref name=&quot;THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=http://isi.irtces.org/isi/rootfiles/2017/07/04/1496391629451299-1498713525725099.pdf|title=THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT|last1=Valentin|first1=Golosov|last2=Vladimir|first2=Belayev|year=2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Volga]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot; | 97.
|Upper [[Murray River|Murray]]
|1,500&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Longest Rivers|date=24 November 2015|url=https://www.mdba.gov.au/discover-basin/catchments/lower-murray|publisher=Murray Darling Basin Authority|access-date=4 February 2019|archive-date=7 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207073839/https://www.mdba.gov.au/discover-basin/catchments/lower-murray|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|932
|260,000
|
|Lower [[Murray River|Murray]]
|Australia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 99.
|[[Yana (river)|Yana]]-[[Sartang (river)|Sartang]]
|1,492
|927
|238,000
|1,110
|Laptev Sea
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 100.
|[[Pecos River|Pecos]]
|1,490
|926
|115,000
|7.5
|[[Rio Grande]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot; | 101.
|[[Murrumbidgee River]]
|1,485 &lt;ref name=&quot;geoaus&quot; /&gt;
|923
|84,917
|120
|[[Murray River]]
|Australia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 102.
|Upper [[Yenisey]]–[[Little Yenisey|Little Yenisey (Kaa-Hem)]]
|1,480
|920
|360,000
|
|[[Yenisey]]
|Russia, Mongolia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 103.
|[[Godavari River|Godavari]]
|1,465
|910
|312,812
|3,061
|[[Bay of Bengal]]
|India
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 104.
|[[Sangha River|Sangha]]-[[Dja River|Ngoko-Dja]]
|1,459
|907
|233,740
|
|Congo
|Cameroon (45%), Republic of Congo (31%), Central African Republic (25%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 105.
|[[Vaal River|Vaal]]
|1,458
|906
|196,438
|125
|[[Orange River|Orange]]
|[[South Africa]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 106.
|[[Sutlej]]
|1,450
|900
|395,000
|2,946.66
|[[Chenab River|Chenab]]
|China, India, Pakistan
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 107.
|[[Ili (river)|Ili]] &lt;small&gt;(Yili)&lt;/small&gt;
|1,439
|870
|140,000
|480
|[[Lake Balkhash]]
|China, Kazakhstan
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 108.
|[[Olyokma]]
|1,436
|892
|210,000
|2,110
|[[Lena (river)|Lena]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 109.
|Upper [[Columbia River|Columbia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=USGS Water Resources: About USGS Water Resources |url=https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/huc_name.html |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=water.usgs.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,430
|889&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|292,316&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|3,364&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=USGS Gage #12472800 on the Columbia River below Priest Rapids Dam, WA (Water-Data Report 2013) |url=https://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2013/pdfs/12472800.2013.pdf |access-date=December 15, 2023 |website=National Water Information System |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Columbia River|Columbia]]
|United States, Canada
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 110.
|Upper [[Tocantins River|Tocantins]]
|1,427
|887
|310,000
|
|[[Tocantins River|Tocantins]]
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 111.
|[[Belaya (Kama)|Belaya]]
|1,420
|882
|142,000
|858
|[[Kama (river)|Kama]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot; | 111.
|[[Cooper Creek|Cooper]]–[[Barcoo River|Barcoo]]
|1,420
|880
|297,950&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian Natural Resources Atlas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003024130/http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-10-03|title=Australian Natural Resources Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|36&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian Natural Resources Atlas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003024130/http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-10-03|title=Australian Natural Resources Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Lake Eyre]]
|Australia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 113.
|[[Dniester]]
|1,411 (1,352)
|877 (840)
|72,100
|310
|[[Black Sea]]
|[[Ukraine]], [[Moldova]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 114.
|[[Taz (river)|Taz]]
|1,401
|871
|150,000
|1,450
|[[Taz Estuary]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 115.
|[[Benue River|Benue]]
|1,400
|870
|319,000
|3,477
|[[Niger River|Niger]]
|[[Cameroon]], [[Nigeria]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 115.
|[[Chari River|Chari]]
|1,400&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Chari River |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Chari-River |url-status=live |access-date=25 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521034537/https://www.britannica.com/place/Chari-River |archive-date=21 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|870
|548,747
|1,059
|[[Lake Chad]]
|[[Chad]], [[Cameroon]], [[Niger]], [[Nigeria]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 115.
|[[Parnaíba River|Parnaíba]]
|1,400
|870
|344,112
|
|Atlantic Ocean
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot; | 115.
|[[Warburton Creek|Warburton]]–[[Georgina River|Georgina]]
|1,400
|870
|408,005&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian Natural Resources Atlas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003024130/http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-10-03|title=Australian Natural Resources Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|60&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian Natural Resources Atlas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003024130/http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-10-03|title=Australian Natural Resources Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Lake Eyre]]
|Australia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 119.
|[[Colorado River (Texas)|Colorado]] (Texas)
|1,387
|862
|103,000 
|73.9
|Gulf of Mexico
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 120.
|[[Yamuna]]
|1,376
|855
|366,223
|2,950
|[[Ganges]]
|India
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 121.
|[[Apaporis River|Apaporis]]
|1,370
|851
|57,430.6
|4,092&lt;ref name=&quot;ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2010 (IDEAM) - Agua Superficial - Caracterización y análísis de la oferta&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=http://documentacion.ideam.gov.co/openbiblio/bvirtual/021888/CAP3.pdf|title=ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2010 (IDEAM) - Agua Superficial - Caracterización y análísis de la oferta|last1=Félix Dario|first1=Sánchez|last2=Martha|first2=García|last3=Omar|first3=Jaramillo|last4=Nelsy|first4=Verdugo|year=2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Japurá River|Japurá]]
|Colombia (93%), Brazil (7%),
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 121.
|[[Nen River|Nen]] &lt;small&gt;(Nonni)&lt;/small&gt;
|1,370
|851
|270,000
|
|[[Songhua River|Songhua]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 121.
|[[Vyatka (river)|Vyatka]]
|1,370
|851
|129,000
|890
|[[Kama (river)|Kama]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 124.
|[[Fraser River|Fraser]]
|1,368
|850
|220,000
|3,475
|Pacific Ocean
|Canada, United States&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Chilliwack River Valley: An Outdoor Enthusiast's Paradise |url=https://www.campingrvbc.com/blog/the-chilliwack-river-valley-an-outdoor-enthusiasts-paradise/ |website=Camping &amp; RVing BC |publisher=Camping and RVing British Columbia Coalition |access-date=27 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311125716/https://www.campingrvbc.com/blog/the-chilliwack-river-valley-an-outdoor-enthusiasts-paradise/ |archive-date=11 March 2016 |language=en |date=10 October 2017 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 125.
|[[Rio Grande (Paraná River)|Grande]]
|1,360
|845
|143,000
|
|[[Paraná River|Paraná]]
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 126.
|[[Kızıl River]]
|1,355
|734
|115,000
|400
|[[Black Sea]]
|Turkey
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 127.
|[[Madre de Dios River|Madre de Dios]]
|1,347
|837
|125,000
|4,915
|[[Beni River|Beni]]
|Peru, Bolivia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 128.
|[[Liao River|Liao]]-[[Xiliao River|Xiliao]]-Laoha
|1,345
|836
|232,000
|500
|[[Bohai Sea]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot; | 129.
|[[Lachlan River]]
|1,339 &lt;ref name=&quot;geoaus&quot; /&gt;
|832
|84,700
|49
|[[Murrumbidgee River]]
|Australia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 130.
|[[Narmada River|Narmada]]
|1,333 &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title= Narmada Basin |publisher= India WRIS |url= https://indiawris.gov.in/downloads/Narmada%20Basin.pdf |access-date= 29 November 2021 |archive-date= 29 November 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211129154850/https://indiawris.gov.in/downloads/Narmada%20Basin.pdf |url-status= live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|828
|98,796
|1,447
|[[Arabian Sea]]
|India
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 131.
|[[Hai River|Hai]]
|1,329
|826
|318,200
|717
|[[Bohai Sea]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 132.
|[[Branco River|Branco]]-[[Uraricoera River|Uraricoera]]
|1,326
|824
|192,393
|6,469
|[[Rio Negro (Amazon)|Rio Negro]]
|Brazil (96%), Guyana (7%), Venezuela (1%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 133.
|[[Iguassu River|Iguaçu]]
|1,320
|820
|67,537
|1,746
|[[Paraná River|Paraná]]
|Brazil, Argentina
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 134.
|[[Taseyeva]]-[[Chuna (river)|Chuna]]
|1,319
|820
|128,000
|740
|[[Angara]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 135.
|[[Javary River|Javari]]
|1,309
|814
|109,680&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivers Network-Amazon&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&amp;id=43&amp;catid=191&amp;Itemid=179|title=Rivers Network-Amazon|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|5,225&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivers Network-Amazon&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&amp;id=43&amp;catid=191&amp;Itemid=179|title=Rivers Network-Amazon|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Brazil (78%), Peru (22%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 136.
|[[Northern Dvina]]–[[Sukhona]]
|1,302
|809
|350,496&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|3,416&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|[[White Sea]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 137.
|[[Inírida River|Inírida]]
|1,300
|808
|53,816.9
|3,385&lt;ref name=&quot;ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2010 (IDEAM) - Agua Superficial - Caracterización y análísis de la oferta&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=http://documentacion.ideam.gov.co/openbiblio/bvirtual/021888/CAP3.pdf|title=ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2010 (IDEAM) - Agua Superficial - Caracterización y análísis de la oferta|last1=Félix Dario|first1=Sánchez|last2=Martha|first2=García|last3=Omar|first3=Jaramillo|last4=Nelsy|first4=Verdugo|year=2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Guaviare River|Guaviare]]
|Colombia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 137.
|[[Iriri River|Iriri]]
|1,300
|808
|141,943
|3,028
|[[Xingu River|Xingu]]
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 137.
|[[Neva]]-[[Vuoksi]]
|1,300
|808
|282,300
|2,628
|[[Gulf of Finland]]
|Russia, [[Finland]], Belarus
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 140.
|[[Ruki River|Ruki]]
|1,296
|805
|173,800
|4,450
|Congo
|Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 141.
|[[River Krishna|Krishna]]
|1,290
|800
|258,948
|2,213
|[[Bay of Bengal]]
|India
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 142.
|[[Lomami River|Lomami]]&lt;ref name=&quot;bossche&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last= Bossche |first= J.P. vanden |author2=G. M. Bernacsek |title= Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Volume 1 |year= 1990 |publisher= Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |isbn= 978-92-5-102983-1 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&amp;pg=PA333 |page= 333}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,280
|795
|110,000
|
|[[Congo River|Congo]]
|Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 143.
|[[Ottawa River|Ottawa]]
|1,271
|790
|146,300
|1,950
|[[Saint Lawrence River|Saint Lawrence]]
|Canada
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 144.
|[[Grande de Santiago River|Rio Grande de Santiago]]-[[Lerma River|Lerma]]
|1,270
|789
|119,543
|320
|Pacific Ocean
|Mexico
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 145.
|[[Guaporé River|Guaporé]] &lt;small&gt;(Itenez)&lt;/small&gt;
|1,260
|780
|341,000
|2,430
|[[Mamoré]]
|Brazil, Bolivia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 146.
|[[Red River of the North|Red (Canada)]]-[[Assiniboine River|Assiniboine]]-[[Souris River|Souris]]
|1,260
|780
|287,500
|244
|Lake Winnipeg
|Canada (56%), US (44%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 147.
|[[Elbe]]–[[Vltava]]
|1,252
|778
|148,268
|711
|[[North Sea]]
|Germany, [[Czech Republic]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 148.
|[[Zeya (river)|Zeya]]
|1,242
|772
|233,000
|1,810
|[[Amur]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 149.
|[[Juruena River|Juruena]]
|1,240
|771
|192,628
|4,936.7
|[[Tapajós]]
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 150.
|Upper [[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
|1,236
|768
|450,000
|4,800
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 151.
|[[Rhine]]
|1,233
|768
|185,000 &lt;ref&gt;If the Meuse is considered a tributary, the Rhine basin is 218,300&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|2,330
|[[North Sea]]
|Germany (57.3%), Switzerland (15.1%), Netherlands (12.3%), France (12.2%), [[Luxembourg]] (1.4%), Austria (1.3%), Belgium (0.4%), [[Liechtenstein]] (0.1%), Italy (0.03%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 152.
|[[Athabasca River|Athabasca]]
|1,231
|765
|95,300
|783
|[[Mackenzie River|Mackenzie]]
|Canada
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 153.
|[[Markha (Vilyuy)|Markha]]
|1,231
|765
|99,000
|405
|Vilyuy
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 154.
|[[Canadian River|Canadian]]
|1,223
|760
|123,220
|182.2
|[[Arkansas River|Arkansas]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 155.
|[[North Saskatchewan River|North Saskatchewan]]
|1,220
|758
|122,800
|238
|[[Saskatchewan River|Saskatchewan]]
|Canada
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 156.
|[[Kansas River|Kansas]]-[[Republican River|Republican]]
|1,218
|757
|155,690
|205
|Missouri
|US
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 157.
|[[Vistula]]–[[Narew]]-[[Bug (river)|Bug]]
|1,213
|754
|194,424
|1,080
|[[Baltic Sea]]
|Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Slovakia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 158.
|[[Awash River|Awash]]
|1,200&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&amp;view=doc&amp;id=184&amp;format=raw&amp;Itemid=466 &quot;Climate, 2008 National Statistics (Abstract)&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113215000/http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&amp;view=doc&amp;id=184&amp;format=raw&amp;Itemid=466|date=2010-11-13}}, Table A.1. Central Statistical Agency website (accessed 26 December 2009)&lt;/ref&gt;
|746
|69,197&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|152&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|[[Lake Abbe]]
|Ethiopia, Djibouti
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 158.
|[[Shire River|Shire]]
|1,200
|746
|160,000
|486
|[[Zambezi]]
|[[Mozambique]], [[Malawi]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 158.
|[[Ogooué River|Ogooué (or Ogowe)]]
|1,200
|746
|223,856
|5,890&lt;ref name=&quot;Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Hydrometeorology|doi=10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003&lt;0660:EOFDFC&gt;2.0.CO;2|url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/hydr/3/6/1525-7541_2002_003_0660_eofdfc_2_0_co_2.xml|last1=Aiguo|first1=Dai|last2=Kevin|first2=E. Trenberth|title=Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations|date=2002|volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=660–687|bibcode=2002JHyMe...3..660D }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Atlantic Ocean
|[[Gabon]], [[Republic of the Congo]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 161.
|[[Fimi River|Fimi]]-[[Lukenie River|Lukenie]]
|1,194
|742
|133,432
|
|Kasai
|Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 162.
|[[Mobile River|Mobile]]
|1,192
|741
|115,000
|1,900
|Gulf of Mexico
|US
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 163.
|[[Lukuga River|Lukuga]]
|1,184
|736
|244,500
|
|[[Lualaba River|Lualaba]]
|Tanzania (62%), Democratic Republic of the Congo (26%), Zambia (6%), Burundi (5%), Rwanda (2%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 164.
|[[Min River (Sichuan)|Min]]-[[Dadu River|Dadu]]
|1,182
|734
|133,000
|2,850
|Yangtze
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 165.
|[[Markha (Vilyuy)|Markha]]
|1,181
|734
|99,000
|405
|[[Vilyuy]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 166.
|[[Aripuanã River|Aripuanã]]
|1,175
|730
|147,224
|4,064
|Madeira
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 167.
|[[Milk River (Alberta–Montana)|Milk]]
|1,173
|729
|62,000
|17.5
|
[[Missouri River|Missouri]]
|United States, Canada
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 168.
|[[Mun River|Mun]] - [[Chi River|Chi]]
|1,162
|722
|119,180
|725
|[[Mekong|Mekong River]]
|[[Thailand]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 168.
|[[White River (Arkansas)|White]]
|{{convert|722|mi|disp=number}}
|722&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Rogers |first1=Aaron W. |title=White River - Encyclopedia of Arkansas |url=http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=2310 |website=www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net |access-date=27 October 2018 |archive-date=27 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027143308/http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=2310 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|71,910
|834.8
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 170.
|[[Chindwin River|Chindwin]]
|1,158
|720
|114,685
|4,740
|[[Ayeyarwady River|Ayeyarwady]]
|Myanmar
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 171.
|[[Sankuru River|Sankuru]]
|1,150
|715
|150,000
|
|[[Kasai River|Kasai]]
|Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 171.
|[[Wu River (Yangtze River tributary)|Wu]]
|1,150
|715
|80,300
|1,108
|[[Yangtze]]
|China
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 173.
|[[Red River (Asia)|Red (Asia)]]
|1,149
|714
|143,700
|4,300&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Krystian W. Pilarczyk |author-link=Krystian Pilarczyk |date=January 2003 |title=Bank erosion Mekong Delta and Red River |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294892187 |access-date=6 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Gulf of Tonkin]]
|China, Vietnam
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 174.
|[[James River (Dakotas)|James (Dakotas)]]
|1,143
|710
|54,240
|18.3
|[[Missouri River|Missouri]]
|United States
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 175.
|[[Kapuas River|Kapuas]]
|1,143
|710
|98,749
|6,012&lt;ref name=&quot;Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences|doi=10.1002/2016JG003701|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317140380|last1=Ting-Hsuan|first1=Huang|last2=Chen-Tung|first2=Arthur Chen|last3=Hsiao-Chun|first3=Tseng|last4=Jiann-Yuh|first4=Lou|last5=Shu Lun|first5=Wang|last6=Liyang|first6=Yang|last7=Selvaraj|first7=Kandasamy|last8=Xuelu|first8=Gao|last9=Jough-Tai|first9=Wang|last10=Edvin|first10=Aldrian|last11=G.S.|first11=Jacinto|last12=Gusti Z.|first12=Anshari|last13=Penjai|first13=Sompongchaiyakul|last14=B.J.|first14=Wang|title=Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS|date=May 2017|s2cid=135024272|volume=122|issue=5|pages =1239–1259 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[South China Sea]]
|[[Indonesia]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 176.
|[[Paraíba do Sul River|Paraíba do Sul]]
|1,137
|696
|56,000
|
|Atlantic Ocean
|Brazil
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 177.
|[[Yobe River|Yobe]]-[[Hadejia River|Hadejia]]
|1,135
|705
|183,009
|
|Lake Chad
|Nigeria (68%), Niger (32%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 178.
|[[Desna (river)|Desna]]
|1,130
|702
|88,900
|360
|[[Dnieper]]
|Russia, [[Belarus]], [[Ukraine]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 178.
|[[Helmand River|Helmand]]
|1,130
|702
|150,000
|
|[[Hamun-i-Helmand]]
|[[Afghanistan]], Iran
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 178.
|[[Tietê River|Tietê]]
|1,130
|702
|72,168
|937
|[[Paraná River|Paraná]]
|Brazil
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot;| 178.
|[[Vychegda]]
|1,130
|702
|121,000
|1160
|[[Northern Dvina]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 182.
|[[Sepik]]
|1,126
|700
|77,700&lt;ref name=&quot;Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/114888/2/b12297859.pdf|title=Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea|last=Ernst|first=Loffler|year=1977}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|5,000&lt;ref name=&quot;Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/114888/2/b12297859.pdf|title=Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea|last=Ernst|first=Loffler|year=1977}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Pacific Ocean
|[[Papua New Guinea]], [[Indonesia]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 182.
|[[Sobat River|Sobat]]-[[Pibor River|Pibor]]
|1,126
|700
|225,000
|412
|White Nile
|South Sudan (60%), Ethiopia (29%), Kenya (10%), Uganda (2%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 184.
|[[Orkhon River|Orkhon]]
|1,124
|698
|132,835
|66
|[[Selenga]]
|Mongolia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 185.
|[[Cimarron River (Arkansas River)|Cimarron]]
|1,123
|698
|49,100
|32.9
|[[Arkansas River|Arkansas]]
|United States
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 186.
|[[Anadyr (river)|Anadyr]]
|1,120
|696
|191,000
|2,020
|[[Gulf of Anadyr]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 187.
|[[Jialing River]]
|1,119
|695
|160,000
|
|[[Yangtze]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 188.
|[[Liard River|Liard]]
|1,115
|693
|277,100
|2,434
|[[Mackenzie River|Mackenzie]]
|Canada
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 189.
|[[Omolon]]
|1,114
|692
|113,000
|
|[[Kolyma (river)|Kolyma]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 190.
|[[Mamberamo River]]
|1,112
|691
|78,992
|5,923
|[[Pacific Ocean]]
|[[Indonesia]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 191.
|[[Cumberland River|Cumberland]]
|1,105
|687
|46,830
|862
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
|United States
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 192.
|[[Omo River|Omo]]
|1,104&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|686
|86,657
|915.5
|[[Lake Turkana]]
|Ethiopia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 193.
|[[Bani River|Bani]]
|1,100
|684
|146,570
|
|Niger
|Mali (80%), Ivory Coast (15%), Burkina Faso (5%), Guinea (0.1%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 193.
|[[Huallaga River|Huallaga]]
|1,100
|684
|90,000
|3,800
|[[Marañón River (Peru)|Marañón]]
|Peru
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 193.
|[[Kwango River|Kwango]]
|1,100
|684
|263,500
|2,700
|Kasai
|Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 193.
|[[Draa River|Draa]]
|1,100
|684
|95,000
|
|Atlantic Ocean
|[[Morocco]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 197.
|[[Gambia River|Gambia]]
|1,094
|680
|78,000
|
|Atlantic Ocean
|[[The Gambia]], [[Senegal]], [[Guinea]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 198.
|[[Tyung]]
|1,092
|679
|49,800
|
|[[Vilyuy]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 199.
|[[Barito River]]
|1,090
|680
|81,675
|5,497
|[[Java Sea]]
|[[Indonesia]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 200.
|[[Maya (Aldan)|Maya]]
|1,087
|675
|171,000
|1,180
|Aldan
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 201.
|[[Yellowstone River|Yellowstone]]
|1,080
|671
|114,260
|390
|[[Missouri River|Missouri]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 201.
|[[Ghaghara River|Ghaghara]]
|1,080
|671
|127,950
|2,990
|[[Ganges]]
|India, Nepal, China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 203.
|[[Huai River]]
|1,078
|670
|270,000
|1,110
|[[Yangtze]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 204.
|[[Aras (river)|Aras]]
|1,072
|665
|102,000
|285
|[[Kura (South Caucasus river)|Kura]]
|Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 205.
|[[Chu (river)|Chu]]
|1,067
|663
|62,500
|
|none
|[[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Kazakhstan]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 205.
|[[Sanaga River|Sanaga-Djérem]]
|1,067
|663
|140,000
|2,072
|[[Bight of Biafra]]
|Cameroon, Nigeria, Central African Republic
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 207.
|[[Donets|Seversky Donets]]
|1,053 (1,078)
|654 (670)
|98,900
|159
|[[Don (river)|Don]]
|Russia, Ukraine
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 208.
|[[Bermejo River|Bermejo]]
|1,050
|652
|125,000
|
|[[Paraguay River|Paraguay]]
|Argentina, Bolivia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 208.
|[[Cunene River|Cunene]]
|1,050
|652
|108,943
|
|Atlantic Ocean
|Angola (85%), Namibia (15%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 208.
|[[Fly River|Fly]]
|1,050
|652
|75,800
|6,500
|[[Gulf of Papua]]
|[[Papua New Guinea]], [[Indonesia]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 208.
|[[Kuskokwim River|Kuskokwim]]
|1,050
|652
|120,000
|1,900
|[[Bering Sea]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 212.
|[[Tennessee River|Tennessee]]
|1,049
|652
|105,870
|1,998
|[[Ohio River|Ohio]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 213.
|[[Oder]]–[[Warta]]
|1,045
|649
|118,861
|550
|[[Baltic Sea]]
|Poland, Germany, Czech Republic
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 214.
|[[Apure River|Apure]]
|1,038
|645
|167,000
|2,300
|Orinoco
|Venezuela (99.8%), Colombia (0.2%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 215.
|[[Logone River|Logone]]
|1,033
|642
|78,000
|492
|[[Chari River|Chari]]
|Chad (53%), Cameroon (34%), Central African Republic (14%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 216.
|[[Aruwimi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;bossche&quot; /&gt;
|1,030
|640
|116,100
|2,200
|[[Congo River|Congo]]
|Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 217.
|[[Chambal River|Chambal]]
|1,024
|636
|143,219
|456
|[[Yamuna River|Yamuna]]
|[[India]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 217.
|[[Pur (Russia)|Pur]]
|1,024
|636
|112,000
|
|Taz Estuary
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 219.
|[[Daugava]]
|1,020
|634
|87,900
|678
|[[Gulf of Riga]]
|[[Latvia]], [[Belarus]], Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 220.
|[[Gila River|Gila]]
|1,015
|631
|151,000
|7
|[[Colorado River|Colorado]] (western U.S.)
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 221.
|[[Essequibo River|Essequibo]]
|1,014
|630
|156,828&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tilman |first=Eric |title=Rivers Network - Atlantic North Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&amp;id=167&amp;catid=329&amp;Itemid=179#tab-4753 |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=Rivers Network |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|5,136&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
|Atlantic Ocean
|[[Guyana]], Venezuela
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 222.
|[[Loire]]
|1,012
|629
|115,271
|840
|Atlantic Ocean
|France
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 223.
|[[Khopyor]]
|1,010
|628
|61,100
|150
|[[Don (river)|Don]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 224.
|[[Tagus]] &lt;small&gt;(Tajo/Tejo)&lt;/small&gt;
|1,006
|625
|80,100
|444
|Atlantic Ocean
|Spain, Portugal
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot; | 225.
|[[Flinders River]]
|1,004 &lt;ref name=&quot;geoaus&quot; /&gt;
|624
|109,000
|122&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian Natural Resources Atlas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003024130/http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-10-03|title=Australian Natural Resources Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Gulf of Carpentaria]]
|Australia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 226.
|[[Koksoak River|Koksoak]]
|1,000
|621
|136,262&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|2,800
|Ungava Bay
|Canada
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 226.
|[[Usumacinta River|Usumacinta]]
|1,000
|621
|134,400
|
|Gulf of Mexico
|Mexico, Guatemala 
|}

[[File:Miss R dam 27.jpg|thumb|The Mississippi River just north of [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]]]]
[[File:DSCN4262 rmosesspstlawrence e.jpg|thumb|Saint Lawrence River along the New York-Quebec border]]
*

==Noosi mini Kundivihira ==
;Notes
{{Reflist|group=n}}
;References
{{Reflist}}</text>
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[[File:Nile.jpg|right|thumb|upright=1.15|The [[Nile]] as seen from a cruise boat between [[Luxor]] and [[Aswan]] in [[Egypt]]]]
[[File:1855 Colton Map or Chart of the World's Mountains and Rivers - Geographicus - MtsRvrs2-colton-1855.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Chart of the World's Mountains and Rivers by [[J. H. Colton]], 1855]]
Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla '''mɔɣa di waɣa pam dunia zaa yuya'''. Di nyɛla din pahi mɔɣ'shɛŋa din waɣilim paai kilomitanima 1,000.

==Gbunni zaŋ n-ti waɣilim ==
Binyɛra pam beni di gbaai bahindi mɔɣili maa pili shee baŋbu,&lt;ref name=&quot;amazon-river-source&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/02/140213-amazon-river-length-source-maps-science/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215030338/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/02/140213-amazon-river-length-source-maps-science/|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 15, 2014|title=Where Does the Amazon River Begin?|date=2014-02-15|website=National Geographic News|access-date=2018-12-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; koli'noli maa baŋbu n ti pahi waɣilim zahimbu&lt;ref&gt;for more on this, see [[coastline paradox]]&lt;/ref&gt; zaŋ n-ti mɔɣili waɣilim bin din gbaai di piligu zaŋ hali ni di kolinoli shee, din bɔŋɔ nyɛ din wuhiri mɔɣili waɣilim ni nyɛ shɛm. Lala zuɣu mɔɣa pam zahimbu kuli nyɛla buɣisibu. Nangbankpeeni nyɛla din beni zaŋ jandi dunia zaa mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari mɔɣili kam dama shɛba ʒimi ni Nile&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-nile&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nile-River|title=Nile River|year=2020|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=8 December 2020|archive-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010201930/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nile-River|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka shɛba mi yɛlli ni Amazon.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-amazon&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Amazon-River|title=Amazon River|year=2020|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=8 December 2020|archive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108222644/https://www.britannica.com/place/Amazon-River|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Nile ŋɔ  nyɛ so'kam ni daa na saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari mɔɣili kam dunia zaa amaa yuuni 2007 mini yuuni 2008 tabibi baŋdi shɛba nyɛla ban daa yɛlli ni  Amazon nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari mɔɣili kam dunia zaa&lt;ref name=&quot;AmazonRiver&quot;&gt;[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html Amazon Longer Than Nile River, Scientists Say] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815112238/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html |date=15 August 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc-amazon&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6759291.stm|title=Amazon river 'longer than Nile'|date=16 June 2007|access-date=3 August 2010|publisher=BBC News|archive-date=26 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926054938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6759291.stm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;inpe&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.inpe.br/ingles/news/news_dest29.php|title=Studies from INPE indicate that the Amazon River is 140km longer than the Nile|publisher=Brazilian National Institute for Space Research|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411011122/http://www.inpe.br/ingles/news/news_dest29.php|archive-date=11 April 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=3 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; din daa niŋ ka bɛ zahim li nyaaŋa.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-amazon-length&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/story/how-long-is-the-amazon-river|title=How Long Is the Amazon River?|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2018-12-24|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224171204/https://www.britannica.com/story/how-long-is-the-amazon-river|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lahabali shɛli bɛ ni daa zaŋ wuhi salo yuuni 2009 ka nyɛ din be ''International Journal of Digital Earth'' nyɛla din wuhi ni Nile nyɛ mɔɣili din waɣa gari mɔɣa zaa din be dunia.&lt;ref name=&quot;liu-etal-river-length&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Liu|first1=Shaochuang|last2=Lu|first2=P|last3=Liu|first3=D|last4=Jin|first4=P|last5=Wang|first5=W|date=2009-03-01|title=Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220473241|journal=Int. J. Digit. Earth|volume=2|issue=1|pages=80–87|doi=10.1080/17538940902746082|bibcode=2009IJDE....2...80L|s2cid=27548511|access-date=2018-12-24|archive-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223211543/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220473241_Pinpointing_the_sources_and_measuring_the_lengths_of_the_principal_rivers_of_the_world|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==List of river systems longer than 1,000 km==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Legend of colors used in main table, by continent
! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;6&quot;| [[Continent]] color key
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; |[[Geography of Africa|Africa]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; |[[Geography of Asia|Asia]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot; |[[Geography of Australia|Australia]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; |[[Geography of Europe|Europe]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; |[[Geography of North America|North America]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; |[[Geography of South America|South America]]
|}

{{Sticky header}}
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable sticky-header&quot;
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| Rank
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| River
!scope=&quot;col&quot; data-sort-type=number| Length (km)
!scope=&quot;col&quot; data-sort-type=number| Length (miles)
!scope=&quot;col&quot; data-sort-type=number| [[Drainage area]]&lt;br/&gt;(km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;br/&gt;{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}
!scope=&quot;col&quot; data-sort-type=number| Average [[Discharge (hydrology)|discharge]]&lt;br/&gt;(m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s)&lt;br/&gt;{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| Outflow
!scope=&quot;col&quot;| [[country|Countries]] in the drainage basin {{citation needed|date=January 2015}}
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 1.
|[[Nile]]–[[White Nile]]–[[Kagera River|Kagera]]–[[Nyabarongo River|Nyabarongo]]–[[Mwogo River|Mwogo]]–[[Rukarara River|Rukarara]]{{refn|The Nile is usually said to be the longest river in the world, with a length of about 6,650&amp;nbsp;km,&lt;ref name=britannica-nile/&gt; and the Amazon the second longest, with a length of at least 6,400&amp;nbsp;km.&lt;ref name=britannica-amazon/&gt; In 2007 and 2008, some scientists claimed that the Amazon has a length of 6,992&amp;nbsp;km and was longer than the Nile, whose length was calculated as 6,853&amp;nbsp;km.&lt;ref name=bbc-amazon/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Roach|first1=John|title=Amazon Longer Than Nile River, Scientists Say|date=18 June 2007 |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822042725/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070619-amazon-river.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 22, 2007|publisher=National Geographic|access-date=4 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=inpe/&gt; They achieved this result by adding the waterway from the Amazon's southern outlet through tidal canals and the Pará estuary of the Tocantins.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020|reason=This seems to be original research.}} The dispute is: &quot;Is the channel south of Isla de Marajó to be treated as part of the Amazon, or as part of the Rio Tocantins?&quot;{{Citation needed|date=December 2020|reason=This seems to be original research.}}
A [[Peer review|peer-reviewed]] article, published in 2009, states a length of 7,088&amp;nbsp;km for the Nile and 6,575&amp;nbsp;km for the Amazon, measured by using a combination of satellite image analysis and field investigations to the source regions.&lt;ref name=liu-etal-river-length/&gt;
According to the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', as of 2020, the length of the Amazon remains open to interpretation and continued debate.&lt;ref name=britannica-amazon/&gt;&lt;ref name=britannica-amazon-length/&gt; 
Note that disputed values have been put in parentheses.|name=longest|group=n}}
|6,650&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-nile&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(7,088)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=liu-etal-river-length/&gt;
|4,130&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-nile&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(4,404)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=liu-etal-river-length/&gt;
|3,254,555&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-02-17 |title=EarthTrends: The Environmental Information Portal |url=http://earthtrends.wri.org:80/maps_spatial/maps_detail_static.php?map_select=299&amp;theme=2 |access-date=2024-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217110756/http://earthtrends.wri.org:80/maps_spatial/maps_detail_static.php?map_select=299&amp;theme=2 |archive-date=17 February 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2,490&lt;ref name=&quot;Water accounting in the Nile River Basin&quot;&gt;{{cite report|url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/ca9895en|title=Water accounting in the Nile River Basin|publisher=FAO|pages=70|isbn=978-92-5-132982-5|date=2021|doi=10.4060/ca9895en|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]
|[[Ethiopia]], [[Eritrea]], [[Sudan]], [[Uganda]], [[Tanzania]], [[Kenya]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Egypt]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[South Sudan]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 2.
|[[Amazon River|Amazon]]–[[Ucayali River|Ucayali]]–[[Tambo River (Peru)|Tambo]]–[[Ene River|Ene]]–[[Mantaro River|Mantaro]]&lt;ref name=longest group=n/&gt;
|6,400&lt;ref name=britannica-amazon/&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(6,575)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=liu-etal-river-length/&gt;
|3,976&lt;ref name=britannica-amazon/&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(4,086)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=liu-etal-river-length/&gt;
|7,000,000&lt;ref name=britannica-amazon/&gt;
|230,000&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Texto original em pdf - melhor para a leitura |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.48075/amb.v2i1.23299.s4179 |access-date=2024-11-18 |doi=10.48075/amb.v2i1.23299.s4179 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Atlantic Ocean]]
|[[Brazil]], [[Peru]], [[Colombia]]

|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 3.
|[[Yangtze]]–[[Jinsha River|Jinsha]]–[[Tongtian River|Tongtian]]–[[Dangqu]] &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Chang Jiang)&lt;/small&gt;
|6,300&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(6,418)&lt;/small&gt;
|3,917&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(3,988)&lt;/small&gt;
|1,970,000&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivers Network - Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&amp;id=222&amp;catid=373&amp;Itemid=179|title=Rivers Network - Yangzi Jiang-Chang Jiang (Yangtze)|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Untitled Document |url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/eng-shuzi2003/gq/dili5.htm |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=www.china.org.cn}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|31,900&lt;ref name=&quot;Sediment sink-source transitions in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River estuary&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=Sediment sink-source transitions in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River estuary|last1=Yunping|first1=Yang|last2=Mingjin|first2=Zhang|last3=Jinhai|first3=Zheng|last4=Lingling|first4=Zhu|journal=Frontiers in Marine Science|year=2023|volume=10 | doi = 10.3389/fmars.2023.1201533 | doi-access = free|bibcode=2023FrMaS..1001533Y }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hydrological Cycle Volume III&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UAmCCwAAQBAJ|title=Hydrological Cycle Volume III|last1=Igor Alekseevich|first1=Shiklomanov|isbn=978-1-84826-026-9|year=2009|publisher=EOLSS Publications }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Zengxin |last2=Tao |first2=Hui |last3=Zhang |first3=Qiang |last4=Zhang |first4=Jinchi |last5=Forher |first5=Nicola |last6=Hörmann |first6=Georg |date=July 2010 |title=Moisture budget variations in the Yangtze River Basin, China, and possible associations with large-scale circulation |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00477-009-0338-7 |journal=Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment |language=en |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=579–589 |doi=10.1007/s00477-009-0338-7 |bibcode=2010SERRA..24..579Z |issn=1436-3240|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[East China Sea]]
|[[China]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 4.
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]–[[Missouri River|Missouri]]–[[Jefferson River|Jefferson]]–[[Beaverhead River|Beaverhead]]–[[Red Rock River (Montana)|Red Rock]]–[[Hell Roaring Creek|Hell Roaring]]
|6,275&lt;br&gt;
|3,902&lt;br&gt;
|3,248,000
|21,300&lt;ref name=&quot;Variability of Carbon Export in the Lower Mississippi River during an Extreme Cold and Warm Year&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Water|doi=10.3390/w14193044|last1=Lee|first1=Potter|last2=Y. Jun|first2=Xu|title=Variability of Carbon Export in the Lower Mississippi River during an Extreme Cold and Warm Year|date=2022|volume=14|issue=19|page=3044 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022Water..14.3044P }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;US&quot; /&gt;
|[[Gulf of Mexico]]
|[[United States]] (98.5%), [[Canada]] (1.5%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 5.
|[[Yenisey]]–[[Angara]]–[[Selenga]]–[[Ider River|Ider]]
|5,539
|3,445
|2,580,000&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Stadnyk |first1=Tricia A. |last2=Tefs |first2=A. |last3=Broesky |first3=M. |last4=Déry |first4=S. J. |last5=Myers |first5=P. G. |last6=Ridenour |first6=N. A. |last7=Koenig |first7=K. |last8=Vonderbank |first8=L. |last9=Gustafsson |first9=D. |date=2021-05-28 |title=Changing freshwater contributions to the Arctic |url=https://online.ucpress.edu/elementa/article/9/1/00098/117201/Changing-freshwater-contributions-to-the-ArcticA |journal=Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |language=en |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=00098 |doi=10.1525/elementa.2020.00098 |bibcode=2021EleSA...9...98S |issn=2325-1026|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20,200&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Kara Sea]]
|[[Russia]] (97%), [[Mongolia]] (2.9%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 6.
|[[Yellow River]] &lt;small&gt;(Huang He)&lt;/small&gt;
|5,464
|3,395
|752,546
|2,571
|[[Bohai Sea]]
|China
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 7.
|[[Ob (river)|Ob]]–[[Irtysh]]
|5,410
|3,364
|2,990,000&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|13,100&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Gulf of Ob]]
|Russia, [[Kazakhstan]], China, Mongolia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 8.
|[[Río de la Plata]]–[[Paraná River|Paraná]]–[[Rio Grande (Paraná River)|Rio Grande]]&lt;ref name=britannica&gt;{{cite web |title= Río de la Plata |publisher= [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url= https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/463804/Rio-de-la-Plata |access-date= 11 August 2010 |archive-date= 9 May 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150509112732/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/463804/Rio-de-la-Plata |url-status= live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|4,880&lt;br&gt;
|3,030&lt;br&gt;
|3,182,064&lt;ref name=&quot;Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://iwlearn.net/resolveuid/92c8003b-1b64-424e-b251-602185ffa061|title=Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|27,225&lt;ref name=&quot;Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://iwlearn.net/resolveuid/92c8003b-1b64-424e-b251-602185ffa061|title=Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Río de la Plata]]
|Brazil (46.7%), [[Argentina]] (27.7%), [[Paraguay]] (13.5%), Bolivia (8.3%), [[Uruguay]] (3.8%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 9.
|[[Congo River|Congo]]–[[Lualaba River|Lualaba]]-[[Luvua River|Luvua]]-[[Luapula River|Luapula]]-[[Chambeshi River|Chambeshi]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Zaïre)&lt;/small&gt;
|4,700&lt;br&gt;
|2,922&lt;br&gt;
|3,680,000
|41,400&lt;ref name=&quot;Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Hydrometeorology|doi=10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003&lt;0660:EOFDFC&gt;2.0.CO;2|url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/hydr/3/6/1525-7541_2002_003_0660_eofdfc_2_0_co_2.xml|last1=Aiguo|first1=Dai|last2=Kevin|first2=E. Trenberth|title=Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations|date=2002|volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=660–687|bibcode=2002JHyMe...3..660D }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Atlantic Ocean
|Democratic Republic of the Congo, [[Central African Republic]], [[Angola]], [[Republic of the Congo]], [[Tanzania]], [[Cameroon]], [[Zambia]], [[Burundi]], [[Rwanda]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 10.
|[[Amur]]–[[Argun (Amur)|Argun]]
&lt;small&gt;(Heilong Jiang)&lt;/small&gt;
|4,444
|2,763
|1,855,000
|12,360&lt;ref name=&quot;Intra-Seasonal Variability&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Remote Sensing|title=Intra-Seasonal Variability of Sea Level on the Southwestern Bering Sea Shelf and Its Impact on the East Kamchatka and East Sakhalin Currents|doi=10.3390/rs15204984|volume=15|issue=20|last1=Andrey|first1=Andreev|year=2023|page=4984 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023RemS...15.4984A }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Sea of Okhotsk]]
|Russia, China, Mongolia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 11.
|[[Lena (river)|Lena]]
|4,400
|2,736
|2,490,000&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|18,300&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Laptev Sea]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 12.
|[[Mekong]] &lt;small&gt;(Lancang Jiang)&lt;/small&gt;
|4,350
|2,705
|810,000
|16,010&lt;ref name=&quot;Hydrological Cycle Volume III&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UAmCCwAAQBAJ|title=Hydrological Cycle Volume III|last1=Igor Alekseevich|first1=Shiklomanov|isbn=978-1-84826-026-9|year=2009|publisher=EOLSS Publications }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[South China Sea]]
|China, [[Myanmar]], [[Laos]], [[Thailand]], [[Cambodia]], [[Vietnam]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 13.
|[[Mackenzie River|Mackenzie]]–[[Slave River|Slave]]–[[Peace River (Canada)|Peace]]–[[Finlay River|Finlay]]
|4,241
|2,637
|1,805,200&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|9,800&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Beaufort Sea]]
|Canada
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 14.
|[[Niger River|Niger]]
|4,200
|2,611
|2,117,700&lt;ref name=&quot;Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin&quot;&gt;{{cite book |url=https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1274en |title=Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin |year=2020 |doi=10.4060/cb1274en |isbn=978-92-5-133378-5|s2cid=242320135 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|8,570&lt;ref name=&quot;Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin&quot;&gt;{{cite book |url=https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1274en |title=Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin |year=2020 |doi=10.4060/cb1274en |isbn=978-92-5-133378-5|s2cid=242320135 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Gulf of Guinea]]
|[[Nigeria]] (26.6%), [[Mali]] (25.6%), [[Niger]] (23.6%), [[Algeria]] (7.6%), [[Guinea]] (4.5%), [[Cameroon]] (4.2%), [[Burkina Faso]] (3.9%), [[Côte d'Ivoire]], [[Benin]], [[Chad]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 15.
|[[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]]–[[Yarlung Tsangpo]]
|3,969
|2,466
|712,035
|27,000&lt;ref name=&quot;Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Water Resources Development|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07900627.2019.1579705|title=Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia|last1=Golam|first1=Rasul|last2=Nilhari|first2=Neupane|last3=Abid|first3= Hussain|last4=Binaya|first4=Pasakhala|volume=37|issue=3|doi=10.1080/07900627.2019.1579705|year=2019|pages=466–490 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;xinhua&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-08/22/c_131067137.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230065600/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-08/22/c_131067137.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=December 30, 2013 | title=Scientists pinpoint sources of four major international rivers | publisher=[[Xinhua News Agency]] | date=22 August 2011 | access-date=8 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;britannican&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Brahmaputra-River |title=Brahmaputra River |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=2017-04-11 |archive-date=2020-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426144608/https://www.britannica.com/place/Brahmaputra-River |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Ganges]]
|[[India]] (58.0%), China (28.8%), [[Bangladesh]] (6.6%), Disputed India/China (4.2%), [[Bhutan]] (2.4%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot;| 16.
|[[Murray River|Murray]]–[[Darling River|Darling]]–[[Culgoa River|Culgoa]]–[[Balonne River|Balonne]]–[[Condamine River|Condamine]]
|3,672&lt;ref name=geoaus&gt;{{cite web|title=Longest Rivers|date=15 May 2014|url=http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/geographic-information/landforms/longest-rivers|publisher=Geoscience Australia|access-date=9 February 2021|archive-date=5 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905170020/http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/geographic-information/landforms/longest-rivers|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2,282
|1,061,000
|767
|Southern Ocean
|Australia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 17.
|[[Tocantins River|Tocantins]]–[[Araguaia River|Araguaia]]
|3,650
|2,270
|950,000
|17,600&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Atlantic Ocean ([[Marajó Bay]]), [[Amazon Delta]]
|Brazil
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot;| 18.
|[[Volga]]
|3,645
|2,266
|1,380,000
|8,380&lt;ref name=&quot;THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=http://isi.irtces.org/isi/rootfiles/2017/07/04/1496391629451299-1498713525725099.pdf|title=THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT|last1=Valentin|first1=Golosov|last2=Vladimir|first2=Belayev|year=2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Caspian Sea]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 19.
|[[Shatt al-Arab]]–[[Euphrates]]–[[Murat River|Murat]]
|3,596
|2,236
|938,173&lt;ref name=&quot;General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=International Journal of Water|url=https://faculty.uobasrah.edu.iq/uploads/publications/1586448033.pdf|doi=10.1504/IJW.2019.106049|title=General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq|last1=Safaa|first1=Al-Asadi|last2=Abdulzahra|first2=Alhello|volume=13|pages=360–375|year=2019|issue=4 |bibcode=2019IJWat..13..360A }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|3,350&lt;ref name=&quot;General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=International Journal of Water|url=https://faculty.uobasrah.edu.iq/uploads/publications/1586448033.pdf|doi=10.1504/IJW.2019.106049|title=General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq|last1=Safaa|first1=Al-Asadi|last2=Abdulzahra|first2=Alhello|volume=13|pages=360–375|year=2019|issue=4 |bibcode=2019IJWat..13..360A }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Persian Gulf]]
|[[Iraq]], [[Turkey]], [[Syria]], [[Iran]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 20.
|[[Madeira River|Madeira]]–[[Mamoré River|Mamoré]]–[[Río Grande (Bolivia)|Grande]]–[[Caine River|Caine]]–[[Rocha River|Rocha]]
|3,380
|2,100
|1,485,200
|31,200&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Brazil, Bolivia, Peru
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 21.
|[[Purús River|Purús]]
|3,211
|1,995
|376,600&lt;ref name=&quot;PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%25C3%25B3stico-Progn%25C3%25B3stico-e-Cen%25C3%25A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III|date=Jan 2019|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|11,207&lt;ref name=&quot;PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%25C3%25B3stico-Progn%25C3%25B3stico-e-Cen%25C3%25A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III|date=Jan 2019|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Brazil, Peru
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 22.
|[[Yukon River|Yukon]]
|3,185
|1,980&lt;ref name=US&gt;{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/ofr87-242/|title=Largest Rivers in the United States|last=J.C. Kammerer|date=1 September 2005|publisher=US Geological Survey|access-date=25 January 2015|archive-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513200054/https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/ofr87-242/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|854,700&lt;ref name=&quot;DISTRIBUTION AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF JUVENILE SALMON AND OTHER FISHES IN THE YUKON DELTA&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://espis.boem.gov/final%20reports/86.pdf|title=DISTRIBUTION AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF JUVENILE SALMON AND OTHER FISHES IN THE YUKON DELTA|last1=Douglas|first1=J. Martin|last2=Clifford|first2=J. Whitmus|last3=Lon|first3=E. Hachmeister|year=1987}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|7,000&lt;ref name=&quot;DISTRIBUTION AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF JUVENILE SALMON AND OTHER FISHES IN THE YUKON DELTA&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://espis.boem.gov/final%20reports/86.pdf|title=DISTRIBUTION AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF JUVENILE SALMON AND OTHER FISHES IN THE YUKON DELTA|last1=Douglas|first1=J. Martin|last2=Clifford|first2=J. Whitmus|last3=Lon|first3=E. Hachmeister|year=1987}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Bering Sea]]
|United States (59.8%), Canada (40.2%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 23.
|[[Indus River|Indus]]–[[Sênggê Zangbo]]
|3,180
|1,976
|1,081,718&lt;ref name=&quot;researchgate.net&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312752687 |title=Critical Evaluation and Assessment of Average Annual Precipitation in The Indus, The Ganges and The Brahmaputra Basins, Northern India – Himalayan Cryospheric Observations and Modelling (HiCOM) |last1=Amir |first1=Khan |last2=Naresh |first2=Pant |last3=Anuj |first3=Goswami |last4=Ravish |first4=Lal |last5=Rajesh |first5=Joshi |date=Dec 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|5,533&lt;ref name=&quot;researchgate.net&quot;/&gt;
|[[Arabian Sea]]
|Pakistan (93%), India and China
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 24.
|[[São Francisco River|São Francisco]]
|3,180*&lt;br&gt;(2,900)
|1,976*&lt;br&gt;(1,802)
|610,000
|3,300
|Atlantic Ocean
|Brazil
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 25.
|[[Syr Darya]]–[[Naryn (river)|Naryn]]
|3,078
|1,913
|219,000
|703
|[[Aral Sea]]
|Kazakhstan, [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Tajikistan]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 26.
|[[Salween River|Salween]] &lt;small&gt;(Nu Jiang)&lt;/small&gt;
|3,060
|1,901
|324,000
|6,700&lt;ref name=&quot;Integrating Suspended Sediment Flux in Large Alluvial River Channels: Application of a Synoptic Rouse‐Based Model to the Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Baronas|first1=J. Jotautas|last2=Stevenson|first2=Emily I.|last3=Hackney|first3=Christopher R.|last4=Darby|first4=Stephen E.|last5=Bickle|first5=Michael J.|last6=Hilton|first6=Robert G.|last7=Larkin|first7=Christina S.|last8=Parsons|first8=Daniel R.|last9=Myo Khaing|first9=Aung|last10=Tipper|first10=Edward T.|title=Integrating Suspended Sediment Flux in Large Alluvial River Channels: Application of a Synoptic Rouse-Based Model to the Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface|volume=125|issue=9|year=2020|issn=2169-9003|doi=10.1029/2020JF005554|bibcode=2020JGRF..12505554B|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Changes in Indian Summer Monsoon Using Neodymium (Nd) Isotopes in the Andaman Sea During the Last 24,000 years&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://www.prl.res.in/~sunil/22__TripathiGR,%20SIngh%20SK%20Sr-Nd%20isotopes.pdf|title=Changes in Indian Summer Monsoon Using Neodymium (Nd) Isotopes in the Andaman Sea During the Last 24,000 years|last1=Harunur|first1=Rashid|last2=Alexandra|first2=T. Gourlan|last3=Brittany|first3=Marche
|last4=Kaylyn|first4=Sheppard|last5=Nabil|first5=Khélif|journal=Earth Systems and Environment |year=2019|volume=3 |issue=2 |page=105 |doi=10.1007/s41748-019-00105-0 |bibcode=2019ESE.....3..105R |s2cid=198422435 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Syvitski |first1=James P. M. |last2=Vörösmarty |first2=Charles J. |last3=Kettner |first3=Albert J. |last4=Green |first4=Pamela |year=2005 |title=Impact of Humans on the Flux of Terrestrial Sediment to the Global Coastal Ocean |url=http://instaar.colorado.edu/deltaforce/papers/global_sediment_flux.html |url-status=dead |journal=Science |volume=308 |issue=5720 |pages=376–80 |bibcode=2005Sci...308..376S |doi=10.1126/science.1109454 |pmid=15831750 |s2cid=11382265 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060919054444/http://instaar.colorado.edu/deltaforce/papers/global_sediment_flux.html |archive-date=2006-09-19 |access-date=2006-02-27|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Andaman Sea]]
|China (52.4%), Myanmar (43.9%), Thailand (3.7%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 27.
|[[Saint Lawrence River|Saint Lawrence]]–[[Niagara River|Niagara]]–[[Detroit River|Detroit]]–[[St. Clair River|Saint Clair]]–[[St. Marys River (Michigan–Ontario)|Saint Marys]]–[[Saint Louis River (Lake Superior tributary)|Saint Louis]]–[[North River (Minnesota)|North]] &lt;small&gt;([[Great Lakes]])&lt;/small&gt;
|3,058
|1,900&lt;ref name=US/&gt;
|1,030,000
|12,500&lt;ref name=&quot;Physical oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during 2023&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.938387/publication.html?wbdisable=true|title=Physical oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during 2023|date=July 2002 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Gulf of Saint Lawrence]]
|Canada (52.1%), United States (47.9%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 28.
|[[Rio Grande]]
|3,057
|1,900&lt;ref name=US/&gt;
|570,000
|82
|Gulf of Mexico
|United States (52.1%), [[Mexico]] (47.9%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 29.
|[[Lower Tunguska]]
|2,989
|1,857
|473,000
|3,600
|Yenisei
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 30.
|[[Colorado River|Colorado]]-[[Green River (Colorado River)|Green]] (western U.S.)
|2,945
|1,830&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-06 |title=The Mighty Colorado River – Once Known as Merely Grand |url=https://legisource.net/2021/05/06/the-mighty-colorado-river-once-known-as-merely-grand/ |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=Colorado LegiSource |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|390,000
|1,200
|[[Gulf of California]]
|United States, Mexico
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot;| 31.
|[[Danube]]–[[Breg (river)|Breg]] &lt;small&gt;(Donau, Dunăre, Duna, Dunav, Dunaj)&lt;/small&gt;
|2,888*
|1,795*
|801,463&lt;ref name=&quot;THE DANUBE RIVER AND ITS DELTA, HYDROGEOGRAPHYC CHARACTERISTICS-ACTUAL SYNTHESIS&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.limnology.ro/wrw2023/proceedings.html|title=THE DANUBE RIVER AND ITS DELTA, HYDROGEOGRAPHYC CHARACTERISTICS-ACTUAL SYNTHESIS}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|6,452&lt;ref name=&quot;THE DANUBE RIVER AND ITS DELTA, HYDROGEOGRAPHYC CHARACTERISTICS-ACTUAL SYNTHESIS&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.limnology.ro/wrw2023/proceedings.html|title=THE DANUBE RIVER AND ITS DELTA, HYDROGEOGRAPHYC CHARACTERISTICS-ACTUAL SYNTHESIS}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Black Sea]]
|[[Romania]] (28.9%), Hungary (11.7%), Austria (10.3%), [[Serbia]] (10.3%), Germany (7.5%), [[Slovakia]] (5.8%), [[Bulgaria]] (5.2%), [[Croatia]] (4.5%), [[Ukraine]] (3.8%), [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Moldova]], [[Montenegro]], [[Czech Republic]], [[Switzerland]], [[Slovenia]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2009|title=The Danube river bassin, facts and figures|url=https://www.icpdr.org/sites/default/files/nodes/documents/icpdr_facts_figures.pdf|access-date=2024-12-21 |website= icpdr.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 32.
|[[Irrawaddy River]]–[[N'Mai River]]–[[Dulong River]]–[[Kelaoluo]]–[[Gada Qu]]
|2,809*
|1,745.8*
|404,200*
|15,112&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/myanmar/index.stm|title=Water Resources of Myanmar|publisher=AQUASTAT|access-date=2010-09-21|quote=Adding the sections gives Irrawaddy a discharge of 476.9 cubic kilometers per year, which translates to 15,112 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727110424/http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/myanmar/index.stm|archive-date=2010-07-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Andaman Sea]]
|[[China]], [[Myanmar]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 33.
|[[Zambezi]] &lt;small&gt;(Zambesi)&lt;/small&gt;
|2,740*
|1,703*
|1,330,000
|4,880
|[[Mozambique Channel]]
|[[Zambia]] (41.6%), [[Angola]] (18.4%), [[Zimbabwe]] (15.6%), [[Mozambique]] (11.8%), [[Malawi]] (8.0%), [[Tanzania]] (2.0%), [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 34.
|[[Vilyuy]]
|2,720
|1,700
|454,000
|1,480
|[[Lena (river)|Lena]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 35.
|[[Padma River|Padma]]-[[Ganges River|Ganges]]-[[Alaknanda River|Alaknanda]] &lt;small&gt;(Ganga)&lt;/small&gt;
|2,704&lt;ref name=&quot;Parua2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Parua|first=Pranab Kumar|title=The Ganga: water use in the Indian subcontinent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yUc7Cus2a-MC&amp;pg=PA272|access-date=17 May 2011|date=3 January 2010|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-90-481-3102-0|page=272}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,690
|1,024,000
|16,000&lt;ref name=&quot;Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Water Resources Development|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07900627.2019.1579705|title=Beyond hydropower: towards an integrated solution for water, energy and food security in South Asia|last1=Golam|first1=Rasul|last2=Nilhari|first2=Neupane|last3=Abid|first3= Hussain|last4=Binaya|first4=Pasakhala|volume=37|issue=3|doi=10.1080/07900627.2019.1579705|year=2019|pages=466–490 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P2846800.html |title=Ganges–Farakka&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt; |access-date=2007-03-27 |archive-date=2018-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310201247/http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P2846800.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Bay of Bengal]]
|India, Bangladesh, China, Nepal
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 36.
|[[Amu Darya]]–[[Panj (river)|Panj]]
|2,620
|1,628
|534,739
|1,400
|[[Aral Sea]]
|[[Uzbekistan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Afghanistan]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 37.
|[[Japurá River|Japurá]] &lt;small&gt;(Caquetá)&lt;/small&gt;
|2,615*
|1,625*
|289,000&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18,122&lt;ref name=&quot;PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%25C3%25B3stico-Progn%25C3%25B3stico-e-Cen%25C3%25A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III|date=Jan 2019|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Brazil, Colombia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 38.
|[[Nelson River|Nelson]]–[[Saskatchewan River|Saskatchewan]]–[[South Saskatchewan River|South Saskatchewan]]–[[Bow River|Bow]]
|2,570
|1,597
|1,111,890&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|3,500&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Hudson Bay]]
|Canada, United States
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 39.
|[[River Paraguay|Paraguay]] &lt;small&gt;(Rio Paraguay)&lt;/small&gt;
|2,549
|1,584
|900,000
|4,300
|[[Paraná River|Paraná]]
|Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, Argentina
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 40.
|[[Kolyma (river)|Kolyma]]
|2,513
|1,562
|647,000&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|4,100&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[East Siberian Sea]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 41.
|[[Pilcomayo River|Pilcomayo]]
|2,500
|1,553
|270,000
|200
|[[Paraguay River|Paraguay]]
|[[Paraguay]], Argentina, Bolivia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 42.
|Upper [[Ob (river)|Ob]]–[[Katun (river)|Katun]]
|2,490
|1,547
|1,040,000
|
|[[Ob (river)|Ob]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 43.
|[[Ishim (river)|Ishim]]
|2,450
|1,522
|177,000
|56
|[[Irtysh]]
|Kazakhstan, Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 44.
|[[Orange River|Orange]]
|2,432
|1,511
|973,000
|365
|Atlantic Ocean
|[[South Africa]], [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], [[Lesotho]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 45.
|[[Ural (river)|Ural]]
|2,428
|1,509
|237,000
|475
|[[Caspian Sea]]
|Russia, Kazakhstan
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 46.
|[[Juruá]]
|2,410
|1,499
|190,573&lt;ref name=&quot;PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%25C3%25B3stico-Progn%25C3%25B3stico-e-Cen%25C3%25A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III|date=Jan 2019|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|6,004&lt;ref name=&quot;PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%25C3%25B3stico-Progn%25C3%25B3stico-e-Cen%25C3%25A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III|date=Jan 2019|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Peru, Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 47.
|[[Arkansas River|Arkansas]]
|2,348
|1,459
|505,000&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(435,122)&lt;/small&gt;
|1,066
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 48.
|[[Songhua River|Songhua]]
|2,309&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Amur-Heilong River Basin Reader |date=2008 |publisher=Ecosystems Limited |isbn=978-988-17227-1-3 |editor-last=Simonov |editor-first=Eugene A. |location=Hong Kong |editor-last2=Dahmer |editor-first2=Thomas D.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,435
|557,180
|2,410
|[[Amur]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 49.
|[[Olenyok (river)|Olenyok]]
|2,292
|1,424
|219,000
|1,210
|[[Laptev Sea]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 50.
|[[Dnieper]]
|2,287
|1,421
|516,300
|1,670
|[[Black Sea]]
|[[Ukraine]], [[Belarus]], Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 51.
|[[Aldan (river)|Aldan]]
|2,273
|1,412
|729,000
|5,501
|[[Lena (river)|Lena]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 52.
|[[Ubangi River|Ubangi]]–[[Uele River|Uele]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last= Bossche |first= J.P. vanden |author2= G. M. Bernacsek |title= Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Volume 1 |year= 1990 |publisher= Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |isbn= 978-92-5-102983-1 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&amp;pg=PA338 |page= 338 |access-date= 2016-10-28 |archive-date= 2023-11-10 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231110080724/https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&amp;pg=PA338#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status= live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2,270
|1,410
|651,915&lt;ref name=&quot;Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin |journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Becker |first1=M. |last2=Papa |first2=F. |last3=Frappart |first3=F. |last4=Alsdorf |first4=D. |last5=Calmant |first5=S. |last6=da Silva |first6=J. Santos |last7=Prigent |first7=C. |last8=Seyler |first8=F. |title=Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin |journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation |date=April 2018 |volume=66 |pages=196–209 |doi=10.1016/j.jag.2017.11.015 |bibcode=2018IJAEO..66..196B |s2cid=6873734 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01671764 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|5,936&lt;ref name=&quot;Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin |journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Becker |first1=M. |last2=Papa |first2=F. |last3=Frappart |first3=F. |last4=Alsdorf |first4=D. |last5=Calmant |first5=S. |last6=da Silva |first6=J. Santos |last7=Prigent |first7=C. |last8=Seyler |first8=F. |title=Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin |journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation |date=April 2018 |volume=66 |pages=196–209 |doi=10.1016/j.jag.2017.11.015 |bibcode=2018IJAEO..66..196B |s2cid=6873734 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01671764 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Congo River|Congo]]
|[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Central African Republic]], [[Republic of Congo]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 53.
|[[Rio Negro (Amazon)|Negro]]
|2,250&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Ziesler |first1=R. |title=Las aguas continentales de América Latina: = The inland waters of Latin America |last2=Ardizzone |first2=G. D. |date=1979 |publisher=Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación |others=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-000780-9 |series=COPESCAL documentos técnicos |location=Roma}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,398
|720,114
|34,573&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Marinho |first1=Rogério Ribeiro |last2=Filziola |first2=Naziano Pantoja |last3=Martinez |first3=Jean-Michel |last4=Harmel |first4=Tristan |date=2022-01-13 |title=Suspended sediment transport estimation in Negro River (Amazon Basin) using MSI/Sentinel-2 data |url=https://rbgeomorfologia.org.br/rbg/article/view/2076 |journal=Revista Brasileira de Geomorfologia |language=pt |volume=23 |issue=1 |doi=10.20502/rbg.v23i1.2076 |issn=2236-5664|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 53.
|[[Columbia River|Columbia]]-[[Snake River|Snake]]
|2,250
|1,398&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Columbia River and Its Tributaries |url=https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/cvo/Historical/LewisClark/Maps/map_columbia_river_and_tributaries.shtml |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=USGS Volcanoes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|671,000
|7,500
|Pacific Ocean
|Canada (30%), United States (70%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 55.
|[[Tapajós]]-[[Teles Pires]]
|2,210
|1,290
|494,254
|13,540&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 56.
|[[Pearl River (China)|Pearl]]–[[Xi River|Xi]]-[[Xun River|Xun]]-[[Qian River|Qian]]-[[Hongshui River|Hongshui]]-[[Nanpan River|Nanpan]]
|2,200
|1,376
|437,000
|10,700&lt;ref name=&quot;Spatiotemporal Variation of Annual Runoff and Sediment Load in the Pearl River during 1953-2017&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Sustainability|title=Spatiotemporal Variation of Annual Runoff and Sediment Load in the Pearl River during 1953-2017|doi=10.3390/su11185007|volume=11|issue=18|last1=Huanyang|first1=Zhou|last2=Zhaoli|first2=Wag|last3=Xushu|first3=Wu|last4=Yuhong|first4=Chen|last5=Yixuan|first5=Zhong|last6=Zejun|first6=Li|last7=Jiachao|first7=Chen|last8=Jun|first8=Li|last9=Shenglian|first9=Guo|last10=Xiaohong|first10=Chen|date=2019|page=5007 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2019Sust...11.5007Z }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|South China Sea
|China (98.5%), [[Vietnam]] (1.5%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 57.
|[[Red River of the South|Red (USA)]]
|2,188
|1,360
|78,592
|875
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 58.
|[[Kasai River|Kasai]]
|2,153
|1,338
|880,200
|10,000
|[[Congo River|Congo]]
|[[Angola]], Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 59.
|[[Ohio River|Ohio]]–[[Allegheny River|Allegheny]]
|2,102
|1,306
|490,603
|7,957
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 60.
|[[Orinoco]]
|2,101
|1,306
|1,014,797&lt;ref name=&quot;XXI. PECES DEL FONDO DEL RÍO ORINOCO Y AFLUENTES PRINCIPALES (COLOMBIA-VENEZUELA): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370581100|title=XXI. PECES DEL FONDO DEL RÍO ORINOCO Y AFLUENTES PRINCIPALES (COLOMBIA-VENEZUELA): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos|last1=Carlos Andrés|first1=Lasso Alcalá|last2=Mónica Andrea|first2=Morales Betancourt|isbn=978-958-5183-65-0|doi=10.21068/eh9789585183629|year=2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|39,000&lt;ref name=&quot;XXI. PECES DEL FONDO DEL RÍO ORINOCO Y AFLUENTES PRINCIPALES (COLOMBIA-VENEZUELA): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370581100|title=XXI. PECES DEL FONDO DEL RÍO ORINOCO Y AFLUENTES PRINCIPALES (COLOMBIA-VENEZUELA): diversidad y aspectos bioecológicos|last1=Carlos Andrés|first1=Lasso Alcalá|last2=Mónica Andrea|first2=Morales Betancourt|isbn=978-958-5183-65-0|doi=10.21068/eh9789585183629|year=2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;La geografía del agua&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://bibliofep.fundacionempresaspolar.org/media/1378189/agua_ti_cap03.pdf|title=La geografía del agua|last1=José Rafael|first1=Córdova|last2=Marcelo González|first2=Sanabria}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Atlantic Ocean
|Venezuela, Colombia, Guyana
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 61.
|[[Tarim River|Tarim]]
|2,100
|1,305
|1,020,000
|
|[[Lop Nur]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 61.
|[[Xingu River|Xingu]]
|2,100
|1,305
|520,292
|10,023
|Amazon
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 63.
|[[Jubba River|Jubba]]–[[Shebelle River|Shebelle]]
|2,064&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Lehner |first1=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2008EO100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |language=en |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008EO100001 |bibcode=2008EOSTr..89...93L |issn=0096-3941|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,282
|749,000
|
|[[Indian Ocean]]
|[[Ethiopia]], [[Somalia]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 64.
|[[Brazos River|Brazos]]-[[Double Mountain Fork Brazos River|Double Mountain Fork]]-[[North Fork Double Mountain Fork Brazos River|North Fork]]-[[Blackwater Draw]]
|2,060
|1,280&lt;ref name=&quot;US&quot; /&gt;
|116,000
|237.5
|Gulf of Mexico
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 65.
|Northern [[Salado River, Argentina|Salado]]
|2,010
|1,249
|203,000
|
|[[Paraná River|Paraná]]
|Argentina
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 66.
|[[Içá River|Içá]] &lt;small&gt;(Putumayo)&lt;/small&gt;
|2,005
|1,246
|120,545&lt;ref name=&quot;PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%25C3%25B3stico-Progn%25C3%25B3stico-e-Cen%25C3%25A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III|date=Jan 2019|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|8,520&lt;ref name=&quot;PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%25C3%25B3stico-Progn%25C3%25B3stico-e-Cen%25C3%25A1rios-volume-II.pdf|title=PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III|date=Jan 2019|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021650/http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Produto-II-Diagn%C3%B3stico-Progn%C3%B3stico-e-Cen%C3%A1rios-volume-II.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=HYDROLOGIE DU BASSIN AMAZONIEN|year=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 67.
|[[Vitim (river)|Vitim]]
|1,978
|1,229
|225,000
|1,937
|[[Lena (river)|Lena]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 68.
|[[Chenab River|Chenab]]
|1,974
|675
|160,000
|977.3
|[[Indus River|Indus]]
|India, Pakistan
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 69.
|[[Tigris]]
|1,950
|1,212
|375,000
|1,014
|[[Shatt al-Arab]]
|Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Iran
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 70.
|[[Don (river)|Don]]
|1,870
|1,162
|425,600
|935
|[[Sea of Azov]]
|Russia, Ukraine
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 71.
|[[Stony Tunguska]]
|1,865
|1,159
|240,000
|1,750
|[[Yenisey]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 72.
|[[Pechora (river)|Pechora]]
|1,809
|1,124
|312,041&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|4,823&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|[[Barents Sea]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 73.
|[[Kama (river)|Kama]]
|1,805
|1,122
|507,000
|4,100&lt;ref name=&quot;THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=http://isi.irtces.org/isi/rootfiles/2017/07/04/1496391629451299-1498713525725099.pdf|title=THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT|last1=Valentin|first1=Golosov|last2=Vladimir|first2=Belayev|year=2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Volga]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 74.
|[[Limpopo River|Limpopo]]
|1,800
|1,118
|413,000
|313.4
|[[Indian Ocean]]
|[[Mozambique]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[South Africa]], [[Botswana]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 75.
|[[Chulym (Ob)|Chulym]]
|1,799
|1,118
|134,000
|
|[[Ob (river)|Ob]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 76.
|[[Guaviare River|Guaviare]]
|1,760
|1,090
|151,607
|7,529&lt;ref name=&quot;La geografía del agua&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://bibliofep.fundacionempresaspolar.org/media/1378189/agua_ti_cap03.pdf|title=La geografía del agua|last1=José Rafael|first1=Córdova|last2=Marcelo González|first2=Sanabria}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Orinoco]]
|Colombia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 77
|[[Marañón River (Peru)|Marañón]]
|1,737
|1,079
|364,873
|16,708
|Amazon
|Peru
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 78.
|[[Indigirka]]
|1,726
|1,072
|360,400
|1,810
|[[East Siberian Sea]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 79.
|[[Platte River|Platte]]
|1,690
|1,050
|219,900
|199.3
|[[Missouri River|Missouri]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 80.
|[[Senegal River|Senegal]]
|1,641
|1,020
|419,659
|680
|Atlantic Ocean
|[[Guinea]], [[Senegal]], [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 81.
|[[Khatanga (river)|Khatanga]]–[[Kotuy]]
|1,636
|1,017
|364,000&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|3,200&lt;ref name=&quot;Recent changes to Arctic river discharge&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1|last1=Dongmei|first1=Feng|last2=Colin|first2=J. Gleason|last3=Peirong|first3=Lin|last4=Xiao|first4=Yang|last5=Ming|first5=Pan|last6=Yuta|first6=Ishitsuka|title=Recent changes to Arctic river discharge|date=2021|volume=12|number=6917|page=6917 |pmid=34824255 |pmc=8617260 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6917F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Laptev Sea]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 82.
|Upper [[Jubba River|Jubba]]-[[Ganale Doria River|Ganale Dorya]]
|1,634&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|1,015
|214,441&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|316&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|Jubba River
|Ethiopia (69%), Somalia (27%), Kenya (5%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 83.
|[[Uruguay River|Uruguay]]
|1,610
|1,000
|353,451&lt;ref name=&quot;Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://iwlearn.net/resolveuid/92c8003b-1b64-424e-b251-602185ffa061|title=Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|7,058&lt;ref name=&quot;Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://iwlearn.net/resolveuid/92c8003b-1b64-424e-b251-602185ffa061|title=Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the La Plata Basin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Uruguay River|url=https://www.saltogrande.org/rio_uruguay.php|publisher=Comisión Técnica Mixta de Salto Grande|access-date=9 August 2023|archive-date=8 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608184514/https://saltogrande.org/rio_uruguay.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Atlantic Ocean
|[[Uruguay]], Argentina, Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 84.
|[[Churchill River (Hudson Bay)|Churchill]]
|1,609
|1,000
|281,300
|1,200
|[[Hudson Bay]]
|Canada
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 85.
|[[Blue Nile]]
|1,600
|994
|326,400
|1,548
|[[Nile]]
|[[Ethiopia]], [[Sudan]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 85.
|[[Okavango River|Okavango]] &lt;small&gt;(Cubango)&lt;/small&gt;
|1,600
|994
|530,000
|475
|[[Okavango Delta]]
|[[Namibia]], [[Angola]], [[Botswana]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 85.
|[[Volta River|Volta]]
|1,600
|994
|407,093
|1,210
|[[Gulf of Guinea]]
|[[Ghana]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Togo]], [[Côte d'Ivoire]], [[Benin]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 88.
|[[Beni River|Beni]]
|1,599
|994
|283,350
|8,900
|[[Madeira River|Madeira]]
|Bolivia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 89.
|[[Shilka (river)|Shilka]]-[[Onon (river)|Onon]]
|1,592
|989
|206,000
|440
|Amur
|Russia (86%), Mongolia (14%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 90.
|[[Tobol]]
|1,591
|989
|426,000
|805
|[[Irtysh]]
|Kazakhstan, Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 91.
|[[Alazeya]]
|1,590
|988
|64,700
|320
|[[East Siberian Sea]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 92.
|[[Kafue River|Kafue]]
|1,576
|979
|155,000
|320
|[[Zambezi]]
|Zambia (99.6%), Democratic Republic of the Congo (0.4%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 93.
|[[Yalong River|Yalong]]
|1,571
|976
|128,444
|1,810
|[[Yangtze]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 94.
|[[Magdalena River|Magdalena]]
|1,550
|963
|263,858
|8,058&lt;ref name=&quot;ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2022&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://www.andi.com.co/Uploads/ENA%202022_compressed.pdf|title=ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2022|isbn=978-958-5489-12-7|year=2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Caribbean Sea]]
|Colombia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 95.
|[[Han River (Hanshui)|Han]]
|1,532
|952
|174,300
|1,632
|[[Yangtze]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 96.
|[[Kura (South Caucasus river)|Kura/Mt'k'vari]]
|1,515
|941
|188,400
|575
|[[Caspian Sea]]
|Turkey, [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Azerbaijan]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 97.
|[[Oka (river)|Oka]]
|1,500
|932
|245,000
|1,310&lt;ref name=&quot;THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=http://isi.irtces.org/isi/rootfiles/2017/07/04/1496391629451299-1498713525725099.pdf|title=THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN REPORT|last1=Valentin|first1=Golosov|last2=Vladimir|first2=Belayev|year=2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Volga]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot; | 97.
|Upper [[Murray River|Murray]]
|1,500&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Longest Rivers|date=24 November 2015|url=https://www.mdba.gov.au/discover-basin/catchments/lower-murray|publisher=Murray Darling Basin Authority|access-date=4 February 2019|archive-date=7 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207073839/https://www.mdba.gov.au/discover-basin/catchments/lower-murray|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|932
|260,000
|
|Lower [[Murray River|Murray]]
|Australia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 99.
|[[Yana (river)|Yana]]-[[Sartang (river)|Sartang]]
|1,492
|927
|238,000
|1,110
|Laptev Sea
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 100.
|[[Pecos River|Pecos]]
|1,490
|926
|115,000
|7.5
|[[Rio Grande]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot; | 101.
|[[Murrumbidgee River]]
|1,485 &lt;ref name=&quot;geoaus&quot; /&gt;
|923
|84,917
|120
|[[Murray River]]
|Australia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 102.
|Upper [[Yenisey]]–[[Little Yenisey|Little Yenisey (Kaa-Hem)]]
|1,480
|920
|360,000
|
|[[Yenisey]]
|Russia, Mongolia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 103.
|[[Godavari River|Godavari]]
|1,465
|910
|312,812
|3,061
|[[Bay of Bengal]]
|India
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 104.
|[[Sangha River|Sangha]]-[[Dja River|Ngoko-Dja]]
|1,459
|907
|233,740
|
|Congo
|Cameroon (45%), Republic of Congo (31%), Central African Republic (25%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 105.
|[[Vaal River|Vaal]]
|1,458
|906
|196,438
|125
|[[Orange River|Orange]]
|[[South Africa]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 106.
|[[Sutlej]]
|1,450
|900
|395,000
|2,946.66
|[[Chenab River|Chenab]]
|China, India, Pakistan
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 107.
|[[Ili (river)|Ili]] &lt;small&gt;(Yili)&lt;/small&gt;
|1,439
|870
|140,000
|480
|[[Lake Balkhash]]
|China, Kazakhstan
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 108.
|[[Olyokma]]
|1,436
|892
|210,000
|2,110
|[[Lena (river)|Lena]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 109.
|Upper [[Columbia River|Columbia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=USGS Water Resources: About USGS Water Resources |url=https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/huc_name.html |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=water.usgs.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,430
|889&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|292,316&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|3,364&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=USGS Gage #12472800 on the Columbia River below Priest Rapids Dam, WA (Water-Data Report 2013) |url=https://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2013/pdfs/12472800.2013.pdf |access-date=December 15, 2023 |website=National Water Information System |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Columbia River|Columbia]]
|United States, Canada
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 110.
|Upper [[Tocantins River|Tocantins]]
|1,427
|887
|310,000
|
|[[Tocantins River|Tocantins]]
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 111.
|[[Belaya (Kama)|Belaya]]
|1,420
|882
|142,000
|858
|[[Kama (river)|Kama]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot; | 111.
|[[Cooper Creek|Cooper]]–[[Barcoo River|Barcoo]]
|1,420
|880
|297,950&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian Natural Resources Atlas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003024130/http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-10-03|title=Australian Natural Resources Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|36&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian Natural Resources Atlas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003024130/http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-10-03|title=Australian Natural Resources Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Lake Eyre]]
|Australia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 113.
|[[Dniester]]
|1,411 (1,352)
|877 (840)
|72,100
|310
|[[Black Sea]]
|[[Ukraine]], [[Moldova]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 114.
|[[Taz (river)|Taz]]
|1,401
|871
|150,000
|1,450
|[[Taz Estuary]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 115.
|[[Benue River|Benue]]
|1,400
|870
|319,000
|3,477
|[[Niger River|Niger]]
|[[Cameroon]], [[Nigeria]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 115.
|[[Chari River|Chari]]
|1,400&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Chari River |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Chari-River |url-status=live |access-date=25 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521034537/https://www.britannica.com/place/Chari-River |archive-date=21 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|870
|548,747
|1,059
|[[Lake Chad]]
|[[Chad]], [[Cameroon]], [[Niger]], [[Nigeria]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 115.
|[[Parnaíba River|Parnaíba]]
|1,400
|870
|344,112
|
|Atlantic Ocean
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot; | 115.
|[[Warburton Creek|Warburton]]–[[Georgina River|Georgina]]
|1,400
|870
|408,005&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian Natural Resources Atlas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003024130/http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-10-03|title=Australian Natural Resources Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|60&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian Natural Resources Atlas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003024130/http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-10-03|title=Australian Natural Resources Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Lake Eyre]]
|Australia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 119.
|[[Colorado River (Texas)|Colorado]] (Texas)
|1,387
|862
|103,000 
|73.9
|Gulf of Mexico
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 120.
|[[Yamuna]]
|1,376
|855
|366,223
|2,950
|[[Ganges]]
|India
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 121.
|[[Apaporis River|Apaporis]]
|1,370
|851
|57,430.6
|4,092&lt;ref name=&quot;ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2010 (IDEAM) - Agua Superficial - Caracterización y análísis de la oferta&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=http://documentacion.ideam.gov.co/openbiblio/bvirtual/021888/CAP3.pdf|title=ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2010 (IDEAM) - Agua Superficial - Caracterización y análísis de la oferta|last1=Félix Dario|first1=Sánchez|last2=Martha|first2=García|last3=Omar|first3=Jaramillo|last4=Nelsy|first4=Verdugo|year=2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Japurá River|Japurá]]
|Colombia (93%), Brazil (7%),
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 121.
|[[Nen River|Nen]] &lt;small&gt;(Nonni)&lt;/small&gt;
|1,370
|851
|270,000
|
|[[Songhua River|Songhua]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 121.
|[[Vyatka (river)|Vyatka]]
|1,370
|851
|129,000
|890
|[[Kama (river)|Kama]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 124.
|[[Fraser River|Fraser]]
|1,368
|850
|220,000
|3,475
|Pacific Ocean
|Canada, United States&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Chilliwack River Valley: An Outdoor Enthusiast's Paradise |url=https://www.campingrvbc.com/blog/the-chilliwack-river-valley-an-outdoor-enthusiasts-paradise/ |website=Camping &amp; RVing BC |publisher=Camping and RVing British Columbia Coalition |access-date=27 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311125716/https://www.campingrvbc.com/blog/the-chilliwack-river-valley-an-outdoor-enthusiasts-paradise/ |archive-date=11 March 2016 |language=en |date=10 October 2017 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 125.
|[[Rio Grande (Paraná River)|Grande]]
|1,360
|845
|143,000
|
|[[Paraná River|Paraná]]
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 126.
|[[Kızıl River]]
|1,355
|734
|115,000
|400
|[[Black Sea]]
|Turkey
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 127.
|[[Madre de Dios River|Madre de Dios]]
|1,347
|837
|125,000
|4,915
|[[Beni River|Beni]]
|Peru, Bolivia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 128.
|[[Liao River|Liao]]-[[Xiliao River|Xiliao]]-Laoha
|1,345
|836
|232,000
|500
|[[Bohai Sea]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot; | 129.
|[[Lachlan River]]
|1,339 &lt;ref name=&quot;geoaus&quot; /&gt;
|832
|84,700
|49
|[[Murrumbidgee River]]
|Australia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 130.
|[[Narmada River|Narmada]]
|1,333 &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title= Narmada Basin |publisher= India WRIS |url= https://indiawris.gov.in/downloads/Narmada%20Basin.pdf |access-date= 29 November 2021 |archive-date= 29 November 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211129154850/https://indiawris.gov.in/downloads/Narmada%20Basin.pdf |url-status= live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|828
|98,796
|1,447
|[[Arabian Sea]]
|India
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 131.
|[[Hai River|Hai]]
|1,329
|826
|318,200
|717
|[[Bohai Sea]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 132.
|[[Branco River|Branco]]-[[Uraricoera River|Uraricoera]]
|1,326
|824
|192,393
|6,469
|[[Rio Negro (Amazon)|Rio Negro]]
|Brazil (96%), Guyana (7%), Venezuela (1%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 133.
|[[Iguassu River|Iguaçu]]
|1,320
|820
|67,537
|1,746
|[[Paraná River|Paraná]]
|Brazil, Argentina
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 134.
|[[Taseyeva]]-[[Chuna (river)|Chuna]]
|1,319
|820
|128,000
|740
|[[Angara]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 135.
|[[Javary River|Javari]]
|1,309
|814
|109,680&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivers Network-Amazon&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&amp;id=43&amp;catid=191&amp;Itemid=179|title=Rivers Network-Amazon|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|5,225&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivers Network-Amazon&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&amp;id=43&amp;catid=191&amp;Itemid=179|title=Rivers Network-Amazon|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Amazon
|Brazil (78%), Peru (22%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 136.
|[[Northern Dvina]]–[[Sukhona]]
|1,302
|809
|350,496&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|3,416&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|[[White Sea]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 137.
|[[Inírida River|Inírida]]
|1,300
|808
|53,816.9
|3,385&lt;ref name=&quot;ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2010 (IDEAM) - Agua Superficial - Caracterización y análísis de la oferta&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=http://documentacion.ideam.gov.co/openbiblio/bvirtual/021888/CAP3.pdf|title=ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2010 (IDEAM) - Agua Superficial - Caracterización y análísis de la oferta|last1=Félix Dario|first1=Sánchez|last2=Martha|first2=García|last3=Omar|first3=Jaramillo|last4=Nelsy|first4=Verdugo|year=2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Guaviare River|Guaviare]]
|Colombia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 137.
|[[Iriri River|Iriri]]
|1,300
|808
|141,943
|3,028
|[[Xingu River|Xingu]]
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 137.
|[[Neva]]-[[Vuoksi]]
|1,300
|808
|282,300
|2,628
|[[Gulf of Finland]]
|Russia, [[Finland]], Belarus
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 140.
|[[Ruki River|Ruki]]
|1,296
|805
|173,800
|4,450
|Congo
|Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 141.
|[[River Krishna|Krishna]]
|1,290
|800
|258,948
|2,213
|[[Bay of Bengal]]
|India
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 142.
|[[Lomami River|Lomami]]&lt;ref name=&quot;bossche&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last= Bossche |first= J.P. vanden |author2=G. M. Bernacsek |title= Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Volume 1 |year= 1990 |publisher= Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |isbn= 978-92-5-102983-1 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&amp;pg=PA333 |page= 333}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|1,280
|795
|110,000
|
|[[Congo River|Congo]]
|Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 143.
|[[Ottawa River|Ottawa]]
|1,271
|790
|146,300
|1,950
|[[Saint Lawrence River|Saint Lawrence]]
|Canada
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 144.
|[[Grande de Santiago River|Rio Grande de Santiago]]-[[Lerma River|Lerma]]
|1,270
|789
|119,543
|320
|Pacific Ocean
|Mexico
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 145.
|[[Guaporé River|Guaporé]] &lt;small&gt;(Itenez)&lt;/small&gt;
|1,260
|780
|341,000
|2,430
|[[Mamoré]]
|Brazil, Bolivia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 146.
|[[Red River of the North|Red (Canada)]]-[[Assiniboine River|Assiniboine]]-[[Souris River|Souris]]
|1,260
|780
|287,500
|244
|Lake Winnipeg
|Canada (56%), US (44%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 147.
|[[Elbe]]–[[Vltava]]
|1,252
|778
|148,268
|711
|[[North Sea]]
|Germany, [[Czech Republic]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 148.
|[[Zeya (river)|Zeya]]
|1,242
|772
|233,000
|1,810
|[[Amur]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 149.
|[[Juruena River|Juruena]]
|1,240
|771
|192,628
|4,936.7
|[[Tapajós]]
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 150.
|Upper [[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
|1,236
|768
|450,000
|4,800
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 151.
|[[Rhine]]
|1,233
|768
|185,000 &lt;ref&gt;If the Meuse is considered a tributary, the Rhine basin is 218,300&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;
|2,330
|[[North Sea]]
|Germany (57.3%), Switzerland (15.1%), Netherlands (12.3%), France (12.2%), [[Luxembourg]] (1.4%), Austria (1.3%), Belgium (0.4%), [[Liechtenstein]] (0.1%), Italy (0.03%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 152.
|[[Athabasca River|Athabasca]]
|1,231
|765
|95,300
|783
|[[Mackenzie River|Mackenzie]]
|Canada
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 153.
|[[Markha (Vilyuy)|Markha]]
|1,231
|765
|99,000
|405
|Vilyuy
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 154.
|[[Canadian River|Canadian]]
|1,223
|760
|123,220
|182.2
|[[Arkansas River|Arkansas]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 155.
|[[North Saskatchewan River|North Saskatchewan]]
|1,220
|758
|122,800
|238
|[[Saskatchewan River|Saskatchewan]]
|Canada
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 156.
|[[Kansas River|Kansas]]-[[Republican River|Republican]]
|1,218
|757
|155,690
|205
|Missouri
|US
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 157.
|[[Vistula]]–[[Narew]]-[[Bug (river)|Bug]]
|1,213
|754
|194,424
|1,080
|[[Baltic Sea]]
|Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Slovakia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 158.
|[[Awash River|Awash]]
|1,200&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&amp;view=doc&amp;id=184&amp;format=raw&amp;Itemid=466 &quot;Climate, 2008 National Statistics (Abstract)&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113215000/http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&amp;view=doc&amp;id=184&amp;format=raw&amp;Itemid=466|date=2010-11-13}}, Table A.1. Central Statistical Agency website (accessed 26 December 2009)&lt;/ref&gt;
|746
|69,197&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|152&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|[[Lake Abbe]]
|Ethiopia, Djibouti
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 158.
|[[Shire River|Shire]]
|1,200
|746
|160,000
|486
|[[Zambezi]]
|[[Mozambique]], [[Malawi]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 158.
|[[Ogooué River|Ogooué (or Ogowe)]]
|1,200
|746
|223,856
|5,890&lt;ref name=&quot;Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Hydrometeorology|doi=10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003&lt;0660:EOFDFC&gt;2.0.CO;2|url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/hydr/3/6/1525-7541_2002_003_0660_eofdfc_2_0_co_2.xml|last1=Aiguo|first1=Dai|last2=Kevin|first2=E. Trenberth|title=Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations|date=2002|volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=660–687|bibcode=2002JHyMe...3..660D }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Atlantic Ocean
|[[Gabon]], [[Republic of the Congo]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 161.
|[[Fimi River|Fimi]]-[[Lukenie River|Lukenie]]
|1,194
|742
|133,432
|
|Kasai
|Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 162.
|[[Mobile River|Mobile]]
|1,192
|741
|115,000
|1,900
|Gulf of Mexico
|US
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 163.
|[[Lukuga River|Lukuga]]
|1,184
|736
|244,500
|
|[[Lualaba River|Lualaba]]
|Tanzania (62%), Democratic Republic of the Congo (26%), Zambia (6%), Burundi (5%), Rwanda (2%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 164.
|[[Min River (Sichuan)|Min]]-[[Dadu River|Dadu]]
|1,182
|734
|133,000
|2,850
|Yangtze
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 165.
|[[Markha (Vilyuy)|Markha]]
|1,181
|734
|99,000
|405
|[[Vilyuy]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 166.
|[[Aripuanã River|Aripuanã]]
|1,175
|730
|147,224
|4,064
|Madeira
|Brazil
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 167.
|[[Milk River (Alberta–Montana)|Milk]]
|1,173
|729
|62,000
|17.5
|
[[Missouri River|Missouri]]
|United States, Canada
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 168.
|[[Mun River|Mun]] - [[Chi River|Chi]]
|1,162
|722
|119,180
|725
|[[Mekong|Mekong River]]
|[[Thailand]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 168.
|[[White River (Arkansas)|White]]
|{{convert|722|mi|disp=number}}
|722&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Rogers |first1=Aaron W. |title=White River - Encyclopedia of Arkansas |url=http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=2310 |website=www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net |access-date=27 October 2018 |archive-date=27 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027143308/http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=2310 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|71,910
|834.8
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 170.
|[[Chindwin River|Chindwin]]
|1,158
|720
|114,685
|4,740
|[[Ayeyarwady River|Ayeyarwady]]
|Myanmar
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 171.
|[[Sankuru River|Sankuru]]
|1,150
|715
|150,000
|
|[[Kasai River|Kasai]]
|Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 171.
|[[Wu River (Yangtze River tributary)|Wu]]
|1,150
|715
|80,300
|1,108
|[[Yangtze]]
|China
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 173.
|[[Red River (Asia)|Red (Asia)]]
|1,149
|714
|143,700
|4,300&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Krystian W. Pilarczyk |author-link=Krystian Pilarczyk |date=January 2003 |title=Bank erosion Mekong Delta and Red River |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294892187 |access-date=6 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Gulf of Tonkin]]
|China, Vietnam
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 174.
|[[James River (Dakotas)|James (Dakotas)]]
|1,143
|710
|54,240
|18.3
|[[Missouri River|Missouri]]
|United States
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 175.
|[[Kapuas River|Kapuas]]
|1,143
|710
|98,749
|6,012&lt;ref name=&quot;Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences|doi=10.1002/2016JG003701|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317140380|last1=Ting-Hsuan|first1=Huang|last2=Chen-Tung|first2=Arthur Chen|last3=Hsiao-Chun|first3=Tseng|last4=Jiann-Yuh|first4=Lou|last5=Shu Lun|first5=Wang|last6=Liyang|first6=Yang|last7=Selvaraj|first7=Kandasamy|last8=Xuelu|first8=Gao|last9=Jough-Tai|first9=Wang|last10=Edvin|first10=Aldrian|last11=G.S.|first11=Jacinto|last12=Gusti Z.|first12=Anshari|last13=Penjai|first13=Sompongchaiyakul|last14=B.J.|first14=Wang|title=Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS|date=May 2017|s2cid=135024272|volume=122|issue=5|pages =1239–1259 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[South China Sea]]
|[[Indonesia]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 176.
|[[Paraíba do Sul River|Paraíba do Sul]]
|1,137
|696
|56,000
|
|Atlantic Ocean
|Brazil
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 177.
|[[Yobe River|Yobe]]-[[Hadejia River|Hadejia]]
|1,135
|705
|183,009
|
|Lake Chad
|Nigeria (68%), Niger (32%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 178.
|[[Desna (river)|Desna]]
|1,130
|702
|88,900
|360
|[[Dnieper]]
|Russia, [[Belarus]], [[Ukraine]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 178.
|[[Helmand River|Helmand]]
|1,130
|702
|150,000
|
|[[Hamun-i-Helmand]]
|[[Afghanistan]], Iran
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 178.
|[[Tietê River|Tietê]]
|1,130
|702
|72,168
|937
|[[Paraná River|Paraná]]
|Brazil
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot;| 178.
|[[Vychegda]]
|1,130
|702
|121,000
|1160
|[[Northern Dvina]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 182.
|[[Sepik]]
|1,126
|700
|77,700&lt;ref name=&quot;Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/114888/2/b12297859.pdf|title=Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea|last=Ernst|first=Loffler|year=1977}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|5,000&lt;ref name=&quot;Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/114888/2/b12297859.pdf|title=Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea|last=Ernst|first=Loffler|year=1977}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Pacific Ocean
|[[Papua New Guinea]], [[Indonesia]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 182.
|[[Sobat River|Sobat]]-[[Pibor River|Pibor]]
|1,126
|700
|225,000
|412
|White Nile
|South Sudan (60%), Ethiopia (29%), Kenya (10%), Uganda (2%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 184.
|[[Orkhon River|Orkhon]]
|1,124
|698
|132,835
|66
|[[Selenga]]
|Mongolia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 185.
|[[Cimarron River (Arkansas River)|Cimarron]]
|1,123
|698
|49,100
|32.9
|[[Arkansas River|Arkansas]]
|United States
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 186.
|[[Anadyr (river)|Anadyr]]
|1,120
|696
|191,000
|2,020
|[[Gulf of Anadyr]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 187.
|[[Jialing River]]
|1,119
|695
|160,000
|
|[[Yangtze]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 188.
|[[Liard River|Liard]]
|1,115
|693
|277,100
|2,434
|[[Mackenzie River|Mackenzie]]
|Canada
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 189.
|[[Omolon]]
|1,114
|692
|113,000
|
|[[Kolyma (river)|Kolyma]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 190.
|[[Mamberamo River]]
|1,112
|691
|78,992
|5,923
|[[Pacific Ocean]]
|[[Indonesia]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot;| 191.
|[[Cumberland River|Cumberland]]
|1,105
|687
|46,830
|862
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]
|United States
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 192.
|[[Omo River|Omo]]
|1,104&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|686
|86,657
|915.5
|[[Lake Turkana]]
|Ethiopia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 193.
|[[Bani River|Bani]]
|1,100
|684
|146,570
|
|Niger
|Mali (80%), Ivory Coast (15%), Burkina Faso (5%), Guinea (0.1%)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot;| 193.
|[[Huallaga River|Huallaga]]
|1,100
|684
|90,000
|3,800
|[[Marañón River (Peru)|Marañón]]
|Peru
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 193.
|[[Kwango River|Kwango]]
|1,100
|684
|263,500
|2,700
|Kasai
|Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 193.
|[[Draa River|Draa]]
|1,100
|684
|95,000
|
|Atlantic Ocean
|[[Morocco]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 197.
|[[Gambia River|Gambia]]
|1,094
|680
|78,000
|
|Atlantic Ocean
|[[The Gambia]], [[Senegal]], [[Guinea]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 198.
|[[Tyung]]
|1,092
|679
|49,800
|
|[[Vilyuy]]
|Russia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 199.
|[[Barito River]]
|1,090
|680
|81,675
|5,497
|[[Java Sea]]
|[[Indonesia]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 200.
|[[Maya (Aldan)|Maya]]
|1,087
|675
|171,000
|1,180
|Aldan
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 201.
|[[Yellowstone River|Yellowstone]]
|1,080
|671
|114,260
|390
|[[Missouri River|Missouri]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 201.
|[[Ghaghara River|Ghaghara]]
|1,080
|671
|127,950
|2,990
|[[Ganges]]
|India, Nepal, China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 203.
|[[Huai River]]
|1,078
|670
|270,000
|1,110
|[[Yangtze]]
|China
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 204.
|[[Aras (river)|Aras]]
|1,072
|665
|102,000
|285
|[[Kura (South Caucasus river)|Kura]]
|Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 205.
|[[Chu (river)|Chu]]
|1,067
|663
|62,500
|
|none
|[[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Kazakhstan]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 205.
|[[Sanaga River|Sanaga-Djérem]]
|1,067
|663
|140,000
|2,072
|[[Bight of Biafra]]
|Cameroon, Nigeria, Central African Republic
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 207.
|[[Donets|Seversky Donets]]
|1,053 (1,078)
|654 (670)
|98,900
|159
|[[Don (river)|Don]]
|Russia, Ukraine
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 208.
|[[Bermejo River|Bermejo]]
|1,050
|652
|125,000
|
|[[Paraguay River|Paraguay]]
|Argentina, Bolivia
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot;| 208.
|[[Cunene River|Cunene]]
|1,050
|652
|108,943
|
|Atlantic Ocean
|Angola (85%), Namibia (15%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 208.
|[[Fly River|Fly]]
|1,050
|652
|75,800
|6,500
|[[Gulf of Papua]]
|[[Papua New Guinea]], [[Indonesia]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 208.
|[[Kuskokwim River|Kuskokwim]]
|1,050
|652
|120,000
|1,900
|[[Bering Sea]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 212.
|[[Tennessee River|Tennessee]]
|1,049
|652
|105,870
|1,998
|[[Ohio River|Ohio]]
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 213.
|[[Oder]]–[[Warta]]
|1,045
|649
|118,861
|550
|[[Baltic Sea]]
|Poland, Germany, Czech Republic
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 214.
|[[Apure River|Apure]]
|1,038
|645
|167,000
|2,300
|Orinoco
|Venezuela (99.8%), Colombia (0.2%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 215.
|[[Logone River|Logone]]
|1,033
|642
|78,000
|492
|[[Chari River|Chari]]
|Chad (53%), Cameroon (34%), Central African Republic (14%)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccccff;&quot; | 216.
|[[Aruwimi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;bossche&quot; /&gt;
|1,030
|640
|116,100
|2,200
|[[Congo River|Congo]]
|Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot; | 217.
|[[Chambal River|Chambal]]
|1,024
|636
|143,219
|456
|[[Yamuna River|Yamuna]]
|[[India]]
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffffaa;&quot;| 217.
|[[Pur (Russia)|Pur]]
|1,024
|636
|112,000
|
|Taz Estuary
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 219.
|[[Daugava]]
|1,020
|634
|87,900
|678
|[[Gulf of Riga]]
|[[Latvia]], [[Belarus]], Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 220.
|[[Gila River|Gila]]
|1,015
|631
|151,000
|7
|[[Colorado River|Colorado]] (western U.S.)
|United States
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffd39b;&quot; | 221.
|[[Essequibo River|Essequibo]]
|1,014
|630
|156,828&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tilman |first=Eric |title=Rivers Network - Atlantic North Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&amp;id=167&amp;catid=329&amp;Itemid=179#tab-4753 |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=Rivers Network |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|5,136&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
|Atlantic Ocean
|[[Guyana]], Venezuela
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 222.
|[[Loire]]
|1,012
|629
|115,271
|840
|Atlantic Ocean
|France
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 223.
|[[Khopyor]]
|1,010
|628
|61,100
|150
|[[Don (river)|Don]]
|Russia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ffc0cb;&quot; | 224.
|[[Tagus]] &lt;small&gt;(Tajo/Tejo)&lt;/small&gt;
|1,006
|625
|80,100
|444
|Atlantic Ocean
|Spain, Portugal
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccff66;&quot; | 225.
|[[Flinders River]]
|1,004 &lt;ref name=&quot;geoaus&quot; /&gt;
|624
|109,000
|122&lt;ref name=&quot;Australian Natural Resources Atlas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003024130/http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/overview/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-10-03|title=Australian Natural Resources Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Gulf of Carpentaria]]
|Australia
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 226.
|[[Koksoak River|Koksoak]]
|1,000
|621
|136,262&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|2,800
|Ungava Bay
|Canada
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ccffff;&quot; | 226.
|[[Usumacinta River|Usumacinta]]
|1,000
|621
|134,400
|
|Gulf of Mexico
|Mexico, Guatemala 
|}

[[File:Miss R dam 27.jpg|thumb|The Mississippi River just north of [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]]]]
[[File:DSCN4262 rmosesspstlawrence e.jpg|thumb|Saint Lawrence River along the New York-Quebec border]]
*

==Noosi mini Kundivihira ==
;Notes
{{Reflist|group=n}}
;References
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>11f6jnrze7yusee3j9aapoadrog5k0r</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>List of drainage basins by area</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33378</id>
    <revision>
      <id>140031</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-12T14:45:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>created article</comment>
      <origin>140031</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="865" sha1="88o9am9rz36h04gip8dygz4e2ipc4ym" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Ocean drainage.svg|thumb|350px|Major [[continental divide]]s, showing drainage into the major oceans and seas of the world--Drainage basins of the principal oceans and seas of the world. Grey areas are endorheic basins that do not drain to the ocean.]]

Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din deeri kom yuya (shɛba nyɛla ban booni li &quot;catchments&quot; bee North American ni mi li shɛm. Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla teekunima , mɔɣa, Lakenima n ti pahi kulibɔŋ shɛŋa din zaa pahi. Kulibɔŋ kam din galisim gari {{convert|400000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} nyɛla bɛ ni zaŋ shɛli pahi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ig.utexas.edu/research/projects/divide/poster/background1.gif|title=Background|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715185837/http://www.ig.utexas.edu/research/projects/divide/poster/background1.gif|archive-date=15 July 2007|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>88o9am9rz36h04gip8dygz4e2ipc4ym</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>140032</id>
      <parentid>140031</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-12T14:50:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Updated Content</comment>
      <origin>140032</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="75920" sha1="m5yzd95vu8fg2n8hv554f0j6gzbdl1e" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Ocean drainage.svg|thumb|350px|Major [[continental divide]]s, showing drainage into the major oceans and seas of the world--Drainage basins of the principal oceans and seas of the world. Grey areas are endorheic basins that do not drain to the ocean.]]

Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din deeri kom yuya (shɛba nyɛla ban booni li &quot;catchments&quot; bee North American ni mi li shɛm. Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla teekunima , mɔɣa, Lakenima n ti pahi kulibɔŋ shɛŋa din zaa pahi. Kulibɔŋ kam din galisim gari {{convert|400000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} nyɛla bɛ ni zaŋ shɛli pahi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ig.utexas.edu/research/projects/divide/poster/background1.gif|title=Background|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715185837/http://www.ig.utexas.edu/research/projects/divide/poster/background1.gif|archive-date=15 July 2007|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Basins==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;&quot; 
|- &quot;
! colspan=&quot;8&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [[Continent]] color key
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;|[[Africa]]
| style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;|[[Asia]]
| style=&quot;background:#fcf;&quot;|[[Eurasia|Asia/Europe]]
| style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;|[[Europe]]
| style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;|[[North America]]
| style=&quot;background:#7CFC00;&quot;|[[Australia_(continent)|Australia]]
| style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;|[[South America]]
| style=&quot;background:#d4d4d4;&quot;|[[Antarctica]]
|}
|}
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
! rowspan=2 style=&quot;width:18em;&quot;|Basin
! rowspan=2|Type
! rowspan=2|Continent
! rowspan=2|Drains to
! colspan=2|Basin area
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; rowspan=2| Notes
|-
! km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
! mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
|[[Atlantic Ocean]] || Ocean || Multiple || n/a || {{convert|69800000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||{{refn|group=Note|name=appx|This is an approximate value based on [[GIS|geospatial data]] from the [[USGS]].[https://edc.usgs.gov/products/elevation/gtopo30/hydro/] Approximate values for the area of Greenland and Antarctica were added to this data.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Atlantic&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Largest Drainage Basins In The World |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/largest-drainage-basins-in-the-world.html#:~:text=Largest%20Drainage%20Basins%20in%20the%20World%20%20,%20%2019%2C400%2C000%20%2011%20more%20rows%20 |website=WorldAtlas | date=17 May 2018 |access-date=11 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Arctic Ocean]]|| Ocean || Multiple || n/a || {{convert|23100000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Pacific Ocean]]|| Ocean || Multiple || n/a || {{convert|20300000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Atlantic&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Indian Ocean]]|| Ocean || Multiple || n/a || {{convert|19400000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Southern Ocean]] || Ocean || style=&quot;background:#d4d4d4;&quot;| [[Antarctica]] || n/a || {{convert|14000000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref group=&quot;Note&quot; name=&quot;ant&quot;&gt;The value listed here assumes that the entire continent drains to the ocean, such as through the many [[ice stream]]s, [[outlet glacier]]s, and seasonal [[glacial stream]]s along the coast. However, there are many small endorheic lakes, for example in the [[McMurdo Dry Valleys]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]-[[Black Sea]] system || [[Mediterranean seas|Mediterranean sea]]|| Multiple || Atlantic Ocean &lt;ref group=&quot;Note&quot; name=&quot;drain&quot;&gt;Note that the connection between a [[mediterranean sea (oceanography)|mediterranean sea]] (or a large [[estuary]]) and its parent ocean usually involves simultaneous inflow and outflow in the lower and upper water layers of the connecting channel. Depending on the salinity of the sea, the upper layer may either flow into or out from the ocean; the bottom layer will flow the opposite direction.&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{convert| 7770000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}&lt;!-- 5.34 + 2.43 = 7.77 millions--&gt; || &lt;ref name=CD&gt;{{cite journal | title=Hydrological cycle of the Mediterranean-Black Sea system | author=García-García, D. | journal=[[Climate Dynamics]] | year=2022 | volume=59 | issue=7–8 | pages=1919–1938 | doi=10.1007/s00382-022-06188-2 | bibcode=2022ClDy...59.1919G | s2cid=238770852 |quote=In the continents, the drainage basins discharging into the Mediterranean and Black seas are defined according to the global continental runoff pathways scheme (Oki and Sud 1998), and they cover 5.34 × 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; and 2.43 × 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively| doi-access=free | hdl=10045/121760 | hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Amazon Basin|Amazon River]]|| Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot; |[[South America]] || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|6200000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} 
| &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://netedu.xauat.edu.cn/jpkc/netedu/jpkc2009/szylyybh/content/wlzy/4/Watersheds%20of%20the%20World%202005.pdf|title=Watersheds of the World 2005 |publisher=Water Resources eAtlas|access-date=14 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Gulf of Mexico]] and [[Caribbean Sea]]|| Mediterranean sea || Multiple || Atlantic Ocean &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;drain&quot;/&gt; || {{convert|6200000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Mediterranean Sea]] || Mediterranean sea || Multiple || Atlantic Ocean &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;drain&quot;&gt;Note that the connection between a [[mediterranean sea (oceanography)|mediterranean sea]] (or a large [[estuary]]) and its parent ocean usually involves simultaneous inflow and outflow in the lower and upper water layers of the connecting channel. Depending on the salinity of the sea, the upper layer may either flow into or out from the ocean; the bottom layer will flow the opposite direction.&lt;/ref&gt; || {{convert|5880000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} 
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;7012534000000000000&quot; |2,060,000&lt;ref name=CD/&gt;
|-
|[[Hudson Bay drainage basin]] || Mediterranean sea || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|3861400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} 
||
|-
|[[Congo River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| [[Africa]] || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|3730881|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Caspian Sea]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#fcf;&quot;| Asia/Europe || n/a ([[endorheic basin]]) || {{convert|3626000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Nile|Nile River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Mediterranean Sea || {{convert|3254853|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi-Missouri River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| [[North America]] || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|3202185|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Bay of Bengal]] || Bay || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot; | [[Asia]] || Indian Ocean || {{convert|3200000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}||
|-
|[[Río de la Plata]] || Estuary || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|3170000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=Guerrero97&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Continental Shelf Research|volume=17|issue=7| date=June 1997 |pages=727–742|title=Physical oceanography of the Río de la Plata Estuary, Argentina|author=Raúl A. Guerrero|doi=10.1016/S0278-4343(96)00061-1|display-authors=etal|bibcode=1997CSR....17..727G}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Ob River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| [[Asia]] || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|2982493|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Paraná River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot; | South America || Río de la Plata || {{convert|2582704|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Yenisei River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|2554388|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Chad Basin]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|2497738|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Lena River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|2306743|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Black Sea]]|| Mediterranean sea || style=&quot;background:#fcf;&quot;| Asia/Europe || Mediterranean Sea &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;drain&quot;/&gt; || {{convert|2430000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=CD/&gt;
|-
|[[Niger River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|2261741|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Ganges]]–[[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot; | Asia || Bay of Bengal ||{{convert|1999000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} 
| &lt;ref name=&quot;Arnold2000&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Arnold|first=Guy|title=World strategic highways|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FarwCNdYdmoC&amp;pg=PA223|year=2000|publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis|isbn=978-1-57958-098-8|page=223}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Amur River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|1929955|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Mackenzie River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Beaufort Sea || {{convert|1805200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Rivers |work=The Atlas of Canada |publisher=Natural Resources Canada |url=http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/learningresources/facts/rivers.html |access-date=15 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202064028/http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/learningresources/facts/rivers.html |archive-date=2 February 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Yangtze River]] (Chang Jiang)  || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|1722193|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Baltic Sea]]|| Mediterranean sea || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| [[Europe]]  || Atlantic Ocean &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;drain&quot;/&gt; || {{convert|1700000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Irtysh River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Ob River || {{convert|1673470|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Aral Sea]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia ||  n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|1618750|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Madeira River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|1485218|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Volga River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| [[Europe]] || Caspian Sea || {{convert|1410951|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Persian Gulf]]|| Mediterranean sea || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia  || Indian Ocean &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;drain&quot;/&gt; || {{convert|1400000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[St. Lawrence River|St. Lawrence Estuary]] || Estuary || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Saint Lawrence || {{convert|1344200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Zambezi|Zambezi River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|1332574|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=zamb&gt;[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTAFRICA/Resources/Zambezi_MSIOA_-_Vol_1_-_Summary_Report.pdf The Zambezi River Basin], page 6.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Missouri River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Mississippi River || {{convert|1331810|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || 
|-
|[[Lake Eyre Basin]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#cf6;&quot;| [[Australia]] || n/a (endorheic basin) ||style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1,210,000
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;7012120000000000000&quot; |470,000|| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/water/environmental/rivers/leb.html |title=Map of the Lake Eyre basin |publisher=Environment.gov.au |date=18 February 2011 |access-date=10 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220091502/http://environment.gov.au/water/environmental/rivers/leb.html |archive-date=20 February 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Ganges River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot; | Asia || Bay of Bengal 
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;7012101612400000000&quot; |1,200,000
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|463,322
|&lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot; /&gt;
|-
|[[Paraguay River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Paraná River || {{convert|1095000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Indus River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arabian Sea || {{convert|1081718|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Nelson River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|1072300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;natl-atlas-canada&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title= Canada Drainage Basins |year= 1985 |work= [[Atlas of Canada|The National Atlas of Canada]], 5th edition |publisher= [[Natural Resources Canada]] |url= http://geogratis.gc.ca/api/en/nrcan-rncan/ess-sst/7b309ad9-9398-51d4-89d2-32b3871ec3ab.html |access-date= 24 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Murray-Darling basin]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cf6;&quot;| Australia || Southern Ocean || {{convert|1050116|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[St. Lawrence River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|1049636|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Angara River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yenisei River || {{convert|1039000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;feow&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/yenisei|title=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World|publisher=feow.org|access-date=15 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018122304/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/yenisei|archive-date=18 October 2018|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Lake Chad]] (New Conventional Basin) || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|1035000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;worldlakes&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.worldlakes.org/lakedetails.asp?lakeid=8357|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030926043012/http://www.worldlakes.org/lakedetails.asp?lakeid=8357|url-status=usurped|archive-date=26 September 2003|title=LakeNet - Lakes|publisher=worldlakes.org|access-date=15 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Lake Winnipeg]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Nelson River || {{convert|982900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;natl-atlas-canada&quot; /&gt;
|-
|[[Great Slave Lake]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Mackenzie River || {{convert|976200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Orinoco River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|953675|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Orange River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|941351|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Kasai River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|925172|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Shatt al-Arab]] ([[Tigris]], [[Euphrates]] &amp; [[Karun]]) || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Persian Gulf || {{convert|916200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/3954-tigris-euphrates-delta-and-coastal-watershed-map Tigris Euphrates basin area] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Tarim Basin]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|906500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/583570/Tarim-Basin |title=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Britannica.com |access-date=10 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;!--Watersheds of the World has 1,152,448 km2 --&gt;
|-
|[[North Sea]] || Mediterranean sea || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|850000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Yukon River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Bering Sea || {{convert|839200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Yellow River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|832238|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4371-huang-he-delta-watershed-map Huang He Delta watershed] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=Note|Estimates for the Yellow River basin range from ca. 752,000 km2 (Chinese, English, French, German etc. wikipedia articles, none sourced) to 944,970 km2.&lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;}}
|-
|[[Mekong River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|805604|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
||[[Jubba River|Jubba]]-[[Shebelle River|Shebelle]] basin || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|805100|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;somwe&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.somwe.com/hydropolitics.html|title=Hydropolitics in the Horn of Africa|publisher=somwe.com|access-date=15 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Great Lakes]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America  || St. Lawrence River || {{convert|800114|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Danube River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Black Sea || {{convert|795656|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Syr Darya]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Aral Sea || {{convert|782617|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Tocantins River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|764213|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Ubangi River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|754830|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Aldan River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Lena River || {{convert|729000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kalahari Basin]]/[[Okavango Basin]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|721258|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashton and Neal&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1= Ashton, Peter|author2=Neal, Marian|date=2003 |chapter=An Overview of Key Strategic Issues in the Okavango Basin|chapter-url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/doc/10.1.1.468.8632|title=Transboundary Rivers, Sovereignty and Development: Hydropolitical Drivers in the Okavango River Basin|isbn= 0-620-30497-9 |pages=31–63|publisher=African Water Issues Research Unit |citeseerx=10.1.1.468.8632 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Rio Negro (Amazon)|Rio Negro]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|720114|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kolyma River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|679934|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Columbia River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|671300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Brahmaputra River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Ganges River || {{convert|651335|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} 
|| &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Colorado River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of California || {{convert|637137|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Mamoré River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Madeira River || {{convert|630835|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} &lt;!-- including Guaporé basin--&gt; || &lt;ref name=madeira&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4298-rio-madeira-watersheds-map Madeira river basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Red Sea]]|| Mediterranean sea || [[Afro-Eurasia|Africa/Asia]] || Indian Ocean &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;drain&quot;/&gt; || {{convert|620000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[São Francisco River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|617812|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Slave River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Great Slave Lake || {{convert|616400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Rio Grande]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|607934|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Lake Baikal]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Angara River || {{convert|571000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Songhua River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Amur River || {{convert|554575|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/north-asia/item/4614-amur-river-basin-watersheds-map Amur river basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Chari River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Lake Chad || {{convert|548747|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Amu Darya]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Aral Sea || {{convert|534739|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Euphrates]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Shatt al-Arab || {{convert|532300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1586-middle-euphrates-watersheds-map Lower, Middle] and [http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4838-upper-euphrates-watersheds-map Upper Euphrates river basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Xingu River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|520292|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
| [[Bahr el Ghazal River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Nile || {{convert|520000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Lake Balkhash]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia ||  n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|512015|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Dnieper River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Black Sea || {{convert|511650|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4193-dnieper-river-watersheds-map Dnieper river : Watersheds map] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=Note|Estimates for the Dnieper basin range from 504,000 km2 (most wikipedia pages) to 533,966 km2&lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;}}
|-
|[[Kama River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Volga River || {{convert|507000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Jubba River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|497626|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}|| &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref group=Note&gt;Excluding the Shebelle tributary river basin.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Great Basin]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|492000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Boundary Descriptions and Names of Regions, Subregions, Accounting Units and Cataloging Units |url=https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/huc_name.html |publisher=USGS.gov |access-date=21 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref group=&quot;Note&quot;&gt;The [[Great Basin]] is a set of endorheic drainage basins, the largest being the {{convert|35910|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} basin that drains into the [[Great Salt Lake]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Ohio River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Mississippi River || {{convert|490603|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Nizhnyaya Tunguska River|Lower Tunguska River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yenisei river || {{convert|473000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Vilyuy River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Lena River || {{convert|454000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Pearl River (China)|Pearl River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|453700|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} &lt;!--some sites give 409,458 km2--&gt;||
|-
|[[Tapajós River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|453510|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=tapajos&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1791-tapajos-river-amazon-watershed-map Tapajos basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Selenga River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Lake Baikal || {{convert|445245|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Don River, Russia|Don River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Black Sea || {{convert|443729|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4185-don-river-watersheds-map Don River watershed] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=Note|Official estimates for the Don basin range from 422,000 km2&lt;ref&gt;[http://textual.ru/gvr/index.php?card=170050 Don River] at the State water register of the Russian Federation&lt;/ref&gt; to 458,694 km2.&lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;}}
|-
|[[Arkansas River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Mississippi River || {{convert|435122|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Tobol River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Irtysh River || {{convert|426000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Limpopo River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|421123|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Senegal River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|419575|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Irrawaddy River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indian Ocean || {{convert|413710|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Volta River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|407093|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Colorado River (Argentina)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|373863|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4468-colorado-watersheds-map Colorado watershed] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=Note|Estimates for the Colorado basin range from 294,076 km2&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=v5VHWWrK_SsC&amp;dq=Colorado+River+%28Argentina+basin+km&amp;pg=PA359 River Ecosystem Ecology: A Global Perspective], Gene E. Likens, Academic Press, 29 March 2010, page 359&lt;/ref&gt; to 403,005 km2.&lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;}}
|-
|[[Sistan Basin]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|370000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=sistan&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ir.undp.org/content/dam/iran/docs/News/2014/March%202014/Towards%20a%20solution%20for%20Iran's%20dying%20wetlands/Hamoun%20Wetland/Hamoun%20Wetland%20Baseline%20Situation%20Analysis%202005.pdf |title=Restoration and Sustainable Use of the Shared Sistan Basin |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |date=February 2005 |access-date=18 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;!--notice conflicting data in table 2, page 16 of the same paper--&gt;
|-
|[[Molopo River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Orange River || {{convert|367201|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Yamuna]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Ganges || {{convert|366223|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Uruguay River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Río de la Plata || {{convert|365000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||{{refn|group=Note|365,000 km2 is almost always quoted, though the area is only ca 351,000 km2 according to River Networks. Estimates as low as 297,211 km2&lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt; may perhaps exclude the [[Río Negro (Uruguay)|Rio Negro]] tributary basin.}}
|-
|[[Khatanga River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|364000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Marañón River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|363286|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/3755-rio-maranon-watersheds-map Maraõn basin] at River Networks&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Guaporé River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Mamoré River || {{convert|360534|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=madeira/&gt;
|-
|[[Indigirka River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|360400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Araguaia River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Tocantins River || {{convert|358125|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Northern Dvina]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || White Sea || {{convert|357075|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Xi River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pearl River || {{convert|353100|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Purus River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|352085|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4306-rio-purus-watersheds-map Rio Purus basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Ucayali River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|337519|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Shebelle River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Jubba River || {{convert|336627|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Saskatchewan River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Lake Winnipeg || {{convert|335900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Benue River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Niger River || {{convert|335035|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Parnaíba River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|331643|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4242-rio-poti-watersheds-map Parnaiba Basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=Note|Estimates range from 322,887 km2,&lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt; and 331,565 km2&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt; to 344,112 km2&lt;ref&gt;Ramos, Ramos, &amp; Ramos (2014). ''[http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1676-06032014000100204&amp;script=sci_arttext Ichthyofauna of the Parnaíba river Basin, Northeastern Brazil.]'' Biota Neotrop. 14(1).&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[Blue Nile]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Nile || {{convert|325000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Pechora River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|322000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Hai River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|318200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Godavari River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indian Ocean || {{convert|314829|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/3985-godavari-river-watersheds-map Goodavari River watersheds map] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Peace River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Slave River || {{convert|306000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Panjnad River]] (Chenab &amp; Sutlej) || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indus River || {{convert|300000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} &lt;!--rough estimate; Chenab and Sutlej combined plus a generous 10,000--&gt;||
|-
| [[Baker Lake (Nunavut)|Baker Lake]]/[[Chesterfield Inlet]] || Lake / estuary || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|299000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Stn/B68.html Baker Basin] at [[University of New Hampshire|UNH]]/Global Runoff Data Centre&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|[[Red River of the North]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Lake Winnipeg || {{convert|287500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Churchill River (Hudson Bay)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|281300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Neva River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Baltic Sea || {{convert|281000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Taz Estuary]] || Estuary || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|262000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Snake River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Columbia River || {{convert|278450|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Liard River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Mackenzie River || {{convert|277100|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Lake Athabasca]]-[[Rivière des Rochers]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Slave River || {{convert|274540|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || 
|-
|[[Salween River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indian Ocean || {{convert|271888|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;{{refn|group=Note|Rivers Network calculated an area of 266,354 km2.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/2886-upper-salween-river-nu-river-watersheds-map Upper Salween] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt; Often-mentioned areas of ca 324,000 km2 are clearly too high.}}
|-
|[[Lukuga River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|270900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Luvua River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|265300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kwango River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Kasai River || {{convert|263400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Desaguadero River (Argentina)|Desaguadero River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Colorado River || {{convert|260000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Bolsón de Mapimí|Mapimí]]-[[Llanos el Salado|Salado]] basin || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|260000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;!-- seems a bit much; and are these not two different basins?--&gt;
|-
|[[Krishna River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indian Ocean || {{convert|258948|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Magdalena River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|257438|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Dongting Lake]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yangtze River || {{convert|257000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Water Science and Engineering|volume=10|issue=4|date=October 2017|title=Flood management of Dongting Lake after operation of Three Gorges Dam|author=Xi-jun Lai|author2=Zi-ming Wang|page=303 |doi=10.1016/j.wse.2017.12.005 |bibcode=2017WSEng..10..303L |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Japurá River|Japurá/Caquetá River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|255700|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Nen River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Songhua River || {{convert|252100|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} &lt;!--290,570 km2 including the Huolin River basin, which has an unclear ending (Chagan Lake) near the junction of Nen and Songhua --&gt; || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/north-asia/item/4614-amur-river-basin-watersheds-map Amur river basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
|[[Oka River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Volga || {{convert|245000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || North Sea || {{convert|240000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Podkamennaya Tunguska River|Stony Tunguska River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yenisei river || {{convert|240000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Beni River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Madeira River || {{convert|239825|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} &lt;!--including the Madre de Dios basin--&gt;|| &lt;ref name=madeira/&gt;
|-
|[[Lake Victoria]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Nile River || {{convert|238900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Yana River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|238000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Lake Tanganyika]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Lukuga River || {{convert|236300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Sangha River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|233740|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/central-africa/itemlist/category/1029 Sangha Basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Fraser River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|233100|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Zeya River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Amur River || {{convert|233000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Liao River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|232200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ural River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#fcf;&quot;| Asia/Europe || Caspian Sea || {{convert|231000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Juruá River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|225828|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Sobat River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Nile River || {{convert|225000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Vitim River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Lena River || {{convert|225000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ogooué River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|223856|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Tigris River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Shatt al-Arab || {{convert|221400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1587-middle-tigris-watersheds-map Lower, Middle] and [http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4839-upper-tigris-watersheds-map Upper Tigris river basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Platte River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Missouri River || {{convert|219916|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Olenyok River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|219000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Olyokma River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Lena River || {{convert|210000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Shilka River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Amur River || {{convert|206000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Rufiji River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|204450|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/246-rufiji-river-basin Rufiji river basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Kura (Caspian Sea)|Kura River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Caspian Sea || {{convert|198300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Vaal River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Orange River || {{convert|196438|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Vistula]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Baltic Sea || {{convert|194424|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ussuri River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Amur River || {{convert|193000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Juruena River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Tapajos River || {{convert|191030|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=tapajos/&gt;
|-
|[[Anadyr River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Bering Sea || {{convert|191000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Branco River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Rio Negro || {{convert|189925|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ishim River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Irtysh River || {{convert|189000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Rhine]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || North Sea || {{convert|185300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Yobe River|Komadugu-Yobe River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Lake Chad || {{convert|183009|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/598-hadedja-jamaare-komadugu-basin-lake-chad-watershed-map Hadedja - Jama'are - Komadugu Basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Assiniboine River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Red River || {{convert|182000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Pyasina River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pyasina Gulf || {{convert|182000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Yellowstone River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Missouri River || {{convert|181000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Uyandina River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indigirka River || {{convert|176000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kotuy River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Khatanga River || {{convert|176000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Chenab River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Panjnad River || {{convert|176000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1472-chenab-river-watersheds-map Chenab river basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
|[[Hanshui|Han River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yangtze River || {{convert|174300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Huai River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yangtze River || {{convert|174000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Tshuapa River|Tshuapa/Ruki River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|173800|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Maya River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Aldan River || {{convert|171000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Salado River (Buenos Aires)|Salado River]] (Buenos Aires) || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|170000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Red River of the South]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Mississippi River || {{convert|169890|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Red River (Asia)|Red River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Gulf of Tonkin || {{convert|169000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035136/http://www.redriverprogram.com/en/introduction-of-the-red-river-basin/ Red River Basin]}} page at redriverprogram.com&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Cuvelai River]]-[[Cuvelai-Etosha Basin|Etosha Basin]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|166649|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;waterdiplomacy&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://aquapedia.waterdiplomacy.org/wiki/index.php?title=Cuvelai_River-Etosha_Pan_Basin|title=Cuvelai River-Etosha Pan Basin - AquaPedia Case Study Database|publisher=aquapedia.waterdiplomacy.org|access-date=15 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Chesapeake Bay]] || Estuary || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|166534|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Helmand River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Sistan Basin || {{convert|166000 |km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=sistan/&gt;
|-
|[[Argun River (Asia)|Argun / Hailar River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Amur River || {{convert|164000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Chao Phraya River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Gulf of Thailand || {{convert|160400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Hulun Lake]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Amur River / endorheic || {{convert|160335|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=&quot;Note&quot;&gt;Combined drainage area of [[Kherlen River]] (103709 km2) &amp; Orxon Rivers (56626 km2) [http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1612-upper-amur-river-watersheds-map]. &quot;In years with high precipitation, the normally exit−less endorheic lake may overflow at its northern shore.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Jialing River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yangtze River || {{convert|160000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Luangwa River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Zambezi River || {{convert|159615|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=zamb/&gt;
|-
|[[Tisza]] River || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Danube || {{convert|157186|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Turgai River|Torgay/Turgai River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|157000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Mbomou River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Ubangi River || {{convert|156950|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Great Bear River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Mackenzie River || {{convert|156500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kafue River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Zambezi River || {{convert|155805|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=zamb/&gt;
|-
|[[Kansas River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Missouri River || {{convert|155695|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ruvuma River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|155500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Essequibo River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|154186|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || San Francisco Bay || {{convert|153000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ruo Shui]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Endorheic basin || {{convert|152606|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Xin |title=Hydrological Cycle in the Heihe River Basin and Its Implication for Water Resource Management in Endorheic Basins |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |volume= 123|issue= 2|pages= 890–914|doi=10.1002/2017JD027889|year=2018 |bibcode=2018JGRD..123..890L |s2cid=133846912 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Sankuru River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Kasai River || {{convert|151112|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/central-africa/itemlist/category/1024 Sankuru basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Atbarah River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Nile || {{convert|150000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=&quot;Note&quot;&gt;Very rough estimate. Upper river's drainage area, including the Tekezé river is 120,430 km2 [http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1083-blue-nile-river-watersheds-map], lower drainage area is probably not as much as 69,572 km2 [http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/3820-lower-nile-river-watersheds-map], as that includes much surrounding dessert.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Taz River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Taz Estuary || {{convert|150000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Tietê River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Paraná River || {{convert|150000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Cuanza River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|149688|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Shire River]] ([[Lake Malawi]]) || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Zambezi River || {{convert|149159|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=zamb/&gt;
|-
|[[Elbe]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || North Sea || {{convert|148268|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Putumayo River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|148000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Bani River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Niger River || {{convert|146570|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4666-niger-watersheds-map Niger watershed maps] at river networks. The often quoted 101,600 km2 is the basin upstream of [[Douna]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Ottawa River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || St. Lawrence River || {{convert|146300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[South Saskatchewan River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Saskatchewan River || {{convert|146100|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Lake Titicaca]]-[[Desaguadero River (Bolivia)|Desaguadero River]]-[[Lake Poopó]] System|| Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;|[[South America]] || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|144590|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Role of Hydrological Studies for the Development of the TDPS System|first1=Claudia|last1=Canedo|first2=Ramiro|last2=Pillco Zolá|first3=Ronny|last3=Berndtsson|date=12 April 2016|journal=Water|volume=8|issue=4|pages=144|doi=10.3390/w8040144|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Chambal River]]  || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yamuna River || {{convert|143219|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Rio Grande (Paraná River)]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Paraná River || {{convert|143000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Fitzroy River (Queensland)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cf6;&quot;| Australia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|142665|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Thelon River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Baker Lake || {{convert|142400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Belaya River (Kama)|Belaya River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Kama River || {{convert|142000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Iriri River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Xingu River || {{convert|141745|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/3686-rio-xingu-watershed-map Rio Xingu watershed map] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Teles Pires]] River || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Tapajos River || {{convert|141620|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=tapajos/&gt;
|-
|[[Mahanadi River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indian Ocean || {{convert|141600|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ili River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Lake Balkhash || {{convert|140000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} 
|-
|[[Sanaga River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|140000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.internationalrivers.org/files/attached-files/irbm_sanaga.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=20 March 2016 |archive-date=1 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401013048/https://www.internationalrivers.org/files/attached-files/irbm_sanaga.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Min River (Sichuan)]]  || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yangtze River || {{convert|140000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Guaviare River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Orinoco River || {{convert|138447|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1634-guaviare-river-watersheds-map Guaviare river basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Pibor River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Sobat River || {{convert|137130|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lehner |first=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008eo100001 |issn=0096-3941|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Grande de Santiago River|Santiago]]-[[Lerma River|Lerma]] basin || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|136628|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Apure River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Orinoco River || {{convert|136152|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1632-apure-river-watersheds-map Apure river basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Winnipeg River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Lake Winnipeg || {{convert|135800|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Albany River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|135200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Wei River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yellow River || {{convert|135000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Grijalva River|Grijalva]]-[[Usumacinta River|Usumacinta]] basin || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|134400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Chulym River (Ob River)|Chulym River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Ob River || {{convert|134000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Lukenie River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|133432|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/central-africa/itemlist/category/1022 Lukenie Basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Koksoak River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Ungava Bay || {{convert|133400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Orkhon River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Selenga River || {{convert|132835|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Uele River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Ubangi River || {{convert|131856|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/central-africa/itemlist/category/1030 Uele Basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Tambo River (Peru)|Tambo]]-[[Ene River|Ene]]-[[Apurímac River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Ucayali River || {{convert|131460|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1792-rio-ucayali-watersheds-map Ucayali river basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Lake Turkana]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|130860|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Aripuanã River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Madeira River || {{convert|130340|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=madeira/&gt;
|-
|[[Malagarasi River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Lake Tanganyika || {{convert|130000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Mar Chiquita Lake (Córdoba)|Mar Chiquita]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|129715|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/north-america/itemlist/category/405-mar-chiquita Mar Chiquita Watershed] at riversnetwork.org&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Burdekin River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cf6;&quot;| Australia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|129700|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Vyatka River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Kama River || {{convert|129000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Yalong River]]  || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yangtze River || {{convert|128444|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Taseyeva River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Angara River || {{convert|128000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ghaghara|Ghaghara / Karnali River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Ganges River || {{convert|127950|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Trombetas River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|127643|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4302-lower-amazon-watersheds-map Lower Amazon watershed] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Tana River (Kenya)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|126026|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Madre de Dios River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Beni River || {{convert|125287|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=madeira/&gt;
|-
|[[Green River (Colorado River)|Green River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Colorado River || {{convert|124578|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kuskokwim River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Bering Sea || {{convert|124319|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Salado River (Argentina)|Salado River]] (Argentina) || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Paraná River || {{convert|124199|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
| [[Taymyr River]] || Primary river ||  style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Kara Sea || {{convert|124000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Canadian River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Arkansas River || {{convert|123221|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Aruwimi River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|122853|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/central-africa/itemlist/category/1032 Aruwimi Basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[North Saskatchewan River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Saskatchewan River || {{convert|122800|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Prypiat River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Dnieper|| {{convert|121840|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Vychegda River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Northern Dvina|| {{convert|121000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Mun River]]  || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Mekong River || {{convert|119180|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Oder]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Baltic Sea || {{convert|118861|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Porcupine River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Yukon River || {{convert|117900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Loire]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|117000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Lomami River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|116209|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/central-africa/itemlist/category/1026 Lomami Basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Brazos River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|116000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Mobile River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|115000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Pecos River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Rio Grande || {{convert|115000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Pilcomayo River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Paraguay River || {{convert|114402|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=parag&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4027-rio-paraguay-watersheds-map Rio Paraguay watersheds map] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Sutlej River]]  || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indus River || {{convert|114343|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1271-sutlej-river-watersheds-map Sutlej river basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
|[[Panj River]]  || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Amu Darya River || {{convert|114000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Tanana River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Yukon River || {{convert|114000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Cuando River|Kwando/Chobe River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Zambezi River || {{convert|113393|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=zamb/&gt;
|-
|[[Omolon River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Kolyma River || {{convert|113000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Uchur River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Aldan River || {{convert|113000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Balsas River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|112320|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Pur River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Taz Estuary || {{convert|112000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Pranhita River]]  || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Godavari River || {{convert|109078|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Flinders River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cf6;&quot;| Australia || Gulf of Carpentaria || {{convert|109000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Moose River (Ontario)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|108500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Hayes River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|108000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Anyuy River (Sakha)]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Kolyma River || {{convert|107000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Bermejo River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Paraguay River || {{convert|106924|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=parag/&gt;
|-
|[[Cunene River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|106560|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Back River (Nunavut)|Back River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|106500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Save River (Africa)|Save River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|106420|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Tennessee River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Ohio River || {{convert|105868|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Aras River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Kura River || {{convert|104785|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Bahr Aouk River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Chari River || {{convert|103577|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1737700.html|title=Chari - Golongosso|website=www.grdc.sr.unh.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Wabash River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Ohio River || {{convert|103500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Colorado River (Texas)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|103300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Severn River (northern Ontario)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|102800|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Chindwin River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Irrawaddy River || {{convert|102783|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1568-chindwin-river-watershed-map|title=Chindwin river : Watershed map}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Napo River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|102190|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/3751-rio-napo-watersheds-map|title=rio Napo : Watersheds map}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Río Negro (Argentina)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|102000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Logone River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Chari River || {{convert|101481|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/2041-chari-logone-rivers-watersheds-map Chari-Logone rivers watershed mapes] at rivers networks.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Anabar River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|100000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Barito River]] (Borneo) || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa&quot;| [[Asia]] || Java Sea || {{convert|100000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kheta River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Khatanga River || {{convert|100000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Markha River (Vilyuy)|Markha River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Vilyuy River || {{convert|99900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Donets]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Don River || {{convert|98900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Narmada River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa&quot;| [[Asia]] || Arabian Sea || {{convert|98800|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kapuas River]] (Borneo) || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa&quot;| [[Asia]] || South China Sea || {{convert|98749|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Rhône]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Mediterranean Sea || {{convert|98556|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Bandama River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|98500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Northern Sosva River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Ob River || {{convert|98300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Neman (river)|Neman]] River || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Baltic Sea || {{convert|97864|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[La Grande River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || James Bay || {{convert|97600|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Douro|Douro / Duero]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|97502|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Xiang River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Lake Dongting || {{convert|96400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Onon (river)|Onon]] River || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Shilka River || {{convert|96200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Sava]] River || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Danube || {{convert|95419|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Athabasca River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Lake Athabasca || {{convert|95300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
&lt;!-- need to cut it off somewhere; 100,000 km2 allowing 5,000 km2 error
|-
|[[Brahmani River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot; | Asia || Indian Ocean || {{convert|39,033|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Penobscot River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|22200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Penobscot River Watershed |url=https://www.regions.noaa.gov/north-atlantic/index.php/penobscot-river-watershed/ |website=NOAA}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[Caroní River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Orinoco River || {{convert|91,647|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/2904-caroni-river-watersheds-map Caroní river basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|155
|[[Namak Lake]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot; | Asia || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|87,600|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.briancoad.com/introduction/namaklakebasin.htm|title=Freshwater Fishes of Iran, Introduction - Drainage Basins - Namak Lake|website=www.briancoad.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|156
|[[Pánuco River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|84,956|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|157
|[[Yaqui River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of California || {{convert|74,532|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|158
|[[Susquehanna River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Chesapeake Bay || {{convert|71,200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|159
|[[Winisk River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|67,300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|
|[[Lake Urmia]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot; | Asia || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|51,876|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:578781/FULLTEXT02|title=Agricultural Water Use in Lake Urmia Basin, Iran}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|160
|[[Sittaung River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indian Ocean || {{convert|48,100|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|161
|[[Great Whale River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|42,700|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|162
|[[Leaf River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Ungava Bay || {{convert|42,500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|163
|[[George River (Quebec)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Ungava Bay || {{convert|41,700|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|164
|[[Dead Sea]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|41,650|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|165
|[[Klamath River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|40,632|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|166
|[[Trinity River (Texas)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|40,380|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|167
|[[Potomac River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|38,000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|168
|[[Delaware River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|36,658|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|169
|[[Hudson River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|36,260|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|170
|[[Han River (Korea)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yellow Sea || {{convert|35,770|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|171
|[[Sirhan Valley|Wadi as-Sirhan]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|35,500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|172
|[[Connecticut River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|29,137|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|173
|[[James River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|27,019|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|174
|[[San Pedro Mezquital River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|26,480|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|175
|[[Tone River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|16,840|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|176
|[[River Thames]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || North Sea || {{convert|12,935|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|177
|[[Valley of Mexico]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America|| n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|9,600|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || --&gt;
|}

&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>m5yzd95vu8fg2n8hv554f0j6gzbdl1e</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>140033</id>
      <parentid>140032</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-12T14:52:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Updated Content</comment>
      <origin>140033</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="75938" sha1="k4mzjejjsqdyus0q6h5rbfhop4k7h1l" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Ocean drainage.svg|thumb|350px|Major [[continental divide]]s, showing drainage into the major oceans and seas of the world--Drainage basins of the principal oceans and seas of the world. Grey areas are endorheic basins that do not drain to the ocean.]]

Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din deeri kom yuya (shɛba nyɛla ban booni li &quot;catchments&quot; bee North American ni mi li shɛm. Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla teekunima , mɔɣa, Lakenima n ti pahi kulibɔŋ shɛŋa din zaa pahi. Kulibɔŋ kam din galisim gari {{convert|400000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} nyɛla bɛ ni zaŋ shɛli pahi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ig.utexas.edu/research/projects/divide/poster/background1.gif|title=Background|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715185837/http://www.ig.utexas.edu/research/projects/divide/poster/background1.gif|archive-date=15 July 2007|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Basins==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;&quot; 
|- &quot;
! colspan=&quot;8&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [[Continent]] color key
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;|[[Africa]]
| style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;|[[Asia]]
| style=&quot;background:#fcf;&quot;|[[Eurasia|Asia/Europe]]
| style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;|[[Europe]]
| style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;|[[North America]]
| style=&quot;background:#7CFC00;&quot;|[[Australia_(continent)|Australia]]
| style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;|[[South America]]
| style=&quot;background:#d4d4d4;&quot;|[[Antarctica]]
|}
|}
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
! rowspan=2 style=&quot;width:18em;&quot;|Basin
! rowspan=2|Type
! rowspan=2|Continent
! rowspan=2|Drains to
! colspan=2|Basin area
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; rowspan=2| Notes
|-
! km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
! mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
|[[Atlantic Ocean]] || Ocean || Multiple || n/a || {{convert|69800000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||{{refn|group=Note|name=appx|This is an approximate value based on [[GIS|geospatial data]] from the [[USGS]].[https://edc.usgs.gov/products/elevation/gtopo30/hydro/] Approximate values for the area of Greenland and Antarctica were added to this data.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Atlantic&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Largest Drainage Basins In The World |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/largest-drainage-basins-in-the-world.html#:~:text=Largest%20Drainage%20Basins%20in%20the%20World%20%20,%20%2019%2C400%2C000%20%2011%20more%20rows%20 |website=WorldAtlas | date=17 May 2018 |access-date=11 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Arctic Ocean]]|| Ocean || Multiple || n/a || {{convert|23100000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Pacific Ocean]]|| Ocean || Multiple || n/a || {{convert|20300000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Atlantic&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Indian Ocean]]|| Ocean || Multiple || n/a || {{convert|19400000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Southern Ocean]] || Ocean || style=&quot;background:#d4d4d4;&quot;| [[Antarctica]] || n/a || {{convert|14000000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref group=&quot;Note&quot; name=&quot;ant&quot;&gt;The value listed here assumes that the entire continent drains to the ocean, such as through the many [[ice stream]]s, [[outlet glacier]]s, and seasonal [[glacial stream]]s along the coast. However, there are many small endorheic lakes, for example in the [[McMurdo Dry Valleys]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]-[[Black Sea]] system || [[Mediterranean seas|Mediterranean sea]]|| Multiple || Atlantic Ocean &lt;ref group=&quot;Note&quot; name=&quot;drain&quot;&gt;Note that the connection between a [[mediterranean sea (oceanography)|mediterranean sea]] (or a large [[estuary]]) and its parent ocean usually involves simultaneous inflow and outflow in the lower and upper water layers of the connecting channel. Depending on the salinity of the sea, the upper layer may either flow into or out from the ocean; the bottom layer will flow the opposite direction.&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{convert| 7770000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}&lt;!-- 5.34 + 2.43 = 7.77 millions--&gt; || &lt;ref name=CD&gt;{{cite journal | title=Hydrological cycle of the Mediterranean-Black Sea system | author=García-García, D. | journal=[[Climate Dynamics]] | year=2022 | volume=59 | issue=7–8 | pages=1919–1938 | doi=10.1007/s00382-022-06188-2 | bibcode=2022ClDy...59.1919G | s2cid=238770852 |quote=In the continents, the drainage basins discharging into the Mediterranean and Black seas are defined according to the global continental runoff pathways scheme (Oki and Sud 1998), and they cover 5.34 × 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; and 2.43 × 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively| doi-access=free | hdl=10045/121760 | hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Amazon Basin|Amazon River]]|| Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot; |[[South America]] || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|6200000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} 
| &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://netedu.xauat.edu.cn/jpkc/netedu/jpkc2009/szylyybh/content/wlzy/4/Watersheds%20of%20the%20World%202005.pdf|title=Watersheds of the World 2005 |publisher=Water Resources eAtlas|access-date=14 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Gulf of Mexico]] and [[Caribbean Sea]]|| Mediterranean sea || Multiple || Atlantic Ocean &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;drain&quot;/&gt; || {{convert|6200000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Mediterranean Sea]] || Mediterranean sea || Multiple || Atlantic Ocean &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;drain&quot;&gt;Note that the connection between a [[mediterranean sea (oceanography)|mediterranean sea]] (or a large [[estuary]]) and its parent ocean usually involves simultaneous inflow and outflow in the lower and upper water layers of the connecting channel. Depending on the salinity of the sea, the upper layer may either flow into or out from the ocean; the bottom layer will flow the opposite direction.&lt;/ref&gt; || {{convert|5880000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} 
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;7012534000000000000&quot; |2,060,000&lt;ref name=CD/&gt;
|-
|[[Hudson Bay drainage basin]] || Mediterranean sea || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|3861400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} 
||
|-
|[[Congo River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| [[Africa]] || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|3730881|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Caspian Sea]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#fcf;&quot;| Asia/Europe || n/a ([[endorheic basin]]) || {{convert|3626000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Nile|Nile River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Mediterranean Sea || {{convert|3254853|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi-Missouri River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| [[North America]] || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|3202185|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Bay of Bengal]] || Bay || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot; | [[Asia]] || Indian Ocean || {{convert|3200000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}||
|-
|[[Río de la Plata]] || Estuary || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|3170000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=Guerrero97&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Continental Shelf Research|volume=17|issue=7| date=June 1997 |pages=727–742|title=Physical oceanography of the Río de la Plata Estuary, Argentina|author=Raúl A. Guerrero|doi=10.1016/S0278-4343(96)00061-1|display-authors=etal|bibcode=1997CSR....17..727G}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Ob River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| [[Asia]] || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|2982493|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Paraná River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot; | South America || Río de la Plata || {{convert|2582704|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Yenisei River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|2554388|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Chad Basin]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|2497738|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Lena River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|2306743|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Black Sea]]|| Mediterranean sea || style=&quot;background:#fcf;&quot;| Asia/Europe || Mediterranean Sea &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;drain&quot;/&gt; || {{convert|2430000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=CD/&gt;
|-
|[[Niger River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|2261741|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Ganges]]–[[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot; | Asia || Bay of Bengal ||{{convert|1999000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} 
| &lt;ref name=&quot;Arnold2000&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Arnold|first=Guy|title=World strategic highways|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FarwCNdYdmoC&amp;pg=PA223|year=2000|publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis|isbn=978-1-57958-098-8|page=223}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Amur River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|1929955|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Mackenzie River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Beaufort Sea || {{convert|1805200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Rivers |work=The Atlas of Canada |publisher=Natural Resources Canada |url=http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/learningresources/facts/rivers.html |access-date=15 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202064028/http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/learningresources/facts/rivers.html |archive-date=2 February 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Yangtze River]] (Chang Jiang)  || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|1722193|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Baltic Sea]]|| Mediterranean sea || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| [[Europe]]  || Atlantic Ocean &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;drain&quot;/&gt; || {{convert|1700000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Irtysh River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Ob River || {{convert|1673470|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Aral Sea]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia ||  n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|1618750|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Madeira River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|1485218|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Volga River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| [[Europe]] || Caspian Sea || {{convert|1410951|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Persian Gulf]]|| Mediterranean sea || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia  || Indian Ocean &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;drain&quot;/&gt; || {{convert|1400000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[St. Lawrence River|St. Lawrence Estuary]] || Estuary || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Saint Lawrence || {{convert|1344200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Zambezi|Zambezi River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|1332574|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=zamb&gt;[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTAFRICA/Resources/Zambezi_MSIOA_-_Vol_1_-_Summary_Report.pdf The Zambezi River Basin], page 6.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Missouri River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Mississippi River || {{convert|1331810|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || 
|-
|[[Lake Eyre Basin]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#cf6;&quot;| [[Australia]] || n/a (endorheic basin) ||style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1,210,000
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;7012120000000000000&quot; |470,000|| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/water/environmental/rivers/leb.html |title=Map of the Lake Eyre basin |publisher=Environment.gov.au |date=18 February 2011 |access-date=10 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220091502/http://environment.gov.au/water/environmental/rivers/leb.html |archive-date=20 February 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Ganges River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot; | Asia || Bay of Bengal 
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;7012101612400000000&quot; |1,200,000
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|463,322
|&lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot; /&gt;
|-
|[[Paraguay River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Paraná River || {{convert|1095000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Indus River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arabian Sea || {{convert|1081718|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Nelson River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|1072300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;natl-atlas-canada&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title= Canada Drainage Basins |year= 1985 |work= [[Atlas of Canada|The National Atlas of Canada]], 5th edition |publisher= [[Natural Resources Canada]] |url= http://geogratis.gc.ca/api/en/nrcan-rncan/ess-sst/7b309ad9-9398-51d4-89d2-32b3871ec3ab.html |access-date= 24 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Murray-Darling basin]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cf6;&quot;| Australia || Southern Ocean || {{convert|1050116|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[St. Lawrence River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|1049636|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Angara River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yenisei River || {{convert|1039000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;feow&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/yenisei|title=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World|publisher=feow.org|access-date=15 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018122304/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/yenisei|archive-date=18 October 2018|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Lake Chad]] (New Conventional Basin) || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|1035000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;worldlakes&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.worldlakes.org/lakedetails.asp?lakeid=8357|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030926043012/http://www.worldlakes.org/lakedetails.asp?lakeid=8357|url-status=usurped|archive-date=26 September 2003|title=LakeNet - Lakes|publisher=worldlakes.org|access-date=15 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Lake Winnipeg]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Nelson River || {{convert|982900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;natl-atlas-canada&quot; /&gt;
|-
|[[Great Slave Lake]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Mackenzie River || {{convert|976200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Orinoco River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|953675|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Orange River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|941351|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Kasai River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|925172|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Shatt al-Arab]] ([[Tigris]], [[Euphrates]] &amp; [[Karun]]) || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Persian Gulf || {{convert|916200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/3954-tigris-euphrates-delta-and-coastal-watershed-map Tigris Euphrates basin area] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Tarim Basin]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|906500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/583570/Tarim-Basin |title=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Britannica.com |access-date=10 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;!--Watersheds of the World has 1,152,448 km2 --&gt;
|-
|[[North Sea]] || Mediterranean sea || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|850000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Yukon River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Bering Sea || {{convert|839200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Yellow River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|832238|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4371-huang-he-delta-watershed-map Huang He Delta watershed] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=Note|Estimates for the Yellow River basin range from ca. 752,000 km2 (Chinese, English, French, German etc. wikipedia articles, none sourced) to 944,970 km2.&lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;}}
|-
|[[Mekong River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|805604|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
||[[Jubba River|Jubba]]-[[Shebelle River|Shebelle]] basin || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|805100|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;somwe&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.somwe.com/hydropolitics.html|title=Hydropolitics in the Horn of Africa|publisher=somwe.com|access-date=15 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Great Lakes]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America  || St. Lawrence River || {{convert|800114|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Danube River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Black Sea || {{convert|795656|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Syr Darya]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Aral Sea || {{convert|782617|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Tocantins River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|764213|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Ubangi River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|754830|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Aldan River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Lena River || {{convert|729000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kalahari Basin]]/[[Okavango Basin]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|721258|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashton and Neal&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1= Ashton, Peter|author2=Neal, Marian|date=2003 |chapter=An Overview of Key Strategic Issues in the Okavango Basin|chapter-url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/doc/10.1.1.468.8632|title=Transboundary Rivers, Sovereignty and Development: Hydropolitical Drivers in the Okavango River Basin|isbn= 0-620-30497-9 |pages=31–63|publisher=African Water Issues Research Unit |citeseerx=10.1.1.468.8632 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Rio Negro (Amazon)|Rio Negro]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|720114|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kolyma River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|679934|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Columbia River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|671300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Brahmaputra River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Ganges River || {{convert|651335|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} 
|| &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Colorado River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of California || {{convert|637137|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Mamoré River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Madeira River || {{convert|630835|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} &lt;!-- including Guaporé basin--&gt; || &lt;ref name=madeira&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4298-rio-madeira-watersheds-map Madeira river basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Red Sea]]|| Mediterranean sea || [[Afro-Eurasia|Africa/Asia]] || Indian Ocean &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;drain&quot;/&gt; || {{convert|620000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[São Francisco River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|617812|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Slave River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Great Slave Lake || {{convert|616400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Rio Grande]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|607934|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Lake Baikal]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Angara River || {{convert|571000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Songhua River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Amur River || {{convert|554575|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/north-asia/item/4614-amur-river-basin-watersheds-map Amur river basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Chari River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Lake Chad || {{convert|548747|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Amu Darya]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Aral Sea || {{convert|534739|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Euphrates]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Shatt al-Arab || {{convert|532300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1586-middle-euphrates-watersheds-map Lower, Middle] and [http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4838-upper-euphrates-watersheds-map Upper Euphrates river basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Xingu River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|520292|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
| [[Bahr el Ghazal River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Nile || {{convert|520000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Lake Balkhash]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia ||  n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|512015|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Dnieper River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Black Sea || {{convert|511650|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4193-dnieper-river-watersheds-map Dnieper river : Watersheds map] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=Note|Estimates for the Dnieper basin range from 504,000 km2 (most wikipedia pages) to 533,966 km2&lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;}}
|-
|[[Kama River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Volga River || {{convert|507000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Jubba River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|497626|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}|| &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref group=Note&gt;Excluding the Shebelle tributary river basin.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Great Basin]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|492000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Boundary Descriptions and Names of Regions, Subregions, Accounting Units and Cataloging Units |url=https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/huc_name.html |publisher=USGS.gov |access-date=21 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref group=&quot;Note&quot;&gt;The [[Great Basin]] is a set of endorheic drainage basins, the largest being the {{convert|35910|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} basin that drains into the [[Great Salt Lake]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Ohio River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Mississippi River || {{convert|490603|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Nizhnyaya Tunguska River|Lower Tunguska River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yenisei river || {{convert|473000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Vilyuy River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Lena River || {{convert|454000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Pearl River (China)|Pearl River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|453700|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} &lt;!--some sites give 409,458 km2--&gt;||
|-
|[[Tapajós River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|453510|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=tapajos&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1791-tapajos-river-amazon-watershed-map Tapajos basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Selenga River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Lake Baikal || {{convert|445245|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Don River, Russia|Don River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Black Sea || {{convert|443729|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4185-don-river-watersheds-map Don River watershed] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=Note|Official estimates for the Don basin range from 422,000 km2&lt;ref&gt;[http://textual.ru/gvr/index.php?card=170050 Don River] at the State water register of the Russian Federation&lt;/ref&gt; to 458,694 km2.&lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;}}
|-
|[[Arkansas River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Mississippi River || {{convert|435122|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Tobol River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Irtysh River || {{convert|426000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Limpopo River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|421123|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Senegal River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|419575|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Irrawaddy River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indian Ocean || {{convert|413710|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Volta River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|407093|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Colorado River (Argentina)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|373863|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4468-colorado-watersheds-map Colorado watershed] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=Note|Estimates for the Colorado basin range from 294,076 km2&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=v5VHWWrK_SsC&amp;dq=Colorado+River+%28Argentina+basin+km&amp;pg=PA359 River Ecosystem Ecology: A Global Perspective], Gene E. Likens, Academic Press, 29 March 2010, page 359&lt;/ref&gt; to 403,005 km2.&lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;}}
|-
|[[Sistan Basin]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|370000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=sistan&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ir.undp.org/content/dam/iran/docs/News/2014/March%202014/Towards%20a%20solution%20for%20Iran's%20dying%20wetlands/Hamoun%20Wetland/Hamoun%20Wetland%20Baseline%20Situation%20Analysis%202005.pdf |title=Restoration and Sustainable Use of the Shared Sistan Basin |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |date=February 2005 |access-date=18 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;!--notice conflicting data in table 2, page 16 of the same paper--&gt;
|-
|[[Molopo River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Orange River || {{convert|367201|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Yamuna]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Ganges || {{convert|366223|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Uruguay River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Río de la Plata || {{convert|365000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||{{refn|group=Note|365,000 km2 is almost always quoted, though the area is only ca 351,000 km2 according to River Networks. Estimates as low as 297,211 km2&lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt; may perhaps exclude the [[Río Negro (Uruguay)|Rio Negro]] tributary basin.}}
|-
|[[Khatanga River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|364000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Marañón River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|363286|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/3755-rio-maranon-watersheds-map Maraõn basin] at River Networks&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Guaporé River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Mamoré River || {{convert|360534|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=madeira/&gt;
|-
|[[Indigirka River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|360400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Araguaia River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Tocantins River || {{convert|358125|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Northern Dvina]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || White Sea || {{convert|357075|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Xi River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pearl River || {{convert|353100|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Purus River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|352085|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4306-rio-purus-watersheds-map Rio Purus basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Ucayali River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|337519|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Shebelle River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Jubba River || {{convert|336627|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Saskatchewan River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Lake Winnipeg || {{convert|335900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Benue River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Niger River || {{convert|335035|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Parnaíba River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|331643|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4242-rio-poti-watersheds-map Parnaiba Basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=Note|Estimates range from 322,887 km2,&lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt; and 331,565 km2&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt; to 344,112 km2&lt;ref&gt;Ramos, Ramos, &amp; Ramos (2014). ''[http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1676-06032014000100204&amp;script=sci_arttext Ichthyofauna of the Parnaíba river Basin, Northeastern Brazil.]'' Biota Neotrop. 14(1).&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[Blue Nile]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Nile || {{convert|325000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Pechora River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|322000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Hai River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|318200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Godavari River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indian Ocean || {{convert|314829|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/3985-godavari-river-watersheds-map Goodavari River watersheds map] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Peace River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Slave River || {{convert|306000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Panjnad River]] (Chenab &amp; Sutlej) || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indus River || {{convert|300000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} &lt;!--rough estimate; Chenab and Sutlej combined plus a generous 10,000--&gt;||
|-
| [[Baker Lake (Nunavut)|Baker Lake]]/[[Chesterfield Inlet]] || Lake / estuary || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|299000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Stn/B68.html Baker Basin] at [[University of New Hampshire|UNH]]/Global Runoff Data Centre&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|[[Red River of the North]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Lake Winnipeg || {{convert|287500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Churchill River (Hudson Bay)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|281300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Neva River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Baltic Sea || {{convert|281000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Taz Estuary]] || Estuary || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|262000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Snake River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Columbia River || {{convert|278450|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Liard River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Mackenzie River || {{convert|277100|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Lake Athabasca]]-[[Rivière des Rochers]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Slave River || {{convert|274540|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || 
|-
|[[Salween River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indian Ocean || {{convert|271888|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;{{refn|group=Note|Rivers Network calculated an area of 266,354 km2.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/2886-upper-salween-river-nu-river-watersheds-map Upper Salween] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt; Often-mentioned areas of ca 324,000 km2 are clearly too high.}}
|-
|[[Lukuga River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|270900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Luvua River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|265300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kwango River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Kasai River || {{convert|263400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Desaguadero River (Argentina)|Desaguadero River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Colorado River || {{convert|260000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Bolsón de Mapimí|Mapimí]]-[[Llanos el Salado|Salado]] basin || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|260000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;!-- seems a bit much; and are these not two different basins?--&gt;
|-
|[[Krishna River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indian Ocean || {{convert|258948|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Magdalena River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|257438|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Dongting Lake]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yangtze River || {{convert|257000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Water Science and Engineering|volume=10|issue=4|date=October 2017|title=Flood management of Dongting Lake after operation of Three Gorges Dam|author=Xi-jun Lai|author2=Zi-ming Wang|page=303 |doi=10.1016/j.wse.2017.12.005 |bibcode=2017WSEng..10..303L |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Japurá River|Japurá/Caquetá River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|255700|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Nen River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Songhua River || {{convert|252100|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} &lt;!--290,570 km2 including the Huolin River basin, which has an unclear ending (Chagan Lake) near the junction of Nen and Songhua --&gt; || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/north-asia/item/4614-amur-river-basin-watersheds-map Amur river basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
|[[Oka River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Volga || {{convert|245000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || North Sea || {{convert|240000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Podkamennaya Tunguska River|Stony Tunguska River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yenisei river || {{convert|240000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Beni River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Madeira River || {{convert|239825|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} &lt;!--including the Madre de Dios basin--&gt;|| &lt;ref name=madeira/&gt;
|-
|[[Lake Victoria]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Nile River || {{convert|238900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Yana River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|238000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Lake Tanganyika]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Lukuga River || {{convert|236300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Sangha River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|233740|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/central-africa/itemlist/category/1029 Sangha Basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Fraser River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|233100|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Zeya River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Amur River || {{convert|233000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Liao River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|232200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ural River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#fcf;&quot;| Asia/Europe || Caspian Sea || {{convert|231000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Juruá River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|225828|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Sobat River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Nile River || {{convert|225000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Vitim River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Lena River || {{convert|225000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ogooué River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|223856|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Tigris River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Shatt al-Arab || {{convert|221400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1587-middle-tigris-watersheds-map Lower, Middle] and [http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4839-upper-tigris-watersheds-map Upper Tigris river basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Platte River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Missouri River || {{convert|219916|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Olenyok River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|219000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Olyokma River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Lena River || {{convert|210000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Shilka River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Amur River || {{convert|206000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Rufiji River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|204450|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/246-rufiji-river-basin Rufiji river basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Kura (Caspian Sea)|Kura River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Caspian Sea || {{convert|198300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Vaal River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Orange River || {{convert|196438|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Vistula]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Baltic Sea || {{convert|194424|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ussuri River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Amur River || {{convert|193000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Juruena River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Tapajos River || {{convert|191030|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=tapajos/&gt;
|-
|[[Anadyr River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Bering Sea || {{convert|191000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Branco River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Rio Negro || {{convert|189925|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ishim River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Irtysh River || {{convert|189000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Rhine]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || North Sea || {{convert|185300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Yobe River|Komadugu-Yobe River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Lake Chad || {{convert|183009|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/598-hadedja-jamaare-komadugu-basin-lake-chad-watershed-map Hadedja - Jama'are - Komadugu Basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Assiniboine River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Red River || {{convert|182000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Pyasina River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pyasina Gulf || {{convert|182000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Yellowstone River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Missouri River || {{convert|181000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Uyandina River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indigirka River || {{convert|176000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kotuy River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Khatanga River || {{convert|176000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Chenab River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Panjnad River || {{convert|176000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1472-chenab-river-watersheds-map Chenab river basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
|[[Hanshui|Han River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yangtze River || {{convert|174300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Huai River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yangtze River || {{convert|174000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Tshuapa River|Tshuapa/Ruki River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|173800|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Maya River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Aldan River || {{convert|171000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Salado River (Buenos Aires)|Salado River]] (Buenos Aires) || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|170000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Red River of the South]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Mississippi River || {{convert|169890|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Red River (Asia)|Red River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Gulf of Tonkin || {{convert|169000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035136/http://www.redriverprogram.com/en/introduction-of-the-red-river-basin/ Red River Basin]}} page at redriverprogram.com&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Cuvelai River]]-[[Cuvelai-Etosha Basin|Etosha Basin]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|166649|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;waterdiplomacy&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://aquapedia.waterdiplomacy.org/wiki/index.php?title=Cuvelai_River-Etosha_Pan_Basin|title=Cuvelai River-Etosha Pan Basin - AquaPedia Case Study Database|publisher=aquapedia.waterdiplomacy.org|access-date=15 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Chesapeake Bay]] || Estuary || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|166534|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Helmand River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Sistan Basin || {{convert|166000 |km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=sistan/&gt;
|-
|[[Argun River (Asia)|Argun / Hailar River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Amur River || {{convert|164000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Chao Phraya River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Gulf of Thailand || {{convert|160400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Hulun Lake]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Amur River / endorheic || {{convert|160335|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=&quot;Note&quot;&gt;Combined drainage area of [[Kherlen River]] (103709 km2) &amp; Orxon Rivers (56626 km2) [http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1612-upper-amur-river-watersheds-map]. &quot;In years with high precipitation, the normally exit−less endorheic lake may overflow at its northern shore.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Jialing River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yangtze River || {{convert|160000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Luangwa River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Zambezi River || {{convert|159615|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=zamb/&gt;
|-
|[[Tisza]] River || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Danube || {{convert|157186|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Turgai River|Torgay/Turgai River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|157000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Mbomou River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Ubangi River || {{convert|156950|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Great Bear River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Mackenzie River || {{convert|156500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kafue River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Zambezi River || {{convert|155805|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=zamb/&gt;
|-
|[[Kansas River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Missouri River || {{convert|155695|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ruvuma River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|155500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Essequibo River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|154186|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || San Francisco Bay || {{convert|153000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ruo Shui]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Endorheic basin || {{convert|152606|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Xin |title=Hydrological Cycle in the Heihe River Basin and Its Implication for Water Resource Management in Endorheic Basins |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |volume= 123|issue= 2|pages= 890–914|doi=10.1002/2017JD027889|year=2018 |bibcode=2018JGRD..123..890L |s2cid=133846912 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Sankuru River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Kasai River || {{convert|151112|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/central-africa/itemlist/category/1024 Sankuru basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Atbarah River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Nile || {{convert|150000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=&quot;Note&quot;&gt;Very rough estimate. Upper river's drainage area, including the Tekezé river is 120,430 km2 [http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1083-blue-nile-river-watersheds-map], lower drainage area is probably not as much as 69,572 km2 [http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/3820-lower-nile-river-watersheds-map], as that includes much surrounding dessert.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Taz River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Taz Estuary || {{convert|150000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Tietê River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Paraná River || {{convert|150000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Cuanza River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|149688|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Shire River]] ([[Lake Malawi]]) || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Zambezi River || {{convert|149159|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=zamb/&gt;
|-
|[[Elbe]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || North Sea || {{convert|148268|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Putumayo River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|148000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Bani River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Niger River || {{convert|146570|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4666-niger-watersheds-map Niger watershed maps] at river networks. The often quoted 101,600 km2 is the basin upstream of [[Douna]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Ottawa River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || St. Lawrence River || {{convert|146300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[South Saskatchewan River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Saskatchewan River || {{convert|146100|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Lake Titicaca]]-[[Desaguadero River (Bolivia)|Desaguadero River]]-[[Lake Poopó]] System|| Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;|[[South America]] || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|144590|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Role of Hydrological Studies for the Development of the TDPS System|first1=Claudia|last1=Canedo|first2=Ramiro|last2=Pillco Zolá|first3=Ronny|last3=Berndtsson|date=12 April 2016|journal=Water|volume=8|issue=4|pages=144|doi=10.3390/w8040144|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Chambal River]]  || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yamuna River || {{convert|143219|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Rio Grande (Paraná River)]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Paraná River || {{convert|143000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Fitzroy River (Queensland)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cf6;&quot;| Australia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|142665|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Thelon River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Baker Lake || {{convert|142400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Belaya River (Kama)|Belaya River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Kama River || {{convert|142000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Iriri River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Xingu River || {{convert|141745|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/3686-rio-xingu-watershed-map Rio Xingu watershed map] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Teles Pires]] River || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Tapajos River || {{convert|141620|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=tapajos/&gt;
|-
|[[Mahanadi River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indian Ocean || {{convert|141600|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ili River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Lake Balkhash || {{convert|140000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} 
|-
|[[Sanaga River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|140000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.internationalrivers.org/files/attached-files/irbm_sanaga.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=20 March 2016 |archive-date=1 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401013048/https://www.internationalrivers.org/files/attached-files/irbm_sanaga.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Min River (Sichuan)]]  || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yangtze River || {{convert|140000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Guaviare River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Orinoco River || {{convert|138447|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1634-guaviare-river-watersheds-map Guaviare river basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Pibor River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Sobat River || {{convert|137130|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lehner |first=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008eo100001 |issn=0096-3941|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Grande de Santiago River|Santiago]]-[[Lerma River|Lerma]] basin || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|136628|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Apure River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Orinoco River || {{convert|136152|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1632-apure-river-watersheds-map Apure river basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Winnipeg River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Lake Winnipeg || {{convert|135800|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Albany River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|135200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Wei River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yellow River || {{convert|135000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Grijalva River|Grijalva]]-[[Usumacinta River|Usumacinta]] basin || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|134400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Chulym River (Ob River)|Chulym River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Ob River || {{convert|134000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Lukenie River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|133432|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/central-africa/itemlist/category/1022 Lukenie Basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Koksoak River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Ungava Bay || {{convert|133400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Orkhon River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Selenga River || {{convert|132835|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Uele River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Ubangi River || {{convert|131856|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/central-africa/itemlist/category/1030 Uele Basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Tambo River (Peru)|Tambo]]-[[Ene River|Ene]]-[[Apurímac River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Ucayali River || {{convert|131460|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1792-rio-ucayali-watersheds-map Ucayali river basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Lake Turkana]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|130860|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Aripuanã River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Madeira River || {{convert|130340|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=madeira/&gt;
|-
|[[Malagarasi River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Lake Tanganyika || {{convert|130000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Mar Chiquita Lake (Córdoba)|Mar Chiquita]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|129715|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/north-america/itemlist/category/405-mar-chiquita Mar Chiquita Watershed] at riversnetwork.org&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Burdekin River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cf6;&quot;| Australia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|129700|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Vyatka River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Kama River || {{convert|129000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Yalong River]]  || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yangtze River || {{convert|128444|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Taseyeva River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Angara River || {{convert|128000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ghaghara|Ghaghara / Karnali River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Ganges River || {{convert|127950|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Trombetas River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|127643|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4302-lower-amazon-watersheds-map Lower Amazon watershed] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Tana River (Kenya)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|126026|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Madre de Dios River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Beni River || {{convert|125287|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=madeira/&gt;
|-
|[[Green River (Colorado River)|Green River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Colorado River || {{convert|124578|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kuskokwim River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Bering Sea || {{convert|124319|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Salado River (Argentina)|Salado River]] (Argentina) || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Paraná River || {{convert|124199|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
| [[Taymyr River]] || Primary river ||  style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Kara Sea || {{convert|124000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Canadian River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Arkansas River || {{convert|123221|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Aruwimi River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|122853|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/central-africa/itemlist/category/1032 Aruwimi Basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[North Saskatchewan River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Saskatchewan River || {{convert|122800|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Prypiat River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Dnieper|| {{convert|121840|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Vychegda River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Northern Dvina|| {{convert|121000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Mun River]]  || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Mekong River || {{convert|119180|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Oder]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Baltic Sea || {{convert|118861|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Porcupine River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Yukon River || {{convert|117900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Loire]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|117000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Lomami River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|116209|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/central-africa/itemlist/category/1026 Lomami Basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Brazos River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|116000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Mobile River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|115000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Pecos River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Rio Grande || {{convert|115000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Pilcomayo River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Paraguay River || {{convert|114402|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=parag&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4027-rio-paraguay-watersheds-map Rio Paraguay watersheds map] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Sutlej River]]  || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indus River || {{convert|114343|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1271-sutlej-river-watersheds-map Sutlej river basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
|[[Panj River]]  || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Amu Darya River || {{convert|114000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Tanana River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Yukon River || {{convert|114000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Cuando River|Kwando/Chobe River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Zambezi River || {{convert|113393|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=zamb/&gt;
|-
|[[Omolon River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Kolyma River || {{convert|113000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Uchur River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Aldan River || {{convert|113000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Balsas River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|112320|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Pur River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Taz Estuary || {{convert|112000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Pranhita River]]  || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Godavari River || {{convert|109078|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Flinders River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cf6;&quot;| Australia || Gulf of Carpentaria || {{convert|109000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Moose River (Ontario)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|108500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Hayes River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|108000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Anyuy River (Sakha)]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Kolyma River || {{convert|107000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Bermejo River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Paraguay River || {{convert|106924|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=parag/&gt;
|-
|[[Cunene River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|106560|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Back River (Nunavut)|Back River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|106500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Save River (Africa)|Save River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|106420|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Tennessee River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Ohio River || {{convert|105868|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Aras River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Kura River || {{convert|104785|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Bahr Aouk River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Chari River || {{convert|103577|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1737700.html|title=Chari - Golongosso|website=www.grdc.sr.unh.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Wabash River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Ohio River || {{convert|103500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Colorado River (Texas)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|103300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Severn River (northern Ontario)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|102800|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Chindwin River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Irrawaddy River || {{convert|102783|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1568-chindwin-river-watershed-map|title=Chindwin river : Watershed map}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Napo River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|102190|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/3751-rio-napo-watersheds-map|title=rio Napo : Watersheds map}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Río Negro (Argentina)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|102000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Logone River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Chari River || {{convert|101481|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/2041-chari-logone-rivers-watersheds-map Chari-Logone rivers watershed mapes] at rivers networks.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Anabar River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|100000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Barito River]] (Borneo) || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa&quot;| [[Asia]] || Java Sea || {{convert|100000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kheta River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Khatanga River || {{convert|100000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Markha River (Vilyuy)|Markha River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Vilyuy River || {{convert|99900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Donets]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Don River || {{convert|98900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Narmada River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa&quot;| [[Asia]] || Arabian Sea || {{convert|98800|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kapuas River]] (Borneo) || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa&quot;| [[Asia]] || South China Sea || {{convert|98749|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Rhône]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Mediterranean Sea || {{convert|98556|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Bandama River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|98500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Northern Sosva River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Ob River || {{convert|98300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Neman (river)|Neman]] River || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Baltic Sea || {{convert|97864|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[La Grande River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || James Bay || {{convert|97600|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Douro|Douro / Duero]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|97502|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Xiang River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Lake Dongting || {{convert|96400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Onon (river)|Onon]] River || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Shilka River || {{convert|96200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Sava]] River || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Danube || {{convert|95419|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Athabasca River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Lake Athabasca || {{convert|95300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
&lt;!-- need to cut it off somewhere; 100,000 km2 allowing 5,000 km2 error
|-
|[[Brahmani River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot; | Asia || Indian Ocean || {{convert|39,033|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Penobscot River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|22200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Penobscot River Watershed |url=https://www.regions.noaa.gov/north-atlantic/index.php/penobscot-river-watershed/ |website=NOAA}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[Caroní River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Orinoco River || {{convert|91,647|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/2904-caroni-river-watersheds-map Caroní river basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|155
|[[Namak Lake]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot; | Asia || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|87,600|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.briancoad.com/introduction/namaklakebasin.htm|title=Freshwater Fishes of Iran, Introduction - Drainage Basins - Namak Lake|website=www.briancoad.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|156
|[[Pánuco River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|84,956|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|157
|[[Yaqui River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of California || {{convert|74,532|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|158
|[[Susquehanna River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Chesapeake Bay || {{convert|71,200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|159
|[[Winisk River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|67,300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|
|[[Lake Urmia]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot; | Asia || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|51,876|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:578781/FULLTEXT02|title=Agricultural Water Use in Lake Urmia Basin, Iran}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|160
|[[Sittaung River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indian Ocean || {{convert|48,100|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|161
|[[Great Whale River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|42,700|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|162
|[[Leaf River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Ungava Bay || {{convert|42,500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|163
|[[George River (Quebec)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Ungava Bay || {{convert|41,700|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|164
|[[Dead Sea]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|41,650|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|165
|[[Klamath River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|40,632|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|166
|[[Trinity River (Texas)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|40,380|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|167
|[[Potomac River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|38,000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|168
|[[Delaware River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|36,658|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|169
|[[Hudson River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|36,260|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|170
|[[Han River (Korea)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yellow Sea || {{convert|35,770|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|171
|[[Sirhan Valley|Wadi as-Sirhan]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|35,500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|172
|[[Connecticut River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|29,137|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|173
|[[James River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|27,019|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|174
|[[San Pedro Mezquital River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|26,480|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|175
|[[Tone River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|16,840|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|176
|[[River Thames]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || North Sea || {{convert|12,935|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|177
|[[Valley of Mexico]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America|| n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|9,600|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || --&gt;
|}

== Kundivihira ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>k4mzjejjsqdyus0q6h5rbfhop4k7h1l</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>140034</id>
      <parentid>140033</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-12T14:55:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>added databox</comment>
      <origin>140034</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="75952" sha1="8v0v6p6j4m07ch5voljxclxf9wyszmy" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}


[[Image:Ocean drainage.svg|thumb|350px|Major [[continental divide]]s, showing drainage into the major oceans and seas of the world--Drainage basins of the principal oceans and seas of the world. Grey areas are endorheic basins that do not drain to the ocean.]]

Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din deeri kom yuya (shɛba nyɛla ban booni li &quot;catchments&quot; bee North American ni mi li shɛm. Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla teekunima , mɔɣa, Lakenima n ti pahi kulibɔŋ shɛŋa din zaa pahi. Kulibɔŋ kam din galisim gari {{convert|400000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} nyɛla bɛ ni zaŋ shɛli pahi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ig.utexas.edu/research/projects/divide/poster/background1.gif|title=Background|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715185837/http://www.ig.utexas.edu/research/projects/divide/poster/background1.gif|archive-date=15 July 2007|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Basins==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;&quot; 
|- &quot;
! colspan=&quot;8&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [[Continent]] color key
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;|[[Africa]]
| style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;|[[Asia]]
| style=&quot;background:#fcf;&quot;|[[Eurasia|Asia/Europe]]
| style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;|[[Europe]]
| style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;|[[North America]]
| style=&quot;background:#7CFC00;&quot;|[[Australia_(continent)|Australia]]
| style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;|[[South America]]
| style=&quot;background:#d4d4d4;&quot;|[[Antarctica]]
|}
|}
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
! rowspan=2 style=&quot;width:18em;&quot;|Basin
! rowspan=2|Type
! rowspan=2|Continent
! rowspan=2|Drains to
! colspan=2|Basin area
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; rowspan=2| Notes
|-
! km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
! mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
|[[Atlantic Ocean]] || Ocean || Multiple || n/a || {{convert|69800000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||{{refn|group=Note|name=appx|This is an approximate value based on [[GIS|geospatial data]] from the [[USGS]].[https://edc.usgs.gov/products/elevation/gtopo30/hydro/] Approximate values for the area of Greenland and Antarctica were added to this data.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Atlantic&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Largest Drainage Basins In The World |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/largest-drainage-basins-in-the-world.html#:~:text=Largest%20Drainage%20Basins%20in%20the%20World%20%20,%20%2019%2C400%2C000%20%2011%20more%20rows%20 |website=WorldAtlas | date=17 May 2018 |access-date=11 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Arctic Ocean]]|| Ocean || Multiple || n/a || {{convert|23100000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Pacific Ocean]]|| Ocean || Multiple || n/a || {{convert|20300000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Atlantic&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Indian Ocean]]|| Ocean || Multiple || n/a || {{convert|19400000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Southern Ocean]] || Ocean || style=&quot;background:#d4d4d4;&quot;| [[Antarctica]] || n/a || {{convert|14000000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref group=&quot;Note&quot; name=&quot;ant&quot;&gt;The value listed here assumes that the entire continent drains to the ocean, such as through the many [[ice stream]]s, [[outlet glacier]]s, and seasonal [[glacial stream]]s along the coast. However, there are many small endorheic lakes, for example in the [[McMurdo Dry Valleys]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]-[[Black Sea]] system || [[Mediterranean seas|Mediterranean sea]]|| Multiple || Atlantic Ocean &lt;ref group=&quot;Note&quot; name=&quot;drain&quot;&gt;Note that the connection between a [[mediterranean sea (oceanography)|mediterranean sea]] (or a large [[estuary]]) and its parent ocean usually involves simultaneous inflow and outflow in the lower and upper water layers of the connecting channel. Depending on the salinity of the sea, the upper layer may either flow into or out from the ocean; the bottom layer will flow the opposite direction.&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{convert| 7770000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}&lt;!-- 5.34 + 2.43 = 7.77 millions--&gt; || &lt;ref name=CD&gt;{{cite journal | title=Hydrological cycle of the Mediterranean-Black Sea system | author=García-García, D. | journal=[[Climate Dynamics]] | year=2022 | volume=59 | issue=7–8 | pages=1919–1938 | doi=10.1007/s00382-022-06188-2 | bibcode=2022ClDy...59.1919G | s2cid=238770852 |quote=In the continents, the drainage basins discharging into the Mediterranean and Black seas are defined according to the global continental runoff pathways scheme (Oki and Sud 1998), and they cover 5.34 × 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; and 2.43 × 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively| doi-access=free | hdl=10045/121760 | hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Amazon Basin|Amazon River]]|| Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot; |[[South America]] || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|6200000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} 
| &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://netedu.xauat.edu.cn/jpkc/netedu/jpkc2009/szylyybh/content/wlzy/4/Watersheds%20of%20the%20World%202005.pdf|title=Watersheds of the World 2005 |publisher=Water Resources eAtlas|access-date=14 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Gulf of Mexico]] and [[Caribbean Sea]]|| Mediterranean sea || Multiple || Atlantic Ocean &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;drain&quot;/&gt; || {{convert|6200000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Mediterranean Sea]] || Mediterranean sea || Multiple || Atlantic Ocean &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;drain&quot;&gt;Note that the connection between a [[mediterranean sea (oceanography)|mediterranean sea]] (or a large [[estuary]]) and its parent ocean usually involves simultaneous inflow and outflow in the lower and upper water layers of the connecting channel. Depending on the salinity of the sea, the upper layer may either flow into or out from the ocean; the bottom layer will flow the opposite direction.&lt;/ref&gt; || {{convert|5880000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} 
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;7012534000000000000&quot; |2,060,000&lt;ref name=CD/&gt;
|-
|[[Hudson Bay drainage basin]] || Mediterranean sea || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|3861400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} 
||
|-
|[[Congo River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| [[Africa]] || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|3730881|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Caspian Sea]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#fcf;&quot;| Asia/Europe || n/a ([[endorheic basin]]) || {{convert|3626000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Nile|Nile River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Mediterranean Sea || {{convert|3254853|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi-Missouri River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| [[North America]] || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|3202185|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Bay of Bengal]] || Bay || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot; | [[Asia]] || Indian Ocean || {{convert|3200000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}||
|-
|[[Río de la Plata]] || Estuary || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|3170000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=Guerrero97&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Continental Shelf Research|volume=17|issue=7| date=June 1997 |pages=727–742|title=Physical oceanography of the Río de la Plata Estuary, Argentina|author=Raúl A. Guerrero|doi=10.1016/S0278-4343(96)00061-1|display-authors=etal|bibcode=1997CSR....17..727G}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Ob River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| [[Asia]] || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|2982493|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Paraná River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot; | South America || Río de la Plata || {{convert|2582704|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Yenisei River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|2554388|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Chad Basin]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|2497738|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Lena River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|2306743|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Black Sea]]|| Mediterranean sea || style=&quot;background:#fcf;&quot;| Asia/Europe || Mediterranean Sea &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;drain&quot;/&gt; || {{convert|2430000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=CD/&gt;
|-
|[[Niger River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|2261741|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Ganges]]–[[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot; | Asia || Bay of Bengal ||{{convert|1999000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} 
| &lt;ref name=&quot;Arnold2000&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Arnold|first=Guy|title=World strategic highways|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FarwCNdYdmoC&amp;pg=PA223|year=2000|publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis|isbn=978-1-57958-098-8|page=223}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Amur River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|1929955|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Mackenzie River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Beaufort Sea || {{convert|1805200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Rivers |work=The Atlas of Canada |publisher=Natural Resources Canada |url=http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/learningresources/facts/rivers.html |access-date=15 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202064028/http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/learningresources/facts/rivers.html |archive-date=2 February 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Yangtze River]] (Chang Jiang)  || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|1722193|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Baltic Sea]]|| Mediterranean sea || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| [[Europe]]  || Atlantic Ocean &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;drain&quot;/&gt; || {{convert|1700000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Irtysh River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Ob River || {{convert|1673470|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Aral Sea]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia ||  n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|1618750|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Madeira River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|1485218|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Volga River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| [[Europe]] || Caspian Sea || {{convert|1410951|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Persian Gulf]]|| Mediterranean sea || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia  || Indian Ocean &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;drain&quot;/&gt; || {{convert|1400000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[St. Lawrence River|St. Lawrence Estuary]] || Estuary || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Saint Lawrence || {{convert|1344200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Zambezi|Zambezi River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|1332574|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=zamb&gt;[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTAFRICA/Resources/Zambezi_MSIOA_-_Vol_1_-_Summary_Report.pdf The Zambezi River Basin], page 6.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Missouri River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Mississippi River || {{convert|1331810|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || 
|-
|[[Lake Eyre Basin]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#cf6;&quot;| [[Australia]] || n/a (endorheic basin) ||style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1,210,000
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;7012120000000000000&quot; |470,000|| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/water/environmental/rivers/leb.html |title=Map of the Lake Eyre basin |publisher=Environment.gov.au |date=18 February 2011 |access-date=10 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220091502/http://environment.gov.au/water/environmental/rivers/leb.html |archive-date=20 February 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Ganges River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot; | Asia || Bay of Bengal 
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;7012101612400000000&quot; |1,200,000
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|463,322
|&lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot; /&gt;
|-
|[[Paraguay River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Paraná River || {{convert|1095000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Indus River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arabian Sea || {{convert|1081718|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Nelson River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|1072300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;natl-atlas-canada&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title= Canada Drainage Basins |year= 1985 |work= [[Atlas of Canada|The National Atlas of Canada]], 5th edition |publisher= [[Natural Resources Canada]] |url= http://geogratis.gc.ca/api/en/nrcan-rncan/ess-sst/7b309ad9-9398-51d4-89d2-32b3871ec3ab.html |access-date= 24 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Murray-Darling basin]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cf6;&quot;| Australia || Southern Ocean || {{convert|1050116|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[St. Lawrence River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|1049636|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Angara River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yenisei River || {{convert|1039000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;feow&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/yenisei|title=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World|publisher=feow.org|access-date=15 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018122304/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/yenisei|archive-date=18 October 2018|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Lake Chad]] (New Conventional Basin) || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|1035000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;worldlakes&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.worldlakes.org/lakedetails.asp?lakeid=8357|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030926043012/http://www.worldlakes.org/lakedetails.asp?lakeid=8357|url-status=usurped|archive-date=26 September 2003|title=LakeNet - Lakes|publisher=worldlakes.org|access-date=15 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Lake Winnipeg]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Nelson River || {{convert|982900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;natl-atlas-canada&quot; /&gt;
|-
|[[Great Slave Lake]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Mackenzie River || {{convert|976200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Orinoco River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|953675|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Orange River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|941351|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Kasai River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|925172|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Shatt al-Arab]] ([[Tigris]], [[Euphrates]] &amp; [[Karun]]) || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Persian Gulf || {{convert|916200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/3954-tigris-euphrates-delta-and-coastal-watershed-map Tigris Euphrates basin area] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Tarim Basin]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|906500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/583570/Tarim-Basin |title=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Britannica.com |access-date=10 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;!--Watersheds of the World has 1,152,448 km2 --&gt;
|-
|[[North Sea]] || Mediterranean sea || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|850000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Yukon River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Bering Sea || {{convert|839200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Yellow River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|832238|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4371-huang-he-delta-watershed-map Huang He Delta watershed] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=Note|Estimates for the Yellow River basin range from ca. 752,000 km2 (Chinese, English, French, German etc. wikipedia articles, none sourced) to 944,970 km2.&lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;}}
|-
|[[Mekong River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|805604|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
||[[Jubba River|Jubba]]-[[Shebelle River|Shebelle]] basin || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|805100|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;somwe&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.somwe.com/hydropolitics.html|title=Hydropolitics in the Horn of Africa|publisher=somwe.com|access-date=15 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Great Lakes]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America  || St. Lawrence River || {{convert|800114|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Danube River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Black Sea || {{convert|795656|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Syr Darya]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Aral Sea || {{convert|782617|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Tocantins River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|764213|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Ubangi River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|754830|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Aldan River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Lena River || {{convert|729000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kalahari Basin]]/[[Okavango Basin]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|721258|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashton and Neal&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1= Ashton, Peter|author2=Neal, Marian|date=2003 |chapter=An Overview of Key Strategic Issues in the Okavango Basin|chapter-url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/doc/10.1.1.468.8632|title=Transboundary Rivers, Sovereignty and Development: Hydropolitical Drivers in the Okavango River Basin|isbn= 0-620-30497-9 |pages=31–63|publisher=African Water Issues Research Unit |citeseerx=10.1.1.468.8632 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Rio Negro (Amazon)|Rio Negro]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|720114|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kolyma River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|679934|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Columbia River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|671300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Brahmaputra River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Ganges River || {{convert|651335|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} 
|| &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Colorado River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of California || {{convert|637137|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Mamoré River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Madeira River || {{convert|630835|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} &lt;!-- including Guaporé basin--&gt; || &lt;ref name=madeira&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4298-rio-madeira-watersheds-map Madeira river basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Red Sea]]|| Mediterranean sea || [[Afro-Eurasia|Africa/Asia]] || Indian Ocean &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;drain&quot;/&gt; || {{convert|620000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[São Francisco River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|617812|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Slave River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Great Slave Lake || {{convert|616400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Rio Grande]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|607934|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Lake Baikal]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Angara River || {{convert|571000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Songhua River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Amur River || {{convert|554575|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/north-asia/item/4614-amur-river-basin-watersheds-map Amur river basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Chari River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Lake Chad || {{convert|548747|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Amu Darya]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Aral Sea || {{convert|534739|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Euphrates]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Shatt al-Arab || {{convert|532300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1586-middle-euphrates-watersheds-map Lower, Middle] and [http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4838-upper-euphrates-watersheds-map Upper Euphrates river basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Xingu River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|520292|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
| [[Bahr el Ghazal River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Nile || {{convert|520000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Lake Balkhash]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia ||  n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|512015|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Dnieper River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Black Sea || {{convert|511650|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4193-dnieper-river-watersheds-map Dnieper river : Watersheds map] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=Note|Estimates for the Dnieper basin range from 504,000 km2 (most wikipedia pages) to 533,966 km2&lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;}}
|-
|[[Kama River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Volga River || {{convert|507000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Jubba River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|497626|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}|| &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref group=Note&gt;Excluding the Shebelle tributary river basin.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Great Basin]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|492000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Boundary Descriptions and Names of Regions, Subregions, Accounting Units and Cataloging Units |url=https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/huc_name.html |publisher=USGS.gov |access-date=21 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref group=&quot;Note&quot;&gt;The [[Great Basin]] is a set of endorheic drainage basins, the largest being the {{convert|35910|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} basin that drains into the [[Great Salt Lake]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Ohio River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Mississippi River || {{convert|490603|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Nizhnyaya Tunguska River|Lower Tunguska River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yenisei river || {{convert|473000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Vilyuy River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Lena River || {{convert|454000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Pearl River (China)|Pearl River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|453700|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} &lt;!--some sites give 409,458 km2--&gt;||
|-
|[[Tapajós River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|453510|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=tapajos&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1791-tapajos-river-amazon-watershed-map Tapajos basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Selenga River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Lake Baikal || {{convert|445245|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Don River, Russia|Don River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Black Sea || {{convert|443729|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4185-don-river-watersheds-map Don River watershed] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=Note|Official estimates for the Don basin range from 422,000 km2&lt;ref&gt;[http://textual.ru/gvr/index.php?card=170050 Don River] at the State water register of the Russian Federation&lt;/ref&gt; to 458,694 km2.&lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;}}
|-
|[[Arkansas River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Mississippi River || {{convert|435122|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Tobol River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Irtysh River || {{convert|426000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Limpopo River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|421123|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Senegal River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|419575|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Irrawaddy River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indian Ocean || {{convert|413710|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Volta River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|407093|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Colorado River (Argentina)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|373863|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4468-colorado-watersheds-map Colorado watershed] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=Note|Estimates for the Colorado basin range from 294,076 km2&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=v5VHWWrK_SsC&amp;dq=Colorado+River+%28Argentina+basin+km&amp;pg=PA359 River Ecosystem Ecology: A Global Perspective], Gene E. Likens, Academic Press, 29 March 2010, page 359&lt;/ref&gt; to 403,005 km2.&lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;}}
|-
|[[Sistan Basin]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|370000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=sistan&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ir.undp.org/content/dam/iran/docs/News/2014/March%202014/Towards%20a%20solution%20for%20Iran's%20dying%20wetlands/Hamoun%20Wetland/Hamoun%20Wetland%20Baseline%20Situation%20Analysis%202005.pdf |title=Restoration and Sustainable Use of the Shared Sistan Basin |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |date=February 2005 |access-date=18 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;!--notice conflicting data in table 2, page 16 of the same paper--&gt;
|-
|[[Molopo River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Orange River || {{convert|367201|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Yamuna]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Ganges || {{convert|366223|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Uruguay River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Río de la Plata || {{convert|365000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||{{refn|group=Note|365,000 km2 is almost always quoted, though the area is only ca 351,000 km2 according to River Networks. Estimates as low as 297,211 km2&lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt; may perhaps exclude the [[Río Negro (Uruguay)|Rio Negro]] tributary basin.}}
|-
|[[Khatanga River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|364000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Marañón River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|363286|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/3755-rio-maranon-watersheds-map Maraõn basin] at River Networks&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Guaporé River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Mamoré River || {{convert|360534|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=madeira/&gt;
|-
|[[Indigirka River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|360400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Araguaia River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Tocantins River || {{convert|358125|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Northern Dvina]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || White Sea || {{convert|357075|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Xi River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pearl River || {{convert|353100|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Purus River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|352085|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4306-rio-purus-watersheds-map Rio Purus basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Ucayali River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|337519|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Shebelle River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Jubba River || {{convert|336627|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Saskatchewan River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Lake Winnipeg || {{convert|335900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Benue River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Niger River || {{convert|335035|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Parnaíba River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|331643|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4242-rio-poti-watersheds-map Parnaiba Basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=Note|Estimates range from 322,887 km2,&lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt; and 331,565 km2&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt; to 344,112 km2&lt;ref&gt;Ramos, Ramos, &amp; Ramos (2014). ''[http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1676-06032014000100204&amp;script=sci_arttext Ichthyofauna of the Parnaíba river Basin, Northeastern Brazil.]'' Biota Neotrop. 14(1).&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[Blue Nile]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Nile || {{convert|325000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Pechora River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|322000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Hai River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|318200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Godavari River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indian Ocean || {{convert|314829|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/3985-godavari-river-watersheds-map Goodavari River watersheds map] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Peace River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Slave River || {{convert|306000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Panjnad River]] (Chenab &amp; Sutlej) || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indus River || {{convert|300000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} &lt;!--rough estimate; Chenab and Sutlej combined plus a generous 10,000--&gt;||
|-
| [[Baker Lake (Nunavut)|Baker Lake]]/[[Chesterfield Inlet]] || Lake / estuary || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|299000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Stn/B68.html Baker Basin] at [[University of New Hampshire|UNH]]/Global Runoff Data Centre&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|[[Red River of the North]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Lake Winnipeg || {{convert|287500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Churchill River (Hudson Bay)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|281300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Neva River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Baltic Sea || {{convert|281000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Taz Estuary]] || Estuary || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|262000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Snake River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Columbia River || {{convert|278450|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Liard River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Mackenzie River || {{convert|277100|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Lake Athabasca]]-[[Rivière des Rochers]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Slave River || {{convert|274540|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || 
|-
|[[Salween River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indian Ocean || {{convert|271888|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;{{refn|group=Note|Rivers Network calculated an area of 266,354 km2.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/2886-upper-salween-river-nu-river-watersheds-map Upper Salween] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt; Often-mentioned areas of ca 324,000 km2 are clearly too high.}}
|-
|[[Lukuga River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|270900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Luvua River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|265300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kwango River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Kasai River || {{convert|263400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Desaguadero River (Argentina)|Desaguadero River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Colorado River || {{convert|260000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Bolsón de Mapimí|Mapimí]]-[[Llanos el Salado|Salado]] basin || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|260000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;!-- seems a bit much; and are these not two different basins?--&gt;
|-
|[[Krishna River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indian Ocean || {{convert|258948|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Magdalena River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|257438|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Dongting Lake]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yangtze River || {{convert|257000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Water Science and Engineering|volume=10|issue=4|date=October 2017|title=Flood management of Dongting Lake after operation of Three Gorges Dam|author=Xi-jun Lai|author2=Zi-ming Wang|page=303 |doi=10.1016/j.wse.2017.12.005 |bibcode=2017WSEng..10..303L |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Japurá River|Japurá/Caquetá River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|255700|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Nen River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Songhua River || {{convert|252100|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} &lt;!--290,570 km2 including the Huolin River basin, which has an unclear ending (Chagan Lake) near the junction of Nen and Songhua --&gt; || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/north-asia/item/4614-amur-river-basin-watersheds-map Amur river basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
|[[Oka River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Volga || {{convert|245000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || North Sea || {{convert|240000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Podkamennaya Tunguska River|Stony Tunguska River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yenisei river || {{convert|240000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Beni River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Madeira River || {{convert|239825|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} &lt;!--including the Madre de Dios basin--&gt;|| &lt;ref name=madeira/&gt;
|-
|[[Lake Victoria]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Nile River || {{convert|238900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Yana River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|238000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Lake Tanganyika]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Lukuga River || {{convert|236300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Sangha River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|233740|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/central-africa/itemlist/category/1029 Sangha Basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Fraser River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|233100|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Zeya River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Amur River || {{convert|233000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Liao River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|232200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ural River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#fcf;&quot;| Asia/Europe || Caspian Sea || {{convert|231000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Juruá River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|225828|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Sobat River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Nile River || {{convert|225000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Vitim River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Lena River || {{convert|225000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ogooué River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|223856|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Tigris River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Shatt al-Arab || {{convert|221400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1587-middle-tigris-watersheds-map Lower, Middle] and [http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4839-upper-tigris-watersheds-map Upper Tigris river basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Platte River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Missouri River || {{convert|219916|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Olenyok River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|219000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Olyokma River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Lena River || {{convert|210000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Shilka River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Amur River || {{convert|206000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Rufiji River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|204450|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/246-rufiji-river-basin Rufiji river basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Kura (Caspian Sea)|Kura River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Caspian Sea || {{convert|198300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Vaal River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Orange River || {{convert|196438|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Vistula]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Baltic Sea || {{convert|194424|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ussuri River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Amur River || {{convert|193000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Juruena River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Tapajos River || {{convert|191030|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=tapajos/&gt;
|-
|[[Anadyr River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Bering Sea || {{convert|191000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Branco River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Rio Negro || {{convert|189925|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ishim River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Irtysh River || {{convert|189000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Rhine]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || North Sea || {{convert|185300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Yobe River|Komadugu-Yobe River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Lake Chad || {{convert|183009|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/598-hadedja-jamaare-komadugu-basin-lake-chad-watershed-map Hadedja - Jama'are - Komadugu Basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Assiniboine River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Red River || {{convert|182000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Pyasina River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pyasina Gulf || {{convert|182000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Yellowstone River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Missouri River || {{convert|181000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Uyandina River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indigirka River || {{convert|176000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kotuy River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Khatanga River || {{convert|176000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Chenab River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Panjnad River || {{convert|176000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1472-chenab-river-watersheds-map Chenab river basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
|[[Hanshui|Han River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yangtze River || {{convert|174300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Huai River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yangtze River || {{convert|174000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Tshuapa River|Tshuapa/Ruki River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|173800|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Maya River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Aldan River || {{convert|171000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Salado River (Buenos Aires)|Salado River]] (Buenos Aires) || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|170000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Red River of the South]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Mississippi River || {{convert|169890|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Red River (Asia)|Red River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Gulf of Tonkin || {{convert|169000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035136/http://www.redriverprogram.com/en/introduction-of-the-red-river-basin/ Red River Basin]}} page at redriverprogram.com&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Cuvelai River]]-[[Cuvelai-Etosha Basin|Etosha Basin]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|166649|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;waterdiplomacy&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://aquapedia.waterdiplomacy.org/wiki/index.php?title=Cuvelai_River-Etosha_Pan_Basin|title=Cuvelai River-Etosha Pan Basin - AquaPedia Case Study Database|publisher=aquapedia.waterdiplomacy.org|access-date=15 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Chesapeake Bay]] || Estuary || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|166534|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Helmand River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Sistan Basin || {{convert|166000 |km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=sistan/&gt;
|-
|[[Argun River (Asia)|Argun / Hailar River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Amur River || {{convert|164000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Chao Phraya River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Gulf of Thailand || {{convert|160400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Hulun Lake]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Amur River / endorheic || {{convert|160335|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=&quot;Note&quot;&gt;Combined drainage area of [[Kherlen River]] (103709 km2) &amp; Orxon Rivers (56626 km2) [http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1612-upper-amur-river-watersheds-map]. &quot;In years with high precipitation, the normally exit−less endorheic lake may overflow at its northern shore.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Jialing River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yangtze River || {{convert|160000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Luangwa River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Zambezi River || {{convert|159615|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=zamb/&gt;
|-
|[[Tisza]] River || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Danube || {{convert|157186|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Turgai River|Torgay/Turgai River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|157000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Mbomou River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Ubangi River || {{convert|156950|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Great Bear River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Mackenzie River || {{convert|156500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kafue River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Zambezi River || {{convert|155805|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=zamb/&gt;
|-
|[[Kansas River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Missouri River || {{convert|155695|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ruvuma River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|155500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Essequibo River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|154186|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || San Francisco Bay || {{convert|153000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ruo Shui]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Endorheic basin || {{convert|152606|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Xin |title=Hydrological Cycle in the Heihe River Basin and Its Implication for Water Resource Management in Endorheic Basins |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |volume= 123|issue= 2|pages= 890–914|doi=10.1002/2017JD027889|year=2018 |bibcode=2018JGRD..123..890L |s2cid=133846912 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Sankuru River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Kasai River || {{convert|151112|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/central-africa/itemlist/category/1024 Sankuru basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Atbarah River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Nile || {{convert|150000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=&quot;Note&quot;&gt;Very rough estimate. Upper river's drainage area, including the Tekezé river is 120,430 km2 [http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1083-blue-nile-river-watersheds-map], lower drainage area is probably not as much as 69,572 km2 [http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/3820-lower-nile-river-watersheds-map], as that includes much surrounding dessert.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Taz River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Taz Estuary || {{convert|150000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Tietê River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Paraná River || {{convert|150000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Cuanza River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|149688|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Shire River]] ([[Lake Malawi]]) || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Zambezi River || {{convert|149159|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=zamb/&gt;
|-
|[[Elbe]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || North Sea || {{convert|148268|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Putumayo River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|148000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Bani River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Niger River || {{convert|146570|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4666-niger-watersheds-map Niger watershed maps] at river networks. The often quoted 101,600 km2 is the basin upstream of [[Douna]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Ottawa River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || St. Lawrence River || {{convert|146300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[South Saskatchewan River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Saskatchewan River || {{convert|146100|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Lake Titicaca]]-[[Desaguadero River (Bolivia)|Desaguadero River]]-[[Lake Poopó]] System|| Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;|[[South America]] || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|144590|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Role of Hydrological Studies for the Development of the TDPS System|first1=Claudia|last1=Canedo|first2=Ramiro|last2=Pillco Zolá|first3=Ronny|last3=Berndtsson|date=12 April 2016|journal=Water|volume=8|issue=4|pages=144|doi=10.3390/w8040144|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Chambal River]]  || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yamuna River || {{convert|143219|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Rio Grande (Paraná River)]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Paraná River || {{convert|143000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Fitzroy River (Queensland)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cf6;&quot;| Australia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|142665|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Thelon River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Baker Lake || {{convert|142400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Belaya River (Kama)|Belaya River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Kama River || {{convert|142000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Iriri River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Xingu River || {{convert|141745|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/3686-rio-xingu-watershed-map Rio Xingu watershed map] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Teles Pires]] River || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Tapajos River || {{convert|141620|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=tapajos/&gt;
|-
|[[Mahanadi River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indian Ocean || {{convert|141600|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ili River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Lake Balkhash || {{convert|140000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} 
|-
|[[Sanaga River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|140000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.internationalrivers.org/files/attached-files/irbm_sanaga.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=20 March 2016 |archive-date=1 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401013048/https://www.internationalrivers.org/files/attached-files/irbm_sanaga.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Min River (Sichuan)]]  || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yangtze River || {{convert|140000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Guaviare River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Orinoco River || {{convert|138447|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1634-guaviare-river-watersheds-map Guaviare river basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Pibor River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Sobat River || {{convert|137130|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lehner |first=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008eo100001 |issn=0096-3941|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Grande de Santiago River|Santiago]]-[[Lerma River|Lerma]] basin || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|136628|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Apure River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Orinoco River || {{convert|136152|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1632-apure-river-watersheds-map Apure river basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Winnipeg River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Lake Winnipeg || {{convert|135800|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Albany River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|135200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Wei River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yellow River || {{convert|135000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Grijalva River|Grijalva]]-[[Usumacinta River|Usumacinta]] basin || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|134400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Chulym River (Ob River)|Chulym River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Ob River || {{convert|134000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Lukenie River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|133432|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/central-africa/itemlist/category/1022 Lukenie Basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Koksoak River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Ungava Bay || {{convert|133400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Orkhon River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Selenga River || {{convert|132835|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Uele River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Ubangi River || {{convert|131856|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/central-africa/itemlist/category/1030 Uele Basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Tambo River (Peru)|Tambo]]-[[Ene River|Ene]]-[[Apurímac River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Ucayali River || {{convert|131460|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1792-rio-ucayali-watersheds-map Ucayali river basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Lake Turkana]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|130860|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Aripuanã River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Madeira River || {{convert|130340|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=madeira/&gt;
|-
|[[Malagarasi River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Lake Tanganyika || {{convert|130000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Mar Chiquita Lake (Córdoba)|Mar Chiquita]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|129715|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/north-america/itemlist/category/405-mar-chiquita Mar Chiquita Watershed] at riversnetwork.org&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Burdekin River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cf6;&quot;| Australia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|129700|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Vyatka River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Kama River || {{convert|129000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Yalong River]]  || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yangtze River || {{convert|128444|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Taseyeva River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Angara River || {{convert|128000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ghaghara|Ghaghara / Karnali River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Ganges River || {{convert|127950|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Trombetas River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|127643|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4302-lower-amazon-watersheds-map Lower Amazon watershed] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Tana River (Kenya)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|126026|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Madre de Dios River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Beni River || {{convert|125287|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=madeira/&gt;
|-
|[[Green River (Colorado River)|Green River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Colorado River || {{convert|124578|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kuskokwim River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Bering Sea || {{convert|124319|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Salado River (Argentina)|Salado River]] (Argentina) || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Paraná River || {{convert|124199|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
| [[Taymyr River]] || Primary river ||  style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Kara Sea || {{convert|124000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Canadian River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Arkansas River || {{convert|123221|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Aruwimi River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|122853|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/central-africa/itemlist/category/1032 Aruwimi Basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[North Saskatchewan River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Saskatchewan River || {{convert|122800|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Prypiat River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Dnieper|| {{convert|121840|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Vychegda River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Northern Dvina|| {{convert|121000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Mun River]]  || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Mekong River || {{convert|119180|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Oder]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Baltic Sea || {{convert|118861|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Porcupine River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Yukon River || {{convert|117900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Loire]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|117000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Lomami River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|116209|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/central-africa/itemlist/category/1026 Lomami Basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Brazos River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|116000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Mobile River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|115000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Pecos River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Rio Grande || {{convert|115000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Pilcomayo River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Paraguay River || {{convert|114402|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=parag&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4027-rio-paraguay-watersheds-map Rio Paraguay watersheds map] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Sutlej River]]  || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indus River || {{convert|114343|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1271-sutlej-river-watersheds-map Sutlej river basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
|[[Panj River]]  || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Amu Darya River || {{convert|114000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Tanana River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Yukon River || {{convert|114000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Cuando River|Kwando/Chobe River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Zambezi River || {{convert|113393|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=zamb/&gt;
|-
|[[Omolon River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Kolyma River || {{convert|113000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Uchur River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Aldan River || {{convert|113000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Balsas River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|112320|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Pur River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Taz Estuary || {{convert|112000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Pranhita River]]  || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Godavari River || {{convert|109078|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Flinders River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cf6;&quot;| Australia || Gulf of Carpentaria || {{convert|109000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Moose River (Ontario)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|108500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Hayes River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|108000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Anyuy River (Sakha)]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Kolyma River || {{convert|107000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Bermejo River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Paraguay River || {{convert|106924|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=parag/&gt;
|-
|[[Cunene River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|106560|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Back River (Nunavut)|Back River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|106500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Save River (Africa)|Save River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|106420|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Tennessee River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Ohio River || {{convert|105868|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Aras River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Kura River || {{convert|104785|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Bahr Aouk River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Chari River || {{convert|103577|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1737700.html|title=Chari - Golongosso|website=www.grdc.sr.unh.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Wabash River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Ohio River || {{convert|103500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Colorado River (Texas)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|103300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Severn River (northern Ontario)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|102800|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Chindwin River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Irrawaddy River || {{convert|102783|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1568-chindwin-river-watershed-map|title=Chindwin river : Watershed map}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Napo River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|102190|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/3751-rio-napo-watersheds-map|title=rio Napo : Watersheds map}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Río Negro (Argentina)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|102000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Logone River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Chari River || {{convert|101481|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/2041-chari-logone-rivers-watersheds-map Chari-Logone rivers watershed mapes] at rivers networks.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Anabar River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|100000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Barito River]] (Borneo) || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa&quot;| [[Asia]] || Java Sea || {{convert|100000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kheta River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Khatanga River || {{convert|100000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Markha River (Vilyuy)|Markha River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Vilyuy River || {{convert|99900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Donets]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Don River || {{convert|98900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Narmada River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa&quot;| [[Asia]] || Arabian Sea || {{convert|98800|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kapuas River]] (Borneo) || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa&quot;| [[Asia]] || South China Sea || {{convert|98749|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Rhône]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Mediterranean Sea || {{convert|98556|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Bandama River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|98500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Northern Sosva River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Ob River || {{convert|98300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Neman (river)|Neman]] River || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Baltic Sea || {{convert|97864|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[La Grande River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || James Bay || {{convert|97600|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Douro|Douro / Duero]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|97502|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Xiang River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Lake Dongting || {{convert|96400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Onon (river)|Onon]] River || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Shilka River || {{convert|96200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Sava]] River || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Danube || {{convert|95419|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Athabasca River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Lake Athabasca || {{convert|95300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
&lt;!-- need to cut it off somewhere; 100,000 km2 allowing 5,000 km2 error
|-
|[[Brahmani River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot; | Asia || Indian Ocean || {{convert|39,033|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Penobscot River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|22200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Penobscot River Watershed |url=https://www.regions.noaa.gov/north-atlantic/index.php/penobscot-river-watershed/ |website=NOAA}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[Caroní River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Orinoco River || {{convert|91,647|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/2904-caroni-river-watersheds-map Caroní river basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|155
|[[Namak Lake]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot; | Asia || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|87,600|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.briancoad.com/introduction/namaklakebasin.htm|title=Freshwater Fishes of Iran, Introduction - Drainage Basins - Namak Lake|website=www.briancoad.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|156
|[[Pánuco River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|84,956|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|157
|[[Yaqui River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of California || {{convert|74,532|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|158
|[[Susquehanna River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Chesapeake Bay || {{convert|71,200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|159
|[[Winisk River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|67,300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|
|[[Lake Urmia]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot; | Asia || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|51,876|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:578781/FULLTEXT02|title=Agricultural Water Use in Lake Urmia Basin, Iran}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|160
|[[Sittaung River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indian Ocean || {{convert|48,100|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|161
|[[Great Whale River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|42,700|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|162
|[[Leaf River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Ungava Bay || {{convert|42,500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|163
|[[George River (Quebec)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Ungava Bay || {{convert|41,700|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|164
|[[Dead Sea]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|41,650|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|165
|[[Klamath River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|40,632|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|166
|[[Trinity River (Texas)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|40,380|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|167
|[[Potomac River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|38,000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|168
|[[Delaware River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|36,658|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|169
|[[Hudson River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|36,260|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|170
|[[Han River (Korea)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yellow Sea || {{convert|35,770|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|171
|[[Sirhan Valley|Wadi as-Sirhan]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|35,500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|172
|[[Connecticut River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|29,137|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|173
|[[James River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|27,019|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|174
|[[San Pedro Mezquital River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|26,480|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|175
|[[Tone River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|16,840|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|176
|[[River Thames]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || North Sea || {{convert|12,935|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|177
|[[Valley of Mexico]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America|| n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|9,600|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || --&gt;
|}

== Kundivihira ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>8v0v6p6j4m07ch5voljxclxf9wyszmy</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>140035</id>
      <parentid>140034</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-12T14:56:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kundivihira */ Updated Content</comment>
      <origin>140035</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="75949" sha1="7m9b8mx5mzn6y3klt05awri794dadzq" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}


[[Image:Ocean drainage.svg|thumb|350px|Major [[continental divide]]s, showing drainage into the major oceans and seas of the world--Drainage basins of the principal oceans and seas of the world. Grey areas are endorheic basins that do not drain to the ocean.]]

Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛŋa din deeri kom yuya (shɛba nyɛla ban booni li &quot;catchments&quot; bee North American ni mi li shɛm. Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla teekunima , mɔɣa, Lakenima n ti pahi kulibɔŋ shɛŋa din zaa pahi. Kulibɔŋ kam din galisim gari {{convert|400000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} nyɛla bɛ ni zaŋ shɛli pahi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ig.utexas.edu/research/projects/divide/poster/background1.gif|title=Background|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715185837/http://www.ig.utexas.edu/research/projects/divide/poster/background1.gif|archive-date=15 July 2007|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Basins==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;&quot; 
|- &quot;
! colspan=&quot;8&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [[Continent]] color key
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;|[[Africa]]
| style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;|[[Asia]]
| style=&quot;background:#fcf;&quot;|[[Eurasia|Asia/Europe]]
| style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;|[[Europe]]
| style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;|[[North America]]
| style=&quot;background:#7CFC00;&quot;|[[Australia_(continent)|Australia]]
| style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;|[[South America]]
| style=&quot;background:#d4d4d4;&quot;|[[Antarctica]]
|}
|}
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
! rowspan=2 style=&quot;width:18em;&quot;|Basin
! rowspan=2|Type
! rowspan=2|Continent
! rowspan=2|Drains to
! colspan=2|Basin area
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; rowspan=2| Notes
|-
! km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
! mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
|[[Atlantic Ocean]] || Ocean || Multiple || n/a || {{convert|69800000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||{{refn|group=Note|name=appx|This is an approximate value based on [[GIS|geospatial data]] from the [[USGS]].[https://edc.usgs.gov/products/elevation/gtopo30/hydro/] Approximate values for the area of Greenland and Antarctica were added to this data.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Atlantic&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Largest Drainage Basins In The World |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/largest-drainage-basins-in-the-world.html#:~:text=Largest%20Drainage%20Basins%20in%20the%20World%20%20,%20%2019%2C400%2C000%20%2011%20more%20rows%20 |website=WorldAtlas | date=17 May 2018 |access-date=11 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Arctic Ocean]]|| Ocean || Multiple || n/a || {{convert|23100000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Pacific Ocean]]|| Ocean || Multiple || n/a || {{convert|20300000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Atlantic&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Indian Ocean]]|| Ocean || Multiple || n/a || {{convert|19400000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Southern Ocean]] || Ocean || style=&quot;background:#d4d4d4;&quot;| [[Antarctica]] || n/a || {{convert|14000000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref group=&quot;Note&quot; name=&quot;ant&quot;&gt;The value listed here assumes that the entire continent drains to the ocean, such as through the many [[ice stream]]s, [[outlet glacier]]s, and seasonal [[glacial stream]]s along the coast. However, there are many small endorheic lakes, for example in the [[McMurdo Dry Valleys]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]-[[Black Sea]] system || [[Mediterranean seas|Mediterranean sea]]|| Multiple || Atlantic Ocean &lt;ref group=&quot;Note&quot; name=&quot;drain&quot;&gt;Note that the connection between a [[mediterranean sea (oceanography)|mediterranean sea]] (or a large [[estuary]]) and its parent ocean usually involves simultaneous inflow and outflow in the lower and upper water layers of the connecting channel. Depending on the salinity of the sea, the upper layer may either flow into or out from the ocean; the bottom layer will flow the opposite direction.&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{convert| 7770000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}&lt;!-- 5.34 + 2.43 = 7.77 millions--&gt; || &lt;ref name=CD&gt;{{cite journal | title=Hydrological cycle of the Mediterranean-Black Sea system | author=García-García, D. | journal=[[Climate Dynamics]] | year=2022 | volume=59 | issue=7–8 | pages=1919–1938 | doi=10.1007/s00382-022-06188-2 | bibcode=2022ClDy...59.1919G | s2cid=238770852 |quote=In the continents, the drainage basins discharging into the Mediterranean and Black seas are defined according to the global continental runoff pathways scheme (Oki and Sud 1998), and they cover 5.34 × 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; and 2.43 × 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively| doi-access=free | hdl=10045/121760 | hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Amazon Basin|Amazon River]]|| Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot; |[[South America]] || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|6200000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} 
| &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://netedu.xauat.edu.cn/jpkc/netedu/jpkc2009/szylyybh/content/wlzy/4/Watersheds%20of%20the%20World%202005.pdf|title=Watersheds of the World 2005 |publisher=Water Resources eAtlas|access-date=14 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Gulf of Mexico]] and [[Caribbean Sea]]|| Mediterranean sea || Multiple || Atlantic Ocean &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;drain&quot;/&gt; || {{convert|6200000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Mediterranean Sea]] || Mediterranean sea || Multiple || Atlantic Ocean &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;drain&quot;&gt;Note that the connection between a [[mediterranean sea (oceanography)|mediterranean sea]] (or a large [[estuary]]) and its parent ocean usually involves simultaneous inflow and outflow in the lower and upper water layers of the connecting channel. Depending on the salinity of the sea, the upper layer may either flow into or out from the ocean; the bottom layer will flow the opposite direction.&lt;/ref&gt; || {{convert|5880000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} 
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;7012534000000000000&quot; |2,060,000&lt;ref name=CD/&gt;
|-
|[[Hudson Bay drainage basin]] || Mediterranean sea || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|3861400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} 
||
|-
|[[Congo River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| [[Africa]] || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|3730881|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Caspian Sea]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#fcf;&quot;| Asia/Europe || n/a ([[endorheic basin]]) || {{convert|3626000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Nile|Nile River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Mediterranean Sea || {{convert|3254853|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi-Missouri River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| [[North America]] || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|3202185|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Bay of Bengal]] || Bay || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot; | [[Asia]] || Indian Ocean || {{convert|3200000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}||
|-
|[[Río de la Plata]] || Estuary || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|3170000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=Guerrero97&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Continental Shelf Research|volume=17|issue=7| date=June 1997 |pages=727–742|title=Physical oceanography of the Río de la Plata Estuary, Argentina|author=Raúl A. Guerrero|doi=10.1016/S0278-4343(96)00061-1|display-authors=etal|bibcode=1997CSR....17..727G}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Ob River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| [[Asia]] || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|2982493|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Paraná River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot; | South America || Río de la Plata || {{convert|2582704|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Yenisei River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|2554388|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Chad Basin]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|2497738|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Lena River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|2306743|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Black Sea]]|| Mediterranean sea || style=&quot;background:#fcf;&quot;| Asia/Europe || Mediterranean Sea &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;drain&quot;/&gt; || {{convert|2430000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=CD/&gt;
|-
|[[Niger River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|2261741|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Ganges]]–[[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot; | Asia || Bay of Bengal ||{{convert|1999000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} 
| &lt;ref name=&quot;Arnold2000&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Arnold|first=Guy|title=World strategic highways|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FarwCNdYdmoC&amp;pg=PA223|year=2000|publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis|isbn=978-1-57958-098-8|page=223}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Amur River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|1929955|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Mackenzie River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Beaufort Sea || {{convert|1805200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Rivers |work=The Atlas of Canada |publisher=Natural Resources Canada |url=http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/learningresources/facts/rivers.html |access-date=15 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202064028/http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/learningresources/facts/rivers.html |archive-date=2 February 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Yangtze River]] (Chang Jiang)  || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|1722193|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Baltic Sea]]|| Mediterranean sea || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| [[Europe]]  || Atlantic Ocean &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;drain&quot;/&gt; || {{convert|1700000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Irtysh River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Ob River || {{convert|1673470|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Aral Sea]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia ||  n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|1618750|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Madeira River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|1485218|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Volga River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| [[Europe]] || Caspian Sea || {{convert|1410951|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Persian Gulf]]|| Mediterranean sea || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia  || Indian Ocean &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;drain&quot;/&gt; || {{convert|1400000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[St. Lawrence River|St. Lawrence Estuary]] || Estuary || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Saint Lawrence || {{convert|1344200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Zambezi|Zambezi River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|1332574|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=zamb&gt;[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTAFRICA/Resources/Zambezi_MSIOA_-_Vol_1_-_Summary_Report.pdf The Zambezi River Basin], page 6.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Missouri River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Mississippi River || {{convert|1331810|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || 
|-
|[[Lake Eyre Basin]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#cf6;&quot;| [[Australia]] || n/a (endorheic basin) ||style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1,210,000
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;7012120000000000000&quot; |470,000|| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/water/environmental/rivers/leb.html |title=Map of the Lake Eyre basin |publisher=Environment.gov.au |date=18 February 2011 |access-date=10 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220091502/http://environment.gov.au/water/environmental/rivers/leb.html |archive-date=20 February 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Ganges River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot; | Asia || Bay of Bengal 
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;7012101612400000000&quot; |1,200,000
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|463,322
|&lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot; /&gt;
|-
|[[Paraguay River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Paraná River || {{convert|1095000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Indus River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arabian Sea || {{convert|1081718|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Nelson River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|1072300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;natl-atlas-canada&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title= Canada Drainage Basins |year= 1985 |work= [[Atlas of Canada|The National Atlas of Canada]], 5th edition |publisher= [[Natural Resources Canada]] |url= http://geogratis.gc.ca/api/en/nrcan-rncan/ess-sst/7b309ad9-9398-51d4-89d2-32b3871ec3ab.html |access-date= 24 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Murray-Darling basin]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cf6;&quot;| Australia || Southern Ocean || {{convert|1050116|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[St. Lawrence River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|1049636|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Angara River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yenisei River || {{convert|1039000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;feow&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/yenisei|title=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World|publisher=feow.org|access-date=15 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018122304/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/yenisei|archive-date=18 October 2018|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Lake Chad]] (New Conventional Basin) || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|1035000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;worldlakes&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.worldlakes.org/lakedetails.asp?lakeid=8357|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030926043012/http://www.worldlakes.org/lakedetails.asp?lakeid=8357|url-status=usurped|archive-date=26 September 2003|title=LakeNet - Lakes|publisher=worldlakes.org|access-date=15 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Lake Winnipeg]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Nelson River || {{convert|982900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;natl-atlas-canada&quot; /&gt;
|-
|[[Great Slave Lake]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Mackenzie River || {{convert|976200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Orinoco River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|953675|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Orange River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|941351|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Kasai River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|925172|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Shatt al-Arab]] ([[Tigris]], [[Euphrates]] &amp; [[Karun]]) || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Persian Gulf || {{convert|916200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/3954-tigris-euphrates-delta-and-coastal-watershed-map Tigris Euphrates basin area] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Tarim Basin]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|906500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/583570/Tarim-Basin |title=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Britannica.com |access-date=10 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;!--Watersheds of the World has 1,152,448 km2 --&gt;
|-
|[[North Sea]] || Mediterranean sea || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|850000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Yukon River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Bering Sea || {{convert|839200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Yellow River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|832238|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4371-huang-he-delta-watershed-map Huang He Delta watershed] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=Note|Estimates for the Yellow River basin range from ca. 752,000 km2 (Chinese, English, French, German etc. wikipedia articles, none sourced) to 944,970 km2.&lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;}}
|-
|[[Mekong River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|805604|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
||[[Jubba River|Jubba]]-[[Shebelle River|Shebelle]] basin || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|805100|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;somwe&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.somwe.com/hydropolitics.html|title=Hydropolitics in the Horn of Africa|publisher=somwe.com|access-date=15 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Great Lakes]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America  || St. Lawrence River || {{convert|800114|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Danube River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Black Sea || {{convert|795656|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Syr Darya]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Aral Sea || {{convert|782617|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Tocantins River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|764213|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Ubangi River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|754830|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Aldan River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Lena River || {{convert|729000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kalahari Basin]]/[[Okavango Basin]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|721258|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashton and Neal&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1= Ashton, Peter|author2=Neal, Marian|date=2003 |chapter=An Overview of Key Strategic Issues in the Okavango Basin|chapter-url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/doc/10.1.1.468.8632|title=Transboundary Rivers, Sovereignty and Development: Hydropolitical Drivers in the Okavango River Basin|isbn= 0-620-30497-9 |pages=31–63|publisher=African Water Issues Research Unit |citeseerx=10.1.1.468.8632 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Rio Negro (Amazon)|Rio Negro]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|720114|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kolyma River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|679934|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Columbia River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|671300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Brahmaputra River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Ganges River || {{convert|651335|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} 
|| &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Colorado River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of California || {{convert|637137|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Mamoré River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Madeira River || {{convert|630835|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} &lt;!-- including Guaporé basin--&gt; || &lt;ref name=madeira&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4298-rio-madeira-watersheds-map Madeira river basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Red Sea]]|| Mediterranean sea || [[Afro-Eurasia|Africa/Asia]] || Indian Ocean &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;drain&quot;/&gt; || {{convert|620000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=Note name=&quot;appx&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[São Francisco River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|617812|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Slave River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Great Slave Lake || {{convert|616400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Rio Grande]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|607934|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Lake Baikal]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Angara River || {{convert|571000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Songhua River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Amur River || {{convert|554575|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/north-asia/item/4614-amur-river-basin-watersheds-map Amur river basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Chari River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Lake Chad || {{convert|548747|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Amu Darya]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Aral Sea || {{convert|534739|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Euphrates]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Shatt al-Arab || {{convert|532300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1586-middle-euphrates-watersheds-map Lower, Middle] and [http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4838-upper-euphrates-watersheds-map Upper Euphrates river basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Xingu River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|520292|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
| [[Bahr el Ghazal River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Nile || {{convert|520000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Lake Balkhash]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia ||  n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|512015|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Dnieper River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Black Sea || {{convert|511650|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4193-dnieper-river-watersheds-map Dnieper river : Watersheds map] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=Note|Estimates for the Dnieper basin range from 504,000 km2 (most wikipedia pages) to 533,966 km2&lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;}}
|-
|[[Kama River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Volga River || {{convert|507000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Jubba River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|497626|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}|| &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref group=Note&gt;Excluding the Shebelle tributary river basin.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Great Basin]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|492000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Boundary Descriptions and Names of Regions, Subregions, Accounting Units and Cataloging Units |url=https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/huc_name.html |publisher=USGS.gov |access-date=21 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref group=&quot;Note&quot;&gt;The [[Great Basin]] is a set of endorheic drainage basins, the largest being the {{convert|35910|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} basin that drains into the [[Great Salt Lake]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Ohio River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Mississippi River || {{convert|490603|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Nizhnyaya Tunguska River|Lower Tunguska River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yenisei river || {{convert|473000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Vilyuy River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Lena River || {{convert|454000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Pearl River (China)|Pearl River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|453700|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} &lt;!--some sites give 409,458 km2--&gt;||
|-
|[[Tapajós River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|453510|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=tapajos&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1791-tapajos-river-amazon-watershed-map Tapajos basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Selenga River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Lake Baikal || {{convert|445245|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Don River, Russia|Don River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Black Sea || {{convert|443729|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4185-don-river-watersheds-map Don River watershed] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=Note|Official estimates for the Don basin range from 422,000 km2&lt;ref&gt;[http://textual.ru/gvr/index.php?card=170050 Don River] at the State water register of the Russian Federation&lt;/ref&gt; to 458,694 km2.&lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;}}
|-
|[[Arkansas River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Mississippi River || {{convert|435122|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Tobol River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Irtysh River || {{convert|426000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Limpopo River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|421123|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Senegal River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|419575|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Irrawaddy River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indian Ocean || {{convert|413710|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Volta River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|407093|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Colorado River (Argentina)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|373863|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4468-colorado-watersheds-map Colorado watershed] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=Note|Estimates for the Colorado basin range from 294,076 km2&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=v5VHWWrK_SsC&amp;dq=Colorado+River+%28Argentina+basin+km&amp;pg=PA359 River Ecosystem Ecology: A Global Perspective], Gene E. Likens, Academic Press, 29 March 2010, page 359&lt;/ref&gt; to 403,005 km2.&lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;}}
|-
|[[Sistan Basin]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|370000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=sistan&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ir.undp.org/content/dam/iran/docs/News/2014/March%202014/Towards%20a%20solution%20for%20Iran's%20dying%20wetlands/Hamoun%20Wetland/Hamoun%20Wetland%20Baseline%20Situation%20Analysis%202005.pdf |title=Restoration and Sustainable Use of the Shared Sistan Basin |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |date=February 2005 |access-date=18 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;!--notice conflicting data in table 2, page 16 of the same paper--&gt;
|-
|[[Molopo River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Orange River || {{convert|367201|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Yamuna]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Ganges || {{convert|366223|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Uruguay River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Río de la Plata || {{convert|365000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||{{refn|group=Note|365,000 km2 is almost always quoted, though the area is only ca 351,000 km2 according to River Networks. Estimates as low as 297,211 km2&lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt; may perhaps exclude the [[Río Negro (Uruguay)|Rio Negro]] tributary basin.}}
|-
|[[Khatanga River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|364000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Marañón River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|363286|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/3755-rio-maranon-watersheds-map Maraõn basin] at River Networks&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Guaporé River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Mamoré River || {{convert|360534|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=madeira/&gt;
|-
|[[Indigirka River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|360400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Araguaia River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Tocantins River || {{convert|358125|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Northern Dvina]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || White Sea || {{convert|357075|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Xi River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pearl River || {{convert|353100|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Purus River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|352085|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4306-rio-purus-watersheds-map Rio Purus basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Ucayali River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|337519|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Shebelle River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Jubba River || {{convert|336627|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Saskatchewan River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Lake Winnipeg || {{convert|335900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Benue River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Niger River || {{convert|335035|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Parnaíba River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|331643|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4242-rio-poti-watersheds-map Parnaiba Basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=Note|Estimates range from 322,887 km2,&lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt; and 331,565 km2&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt; to 344,112 km2&lt;ref&gt;Ramos, Ramos, &amp; Ramos (2014). ''[http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1676-06032014000100204&amp;script=sci_arttext Ichthyofauna of the Parnaíba river Basin, Northeastern Brazil.]'' Biota Neotrop. 14(1).&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
|[[Blue Nile]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Nile || {{convert|325000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Pechora River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|322000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Hai River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|318200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Godavari River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indian Ocean || {{convert|314829|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/3985-godavari-river-watersheds-map Goodavari River watersheds map] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Peace River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Slave River || {{convert|306000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Panjnad River]] (Chenab &amp; Sutlej) || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indus River || {{convert|300000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} &lt;!--rough estimate; Chenab and Sutlej combined plus a generous 10,000--&gt;||
|-
| [[Baker Lake (Nunavut)|Baker Lake]]/[[Chesterfield Inlet]] || Lake / estuary || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|299000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Stn/B68.html Baker Basin] at [[University of New Hampshire|UNH]]/Global Runoff Data Centre&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|[[Red River of the North]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Lake Winnipeg || {{convert|287500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Churchill River (Hudson Bay)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|281300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Neva River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Baltic Sea || {{convert|281000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Taz Estuary]] || Estuary || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|262000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Snake River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Columbia River || {{convert|278450|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Liard River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Mackenzie River || {{convert|277100|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Lake Athabasca]]-[[Rivière des Rochers]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Slave River || {{convert|274540|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || 
|-
|[[Salween River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indian Ocean || {{convert|271888|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;{{refn|group=Note|Rivers Network calculated an area of 266,354 km2.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/2886-upper-salween-river-nu-river-watersheds-map Upper Salween] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt; Often-mentioned areas of ca 324,000 km2 are clearly too high.}}
|-
|[[Lukuga River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|270900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Luvua River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|265300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kwango River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Kasai River || {{convert|263400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Desaguadero River (Argentina)|Desaguadero River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Colorado River || {{convert|260000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Bolsón de Mapimí|Mapimí]]-[[Llanos el Salado|Salado]] basin || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|260000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;!-- seems a bit much; and are these not two different basins?--&gt;
|-
|[[Krishna River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indian Ocean || {{convert|258948|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Magdalena River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|257438|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Dongting Lake]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yangtze River || {{convert|257000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Water Science and Engineering|volume=10|issue=4|date=October 2017|title=Flood management of Dongting Lake after operation of Three Gorges Dam|author=Xi-jun Lai|author2=Zi-ming Wang|page=303 |doi=10.1016/j.wse.2017.12.005 |bibcode=2017WSEng..10..303L |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Japurá River|Japurá/Caquetá River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|255700|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Nen River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Songhua River || {{convert|252100|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} &lt;!--290,570 km2 including the Huolin River basin, which has an unclear ending (Chagan Lake) near the junction of Nen and Songhua --&gt; || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/north-asia/item/4614-amur-river-basin-watersheds-map Amur river basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
|[[Oka River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Volga || {{convert|245000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || North Sea || {{convert|240000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Podkamennaya Tunguska River|Stony Tunguska River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yenisei river || {{convert|240000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Beni River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Madeira River || {{convert|239825|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} &lt;!--including the Madre de Dios basin--&gt;|| &lt;ref name=madeira/&gt;
|-
|[[Lake Victoria]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Nile River || {{convert|238900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Yana River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|238000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Lake Tanganyika]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Lukuga River || {{convert|236300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Sangha River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|233740|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/central-africa/itemlist/category/1029 Sangha Basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Fraser River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|233100|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Zeya River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Amur River || {{convert|233000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Liao River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|232200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ural River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#fcf;&quot;| Asia/Europe || Caspian Sea || {{convert|231000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Juruá River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|225828|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Sobat River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Nile River || {{convert|225000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Vitim River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Lena River || {{convert|225000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ogooué River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|223856|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Tigris River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Shatt al-Arab || {{convert|221400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1587-middle-tigris-watersheds-map Lower, Middle] and [http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4839-upper-tigris-watersheds-map Upper Tigris river basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Platte River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Missouri River || {{convert|219916|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Olenyok River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|219000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Olyokma River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Lena River || {{convert|210000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Shilka River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Amur River || {{convert|206000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Rufiji River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|204450|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/246-rufiji-river-basin Rufiji river basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Kura (Caspian Sea)|Kura River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Caspian Sea || {{convert|198300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Vaal River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Orange River || {{convert|196438|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Vistula]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Baltic Sea || {{convert|194424|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ussuri River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Amur River || {{convert|193000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Juruena River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Tapajos River || {{convert|191030|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=tapajos/&gt;
|-
|[[Anadyr River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Bering Sea || {{convert|191000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Branco River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Rio Negro || {{convert|189925|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ishim River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Irtysh River || {{convert|189000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Rhine]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || North Sea || {{convert|185300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Yobe River|Komadugu-Yobe River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Lake Chad || {{convert|183009|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/598-hadedja-jamaare-komadugu-basin-lake-chad-watershed-map Hadedja - Jama'are - Komadugu Basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Assiniboine River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Red River || {{convert|182000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Pyasina River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pyasina Gulf || {{convert|182000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Yellowstone River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Missouri River || {{convert|181000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Uyandina River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indigirka River || {{convert|176000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kotuy River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Khatanga River || {{convert|176000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Chenab River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Panjnad River || {{convert|176000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1472-chenab-river-watersheds-map Chenab river basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
|[[Hanshui|Han River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yangtze River || {{convert|174300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Huai River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yangtze River || {{convert|174000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Tshuapa River|Tshuapa/Ruki River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|173800|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Maya River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Aldan River || {{convert|171000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Salado River (Buenos Aires)|Salado River]] (Buenos Aires) || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|170000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Red River of the South]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Mississippi River || {{convert|169890|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Red River (Asia)|Red River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Gulf of Tonkin || {{convert|169000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035136/http://www.redriverprogram.com/en/introduction-of-the-red-river-basin/ Red River Basin]}} page at redriverprogram.com&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Cuvelai River]]-[[Cuvelai-Etosha Basin|Etosha Basin]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|166649|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;waterdiplomacy&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://aquapedia.waterdiplomacy.org/wiki/index.php?title=Cuvelai_River-Etosha_Pan_Basin|title=Cuvelai River-Etosha Pan Basin - AquaPedia Case Study Database|publisher=aquapedia.waterdiplomacy.org|access-date=15 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Chesapeake Bay]] || Estuary || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|166534|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Helmand River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Sistan Basin || {{convert|166000 |km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=sistan/&gt;
|-
|[[Argun River (Asia)|Argun / Hailar River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Amur River || {{convert|164000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Chao Phraya River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Gulf of Thailand || {{convert|160400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Hulun Lake]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Amur River / endorheic || {{convert|160335|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=&quot;Note&quot;&gt;Combined drainage area of [[Kherlen River]] (103709 km2) &amp; Orxon Rivers (56626 km2) [http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1612-upper-amur-river-watersheds-map]. &quot;In years with high precipitation, the normally exit−less endorheic lake may overflow at its northern shore.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Jialing River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yangtze River || {{convert|160000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Luangwa River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Zambezi River || {{convert|159615|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=zamb/&gt;
|-
|[[Tisza]] River || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Danube || {{convert|157186|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Turgai River|Torgay/Turgai River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|157000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Mbomou River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Ubangi River || {{convert|156950|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Great Bear River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Mackenzie River || {{convert|156500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kafue River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Zambezi River || {{convert|155805|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=zamb/&gt;
|-
|[[Kansas River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Missouri River || {{convert|155695|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ruvuma River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|155500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Essequibo River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|154186|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || San Francisco Bay || {{convert|153000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ruo Shui]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Endorheic basin || {{convert|152606|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Xin |title=Hydrological Cycle in the Heihe River Basin and Its Implication for Water Resource Management in Endorheic Basins |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |volume= 123|issue= 2|pages= 890–914|doi=10.1002/2017JD027889|year=2018 |bibcode=2018JGRD..123..890L |s2cid=133846912 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Sankuru River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Kasai River || {{convert|151112|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/central-africa/itemlist/category/1024 Sankuru basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Atbarah River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Nile || {{convert|150000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref group=&quot;Note&quot;&gt;Very rough estimate. Upper river's drainage area, including the Tekezé river is 120,430 km2 [http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1083-blue-nile-river-watersheds-map], lower drainage area is probably not as much as 69,572 km2 [http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/3820-lower-nile-river-watersheds-map], as that includes much surrounding dessert.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Taz River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Taz Estuary || {{convert|150000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Tietê River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Paraná River || {{convert|150000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Cuanza River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|149688|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;wotw&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Shire River]] ([[Lake Malawi]]) || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Zambezi River || {{convert|149159|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=zamb/&gt;
|-
|[[Elbe]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || North Sea || {{convert|148268|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Putumayo River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|148000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Bani River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Niger River || {{convert|146570|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4666-niger-watersheds-map Niger watershed maps] at river networks. The often quoted 101,600 km2 is the basin upstream of [[Douna]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Ottawa River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || St. Lawrence River || {{convert|146300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[South Saskatchewan River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Saskatchewan River || {{convert|146100|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Lake Titicaca]]-[[Desaguadero River (Bolivia)|Desaguadero River]]-[[Lake Poopó]] System|| Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;|[[South America]] || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|144590|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Role of Hydrological Studies for the Development of the TDPS System|first1=Claudia|last1=Canedo|first2=Ramiro|last2=Pillco Zolá|first3=Ronny|last3=Berndtsson|date=12 April 2016|journal=Water|volume=8|issue=4|pages=144|doi=10.3390/w8040144|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Chambal River]]  || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yamuna River || {{convert|143219|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Rio Grande (Paraná River)]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Paraná River || {{convert|143000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Fitzroy River (Queensland)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cf6;&quot;| Australia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|142665|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Thelon River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Baker Lake || {{convert|142400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Belaya River (Kama)|Belaya River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Kama River || {{convert|142000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Iriri River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Xingu River || {{convert|141745|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/3686-rio-xingu-watershed-map Rio Xingu watershed map] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Teles Pires]] River || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Tapajos River || {{convert|141620|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=tapajos/&gt;
|-
|[[Mahanadi River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indian Ocean || {{convert|141600|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ili River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Lake Balkhash || {{convert|140000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} 
|-
|[[Sanaga River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|140000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.internationalrivers.org/files/attached-files/irbm_sanaga.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=20 March 2016 |archive-date=1 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401013048/https://www.internationalrivers.org/files/attached-files/irbm_sanaga.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Min River (Sichuan)]]  || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yangtze River || {{convert|140000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Guaviare River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Orinoco River || {{convert|138447|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1634-guaviare-river-watersheds-map Guaviare river basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Pibor River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Sobat River || {{convert|137130|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lehner |first=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008eo100001 |issn=0096-3941|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Grande de Santiago River|Santiago]]-[[Lerma River|Lerma]] basin || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|136628|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Apure River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Orinoco River || {{convert|136152|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1632-apure-river-watersheds-map Apure river basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Winnipeg River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Lake Winnipeg || {{convert|135800|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Albany River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|135200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Wei River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yellow River || {{convert|135000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Grijalva River|Grijalva]]-[[Usumacinta River|Usumacinta]] basin || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|134400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Chulym River (Ob River)|Chulym River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Ob River || {{convert|134000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Lukenie River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|133432|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/central-africa/itemlist/category/1022 Lukenie Basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Koksoak River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Ungava Bay || {{convert|133400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Orkhon River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Selenga River || {{convert|132835|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Uele River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Ubangi River || {{convert|131856|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/central-africa/itemlist/category/1030 Uele Basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Tambo River (Peru)|Tambo]]-[[Ene River|Ene]]-[[Apurímac River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Ucayali River || {{convert|131460|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1792-rio-ucayali-watersheds-map Ucayali river basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Lake Turkana]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|130860|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Aripuanã River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Madeira River || {{convert|130340|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=madeira/&gt;
|-
|[[Malagarasi River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Lake Tanganyika || {{convert|130000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Mar Chiquita Lake (Córdoba)|Mar Chiquita]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|129715|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/north-america/itemlist/category/405-mar-chiquita Mar Chiquita Watershed] at riversnetwork.org&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Burdekin River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cf6;&quot;| Australia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|129700|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Vyatka River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Kama River || {{convert|129000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Yalong River]]  || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yangtze River || {{convert|128444|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Taseyeva River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Angara River || {{convert|128000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Ghaghara|Ghaghara / Karnali River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Ganges River || {{convert|127950|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Trombetas River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|127643|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4302-lower-amazon-watersheds-map Lower Amazon watershed] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Tana River (Kenya)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|126026|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Madre de Dios River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Beni River || {{convert|125287|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=madeira/&gt;
|-
|[[Green River (Colorado River)|Green River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Colorado River || {{convert|124578|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kuskokwim River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Bering Sea || {{convert|124319|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Salado River (Argentina)|Salado River]] (Argentina) || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Paraná River || {{convert|124199|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
| [[Taymyr River]] || Primary river ||  style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Kara Sea || {{convert|124000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Canadian River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Arkansas River || {{convert|123221|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Aruwimi River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|122853|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/central-africa/itemlist/category/1032 Aruwimi Basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[North Saskatchewan River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Saskatchewan River || {{convert|122800|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Prypiat River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Dnieper|| {{convert|121840|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Vychegda River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Northern Dvina|| {{convert|121000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Mun River]]  || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Mekong River || {{convert|119180|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Oder]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Baltic Sea || {{convert|118861|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Porcupine River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Yukon River || {{convert|117900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Loire]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|117000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Lomami River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Congo River || {{convert|116209|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/central-africa/itemlist/category/1026 Lomami Basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Brazos River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|116000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Mobile River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|115000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Pecos River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Rio Grande || {{convert|115000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Pilcomayo River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Paraguay River || {{convert|114402|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=parag&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/4027-rio-paraguay-watersheds-map Rio Paraguay watersheds map] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Sutlej River]]  || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indus River || {{convert|114343|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1271-sutlej-river-watersheds-map Sutlej river basin] at Rivers Network.&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
|[[Panj River]]  || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Amu Darya River || {{convert|114000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Tanana River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Yukon River || {{convert|114000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Cuando River|Kwando/Chobe River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Zambezi River || {{convert|113393|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=zamb/&gt;
|-
|[[Omolon River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Kolyma River || {{convert|113000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Uchur River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Aldan River || {{convert|113000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Balsas River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|112320|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Pur River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Taz Estuary || {{convert|112000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Pranhita River]]  || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Godavari River || {{convert|109078|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Flinders River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cf6;&quot;| Australia || Gulf of Carpentaria || {{convert|109000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Moose River (Ontario)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|108500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Hayes River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|108000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Anyuy River (Sakha)]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Kolyma River || {{convert|107000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Bermejo River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Paraguay River || {{convert|106924|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=parag/&gt;
|-
|[[Cunene River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|106560|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Back River (Nunavut)|Back River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|106500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Save River (Africa)|Save River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Indian Ocean || {{convert|106420|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Tennessee River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Ohio River || {{convert|105868|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Aras River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Kura River || {{convert|104785|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Bahr Aouk River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Chari River || {{convert|103577|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1737700.html|title=Chari - Golongosso|website=www.grdc.sr.unh.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Wabash River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Ohio River || {{convert|103500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Colorado River (Texas)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|103300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Severn River (northern Ontario)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|102800|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;Canada Atlas&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[Chindwin River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Irrawaddy River || {{convert|102783|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/1568-chindwin-river-watershed-map|title=Chindwin river : Watershed map}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Napo River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Amazon River || {{convert|102190|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/3751-rio-napo-watersheds-map|title=rio Napo : Watersheds map}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Río Negro (Argentina)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|102000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Logone River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Chari River || {{convert|101481|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/2041-chari-logone-rivers-watersheds-map Chari-Logone rivers watershed mapes] at rivers networks.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Anabar River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Arctic Ocean || {{convert|100000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Barito River]] (Borneo) || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa&quot;| [[Asia]] || Java Sea || {{convert|100000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kheta River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Khatanga River || {{convert|100000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Markha River (Vilyuy)|Markha River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Vilyuy River || {{convert|99900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Donets]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Don River || {{convert|98900|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Narmada River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa&quot;| [[Asia]] || Arabian Sea || {{convert|98800|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Kapuas River]] (Borneo) || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa&quot;| [[Asia]] || South China Sea || {{convert|98749|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Rhône]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Mediterranean Sea || {{convert|98556|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Bandama River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;| Africa || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|98500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Northern Sosva River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Ob River || {{convert|98300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Neman (river)|Neman]] River || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Baltic Sea || {{convert|97864|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[La Grande River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || James Bay || {{convert|97600|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Douro|Douro / Duero]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|97502|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Xiang River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Lake Dongting || {{convert|96400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Onon (river)|Onon]] River || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Shilka River || {{convert|96200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Sava]] River || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || Danube || {{convert|95419|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Athabasca River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Lake Athabasca || {{convert|95300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
&lt;!-- need to cut it off somewhere; 100,000 km2 allowing 5,000 km2 error
|-
|[[Brahmani River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot; | Asia || Indian Ocean || {{convert|39,033|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|[[Penobscot River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|22200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Penobscot River Watershed |url=https://www.regions.noaa.gov/north-atlantic/index.php/penobscot-river-watershed/ |website=NOAA}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
|[[Caroní River]] || Tributary river || style=&quot;background:#ffd39b;&quot;| South America || Orinoco River || {{convert|91,647|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/component/k2/item/2904-caroni-river-watersheds-map Caroní river basin] at Rivers Network&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|155
|[[Namak Lake]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot; | Asia || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|87,600|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.briancoad.com/introduction/namaklakebasin.htm|title=Freshwater Fishes of Iran, Introduction - Drainage Basins - Namak Lake|website=www.briancoad.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|156
|[[Pánuco River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|84,956|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|157
|[[Yaqui River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of California || {{convert|74,532|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|158
|[[Susquehanna River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Chesapeake Bay || {{convert|71,200|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|159
|[[Winisk River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|67,300|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|
|[[Lake Urmia]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot; | Asia || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|51,876|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:578781/FULLTEXT02|title=Agricultural Water Use in Lake Urmia Basin, Iran}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|160
|[[Sittaung River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Indian Ocean || {{convert|48,100|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|161
|[[Great Whale River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Hudson Bay || {{convert|42,700|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|162
|[[Leaf River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Ungava Bay || {{convert|42,500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|163
|[[George River (Quebec)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Ungava Bay || {{convert|41,700|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|164
|[[Dead Sea]] || Lake || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|41,650|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|165
|[[Klamath River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|40,632|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|166
|[[Trinity River (Texas)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Gulf of Mexico || {{convert|40,380|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|167
|[[Potomac River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|38,000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|168
|[[Delaware River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|36,658|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|169
|[[Hudson River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|36,260|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|170
|[[Han River (Korea)]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Yellow Sea || {{convert|35,770|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|171
|[[Sirhan Valley|Wadi as-Sirhan]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|35,500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|172
|[[Connecticut River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|29,137|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|173
|[[James River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Atlantic Ocean || {{convert|27,019|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|174
|[[San Pedro Mezquital River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|26,480|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|175
|[[Tone River]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:#ffa;&quot;| Asia || Pacific Ocean || {{convert|16,840|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|176
|[[River Thames]] || Primary river || style=&quot;background:pink;&quot;| Europe || North Sea || {{convert|12,935|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} ||
|-
|177
|[[Valley of Mexico]] || Endorheic basin || style=&quot;background:#cff;&quot;| North America|| n/a (endorheic basin) || {{convert|9,600|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || --&gt;
|}

== Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>7m9b8mx5mzn6y3klt05awri794dadzq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Festival au Désert</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33379</id>
    <revision>
      <id>140038</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-12T18:29:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Maltima Rabia</username>
        <id>5146</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Create an article</comment>
      <origin>140038</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19" sha1="kxu0sudb7shpptttew8lqehz8clsqme" xml:space="preserve">Festival au Dèsert</text>
      <sha1>kxu0sudb7shpptttew8lqehz8clsqme</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>140039</id>
      <parentid>140038</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-12T18:31:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Maltima Rabia</username>
        <id>5146</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added  content</comment>
      <origin>140039</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1499" sha1="gdlcq04gfdx5rgno4i3d2h6rbufez60" xml:space="preserve">Festival au Dèsert Festival au dèsert ( Festival in the desert) daa nyɛla chuɣu shɛli bini puhiri yuuni kam Mali tiŋgbani, chuɣu ŋɔ daa nyɛla din mali Tuareg kali yila n ti pahi anduniya zaa yila n wuhiri salo yuuni 2001 hali ni 2012 puuni. Di daa nyɛla  Manny Ansar ni kpa ka yulindi shɛli zuɣu, di daa lahi nyɛla din ʒiri saanba ban kalinli yiŋsi thousands polo n kpɛrina tiŋgbani maa ni ka di daa nyɛ din chɛ ka tiŋgbani maa tooi nyɛri ariziki.

Tuuli chuɣu maa daa nyɛla din niŋ yuuni 2001 Tin Essako puuni, ka yuuni 2002 maa din maa daa niŋ Tessalit puuni, yuuni 2003 hali ni 2009 mi dina maa daa niŋla Essakane. Yuuni 2010 halini yuuni 2012 di daa nyɛla din niŋ Timbuktu tiŋ tariga. Islamist militants ni ni daa liri Timbuktu nim ŋɔ yuuni 2021 la puuni maa, chuɣu ŋɔ daa nyɛla bini tirisi shɛli ka di na bi lahi puhi  lala saha maa halina ni zuŋɔ ka di nyɛla bi daa alaafee zuɣu.

Siini nim pam nyɛla bini ŋaagi shɛli ka di yɛri lala chuɣu ŋɔ yɛtɔlɣa: Le Festival au Dèsert (2004), Dambè: The Mali Project (2008), The Last Song Before the War (2013), mini Woodstock in Timbuktu (2013)

Yuuni 2013 hali na ni zuŋɔ, ninvuɣu shɛba daa gbeni kpalazuya ka boli bi maŋ &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Caravane Culturellede la Piax&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; la daa nyɛla ban go n gili tiŋsi pam. Ansar n ti pahi directors n ti chuɣu dibaa ayi shɛŋa; Malian Festival Sur le Niger, mini Moroccan Festival Taragalte n daa nyɛ ban koa lala laɣimgu ŋɔ maa.</text>
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      <text bytes="1951" sha1="bvat1uzr6a7mszgdkp8rru5h88ebw6t" xml:space="preserve">Festival au Dèsert Festival au dèsert ( Festival in the desert) daa nyɛla chuɣu shɛli bini puhiri yuuni kam Mali tiŋgbani, chuɣu ŋɔ daa nyɛla din mali Tuareg kali yila n ti pahi anduniya zaa yila n wuhiri salo yuuni 2001 hali ni 2012 puuni. Di daa nyɛla  Manny Ansar ni kpa ka yulindi shɛli zuɣu, di daa lahi nyɛla din ʒiri saanba ban kalinli yiŋsi thousands polo n kpɛrina tiŋgbani maa ni ka di daa nyɛ din chɛ ka tiŋgbani maa tooi nyɛri ariziki.

Tuuli chuɣu maa daa nyɛla din niŋ yuuni 2001 Tin Essako puuni, ka yuuni 2002 maa din maa daa niŋ Tessalit puuni, yuuni 2003 hali ni 2009 mi dina maa daa niŋla Essakane. Yuuni 2010 halini yuuni 2012 di daa nyɛla din niŋ Timbuktu tiŋ tariga. Islamist militants ni ni daa liri Timbuktu nim ŋɔ yuuni 2021 la puuni maa, chuɣu ŋɔ daa nyɛla bini tirisi shɛli ka di na bi lahi puhi  lala saha maa halina ni zuŋɔ ka di nyɛla bi daa alaafee zuɣu.

Siini nim pam nyɛla bini ŋaagi shɛli ka di yɛri lala chuɣu ŋɔ yɛtɔlɣa: Le Festival au Dèsert (2004), Dambè: The Mali Project (2008), The Last Song Before the War (2013), mini Woodstock in Timbuktu (2013)

Yuuni 2013 hali na ni zuŋɔ, ninvuɣu shɛba daa gbeni kpalazuya ka boli bi maŋ &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Caravane Culturellede la Piax&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; la daa nyɛla ban go n gili tiŋsi pam. Ansar n ti pahi directors n ti chuɣu dibaa ayi shɛŋa; Malian Festival Sur le Niger, mini Moroccan Festival Taragalte n daa nyɛ ban koa lala laɣimgu ŋɔ maa.

Taarihi

Tuuli chuɣu ŋɔ daa nyɛla din niŋ Tin Essako silimi gɔli January yuuni 2001 ni, ka di nyɛ Manny Ansar ni kpa kpa shɛli, o daa nyɛla ŋun su Tuareg ban Tinariwen, ban daa nyɛ ban dɛim lala chuɣu maa ni, n ti pahi band Lo'Jo ban pahi mali chuɣu ŋɔ shili. Salo ban kalinli daa yiŋsi 500 n chani 600 n daa nyɛ ban kana tuuli chuɣu maa ni. Festival au Dèsert daa nyɛla lala Churi maa tuuli din niŋ North Africa. Di wuhiya ni (</text>
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      <text bytes="1956" sha1="sbgmwgehx8u9ma7m9j8i7bp7zuibplj" xml:space="preserve">Festival au Dèsert Festival au dèsert ( Festival in the desert) daa nyɛla chuɣu shɛli bini puhiri yuuni kam Mali tiŋgbani, chuɣu ŋɔ daa nyɛla din mali Tuareg kali yila n ti pahi anduniya zaa yila n wuhiri salo yuuni 2001 hali ni 2012 puuni. Di daa nyɛla  Manny Ansar ni kpa ka yulindi shɛli zuɣu, di daa lahi nyɛla din ʒiri saanba ban kalinli yiŋsi thousands polo n kpɛrina tiŋgbani maa ni ka di daa nyɛ din chɛ ka tiŋgbani maa tooi nyɛri ariziki.

Tuuli chuɣu maa daa nyɛla din niŋ yuuni 2001 Tin Essako puuni, ka yuuni 2002 maa din maa daa niŋ Tessalit puuni, yuuni 2003 hali ni 2009 mi dina maa daa niŋla Essakane. Yuuni 2010 halini yuuni 2012 di daa nyɛla din niŋ Timbuktu tiŋ tariga. Islamist militants ni ni daa liri Timbuktu nim ŋɔ yuuni 2021 la puuni maa, chuɣu ŋɔ daa nyɛla bini tirisi shɛli ka di na bi lahi puhi  lala saha maa halina ni zuŋɔ ka di nyɛla bi daa alaafee zuɣu.

Siini nim pam nyɛla bini ŋaagi shɛli ka di yɛri lala chuɣu ŋɔ yɛtɔlɣa: Le Festival au Dèsert (2004), Dambè: The Mali Project (2008), The Last Song Before the War (2013), mini Woodstock in Timbuktu (2013)

Yuuni 2013 hali na ni zuŋɔ, ninvuɣu shɛba daa gbeni kpalazuya ka boli bi maŋ &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Caravane Culturellede la Piax&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; la daa nyɛla ban go n gili tiŋsi pam. Ansar n ti pahi directors n ti chuɣu dibaa ayi shɛŋa; Malian Festival Sur le Niger, mini Moroccan Festival Taragalte n daa nyɛ ban koa lala laɣimgu ŋɔ maa.

== Taarihi ==
Tuuli chuɣu ŋɔ daa nyɛla din niŋ Tin Essako silimi gɔli January yuuni 2001 ni, ka di nyɛ Manny Ansar ni kpa kpa shɛli, o daa nyɛla ŋun su Tuareg ban Tinariwen, ban daa nyɛ ban dɛim lala chuɣu maa ni, n ti pahi band Lo'Jo ban pahi mali chuɣu ŋɔ shili. Salo ban kalinli daa yiŋsi 500 n chani 600 n daa nyɛ ban kana tuuli chuɣu maa ni. Festival au Dèsert daa nyɛla lala Churi maa tuuli din niŋ North Africa. Di wuhiya ni (</text>
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      <text bytes="1550" sha1="2qhw6tfac1lozam8j5d7a1xbaob0wkb" xml:space="preserve">'''Cuango''' bee '''Kwango''' ({{langx|pt|Rio Cuango}}; {{langx|fr|Rivière Kwango}}; {{langx|nl|Kwango Rivier}}) mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣili din gari [[Angola]] mini Decomcratic Republic of Congo. Di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'titali di yi kana mɔɣa din be nuzaa zuɣu zaŋ n-ti [[Kasai River]] din be Congo mɔɣili.&lt;ref name=Brit&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title= Kwango River|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Great&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title= Kwango|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher= The Free Dictionary by Farlex of The Great Soviet Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri gariti [[Malanje]] din be Angola. e Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daamɔn pam Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster din be Lunda Norte yaɣili.&lt;ref name=Project&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_55754.html|title=Kwango River Project|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=BRC Congo Development S.P.R.L.; Kwango Mining S.P.R.L.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 19th century, Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli '''Quango''', di gbaai bahindi David Livingstone tuma saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;livingstone&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/missionary-travels-manuscript/glossary-key-terms-in-the-missionary-travels-manuscript |title=Glossary of Key Terms in the Missionary Travels Manuscript |first=Justin D. |last=Livingstone |date=2019 |work=Livingstone Online |accessdate=6 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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'''Cuango''' bee '''Kwango''' ({{langx|pt|Rio Cuango}}; {{langx|fr|Rivière Kwango}}; {{langx|nl|Kwango Rivier}}) mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣili din gari [[Angola]] mini Decomcratic Republic of Congo. Di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'titali di yi kana mɔɣa din be nuzaa zuɣu zaŋ n-ti [[Kasai River]] din be Congo mɔɣili.&lt;ref name=Brit&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title= Kwango River|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Great&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title= Kwango|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher= The Free Dictionary by Farlex of The Great Soviet Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri gariti [[Malanje]] din be Angola. e Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daamɔn pam Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster din be Lunda Norte yaɣili.&lt;ref name=Project&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_55754.html|title=Kwango River Project|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=BRC Congo Development S.P.R.L.; Kwango Mining S.P.R.L.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 19th century, Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli '''Quango''', di gbaai bahindi David Livingstone tuma saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;livingstone&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/missionary-travels-manuscript/glossary-key-terms-in-the-missionary-travels-manuscript |title=Glossary of Key Terms in the Missionary Travels Manuscript |first=Justin D. |last=Livingstone |date=2019 |work=Livingstone Online |accessdate=6 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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'''Cuango''' bee '''Kwango''' ({{langx|pt|Rio Cuango}}; {{langx|fr|Rivière Kwango}}; {{langx|nl|Kwango Rivier}}) mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣili din gari [[Angola]] mini Decomcratic Republic of Congo. Di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'titali di yi kana mɔɣa din be nuzaa zuɣu zaŋ n-ti [[Kasai River]] din be Congo mɔɣili.&lt;ref name=Brit&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title= Kwango River|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Great&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title= Kwango|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher= The Free Dictionary by Farlex of The Great Soviet Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri gariti [[Malanje]] din be Angola. e Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daamɔn pam Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster din be Lunda Norte yaɣili.&lt;ref name=Project&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_55754.html|title=Kwango River Project|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=BRC Congo Development S.P.R.L.; Kwango Mining S.P.R.L.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 19th century, Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli '''Quango''', di gbaai bahindi David Livingstone tuma saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;livingstone&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/missionary-travels-manuscript/glossary-key-terms-in-the-missionary-travels-manuscript |title=Glossary of Key Terms in the Missionary Travels Manuscript |first=Justin D. |last=Livingstone |date=2019 |work=Livingstone Online |accessdate=6 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==History==
Rund Kingdom, di pahi leei Lunda Empire nyɛla din be Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili zaŋ chaŋ Luapula Mɔɣili yaɣili. Di Nanima nyɛla ban daa pahi [[Slavery in Africa|daba daabilim]] ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Bethwell A. Ogot|title=Africa from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC&amp;pg=PA601|access-date=24 January 2011|date=July 1992|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=978-92-3-101711-7|pages=580, 601, 605}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lunda yɛliginsim ŋɔ nyɛla din kpaŋsi siyaasa tali mini bɛ kaya ni taada ka daa lahi nyɛ luɣ'shɛli din kpaŋsiri daba dabu ka dizuɣu nyɛ din daa boori bɛ kalinli bin din gbaai  Kwango mini Kwilu mɔɣa yaɣili.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992, p.607&quot;&gt;Ogot, p.607&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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'''Cuango''' bee '''Kwango''' ({{langx|pt|Rio Cuango}}; {{langx|fr|Rivière Kwango}}; {{langx|nl|Kwango Rivier}}) mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣili din gari [[Angola]] mini Decomcratic Republic of Congo. Di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'titali di yi kana mɔɣa din be nuzaa zuɣu zaŋ n-ti [[Kasai River]] din be Congo mɔɣili.&lt;ref name=Brit&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title= Kwango River|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Great&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title= Kwango|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher= The Free Dictionary by Farlex of The Great Soviet Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri gariti [[Malanje]] din be Angola. e Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daamɔn pam Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster din be Lunda Norte yaɣili.&lt;ref name=Project&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_55754.html|title=Kwango River Project|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=BRC Congo Development S.P.R.L.; Kwango Mining S.P.R.L.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 19th century, Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli '''Quango''', di gbaai bahindi David Livingstone tuma saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;livingstone&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/missionary-travels-manuscript/glossary-key-terms-in-the-missionary-travels-manuscript |title=Glossary of Key Terms in the Missionary Travels Manuscript |first=Justin D. |last=Livingstone |date=2019 |work=Livingstone Online |accessdate=6 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taarihi ==
Rund Kingdom, di pahi leei Lunda Empire nyɛla din be Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili zaŋ chaŋ Luapula Mɔɣili yaɣili. Di Nanima nyɛla ban daa pahi [[Slavery in Africa|daba daabilim]] ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Bethwell A. Ogot|title=Africa from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC&amp;pg=PA601|access-date=24 January 2011|date=July 1992|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=978-92-3-101711-7|pages=580, 601, 605}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lunda yɛliginsim ŋɔ nyɛla din kpaŋsi siyaasa tali mini bɛ kaya ni taada ka daa lahi nyɛ luɣ'shɛli din kpaŋsiri daba dabu ka dizuɣu nyɛ din daa boori bɛ kalinli bin din gbaai  Kwango mini Kwilu mɔɣa yaɣili.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992, p.607&quot;&gt;Ogot, p.607&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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'''Cuango''' bee '''Kwango''' ({{langx|pt|Rio Cuango}}; {{langx|fr|Rivière Kwango}}; {{langx|nl|Kwango Rivier}}) mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣili din gari [[Angola]] mini Decomcratic Republic of Congo. Di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'titali di yi kana mɔɣa din be nuzaa zuɣu zaŋ n-ti [[Kasai River]] din be Congo mɔɣili.&lt;ref name=Brit&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title= Kwango River|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Great&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title= Kwango|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher= The Free Dictionary by Farlex of The Great Soviet Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri gariti [[Malanje]] din be Angola. e Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daamɔn pam Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster din be Lunda Norte yaɣili.&lt;ref name=Project&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_55754.html|title=Kwango River Project|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=BRC Congo Development S.P.R.L.; Kwango Mining S.P.R.L.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 19th century, Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli '''Quango''', di gbaai bahindi David Livingstone tuma saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;livingstone&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/missionary-travels-manuscript/glossary-key-terms-in-the-missionary-travels-manuscript |title=Glossary of Key Terms in the Missionary Travels Manuscript |first=Justin D. |last=Livingstone |date=2019 |work=Livingstone Online |accessdate=6 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taarihi ==
Rund Kingdom, di pahi leei Lunda Empire nyɛla din be Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili zaŋ chaŋ Luapula Mɔɣili yaɣili. Di Nanima nyɛla ban daa pahi [[Slavery in Africa|daba daabilim]] ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Bethwell A. Ogot|title=Africa from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC&amp;pg=PA601|access-date=24 January 2011|date=July 1992|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=978-92-3-101711-7|pages=580, 601, 605}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lunda yɛliginsim ŋɔ nyɛla din kpaŋsi siyaasa tali mini bɛ kaya ni taada ka daa lahi nyɛ luɣ'shɛli din kpaŋsiri daba dabu ka dizuɣu nyɛ din daa boori bɛ kalinli bin din gbaai  Kwango mini Kwilu mɔɣa yaɣili.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992, p.607&quot;&gt;Ogot, p.607&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kundivihira ==</text>
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'''Cuango''' bee '''Kwango''' ({{langx|pt|Rio Cuango}}; {{langx|fr|Rivière Kwango}}; {{langx|nl|Kwango Rivier}}) mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣili din gari [[Angola]] mini Decomcratic Republic of Congo. Di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'titali di yi kana mɔɣa din be nuzaa zuɣu zaŋ n-ti [[Kasai River]] din be Congo mɔɣili.&lt;ref name=Brit&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title= Kwango River|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Great&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title= Kwango|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher= The Free Dictionary by Farlex of The Great Soviet Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri gariti [[Malanje]] din be Angola. e Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daamɔn pam Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster din be Lunda Norte yaɣili.&lt;ref name=Project&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_55754.html|title=Kwango River Project|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=BRC Congo Development S.P.R.L.; Kwango Mining S.P.R.L.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 19th century, Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli '''Quango''', di gbaai bahindi David Livingstone tuma saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;livingstone&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/missionary-travels-manuscript/glossary-key-terms-in-the-missionary-travels-manuscript |title=Glossary of Key Terms in the Missionary Travels Manuscript |first=Justin D. |last=Livingstone |date=2019 |work=Livingstone Online |accessdate=6 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taarihi ==
Rund Kingdom, di pahi leei Lunda Empire nyɛla din be Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili zaŋ chaŋ Luapula Mɔɣili yaɣili. Di Nanima nyɛla ban daa pahi [[Slavery in Africa|daba daabilim]] ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Bethwell A. Ogot|title=Africa from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC&amp;pg=PA601|access-date=24 January 2011|date=July 1992|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=978-92-3-101711-7|pages=580, 601, 605}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lunda yɛliginsim ŋɔ nyɛla din kpaŋsi siyaasa tali mini bɛ kaya ni taada ka daa lahi nyɛ luɣ'shɛli din kpaŋsiri daba dabu ka dizuɣu nyɛ din daa boori bɛ kalinli bin din gbaai  Kwango mini Kwilu mɔɣa yaɣili.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992, p.607&quot;&gt;Ogot, p.607&lt;/ref&gt;

Portugalnima nyɛla ban daa deegi Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ ka daa deegi yaa ka chɛ Kasanje.&lt;ref =history&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.com/topics/angola |title=Angola |access-date=25 January 2011 |publisher=History.com |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308180859/http://www.history.com/topics/angola |archive-date=8 March 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ daa nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Portugalnima din daa niŋ ka bɛ daa dihi bɛ nuu gbana zuɣu Lisbon Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1891 ka daa sokam daa baŋ di yɛla Silimiin goli March biɛɣ'pishi ni anahi dali yuuni 1894.&lt;ref name=&quot;BrownlieBurns1979&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Brownlie|first1=Ian|last2=Burns|first2=Ian R.|title=African boundaries: a legal and diplomatic encyclopaedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8Du4k0udx4C&amp;pg=PA492|access-date=25 January 2011|year=1979|publisher=C. Hurst|isbn=978-0-903983-87-7|page=492}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Kundivihira ==</text>
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'''Cuango''' bee '''Kwango''' ({{langx|pt|Rio Cuango}}; {{langx|fr|Rivière Kwango}}; {{langx|nl|Kwango Rivier}}) mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣili din gari [[Angola]] mini Decomcratic Republic of Congo. Di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'titali di yi kana mɔɣa din be nuzaa zuɣu zaŋ n-ti [[Kasai River]] din be Congo mɔɣili.&lt;ref name=Brit&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title= Kwango River|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Great&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title= Kwango|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher= The Free Dictionary by Farlex of The Great Soviet Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri gariti [[Malanje]] din be Angola. e Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daamɔn pam Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster din be Lunda Norte yaɣili.&lt;ref name=Project&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_55754.html|title=Kwango River Project|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=BRC Congo Development S.P.R.L.; Kwango Mining S.P.R.L.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 19th century, Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli '''Quango''', di gbaai bahindi David Livingstone tuma saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;livingstone&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/missionary-travels-manuscript/glossary-key-terms-in-the-missionary-travels-manuscript |title=Glossary of Key Terms in the Missionary Travels Manuscript |first=Justin D. |last=Livingstone |date=2019 |work=Livingstone Online |accessdate=6 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taarihi ==
Rund Kingdom, di pahi leei Lunda Empire nyɛla din be Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili zaŋ chaŋ Luapula Mɔɣili yaɣili. Di Nanima nyɛla ban daa pahi [[Slavery in Africa|daba daabilim]] ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Bethwell A. Ogot|title=Africa from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC&amp;pg=PA601|access-date=24 January 2011|date=July 1992|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=978-92-3-101711-7|pages=580, 601, 605}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lunda yɛliginsim ŋɔ nyɛla din kpaŋsi siyaasa tali mini bɛ kaya ni taada ka daa lahi nyɛ luɣ'shɛli din kpaŋsiri daba dabu ka dizuɣu nyɛ din daa boori bɛ kalinli bin din gbaai  Kwango mini Kwilu mɔɣa yaɣili.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992, p.607&quot;&gt;Ogot, p.607&lt;/ref&gt;

Portugalnima nyɛla ban daa deegi Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ ka daa deegi yaa ka chɛ Kasanje.&lt;ref =history&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.com/topics/angola |title=Angola |access-date=25 January 2011 |publisher=History.com |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308180859/http://www.history.com/topics/angola |archive-date=8 March 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ daa nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Portugalnima din daa niŋ ka bɛ daa dihi bɛ nuu gbana zuɣu Lisbon Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1891 ka daa sokam daa baŋ di yɛla Silimiin goli March biɛɣ'pishi ni anahi dali yuuni 1894.&lt;ref name=&quot;BrownlieBurns1979&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Brownlie|first1=Ian|last2=Burns|first2=Ian R.|title=African boundaries: a legal and diplomatic encyclopaedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8Du4k0udx4C&amp;pg=PA492|access-date=25 January 2011|year=1979|publisher=C. Hurst|isbn=978-0-903983-87-7|page=492}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Cuango, Angola|Cuango]] nyɛla din be Lunda Norte yaɣili, Cuango mɔɣili nyɛla din be lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka nyɛ luɣ'shɛli niriba pam ni mi ka di nyɛ daamɔn bayili  Angola&quot;, daamɔn liɣiri ni be luɣ'shɛli Angola. Tiŋ maa  nyɛla din daa mali nu'timbu [[Angolan Civil War]], saha din daa niŋ ka Uniao Nacional para a Independencia Total de Angola ([[UNITA]]) mini gomnanti soojanima nyɛ ban daa bori ni bɛ deegi tiŋ maa yaa la. UNITA nyɛla ban daa gili tiŋ maa Silimiin goli September biɛɣ'pihita dali yuuni 1997 ka di nyɛ din daa be  [[Lusaka Protocol]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JamesBroadhead2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first1=W. Martin |last1=James|first2=Susan Herlin |last2=Broadhead|title=Historical dictionary of Angola|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame|url-access=registration |access-date=25 January 2011|year=2004|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-4940-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame/page/41 41]–}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kundivihira ==</text>
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'''Cuango''' bee '''Kwango''' ({{langx|pt|Rio Cuango}}; {{langx|fr|Rivière Kwango}}; {{langx|nl|Kwango Rivier}}) mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣili din gari [[Angola]] mini Decomcratic Republic of Congo. Di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'titali di yi kana mɔɣa din be nuzaa zuɣu zaŋ n-ti [[Kasai River]] din be Congo mɔɣili.&lt;ref name=Brit&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title= Kwango River|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Great&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title= Kwango|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher= The Free Dictionary by Farlex of The Great Soviet Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri gariti [[Malanje]] din be Angola. e Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daamɔn pam Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster din be Lunda Norte yaɣili.&lt;ref name=Project&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_55754.html|title=Kwango River Project|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=BRC Congo Development S.P.R.L.; Kwango Mining S.P.R.L.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 19th century, Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli '''Quango''', di gbaai bahindi David Livingstone tuma saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;livingstone&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/missionary-travels-manuscript/glossary-key-terms-in-the-missionary-travels-manuscript |title=Glossary of Key Terms in the Missionary Travels Manuscript |first=Justin D. |last=Livingstone |date=2019 |work=Livingstone Online |accessdate=6 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taarihi ==
Rund Kingdom, di pahi leei Lunda Empire nyɛla din be Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili zaŋ chaŋ Luapula Mɔɣili yaɣili. Di Nanima nyɛla ban daa pahi [[Slavery in Africa|daba daabilim]] ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Bethwell A. Ogot|title=Africa from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC&amp;pg=PA601|access-date=24 January 2011|date=July 1992|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=978-92-3-101711-7|pages=580, 601, 605}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lunda yɛliginsim ŋɔ nyɛla din kpaŋsi siyaasa tali mini bɛ kaya ni taada ka daa lahi nyɛ luɣ'shɛli din kpaŋsiri daba dabu ka dizuɣu nyɛ din daa boori bɛ kalinli bin din gbaai  Kwango mini Kwilu mɔɣa yaɣili.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992, p.607&quot;&gt;Ogot, p.607&lt;/ref&gt;

Portugalnima nyɛla ban daa deegi Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ ka daa deegi yaa ka chɛ Kasanje.&lt;ref =history&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.com/topics/angola |title=Angola |access-date=25 January 2011 |publisher=History.com |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308180859/http://www.history.com/topics/angola |archive-date=8 March 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ daa nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Portugalnima din daa niŋ ka bɛ daa dihi bɛ nuu gbana zuɣu Lisbon Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1891 ka daa sokam daa baŋ di yɛla Silimiin goli March biɛɣ'pishi ni anahi dali yuuni 1894.&lt;ref name=&quot;BrownlieBurns1979&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Brownlie|first1=Ian|last2=Burns|first2=Ian R.|title=African boundaries: a legal and diplomatic encyclopaedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8Du4k0udx4C&amp;pg=PA492|access-date=25 January 2011|year=1979|publisher=C. Hurst|isbn=978-0-903983-87-7|page=492}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Cuango, Angola|Cuango]] nyɛla din be Lunda Norte yaɣili, Cuango mɔɣili nyɛla din be lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka nyɛ luɣ'shɛli niriba pam ni mi ka di nyɛ daamɔn bayili  Angola&quot;, daamɔn liɣiri ni be luɣ'shɛli Angola. Tiŋ maa  nyɛla din daa mali nu'timbu [[Angolan Civil War]], saha din daa niŋ ka Uniao Nacional para a Independencia Total de Angola ([[UNITA]]) mini gomnanti soojanima nyɛ ban daa bori ni bɛ deegi tiŋ maa yaa la. UNITA nyɛla ban daa gili tiŋ maa Silimiin goli September biɛɣ'pihita dali yuuni 1997 ka di nyɛ din daa be  [[Lusaka Protocol]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JamesBroadhead2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first1=W. Martin |last1=James|first2=Susan Herlin |last2=Broadhead|title=Historical dictionary of Angola|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame|url-access=registration |access-date=25 January 2011|year=2004|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-4940-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame/page/41 41]–}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Geography==
{{stack|[[File:Kwango River.png|thumb|350px|Map of Kwango River watershed.]]}}
Cuango nyɛla din piligi [[Cacolo|Alto Chicapa]] din be Angolan yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Lunda Sul ka nyɛ din zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chani nti chirigiri Democratic Republic of the Congo tiŋgbani tarisi pɔi ka naayi chirigi [[Kasai River]] din miri tiŋ yuli booni Bandundo. Di nyɛla din zɔri chani n ti luri  [[Congo River]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JamesBroadhead2004&quot;/&gt; 


== Kundivihira ==</text>
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'''Cuango''' bee '''Kwango''' ({{langx|pt|Rio Cuango}}; {{langx|fr|Rivière Kwango}}; {{langx|nl|Kwango Rivier}}) mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣili din gari [[Angola]] mini Decomcratic Republic of Congo. Di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'titali di yi kana mɔɣa din be nuzaa zuɣu zaŋ n-ti [[Kasai River]] din be Congo mɔɣili.&lt;ref name=Brit&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title= Kwango River|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Great&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title= Kwango|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher= The Free Dictionary by Farlex of The Great Soviet Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri gariti [[Malanje]] din be Angola. e Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daamɔn pam Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster din be Lunda Norte yaɣili.&lt;ref name=Project&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_55754.html|title=Kwango River Project|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=BRC Congo Development S.P.R.L.; Kwango Mining S.P.R.L.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 19th century, Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli '''Quango''', di gbaai bahindi David Livingstone tuma saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;livingstone&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/missionary-travels-manuscript/glossary-key-terms-in-the-missionary-travels-manuscript |title=Glossary of Key Terms in the Missionary Travels Manuscript |first=Justin D. |last=Livingstone |date=2019 |work=Livingstone Online |accessdate=6 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taarihi ==
Rund Kingdom, di pahi leei Lunda Empire nyɛla din be Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili zaŋ chaŋ Luapula Mɔɣili yaɣili. Di Nanima nyɛla ban daa pahi [[Slavery in Africa|daba daabilim]] ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Bethwell A. Ogot|title=Africa from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC&amp;pg=PA601|access-date=24 January 2011|date=July 1992|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=978-92-3-101711-7|pages=580, 601, 605}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lunda yɛliginsim ŋɔ nyɛla din kpaŋsi siyaasa tali mini bɛ kaya ni taada ka daa lahi nyɛ luɣ'shɛli din kpaŋsiri daba dabu ka dizuɣu nyɛ din daa boori bɛ kalinli bin din gbaai  Kwango mini Kwilu mɔɣa yaɣili.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992, p.607&quot;&gt;Ogot, p.607&lt;/ref&gt;

Portugalnima nyɛla ban daa deegi Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ ka daa deegi yaa ka chɛ Kasanje.&lt;ref =history&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.com/topics/angola |title=Angola |access-date=25 January 2011 |publisher=History.com |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308180859/http://www.history.com/topics/angola |archive-date=8 March 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ daa nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Portugalnima din daa niŋ ka bɛ daa dihi bɛ nuu gbana zuɣu Lisbon Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1891 ka daa sokam daa baŋ di yɛla Silimiin goli March biɛɣ'pishi ni anahi dali yuuni 1894.&lt;ref name=&quot;BrownlieBurns1979&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Brownlie|first1=Ian|last2=Burns|first2=Ian R.|title=African boundaries: a legal and diplomatic encyclopaedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8Du4k0udx4C&amp;pg=PA492|access-date=25 January 2011|year=1979|publisher=C. Hurst|isbn=978-0-903983-87-7|page=492}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Cuango, Angola|Cuango]] nyɛla din be Lunda Norte yaɣili, Cuango mɔɣili nyɛla din be lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka nyɛ luɣ'shɛli niriba pam ni mi ka di nyɛ daamɔn bayili  Angola&quot;, daamɔn liɣiri ni be luɣ'shɛli Angola. Tiŋ maa  nyɛla din daa mali nu'timbu [[Angolan Civil War]], saha din daa niŋ ka Uniao Nacional para a Independencia Total de Angola ([[UNITA]]) mini gomnanti soojanima nyɛ ban daa bori ni bɛ deegi tiŋ maa yaa la. UNITA nyɛla ban daa gili tiŋ maa Silimiin goli September biɛɣ'pihita dali yuuni 1997 ka di nyɛ din daa be  [[Lusaka Protocol]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JamesBroadhead2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first1=W. Martin |last1=James|first2=Susan Herlin |last2=Broadhead|title=Historical dictionary of Angola|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame|url-access=registration |access-date=25 January 2011|year=2004|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-4940-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame/page/41 41]–}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Geography==
{{stack|[[File:Kwango River.png|thumb|350px|Map of Kwango River watershed.]]}}
Cuango nyɛla din piligi [[Cacolo|Alto Chicapa]] din be Angolan yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Lunda Sul ka nyɛ din zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chani nti chirigiri Democratic Republic of the Congo tiŋgbani tarisi pɔi ka naayi chirigi [[Kasai River]] din miri tiŋ yuli booni Bandundo. Di nyɛla din zɔri chani n ti luri  [[Congo River]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JamesBroadhead2004&quot;/&gt;

Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 1,100 ka chɛ di ni piligi luɣ'shɛli zaŋ labi Congo Mɔɣili, di waɣilim lahi nyɛla kilomitanima kɔbisinii ni pihinu ni anu ka chɛ Angola.&lt;ref name=Brit/&gt;&lt;ref name=Great/&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din yihiri kom kamani {{Convert|263500|km2}}. Di nudirigu zuɣu mɔɣ'bihi nyɛ Wamba mini Kwilu mɔɣa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Free&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title=Kwango |access-date=24 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Kundivihira ==</text>
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        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
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'''Cuango''' bee '''Kwango''' ({{langx|pt|Rio Cuango}}; {{langx|fr|Rivière Kwango}}; {{langx|nl|Kwango Rivier}}) mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣili din gari [[Angola]] mini Decomcratic Republic of Congo. Di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'titali di yi kana mɔɣa din be nuzaa zuɣu zaŋ n-ti [[Kasai River]] din be Congo mɔɣili.&lt;ref name=Brit&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title= Kwango River|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Great&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title= Kwango|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher= The Free Dictionary by Farlex of The Great Soviet Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri gariti [[Malanje]] din be Angola. e Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daamɔn pam Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster din be Lunda Norte yaɣili.&lt;ref name=Project&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_55754.html|title=Kwango River Project|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=BRC Congo Development S.P.R.L.; Kwango Mining S.P.R.L.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 19th century, Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli '''Quango''', di gbaai bahindi David Livingstone tuma saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;livingstone&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/missionary-travels-manuscript/glossary-key-terms-in-the-missionary-travels-manuscript |title=Glossary of Key Terms in the Missionary Travels Manuscript |first=Justin D. |last=Livingstone |date=2019 |work=Livingstone Online |accessdate=6 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taarihi ==
Rund Kingdom, di pahi leei Lunda Empire nyɛla din be Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili zaŋ chaŋ Luapula Mɔɣili yaɣili. Di Nanima nyɛla ban daa pahi [[Slavery in Africa|daba daabilim]] ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Bethwell A. Ogot|title=Africa from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC&amp;pg=PA601|access-date=24 January 2011|date=July 1992|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=978-92-3-101711-7|pages=580, 601, 605}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lunda yɛliginsim ŋɔ nyɛla din kpaŋsi siyaasa tali mini bɛ kaya ni taada ka daa lahi nyɛ luɣ'shɛli din kpaŋsiri daba dabu ka dizuɣu nyɛ din daa boori bɛ kalinli bin din gbaai  Kwango mini Kwilu mɔɣa yaɣili.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992, p.607&quot;&gt;Ogot, p.607&lt;/ref&gt;

Portugalnima nyɛla ban daa deegi Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ ka daa deegi yaa ka chɛ Kasanje.&lt;ref =history&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.com/topics/angola |title=Angola |access-date=25 January 2011 |publisher=History.com |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308180859/http://www.history.com/topics/angola |archive-date=8 March 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ daa nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Portugalnima din daa niŋ ka bɛ daa dihi bɛ nuu gbana zuɣu Lisbon Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1891 ka daa sokam daa baŋ di yɛla Silimiin goli March biɛɣ'pishi ni anahi dali yuuni 1894.&lt;ref name=&quot;BrownlieBurns1979&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Brownlie|first1=Ian|last2=Burns|first2=Ian R.|title=African boundaries: a legal and diplomatic encyclopaedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8Du4k0udx4C&amp;pg=PA492|access-date=25 January 2011|year=1979|publisher=C. Hurst|isbn=978-0-903983-87-7|page=492}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Cuango, Angola|Cuango]] nyɛla din be Lunda Norte yaɣili, Cuango mɔɣili nyɛla din be lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka nyɛ luɣ'shɛli niriba pam ni mi ka di nyɛ daamɔn bayili  Angola&quot;, daamɔn liɣiri ni be luɣ'shɛli Angola. Tiŋ maa  nyɛla din daa mali nu'timbu [[Angolan Civil War]], saha din daa niŋ ka Uniao Nacional para a Independencia Total de Angola ([[UNITA]]) mini gomnanti soojanima nyɛ ban daa bori ni bɛ deegi tiŋ maa yaa la. UNITA nyɛla ban daa gili tiŋ maa Silimiin goli September biɛɣ'pihita dali yuuni 1997 ka di nyɛ din daa be  [[Lusaka Protocol]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JamesBroadhead2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first1=W. Martin |last1=James|first2=Susan Herlin |last2=Broadhead|title=Historical dictionary of Angola|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame|url-access=registration |access-date=25 January 2011|year=2004|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-4940-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame/page/41 41]–}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Geography==
{{stack|[[File:Kwango River.png|thumb|350px|Map of Kwango River watershed.]]}}
Cuango nyɛla din piligi [[Cacolo|Alto Chicapa]] din be Angolan yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Lunda Sul ka nyɛ din zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chani nti chirigiri Democratic Republic of the Congo tiŋgbani tarisi pɔi ka naayi chirigi [[Kasai River]] din miri tiŋ yuli booni Bandundo. Di nyɛla din zɔri chani n ti luri  [[Congo River]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JamesBroadhead2004&quot;/&gt;

Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 1,100 ka chɛ di ni piligi luɣ'shɛli zaŋ labi Congo Mɔɣili, di waɣilim lahi nyɛla kilomitanima kɔbisinii ni pihinu ni anu ka chɛ Angola.&lt;ref name=Brit/&gt;&lt;ref name=Great/&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din yihiri kom kamani {{Convert|263500|km2}}. Di nudirigu zuɣu mɔɣ'bihi nyɛ Wamba mini Kwilu mɔɣa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Free&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title=Kwango |access-date=24 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Culture==
Balli shɛŋa ban be Mɔɣili ŋɔ shee nyɛ Yaka, Suku, Mbala n ti pahi Pende.&lt;ref name=Kwango&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title=Kwango River|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kundivihira ==</text>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>2501</id>
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      <comment>Updated Content</comment>
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'''Cuango''' bee '''Kwango''' ({{langx|pt|Rio Cuango}}; {{langx|fr|Rivière Kwango}}; {{langx|nl|Kwango Rivier}}) mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣili din gari [[Angola]] mini Decomcratic Republic of Congo. Di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'titali di yi kana mɔɣa din be nuzaa zuɣu zaŋ n-ti [[Kasai River|Kasai Mɔɣili]] din be Congo mɔɣili.&lt;ref name=Brit&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title= Kwango River|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Great&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title= Kwango|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher= The Free Dictionary by Farlex of The Great Soviet Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri gariti [[Malanje]] din be Angola. e Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daamɔn pam Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster din be Lunda Norte yaɣili.&lt;ref name=Project&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_55754.html|title=Kwango River Project|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=BRC Congo Development S.P.R.L.; Kwango Mining S.P.R.L.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 19th century, Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli '''Quango''', di gbaai bahindi David Livingstone tuma saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;livingstone&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/missionary-travels-manuscript/glossary-key-terms-in-the-missionary-travels-manuscript |title=Glossary of Key Terms in the Missionary Travels Manuscript |first=Justin D. |last=Livingstone |date=2019 |work=Livingstone Online |accessdate=6 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taarihi ==
Rund Kingdom, di pahi leei Lunda Empire nyɛla din be Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili zaŋ chaŋ Luapula Mɔɣili yaɣili. Di Nanima nyɛla ban daa pahi [[Slavery in Africa|daba daabilim]] ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Bethwell A. Ogot|title=Africa from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC&amp;pg=PA601|access-date=24 January 2011|date=July 1992|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=978-92-3-101711-7|pages=580, 601, 605}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lunda yɛliginsim ŋɔ nyɛla din kpaŋsi siyaasa tali mini bɛ kaya ni taada ka daa lahi nyɛ luɣ'shɛli din kpaŋsiri daba dabu ka dizuɣu nyɛ din daa boori bɛ kalinli bin din gbaai  Kwango mini Kwilu mɔɣa yaɣili.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992, p.607&quot;&gt;Ogot, p.607&lt;/ref&gt;

Portugalnima nyɛla ban daa deegi Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ ka daa deegi yaa ka chɛ Kasanje.&lt;ref =history&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.com/topics/angola |title=Angola |access-date=25 January 2011 |publisher=History.com |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308180859/http://www.history.com/topics/angola |archive-date=8 March 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ daa nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Portugalnima din daa niŋ ka bɛ daa dihi bɛ nuu gbana zuɣu Lisbon Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1891 ka daa sokam daa baŋ di yɛla Silimiin goli March biɛɣ'pishi ni anahi dali yuuni 1894.&lt;ref name=&quot;BrownlieBurns1979&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Brownlie|first1=Ian|last2=Burns|first2=Ian R.|title=African boundaries: a legal and diplomatic encyclopaedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8Du4k0udx4C&amp;pg=PA492|access-date=25 January 2011|year=1979|publisher=C. Hurst|isbn=978-0-903983-87-7|page=492}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Cuango, Angola|Cuango]] nyɛla din be Lunda Norte yaɣili, Cuango mɔɣili nyɛla din be lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka nyɛ luɣ'shɛli niriba pam ni mi ka di nyɛ daamɔn bayili  Angola&quot;, daamɔn liɣiri ni be luɣ'shɛli Angola. Tiŋ maa  nyɛla din daa mali nu'timbu [[Angolan Civil War]], saha din daa niŋ ka Uniao Nacional para a Independencia Total de Angola ([[UNITA]]) mini gomnanti soojanima nyɛ ban daa bori ni bɛ deegi tiŋ maa yaa la. UNITA nyɛla ban daa gili tiŋ maa Silimiin goli September biɛɣ'pihita dali yuuni 1997 ka di nyɛ din daa be  [[Lusaka Protocol]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JamesBroadhead2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first1=W. Martin |last1=James|first2=Susan Herlin |last2=Broadhead|title=Historical dictionary of Angola|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame|url-access=registration |access-date=25 January 2011|year=2004|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-4940-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame/page/41 41]–}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Geography==
{{stack|[[File:Kwango River.png|thumb|350px|Map of Kwango River watershed.]]}}
Cuango nyɛla din piligi [[Cacolo|Alto Chicapa]] din be Angolan yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Lunda Sul ka nyɛ din zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chani nti chirigiri Democratic Republic of the Congo tiŋgbani tarisi pɔi ka naayi chirigi [[Kasai River]] din miri tiŋ yuli booni Bandundo. Di nyɛla din zɔri chani n ti luri  [[Congo River]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JamesBroadhead2004&quot;/&gt;

Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 1,100 ka chɛ di ni piligi luɣ'shɛli zaŋ labi Congo Mɔɣili, di waɣilim lahi nyɛla kilomitanima kɔbisinii ni pihinu ni anu ka chɛ Angola.&lt;ref name=Brit/&gt;&lt;ref name=Great/&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din yihiri kom kamani {{Convert|263500|km2}}. Di nudirigu zuɣu mɔɣ'bihi nyɛ Wamba mini Kwilu mɔɣa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Free&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title=Kwango |access-date=24 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Culture==
Balli shɛŋa ban be Mɔɣili ŋɔ shee nyɛ Yaka, Suku, Mbala n ti pahi Pende.&lt;ref name=Kwango&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title=Kwango River|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kundivihira ==</text>
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'''Cuango''' bee '''Kwango''' ({{langx|pt|Rio Cuango}}; {{langx|fr|Rivière Kwango}}; {{langx|nl|Kwango Rivier}}) mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣili din gari [[Angola]] mini Decomcratic Republic of Congo. Di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'titali di yi kana mɔɣa din be nuzaa zuɣu zaŋ n-ti [[Kasai River|Kasai Mɔɣili]] din be Congo mɔɣili.&lt;ref name=Brit&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title= Kwango River|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Great&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title= Kwango|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher= The Free Dictionary by Farlex of The Great Soviet Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri gariti [[Malanje]] din be Angola. e Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daamɔn pam Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster din be Lunda Norte yaɣili.&lt;ref name=Project&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_55754.html|title=Kwango River Project|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=BRC Congo Development S.P.R.L.; Kwango Mining S.P.R.L.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 19th century, Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli '''Quango''', di gbaai bahindi David Livingstone tuma saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;livingstone&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/missionary-travels-manuscript/glossary-key-terms-in-the-missionary-travels-manuscript |title=Glossary of Key Terms in the Missionary Travels Manuscript |first=Justin D. |last=Livingstone |date=2019 |work=Livingstone Online |accessdate=6 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taarihi ==
Rund Kingdom, di pahi leei Lunda Empire nyɛla din be Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili zaŋ chaŋ Luapula Mɔɣili yaɣili. Di Nanima nyɛla ban daa pahi [[Slavery in Africa|daba daabilim]] ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Bethwell A. Ogot|title=Africa from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC&amp;pg=PA601|access-date=24 January 2011|date=July 1992|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=978-92-3-101711-7|pages=580, 601, 605}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lunda yɛliginsim ŋɔ nyɛla din kpaŋsi siyaasa tali mini bɛ kaya ni taada ka daa lahi nyɛ luɣ'shɛli din kpaŋsiri daba dabu ka dizuɣu nyɛ din daa boori bɛ kalinli bin din gbaai  Kwango mini Kwilu mɔɣa yaɣili.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992, p.607&quot;&gt;Ogot, p.607&lt;/ref&gt;

Portugalnima nyɛla ban daa deegi Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ ka daa deegi yaa ka chɛ Kasanje.&lt;ref =history&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.com/topics/angola |title=Angola |access-date=25 January 2011 |publisher=History.com |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308180859/http://www.history.com/topics/angola |archive-date=8 March 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ daa nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Portugalnima din daa niŋ ka bɛ daa dihi bɛ nuu gbana zuɣu Lisbon Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1891 ka daa sokam daa baŋ di yɛla Silimiin goli March biɛɣ'pishi ni anahi dali yuuni 1894.&lt;ref name=&quot;BrownlieBurns1979&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Brownlie|first1=Ian|last2=Burns|first2=Ian R.|title=African boundaries: a legal and diplomatic encyclopaedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8Du4k0udx4C&amp;pg=PA492|access-date=25 January 2011|year=1979|publisher=C. Hurst|isbn=978-0-903983-87-7|page=492}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Cuango, Angola|Cuango]] nyɛla din be Lunda Norte yaɣili, Cuango mɔɣili nyɛla din be lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka nyɛ luɣ'shɛli niriba pam ni mi ka di nyɛ daamɔn bayili  Angola&quot;, daamɔn liɣiri ni be luɣ'shɛli Angola. Tiŋ maa  nyɛla din daa mali nu'timbu [[Angolan Civil War]], saha din daa niŋ ka Uniao Nacional para a Independencia Total de Angola ([[UNITA]]) mini gomnanti soojanima nyɛ ban daa bori ni bɛ deegi tiŋ maa yaa la. UNITA nyɛla ban daa gili tiŋ maa Silimiin goli September biɛɣ'pihita dali yuuni 1997 ka di nyɛ din daa be  [[Lusaka Protocol]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JamesBroadhead2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first1=W. Martin |last1=James|first2=Susan Herlin |last2=Broadhead|title=Historical dictionary of Angola|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame|url-access=registration |access-date=25 January 2011|year=2004|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-4940-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame/page/41 41]–}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Geography==
{{stack|[[File:Kwango River.png|thumb|350px|Map of Kwango River watershed.]]}}
Cuango nyɛla din piligi [[Cacolo|Alto Chicapa]] din be Angolan yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Lunda Sul ka nyɛ din zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chani nti chirigiri Democratic Republic of the Congo tiŋgbani tarisi pɔi ka naayi chirigi [[Kasai River|Kasai Mɔɣili]]  din miri tiŋ yuli booni Bandundo. Di nyɛla din zɔri chani n ti luri  [[Congo River]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JamesBroadhead2004&quot;/&gt;

Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 1,100 ka chɛ di ni piligi luɣ'shɛli zaŋ labi Congo Mɔɣili, di waɣilim lahi nyɛla kilomitanima kɔbisinii ni pihinu ni anu ka chɛ Angola.&lt;ref name=Brit/&gt;&lt;ref name=Great/&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din yihiri kom kamani {{Convert|263500|km2}}. Di nudirigu zuɣu mɔɣ'bihi nyɛ Wamba mini Kwilu mɔɣa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Free&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title=Kwango |access-date=24 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Culture==
Balli shɛŋa ban be Mɔɣili ŋɔ shee nyɛ Yaka, Suku, Mbala n ti pahi Pende.&lt;ref name=Kwango&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title=Kwango River|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kundivihira ==</text>
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'''Cuango''' bee '''Kwango''' ({{langx|pt|Rio Cuango}}; {{langx|fr|Rivière Kwango}}; {{langx|nl|Kwango Rivier}}) mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣili din gari [[Angola]] mini Decomcratic Republic of Congo. Di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'titali di yi kana mɔɣa din be nuzaa zuɣu zaŋ n-ti [[Kasai River|Kasai Mɔɣili]] din be Congo mɔɣili.&lt;ref name=Brit&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title= Kwango River|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Great&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title= Kwango|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher= The Free Dictionary by Farlex of The Great Soviet Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri gariti [[Malanje]] din be Angola. e Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daamɔn pam Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster din be Lunda Norte yaɣili.&lt;ref name=Project&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_55754.html|title=Kwango River Project|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=BRC Congo Development S.P.R.L.; Kwango Mining S.P.R.L.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 19th century, Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli '''Quango''', di gbaai bahindi David Livingstone tuma saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;livingstone&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/missionary-travels-manuscript/glossary-key-terms-in-the-missionary-travels-manuscript |title=Glossary of Key Terms in the Missionary Travels Manuscript |first=Justin D. |last=Livingstone |date=2019 |work=Livingstone Online |accessdate=6 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taarihi ==
Rund Kingdom, di pahi leei Lunda Empire nyɛla din be Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili zaŋ chaŋ Luapula Mɔɣili yaɣili. Di Nanima nyɛla ban daa pahi [[Slavery in Africa|daba daabilim]] ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Bethwell A. Ogot|title=Africa from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC&amp;pg=PA601|access-date=24 January 2011|date=July 1992|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=978-92-3-101711-7|pages=580, 601, 605}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lunda yɛliginsim ŋɔ nyɛla din kpaŋsi siyaasa tali mini bɛ kaya ni taada ka daa lahi nyɛ luɣ'shɛli din kpaŋsiri daba dabu ka dizuɣu nyɛ din daa boori bɛ kalinli bin din gbaai  Kwango mini Kwilu mɔɣa yaɣili.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992, p.607&quot;&gt;Ogot, p.607&lt;/ref&gt;

Portugalnima nyɛla ban daa deegi Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ ka daa deegi yaa ka chɛ Kasanje.&lt;ref =history&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.com/topics/angola |title=Angola |access-date=25 January 2011 |publisher=History.com |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308180859/http://www.history.com/topics/angola |archive-date=8 March 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ daa nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Portugalnima din daa niŋ ka bɛ daa dihi bɛ nuu gbana zuɣu Lisbon Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1891 ka daa sokam daa baŋ di yɛla Silimiin goli March biɛɣ'pishi ni anahi dali yuuni 1894.&lt;ref name=&quot;BrownlieBurns1979&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Brownlie|first1=Ian|last2=Burns|first2=Ian R.|title=African boundaries: a legal and diplomatic encyclopaedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8Du4k0udx4C&amp;pg=PA492|access-date=25 January 2011|year=1979|publisher=C. Hurst|isbn=978-0-903983-87-7|page=492}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Cuango, Angola|Cuango]] nyɛla din be Lunda Norte yaɣili, Cuango mɔɣili nyɛla din be lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka nyɛ luɣ'shɛli niriba pam ni mi ka di nyɛ daamɔn bayili  Angola&quot;, daamɔn liɣiri ni be luɣ'shɛli Angola. Tiŋ maa  nyɛla din daa mali nu'timbu [[Angolan Civil War]], saha din daa niŋ ka Uniao Nacional para a Independencia Total de Angola ([[UNITA]]) mini gomnanti soojanima nyɛ ban daa bori ni bɛ deegi tiŋ maa yaa la. UNITA nyɛla ban daa gili tiŋ maa Silimiin goli September biɛɣ'pihita dali yuuni 1997 ka di nyɛ din daa be  [[Lusaka Protocol]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JamesBroadhead2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first1=W. Martin |last1=James|first2=Susan Herlin |last2=Broadhead|title=Historical dictionary of Angola|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame|url-access=registration |access-date=25 January 2011|year=2004|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-4940-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame/page/41 41]–}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Geography==
{{stack|[[File:Kwango River.png|thumb|350px|Map of Kwango River watershed.]]}}
Cuango nyɛla din piligi [[Cacolo|Alto Chicapa]] din be Angolan yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Lunda Sul ka nyɛ din zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chani nti chirigiri Democratic Republic of the Congo tiŋgbani tarisi pɔi ka naayi chirigi [[Kasai River|Kasai Mɔɣili]]  din miri tiŋ yuli booni Bandundo. Di nyɛla din zɔri chani n ti luri  [[Congo River]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JamesBroadhead2004&quot;/&gt;

Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 1,100 ka chɛ di ni piligi luɣ'shɛli zaŋ labi Congo Mɔɣili, di waɣilim lahi nyɛla kilomitanima kɔbisinii ni pihinu ni anu ka chɛ Angola.&lt;ref name=Brit/&gt;&lt;ref name=Great/&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din yihiri kom kamani {{Convert|263500|km2}}. Di nudirigu zuɣu mɔɣ'bihi nyɛ Wamba mini Kwilu mɔɣa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Free&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title=Kwango |access-date=24 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Culture==
Balli shɛŋa ban be Mɔɣili ŋɔ shee nyɛ Yaka, Suku, Mbala n ti pahi Pende.&lt;ref name=Kwango&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title=Kwango River|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Economy==
Mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛli puuni bɛ ni gbahiri zahim,&lt;ref name=Free/&gt; di lahi nyɛla mɔɣili din sɔŋ pukparilim. saha shɛli haa, bɛ daa niŋdi la abɛ'kpam mini lubbernima daabilim mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;FishFish2001&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Fish|first1=Bruce|last2=Fish|first2=Becky Durost|title=The Congo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8qxA7unER3MC&amp;pg=PA14|access-date=25 January 2011|date=May 2001|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-7910-6198-5|page=14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Heintze2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Heintze|first=Beatrix|title=Angola on the move: transport routes, communications and history|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jkEN9mvNbRQC&amp;pg=PA85|access-date=25 January 2011|year=2008|publisher=Verlag Otto Lembeck|isbn=978-3-87476-553-4|page=85}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Kundivihira ==</text>
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'''Cuango''' bee '''Kwango''' ({{langx|pt|Rio Cuango}}; {{langx|fr|Rivière Kwango}}; {{langx|nl|Kwango Rivier}}) mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣili din gari [[Angola]] mini Decomcratic Republic of Congo. Di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'titali di yi kana mɔɣa din be nuzaa zuɣu zaŋ n-ti [[Kasai River|Kasai Mɔɣili]] din be Congo mɔɣili.&lt;ref name=Brit&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title= Kwango River|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Great&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title= Kwango|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher= The Free Dictionary by Farlex of The Great Soviet Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri gariti [[Malanje]] din be Angola. e Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daamɔn pam Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster din be Lunda Norte yaɣili.&lt;ref name=Project&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_55754.html|title=Kwango River Project|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=BRC Congo Development S.P.R.L.; Kwango Mining S.P.R.L.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 19th century, Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli '''Quango''', di gbaai bahindi David Livingstone tuma saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;livingstone&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/missionary-travels-manuscript/glossary-key-terms-in-the-missionary-travels-manuscript |title=Glossary of Key Terms in the Missionary Travels Manuscript |first=Justin D. |last=Livingstone |date=2019 |work=Livingstone Online |accessdate=6 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taarihi ==
Rund Kingdom, di pahi leei Lunda Empire nyɛla din be Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili zaŋ chaŋ Luapula Mɔɣili yaɣili. Di Nanima nyɛla ban daa pahi [[Slavery in Africa|daba daabilim]] ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Bethwell A. Ogot|title=Africa from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC&amp;pg=PA601|access-date=24 January 2011|date=July 1992|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=978-92-3-101711-7|pages=580, 601, 605}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lunda yɛliginsim ŋɔ nyɛla din kpaŋsi siyaasa tali mini bɛ kaya ni taada ka daa lahi nyɛ luɣ'shɛli din kpaŋsiri daba dabu ka dizuɣu nyɛ din daa boori bɛ kalinli bin din gbaai  Kwango mini Kwilu mɔɣa yaɣili.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992, p.607&quot;&gt;Ogot, p.607&lt;/ref&gt;

Portugalnima nyɛla ban daa deegi Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ ka daa deegi yaa ka chɛ Kasanje.&lt;ref =history&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.com/topics/angola |title=Angola |access-date=25 January 2011 |publisher=History.com |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308180859/http://www.history.com/topics/angola |archive-date=8 March 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ daa nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Portugalnima din daa niŋ ka bɛ daa dihi bɛ nuu gbana zuɣu Lisbon Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1891 ka daa sokam daa baŋ di yɛla Silimiin goli March biɛɣ'pishi ni anahi dali yuuni 1894.&lt;ref name=&quot;BrownlieBurns1979&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Brownlie|first1=Ian|last2=Burns|first2=Ian R.|title=African boundaries: a legal and diplomatic encyclopaedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8Du4k0udx4C&amp;pg=PA492|access-date=25 January 2011|year=1979|publisher=C. Hurst|isbn=978-0-903983-87-7|page=492}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Cuango, Angola|Cuango]] nyɛla din be Lunda Norte yaɣili, Cuango mɔɣili nyɛla din be lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka nyɛ luɣ'shɛli niriba pam ni mi ka di nyɛ daamɔn bayili  Angola&quot;, daamɔn liɣiri ni be luɣ'shɛli Angola. Tiŋ maa  nyɛla din daa mali nu'timbu [[Angolan Civil War]], saha din daa niŋ ka Uniao Nacional para a Independencia Total de Angola ([[UNITA]]) mini gomnanti soojanima nyɛ ban daa bori ni bɛ deegi tiŋ maa yaa la. UNITA nyɛla ban daa gili tiŋ maa Silimiin goli September biɛɣ'pihita dali yuuni 1997 ka di nyɛ din daa be  [[Lusaka Protocol]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JamesBroadhead2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first1=W. Martin |last1=James|first2=Susan Herlin |last2=Broadhead|title=Historical dictionary of Angola|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame|url-access=registration |access-date=25 January 2011|year=2004|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-4940-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame/page/41 41]–}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Geography==
{{stack|[[File:Kwango River.png|thumb|350px|Map of Kwango River watershed.]]}}
Cuango nyɛla din piligi [[Cacolo|Alto Chicapa]] din be Angolan yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Lunda Sul ka nyɛ din zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chani nti chirigiri Democratic Republic of the Congo tiŋgbani tarisi pɔi ka naayi chirigi [[Kasai River|Kasai Mɔɣili]]  din miri tiŋ yuli booni Bandundo. Di nyɛla din zɔri chani n ti luri  [[Congo River]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JamesBroadhead2004&quot;/&gt;

Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 1,100 ka chɛ di ni piligi luɣ'shɛli zaŋ labi Congo Mɔɣili, di waɣilim lahi nyɛla kilomitanima kɔbisinii ni pihinu ni anu ka chɛ Angola.&lt;ref name=Brit/&gt;&lt;ref name=Great/&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din yihiri kom kamani {{Convert|263500|km2}}. Di nudirigu zuɣu mɔɣ'bihi nyɛ Wamba mini Kwilu mɔɣa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Free&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title=Kwango |access-date=24 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Culture==
Balli shɛŋa ban be Mɔɣili ŋɔ shee nyɛ Yaka, Suku, Mbala n ti pahi Pende.&lt;ref name=Kwango&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title=Kwango River|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Economy==
Mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛli puuni bɛ ni gbahiri zahim,&lt;ref name=Free/&gt; di lahi nyɛla mɔɣili din sɔŋ pukparilim. saha shɛli haa, bɛ daa niŋdi la abɛ'kpam mini lubbernima daabilim mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;FishFish2001&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Fish|first1=Bruce|last2=Fish|first2=Becky Durost|title=The Congo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8qxA7unER3MC&amp;pg=PA14|access-date=25 January 2011|date=May 2001|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-7910-6198-5|page=14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Heintze2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Heintze|first=Beatrix|title=Angola on the move: transport routes, communications and history|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jkEN9mvNbRQC&amp;pg=PA85|access-date=25 January 2011|year=2008|publisher=Verlag Otto Lembeck|isbn=978-3-87476-553-4|page=85}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daabilim shɛli din mali yaa pam mɔɣili ŋɔ shee saha ŋɔ nyɛla zaŋ n-ti [[Angola|Angolan State]] nyɛla daamɔn. Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din mali daamɔn ŋɔ pam Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster din be Lunda Norte yaɣili.  Lunda Norte yaɣili mini Lund Sul yaɣili nyɛ din mali daamɔn pam Angola.&lt;ref name=Dockstock&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/49105357/De-Beers-diamonds-and-Angola-developing-an-understanding-of|title=De Beers, diamonds and Angola developing an understanding |pages=37–39|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher= Dockstock – Documents for Special Business and Professionals}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Kundivihira ==</text>
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'''Cuango''' bee '''Kwango''' ({{langx|pt|Rio Cuango}}; {{langx|fr|Rivière Kwango}}; {{langx|nl|Kwango Rivier}}) mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣili din gari [[Angola]] mini Decomcratic Republic of Congo. Di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'titali di yi kana mɔɣa din be nuzaa zuɣu zaŋ n-ti [[Kasai River|Kasai Mɔɣili]] din be Congo mɔɣili.&lt;ref name=Brit&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title= Kwango River|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Great&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title= Kwango|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher= The Free Dictionary by Farlex of The Great Soviet Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri gariti [[Malanje]] din be Angola. e Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daamɔn pam Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster din be Lunda Norte yaɣili.&lt;ref name=Project&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_55754.html|title=Kwango River Project|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=BRC Congo Development S.P.R.L.; Kwango Mining S.P.R.L.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 19th century, Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli '''Quango''', di gbaai bahindi David Livingstone tuma saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;livingstone&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/missionary-travels-manuscript/glossary-key-terms-in-the-missionary-travels-manuscript |title=Glossary of Key Terms in the Missionary Travels Manuscript |first=Justin D. |last=Livingstone |date=2019 |work=Livingstone Online |accessdate=6 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taarihi ==
Rund Kingdom, di pahi leei Lunda Empire nyɛla din be Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili zaŋ chaŋ Luapula Mɔɣili yaɣili. Di Nanima nyɛla ban daa pahi [[Slavery in Africa|daba daabilim]] ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Bethwell A. Ogot|title=Africa from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC&amp;pg=PA601|access-date=24 January 2011|date=July 1992|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=978-92-3-101711-7|pages=580, 601, 605}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lunda yɛliginsim ŋɔ nyɛla din kpaŋsi siyaasa tali mini bɛ kaya ni taada ka daa lahi nyɛ luɣ'shɛli din kpaŋsiri daba dabu ka dizuɣu nyɛ din daa boori bɛ kalinli bin din gbaai  Kwango mini Kwilu mɔɣa yaɣili.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992, p.607&quot;&gt;Ogot, p.607&lt;/ref&gt;

Portugalnima nyɛla ban daa deegi Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ ka daa deegi yaa ka chɛ Kasanje.&lt;ref =history&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.com/topics/angola |title=Angola |access-date=25 January 2011 |publisher=History.com |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308180859/http://www.history.com/topics/angola |archive-date=8 March 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ daa nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Portugalnima din daa niŋ ka bɛ daa dihi bɛ nuu gbana zuɣu Lisbon Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1891 ka daa sokam daa baŋ di yɛla Silimiin goli March biɛɣ'pishi ni anahi dali yuuni 1894.&lt;ref name=&quot;BrownlieBurns1979&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Brownlie|first1=Ian|last2=Burns|first2=Ian R.|title=African boundaries: a legal and diplomatic encyclopaedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8Du4k0udx4C&amp;pg=PA492|access-date=25 January 2011|year=1979|publisher=C. Hurst|isbn=978-0-903983-87-7|page=492}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Cuango, Angola|Cuango]] nyɛla din be Lunda Norte yaɣili, Cuango mɔɣili nyɛla din be lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka nyɛ luɣ'shɛli niriba pam ni mi ka di nyɛ daamɔn bayili  Angola&quot;, daamɔn liɣiri ni be luɣ'shɛli Angola. Tiŋ maa  nyɛla din daa mali nu'timbu [[Angolan Civil War]], saha din daa niŋ ka Uniao Nacional para a Independencia Total de Angola ([[UNITA]]) mini gomnanti soojanima nyɛ ban daa bori ni bɛ deegi tiŋ maa yaa la. UNITA nyɛla ban daa gili tiŋ maa Silimiin goli September biɛɣ'pihita dali yuuni 1997 ka di nyɛ din daa be  [[Lusaka Protocol]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JamesBroadhead2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first1=W. Martin |last1=James|first2=Susan Herlin |last2=Broadhead|title=Historical dictionary of Angola|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame|url-access=registration |access-date=25 January 2011|year=2004|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-4940-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame/page/41 41]–}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Geography==
{{stack|[[File:Kwango River.png|thumb|350px|Map of Kwango River watershed.]]}}
Cuango nyɛla din piligi [[Cacolo|Alto Chicapa]] din be Angolan yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Lunda Sul ka nyɛ din zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chani nti chirigiri Democratic Republic of the Congo tiŋgbani tarisi pɔi ka naayi chirigi [[Kasai River|Kasai Mɔɣili]]  din miri tiŋ yuli booni Bandundo. Di nyɛla din zɔri chani n ti luri  [[Congo River]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JamesBroadhead2004&quot;/&gt;

Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 1,100 ka chɛ di ni piligi luɣ'shɛli zaŋ labi Congo Mɔɣili, di waɣilim lahi nyɛla kilomitanima kɔbisinii ni pihinu ni anu ka chɛ Angola.&lt;ref name=Brit/&gt;&lt;ref name=Great/&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din yihiri kom kamani {{Convert|263500|km2}}. Di nudirigu zuɣu mɔɣ'bihi nyɛ Wamba mini Kwilu mɔɣa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Free&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title=Kwango |access-date=24 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kaya ni taada ==
Balli shɛŋa ban be Mɔɣili ŋɔ shee nyɛ Yaka, Suku, Mbala n ti pahi Pende.&lt;ref name=Kwango&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title=Kwango River|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Economy==
Mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛli puuni bɛ ni gbahiri zahim,&lt;ref name=Free/&gt; di lahi nyɛla mɔɣili din sɔŋ pukparilim. saha shɛli haa, bɛ daa niŋdi la abɛ'kpam mini lubbernima daabilim mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;FishFish2001&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Fish|first1=Bruce|last2=Fish|first2=Becky Durost|title=The Congo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8qxA7unER3MC&amp;pg=PA14|access-date=25 January 2011|date=May 2001|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-7910-6198-5|page=14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Heintze2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Heintze|first=Beatrix|title=Angola on the move: transport routes, communications and history|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jkEN9mvNbRQC&amp;pg=PA85|access-date=25 January 2011|year=2008|publisher=Verlag Otto Lembeck|isbn=978-3-87476-553-4|page=85}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daabilim shɛli din mali yaa pam mɔɣili ŋɔ shee saha ŋɔ nyɛla zaŋ n-ti [[Angola|Angolan State]] nyɛla daamɔn. Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din mali daamɔn ŋɔ pam Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster din be Lunda Norte yaɣili.  Lunda Norte yaɣili mini Lund Sul yaɣili nyɛ din mali daamɔn pam Angola.&lt;ref name=Dockstock&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/49105357/De-Beers-diamonds-and-Angola-developing-an-understanding-of|title=De Beers, diamonds and Angola developing an understanding |pages=37–39|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher= Dockstock – Documents for Special Business and Professionals}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Kundivihira ==</text>
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'''Cuango''' bee '''Kwango''' ({{langx|pt|Rio Cuango}}; {{langx|fr|Rivière Kwango}}; {{langx|nl|Kwango Rivier}}) mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣili din gari [[Angola]] mini Decomcratic Republic of Congo. Di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'titali di yi kana mɔɣa din be nuzaa zuɣu zaŋ n-ti [[Kasai River|Kasai Mɔɣili]] din be Congo mɔɣili.&lt;ref name=Brit&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title= Kwango River|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Great&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title= Kwango|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher= The Free Dictionary by Farlex of The Great Soviet Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri gariti [[Malanje]] din be Angola. e Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daamɔn pam Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster din be Lunda Norte yaɣili.&lt;ref name=Project&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_55754.html|title=Kwango River Project|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=BRC Congo Development S.P.R.L.; Kwango Mining S.P.R.L.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 19th century, Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli '''Quango''', di gbaai bahindi David Livingstone tuma saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;livingstone&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/missionary-travels-manuscript/glossary-key-terms-in-the-missionary-travels-manuscript |title=Glossary of Key Terms in the Missionary Travels Manuscript |first=Justin D. |last=Livingstone |date=2019 |work=Livingstone Online |accessdate=6 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taarihi ==
Rund Kingdom, di pahi leei Lunda Empire nyɛla din be Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili zaŋ chaŋ Luapula Mɔɣili yaɣili. Di Nanima nyɛla ban daa pahi [[Slavery in Africa|daba daabilim]] ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Bethwell A. Ogot|title=Africa from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC&amp;pg=PA601|access-date=24 January 2011|date=July 1992|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=978-92-3-101711-7|pages=580, 601, 605}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lunda yɛliginsim ŋɔ nyɛla din kpaŋsi siyaasa tali mini bɛ kaya ni taada ka daa lahi nyɛ luɣ'shɛli din kpaŋsiri daba dabu ka dizuɣu nyɛ din daa boori bɛ kalinli bin din gbaai  Kwango mini Kwilu mɔɣa yaɣili.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992, p.607&quot;&gt;Ogot, p.607&lt;/ref&gt;

Portugalnima nyɛla ban daa deegi Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ ka daa deegi yaa ka chɛ Kasanje.&lt;ref =history&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.com/topics/angola |title=Angola |access-date=25 January 2011 |publisher=History.com |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308180859/http://www.history.com/topics/angola |archive-date=8 March 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ daa nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Portugalnima din daa niŋ ka bɛ daa dihi bɛ nuu gbana zuɣu Lisbon Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1891 ka daa sokam daa baŋ di yɛla Silimiin goli March biɛɣ'pishi ni anahi dali yuuni 1894.&lt;ref name=&quot;BrownlieBurns1979&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Brownlie|first1=Ian|last2=Burns|first2=Ian R.|title=African boundaries: a legal and diplomatic encyclopaedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8Du4k0udx4C&amp;pg=PA492|access-date=25 January 2011|year=1979|publisher=C. Hurst|isbn=978-0-903983-87-7|page=492}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Cuango, Angola|Cuango]] nyɛla din be Lunda Norte yaɣili, Cuango mɔɣili nyɛla din be lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka nyɛ luɣ'shɛli niriba pam ni mi ka di nyɛ daamɔn bayili  Angola&quot;, daamɔn liɣiri ni be luɣ'shɛli Angola. Tiŋ maa  nyɛla din daa mali nu'timbu [[Angolan Civil War]], saha din daa niŋ ka Uniao Nacional para a Independencia Total de Angola ([[UNITA]]) mini gomnanti soojanima nyɛ ban daa bori ni bɛ deegi tiŋ maa yaa la. UNITA nyɛla ban daa gili tiŋ maa Silimiin goli September biɛɣ'pihita dali yuuni 1997 ka di nyɛ din daa be  [[Lusaka Protocol]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JamesBroadhead2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first1=W. Martin |last1=James|first2=Susan Herlin |last2=Broadhead|title=Historical dictionary of Angola|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame|url-access=registration |access-date=25 January 2011|year=2004|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-4940-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame/page/41 41]–}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Geography==
{{stack|[[File:Kwango River.png|thumb|350px|Map of Kwango River watershed.]]}}
Cuango nyɛla din piligi [[Cacolo|Alto Chicapa]] din be Angolan yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Lunda Sul ka nyɛ din zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chani nti chirigiri Democratic Republic of the Congo tiŋgbani tarisi pɔi ka naayi chirigi [[Kasai River|Kasai Mɔɣili]]  din miri tiŋ yuli booni Bandundo. Di nyɛla din zɔri chani n ti luri  [[Congo River]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JamesBroadhead2004&quot;/&gt;

Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 1,100 ka chɛ di ni piligi luɣ'shɛli zaŋ labi Congo Mɔɣili, di waɣilim lahi nyɛla kilomitanima kɔbisinii ni pihinu ni anu ka chɛ Angola.&lt;ref name=Brit/&gt;&lt;ref name=Great/&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din yihiri kom kamani {{Convert|263500|km2}}. Di nudirigu zuɣu mɔɣ'bihi nyɛ Wamba mini Kwilu mɔɣa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Free&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title=Kwango |access-date=24 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kaya ni taada ==
Balli shɛŋa ban be Mɔɣili ŋɔ shee nyɛ Yaka, Suku, Mbala n ti pahi Pende.&lt;ref name=Kwango&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title=Kwango River|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Daabilim ==
Mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛli puuni bɛ ni gbahiri zahim,&lt;ref name=Free/&gt; di lahi nyɛla mɔɣili din sɔŋ pukparilim. saha shɛli haa, bɛ daa niŋdi la abɛ'kpam mini lubbernima daabilim mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;FishFish2001&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Fish|first1=Bruce|last2=Fish|first2=Becky Durost|title=The Congo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8qxA7unER3MC&amp;pg=PA14|access-date=25 January 2011|date=May 2001|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-7910-6198-5|page=14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Heintze2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Heintze|first=Beatrix|title=Angola on the move: transport routes, communications and history|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jkEN9mvNbRQC&amp;pg=PA85|access-date=25 January 2011|year=2008|publisher=Verlag Otto Lembeck|isbn=978-3-87476-553-4|page=85}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daabilim shɛli din mali yaa pam mɔɣili ŋɔ shee saha ŋɔ nyɛla zaŋ n-ti [[Angola|Angolan State]] nyɛla daamɔn. Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din mali daamɔn ŋɔ pam Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster din be Lunda Norte yaɣili.  Lunda Norte yaɣili mini Lund Sul yaɣili nyɛ din mali daamɔn pam Angola.&lt;ref name=Dockstock&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/49105357/De-Beers-diamonds-and-Angola-developing-an-understanding-of|title=De Beers, diamonds and Angola developing an understanding |pages=37–39|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher= Dockstock – Documents for Special Business and Professionals}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Kundivihira ==</text>
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'''Cuango''' bee '''Kwango''' ({{langx|pt|Rio Cuango}}; {{langx|fr|Rivière Kwango}}; {{langx|nl|Kwango Rivier}}) mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣili din gari [[Angola]] mini Decomcratic Republic of Congo. Di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'titali di yi kana mɔɣa din be nuzaa zuɣu zaŋ n-ti [[Kasai River|Kasai Mɔɣili]] din be Congo mɔɣili.&lt;ref name=Brit&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title= Kwango River|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Great&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title= Kwango|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher= The Free Dictionary by Farlex of The Great Soviet Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri gariti [[Malanje]] din be Angola. e Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daamɔn pam Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster din be Lunda Norte yaɣili.&lt;ref name=Project&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_55754.html|title=Kwango River Project|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=BRC Congo Development S.P.R.L.; Kwango Mining S.P.R.L.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 19th century, Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli '''Quango''', di gbaai bahindi David Livingstone tuma saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;livingstone&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/missionary-travels-manuscript/glossary-key-terms-in-the-missionary-travels-manuscript |title=Glossary of Key Terms in the Missionary Travels Manuscript |first=Justin D. |last=Livingstone |date=2019 |work=Livingstone Online |accessdate=6 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taarihi ==
Rund Kingdom, di pahi leei Lunda Empire nyɛla din be Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili zaŋ chaŋ Luapula Mɔɣili yaɣili. Di Nanima nyɛla ban daa pahi [[Slavery in Africa|daba daabilim]] ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Bethwell A. Ogot|title=Africa from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC&amp;pg=PA601|access-date=24 January 2011|date=July 1992|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=978-92-3-101711-7|pages=580, 601, 605}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lunda yɛliginsim ŋɔ nyɛla din kpaŋsi siyaasa tali mini bɛ kaya ni taada ka daa lahi nyɛ luɣ'shɛli din kpaŋsiri daba dabu ka dizuɣu nyɛ din daa boori bɛ kalinli bin din gbaai  Kwango mini Kwilu mɔɣa yaɣili.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992, p.607&quot;&gt;Ogot, p.607&lt;/ref&gt;

Portugalnima nyɛla ban daa deegi Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ ka daa deegi yaa ka chɛ Kasanje.&lt;ref =history&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.com/topics/angola |title=Angola |access-date=25 January 2011 |publisher=History.com |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308180859/http://www.history.com/topics/angola |archive-date=8 March 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ daa nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Portugalnima din daa niŋ ka bɛ daa dihi bɛ nuu gbana zuɣu Lisbon Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1891 ka daa sokam daa baŋ di yɛla Silimiin goli March biɛɣ'pishi ni anahi dali yuuni 1894.&lt;ref name=&quot;BrownlieBurns1979&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Brownlie|first1=Ian|last2=Burns|first2=Ian R.|title=African boundaries: a legal and diplomatic encyclopaedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8Du4k0udx4C&amp;pg=PA492|access-date=25 January 2011|year=1979|publisher=C. Hurst|isbn=978-0-903983-87-7|page=492}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Cuango, Angola|Cuango]] nyɛla din be Lunda Norte yaɣili, Cuango mɔɣili nyɛla din be lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka nyɛ luɣ'shɛli niriba pam ni mi ka di nyɛ daamɔn bayili  Angola&quot;, daamɔn liɣiri ni be luɣ'shɛli Angola. Tiŋ maa  nyɛla din daa mali nu'timbu [[Angolan Civil War]], saha din daa niŋ ka Uniao Nacional para a Independencia Total de Angola ([[UNITA]]) mini gomnanti soojanima nyɛ ban daa bori ni bɛ deegi tiŋ maa yaa la. UNITA nyɛla ban daa gili tiŋ maa Silimiin goli September biɛɣ'pihita dali yuuni 1997 ka di nyɛ din daa be  [[Lusaka Protocol]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JamesBroadhead2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first1=W. Martin |last1=James|first2=Susan Herlin |last2=Broadhead|title=Historical dictionary of Angola|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame|url-access=registration |access-date=25 January 2011|year=2004|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-4940-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame/page/41 41]–}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Geography==
{{stack|[[File:Kwango River.png|thumb|350px|Map of Kwango River watershed.]]}}
Cuango nyɛla din piligi [[Cacolo|Alto Chicapa]] din be Angolan yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Lunda Sul ka nyɛ din zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chani nti chirigiri Democratic Republic of the Congo tiŋgbani tarisi pɔi ka naayi chirigi [[Kasai River|Kasai Mɔɣili]]  din miri tiŋ yuli booni Bandundo. Di nyɛla din zɔri chani n ti luri  [[Congo River]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JamesBroadhead2004&quot;/&gt;

Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 1,100 ka chɛ di ni piligi luɣ'shɛli zaŋ labi Congo Mɔɣili, di waɣilim lahi nyɛla kilomitanima kɔbisinii ni pihinu ni anu ka chɛ Angola.&lt;ref name=Brit/&gt;&lt;ref name=Great/&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din yihiri kom kamani {{Convert|263500|km2}}. Di nudirigu zuɣu mɔɣ'bihi nyɛ Wamba mini Kwilu mɔɣa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Free&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title=Kwango |access-date=24 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kaya ni taada ==
Balli shɛŋa ban be Mɔɣili ŋɔ shee nyɛ Yaka, Suku, Mbala n ti pahi Pende.&lt;ref name=Kwango&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title=Kwango River|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Daabilim ==
Mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛli puuni bɛ ni gbahiri zahim,&lt;ref name=Free/&gt; di lahi nyɛla mɔɣili din sɔŋ pukparilim. saha shɛli haa, bɛ daa niŋdi la abɛ'kpam mini lubbernima daabilim mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;FishFish2001&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Fish|first1=Bruce|last2=Fish|first2=Becky Durost|title=The Congo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8qxA7unER3MC&amp;pg=PA14|access-date=25 January 2011|date=May 2001|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-7910-6198-5|page=14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Heintze2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Heintze|first=Beatrix|title=Angola on the move: transport routes, communications and history|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jkEN9mvNbRQC&amp;pg=PA85|access-date=25 January 2011|year=2008|publisher=Verlag Otto Lembeck|isbn=978-3-87476-553-4|page=85}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daabilim shɛli din mali yaa pam mɔɣili ŋɔ shee saha ŋɔ nyɛla zaŋ n-ti [[Angola|Angolan State]] nyɛla daamɔn. Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din mali daamɔn ŋɔ pam Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster din be Lunda Norte yaɣili.  Lunda Norte yaɣili mini Lund Sul yaɣili nyɛ din mali daamɔn pam Angola.&lt;ref name=Dockstock&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/49105357/De-Beers-diamonds-and-Angola-developing-an-understanding-of|title=De Beers, diamonds and Angola developing an understanding |pages=37–39|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher= Dockstock – Documents for Special Business and Professionals}}&lt;/ref&gt;


==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Rivers of Angola}}
{{Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rivers of Angola]]
[[Category:Border rivers]]
[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Kasai River]]
[[Category:Angola–Democratic Republic of the Congo border]]</text>
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'''Cuango''' bee '''Kwango''' ({{langx|pt|Rio Cuango}}; {{langx|fr|Rivière Kwango}}; {{langx|nl|Kwango Rivier}}) mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣili din gari [[Angola]] mini Decomcratic Republic of Congo. Di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'titali di yi kana mɔɣa din be nuzaa zuɣu zaŋ n-ti [[Kasai River|Kasai Mɔɣili]] din be Congo mɔɣili.&lt;ref name=Brit&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title= Kwango River|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Great&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title= Kwango|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher= The Free Dictionary by Farlex of The Great Soviet Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri gariti [[Malanje]] din be Angola. e Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daamɔn pam Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster din be Lunda Norte yaɣili.&lt;ref name=Project&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_55754.html|title=Kwango River Project|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=BRC Congo Development S.P.R.L.; Kwango Mining S.P.R.L.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 19th century, Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli '''Quango''', di gbaai bahindi David Livingstone tuma saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;livingstone&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/missionary-travels-manuscript/glossary-key-terms-in-the-missionary-travels-manuscript |title=Glossary of Key Terms in the Missionary Travels Manuscript |first=Justin D. |last=Livingstone |date=2019 |work=Livingstone Online |accessdate=6 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taarihi ==
Rund Kingdom, di pahi leei Lunda Empire nyɛla din be Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili zaŋ chaŋ Luapula Mɔɣili yaɣili. Di Nanima nyɛla ban daa pahi [[Slavery in Africa|daba daabilim]] ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Bethwell A. Ogot|title=Africa from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC&amp;pg=PA601|access-date=24 January 2011|date=July 1992|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=978-92-3-101711-7|pages=580, 601, 605}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lunda yɛliginsim ŋɔ nyɛla din kpaŋsi siyaasa tali mini bɛ kaya ni taada ka daa lahi nyɛ luɣ'shɛli din kpaŋsiri daba dabu ka dizuɣu nyɛ din daa boori bɛ kalinli bin din gbaai  Kwango mini Kwilu mɔɣa yaɣili.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992, p.607&quot;&gt;Ogot, p.607&lt;/ref&gt;

Portugalnima nyɛla ban daa deegi Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ ka daa deegi yaa ka chɛ Kasanje.&lt;ref =history&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.com/topics/angola |title=Angola |access-date=25 January 2011 |publisher=History.com |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308180859/http://www.history.com/topics/angola |archive-date=8 March 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ daa nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Portugalnima din daa niŋ ka bɛ daa dihi bɛ nuu gbana zuɣu Lisbon Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1891 ka daa sokam daa baŋ di yɛla Silimiin goli March biɛɣ'pishi ni anahi dali yuuni 1894.&lt;ref name=&quot;BrownlieBurns1979&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Brownlie|first1=Ian|last2=Burns|first2=Ian R.|title=African boundaries: a legal and diplomatic encyclopaedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8Du4k0udx4C&amp;pg=PA492|access-date=25 January 2011|year=1979|publisher=C. Hurst|isbn=978-0-903983-87-7|page=492}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Cuango, Angola|Cuango]] nyɛla din be Lunda Norte yaɣili, Cuango mɔɣili nyɛla din be lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka nyɛ luɣ'shɛli niriba pam ni mi ka di nyɛ daamɔn bayili  Angola&quot;, daamɔn liɣiri ni be luɣ'shɛli Angola. Tiŋ maa  nyɛla din daa mali nu'timbu [[Angolan Civil War]], saha din daa niŋ ka Uniao Nacional para a Independencia Total de Angola ([[UNITA]]) mini gomnanti soojanima nyɛ ban daa bori ni bɛ deegi tiŋ maa yaa la. UNITA nyɛla ban daa gili tiŋ maa Silimiin goli September biɛɣ'pihita dali yuuni 1997 ka di nyɛ din daa be  [[Lusaka Protocol]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JamesBroadhead2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first1=W. Martin |last1=James|first2=Susan Herlin |last2=Broadhead|title=Historical dictionary of Angola|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame|url-access=registration |access-date=25 January 2011|year=2004|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-4940-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame/page/41 41]–}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Geography==
{{stack|[[File:Kwango River.png|thumb|350px|Map of Kwango River watershed.]]}}
Cuango nyɛla din piligi [[Cacolo|Alto Chicapa]] din be Angolan yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Lunda Sul ka nyɛ din zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chani nti chirigiri Democratic Republic of the Congo tiŋgbani tarisi pɔi ka naayi chirigi [[Kasai River|Kasai Mɔɣili]]  din miri tiŋ yuli booni Bandundo. Di nyɛla din zɔri chani n ti luri  [[Congo River]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JamesBroadhead2004&quot;/&gt;

Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 1,100 ka chɛ di ni piligi luɣ'shɛli zaŋ labi Congo Mɔɣili, di waɣilim lahi nyɛla kilomitanima kɔbisinii ni pihinu ni anu ka chɛ Angola.&lt;ref name=Brit/&gt;&lt;ref name=Great/&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din yihiri kom kamani {{Convert|263500|km2}}. Di nudirigu zuɣu mɔɣ'bihi nyɛ Wamba mini Kwilu mɔɣa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Free&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title=Kwango |access-date=24 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kaya ni taada ==
Balli shɛŋa ban be Mɔɣili ŋɔ shee nyɛ Yaka, Suku, Mbala n ti pahi Pende.&lt;ref name=Kwango&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title=Kwango River|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Daabilim ==
Mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛli puuni bɛ ni gbahiri zahim,&lt;ref name=Free/&gt; di lahi nyɛla mɔɣili din sɔŋ pukparilim. saha shɛli haa, bɛ daa niŋdi la abɛ'kpam mini lubbernima daabilim mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;FishFish2001&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Fish|first1=Bruce|last2=Fish|first2=Becky Durost|title=The Congo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8qxA7unER3MC&amp;pg=PA14|access-date=25 January 2011|date=May 2001|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-7910-6198-5|page=14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Heintze2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Heintze|first=Beatrix|title=Angola on the move: transport routes, communications and history|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jkEN9mvNbRQC&amp;pg=PA85|access-date=25 January 2011|year=2008|publisher=Verlag Otto Lembeck|isbn=978-3-87476-553-4|page=85}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daabilim shɛli din mali yaa pam mɔɣili ŋɔ shee saha ŋɔ nyɛla zaŋ n-ti [[Angola|Angolan State]] nyɛla daamɔn. Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din mali daamɔn ŋɔ pam Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster din be Lunda Norte yaɣili.  Lunda Norte yaɣili mini Lund Sul yaɣili nyɛ din mali daamɔn pam Angola.&lt;ref name=Dockstock&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/49105357/De-Beers-diamonds-and-Angola-developing-an-understanding-of|title=De Beers, diamonds and Angola developing an understanding |pages=37–39|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher= Dockstock – Documents for Special Business and Professionals}}&lt;/ref&gt;


==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Rivers of Angola}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rivers of Angola]]
[[Category:Border rivers]]
[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Kasai River]]
[[Category:Angola–Democratic Republic of the Congo border]]</text>
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'''Cuango''' bee '''Kwango''' ({{langx|pt|Rio Cuango}}; {{langx|fr|Rivière Kwango}}; {{langx|nl|Kwango Rivier}}) mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣili din gari [[Angola]] mini Decomcratic Republic of Congo. Di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'titali di yi kana mɔɣa din be nuzaa zuɣu zaŋ n-ti [[Kasai River|Kasai Mɔɣili]] din be Congo mɔɣili.&lt;ref name=Brit&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title= Kwango River|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Great&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title= Kwango|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher= The Free Dictionary by Farlex of The Great Soviet Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri gariti [[Malanje]] din be Angola. e Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daamɔn pam Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster din be Lunda Norte yaɣili.&lt;ref name=Project&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_55754.html|title=Kwango River Project|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=BRC Congo Development S.P.R.L.; Kwango Mining S.P.R.L.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 19th century, Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli '''Quango''', di gbaai bahindi David Livingstone tuma saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;livingstone&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/missionary-travels-manuscript/glossary-key-terms-in-the-missionary-travels-manuscript |title=Glossary of Key Terms in the Missionary Travels Manuscript |first=Justin D. |last=Livingstone |date=2019 |work=Livingstone Online |accessdate=6 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taarihi ==
Rund Kingdom, di pahi leei Lunda Empire nyɛla din be Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili zaŋ chaŋ Luapula Mɔɣili yaɣili. Di Nanima nyɛla ban daa pahi [[Slavery in Africa|daba daabilim]] ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Bethwell A. Ogot|title=Africa from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC&amp;pg=PA601|access-date=24 January 2011|date=July 1992|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=978-92-3-101711-7|pages=580, 601, 605}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lunda yɛliginsim ŋɔ nyɛla din kpaŋsi siyaasa tali mini bɛ kaya ni taada ka daa lahi nyɛ luɣ'shɛli din kpaŋsiri daba dabu ka dizuɣu nyɛ din daa boori bɛ kalinli bin din gbaai  Kwango mini Kwilu mɔɣa yaɣili.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992, p.607&quot;&gt;Ogot, p.607&lt;/ref&gt;

Portugalnima nyɛla ban daa deegi Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ ka daa deegi yaa ka chɛ Kasanje.&lt;ref =history&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.com/topics/angola |title=Angola |access-date=25 January 2011 |publisher=History.com |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308180859/http://www.history.com/topics/angola |archive-date=8 March 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ daa nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Portugalnima din daa niŋ ka bɛ daa dihi bɛ nuu gbana zuɣu Lisbon Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1891 ka daa sokam daa baŋ di yɛla Silimiin goli March biɛɣ'pishi ni anahi dali yuuni 1894.&lt;ref name=&quot;BrownlieBurns1979&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Brownlie|first1=Ian|last2=Burns|first2=Ian R.|title=African boundaries: a legal and diplomatic encyclopaedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8Du4k0udx4C&amp;pg=PA492|access-date=25 January 2011|year=1979|publisher=C. Hurst|isbn=978-0-903983-87-7|page=492}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Cuango, Angola|Cuango]] nyɛla din be Lunda Norte yaɣili, Cuango mɔɣili nyɛla din be lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka nyɛ luɣ'shɛli niriba pam ni mi ka di nyɛ daamɔn bayili  Angola&quot;, daamɔn liɣiri ni be luɣ'shɛli Angola. Tiŋ maa  nyɛla din daa mali nu'timbu [[Angolan Civil War]], saha din daa niŋ ka Uniao Nacional para a Independencia Total de Angola ([[UNITA]]) mini gomnanti soojanima nyɛ ban daa bori ni bɛ deegi tiŋ maa yaa la. UNITA nyɛla ban daa gili tiŋ maa Silimiin goli September biɛɣ'pihita dali yuuni 1997 ka di nyɛ din daa be  [[Lusaka Protocol]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JamesBroadhead2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first1=W. Martin |last1=James|first2=Susan Herlin |last2=Broadhead|title=Historical dictionary of Angola|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame|url-access=registration |access-date=25 January 2011|year=2004|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-4940-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame/page/41 41]–}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Geography==
{{stack|[[File:Kwango River.png|thumb|350px|Map of Kwango River watershed.]]}}
Cuango nyɛla din piligi [[Cacolo|Alto Chicapa]] din be Angolan yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Lunda Sul ka nyɛ din zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chani nti chirigiri Democratic Republic of the Congo tiŋgbani tarisi pɔi ka naayi chirigi [[Kasai River|Kasai Mɔɣili]]  din miri tiŋ yuli booni Bandundo. Di nyɛla din zɔri chani n ti luri  [[Congo River]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JamesBroadhead2004&quot;/&gt;

Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 1,100 ka chɛ di ni piligi luɣ'shɛli zaŋ labi Congo Mɔɣili, di waɣilim lahi nyɛla kilomitanima kɔbisinii ni pihinu ni anu ka chɛ Angola.&lt;ref name=Brit/&gt;&lt;ref name=Great/&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din yihiri kom kamani {{Convert|263500|km2}}. Di nudirigu zuɣu mɔɣ'bihi nyɛ Wamba mini Kwilu mɔɣa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Free&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title=Kwango |access-date=24 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kaya ni taada ==
Balli shɛŋa ban be Mɔɣili ŋɔ shee nyɛ Yaka, Suku, Mbala n ti pahi Pende.&lt;ref name=Kwango&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title=Kwango River|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Daabilim ==
Mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛli puuni bɛ ni gbahiri zahim,&lt;ref name=Free/&gt; di lahi nyɛla mɔɣili din sɔŋ pukparilim. saha shɛli haa, bɛ daa niŋdi la abɛ'kpam mini lubbernima daabilim mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;FishFish2001&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Fish|first1=Bruce|last2=Fish|first2=Becky Durost|title=The Congo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8qxA7unER3MC&amp;pg=PA14|access-date=25 January 2011|date=May 2001|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-7910-6198-5|page=14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Heintze2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Heintze|first=Beatrix|title=Angola on the move: transport routes, communications and history|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jkEN9mvNbRQC&amp;pg=PA85|access-date=25 January 2011|year=2008|publisher=Verlag Otto Lembeck|isbn=978-3-87476-553-4|page=85}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daabilim shɛli din mali yaa pam mɔɣili ŋɔ shee saha ŋɔ nyɛla zaŋ n-ti [[Angola|Angolan State]] nyɛla daamɔn. Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din mali daamɔn ŋɔ pam Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster din be Lunda Norte yaɣili.  Lunda Norte yaɣili mini Lund Sul yaɣili nyɛ din mali daamɔn pam Angola.&lt;ref name=Dockstock&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/49105357/De-Beers-diamonds-and-Angola-developing-an-understanding-of|title=De Beers, diamonds and Angola developing an understanding |pages=37–39|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher= Dockstock – Documents for Special Business and Professionals}}&lt;/ref&gt;


==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rivers of Angola]]
[[Category:Border rivers]]
[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Kasai River]]
[[Category:Angola–Democratic Republic of the Congo border]]</text>
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'''Cuango''' bee '''Kwango''' ({{langx|pt|Rio Cuango}}; {{langx|fr|Rivière Kwango}}; {{langx|nl|Kwango Rivier}}) mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣili din gari [[Angola]] mini Decomcratic Republic of Congo. Di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'titali di yi kana mɔɣa din be nuzaa zuɣu zaŋ n-ti [[Kasai River|Kasai Mɔɣili]] din be Congo mɔɣili.&lt;ref name=Brit&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title= Kwango River|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Great&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title= Kwango|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher= The Free Dictionary by Farlex of The Great Soviet Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri gariti [[Malanje]] din be Angola. e Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali daamɔn pam Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster din be Lunda Norte yaɣili.&lt;ref name=Project&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_55754.html|title=Kwango River Project|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=BRC Congo Development S.P.R.L.; Kwango Mining S.P.R.L.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 19th century, Kwango mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa booni shɛli '''Quango''', di gbaai bahindi David Livingstone tuma saha.&lt;ref name=&quot;livingstone&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/missionary-travels-manuscript/glossary-key-terms-in-the-missionary-travels-manuscript |title=Glossary of Key Terms in the Missionary Travels Manuscript |first=Justin D. |last=Livingstone |date=2019 |work=Livingstone Online |accessdate=6 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taarihi ==
Rund Kingdom, di pahi leei Lunda Empire nyɛla din be Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ yaɣili zaŋ chaŋ Luapula Mɔɣili yaɣili. Di Nanima nyɛla ban daa pahi [[Slavery in Africa|daba daabilim]] ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Bethwell A. Ogot|title=Africa from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC&amp;pg=PA601|access-date=24 January 2011|date=July 1992|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=978-92-3-101711-7|pages=580, 601, 605}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lunda yɛliginsim ŋɔ nyɛla din kpaŋsi siyaasa tali mini bɛ kaya ni taada ka daa lahi nyɛ luɣ'shɛli din kpaŋsiri daba dabu ka dizuɣu nyɛ din daa boori bɛ kalinli bin din gbaai  Kwango mini Kwilu mɔɣa yaɣili.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ogot1992, p.607&quot;&gt;Ogot, p.607&lt;/ref&gt;

Portugalnima nyɛla ban daa deegi Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ ka daa deegi yaa ka chɛ Kasanje.&lt;ref =history&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.com/topics/angola |title=Angola |access-date=25 January 2011 |publisher=History.com |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308180859/http://www.history.com/topics/angola |archive-date=8 March 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ daa nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Portugalnima din daa niŋ ka bɛ daa dihi bɛ nuu gbana zuɣu Lisbon Silimiin goli May biɛɣ'pishi ni anu dali yuuni 1891 ka daa sokam daa baŋ di yɛla Silimiin goli March biɛɣ'pishi ni anahi dali yuuni 1894.&lt;ref name=&quot;BrownlieBurns1979&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Brownlie|first1=Ian|last2=Burns|first2=Ian R.|title=African boundaries: a legal and diplomatic encyclopaedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8Du4k0udx4C&amp;pg=PA492|access-date=25 January 2011|year=1979|publisher=C. Hurst|isbn=978-0-903983-87-7|page=492}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Cuango, Angola|Cuango]] nyɛla din be Lunda Norte yaɣili, Cuango mɔɣili nyɛla din be lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka nyɛ luɣ'shɛli niriba pam ni mi ka di nyɛ daamɔn bayili  Angola&quot;, daamɔn liɣiri ni be luɣ'shɛli Angola. Tiŋ maa  nyɛla din daa mali nu'timbu [[Angolan Civil War]], saha din daa niŋ ka Uniao Nacional para a Independencia Total de Angola ([[UNITA]]) mini gomnanti soojanima nyɛ ban daa bori ni bɛ deegi tiŋ maa yaa la. UNITA nyɛla ban daa gili tiŋ maa Silimiin goli September biɛɣ'pihita dali yuuni 1997 ka di nyɛ din daa be  [[Lusaka Protocol]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JamesBroadhead2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first1=W. Martin |last1=James|first2=Susan Herlin |last2=Broadhead|title=Historical dictionary of Angola|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame|url-access=registration |access-date=25 January 2011|year=2004|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-4940-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame/page/41 41]–}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Geography==
{{stack|[[File:Kwango River.png|thumb|350px|Map of Kwango River watershed.]]}}
Cuango nyɛla din piligi [[Cacolo|Alto Chicapa]] din be Angolan yaɣili zaŋ n-ti Lunda Sul ka nyɛ din zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chani nti chirigiri Democratic Republic of the Congo tiŋgbani tarisi pɔi ka naayi chirigi [[Kasai River|Kasai Mɔɣili]]  din miri tiŋ yuli booni Bandundo. Di nyɛla din zɔri chani n ti luri  [[Congo River]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JamesBroadhead2004&quot;/&gt;

Kwango Mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 1,100 ka chɛ di ni piligi luɣ'shɛli zaŋ labi Congo Mɔɣili, di waɣilim lahi nyɛla kilomitanima kɔbisinii ni pihinu ni anu ka chɛ Angola.&lt;ref name=Brit/&gt;&lt;ref name=Great/&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din yihiri kom kamani {{Convert|263500|km2}}. Di nudirigu zuɣu mɔɣ'bihi nyɛ Wamba mini Kwilu mɔɣa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Free&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title=Kwango |access-date=24 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kaya ni taada ==
Balli shɛŋa ban be Mɔɣili ŋɔ shee nyɛ Yaka, Suku, Mbala n ti pahi Pende.&lt;ref name=Kwango&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title=Kwango River|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Daabilim ==
Mɔɣili nyɛla mɔɣ'shɛli puuni bɛ ni gbahiri zahim,&lt;ref name=Free/&gt; di lahi nyɛla mɔɣili din sɔŋ pukparilim. saha shɛli haa, bɛ daa niŋdi la abɛ'kpam mini lubbernima daabilim mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.&lt;ref name=&quot;FishFish2001&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Fish|first1=Bruce|last2=Fish|first2=Becky Durost|title=The Congo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8qxA7unER3MC&amp;pg=PA14|access-date=25 January 2011|date=May 2001|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-7910-6198-5|page=14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Heintze2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Heintze|first=Beatrix|title=Angola on the move: transport routes, communications and history|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jkEN9mvNbRQC&amp;pg=PA85|access-date=25 January 2011|year=2008|publisher=Verlag Otto Lembeck|isbn=978-3-87476-553-4|page=85}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daabilim shɛli din mali yaa pam mɔɣili ŋɔ shee saha ŋɔ nyɛla zaŋ n-ti [[Angola|Angolan State]] nyɛla daamɔn. Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din mali daamɔn ŋɔ pam Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster din be Lunda Norte yaɣili.  Lunda Norte yaɣili mini Lund Sul yaɣili nyɛ din mali daamɔn pam Angola.&lt;ref name=Dockstock&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/49105357/De-Beers-diamonds-and-Angola-developing-an-understanding-of|title=De Beers, diamonds and Angola developing an understanding |pages=37–39|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher= Dockstock – Documents for Special Business and Professionals}}&lt;/ref&gt;


==Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rivers of Angola]]
[[Category:Border rivers]]
[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Kasai River]]
[[Category:Angola–Democratic Republic of the Congo border]]</text>
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    <title>Incwala</title>
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      <text bytes="187" sha1="5bicou4aqkgo2b1um1kekovy6hulxio" xml:space="preserve">'''Incwala''' (Swazi: [iᵑǀwala]) nyɛla kali kpani shɛli bɛ ni niŋda kdi kuli bindiri Eswatini tingbani maa nama yɛltɔɣa. Di nyɛla tingbani maa zaa chuɣu ka di kanna yuuni kam.</text>
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      <text bytes="405" sha1="e4c4buo0poanvvad40p794ripjh9vdh" xml:space="preserve">'''Incwala''' (Swazi: [iᵑǀwala]) nyɛla kali kpani shɛli bɛ ni niŋda kdi kuli bindiri Eswatini tingbani maa nama yɛltɔɣa. Di nyɛla tingbani maa zaa chuɣu ka di kanna yuuni kam.

Deen diɛmdiba ban yina incwala ni nyɛ  Eswatini naa maa; Naa yi kani dinŋuna incwala gba kani. Incwala niŋdila saha gbaliŋ kamani goli laasabu, n piini ni incwala bila, ''incwala lencane'', ''incwala lenkhulu''.</text>
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      <text bytes="695" sha1="blpstre8oxb2gqsdtvhj41djihji2gg" xml:space="preserve">'''Incwala''' (Swazi: [iᵑǀwala]) nyɛla kali kpani shɛli bɛ ni niŋda kdi kuli bindiri Eswatini tingbani maa nama yɛltɔɣa. Di nyɛla tingbani maa zaa chuɣu ka di kanna yuuni kam.

Deen diɛmdiba ban yina incwala ni nyɛ  Eswatini naa maa; Naa yi kani dinŋuna incwala gba kani. Incwala niŋdila saha gbaliŋ kamani goli laasabu, n piini ni incwala bila, ''incwala lencane'', ''incwala lenkhulu''.

deen shɛŋa bɛ ni diɛmda - kamani lusekwane, kuhlamahlama, mini umdvutjulwa - nyɛla din kuli n nyɛ deen' kpami nti lala chuɣu kurili ŋo kamani  Ummemo din niŋdi ni nanima, Incwala mini Umhlanga nyɛla tingbani maa zaa diɛma ka di zaa nyɛ tiŋ' naa maa mini Naama ni zali shɛli.</text>
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      <text bytes="938" sha1="5hgfzfvye862bvj8pn9n61cboscxqxx" xml:space="preserve">'''Incwala''' (Swazi: [iᵑǀwala]) nyɛla kali kpani shɛli bɛ ni niŋda kdi kuli bindiri Eswatini tingbani maa nama yɛltɔɣa. Di nyɛla tingbani maa zaa chuɣu ka di kanna yuuni kam.

Deen diɛmdiba ban yina incwala ni nyɛ  Eswatini naa maa; Naa yi kani dinŋuna incwala gba kani. Incwala niŋdila saha gbaliŋ kamani goli laasabu, n piini ni incwala bila, ''incwala lencane'', ''incwala lenkhulu''.

deen shɛŋa bɛ ni diɛmda - kamani lusekwane, kuhlamahlama, mini umdvutjulwa - nyɛla din kuli n nyɛ deen' kpami nti lala chuɣu kurili ŋo kamani  Ummemo din niŋdi ni nanima, Incwala mini Umhlanga nyɛla tingbani maa zaa diɛma ka di zaa nyɛ tiŋ' naa maa mini Naama ni zali shɛli.

== Ban tooi chanili ==
incwala kali maa nyɛla  tingbani buɣilaan so bɛ ni mi ''Bemanti'' la ni gbubi di sulinsi (bam bɛ kom ni), bee ''Belwandle'' (ban be mɔɣili ni), dɔmini bɛ yoori la kom mɔɣa maa ni din yɛn kpaŋsi naa maa nam.</text>
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      <text bytes="1201" sha1="5eevrste8dc684oll9zigfnlm1xhzok" xml:space="preserve">'''Incwala''' (Swazi: [iᵑǀwala]) nyɛla kali kpani shɛli bɛ ni niŋda kdi kuli bindiri Eswatini tingbani maa nama yɛltɔɣa. Di nyɛla tingbani maa zaa chuɣu ka di kanna yuuni kam.

Deen diɛmdiba ban yina incwala ni nyɛ  Eswatini naa maa; Naa yi kani dinŋuna incwala gba kani. Incwala niŋdila saha gbaliŋ kamani goli laasabu, n piini ni incwala bila, ''incwala lencane'', ''incwala lenkhulu''.

deen shɛŋa bɛ ni diɛmda - kamani lusekwane, kuhlamahlama, mini umdvutjulwa - nyɛla din kuli n nyɛ deen' kpami nti lala chuɣu kurili ŋo kamani  Ummemo din niŋdi ni nanima, Incwala mini Umhlanga nyɛla tingbani maa zaa diɛma ka di zaa nyɛ tiŋ' naa maa mini Naama ni zali shɛli.

== Ban tooi chanili ==
incwala kali maa nyɛla  tingbani buɣilaan so bɛ ni mi ''Bemanti'' la ni gbubi di sulinsi (bam bɛ kom ni), bee ''Belwandle'' (ban be mɔɣili ni), dɔmini bɛ yoori la kom mɔɣa maa ni din yɛn kpaŋsi naa maa nam.

Lala niriba maa toondana n nyɛ  Ndwandwe yaɣili naa maa ŋun nyari sɔŋsim bidibsi bam be yaɣ'shɛli sani. toondana so gba bela Ndwandwe yaɣili din yina Elwandle nama tiŋa.lala dabba mo chanimi n ti yoori kom ka bɔri tilahi mɔɣu maani ni kulisi maa ni.</text>
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      <text bytes="1508" sha1="5c40ot7j9upjzc9oxsrvz6qv6xgh3ez" xml:space="preserve">'''Incwala''' (Swazi: [iᵑǀwala]) nyɛla kali kpani shɛli bɛ ni niŋda kdi kuli bindiri Eswatini tingbani maa nama yɛltɔɣa. Di nyɛla tingbani maa zaa chuɣu ka di kanna yuuni kam.

Deen diɛmdiba ban yina incwala ni nyɛ  Eswatini naa maa; Naa yi kani dinŋuna incwala gba kani. Incwala niŋdila saha gbaliŋ kamani goli laasabu, n piini ni incwala bila, ''incwala lencane'', ''incwala lenkhulu''.

deen shɛŋa bɛ ni diɛmda - kamani lusekwane, kuhlamahlama, mini umdvutjulwa - nyɛla din kuli n nyɛ deen' kpami nti lala chuɣu kurili ŋo kamani  Ummemo din niŋdi ni nanima, Incwala mini Umhlanga nyɛla tingbani maa zaa diɛma ka di zaa nyɛ tiŋ' naa maa mini Naama ni zali shɛli.

== Ban tooi chanili ==
incwala kali maa nyɛla  tingbani buɣilaan so bɛ ni mi ''Bemanti'' la ni gbubi di sulinsi (bam bɛ kom ni), bee ''Belwandle'' (ban be mɔɣili ni), dɔmini bɛ yoori la kom mɔɣa maa ni din yɛn kpaŋsi naa maa nam.

Lala niriba maa toondana n nyɛ  Ndwandwe yaɣili naa maa ŋun nyari sɔŋsim bidibsi bam be yaɣ'shɛli sani. toondana so gba bela Ndwandwe yaɣili din yina Elwandle nama tiŋa.lala dabba mo chanimi n ti yoori kom ka bɔri tilahi mɔɣu maani ni kulisi maa ni.

ninvuɣ'timsa ban lahi pahi n nyɛ  '''tinsila''' (ŋun kuli tabi naa maa amaa ka pa o zim), ni banlee ŋun za o nuzaa ''insila'', ŋun kuli guri naa maa hali ka diɛma maa ti naai.ni yaha, nabi puɣinga maa ni na shɛba kpa talahi nima ka lee pa nayoli maa polo nima  (Dlamini) kuli bi yɛn miri naa maa.</text>
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      <text bytes="1802" sha1="dej9nxk91ueyi2k4mn0o02pfw3h9v2b" xml:space="preserve">'''Incwala''' (Swazi: [iᵑǀwala]) nyɛla kali kpani shɛli bɛ ni niŋda kdi kuli bindiri Eswatini tingbani maa nama yɛltɔɣa. Di nyɛla tingbani maa zaa chuɣu ka di kanna yuuni kam.

Deen diɛmdiba ban yina incwala ni nyɛ  Eswatini naa maa; Naa yi kani dinŋuna incwala gba kani. Incwala niŋdila saha gbaliŋ kamani goli laasabu, n piini ni incwala bila, ''incwala lencane'', ''incwala lenkhulu''.

deen shɛŋa bɛ ni diɛmda - kamani lusekwane, kuhlamahlama, mini umdvutjulwa - nyɛla din kuli n nyɛ deen' kpami nti lala chuɣu kurili ŋo kamani  Ummemo din niŋdi ni nanima, Incwala mini Umhlanga nyɛla tingbani maa zaa diɛma ka di zaa nyɛ tiŋ' naa maa mini Naama ni zali shɛli.

== Ban tooi chanili ==
incwala kali maa nyɛla  tingbani buɣilaan so bɛ ni mi ''Bemanti'' la ni gbubi di sulinsi (bam bɛ kom ni), bee ''Belwandle'' (ban be mɔɣili ni), dɔmini bɛ yoori la kom mɔɣa maa ni din yɛn kpaŋsi naa maa nam.

Lala niriba maa toondana n nyɛ  Ndwandwe yaɣili naa maa ŋun nyari sɔŋsim bidibsi bam be yaɣ'shɛli sani. toondana so gba bela Ndwandwe yaɣili din yina Elwandle nama tiŋa.lala dabba mo chanimi n ti yoori kom ka bɔri tilahi mɔɣu maani ni kulisi maa ni.

ninvuɣ'timsa ban lahi pahi n nyɛ  '''tinsila''' (ŋun kuli tabi naa maa amaa ka pa o zim), ni banlee ŋun za o nuzaa ''insila'', ŋun kuli guri naa maa hali ka diɛma maa ti naai.ni yaha, nabi puɣinga maa ni na shɛba kpa talahi nima ka lee pa nayoli maa polo nima  (Dlamini) kuli bi yɛn miri naa maa.

== Binshɛŋa ŋan niŋda ==
'''Bemanti'''

Di piligu,  '''Bemanti''' piini ni binbɔri shɛŋa bɛ ni bɔri kuliga maa ni, tiŋbil shɛli bɛ  Maputo tooni ka baɣi Mozambique, ni shɛba gba, be Lusutfu kuliga maa polo, Komanzi, ni Mbuluzi. Di maalibu nyɛla laɣingu din nyɛ zaɣ' timsili.</text>
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      <text bytes="2122" sha1="bolvnggpuyb89z3wdr79thahlq2f8hy" xml:space="preserve">'''Incwala''' (Swazi: [iᵑǀwala]) nyɛla kali kpani shɛli bɛ ni niŋda kdi kuli bindiri Eswatini tingbani maa nama yɛltɔɣa. Di nyɛla tingbani maa zaa chuɣu ka di kanna yuuni kam.

Deen diɛmdiba ban yina incwala ni nyɛ  Eswatini naa maa; Naa yi kani dinŋuna incwala gba kani. Incwala niŋdila saha gbaliŋ kamani goli laasabu, n piini ni incwala bila, ''incwala lencane'', ''incwala lenkhulu''.

deen shɛŋa bɛ ni diɛmda - kamani lusekwane, kuhlamahlama, mini umdvutjulwa - nyɛla din kuli n nyɛ deen' kpami nti lala chuɣu kurili ŋo kamani  Ummemo din niŋdi ni nanima, Incwala mini Umhlanga nyɛla tingbani maa zaa diɛma ka di zaa nyɛ tiŋ' naa maa mini Naama ni zali shɛli.

== Ban tooi chanili ==
incwala kali maa nyɛla  tingbani buɣilaan so bɛ ni mi ''Bemanti'' la ni gbubi di sulinsi (bam bɛ kom ni), bee ''Belwandle'' (ban be mɔɣili ni), dɔmini bɛ yoori la kom mɔɣa maa ni din yɛn kpaŋsi naa maa nam.

Lala niriba maa toondana n nyɛ  Ndwandwe yaɣili naa maa ŋun nyari sɔŋsim bidibsi bam be yaɣ'shɛli sani. toondana so gba bela Ndwandwe yaɣili din yina Elwandle nama tiŋa.lala dabba mo chanimi n ti yoori kom ka bɔri tilahi mɔɣu maani ni kulisi maa ni.

ninvuɣ'timsa ban lahi pahi n nyɛ  '''tinsila''' (ŋun kuli tabi naa maa amaa ka pa o zim), ni banlee ŋun za o nuzaa ''insila'', ŋun kuli guri naa maa hali ka diɛma maa ti naai.ni yaha, nabi puɣinga maa ni na shɛba kpa talahi nima ka lee pa nayoli maa polo nima  (Dlamini) kuli bi yɛn miri naa maa.

== Binshɛŋa ŋan niŋda ==
'''Bemanti'''

Di piligu,  '''Bemanti''' piini ni binbɔri shɛŋa bɛ ni bɔri kuliga maa ni, tiŋbil shɛli bɛ  Maputo tooni ka baɣi Mozambique, ni shɛba gba, be Lusutfu kuliga maa polo, Komanzi, ni Mbuluzi. Di maalibu nyɛla laɣingu din nyɛ zaɣ' timsili.

Bemanti nima maa yi ti chana n ti nya Swazi nima maa shɛba bɛ soli maa zuɣu bɛ bɛ duri ba mi(kuhlamahlama) bɛ tin' kpaŋsi maa ni bɛ fari la bɛ dama, binshɛɣu kam bɛ yi nya bɛ dukpula maa ni. bɛ binbɔra bigslisi: pini nima, nuche baŋsi, laɣ' bila, bee binshɛɣu din kuli tu ni bɛ ti bɛ ni fa so maa.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>140088</id>
      <parentid>140087</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T07:40:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>K.D.Nburidiba</username>
        <id>4111</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added a section</comment>
      <origin>140088</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2363" sha1="mpqsv61bie8baj0kmzanmsqeo1343eh" xml:space="preserve">'''Incwala''' (Swazi: [iᵑǀwala]) nyɛla kali kpani shɛli bɛ ni niŋda kdi kuli bindiri Eswatini tingbani maa nama yɛltɔɣa. Di nyɛla tingbani maa zaa chuɣu ka di kanna yuuni kam.

Deen diɛmdiba ban yina incwala ni nyɛ  Eswatini naa maa; Naa yi kani dinŋuna incwala gba kani. Incwala niŋdila saha gbaliŋ kamani goli laasabu, n piini ni incwala bila, ''incwala lencane'', ''incwala lenkhulu''.

deen shɛŋa bɛ ni diɛmda - kamani lusekwane, kuhlamahlama, mini umdvutjulwa - nyɛla din kuli n nyɛ deen' kpami nti lala chuɣu kurili ŋo kamani  Ummemo din niŋdi ni nanima, Incwala mini Umhlanga nyɛla tingbani maa zaa diɛma ka di zaa nyɛ tiŋ' naa maa mini Naama ni zali shɛli.

== Ban tooi chanili ==
incwala kali maa nyɛla  tingbani buɣilaan so bɛ ni mi ''Bemanti'' la ni gbubi di sulinsi (bam bɛ kom ni), bee ''Belwandle'' (ban be mɔɣili ni), dɔmini bɛ yoori la kom mɔɣa maa ni din yɛn kpaŋsi naa maa nam.

Lala niriba maa toondana n nyɛ  Ndwandwe yaɣili naa maa ŋun nyari sɔŋsim bidibsi bam be yaɣ'shɛli sani. toondana so gba bela Ndwandwe yaɣili din yina Elwandle nama tiŋa.lala dabba mo chanimi n ti yoori kom ka bɔri tilahi mɔɣu maani ni kulisi maa ni.

ninvuɣ'timsa ban lahi pahi n nyɛ  '''tinsila''' (ŋun kuli tabi naa maa amaa ka pa o zim), ni banlee ŋun za o nuzaa ''insila'', ŋun kuli guri naa maa hali ka diɛma maa ti naai.ni yaha, nabi puɣinga maa ni na shɛba kpa talahi nima ka lee pa nayoli maa polo nima  (Dlamini) kuli bi yɛn miri naa maa.

== Binshɛŋa ŋan niŋda ==
'''Bemanti'''

Di piligu,  '''Bemanti''' piini ni binbɔri shɛŋa bɛ ni bɔri kuliga maa ni, tiŋbil shɛli bɛ  Maputo tooni ka baɣi Mozambique, ni shɛba gba, be Lusutfu kuliga maa polo, Komanzi, ni Mbuluzi. Di maalibu nyɛla laɣingu din nyɛ zaɣ' timsili.

Bemanti nima maa yi ti chana n ti nya Swazi nima maa shɛba bɛ soli maa zuɣu bɛ bɛ duri ba mi(kuhlamahlama) bɛ tin' kpaŋsi maa ni bɛ fari la bɛ dama, binshɛɣu kam bɛ yi nya bɛ dukpula maa ni. bɛ binbɔra bigslisi: pini nima, nuche baŋsi, laɣ' bila, bee binshɛɣu din kuli tu ni bɛ ti bɛ ni fa so maa.

=== Incwala bila ===
Diɛma ŋo puuni, Bemanti yɛn kamina Ludzidzini, Nayili maa. Naa maa mini Bemanti yɛn zinila niɣi zɔŋ ni. Ka bɛ zaŋ dama n ti tiba dama shɛli napaɣa maa ni duɣi (sigodlo), ka bɛ zaŋli yi n ti ti kpamba maa.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>140089</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-13T07:51:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>K.D.Nburidiba</username>
        <id>4111</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added a content</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2747" sha1="de5zhbu4vvtho1euw5lpq7bplytgpgt" xml:space="preserve">'''Incwala''' (Swazi: [iᵑǀwala]) nyɛla kali kpani shɛli bɛ ni niŋda kdi kuli bindiri Eswatini tingbani maa nama yɛltɔɣa. Di nyɛla tingbani maa zaa chuɣu ka di kanna yuuni kam.

Deen diɛmdiba ban yina incwala ni nyɛ  Eswatini naa maa; Naa yi kani dinŋuna incwala gba kani. Incwala niŋdila saha gbaliŋ kamani goli laasabu, n piini ni incwala bila, ''incwala lencane'', ''incwala lenkhulu''.

deen shɛŋa bɛ ni diɛmda - kamani lusekwane, kuhlamahlama, mini umdvutjulwa - nyɛla din kuli n nyɛ deen' kpami nti lala chuɣu kurili ŋo kamani  Ummemo din niŋdi ni nanima, Incwala mini Umhlanga nyɛla tingbani maa zaa diɛma ka di zaa nyɛ tiŋ' naa maa mini Naama ni zali shɛli.

== Ban tooi chanili ==
incwala kali maa nyɛla  tingbani buɣilaan so bɛ ni mi ''Bemanti'' la ni gbubi di sulinsi (bam bɛ kom ni), bee ''Belwandle'' (ban be mɔɣili ni), dɔmini bɛ yoori la kom mɔɣa maa ni din yɛn kpaŋsi naa maa nam.

Lala niriba maa toondana n nyɛ  Ndwandwe yaɣili naa maa ŋun nyari sɔŋsim bidibsi bam be yaɣ'shɛli sani. toondana so gba bela Ndwandwe yaɣili din yina Elwandle nama tiŋa.lala dabba mo chanimi n ti yoori kom ka bɔri tilahi mɔɣu maani ni kulisi maa ni.

ninvuɣ'timsa ban lahi pahi n nyɛ  '''tinsila''' (ŋun kuli tabi naa maa amaa ka pa o zim), ni banlee ŋun za o nuzaa ''insila'', ŋun kuli guri naa maa hali ka diɛma maa ti naai.ni yaha, nabi puɣinga maa ni na shɛba kpa talahi nima ka lee pa nayoli maa polo nima  (Dlamini) kuli bi yɛn miri naa maa.

== Binshɛŋa ŋan niŋda ==
'''Bemanti'''

Di piligu,  '''Bemanti''' piini ni binbɔri shɛŋa bɛ ni bɔri kuliga maa ni, tiŋbil shɛli bɛ  Maputo tooni ka baɣi Mozambique, ni shɛba gba, be Lusutfu kuliga maa polo, Komanzi, ni Mbuluzi. Di maalibu nyɛla laɣingu din nyɛ zaɣ' timsili.

Bemanti nima maa yi ti chana n ti nya Swazi nima maa shɛba bɛ soli maa zuɣu bɛ bɛ duri ba mi(kuhlamahlama) bɛ tin' kpaŋsi maa ni bɛ fari la bɛ dama, binshɛɣu kam bɛ yi nya bɛ dukpula maa ni. bɛ binbɔra bigslisi: pini nima, nuche baŋsi, laɣ' bila, bee binshɛɣu din kuli tu ni bɛ ti bɛ ni fa so maa.

=== Incwala bila ===
Diɛma ŋo puuni, Bemanti yɛn kamina Ludzidzini, Nayili maa. Naa maa mini Bemanti yɛn zinila niɣi zɔŋ ni. Ka bɛ zaŋ dama n ti tiba dama shɛli napaɣa maa ni duɣi (sigodlo), ka bɛ zaŋli yi n ti ti kpamba maa.

Ban beni maa yɛrila Incwala niɛma, ka di nyɛ naɣ' zuuan yɛn pa pa bɛ bɔɣisapima zuɣu hali ni bɛ shɛhi ni, yuya din yirigira yɛn kuli bɛ nudirigu, ka gbaŋpiɛla kuli nyaɣisiri bɛ duɣiri ni, gbuɣin gbana shɛŋa bɛ ni zaŋ pɔbi bɛ maŋsila mi.lala niɛma maa ŋmanila tɔbu niɛma,  amaa Incwala dabba maa ban kuli gbubila dari (''imizaca'', ''umzaca'' singular).</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>140090</id>
      <parentid>140089</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T08:00:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>K.D.Nburidiba</username>
        <id>4111</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added a section</comment>
      <origin>140090</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3156" sha1="2f5b3plcx6h591jub994uxiom33g6sn" xml:space="preserve">'''Incwala''' (Swazi: [iᵑǀwala]) nyɛla kali kpani shɛli bɛ ni niŋda kdi kuli bindiri Eswatini tingbani maa nama yɛltɔɣa. Di nyɛla tingbani maa zaa chuɣu ka di kanna yuuni kam.

Deen diɛmdiba ban yina incwala ni nyɛ  Eswatini naa maa; Naa yi kani dinŋuna incwala gba kani. Incwala niŋdila saha gbaliŋ kamani goli laasabu, n piini ni incwala bila, ''incwala lencane'', ''incwala lenkhulu''.

deen shɛŋa bɛ ni diɛmda - kamani lusekwane, kuhlamahlama, mini umdvutjulwa - nyɛla din kuli n nyɛ deen' kpami nti lala chuɣu kurili ŋo kamani  Ummemo din niŋdi ni nanima, Incwala mini Umhlanga nyɛla tingbani maa zaa diɛma ka di zaa nyɛ tiŋ' naa maa mini Naama ni zali shɛli.

== Ban tooi chanili ==
incwala kali maa nyɛla  tingbani buɣilaan so bɛ ni mi ''Bemanti'' la ni gbubi di sulinsi (bam bɛ kom ni), bee ''Belwandle'' (ban be mɔɣili ni), dɔmini bɛ yoori la kom mɔɣa maa ni din yɛn kpaŋsi naa maa nam.

Lala niriba maa toondana n nyɛ  Ndwandwe yaɣili naa maa ŋun nyari sɔŋsim bidibsi bam be yaɣ'shɛli sani. toondana so gba bela Ndwandwe yaɣili din yina Elwandle nama tiŋa.lala dabba mo chanimi n ti yoori kom ka bɔri tilahi mɔɣu maani ni kulisi maa ni.

ninvuɣ'timsa ban lahi pahi n nyɛ  '''tinsila''' (ŋun kuli tabi naa maa amaa ka pa o zim), ni banlee ŋun za o nuzaa ''insila'', ŋun kuli guri naa maa hali ka diɛma maa ti naai.ni yaha, nabi puɣinga maa ni na shɛba kpa talahi nima ka lee pa nayoli maa polo nima  (Dlamini) kuli bi yɛn miri naa maa.

== Binshɛŋa ŋan niŋda ==
'''Bemanti'''

Di piligu,  '''Bemanti''' piini ni binbɔri shɛŋa bɛ ni bɔri kuliga maa ni, tiŋbil shɛli bɛ  Maputo tooni ka baɣi Mozambique, ni shɛba gba, be Lusutfu kuliga maa polo, Komanzi, ni Mbuluzi. Di maalibu nyɛla laɣingu din nyɛ zaɣ' timsili.

Bemanti nima maa yi ti chana n ti nya Swazi nima maa shɛba bɛ soli maa zuɣu bɛ bɛ duri ba mi(kuhlamahlama) bɛ tin' kpaŋsi maa ni bɛ fari la bɛ dama, binshɛɣu kam bɛ yi nya bɛ dukpula maa ni. bɛ binbɔra bigslisi: pini nima, nuche baŋsi, laɣ' bila, bee binshɛɣu din kuli tu ni bɛ ti bɛ ni fa so maa.

=== Incwala bila ===
Diɛma ŋo puuni, Bemanti yɛn kamina Ludzidzini, Nayili maa. Naa maa mini Bemanti yɛn zinila niɣi zɔŋ ni. Ka bɛ zaŋ dama n ti tiba dama shɛli napaɣa maa ni duɣi (sigodlo), ka bɛ zaŋli yi n ti ti kpamba maa.

Ban beni maa yɛrila Incwala niɛma, ka di nyɛ naɣ' zuuan yɛn pa pa bɛ bɔɣisapima zuɣu hali ni bɛ shɛhi ni, yuya din yirigira yɛn kuli bɛ nudirigu, ka gbaŋpiɛla kuli nyaɣisiri bɛ duɣiri ni, gbuɣin gbana shɛŋa bɛ ni zaŋ pɔbi bɛ maŋsila mi.lala niɛma maa ŋmanila tɔbu niɛma,  amaa Incwala dabba maa ban kuli gbubila dari (''imizaca'', ''umzaca'' singular).

=== Lusekwane ===
''lusekwane'' nyɛla din piini incwala titali maa. Nimaani ka nachimpɔla chani ti toori ''lusekwane'', lala tia timsili maa.lusekwane nyɛla binshɛli din zooiri yaɣ' shɛŋa Eswatini din miri coast maa. Dizooibu ni di yihibu yaha  (Egundvwini nama din miri Bulunga zoya maa) ka di pam nyɛ bɛ ni diri shɛli  chuɣu maa puhibu ni. nachinpɔla ban be kashi n ni tooi yihi lusekwane maa.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Meskel</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33382</id>
    <revision>
      <id>140077</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-12T21:41:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>K.D.Nburidiba</username>
        <id>4111</id>
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      <text bytes="278" sha1="dbz9pj8r9x08rrahonqmufi423e2e42" xml:space="preserve">'''Meskel''' (Ge'ez: መስቀል, &lt;small&gt;romanized:&lt;/small&gt; ''Mesk’el'') nyɛla Ethiopia ni Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo asɔri nima vuhim dabisili din wuhiri krɔɔs shɛli  Roman Empress Saint Helena  ŋun daa be Constantinople ka nyɛ kurumbuna ni ha nira maa.fourth century</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>140078</id>
      <parentid>140077</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-12T21:49:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>K.D.Nburidiba</username>
        <id>4111</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added a content</comment>
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      <text bytes="718" sha1="q8vhumtv2lf1jqmzo3v980yempdsxwk" xml:space="preserve">'''Meskel''' (Ge'ez: መስቀል, &lt;small&gt;romanized:&lt;/small&gt; ''Mesk’el'') nyɛla Ethiopia ni Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo asɔri nima vuhim dabisili din wuhiri krɔɔs shɛli  Roman Empress Saint Helena  ŋun daa be Constantinople ka nyɛ kurumbuna ni ha nira maa.

Meskel nyɛla  asɔri nima shɛba ban be bɛ ko ka ni puhiri chuɣu shɛli, lala niriba maa nyɛla ban be Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo asɔri duu, lala Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo asɔri duu ŋo maa nti pahi Roman Catholic nima shɛba pahila Ethiopian Catholic asɔri nima maa ni, Eritrean Catholic asɔri, nti pahi  P'ent'ay - Ethiopian-Eritrean Evangelicalism niriba (including Pentecostal, Lutheran, Baptist, Mennonite, ni other Evangelical churches).</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>140079</id>
      <parentid>140078</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-12T21:57:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>K.D.Nburidiba</username>
        <id>4111</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added a section</comment>
      <origin>140079</origin>
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      <text bytes="991" sha1="posx7yvktrqwzhck5rw7788ppq5r8h2" xml:space="preserve">'''Meskel''' (Ge'ez: መስቀል, &lt;small&gt;romanized:&lt;/small&gt; ''Mesk’el'') nyɛla Ethiopia ni Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo asɔri nima vuhim dabisili din wuhiri krɔɔs shɛli  Roman Empress Saint Helena  ŋun daa be Constantinople ka nyɛ kurumbuna ni ha nira maa.

Meskel nyɛla  asɔri nima shɛba ban be bɛ ko ka ni puhiri chuɣu shɛli, lala niriba maa nyɛla ban be Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo asɔri duu, lala Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo asɔri duu ŋo maa nti pahi Roman Catholic nima shɛba pahila Ethiopian Catholic asɔri nima maa ni, Eritrean Catholic asɔri, nti pahi  P'ent'ay - Ethiopian-Eritrean Evangelicalism niriba (including Pentecostal, Lutheran, Baptist, Mennonite, ni other Evangelical churches).

== Di jia ==
Meskel maa puhibu kuli nyɛla Buɣim karili sabbu nee malibu, ka di nyɛla bɛ dihili tabili ni  napaɣa Eleni daa nyɛla ŋun zahin' li n nya. Ka di yɛli' o ni o mali ni buɣim ni din saha ni di nyɔhi maa ni wuhi o krɔɔsi maa bɛ ni daa mɔɣili shɛli.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>140080</id>
      <parentid>140079</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-12T22:02:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>K.D.Nburidiba</username>
        <id>4111</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added a content</comment>
      <origin>140080</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1235" sha1="7hpbccz16g7unqqbbsshm8frrx3aqck" xml:space="preserve">'''Meskel''' (Ge'ez: መስቀል, &lt;small&gt;romanized:&lt;/small&gt; ''Mesk’el'') nyɛla Ethiopia ni Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo asɔri nima vuhim dabisili din wuhiri krɔɔs shɛli  Roman Empress Saint Helena  ŋun daa be Constantinople ka nyɛ kurumbuna ni ha nira maa.

Meskel nyɛla  asɔri nima shɛba ban be bɛ ko ka ni puhiri chuɣu shɛli, lala niriba maa nyɛla ban be Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo asɔri duu, lala Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo asɔri duu ŋo maa nti pahi Roman Catholic nima shɛba pahila Ethiopian Catholic asɔri nima maa ni, Eritrean Catholic asɔri, nti pahi  P'ent'ay - Ethiopian-Eritrean Evangelicalism niriba (including Pentecostal, Lutheran, Baptist, Mennonite, ni other Evangelical churches).

== Di jia ==
Meskel maa puhibu kuli nyɛla Buɣim karili sabbu nee malibu, ka di nyɛla bɛ dihili tabili ni  napaɣa Eleni daa nyɛla ŋun zahin' li n nya. Ka di yɛli' o ni o mali ni buɣim ni din saha ni di nyɔhi maa ni wuhi o krɔɔsi maa bɛ ni daa mɔɣili shɛli.

Dinzuɣu ka o daa che ka Jerusalem niriba daa zaŋ dari na nti pili n sɔŋ. After adding frankincense, ka bɛ niŋ buɣim n kuhi li ka nyɔhi maa vhaŋ zuɣ' saa ka labina tingbanni, ni ti ku shɛli polo bɛ ni daa shiri sɔɣi krɔɔsi maa.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nile</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33383</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-13T08:14:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
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      <comment>Created article</comment>
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      <text bytes="1353" sha1="b217bsef0ysgxk9x7krx8paw5th20cd" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Major river in northeast Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

'''Nile''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zɔri gindi [[Africa]] wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Mediterranean teeku ni. Di waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 7,088, di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari dunia zaa mɔɣa,{{efn|name=longest}} amaa ti yi kana ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili maa puuni di nyɛla din pɔra ni Amazon mini [[Congo River|Congo]]. Nile nyɛla din mali taarihi zaŋ jandi gbaŋsabila biɛhisi shee, daabilim  n-ti pahi kaya ni taada taarihi

Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi ayi: dinima nyɛ White Nile mini Blue Nile. White Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din waɣa ka nyɛ so'kam ni saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ din tiri Nile kom amaa  Blue Nile nyɛla din mali kom viɛnyɛla kamani buyi zuɣu gari White Nile. White Nile nyɛla din piligi miri [[Lake Victoria]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gindi Uganda mini South Sudan ka   Blue Nile mi nyɛ din piligi miri Lake Tana din be Ethiopia ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chaŋ hali ni Sudan. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Sudannima tiŋ zuɣu Khartoum. Bin din gbaai ni Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo n chaŋ nti gari Nubian Desert n saa gari chaŋ Egypt tiŋ zuɣu [[Cairo]] ka di yi zo n lu Mediterranean teeku din miri [[Alexandria]].</text>
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      <id>140092</id>
      <parentid>140091</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T08:15:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
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      <text bytes="3112" sha1="n8g5jv7wcoz95oiuwyf5yxkks372m90" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Major river in northeast Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

'''Nile''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zɔri gindi [[Africa]] wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Mediterranean teeku ni. Di waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 7,088, di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari dunia zaa mɔɣa,{{efn|name=longest}} amaa ti yi kana ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili maa puuni di nyɛla din pɔra ni Amazon mini [[Congo River|Congo]]. Nile nyɛla din mali taarihi zaŋ jandi gbaŋsabila biɛhisi shee, daabilim  n-ti pahi kaya ni taada taarihi

Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi ayi: dinima nyɛ White Nile mini Blue Nile. White Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din waɣa ka nyɛ so'kam ni saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ din tiri Nile kom amaa  Blue Nile nyɛla din mali kom viɛnyɛla kamani buyi zuɣu gari White Nile. White Nile nyɛla din piligi miri [[Lake Victoria]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gindi Uganda mini South Sudan ka   Blue Nile mi nyɛ din piligi miri Lake Tana din be Ethiopia ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chaŋ hali ni Sudan. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Sudannima tiŋ zuɣu Khartoum. Bin din gbaai ni Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo n chaŋ nti gari Nubian Desert n saa gari chaŋ Egypt tiŋ zuɣu [[Cairo]] ka di yi zo n lu Mediterranean teeku din miri [[Alexandria]].

Nile mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din paai yuma kamani 15,000. Di nyɛla din zɔri gindi kamani tiŋgbana pin'yini. Nile kom nyɛla din yirina saa mibu ni, sa'kom din yirina [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]. Tiŋgbana kamani {{snd}}[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]] n-ti pahi South Sudan nyɛla tiŋgbani shɛŋa din bi tooi nyari saa ka dizuɣu chɛ ka bɛ tooi mali mɔɣa niŋdi pukparilim. tiŋgbani shɛŋa din gba lahi be bee yaɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be Nile Basin nyɛ [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Eritrea]] nti pahi [[Rwanda]].

== Names and etymology ==

Silimiinsili bachi &quot;Nile&quot; nyɛla din yina [[Latin]] {{lang|la|Nilus}} mini  [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|Νεῖλος}} (Neilos) ka di nyɛ din yina Semitic bachi ''naḥal'', ka di gbunni nyɛ mɔɣili.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}
{{Quote box|align=right|width=30|[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] for {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}},&lt;br&gt;the word for 'river' or 'Nile':{{sfn|Gardiner|1964|pp=43,623}}{{efn|Other hieroglyphs for 'river' are presented in {{harvnb|Faulkner|1964|p=33}} and {{harvnb|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}.
}}  &lt;hiero&gt;M17-X1:D21-G43-N35:N35:N35&lt;/hiero&gt;
}}
Saha shɛli maa ha Egyptnima balli ni, lala bachi Ŋɔ nyɛla yuusiri shɛli zaŋ n-ti 'Nile' mini mɔɣili': {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}}.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}} Egyptnima nyɛla ban booni bɛ tiŋgbani {{lang|egy-latn|kmt}} ka di gbunni nyɛ  'sabinli',  di nyɛla din jandi sabinli zaŋ n-ti i Nile kom nahingbaŋ.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=339, 470}} Silimiinsili yuli  &quot;Blue Nile&quot; nyɛla lɛbiginsim din yina Larigu yuli ''Al-Baḥr Al-Azraq''.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}&lt;!--
{{efn|The waters of the Blue Nile are very dark during the winter flood season, as they carry vast amounts of sediment downstream.{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|pp=503-504}} 
}} --&gt;</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-13T08:15:49Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
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{{Short description|Major river in northeast Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

'''Nile''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zɔri gindi [[Africa]] wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Mediterranean teeku ni. Di waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 7,088, di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari dunia zaa mɔɣa,{{efn|name=longest}} amaa ti yi kana ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili maa puuni di nyɛla din pɔra ni Amazon mini [[Congo River|Congo]]. Nile nyɛla din mali taarihi zaŋ jandi gbaŋsabila biɛhisi shee, daabilim  n-ti pahi kaya ni taada taarihi

Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi ayi: dinima nyɛ White Nile mini Blue Nile. White Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din waɣa ka nyɛ so'kam ni saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ din tiri Nile kom amaa  Blue Nile nyɛla din mali kom viɛnyɛla kamani buyi zuɣu gari White Nile. White Nile nyɛla din piligi miri [[Lake Victoria]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gindi Uganda mini South Sudan ka   Blue Nile mi nyɛ din piligi miri Lake Tana din be Ethiopia ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chaŋ hali ni Sudan. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Sudannima tiŋ zuɣu Khartoum. Bin din gbaai ni Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo n chaŋ nti gari Nubian Desert n saa gari chaŋ Egypt tiŋ zuɣu [[Cairo]] ka di yi zo n lu Mediterranean teeku din miri [[Alexandria]].

Nile mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din paai yuma kamani 15,000. Di nyɛla din zɔri gindi kamani tiŋgbana pin'yini. Nile kom nyɛla din yirina saa mibu ni, sa'kom din yirina [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]. Tiŋgbana kamani {{snd}}[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]] n-ti pahi South Sudan nyɛla tiŋgbani shɛŋa din bi tooi nyari saa ka dizuɣu chɛ ka bɛ tooi mali mɔɣa niŋdi pukparilim. tiŋgbani shɛŋa din gba lahi be bee yaɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be Nile Basin nyɛ [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Eritrea]] nti pahi [[Rwanda]].

== Names and etymology ==

Silimiinsili bachi &quot;Nile&quot; nyɛla din yina [[Latin]] {{lang|la|Nilus}} mini  [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|Νεῖλος}} (Neilos) ka di nyɛ din yina Semitic bachi ''naḥal'', ka di gbunni nyɛ mɔɣili.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}
{{Quote box|align=right|width=30|[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] for {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}},&lt;br&gt;the word for 'river' or 'Nile':{{sfn|Gardiner|1964|pp=43,623}}{{efn|Other hieroglyphs for 'river' are presented in {{harvnb|Faulkner|1964|p=33}} and {{harvnb|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}.
}}  &lt;hiero&gt;M17-X1:D21-G43-N35:N35:N35&lt;/hiero&gt;
}}
Saha shɛli maa ha Egyptnima balli ni, lala bachi Ŋɔ nyɛla yuusiri shɛli zaŋ n-ti 'Nile' mini mɔɣili': {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}}.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}} Egyptnima nyɛla ban booni bɛ tiŋgbani {{lang|egy-latn|kmt}} ka di gbunni nyɛ  'sabinli',  di nyɛla din jandi sabinli zaŋ n-ti i Nile kom nahingbaŋ.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=339, 470}} Silimiinsili yuli  &quot;Blue Nile&quot; nyɛla lɛbiginsim din yina Larigu yuli ''Al-Baḥr Al-Azraq''.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}&lt;!--
{{efn|The waters of the Blue Nile are very dark during the winter flood season, as they carry vast amounts of sediment downstream.{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|pp=503-504}} 
}} --&gt;</text>
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      <id>140094</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-13T08:16:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
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      <text bytes="3121" sha1="0o3j5432cdkik5qnylvu56pak9t9coj" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Major river in northeast Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

'''Nile''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zɔri gindi [[Africa]] wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Mediterranean teeku ni. Di waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 7,088, di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari dunia zaa mɔɣa,{{efn|name=longest}} amaa ti yi kana ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili maa puuni di nyɛla din pɔra ni Amazon mini [[Congo River|Congo]]. Nile nyɛla din mali taarihi zaŋ jandi gbaŋsabila biɛhisi shee, daabilim  n-ti pahi kaya ni taada taarihi

Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi ayi: dinima nyɛ White Nile mini Blue Nile. White Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din waɣa ka nyɛ so'kam ni saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ din tiri Nile kom amaa  Blue Nile nyɛla din mali kom viɛnyɛla kamani buyi zuɣu gari White Nile. White Nile nyɛla din piligi miri [[Lake Victoria]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gindi Uganda mini South Sudan ka   Blue Nile mi nyɛ din piligi miri Lake Tana din be Ethiopia ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chaŋ hali ni Sudan. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Sudannima tiŋ zuɣu Khartoum. Bin din gbaai ni Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo n chaŋ nti gari Nubian Desert n saa gari chaŋ Egypt tiŋ zuɣu [[Cairo]] ka di yi zo n lu Mediterranean teeku din miri [[Alexandria]].

Nile mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din paai yuma kamani 15,000. Di nyɛla din zɔri gindi kamani tiŋgbana pin'yini. Nile kom nyɛla din yirina saa mibu ni, sa'kom din yirina [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]. Tiŋgbana kamani {{snd}}[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]] n-ti pahi South Sudan nyɛla tiŋgbani shɛŋa din bi tooi nyari saa ka dizuɣu chɛ ka bɛ tooi mali mɔɣa niŋdi pukparilim. tiŋgbani shɛŋa din gba lahi be bee yaɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be Nile Basin nyɛ [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Eritrea]] nti pahi [[Rwanda]].

== Yuya mini gbunni ==

Silimiinsili bachi &quot;Nile&quot; nyɛla din yina [[Latin]] {{lang|la|Nilus}} mini  [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|Νεῖλος}} (Neilos) ka di nyɛ din yina Semitic bachi ''naḥal'', ka di gbunni nyɛ mɔɣili.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}
{{Quote box|align=right|width=30|[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] for {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}},&lt;br&gt;the word for 'river' or 'Nile':{{sfn|Gardiner|1964|pp=43,623}}{{efn|Other hieroglyphs for 'river' are presented in {{harvnb|Faulkner|1964|p=33}} and {{harvnb|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}.
}}  &lt;hiero&gt;M17-X1:D21-G43-N35:N35:N35&lt;/hiero&gt;
}}
Saha shɛli maa ha Egyptnima balli ni, lala bachi Ŋɔ nyɛla yuusiri shɛli zaŋ n-ti 'Nile' mini mɔɣili': {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}}.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}} Egyptnima nyɛla ban booni bɛ tiŋgbani {{lang|egy-latn|kmt}} ka di gbunni nyɛ  'sabinli',  di nyɛla din jandi sabinli zaŋ n-ti i Nile kom nahingbaŋ.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=339, 470}} Silimiinsili yuli  &quot;Blue Nile&quot; nyɛla lɛbiginsim din yina Larigu yuli ''Al-Baḥr Al-Azraq''.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}&lt;!--
{{efn|The waters of the Blue Nile are very dark during the winter flood season, as they carry vast amounts of sediment downstream.{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|pp=503-504}} 
}} --&gt;</text>
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      <id>140095</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-13T08:18:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
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{{Short description|Major river in northeast Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

'''Nile''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zɔri gindi [[Africa]] wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Mediterranean teeku ni. Di waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 7,088, di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari dunia zaa mɔɣa,{{efn|name=longest}} amaa ti yi kana ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili maa puuni di nyɛla din pɔra ni Amazon mini [[Congo River|Congo]]. Nile nyɛla din mali taarihi zaŋ jandi gbaŋsabila biɛhisi shee, daabilim  n-ti pahi kaya ni taada taarihi

Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi ayi: dinima nyɛ White Nile mini Blue Nile. White Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din waɣa ka nyɛ so'kam ni saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ din tiri Nile kom amaa  Blue Nile nyɛla din mali kom viɛnyɛla kamani buyi zuɣu gari White Nile. White Nile nyɛla din piligi miri [[Lake Victoria]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gindi Uganda mini South Sudan ka   Blue Nile mi nyɛ din piligi miri Lake Tana din be Ethiopia ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chaŋ hali ni Sudan. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Sudannima tiŋ zuɣu Khartoum. Bin din gbaai ni Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo n chaŋ nti gari Nubian Desert n saa gari chaŋ Egypt tiŋ zuɣu [[Cairo]] ka di yi zo n lu Mediterranean teeku din miri [[Alexandria]].

Nile mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din paai yuma kamani 15,000. Di nyɛla din zɔri gindi kamani tiŋgbana pin'yini. Nile kom nyɛla din yirina saa mibu ni, sa'kom din yirina [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]. Tiŋgbana kamani {{snd}}[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]] n-ti pahi South Sudan nyɛla tiŋgbani shɛŋa din bi tooi nyari saa ka dizuɣu chɛ ka bɛ tooi mali mɔɣa niŋdi pukparilim. tiŋgbani shɛŋa din gba lahi be bee yaɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be Nile Basin nyɛ [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Eritrea]] nti pahi [[Rwanda]].

== Yuya mini gbunni ==

Silimiinsili bachi &quot;Nile&quot; nyɛla din yina [[Latin]] {{lang|la|Nilus}} mini  [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|Νεῖλος}} (Neilos) ka di nyɛ din yina Semitic bachi ''naḥal'', ka di gbunni nyɛ mɔɣili.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}
{{Quote box|align=right|width=30|[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] for {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}},&lt;br&gt;the word for 'river' or 'Nile':{{sfn|Gardiner|1964|pp=43,623}}{{efn|Other hieroglyphs for 'river' are presented in {{harvnb|Faulkner|1964|p=33}} and {{harvnb|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}.
}}  &lt;hiero&gt;M17-X1:D21-G43-N35:N35:N35&lt;/hiero&gt;
}}
Saha shɛli maa ha Egyptnima balli ni, lala bachi Ŋɔ nyɛla yuusiri shɛli zaŋ n-ti 'Nile' mini mɔɣili': {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}}.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}} Egyptnima nyɛla ban booni bɛ tiŋgbani {{lang|egy-latn|kmt}} ka di gbunni nyɛ  'sabinli',  di nyɛla din jandi sabinli zaŋ n-ti i Nile kom nahingbaŋ.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=339, 470}} Silimiinsili yuli  &quot;Blue Nile&quot; nyɛla lɛbiginsim din yina Larigu yuli ''Al-Baḥr Al-Azraq''.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}&lt;!--
{{efn|The waters of the Blue Nile are very dark during the winter flood season, as they carry vast amounts of sediment downstream.{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|pp=503-504}} 
}} --&gt;

Saha ŋɔ mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali bɔbugu Nile Basin. Egypt tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli ''Al-Nīl'', ''Baḥr Al-Nīl'' bee ''Nahr Al-Nīl''.&lt;ref name=Barh&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Badawi|2003 |p=717}}.
|{{harvnb|Hurst|2025}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--
{{efn|''Bahr'' is 'sea'; ''Nahr'' is 'river'.&lt;ref name=Barh/&gt;
}} --&gt; South Sudan tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli Arabic ''Baḥr el-Jebel'', {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}} ka di gbunni nyɛ 'Mountain River'.{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=6}}  Uganda tiŋgbani, ninvuɣ shɛba ban yɛri Luganda nyɛla ban booni li ''Kiyira''.{{sfn|Hamilton |2016|p=66}} Nubian niriba zaŋ n-ti Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yuusiri [[Nobiin language|Nobiin]] yuli ''Áman Dawū'' ('Great Water').{{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=8}}</text>
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{{Short description|Major river in northeast Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

'''Nile''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zɔri gindi [[Africa]] wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Mediterranean teeku ni. Di waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 7,088, di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari dunia zaa mɔɣa,{{efn|name=longest}} amaa ti yi kana ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili maa puuni di nyɛla din pɔra ni Amazon mini [[Congo River|Congo]]. Nile nyɛla din mali taarihi zaŋ jandi gbaŋsabila biɛhisi shee, daabilim  n-ti pahi kaya ni taada taarihi

Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi ayi: dinima nyɛ White Nile mini Blue Nile. White Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din waɣa ka nyɛ so'kam ni saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ din tiri Nile kom amaa  Blue Nile nyɛla din mali kom viɛnyɛla kamani buyi zuɣu gari White Nile. White Nile nyɛla din piligi miri [[Lake Victoria]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gindi Uganda mini South Sudan ka   Blue Nile mi nyɛ din piligi miri Lake Tana din be Ethiopia ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chaŋ hali ni Sudan. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Sudannima tiŋ zuɣu Khartoum. Bin din gbaai ni Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo n chaŋ nti gari Nubian Desert n saa gari chaŋ Egypt tiŋ zuɣu [[Cairo]] ka di yi zo n lu Mediterranean teeku din miri [[Alexandria]].

Nile mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din paai yuma kamani 15,000. Di nyɛla din zɔri gindi kamani tiŋgbana pin'yini. Nile kom nyɛla din yirina saa mibu ni, sa'kom din yirina [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]. Tiŋgbana kamani {{snd}}[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]] n-ti pahi South Sudan nyɛla tiŋgbani shɛŋa din bi tooi nyari saa ka dizuɣu chɛ ka bɛ tooi mali mɔɣa niŋdi pukparilim. tiŋgbani shɛŋa din gba lahi be bee yaɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be Nile Basin nyɛ [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Eritrea]] nti pahi [[Rwanda]].

== Yuya mini gbunni ==

Silimiinsili bachi &quot;Nile&quot; nyɛla din yina [[Latin]] {{lang|la|Nilus}} mini  [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|Νεῖλος}} (Neilos) ka di nyɛ din yina Semitic bachi ''naḥal'', ka di gbunni nyɛ mɔɣili.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}
{{Quote box|align=right|width=30|[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] for {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}},&lt;br&gt;the word for 'river' or 'Nile':{{sfn|Gardiner|1964|pp=43,623}}{{efn|Other hieroglyphs for 'river' are presented in {{harvnb|Faulkner|1964|p=33}} and {{harvnb|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}.
}}  &lt;hiero&gt;M17-X1:D21-G43-N35:N35:N35&lt;/hiero&gt;
}}
Saha shɛli maa ha Egyptnima balli ni, lala bachi Ŋɔ nyɛla yuusiri shɛli zaŋ n-ti 'Nile' mini mɔɣili': {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}}.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}} Egyptnima nyɛla ban booni bɛ tiŋgbani {{lang|egy-latn|kmt}} ka di gbunni nyɛ  'sabinli',  di nyɛla din jandi sabinli zaŋ n-ti i Nile kom nahingbaŋ.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=339, 470}} Silimiinsili yuli  &quot;Blue Nile&quot; nyɛla lɛbiginsim din yina Larigu yuli ''Al-Baḥr Al-Azraq''.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}&lt;!--
{{efn|The waters of the Blue Nile are very dark during the winter flood season, as they carry vast amounts of sediment downstream.{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|pp=503-504}} 
}} --&gt;

Saha ŋɔ mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali bɔbugu Nile Basin. Egypt tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli ''Al-Nīl'', ''Baḥr Al-Nīl'' bee ''Nahr Al-Nīl''.&lt;ref name=Barh&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Badawi|2003 |p=717}}.
|{{harvnb|Hurst|2025}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--
{{efn|''Bahr'' is 'sea'; ''Nahr'' is 'river'.&lt;ref name=Barh/&gt;
}} --&gt; South Sudan tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli Arabic ''Baḥr el-Jebel'', {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}} ka di gbunni nyɛ 'Mountain River'.{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=6}}  Uganda tiŋgbani, ninvuɣ shɛba ban yɛri Luganda nyɛla ban booni li ''Kiyira''.{{sfn|Hamilton |2016|p=66}} Nubian niriba zaŋ n-ti Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yuusiri [[Nobiin language|Nobiin]] yuli ''Áman Dawū'' ('Great Water').{{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=8}}

Di nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi (mɔɣ'bihi shɛŋa dabam gba nyɛla din chaŋ na nti chirigi Nile) di shɛŋa nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ: 
* Albert Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Lake Albert chani Nimule&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Dumont|2009|pp=5,6,40}}.
|{{harvnb| Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Black Nile{{snd}}Yuli shɛli dabam zaŋ n-ti Atbarah mɔɣili &lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Haupt|1926|p=305}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Blue Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Kyoga Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka din zɔri yiri [[Lake Kyoga]] chani Lake Albert{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}
* Main Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Blue Nile mini White Nile{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=4}} 
* [[Mountain Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Uganda chani South Sudan{{sfn|Talling|2009|p=390}}&lt;!-- 
{{efn|The Mountain Nile is also called ''Baḥr al-Jabal'' or ''Baḥr el-Jebel'' in Arabic.
}} --&gt;
* Victoria Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri  [[Lake Victoria]] chani Lake Kyoga{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=5}}
* [[White Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Yellow Nile{{snd}} [[Wadi Howar]], mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Nile saha shɛli ha amaa ka nyɛ din daa kuui yuma din gari maa{{sfn| Dumont|2009|p=4}}
[[File:Nile River Sources.svg|thumb|alt= A map of northeast Africa. The Nile is visible as a meandering blue line, running vertically. The river starts at the bottom in green forested area, and goes upward then ends in a blue sea at the top.| The Nile has six [[Nile cataracts|cataracts]]{{efn| Some of the cataracts have been submerged by human-made reservoirs.}} and several sources.  ]]

{{clear}}[[File:Nile River Landmarks.svg|thumb|The waters of the Nile originate as rainfall in the mountains in the south and east regions of the Nile Basin.|alt=A map of northeast Africa, showing the location of several cities and tourist sights on the river]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>140097</id>
      <parentid>140096</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T08:20:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
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      <text bytes="7761" sha1="3bq4cwbrnslowxflai6gvzyesf39ghi" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Major river in northeast Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

'''Nile''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zɔri gindi [[Africa]] wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Mediterranean teeku ni. Di waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 7,088, di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari dunia zaa mɔɣa,{{efn|name=longest}} amaa ti yi kana ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili maa puuni di nyɛla din pɔra ni Amazon mini [[Congo River|Congo]]. Nile nyɛla din mali taarihi zaŋ jandi gbaŋsabila biɛhisi shee, daabilim  n-ti pahi kaya ni taada taarihi

Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi ayi: dinima nyɛ White Nile mini Blue Nile. White Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din waɣa ka nyɛ so'kam ni saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ din tiri Nile kom amaa  Blue Nile nyɛla din mali kom viɛnyɛla kamani buyi zuɣu gari White Nile. White Nile nyɛla din piligi miri [[Lake Victoria]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gindi Uganda mini South Sudan ka   Blue Nile mi nyɛ din piligi miri Lake Tana din be Ethiopia ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chaŋ hali ni Sudan. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Sudannima tiŋ zuɣu Khartoum. Bin din gbaai ni Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo n chaŋ nti gari Nubian Desert n saa gari chaŋ Egypt tiŋ zuɣu [[Cairo]] ka di yi zo n lu Mediterranean teeku din miri [[Alexandria]].

Nile mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din paai yuma kamani 15,000. Di nyɛla din zɔri gindi kamani tiŋgbana pin'yini. Nile kom nyɛla din yirina saa mibu ni, sa'kom din yirina [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]. Tiŋgbana kamani {{snd}}[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]] n-ti pahi South Sudan nyɛla tiŋgbani shɛŋa din bi tooi nyari saa ka dizuɣu chɛ ka bɛ tooi mali mɔɣa niŋdi pukparilim. tiŋgbani shɛŋa din gba lahi be bee yaɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be Nile Basin nyɛ [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Eritrea]] nti pahi [[Rwanda]].

== Yuya mini gbunni ==

Silimiinsili bachi &quot;Nile&quot; nyɛla din yina [[Latin]] {{lang|la|Nilus}} mini  [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|Νεῖλος}} (Neilos) ka di nyɛ din yina Semitic bachi ''naḥal'', ka di gbunni nyɛ mɔɣili.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}
{{Quote box|align=right|width=30|[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] for {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}},&lt;br&gt;the word for 'river' or 'Nile':{{sfn|Gardiner|1964|pp=43,623}}{{efn|Other hieroglyphs for 'river' are presented in {{harvnb|Faulkner|1964|p=33}} and {{harvnb|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}.
}}  &lt;hiero&gt;M17-X1:D21-G43-N35:N35:N35&lt;/hiero&gt;
}}
Saha shɛli maa ha Egyptnima balli ni, lala bachi Ŋɔ nyɛla yuusiri shɛli zaŋ n-ti 'Nile' mini mɔɣili': {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}}.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}} Egyptnima nyɛla ban booni bɛ tiŋgbani {{lang|egy-latn|kmt}} ka di gbunni nyɛ  'sabinli',  di nyɛla din jandi sabinli zaŋ n-ti i Nile kom nahingbaŋ.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=339, 470}} Silimiinsili yuli  &quot;Blue Nile&quot; nyɛla lɛbiginsim din yina Larigu yuli ''Al-Baḥr Al-Azraq''.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}&lt;!--
{{efn|The waters of the Blue Nile are very dark during the winter flood season, as they carry vast amounts of sediment downstream.{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|pp=503-504}} 
}} --&gt;

Saha ŋɔ mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali bɔbugu Nile Basin. Egypt tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli ''Al-Nīl'', ''Baḥr Al-Nīl'' bee ''Nahr Al-Nīl''.&lt;ref name=Barh&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Badawi|2003 |p=717}}.
|{{harvnb|Hurst|2025}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--
{{efn|''Bahr'' is 'sea'; ''Nahr'' is 'river'.&lt;ref name=Barh/&gt;
}} --&gt; South Sudan tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli Arabic ''Baḥr el-Jebel'', {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}} ka di gbunni nyɛ 'Mountain River'.{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=6}}  Uganda tiŋgbani, ninvuɣ shɛba ban yɛri Luganda nyɛla ban booni li ''Kiyira''.{{sfn|Hamilton |2016|p=66}} Nubian niriba zaŋ n-ti Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yuusiri [[Nobiin language|Nobiin]] yuli ''Áman Dawū'' ('Great Water').{{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=8}}

Di nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi (mɔɣ'bihi shɛŋa dabam gba nyɛla din chaŋ na nti chirigi Nile) di shɛŋa nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ: 
* Albert Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Lake Albert chani Nimule&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Dumont|2009|pp=5,6,40}}.
|{{harvnb| Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Black Nile{{snd}}Yuli shɛli dabam zaŋ n-ti Atbarah mɔɣili &lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Haupt|1926|p=305}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Blue Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Kyoga Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka din zɔri yiri [[Lake Kyoga]] chani Lake Albert{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}
* Main Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Blue Nile mini White Nile{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=4}} 
* [[Mountain Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Uganda chani South Sudan{{sfn|Talling|2009|p=390}}&lt;!-- 
{{efn|The Mountain Nile is also called ''Baḥr al-Jabal'' or ''Baḥr el-Jebel'' in Arabic.
}} --&gt;
* Victoria Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri  [[Lake Victoria]] chani Lake Kyoga{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=5}}
* [[White Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Yellow Nile{{snd}} [[Wadi Howar]], mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Nile saha shɛli ha amaa ka nyɛ din daa kuui yuma din gari maa{{sfn| Dumont|2009|p=4}}
[[File:Nile River Sources.svg|thumb|alt= A map of northeast Africa. The Nile is visible as a meandering blue line, running vertically. The river starts at the bottom in green forested area, and goes upward then ends in a blue sea at the top.| The Nile has six [[Nile cataracts|cataracts]]{{efn| Some of the cataracts have been submerged by human-made reservoirs.}} and several sources.  ]]

{{clear}}[[File:Nile River Landmarks.svg|thumb|The waters of the Nile originate as rainfall in the mountains in the south and east regions of the Nile Basin.|alt=A map of northeast Africa, showing the location of several cities and tourist sights on the river]]

&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>140098</id>
      <parentid>140097</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T08:22:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
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      <text bytes="9670" sha1="ih53uu5xpoveuodiddzs90wbwuwiiua" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Major river in northeast Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

'''Nile''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zɔri gindi [[Africa]] wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Mediterranean teeku ni. Di waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 7,088, di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari dunia zaa mɔɣa,{{efn|name=longest}} amaa ti yi kana ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili maa puuni di nyɛla din pɔra ni Amazon mini [[Congo River|Congo]]. Nile nyɛla din mali taarihi zaŋ jandi gbaŋsabila biɛhisi shee, daabilim  n-ti pahi kaya ni taada taarihi

Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi ayi: dinima nyɛ White Nile mini Blue Nile. White Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din waɣa ka nyɛ so'kam ni saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ din tiri Nile kom amaa  Blue Nile nyɛla din mali kom viɛnyɛla kamani buyi zuɣu gari White Nile. White Nile nyɛla din piligi miri [[Lake Victoria]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gindi Uganda mini South Sudan ka   Blue Nile mi nyɛ din piligi miri Lake Tana din be Ethiopia ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chaŋ hali ni Sudan. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Sudannima tiŋ zuɣu Khartoum. Bin din gbaai ni Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo n chaŋ nti gari Nubian Desert n saa gari chaŋ Egypt tiŋ zuɣu [[Cairo]] ka di yi zo n lu Mediterranean teeku din miri [[Alexandria]].

Nile mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din paai yuma kamani 15,000. Di nyɛla din zɔri gindi kamani tiŋgbana pin'yini. Nile kom nyɛla din yirina saa mibu ni, sa'kom din yirina [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]. Tiŋgbana kamani {{snd}}[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]] n-ti pahi South Sudan nyɛla tiŋgbani shɛŋa din bi tooi nyari saa ka dizuɣu chɛ ka bɛ tooi mali mɔɣa niŋdi pukparilim. tiŋgbani shɛŋa din gba lahi be bee yaɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be Nile Basin nyɛ [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Eritrea]] nti pahi [[Rwanda]].

== Yuya mini gbunni ==

Silimiinsili bachi &quot;Nile&quot; nyɛla din yina [[Latin]] {{lang|la|Nilus}} mini  [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|Νεῖλος}} (Neilos) ka di nyɛ din yina Semitic bachi ''naḥal'', ka di gbunni nyɛ mɔɣili.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}
{{Quote box|align=right|width=30|[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] for {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}},&lt;br&gt;the word for 'river' or 'Nile':{{sfn|Gardiner|1964|pp=43,623}}{{efn|Other hieroglyphs for 'river' are presented in {{harvnb|Faulkner|1964|p=33}} and {{harvnb|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}.
}}  &lt;hiero&gt;M17-X1:D21-G43-N35:N35:N35&lt;/hiero&gt;
}}
Saha shɛli maa ha Egyptnima balli ni, lala bachi Ŋɔ nyɛla yuusiri shɛli zaŋ n-ti 'Nile' mini mɔɣili': {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}}.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}} Egyptnima nyɛla ban booni bɛ tiŋgbani {{lang|egy-latn|kmt}} ka di gbunni nyɛ  'sabinli',  di nyɛla din jandi sabinli zaŋ n-ti i Nile kom nahingbaŋ.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=339, 470}} Silimiinsili yuli  &quot;Blue Nile&quot; nyɛla lɛbiginsim din yina Larigu yuli ''Al-Baḥr Al-Azraq''.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}&lt;!--
{{efn|The waters of the Blue Nile are very dark during the winter flood season, as they carry vast amounts of sediment downstream.{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|pp=503-504}} 
}} --&gt;

Saha ŋɔ mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali bɔbugu Nile Basin. Egypt tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli ''Al-Nīl'', ''Baḥr Al-Nīl'' bee ''Nahr Al-Nīl''.&lt;ref name=Barh&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Badawi|2003 |p=717}}.
|{{harvnb|Hurst|2025}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--
{{efn|''Bahr'' is 'sea'; ''Nahr'' is 'river'.&lt;ref name=Barh/&gt;
}} --&gt; South Sudan tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli Arabic ''Baḥr el-Jebel'', {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}} ka di gbunni nyɛ 'Mountain River'.{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=6}}  Uganda tiŋgbani, ninvuɣ shɛba ban yɛri Luganda nyɛla ban booni li ''Kiyira''.{{sfn|Hamilton |2016|p=66}} Nubian niriba zaŋ n-ti Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yuusiri [[Nobiin language|Nobiin]] yuli ''Áman Dawū'' ('Great Water').{{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=8}}

Di nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi (mɔɣ'bihi shɛŋa dabam gba nyɛla din chaŋ na nti chirigi Nile) di shɛŋa nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ: 
* Albert Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Lake Albert chani Nimule&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Dumont|2009|pp=5,6,40}}.
|{{harvnb| Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Black Nile{{snd}}Yuli shɛli dabam zaŋ n-ti Atbarah mɔɣili &lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Haupt|1926|p=305}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Blue Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Kyoga Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka din zɔri yiri [[Lake Kyoga]] chani Lake Albert{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}
* Main Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Blue Nile mini White Nile{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=4}} 
* [[Mountain Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Uganda chani South Sudan{{sfn|Talling|2009|p=390}}&lt;!-- 
{{efn|The Mountain Nile is also called ''Baḥr al-Jabal'' or ''Baḥr el-Jebel'' in Arabic.
}} --&gt;
* Victoria Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri  [[Lake Victoria]] chani Lake Kyoga{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=5}}
* [[White Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Yellow Nile{{snd}} [[Wadi Howar]], mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Nile saha shɛli ha amaa ka nyɛ din daa kuui yuma din gari maa{{sfn| Dumont|2009|p=4}}
[[File:Nile River Sources.svg|thumb|alt= A map of northeast Africa. The Nile is visible as a meandering blue line, running vertically. The river starts at the bottom in green forested area, and goes upward then ends in a blue sea at the top.| The Nile has six [[Nile cataracts|cataracts]]{{efn| Some of the cataracts have been submerged by human-made reservoirs.}} and several sources.  ]]

{{clear}}[[File:Nile River Landmarks.svg|thumb|The waters of the Nile originate as rainfall in the mountains in the south and east regions of the Nile Basin.|alt=A map of northeast Africa, showing the location of several cities and tourist sights on the river]]

&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

====Sources and sinks: geographic basins====
[[Fil&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}</text>
      <sha1>ih53uu5xpoveuodiddzs90wbwuwiiua</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>140099</id>
      <parentid>140098</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T08:23:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Updated Content</comment>
      <origin>140099</origin>
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      <text bytes="13199" sha1="08v3bclbspo6bvvpicqe2sjmtbsyyzi" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Major river in northeast Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

'''Nile''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zɔri gindi [[Africa]] wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Mediterranean teeku ni. Di waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 7,088, di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari dunia zaa mɔɣa,{{efn|name=longest}} amaa ti yi kana ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili maa puuni di nyɛla din pɔra ni Amazon mini [[Congo River|Congo]]. Nile nyɛla din mali taarihi zaŋ jandi gbaŋsabila biɛhisi shee, daabilim  n-ti pahi kaya ni taada taarihi

Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi ayi: dinima nyɛ White Nile mini Blue Nile. White Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din waɣa ka nyɛ so'kam ni saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ din tiri Nile kom amaa  Blue Nile nyɛla din mali kom viɛnyɛla kamani buyi zuɣu gari White Nile. White Nile nyɛla din piligi miri [[Lake Victoria]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gindi Uganda mini South Sudan ka   Blue Nile mi nyɛ din piligi miri Lake Tana din be Ethiopia ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chaŋ hali ni Sudan. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Sudannima tiŋ zuɣu Khartoum. Bin din gbaai ni Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo n chaŋ nti gari Nubian Desert n saa gari chaŋ Egypt tiŋ zuɣu [[Cairo]] ka di yi zo n lu Mediterranean teeku din miri [[Alexandria]].

Nile mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din paai yuma kamani 15,000. Di nyɛla din zɔri gindi kamani tiŋgbana pin'yini. Nile kom nyɛla din yirina saa mibu ni, sa'kom din yirina [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]. Tiŋgbana kamani {{snd}}[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]] n-ti pahi South Sudan nyɛla tiŋgbani shɛŋa din bi tooi nyari saa ka dizuɣu chɛ ka bɛ tooi mali mɔɣa niŋdi pukparilim. tiŋgbani shɛŋa din gba lahi be bee yaɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be Nile Basin nyɛ [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Eritrea]] nti pahi [[Rwanda]].

== Yuya mini gbunni ==

Silimiinsili bachi &quot;Nile&quot; nyɛla din yina [[Latin]] {{lang|la|Nilus}} mini  [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|Νεῖλος}} (Neilos) ka di nyɛ din yina Semitic bachi ''naḥal'', ka di gbunni nyɛ mɔɣili.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}
{{Quote box|align=right|width=30|[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] for {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}},&lt;br&gt;the word for 'river' or 'Nile':{{sfn|Gardiner|1964|pp=43,623}}{{efn|Other hieroglyphs for 'river' are presented in {{harvnb|Faulkner|1964|p=33}} and {{harvnb|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}.
}}  &lt;hiero&gt;M17-X1:D21-G43-N35:N35:N35&lt;/hiero&gt;
}}
Saha shɛli maa ha Egyptnima balli ni, lala bachi Ŋɔ nyɛla yuusiri shɛli zaŋ n-ti 'Nile' mini mɔɣili': {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}}.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}} Egyptnima nyɛla ban booni bɛ tiŋgbani {{lang|egy-latn|kmt}} ka di gbunni nyɛ  'sabinli',  di nyɛla din jandi sabinli zaŋ n-ti i Nile kom nahingbaŋ.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=339, 470}} Silimiinsili yuli  &quot;Blue Nile&quot; nyɛla lɛbiginsim din yina Larigu yuli ''Al-Baḥr Al-Azraq''.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}&lt;!--
{{efn|The waters of the Blue Nile are very dark during the winter flood season, as they carry vast amounts of sediment downstream.{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|pp=503-504}} 
}} --&gt;

Saha ŋɔ mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali bɔbugu Nile Basin. Egypt tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli ''Al-Nīl'', ''Baḥr Al-Nīl'' bee ''Nahr Al-Nīl''.&lt;ref name=Barh&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Badawi|2003 |p=717}}.
|{{harvnb|Hurst|2025}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--
{{efn|''Bahr'' is 'sea'; ''Nahr'' is 'river'.&lt;ref name=Barh/&gt;
}} --&gt; South Sudan tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli Arabic ''Baḥr el-Jebel'', {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}} ka di gbunni nyɛ 'Mountain River'.{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=6}}  Uganda tiŋgbani, ninvuɣ shɛba ban yɛri Luganda nyɛla ban booni li ''Kiyira''.{{sfn|Hamilton |2016|p=66}} Nubian niriba zaŋ n-ti Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yuusiri [[Nobiin language|Nobiin]] yuli ''Áman Dawū'' ('Great Water').{{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=8}}

Di nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi (mɔɣ'bihi shɛŋa dabam gba nyɛla din chaŋ na nti chirigi Nile) di shɛŋa nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ: 
* Albert Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Lake Albert chani Nimule&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Dumont|2009|pp=5,6,40}}.
|{{harvnb| Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Black Nile{{snd}}Yuli shɛli dabam zaŋ n-ti Atbarah mɔɣili &lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Haupt|1926|p=305}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Blue Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Kyoga Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka din zɔri yiri [[Lake Kyoga]] chani Lake Albert{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}
* Main Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Blue Nile mini White Nile{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=4}} 
* [[Mountain Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Uganda chani South Sudan{{sfn|Talling|2009|p=390}}&lt;!-- 
{{efn|The Mountain Nile is also called ''Baḥr al-Jabal'' or ''Baḥr el-Jebel'' in Arabic.
}} --&gt;
* Victoria Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri  [[Lake Victoria]] chani Lake Kyoga{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=5}}
* [[White Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Yellow Nile{{snd}} [[Wadi Howar]], mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Nile saha shɛli ha amaa ka nyɛ din daa kuui yuma din gari maa{{sfn| Dumont|2009|p=4}}
[[File:Nile River Sources.svg|thumb|alt= A map of northeast Africa. The Nile is visible as a meandering blue line, running vertically. The river starts at the bottom in green forested area, and goes upward then ends in a blue sea at the top.| The Nile has six [[Nile cataracts|cataracts]]{{efn| Some of the cataracts have been submerged by human-made reservoirs.}} and several sources.  ]]

{{clear}}[[File:Nile River Landmarks.svg|thumb|The waters of the Nile originate as rainfall in the mountains in the south and east regions of the Nile Basin.|alt=A map of northeast Africa, showing the location of several cities and tourist sights on the river]]

&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

====Sources and sinks: geographic basins====
[[Fil&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

e:Nile River discharge flow gauge locations.svg|thumb|The water balance tables of this article contain water flow information measured at the twelve stations shown in this map.&lt;ref name=HydroData/&gt;{{efn|name=StnNames}}|alt=A map of northeast Africa. The Nile River is drawn, and there are a dozen landmarks shown on the map, at various points of the river]]

{|   class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible  mw-uncollapsed nowrap defaultright col1left sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Geographic basin water balance (annual)&lt;ref name=HydroData&gt;{{harvnb|Senay|2014|loc=Tables 3,4,5 and 6;  Sec 3.5.5 (Source/Sink)}}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|name=exclGERD}}{{efn|name=TableLegend|Hydrology Table Legend:{{sfn|Senay|2014}}
* ''Precip'' - Precipitation (P)
* ''Evap''- Evapotranspiration (ET)
* ''Water Bal'' - Precip-ET
* ''Discharge'' - River flow at measuring station (average of the entire year)
* ''Source or Sink '' - Is basin a significant source or sink of water?
}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin's&lt;br /&gt;downstream&lt;br /&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 1 [[Lake Victoria]] outlet{{efn|Measured at [[Nalubaale dam]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (74) || 264,259 || 353   || 279   || 57
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2 [[Murchison Falls]]{{efn|Measured at [[Paara (Uganda)]], slightly downstream from Murchison Falls.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (15) || 85,513 || 109   || 94     || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |3 [[Mongalla, South Sudan|Mongalla]]{{efn|Measured at [[Mongalla, South Sudan]], about 40 km downstream (north) of [[Juba]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) || 131,691 || 159 || 158    || 5
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 4 [[Malakal]]{{efn|Malakal is after the confluence of the White Nile and Sobat. It includes both [[Bahr el Ghazal River|Bahr el Ghazal]] and [[Sobat River]] tributaries.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−159)  || 925,160|| 798   || 957   || 150
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |5 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Measured at [[Al Mogran]] before the Blue Nile confluence (includes only the White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |{{D-N|Sink}} (−40) || 257,130 || 134   || 174   || 14
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 6 [[Roseires Dam|Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
| {{D-P|Source}} (105) ||  188,296|| 246  || 142 || 70
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |7 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Includes only Blue Nile (excludes White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
| {{D-W|Neutral}} (10) || 118,651|| 96  || 72   || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |8 [[Khashm el Girba]]{{efn|Roughly at the midpoint of the Atbarah river.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 | {{D-P|Source}} (30) ||  100,318|| 95   || 66  || 10
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 9 Mouth of [[Atbarah River]]{{efn |Measured at the Kilo3 station, where the Atbarah joins the Nile.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (−3) || 104,051 || 22  || 25 || 1
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 11 [[Aswan Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  188,011||2 || 13  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |12 [[Cairo]]/[[Nile Delta|Delta]]{{efn|Station is El Ekhsase, near Cairo. Basin data includes the Nile Delta, even though the delta is downstream of the station.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2, Sec 2.2.5}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  145,293||3  || 12  || 0
|}</text>
      <sha1>08v3bclbspo6bvvpicqe2sjmtbsyyzi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>140100</id>
      <parentid>140099</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T08:25:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Updated Content</comment>
      <origin>140100</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15589" sha1="tbqwnwx5ap4r8uwohxj3e071uz75zsf" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Major river in northeast Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

'''Nile''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zɔri gindi [[Africa]] wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Mediterranean teeku ni. Di waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 7,088, di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari dunia zaa mɔɣa,{{efn|name=longest}} amaa ti yi kana ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili maa puuni di nyɛla din pɔra ni Amazon mini [[Congo River|Congo]]. Nile nyɛla din mali taarihi zaŋ jandi gbaŋsabila biɛhisi shee, daabilim  n-ti pahi kaya ni taada taarihi

Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi ayi: dinima nyɛ White Nile mini Blue Nile. White Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din waɣa ka nyɛ so'kam ni saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ din tiri Nile kom amaa  Blue Nile nyɛla din mali kom viɛnyɛla kamani buyi zuɣu gari White Nile. White Nile nyɛla din piligi miri [[Lake Victoria]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gindi Uganda mini South Sudan ka   Blue Nile mi nyɛ din piligi miri Lake Tana din be Ethiopia ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chaŋ hali ni Sudan. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Sudannima tiŋ zuɣu Khartoum. Bin din gbaai ni Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo n chaŋ nti gari Nubian Desert n saa gari chaŋ Egypt tiŋ zuɣu [[Cairo]] ka di yi zo n lu Mediterranean teeku din miri [[Alexandria]].

Nile mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din paai yuma kamani 15,000. Di nyɛla din zɔri gindi kamani tiŋgbana pin'yini. Nile kom nyɛla din yirina saa mibu ni, sa'kom din yirina [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]. Tiŋgbana kamani {{snd}}[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]] n-ti pahi South Sudan nyɛla tiŋgbani shɛŋa din bi tooi nyari saa ka dizuɣu chɛ ka bɛ tooi mali mɔɣa niŋdi pukparilim. tiŋgbani shɛŋa din gba lahi be bee yaɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be Nile Basin nyɛ [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Eritrea]] nti pahi [[Rwanda]].

== Yuya mini gbunni ==

Silimiinsili bachi &quot;Nile&quot; nyɛla din yina [[Latin]] {{lang|la|Nilus}} mini  [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|Νεῖλος}} (Neilos) ka di nyɛ din yina Semitic bachi ''naḥal'', ka di gbunni nyɛ mɔɣili.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}
{{Quote box|align=right|width=30|[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] for {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}},&lt;br&gt;the word for 'river' or 'Nile':{{sfn|Gardiner|1964|pp=43,623}}{{efn|Other hieroglyphs for 'river' are presented in {{harvnb|Faulkner|1964|p=33}} and {{harvnb|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}.
}}  &lt;hiero&gt;M17-X1:D21-G43-N35:N35:N35&lt;/hiero&gt;
}}
Saha shɛli maa ha Egyptnima balli ni, lala bachi Ŋɔ nyɛla yuusiri shɛli zaŋ n-ti 'Nile' mini mɔɣili': {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}}.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}} Egyptnima nyɛla ban booni bɛ tiŋgbani {{lang|egy-latn|kmt}} ka di gbunni nyɛ  'sabinli',  di nyɛla din jandi sabinli zaŋ n-ti i Nile kom nahingbaŋ.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=339, 470}} Silimiinsili yuli  &quot;Blue Nile&quot; nyɛla lɛbiginsim din yina Larigu yuli ''Al-Baḥr Al-Azraq''.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}&lt;!--
{{efn|The waters of the Blue Nile are very dark during the winter flood season, as they carry vast amounts of sediment downstream.{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|pp=503-504}} 
}} --&gt;

Saha ŋɔ mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali bɔbugu Nile Basin. Egypt tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli ''Al-Nīl'', ''Baḥr Al-Nīl'' bee ''Nahr Al-Nīl''.&lt;ref name=Barh&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Badawi|2003 |p=717}}.
|{{harvnb|Hurst|2025}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--
{{efn|''Bahr'' is 'sea'; ''Nahr'' is 'river'.&lt;ref name=Barh/&gt;
}} --&gt; South Sudan tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli Arabic ''Baḥr el-Jebel'', {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}} ka di gbunni nyɛ 'Mountain River'.{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=6}}  Uganda tiŋgbani, ninvuɣ shɛba ban yɛri Luganda nyɛla ban booni li ''Kiyira''.{{sfn|Hamilton |2016|p=66}} Nubian niriba zaŋ n-ti Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yuusiri [[Nobiin language|Nobiin]] yuli ''Áman Dawū'' ('Great Water').{{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=8}}

Di nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi (mɔɣ'bihi shɛŋa dabam gba nyɛla din chaŋ na nti chirigi Nile) di shɛŋa nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ: 
* Albert Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Lake Albert chani Nimule&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Dumont|2009|pp=5,6,40}}.
|{{harvnb| Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Black Nile{{snd}}Yuli shɛli dabam zaŋ n-ti Atbarah mɔɣili &lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Haupt|1926|p=305}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Blue Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Kyoga Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka din zɔri yiri [[Lake Kyoga]] chani Lake Albert{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}
* Main Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Blue Nile mini White Nile{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=4}} 
* [[Mountain Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Uganda chani South Sudan{{sfn|Talling|2009|p=390}}&lt;!-- 
{{efn|The Mountain Nile is also called ''Baḥr al-Jabal'' or ''Baḥr el-Jebel'' in Arabic.
}} --&gt;
* Victoria Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri  [[Lake Victoria]] chani Lake Kyoga{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=5}}
* [[White Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Yellow Nile{{snd}} [[Wadi Howar]], mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Nile saha shɛli ha amaa ka nyɛ din daa kuui yuma din gari maa{{sfn| Dumont|2009|p=4}}
[[File:Nile River Sources.svg|thumb|alt= A map of northeast Africa. The Nile is visible as a meandering blue line, running vertically. The river starts at the bottom in green forested area, and goes upward then ends in a blue sea at the top.| The Nile has six [[Nile cataracts|cataracts]]{{efn| Some of the cataracts have been submerged by human-made reservoirs.}} and several sources.  ]]

{{clear}}[[File:Nile River Landmarks.svg|thumb|The waters of the Nile originate as rainfall in the mountains in the south and east regions of the Nile Basin.|alt=A map of northeast Africa, showing the location of several cities and tourist sights on the river]]

&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

====Sources and sinks: geographic basins====
[[Fil&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

e:Nile River discharge flow gauge locations.svg|thumb|The water balance tables of this article contain water flow information measured at the twelve stations shown in this map.&lt;ref name=HydroData/&gt;{{efn|name=StnNames}}|alt=A map of northeast Africa. The Nile River is drawn, and there are a dozen landmarks shown on the map, at various points of the river]]

{|   class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible  mw-uncollapsed nowrap defaultright col1left sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Geographic basin water balance (annual)&lt;ref name=HydroData&gt;{{harvnb|Senay|2014|loc=Tables 3,4,5 and 6;  Sec 3.5.5 (Source/Sink)}}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|name=exclGERD}}{{efn|name=TableLegend|Hydrology Table Legend:{{sfn|Senay|2014}}
* ''Precip'' - Precipitation (P)
* ''Evap''- Evapotranspiration (ET)
* ''Water Bal'' - Precip-ET
* ''Discharge'' - River flow at measuring station (average of the entire year)
* ''Source or Sink '' - Is basin a significant source or sink of water?
}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin's&lt;br /&gt;downstream&lt;br /&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 1 [[Lake Victoria]] outlet{{efn|Measured at [[Nalubaale dam]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (74) || 264,259 || 353   || 279   || 57
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2 [[Murchison Falls]]{{efn|Measured at [[Paara (Uganda)]], slightly downstream from Murchison Falls.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (15) || 85,513 || 109   || 94     || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |3 [[Mongalla, South Sudan|Mongalla]]{{efn|Measured at [[Mongalla, South Sudan]], about 40 km downstream (north) of [[Juba]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) || 131,691 || 159 || 158    || 5
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 4 [[Malakal]]{{efn|Malakal is after the confluence of the White Nile and Sobat. It includes both [[Bahr el Ghazal River|Bahr el Ghazal]] and [[Sobat River]] tributaries.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−159)  || 925,160|| 798   || 957   || 150
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |5 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Measured at [[Al Mogran]] before the Blue Nile confluence (includes only the White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |{{D-N|Sink}} (−40) || 257,130 || 134   || 174   || 14
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 6 [[Roseires Dam|Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
| {{D-P|Source}} (105) ||  188,296|| 246  || 142 || 70
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |7 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Includes only Blue Nile (excludes White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
| {{D-W|Neutral}} (10) || 118,651|| 96  || 72   || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |8 [[Khashm el Girba]]{{efn|Roughly at the midpoint of the Atbarah river.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 | {{D-P|Source}} (30) ||  100,318|| 95   || 66  || 10
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 9 Mouth of [[Atbarah River]]{{efn |Measured at the Kilo3 station, where the Atbarah joins the Nile.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (−3) || 104,051 || 22  || 25 || 1
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 11 [[Aswan Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  188,011||2 || 13  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |12 [[Cairo]]/[[Nile Delta|Delta]]{{efn|Station is El Ekhsase, near Cairo. Basin data includes the Nile Delta, even though the delta is downstream of the station.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2, Sec 2.2.5}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  145,293||3  || 12  || 0
|}

[[File:The Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea (iss071e405499).jpg | thumb | The Nile (bottom) flows through Egypt's desert, which was much wetter during the [[African humid period]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Humid&quot;&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Kuper |Kröpelin|2006 |pp=803–807}}.  Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Bunbury|2023 |pp=47,57}}. Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Shoup|2017|loc=Articles: &quot;Culture of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of Egypt: Ancient&quot;, &quot;History of Sudan: Ancient Kush and Nubia&quot;, &quot;Atbara River&quot;}}. Nubian (Sudanese) culture in Sudan.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; |alt=A satellite photo of Egypt, showing mostly sandy ground, with a dark, meandering river flowing through the sand, emptying into a sea. ]]

[[File:Journey to Abydos, Tomb of Pairy MET DT10886.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|alt=A painting on a wall of a boat on a river, with Ancient Egyptians rowing it|Ancient Egyptians used boats extensively for transport. This image is from the [[TT139|Tomb of Pairy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ancientTransport&quot;&gt;
{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Van de Moortel|2007}}.
|{{harvnb|Creasman|2010}}. 
}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

===Post-colonial era===
[[File:Großer Tempel (Abu Simbel) 31.jpg|thumb|The [[Abu Simbel|Abu Simbel temples]] were relocated to higher ground when the [[Aswan High Dam]] was built and submerged their original location.{{sfn|Fleming  |Lothian |1997 |pp=135-136}} 
|alt=A huge rock sculpture of four kings sitting on thrones.]]
Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa deegi bɛ maŋsulinsi Britain yuuni 1950s sunsuuni.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-23}}{{efn|name=EgyptIndep|Egypt became nominally independent in 1922, but Britain maintained control of foreign policy and kept armed forces near the Suez Canal.  Full independence was achieved in 1957 after the [[Suez Crisis]].{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|pp=63-68}}}} Yuuni 1959 Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa labi lihi bɛ yuuni 1929 kom laɣim yuusi saawara. Bɛ ni daa labi gbaai saawara shɛli maa nyɛla din daa wuhi ni bɛ yɛn laɣimi yuusiri kom ŋɔ, ka daa yɛlli ni Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yɛn yuusiri kom maa kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 55.5 mini 18.5 billion cubic meters gabaadaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=122–123}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|pp=22–24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbani shɛŋa din be mɔɣili maa zuɣusaa nyɛla bɛ ni daa yihi shɛba lala saawara maa gbaabu ni, di shɛli nyɛ Ethiopia ka di gba nyɛ din tiri mɔɣili maa kom.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}</text>
      <sha1>tbqwnwx5ap4r8uwohxj3e071uz75zsf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>140101</id>
      <parentid>140100</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T08:26:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Updated Content</comment>
      <origin>140101</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16204" sha1="ii3dgmvzuz9akamgts7o33v3gi7egga" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Major river in northeast Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

'''Nile''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zɔri gindi [[Africa]] wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Mediterranean teeku ni. Di waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 7,088, di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari dunia zaa mɔɣa,{{efn|name=longest}} amaa ti yi kana ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili maa puuni di nyɛla din pɔra ni Amazon mini [[Congo River|Congo]]. Nile nyɛla din mali taarihi zaŋ jandi gbaŋsabila biɛhisi shee, daabilim  n-ti pahi kaya ni taada taarihi

Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi ayi: dinima nyɛ White Nile mini Blue Nile. White Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din waɣa ka nyɛ so'kam ni saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ din tiri Nile kom amaa  Blue Nile nyɛla din mali kom viɛnyɛla kamani buyi zuɣu gari White Nile. White Nile nyɛla din piligi miri [[Lake Victoria]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gindi Uganda mini South Sudan ka   Blue Nile mi nyɛ din piligi miri Lake Tana din be Ethiopia ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chaŋ hali ni Sudan. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Sudannima tiŋ zuɣu Khartoum. Bin din gbaai ni Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo n chaŋ nti gari Nubian Desert n saa gari chaŋ Egypt tiŋ zuɣu [[Cairo]] ka di yi zo n lu Mediterranean teeku din miri [[Alexandria]].

Nile mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din paai yuma kamani 15,000. Di nyɛla din zɔri gindi kamani tiŋgbana pin'yini. Nile kom nyɛla din yirina saa mibu ni, sa'kom din yirina [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]. Tiŋgbana kamani {{snd}}[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]] n-ti pahi South Sudan nyɛla tiŋgbani shɛŋa din bi tooi nyari saa ka dizuɣu chɛ ka bɛ tooi mali mɔɣa niŋdi pukparilim. tiŋgbani shɛŋa din gba lahi be bee yaɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be Nile Basin nyɛ [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Eritrea]] nti pahi [[Rwanda]].

== Yuya mini gbunni ==

Silimiinsili bachi &quot;Nile&quot; nyɛla din yina [[Latin]] {{lang|la|Nilus}} mini  [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|Νεῖλος}} (Neilos) ka di nyɛ din yina Semitic bachi ''naḥal'', ka di gbunni nyɛ mɔɣili.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}
{{Quote box|align=right|width=30|[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] for {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}},&lt;br&gt;the word for 'river' or 'Nile':{{sfn|Gardiner|1964|pp=43,623}}{{efn|Other hieroglyphs for 'river' are presented in {{harvnb|Faulkner|1964|p=33}} and {{harvnb|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}.
}}  &lt;hiero&gt;M17-X1:D21-G43-N35:N35:N35&lt;/hiero&gt;
}}
Saha shɛli maa ha Egyptnima balli ni, lala bachi Ŋɔ nyɛla yuusiri shɛli zaŋ n-ti 'Nile' mini mɔɣili': {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}}.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}} Egyptnima nyɛla ban booni bɛ tiŋgbani {{lang|egy-latn|kmt}} ka di gbunni nyɛ  'sabinli',  di nyɛla din jandi sabinli zaŋ n-ti i Nile kom nahingbaŋ.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=339, 470}} Silimiinsili yuli  &quot;Blue Nile&quot; nyɛla lɛbiginsim din yina Larigu yuli ''Al-Baḥr Al-Azraq''.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}&lt;!--
{{efn|The waters of the Blue Nile are very dark during the winter flood season, as they carry vast amounts of sediment downstream.{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|pp=503-504}} 
}} --&gt;

Saha ŋɔ mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali bɔbugu Nile Basin. Egypt tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli ''Al-Nīl'', ''Baḥr Al-Nīl'' bee ''Nahr Al-Nīl''.&lt;ref name=Barh&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Badawi|2003 |p=717}}.
|{{harvnb|Hurst|2025}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--
{{efn|''Bahr'' is 'sea'; ''Nahr'' is 'river'.&lt;ref name=Barh/&gt;
}} --&gt; South Sudan tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli Arabic ''Baḥr el-Jebel'', {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}} ka di gbunni nyɛ 'Mountain River'.{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=6}}  Uganda tiŋgbani, ninvuɣ shɛba ban yɛri Luganda nyɛla ban booni li ''Kiyira''.{{sfn|Hamilton |2016|p=66}} Nubian niriba zaŋ n-ti Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yuusiri [[Nobiin language|Nobiin]] yuli ''Áman Dawū'' ('Great Water').{{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=8}}

Di nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi (mɔɣ'bihi shɛŋa dabam gba nyɛla din chaŋ na nti chirigi Nile) di shɛŋa nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ: 
* Albert Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Lake Albert chani Nimule&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Dumont|2009|pp=5,6,40}}.
|{{harvnb| Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Black Nile{{snd}}Yuli shɛli dabam zaŋ n-ti Atbarah mɔɣili &lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Haupt|1926|p=305}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Blue Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Kyoga Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka din zɔri yiri [[Lake Kyoga]] chani Lake Albert{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}
* Main Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Blue Nile mini White Nile{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=4}} 
* [[Mountain Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Uganda chani South Sudan{{sfn|Talling|2009|p=390}}&lt;!-- 
{{efn|The Mountain Nile is also called ''Baḥr al-Jabal'' or ''Baḥr el-Jebel'' in Arabic.
}} --&gt;
* Victoria Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri  [[Lake Victoria]] chani Lake Kyoga{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=5}}
* [[White Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Yellow Nile{{snd}} [[Wadi Howar]], mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Nile saha shɛli ha amaa ka nyɛ din daa kuui yuma din gari maa{{sfn| Dumont|2009|p=4}}
[[File:Nile River Sources.svg|thumb|alt= A map of northeast Africa. The Nile is visible as a meandering blue line, running vertically. The river starts at the bottom in green forested area, and goes upward then ends in a blue sea at the top.| The Nile has six [[Nile cataracts|cataracts]]{{efn| Some of the cataracts have been submerged by human-made reservoirs.}} and several sources.  ]]

{{clear}}[[File:Nile River Landmarks.svg|thumb|The waters of the Nile originate as rainfall in the mountains in the south and east regions of the Nile Basin.|alt=A map of northeast Africa, showing the location of several cities and tourist sights on the river]]

&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

====Sources and sinks: geographic basins====
[[Fil&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

e:Nile River discharge flow gauge locations.svg|thumb|The water balance tables of this article contain water flow information measured at the twelve stations shown in this map.&lt;ref name=HydroData/&gt;{{efn|name=StnNames}}|alt=A map of northeast Africa. The Nile River is drawn, and there are a dozen landmarks shown on the map, at various points of the river]]

{|   class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible  mw-uncollapsed nowrap defaultright col1left sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Geographic basin water balance (annual)&lt;ref name=HydroData&gt;{{harvnb|Senay|2014|loc=Tables 3,4,5 and 6;  Sec 3.5.5 (Source/Sink)}}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|name=exclGERD}}{{efn|name=TableLegend|Hydrology Table Legend:{{sfn|Senay|2014}}
* ''Precip'' - Precipitation (P)
* ''Evap''- Evapotranspiration (ET)
* ''Water Bal'' - Precip-ET
* ''Discharge'' - River flow at measuring station (average of the entire year)
* ''Source or Sink '' - Is basin a significant source or sink of water?
}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin's&lt;br /&gt;downstream&lt;br /&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 1 [[Lake Victoria]] outlet{{efn|Measured at [[Nalubaale dam]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (74) || 264,259 || 353   || 279   || 57
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2 [[Murchison Falls]]{{efn|Measured at [[Paara (Uganda)]], slightly downstream from Murchison Falls.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (15) || 85,513 || 109   || 94     || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |3 [[Mongalla, South Sudan|Mongalla]]{{efn|Measured at [[Mongalla, South Sudan]], about 40 km downstream (north) of [[Juba]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) || 131,691 || 159 || 158    || 5
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 4 [[Malakal]]{{efn|Malakal is after the confluence of the White Nile and Sobat. It includes both [[Bahr el Ghazal River|Bahr el Ghazal]] and [[Sobat River]] tributaries.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−159)  || 925,160|| 798   || 957   || 150
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |5 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Measured at [[Al Mogran]] before the Blue Nile confluence (includes only the White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |{{D-N|Sink}} (−40) || 257,130 || 134   || 174   || 14
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 6 [[Roseires Dam|Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
| {{D-P|Source}} (105) ||  188,296|| 246  || 142 || 70
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |7 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Includes only Blue Nile (excludes White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
| {{D-W|Neutral}} (10) || 118,651|| 96  || 72   || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |8 [[Khashm el Girba]]{{efn|Roughly at the midpoint of the Atbarah river.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 | {{D-P|Source}} (30) ||  100,318|| 95   || 66  || 10
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 9 Mouth of [[Atbarah River]]{{efn |Measured at the Kilo3 station, where the Atbarah joins the Nile.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (−3) || 104,051 || 22  || 25 || 1
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 11 [[Aswan Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  188,011||2 || 13  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |12 [[Cairo]]/[[Nile Delta|Delta]]{{efn|Station is El Ekhsase, near Cairo. Basin data includes the Nile Delta, even though the delta is downstream of the station.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2, Sec 2.2.5}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  145,293||3  || 12  || 0
|}

[[File:The Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea (iss071e405499).jpg | thumb | The Nile (bottom) flows through Egypt's desert, which was much wetter during the [[African humid period]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Humid&quot;&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Kuper |Kröpelin|2006 |pp=803–807}}.  Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Bunbury|2023 |pp=47,57}}. Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Shoup|2017|loc=Articles: &quot;Culture of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of Egypt: Ancient&quot;, &quot;History of Sudan: Ancient Kush and Nubia&quot;, &quot;Atbara River&quot;}}. Nubian (Sudanese) culture in Sudan.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; |alt=A satellite photo of Egypt, showing mostly sandy ground, with a dark, meandering river flowing through the sand, emptying into a sea. ]]

[[File:Journey to Abydos, Tomb of Pairy MET DT10886.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|alt=A painting on a wall of a boat on a river, with Ancient Egyptians rowing it|Ancient Egyptians used boats extensively for transport. This image is from the [[TT139|Tomb of Pairy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ancientTransport&quot;&gt;
{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Van de Moortel|2007}}.
|{{harvnb|Creasman|2010}}. 
}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

===Post-colonial era===
[[File:Großer Tempel (Abu Simbel) 31.jpg|thumb|The [[Abu Simbel|Abu Simbel temples]] were relocated to higher ground when the [[Aswan High Dam]] was built and submerged their original location.{{sfn|Fleming  |Lothian |1997 |pp=135-136}} 
|alt=A huge rock sculpture of four kings sitting on thrones.]]
Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa deegi bɛ maŋsulinsi Britain yuuni 1950s sunsuuni.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-23}}{{efn|name=EgyptIndep|Egypt became nominally independent in 1922, but Britain maintained control of foreign policy and kept armed forces near the Suez Canal.  Full independence was achieved in 1957 after the [[Suez Crisis]].{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|pp=63-68}}}} Yuuni 1959 Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa labi lihi bɛ yuuni 1929 kom laɣim yuusi saawara. Bɛ ni daa labi gbaai saawara shɛli maa nyɛla din daa wuhi ni bɛ yɛn laɣimi yuusiri kom ŋɔ, ka daa yɛlli ni Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yɛn yuusiri kom maa kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 55.5 mini 18.5 billion cubic meters gabaadaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=122–123}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|pp=22–24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbani shɛŋa din be mɔɣili maa zuɣusaa nyɛla bɛ ni daa yihi shɛba lala saawara maa gbaabu ni, di shɛli nyɛ Ethiopia ka di gba nyɛ din tiri mɔɣili maa kom.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}

Yuuni 1959 saawara ŋɔ gbaabu maa nyɛla din daa ti Egypt mini Sudan soli ni bɛ gbi kulibɔna ka di nyɛ binshɛli bɛ ni daa niŋ: Egypt nyɛla ban daa gbi Aswan High Dam (di nyɛla din daa naai yuuni 1970); Sudan nyɛla ban daa gbi  [[Khashm el-Girba Dam]] (1964), [[Roseires Dam]] (1966), [[Merowe Dam]] (2009), n ti pahi [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex]] (2017).{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}{{efn|The 1959 agreement also provided for financial compensation paid from Egypt to Sudan for the displacement of [[Nubians]] as a result of the new reservoir behind the Aswan High Dam.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-24}}}}</text>
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{{Short description|Major river in northeast Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

'''Nile''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zɔri gindi [[Africa]] wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Mediterranean teeku ni. Di waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 7,088, di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari dunia zaa mɔɣa,{{efn|name=longest}} amaa ti yi kana ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili maa puuni di nyɛla din pɔra ni Amazon mini [[Congo River|Congo]]. Nile nyɛla din mali taarihi zaŋ jandi gbaŋsabila biɛhisi shee, daabilim  n-ti pahi kaya ni taada taarihi

Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi ayi: dinima nyɛ White Nile mini Blue Nile. White Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din waɣa ka nyɛ so'kam ni saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ din tiri Nile kom amaa  Blue Nile nyɛla din mali kom viɛnyɛla kamani buyi zuɣu gari White Nile. White Nile nyɛla din piligi miri [[Lake Victoria]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gindi Uganda mini South Sudan ka   Blue Nile mi nyɛ din piligi miri Lake Tana din be Ethiopia ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chaŋ hali ni Sudan. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Sudannima tiŋ zuɣu Khartoum. Bin din gbaai ni Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo n chaŋ nti gari Nubian Desert n saa gari chaŋ Egypt tiŋ zuɣu [[Cairo]] ka di yi zo n lu Mediterranean teeku din miri [[Alexandria]].

Nile mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din paai yuma kamani 15,000. Di nyɛla din zɔri gindi kamani tiŋgbana pin'yini. Nile kom nyɛla din yirina saa mibu ni, sa'kom din yirina [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]. Tiŋgbana kamani {{snd}}[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]] n-ti pahi South Sudan nyɛla tiŋgbani shɛŋa din bi tooi nyari saa ka dizuɣu chɛ ka bɛ tooi mali mɔɣa niŋdi pukparilim. tiŋgbani shɛŋa din gba lahi be bee yaɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be Nile Basin nyɛ [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Eritrea]] nti pahi [[Rwanda]].

== Yuya mini gbunni ==

Silimiinsili bachi &quot;Nile&quot; nyɛla din yina [[Latin]] {{lang|la|Nilus}} mini  [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|Νεῖλος}} (Neilos) ka di nyɛ din yina Semitic bachi ''naḥal'', ka di gbunni nyɛ mɔɣili.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}
{{Quote box|align=right|width=30|[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] for {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}},&lt;br&gt;the word for 'river' or 'Nile':{{sfn|Gardiner|1964|pp=43,623}}{{efn|Other hieroglyphs for 'river' are presented in {{harvnb|Faulkner|1964|p=33}} and {{harvnb|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}.
}}  &lt;hiero&gt;M17-X1:D21-G43-N35:N35:N35&lt;/hiero&gt;
}}
Saha shɛli maa ha Egyptnima balli ni, lala bachi Ŋɔ nyɛla yuusiri shɛli zaŋ n-ti 'Nile' mini mɔɣili': {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}}.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}} Egyptnima nyɛla ban booni bɛ tiŋgbani {{lang|egy-latn|kmt}} ka di gbunni nyɛ  'sabinli',  di nyɛla din jandi sabinli zaŋ n-ti i Nile kom nahingbaŋ.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=339, 470}} Silimiinsili yuli  &quot;Blue Nile&quot; nyɛla lɛbiginsim din yina Larigu yuli ''Al-Baḥr Al-Azraq''.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}&lt;!--
{{efn|The waters of the Blue Nile are very dark during the winter flood season, as they carry vast amounts of sediment downstream.{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|pp=503-504}} 
}} --&gt;

Saha ŋɔ mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali bɔbugu Nile Basin. Egypt tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli ''Al-Nīl'', ''Baḥr Al-Nīl'' bee ''Nahr Al-Nīl''.&lt;ref name=Barh&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Badawi|2003 |p=717}}.
|{{harvnb|Hurst|2025}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--
{{efn|''Bahr'' is 'sea'; ''Nahr'' is 'river'.&lt;ref name=Barh/&gt;
}} --&gt; South Sudan tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli Arabic ''Baḥr el-Jebel'', {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}} ka di gbunni nyɛ 'Mountain River'.{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=6}}  Uganda tiŋgbani, ninvuɣ shɛba ban yɛri Luganda nyɛla ban booni li ''Kiyira''.{{sfn|Hamilton |2016|p=66}} Nubian niriba zaŋ n-ti Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yuusiri [[Nobiin language|Nobiin]] yuli ''Áman Dawū'' ('Great Water').{{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=8}}

Di nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi (mɔɣ'bihi shɛŋa dabam gba nyɛla din chaŋ na nti chirigi Nile) di shɛŋa nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ: 
* Albert Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Lake Albert chani Nimule&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Dumont|2009|pp=5,6,40}}.
|{{harvnb| Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Black Nile{{snd}}Yuli shɛli dabam zaŋ n-ti Atbarah mɔɣili &lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Haupt|1926|p=305}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Blue Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Kyoga Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka din zɔri yiri [[Lake Kyoga]] chani Lake Albert{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}
* Main Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Blue Nile mini White Nile{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=4}} 
* [[Mountain Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Uganda chani South Sudan{{sfn|Talling|2009|p=390}}&lt;!-- 
{{efn|The Mountain Nile is also called ''Baḥr al-Jabal'' or ''Baḥr el-Jebel'' in Arabic.
}} --&gt;
* Victoria Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri  [[Lake Victoria]] chani Lake Kyoga{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=5}}
* [[White Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Yellow Nile{{snd}} [[Wadi Howar]], mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Nile saha shɛli ha amaa ka nyɛ din daa kuui yuma din gari maa{{sfn| Dumont|2009|p=4}}
[[File:Nile River Sources.svg|thumb|alt= A map of northeast Africa. The Nile is visible as a meandering blue line, running vertically. The river starts at the bottom in green forested area, and goes upward then ends in a blue sea at the top.| The Nile has six [[Nile cataracts|cataracts]]{{efn| Some of the cataracts have been submerged by human-made reservoirs.}} and several sources.  ]]

{{clear}}[[File:Nile River Landmarks.svg|thumb|The waters of the Nile originate as rainfall in the mountains in the south and east regions of the Nile Basin.|alt=A map of northeast Africa, showing the location of several cities and tourist sights on the river]]

&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

====Sources and sinks: geographic basins====
[[Fil&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

e:Nile River discharge flow gauge locations.svg|thumb|The water balance tables of this article contain water flow information measured at the twelve stations shown in this map.&lt;ref name=HydroData/&gt;{{efn|name=StnNames}}|alt=A map of northeast Africa. The Nile River is drawn, and there are a dozen landmarks shown on the map, at various points of the river]]

{|   class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible  mw-uncollapsed nowrap defaultright col1left sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Geographic basin water balance (annual)&lt;ref name=HydroData&gt;{{harvnb|Senay|2014|loc=Tables 3,4,5 and 6;  Sec 3.5.5 (Source/Sink)}}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|name=exclGERD}}{{efn|name=TableLegend|Hydrology Table Legend:{{sfn|Senay|2014}}
* ''Precip'' - Precipitation (P)
* ''Evap''- Evapotranspiration (ET)
* ''Water Bal'' - Precip-ET
* ''Discharge'' - River flow at measuring station (average of the entire year)
* ''Source or Sink '' - Is basin a significant source or sink of water?
}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin's&lt;br /&gt;downstream&lt;br /&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 1 [[Lake Victoria]] outlet{{efn|Measured at [[Nalubaale dam]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (74) || 264,259 || 353   || 279   || 57
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2 [[Murchison Falls]]{{efn|Measured at [[Paara (Uganda)]], slightly downstream from Murchison Falls.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (15) || 85,513 || 109   || 94     || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |3 [[Mongalla, South Sudan|Mongalla]]{{efn|Measured at [[Mongalla, South Sudan]], about 40 km downstream (north) of [[Juba]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) || 131,691 || 159 || 158    || 5
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 4 [[Malakal]]{{efn|Malakal is after the confluence of the White Nile and Sobat. It includes both [[Bahr el Ghazal River|Bahr el Ghazal]] and [[Sobat River]] tributaries.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−159)  || 925,160|| 798   || 957   || 150
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |5 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Measured at [[Al Mogran]] before the Blue Nile confluence (includes only the White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |{{D-N|Sink}} (−40) || 257,130 || 134   || 174   || 14
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 6 [[Roseires Dam|Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
| {{D-P|Source}} (105) ||  188,296|| 246  || 142 || 70
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |7 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Includes only Blue Nile (excludes White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
| {{D-W|Neutral}} (10) || 118,651|| 96  || 72   || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |8 [[Khashm el Girba]]{{efn|Roughly at the midpoint of the Atbarah river.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 | {{D-P|Source}} (30) ||  100,318|| 95   || 66  || 10
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 9 Mouth of [[Atbarah River]]{{efn |Measured at the Kilo3 station, where the Atbarah joins the Nile.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (−3) || 104,051 || 22  || 25 || 1
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 11 [[Aswan Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  188,011||2 || 13  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |12 [[Cairo]]/[[Nile Delta|Delta]]{{efn|Station is El Ekhsase, near Cairo. Basin data includes the Nile Delta, even though the delta is downstream of the station.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2, Sec 2.2.5}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  145,293||3  || 12  || 0
|}

[[File:The Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea (iss071e405499).jpg | thumb | The Nile (bottom) flows through Egypt's desert, which was much wetter during the [[African humid period]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Humid&quot;&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Kuper |Kröpelin|2006 |pp=803–807}}.  Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Bunbury|2023 |pp=47,57}}. Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Shoup|2017|loc=Articles: &quot;Culture of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of Egypt: Ancient&quot;, &quot;History of Sudan: Ancient Kush and Nubia&quot;, &quot;Atbara River&quot;}}. Nubian (Sudanese) culture in Sudan.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; |alt=A satellite photo of Egypt, showing mostly sandy ground, with a dark, meandering river flowing through the sand, emptying into a sea. ]]

[[File:Journey to Abydos, Tomb of Pairy MET DT10886.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|alt=A painting on a wall of a boat on a river, with Ancient Egyptians rowing it|Ancient Egyptians used boats extensively for transport. This image is from the [[TT139|Tomb of Pairy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ancientTransport&quot;&gt;
{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Van de Moortel|2007}}.
|{{harvnb|Creasman|2010}}. 
}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

===Post-colonial era===
[[File:Großer Tempel (Abu Simbel) 31.jpg|thumb|The [[Abu Simbel|Abu Simbel temples]] were relocated to higher ground when the [[Aswan High Dam]] was built and submerged their original location.{{sfn|Fleming  |Lothian |1997 |pp=135-136}} 
|alt=A huge rock sculpture of four kings sitting on thrones.]]
Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa deegi bɛ maŋsulinsi Britain yuuni 1950s sunsuuni.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-23}}{{efn|name=EgyptIndep|Egypt became nominally independent in 1922, but Britain maintained control of foreign policy and kept armed forces near the Suez Canal.  Full independence was achieved in 1957 after the [[Suez Crisis]].{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|pp=63-68}}}} Yuuni 1959 Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa labi lihi bɛ yuuni 1929 kom laɣim yuusi saawara. Bɛ ni daa labi gbaai saawara shɛli maa nyɛla din daa wuhi ni bɛ yɛn laɣimi yuusiri kom ŋɔ, ka daa yɛlli ni Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yɛn yuusiri kom maa kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 55.5 mini 18.5 billion cubic meters gabaadaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=122–123}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|pp=22–24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbani shɛŋa din be mɔɣili maa zuɣusaa nyɛla bɛ ni daa yihi shɛba lala saawara maa gbaabu ni, di shɛli nyɛ Ethiopia ka di gba nyɛ din tiri mɔɣili maa kom.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}

Yuuni 1959 saawara ŋɔ gbaabu maa nyɛla din daa ti Egypt mini Sudan soli ni bɛ gbi kulibɔna ka di nyɛ binshɛli bɛ ni daa niŋ: Egypt nyɛla ban daa gbi Aswan High Dam (di nyɛla din daa naai yuuni 1970); Sudan nyɛla ban daa gbi  [[Khashm el-Girba Dam]] (1964), [[Roseires Dam]] (1966), [[Merowe Dam]] (2009), n ti pahi [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex]] (2017).{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}{{efn|The 1959 agreement also provided for financial compensation paid from Egypt to Sudan for the displacement of [[Nubians]] as a result of the new reservoir behind the Aswan High Dam.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-24}}}}

[[File:GERD 3.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025, generates over 5 gigawatts.{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}}|alt=A photograph of large concrete dam and the reservoir it creates.  The photo is taken from an aerial viewpoint, looking down from above.  Large plumes of white water spray over a spillway.]]
[[File:Desert agriculture in Egypt (Copernicus 2024-02-03).jpg|thumb|alt=An aerial photograph of a yellow sandy desert to the west of the Nile. Over forty green circles are visible, where irrigation water has been used to grow crops.|These crops in Egypt (near the [[Toshka Lakes]]) are the result of [[New Valley Project|an irrigation system]] that pumps Nile water out of [[Lake Nasser]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|&quot;Desert Agriculture&quot;, ''Copernicus Programme''}}.
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=84–85}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
]]
{{efn|This table only includes hydropower stations with capacities over 100 MW.  Smaller stations including [[Assiut Barrage]], [[Jebel Aulia Dam]], [[Naga Hammadi dam]], [[Esna Power Plant]], and  [[Tis Abay I, II]]   are not included. Hydropower stations ''outside'' the Nile Basin are not included, such as Ethiopia's [[Gilgel Gibe I Dam|Gilgel Gibe Dams I]], [[Gilgel Gibe II Dam|II]], and [[Gilgel Gibe III Dam|III]].}}
{| class= &quot;wikitable defaultright col2center col5center sortable&quot;
|+ Major hydropower stations in the Nile Basin{{efn|Colors in the &quot;Landmark&quot; column indicate the country in which the hydropower station is located.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Hydropower&lt;br&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nearby&lt;br&gt;landmark
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year&lt;br&gt;completed
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Nameplate capacity|Power]]&lt;br&gt;(MW, in 2025)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Tributary
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Aswan Low Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan, Egypt]]}} ||1902, 1912, 1933, 1985||  550{{sfn|&quot;Aswan Low Dam&quot;, ''Egypt MOEE'' }} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Aswan High Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan]] Egypt}} || 1970 || 2,100{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=149}} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Merowe Dam]]
| {{WinDL|[[Merowe, Sudan]]  }}|| 2009 || 1,250{{sfn|&quot;Merowe Dam - Sudan&quot;, '' Abu Dhabi Fund for Development''}}  || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex|Upper Atbara and Setit]]
| {{WinDL| [[Showak|Showak, Sudan]] }}||  2017  || 320{{sfn|&quot;Upper Atbara Dam&quot;,  ''OPEC Fund for International Development''}}  || [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]] and [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Roseires Dam]]
| {{WinDL| [[Er Roseires|Er Roseires, Sudan]]}} || 1966, 2013  || 280{{sfn|&quot;Roseires Dam&quot;, ''IHA''}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Beles Hydroelectric Power Plant|Tana Beles]]
| {{partial|[[Lake Tana|Lake Tana, Ethiopia]]}} || 2010 || 460{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || [[Beles River]], Blue Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Tekezé Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Tekezé River|Tekezé River, Ethiopia]]}} || 2009 || 300{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}}    || [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]], [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Bameza|Bameza, Ethiopia]] }}|| 2020 || 5,150{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Fincha Hydroelectric Power Station|Fincha]]
| {{partial| [[Fincha'a|Fincha'a, Ethiopia]]}} || 1973|| 134{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || Blue Nile (Chomen Lake) 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station|Karuma]]
| {{nom|  [[Karuma Falls|Karuma Falls, Uganda ]]}} || 2024 || 600{{sfn|&quot;Karuma&quot;, ''Uganda Radio Network''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Isimba Hydroelectric Power Station|Isimba]]
| {{nom| [[Kamuli District|Kamuli District, Uganda]]}}|| 2019 || 183{{sfn|&quot;Isimba Power Station&quot;, ''UEGCL''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Bujagali Hydroelectric Power Station|Bujagali]]
| {{nom| [[Bujagali Falls|Bujagali Falls, Uganda]]}}|| 2012|| 250{{sfn|Griffin|2018}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Kiira Hydroelectric Power Station|Kiira]]
| {{nom| [[Kimaka|Kimaka, Uganda]]}}|| 2003 || 200{{sfn|Angurini|2021}} || Victoria Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Nalubaale Hydroelectric Power Station|Nalubaale]]
| {{nom| [[Jinja, Uganda]]}} || 1954|| 180{{Sfn|Tumwesigye|2011|p=10}}  ||   Victoria Nile
|}
 &lt;!-- 
{{
efn|
The river has several major cities on or near its banks including Cairo, [[Khartoum]], [[Juba]], and [[Kampala]]. These cities have hotels and facilities for tourists, such as the [[Speke Resort and Conference Center]], opened in Kampala in 2007.{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|p=217}} 
}} --&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>140103</id>
      <parentid>140102</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T08:30:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Updated Content</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22452" sha1="fezzcwxubc76gsrid2bzxo2t4cesqol" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Major river in northeast Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

'''Nile''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zɔri gindi [[Africa]] wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Mediterranean teeku ni. Di waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 7,088, di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari dunia zaa mɔɣa,{{efn|name=longest}} amaa ti yi kana ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili maa puuni di nyɛla din pɔra ni Amazon mini [[Congo River|Congo]]. Nile nyɛla din mali taarihi zaŋ jandi gbaŋsabila biɛhisi shee, daabilim  n-ti pahi kaya ni taada taarihi

Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi ayi: dinima nyɛ White Nile mini Blue Nile. White Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din waɣa ka nyɛ so'kam ni saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ din tiri Nile kom amaa  Blue Nile nyɛla din mali kom viɛnyɛla kamani buyi zuɣu gari White Nile. White Nile nyɛla din piligi miri [[Lake Victoria]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gindi Uganda mini South Sudan ka   Blue Nile mi nyɛ din piligi miri Lake Tana din be Ethiopia ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chaŋ hali ni Sudan. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Sudannima tiŋ zuɣu Khartoum. Bin din gbaai ni Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo n chaŋ nti gari Nubian Desert n saa gari chaŋ Egypt tiŋ zuɣu [[Cairo]] ka di yi zo n lu Mediterranean teeku din miri [[Alexandria]].

Nile mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din paai yuma kamani 15,000. Di nyɛla din zɔri gindi kamani tiŋgbana pin'yini. Nile kom nyɛla din yirina saa mibu ni, sa'kom din yirina [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]. Tiŋgbana kamani {{snd}}[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]] n-ti pahi South Sudan nyɛla tiŋgbani shɛŋa din bi tooi nyari saa ka dizuɣu chɛ ka bɛ tooi mali mɔɣa niŋdi pukparilim. tiŋgbani shɛŋa din gba lahi be bee yaɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be Nile Basin nyɛ [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Eritrea]] nti pahi [[Rwanda]].

== Yuya mini gbunni ==

Silimiinsili bachi &quot;Nile&quot; nyɛla din yina [[Latin]] {{lang|la|Nilus}} mini  [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|Νεῖλος}} (Neilos) ka di nyɛ din yina Semitic bachi ''naḥal'', ka di gbunni nyɛ mɔɣili.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}
{{Quote box|align=right|width=30|[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] for {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}},&lt;br&gt;the word for 'river' or 'Nile':{{sfn|Gardiner|1964|pp=43,623}}{{efn|Other hieroglyphs for 'river' are presented in {{harvnb|Faulkner|1964|p=33}} and {{harvnb|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}.
}}  &lt;hiero&gt;M17-X1:D21-G43-N35:N35:N35&lt;/hiero&gt;
}}
Saha shɛli maa ha Egyptnima balli ni, lala bachi Ŋɔ nyɛla yuusiri shɛli zaŋ n-ti 'Nile' mini mɔɣili': {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}}.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}} Egyptnima nyɛla ban booni bɛ tiŋgbani {{lang|egy-latn|kmt}} ka di gbunni nyɛ  'sabinli',  di nyɛla din jandi sabinli zaŋ n-ti i Nile kom nahingbaŋ.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=339, 470}} Silimiinsili yuli  &quot;Blue Nile&quot; nyɛla lɛbiginsim din yina Larigu yuli ''Al-Baḥr Al-Azraq''.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}&lt;!--
{{efn|The waters of the Blue Nile are very dark during the winter flood season, as they carry vast amounts of sediment downstream.{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|pp=503-504}} 
}} --&gt;

Saha ŋɔ mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali bɔbugu Nile Basin. Egypt tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli ''Al-Nīl'', ''Baḥr Al-Nīl'' bee ''Nahr Al-Nīl''.&lt;ref name=Barh&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Badawi|2003 |p=717}}.
|{{harvnb|Hurst|2025}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--
{{efn|''Bahr'' is 'sea'; ''Nahr'' is 'river'.&lt;ref name=Barh/&gt;
}} --&gt; South Sudan tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli Arabic ''Baḥr el-Jebel'', {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}} ka di gbunni nyɛ 'Mountain River'.{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=6}}  Uganda tiŋgbani, ninvuɣ shɛba ban yɛri Luganda nyɛla ban booni li ''Kiyira''.{{sfn|Hamilton |2016|p=66}} Nubian niriba zaŋ n-ti Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yuusiri [[Nobiin language|Nobiin]] yuli ''Áman Dawū'' ('Great Water').{{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=8}}

Di nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi (mɔɣ'bihi shɛŋa dabam gba nyɛla din chaŋ na nti chirigi Nile) di shɛŋa nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ: 
* Albert Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Lake Albert chani Nimule&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Dumont|2009|pp=5,6,40}}.
|{{harvnb| Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Black Nile{{snd}}Yuli shɛli dabam zaŋ n-ti Atbarah mɔɣili &lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Haupt|1926|p=305}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Blue Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Kyoga Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka din zɔri yiri [[Lake Kyoga]] chani Lake Albert{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}
* Main Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Blue Nile mini White Nile{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=4}} 
* [[Mountain Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Uganda chani South Sudan{{sfn|Talling|2009|p=390}}&lt;!-- 
{{efn|The Mountain Nile is also called ''Baḥr al-Jabal'' or ''Baḥr el-Jebel'' in Arabic.
}} --&gt;
* Victoria Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri  [[Lake Victoria]] chani Lake Kyoga{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=5}}
* [[White Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Yellow Nile{{snd}} [[Wadi Howar]], mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Nile saha shɛli ha amaa ka nyɛ din daa kuui yuma din gari maa{{sfn| Dumont|2009|p=4}}
[[File:Nile River Sources.svg|thumb|alt= A map of northeast Africa. The Nile is visible as a meandering blue line, running vertically. The river starts at the bottom in green forested area, and goes upward then ends in a blue sea at the top.| The Nile has six [[Nile cataracts|cataracts]]{{efn| Some of the cataracts have been submerged by human-made reservoirs.}} and several sources.  ]]

{{clear}}[[File:Nile River Landmarks.svg|thumb|The waters of the Nile originate as rainfall in the mountains in the south and east regions of the Nile Basin.|alt=A map of northeast Africa, showing the location of several cities and tourist sights on the river]]

&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

====Sources and sinks: geographic basins====
[[Fil&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

e:Nile River discharge flow gauge locations.svg|thumb|The water balance tables of this article contain water flow information measured at the twelve stations shown in this map.&lt;ref name=HydroData/&gt;{{efn|name=StnNames}}|alt=A map of northeast Africa. The Nile River is drawn, and there are a dozen landmarks shown on the map, at various points of the river]]

{|   class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible  mw-uncollapsed nowrap defaultright col1left sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Geographic basin water balance (annual)&lt;ref name=HydroData&gt;{{harvnb|Senay|2014|loc=Tables 3,4,5 and 6;  Sec 3.5.5 (Source/Sink)}}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|name=exclGERD}}{{efn|name=TableLegend|Hydrology Table Legend:{{sfn|Senay|2014}}
* ''Precip'' - Precipitation (P)
* ''Evap''- Evapotranspiration (ET)
* ''Water Bal'' - Precip-ET
* ''Discharge'' - River flow at measuring station (average of the entire year)
* ''Source or Sink '' - Is basin a significant source or sink of water?
}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin's&lt;br /&gt;downstream&lt;br /&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 1 [[Lake Victoria]] outlet{{efn|Measured at [[Nalubaale dam]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (74) || 264,259 || 353   || 279   || 57
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2 [[Murchison Falls]]{{efn|Measured at [[Paara (Uganda)]], slightly downstream from Murchison Falls.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (15) || 85,513 || 109   || 94     || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |3 [[Mongalla, South Sudan|Mongalla]]{{efn|Measured at [[Mongalla, South Sudan]], about 40 km downstream (north) of [[Juba]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) || 131,691 || 159 || 158    || 5
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 4 [[Malakal]]{{efn|Malakal is after the confluence of the White Nile and Sobat. It includes both [[Bahr el Ghazal River|Bahr el Ghazal]] and [[Sobat River]] tributaries.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−159)  || 925,160|| 798   || 957   || 150
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |5 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Measured at [[Al Mogran]] before the Blue Nile confluence (includes only the White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |{{D-N|Sink}} (−40) || 257,130 || 134   || 174   || 14
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 6 [[Roseires Dam|Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
| {{D-P|Source}} (105) ||  188,296|| 246  || 142 || 70
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |7 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Includes only Blue Nile (excludes White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
| {{D-W|Neutral}} (10) || 118,651|| 96  || 72   || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |8 [[Khashm el Girba]]{{efn|Roughly at the midpoint of the Atbarah river.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 | {{D-P|Source}} (30) ||  100,318|| 95   || 66  || 10
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 9 Mouth of [[Atbarah River]]{{efn |Measured at the Kilo3 station, where the Atbarah joins the Nile.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (−3) || 104,051 || 22  || 25 || 1
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 11 [[Aswan Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  188,011||2 || 13  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |12 [[Cairo]]/[[Nile Delta|Delta]]{{efn|Station is El Ekhsase, near Cairo. Basin data includes the Nile Delta, even though the delta is downstream of the station.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2, Sec 2.2.5}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  145,293||3  || 12  || 0
|}

[[File:The Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea (iss071e405499).jpg | thumb | The Nile (bottom) flows through Egypt's desert, which was much wetter during the [[African humid period]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Humid&quot;&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Kuper |Kröpelin|2006 |pp=803–807}}.  Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Bunbury|2023 |pp=47,57}}. Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Shoup|2017|loc=Articles: &quot;Culture of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of Egypt: Ancient&quot;, &quot;History of Sudan: Ancient Kush and Nubia&quot;, &quot;Atbara River&quot;}}. Nubian (Sudanese) culture in Sudan.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; |alt=A satellite photo of Egypt, showing mostly sandy ground, with a dark, meandering river flowing through the sand, emptying into a sea. ]]

[[File:Journey to Abydos, Tomb of Pairy MET DT10886.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|alt=A painting on a wall of a boat on a river, with Ancient Egyptians rowing it|Ancient Egyptians used boats extensively for transport. This image is from the [[TT139|Tomb of Pairy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ancientTransport&quot;&gt;
{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Van de Moortel|2007}}.
|{{harvnb|Creasman|2010}}. 
}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

===Post-colonial era===
[[File:Großer Tempel (Abu Simbel) 31.jpg|thumb|The [[Abu Simbel|Abu Simbel temples]] were relocated to higher ground when the [[Aswan High Dam]] was built and submerged their original location.{{sfn|Fleming  |Lothian |1997 |pp=135-136}} 
|alt=A huge rock sculpture of four kings sitting on thrones.]]
Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa deegi bɛ maŋsulinsi Britain yuuni 1950s sunsuuni.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-23}}{{efn|name=EgyptIndep|Egypt became nominally independent in 1922, but Britain maintained control of foreign policy and kept armed forces near the Suez Canal.  Full independence was achieved in 1957 after the [[Suez Crisis]].{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|pp=63-68}}}} Yuuni 1959 Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa labi lihi bɛ yuuni 1929 kom laɣim yuusi saawara. Bɛ ni daa labi gbaai saawara shɛli maa nyɛla din daa wuhi ni bɛ yɛn laɣimi yuusiri kom ŋɔ, ka daa yɛlli ni Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yɛn yuusiri kom maa kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 55.5 mini 18.5 billion cubic meters gabaadaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=122–123}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|pp=22–24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbani shɛŋa din be mɔɣili maa zuɣusaa nyɛla bɛ ni daa yihi shɛba lala saawara maa gbaabu ni, di shɛli nyɛ Ethiopia ka di gba nyɛ din tiri mɔɣili maa kom.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}

Yuuni 1959 saawara ŋɔ gbaabu maa nyɛla din daa ti Egypt mini Sudan soli ni bɛ gbi kulibɔna ka di nyɛ binshɛli bɛ ni daa niŋ: Egypt nyɛla ban daa gbi Aswan High Dam (di nyɛla din daa naai yuuni 1970); Sudan nyɛla ban daa gbi  [[Khashm el-Girba Dam]] (1964), [[Roseires Dam]] (1966), [[Merowe Dam]] (2009), n ti pahi [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex]] (2017).{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}{{efn|The 1959 agreement also provided for financial compensation paid from Egypt to Sudan for the displacement of [[Nubians]] as a result of the new reservoir behind the Aswan High Dam.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-24}}}}

[[File:GERD 3.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025, generates over 5 gigawatts.{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}}|alt=A photograph of large concrete dam and the reservoir it creates.  The photo is taken from an aerial viewpoint, looking down from above.  Large plumes of white water spray over a spillway.]]
[[File:Desert agriculture in Egypt (Copernicus 2024-02-03).jpg|thumb|alt=An aerial photograph of a yellow sandy desert to the west of the Nile. Over forty green circles are visible, where irrigation water has been used to grow crops.|These crops in Egypt (near the [[Toshka Lakes]]) are the result of [[New Valley Project|an irrigation system]] that pumps Nile water out of [[Lake Nasser]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|&quot;Desert Agriculture&quot;, ''Copernicus Programme''}}.
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=84–85}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
]]
{{efn|This table only includes hydropower stations with capacities over 100 MW.  Smaller stations including [[Assiut Barrage]], [[Jebel Aulia Dam]], [[Naga Hammadi dam]], [[Esna Power Plant]], and  [[Tis Abay I, II]]   are not included. Hydropower stations ''outside'' the Nile Basin are not included, such as Ethiopia's [[Gilgel Gibe I Dam|Gilgel Gibe Dams I]], [[Gilgel Gibe II Dam|II]], and [[Gilgel Gibe III Dam|III]].}}
{| class= &quot;wikitable defaultright col2center col5center sortable&quot;
|+ Major hydropower stations in the Nile Basin{{efn|Colors in the &quot;Landmark&quot; column indicate the country in which the hydropower station is located.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Hydropower&lt;br&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nearby&lt;br&gt;landmark
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year&lt;br&gt;completed
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Nameplate capacity|Power]]&lt;br&gt;(MW, in 2025)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Tributary
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Aswan Low Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan, Egypt]]}} ||1902, 1912, 1933, 1985||  550{{sfn|&quot;Aswan Low Dam&quot;, ''Egypt MOEE'' }} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Aswan High Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan]] Egypt}} || 1970 || 2,100{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=149}} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Merowe Dam]]
| {{WinDL|[[Merowe, Sudan]]  }}|| 2009 || 1,250{{sfn|&quot;Merowe Dam - Sudan&quot;, '' Abu Dhabi Fund for Development''}}  || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex|Upper Atbara and Setit]]
| {{WinDL| [[Showak|Showak, Sudan]] }}||  2017  || 320{{sfn|&quot;Upper Atbara Dam&quot;,  ''OPEC Fund for International Development''}}  || [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]] and [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Roseires Dam]]
| {{WinDL| [[Er Roseires|Er Roseires, Sudan]]}} || 1966, 2013  || 280{{sfn|&quot;Roseires Dam&quot;, ''IHA''}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Beles Hydroelectric Power Plant|Tana Beles]]
| {{partial|[[Lake Tana|Lake Tana, Ethiopia]]}} || 2010 || 460{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || [[Beles River]], Blue Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Tekezé Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Tekezé River|Tekezé River, Ethiopia]]}} || 2009 || 300{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}}    || [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]], [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Bameza|Bameza, Ethiopia]] }}|| 2020 || 5,150{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Fincha Hydroelectric Power Station|Fincha]]
| {{partial| [[Fincha'a|Fincha'a, Ethiopia]]}} || 1973|| 134{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || Blue Nile (Chomen Lake) 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station|Karuma]]
| {{nom|  [[Karuma Falls|Karuma Falls, Uganda ]]}} || 2024 || 600{{sfn|&quot;Karuma&quot;, ''Uganda Radio Network''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Isimba Hydroelectric Power Station|Isimba]]
| {{nom| [[Kamuli District|Kamuli District, Uganda]]}}|| 2019 || 183{{sfn|&quot;Isimba Power Station&quot;, ''UEGCL''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Bujagali Hydroelectric Power Station|Bujagali]]
| {{nom| [[Bujagali Falls|Bujagali Falls, Uganda]]}}|| 2012|| 250{{sfn|Griffin|2018}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Kiira Hydroelectric Power Station|Kiira]]
| {{nom| [[Kimaka|Kimaka, Uganda]]}}|| 2003 || 200{{sfn|Angurini|2021}} || Victoria Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Nalubaale Hydroelectric Power Station|Nalubaale]]
| {{nom| [[Jinja, Uganda]]}} || 1954|| 180{{Sfn|Tumwesigye|2011|p=10}}  ||   Victoria Nile
|}
 &lt;!-- 
{{
efn|
The river has several major cities on or near its banks including Cairo, [[Khartoum]], [[Juba]], and [[Kampala]]. These cities have hotels and facilities for tourists, such as the [[Speke Resort and Conference Center]], opened in Kampala in 2007.{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|p=217}} 
}} --&gt;

== In culture==

===Art and literature===
{{Multiple image
| width             = 
| total_width       = 425
| perrow            = 2

| image1            = Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes, Tomb of Menna MET DT10878.jpg
| alt1              = A painting of two boats on a river, with ancient Egyptian men and women standing on the boats, catching fish from the river.  
| caption1          = This ancient Egyptian artwork, &quot;Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes&quot;, is within the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]].{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}

| image2            =Maler der Grabkammer des Menna 003.jpg
| alt2            = A painting of some dead fish, from the Tomb of Menna
| caption2          = A [[Nile crocodile]] eating fish.{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}{{efn|Detail of larger artwork in the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]]{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}} }}
 
| image3            = 0 Mosaïque à scène mytholgique - villa Severi - Pal. Massimo 3.JPG
| alt3              = A large mosaic artwork.  It is a landscape of a river, with animals and people in the river, including crocodiles and hippos.
| caption3          = [[Nilotic landscape]]s, such as this 2nd century Roman  mosaic, often displayed crocodiles and hippos.&lt;ref name=Nilotic_Egyptian/&gt;

| image4            = New Wing, Vatican Museums (25497052238) (cropped).jpg
| alt4              = A large marble sculpture, inside a formal room. The main object is a reclining nude man, surrounded by many children, as well as some animals.
| caption4          = ''[[Personification of the River Nile]]'' is a colossal marble sculpture from {{circa}} 2nd century CE Rome{{snd}}now in the [[Vatican Museum]].&lt;ref name=colossal/&gt;

}}
T{{clear }}

==References==
===Footnotes===
{{notelist}}</text>
      <sha1>fezzcwxubc76gsrid2bzxo2t4cesqol</sha1>
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      <id>140104</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
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      <text bytes="22454" sha1="5h8jnv5notugtvkv5a0qqpsdbwncqxv" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Major river in northeast Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

'''Nile''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zɔri gindi [[Africa]] wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Mediterranean teeku ni. Di waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 7,088, di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari dunia zaa mɔɣa,{{efn|name=longest}} amaa ti yi kana ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili maa puuni di nyɛla din pɔra ni Amazon mini [[Congo River|Congo]]. Nile nyɛla din mali taarihi zaŋ jandi gbaŋsabila biɛhisi shee, daabilim  n-ti pahi kaya ni taada taarihi

Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi ayi: dinima nyɛ White Nile mini Blue Nile. White Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din waɣa ka nyɛ so'kam ni saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ din tiri Nile kom amaa  Blue Nile nyɛla din mali kom viɛnyɛla kamani buyi zuɣu gari White Nile. White Nile nyɛla din piligi miri [[Lake Victoria]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gindi Uganda mini South Sudan ka   Blue Nile mi nyɛ din piligi miri Lake Tana din be Ethiopia ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chaŋ hali ni Sudan. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Sudannima tiŋ zuɣu Khartoum. Bin din gbaai ni Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo n chaŋ nti gari Nubian Desert n saa gari chaŋ Egypt tiŋ zuɣu [[Cairo]] ka di yi zo n lu Mediterranean teeku din miri [[Alexandria]].

Nile mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din paai yuma kamani 15,000. Di nyɛla din zɔri gindi kamani tiŋgbana pin'yini. Nile kom nyɛla din yirina saa mibu ni, sa'kom din yirina [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]. Tiŋgbana kamani {{snd}}[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]] n-ti pahi South Sudan nyɛla tiŋgbani shɛŋa din bi tooi nyari saa ka dizuɣu chɛ ka bɛ tooi mali mɔɣa niŋdi pukparilim. tiŋgbani shɛŋa din gba lahi be bee yaɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be Nile Basin nyɛ [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Eritrea]] nti pahi [[Rwanda]].

== Yuya mini gbunni ==

Silimiinsili bachi &quot;Nile&quot; nyɛla din yina [[Latin]] {{lang|la|Nilus}} mini  [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|Νεῖλος}} (Neilos) ka di nyɛ din yina Semitic bachi ''naḥal'', ka di gbunni nyɛ mɔɣili.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}
{{Quote box|align=right|width=30|[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] for {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}},&lt;br&gt;the word for 'river' or 'Nile':{{sfn|Gardiner|1964|pp=43,623}}{{efn|Other hieroglyphs for 'river' are presented in {{harvnb|Faulkner|1964|p=33}} and {{harvnb|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}.
}}  &lt;hiero&gt;M17-X1:D21-G43-N35:N35:N35&lt;/hiero&gt;
}}
Saha shɛli maa ha Egyptnima balli ni, lala bachi Ŋɔ nyɛla yuusiri shɛli zaŋ n-ti 'Nile' mini mɔɣili': {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}}.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}} Egyptnima nyɛla ban booni bɛ tiŋgbani {{lang|egy-latn|kmt}} ka di gbunni nyɛ  'sabinli',  di nyɛla din jandi sabinli zaŋ n-ti i Nile kom nahingbaŋ.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=339, 470}} Silimiinsili yuli  &quot;Blue Nile&quot; nyɛla lɛbiginsim din yina Larigu yuli ''Al-Baḥr Al-Azraq''.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}&lt;!--
{{efn|The waters of the Blue Nile are very dark during the winter flood season, as they carry vast amounts of sediment downstream.{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|pp=503-504}} 
}} --&gt;

Saha ŋɔ mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali bɔbugu Nile Basin. Egypt tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli ''Al-Nīl'', ''Baḥr Al-Nīl'' bee ''Nahr Al-Nīl''.&lt;ref name=Barh&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Badawi|2003 |p=717}}.
|{{harvnb|Hurst|2025}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--
{{efn|''Bahr'' is 'sea'; ''Nahr'' is 'river'.&lt;ref name=Barh/&gt;
}} --&gt; South Sudan tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli Arabic ''Baḥr el-Jebel'', {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}} ka di gbunni nyɛ 'Mountain River'.{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=6}}  Uganda tiŋgbani, ninvuɣ shɛba ban yɛri Luganda nyɛla ban booni li ''Kiyira''.{{sfn|Hamilton |2016|p=66}} Nubian niriba zaŋ n-ti Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yuusiri [[Nobiin language|Nobiin]] yuli ''Áman Dawū'' ('Great Water').{{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=8}}

Di nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi (mɔɣ'bihi shɛŋa dabam gba nyɛla din chaŋ na nti chirigi Nile) di shɛŋa nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ: 
* Albert Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Lake Albert chani Nimule&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Dumont|2009|pp=5,6,40}}.
|{{harvnb| Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Black Nile{{snd}}Yuli shɛli dabam zaŋ n-ti Atbarah mɔɣili &lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Haupt|1926|p=305}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Blue Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Kyoga Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka din zɔri yiri [[Lake Kyoga]] chani Lake Albert{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}
* Main Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Blue Nile mini White Nile{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=4}} 
* [[Mountain Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Uganda chani South Sudan{{sfn|Talling|2009|p=390}}&lt;!-- 
{{efn|The Mountain Nile is also called ''Baḥr al-Jabal'' or ''Baḥr el-Jebel'' in Arabic.
}} --&gt;
* Victoria Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri  [[Lake Victoria]] chani Lake Kyoga{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=5}}
* [[White Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Yellow Nile{{snd}} [[Wadi Howar]], mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Nile saha shɛli ha amaa ka nyɛ din daa kuui yuma din gari maa{{sfn| Dumont|2009|p=4}}
[[File:Nile River Sources.svg|thumb|alt= A map of northeast Africa. The Nile is visible as a meandering blue line, running vertically. The river starts at the bottom in green forested area, and goes upward then ends in a blue sea at the top.| The Nile has six [[Nile cataracts|cataracts]]{{efn| Some of the cataracts have been submerged by human-made reservoirs.}} and several sources.  ]]

{{clear}}[[File:Nile River Landmarks.svg|thumb|The waters of the Nile originate as rainfall in the mountains in the south and east regions of the Nile Basin.|alt=A map of northeast Africa, showing the location of several cities and tourist sights on the river]]

&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

====Sources and sinks: geographic basins====
[[Fil&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

e:Nile River discharge flow gauge locations.svg|thumb|The water balance tables of this article contain water flow information measured at the twelve stations shown in this map.&lt;ref name=HydroData/&gt;{{efn|name=StnNames}}|alt=A map of northeast Africa. The Nile River is drawn, and there are a dozen landmarks shown on the map, at various points of the river]]

{|   class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible  mw-uncollapsed nowrap defaultright col1left sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Geographic basin water balance (annual)&lt;ref name=HydroData&gt;{{harvnb|Senay|2014|loc=Tables 3,4,5 and 6;  Sec 3.5.5 (Source/Sink)}}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|name=exclGERD}}{{efn|name=TableLegend|Hydrology Table Legend:{{sfn|Senay|2014}}
* ''Precip'' - Precipitation (P)
* ''Evap''- Evapotranspiration (ET)
* ''Water Bal'' - Precip-ET
* ''Discharge'' - River flow at measuring station (average of the entire year)
* ''Source or Sink '' - Is basin a significant source or sink of water?
}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin's&lt;br /&gt;downstream&lt;br /&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 1 [[Lake Victoria]] outlet{{efn|Measured at [[Nalubaale dam]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (74) || 264,259 || 353   || 279   || 57
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2 [[Murchison Falls]]{{efn|Measured at [[Paara (Uganda)]], slightly downstream from Murchison Falls.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (15) || 85,513 || 109   || 94     || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |3 [[Mongalla, South Sudan|Mongalla]]{{efn|Measured at [[Mongalla, South Sudan]], about 40 km downstream (north) of [[Juba]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) || 131,691 || 159 || 158    || 5
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 4 [[Malakal]]{{efn|Malakal is after the confluence of the White Nile and Sobat. It includes both [[Bahr el Ghazal River|Bahr el Ghazal]] and [[Sobat River]] tributaries.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−159)  || 925,160|| 798   || 957   || 150
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |5 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Measured at [[Al Mogran]] before the Blue Nile confluence (includes only the White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |{{D-N|Sink}} (−40) || 257,130 || 134   || 174   || 14
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 6 [[Roseires Dam|Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
| {{D-P|Source}} (105) ||  188,296|| 246  || 142 || 70
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |7 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Includes only Blue Nile (excludes White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
| {{D-W|Neutral}} (10) || 118,651|| 96  || 72   || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |8 [[Khashm el Girba]]{{efn|Roughly at the midpoint of the Atbarah river.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 | {{D-P|Source}} (30) ||  100,318|| 95   || 66  || 10
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 9 Mouth of [[Atbarah River]]{{efn |Measured at the Kilo3 station, where the Atbarah joins the Nile.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (−3) || 104,051 || 22  || 25 || 1
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 11 [[Aswan Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  188,011||2 || 13  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |12 [[Cairo]]/[[Nile Delta|Delta]]{{efn|Station is El Ekhsase, near Cairo. Basin data includes the Nile Delta, even though the delta is downstream of the station.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2, Sec 2.2.5}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  145,293||3  || 12  || 0
|}

[[File:The Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea (iss071e405499).jpg | thumb | The Nile (bottom) flows through Egypt's desert, which was much wetter during the [[African humid period]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Humid&quot;&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Kuper |Kröpelin|2006 |pp=803–807}}.  Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Bunbury|2023 |pp=47,57}}. Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Shoup|2017|loc=Articles: &quot;Culture of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of Egypt: Ancient&quot;, &quot;History of Sudan: Ancient Kush and Nubia&quot;, &quot;Atbara River&quot;}}. Nubian (Sudanese) culture in Sudan.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; |alt=A satellite photo of Egypt, showing mostly sandy ground, with a dark, meandering river flowing through the sand, emptying into a sea. ]]

[[File:Journey to Abydos, Tomb of Pairy MET DT10886.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|alt=A painting on a wall of a boat on a river, with Ancient Egyptians rowing it|Ancient Egyptians used boats extensively for transport. This image is from the [[TT139|Tomb of Pairy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ancientTransport&quot;&gt;
{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Van de Moortel|2007}}.
|{{harvnb|Creasman|2010}}. 
}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

===Post-colonial era===
[[File:Großer Tempel (Abu Simbel) 31.jpg|thumb|The [[Abu Simbel|Abu Simbel temples]] were relocated to higher ground when the [[Aswan High Dam]] was built and submerged their original location.{{sfn|Fleming  |Lothian |1997 |pp=135-136}} 
|alt=A huge rock sculpture of four kings sitting on thrones.]]
Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa deegi bɛ maŋsulinsi Britain yuuni 1950s sunsuuni.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-23}}{{efn|name=EgyptIndep|Egypt became nominally independent in 1922, but Britain maintained control of foreign policy and kept armed forces near the Suez Canal.  Full independence was achieved in 1957 after the [[Suez Crisis]].{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|pp=63-68}}}} Yuuni 1959 Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa labi lihi bɛ yuuni 1929 kom laɣim yuusi saawara. Bɛ ni daa labi gbaai saawara shɛli maa nyɛla din daa wuhi ni bɛ yɛn laɣimi yuusiri kom ŋɔ, ka daa yɛlli ni Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yɛn yuusiri kom maa kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 55.5 mini 18.5 billion cubic meters gabaadaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=122–123}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|pp=22–24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbani shɛŋa din be mɔɣili maa zuɣusaa nyɛla bɛ ni daa yihi shɛba lala saawara maa gbaabu ni, di shɛli nyɛ Ethiopia ka di gba nyɛ din tiri mɔɣili maa kom.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}

Yuuni 1959 saawara ŋɔ gbaabu maa nyɛla din daa ti Egypt mini Sudan soli ni bɛ gbi kulibɔna ka di nyɛ binshɛli bɛ ni daa niŋ: Egypt nyɛla ban daa gbi Aswan High Dam (di nyɛla din daa naai yuuni 1970); Sudan nyɛla ban daa gbi  [[Khashm el-Girba Dam]] (1964), [[Roseires Dam]] (1966), [[Merowe Dam]] (2009), n ti pahi [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex]] (2017).{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}{{efn|The 1959 agreement also provided for financial compensation paid from Egypt to Sudan for the displacement of [[Nubians]] as a result of the new reservoir behind the Aswan High Dam.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-24}}}}

[[File:GERD 3.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025, generates over 5 gigawatts.{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}}|alt=A photograph of large concrete dam and the reservoir it creates.  The photo is taken from an aerial viewpoint, looking down from above.  Large plumes of white water spray over a spillway.]]
[[File:Desert agriculture in Egypt (Copernicus 2024-02-03).jpg|thumb|alt=An aerial photograph of a yellow sandy desert to the west of the Nile. Over forty green circles are visible, where irrigation water has been used to grow crops.|These crops in Egypt (near the [[Toshka Lakes]]) are the result of [[New Valley Project|an irrigation system]] that pumps Nile water out of [[Lake Nasser]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|&quot;Desert Agriculture&quot;, ''Copernicus Programme''}}.
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=84–85}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
]]
{{efn|This table only includes hydropower stations with capacities over 100 MW.  Smaller stations including [[Assiut Barrage]], [[Jebel Aulia Dam]], [[Naga Hammadi dam]], [[Esna Power Plant]], and  [[Tis Abay I, II]]   are not included. Hydropower stations ''outside'' the Nile Basin are not included, such as Ethiopia's [[Gilgel Gibe I Dam|Gilgel Gibe Dams I]], [[Gilgel Gibe II Dam|II]], and [[Gilgel Gibe III Dam|III]].}}
{| class= &quot;wikitable defaultright col2center col5center sortable&quot;
|+ Major hydropower stations in the Nile Basin{{efn|Colors in the &quot;Landmark&quot; column indicate the country in which the hydropower station is located.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Hydropower&lt;br&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nearby&lt;br&gt;landmark
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year&lt;br&gt;completed
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Nameplate capacity|Power]]&lt;br&gt;(MW, in 2025)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Tributary
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Aswan Low Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan, Egypt]]}} ||1902, 1912, 1933, 1985||  550{{sfn|&quot;Aswan Low Dam&quot;, ''Egypt MOEE'' }} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Aswan High Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan]] Egypt}} || 1970 || 2,100{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=149}} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Merowe Dam]]
| {{WinDL|[[Merowe, Sudan]]  }}|| 2009 || 1,250{{sfn|&quot;Merowe Dam - Sudan&quot;, '' Abu Dhabi Fund for Development''}}  || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex|Upper Atbara and Setit]]
| {{WinDL| [[Showak|Showak, Sudan]] }}||  2017  || 320{{sfn|&quot;Upper Atbara Dam&quot;,  ''OPEC Fund for International Development''}}  || [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]] and [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Roseires Dam]]
| {{WinDL| [[Er Roseires|Er Roseires, Sudan]]}} || 1966, 2013  || 280{{sfn|&quot;Roseires Dam&quot;, ''IHA''}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Beles Hydroelectric Power Plant|Tana Beles]]
| {{partial|[[Lake Tana|Lake Tana, Ethiopia]]}} || 2010 || 460{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || [[Beles River]], Blue Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Tekezé Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Tekezé River|Tekezé River, Ethiopia]]}} || 2009 || 300{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}}    || [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]], [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Bameza|Bameza, Ethiopia]] }}|| 2020 || 5,150{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Fincha Hydroelectric Power Station|Fincha]]
| {{partial| [[Fincha'a|Fincha'a, Ethiopia]]}} || 1973|| 134{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || Blue Nile (Chomen Lake) 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station|Karuma]]
| {{nom|  [[Karuma Falls|Karuma Falls, Uganda ]]}} || 2024 || 600{{sfn|&quot;Karuma&quot;, ''Uganda Radio Network''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Isimba Hydroelectric Power Station|Isimba]]
| {{nom| [[Kamuli District|Kamuli District, Uganda]]}}|| 2019 || 183{{sfn|&quot;Isimba Power Station&quot;, ''UEGCL''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Bujagali Hydroelectric Power Station|Bujagali]]
| {{nom| [[Bujagali Falls|Bujagali Falls, Uganda]]}}|| 2012|| 250{{sfn|Griffin|2018}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Kiira Hydroelectric Power Station|Kiira]]
| {{nom| [[Kimaka|Kimaka, Uganda]]}}|| 2003 || 200{{sfn|Angurini|2021}} || Victoria Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Nalubaale Hydroelectric Power Station|Nalubaale]]
| {{nom| [[Jinja, Uganda]]}} || 1954|| 180{{Sfn|Tumwesigye|2011|p=10}}  ||   Victoria Nile
|}
 &lt;!-- 
{{
efn|
The river has several major cities on or near its banks including Cairo, [[Khartoum]], [[Juba]], and [[Kampala]]. These cities have hotels and facilities for tourists, such as the [[Speke Resort and Conference Center]], opened in Kampala in 2007.{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|p=217}} 
}} --&gt;

== In culture==

===Art and literature===
{{Multiple image
| width             = 
| total_width       = 425
| perrow            = 2

| image1            = Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes, Tomb of Menna MET DT10878.jpg
| alt1              = A painting of two boats on a river, with ancient Egyptian men and women standing on the boats, catching fish from the river.  
| caption1          = This ancient Egyptian artwork, &quot;Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes&quot;, is within the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]].{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}

| image2            =Maler der Grabkammer des Menna 003.jpg
| alt2            = A painting of some dead fish, from the Tomb of Menna
| caption2          = A [[Nile crocodile]] eating fish.{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}{{efn|Detail of larger artwork in the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]]{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}} }}
 
| image3            = 0 Mosaïque à scène mytholgique - villa Severi - Pal. Massimo 3.JPG
| alt3              = A large mosaic artwork.  It is a landscape of a river, with animals and people in the river, including crocodiles and hippos.
| caption3          = [[Nilotic landscape]]s, such as this 2nd century Roman  mosaic, often displayed crocodiles and hippos.&lt;ref name=Nilotic_Egyptian/&gt;

| image4            = New Wing, Vatican Museums (25497052238) (cropped).jpg
| alt4              = A large marble sculpture, inside a formal room. The main object is a reclining nude man, surrounded by many children, as well as some animals.
| caption4          = ''[[Personification of the River Nile]]'' is a colossal marble sculpture from {{circa}} 2nd century CE Rome{{snd}}now in the [[Vatican Museum]].&lt;ref name=colossal/&gt;

}}
T{{clear }}

==Kundivihira ==
===Footnotes===
{{notelist}}</text>
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      <id>140105</id>
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        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
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      <comment>Updated Content</comment>
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      <text bytes="23672" sha1="n1ovlqtqdj6wcbjaj3xumkho7xw6skv" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Major river in northeast Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

'''Nile''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zɔri gindi [[Africa]] wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Mediterranean teeku ni. Di waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 7,088, di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari dunia zaa mɔɣa,{{efn|name=longest}} amaa ti yi kana ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili maa puuni di nyɛla din pɔra ni Amazon mini [[Congo River|Congo]]. Nile nyɛla din mali taarihi zaŋ jandi gbaŋsabila biɛhisi shee, daabilim  n-ti pahi kaya ni taada taarihi

Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi ayi: dinima nyɛ White Nile mini Blue Nile. White Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din waɣa ka nyɛ so'kam ni saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ din tiri Nile kom amaa  Blue Nile nyɛla din mali kom viɛnyɛla kamani buyi zuɣu gari White Nile. White Nile nyɛla din piligi miri [[Lake Victoria]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gindi Uganda mini South Sudan ka   Blue Nile mi nyɛ din piligi miri Lake Tana din be Ethiopia ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chaŋ hali ni Sudan. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Sudannima tiŋ zuɣu Khartoum. Bin din gbaai ni Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo n chaŋ nti gari Nubian Desert n saa gari chaŋ Egypt tiŋ zuɣu [[Cairo]] ka di yi zo n lu Mediterranean teeku din miri [[Alexandria]].

Nile mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din paai yuma kamani 15,000. Di nyɛla din zɔri gindi kamani tiŋgbana pin'yini. Nile kom nyɛla din yirina saa mibu ni, sa'kom din yirina [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]. Tiŋgbana kamani {{snd}}[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]] n-ti pahi South Sudan nyɛla tiŋgbani shɛŋa din bi tooi nyari saa ka dizuɣu chɛ ka bɛ tooi mali mɔɣa niŋdi pukparilim. tiŋgbani shɛŋa din gba lahi be bee yaɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be Nile Basin nyɛ [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Eritrea]] nti pahi [[Rwanda]].

== Yuya mini gbunni ==

Silimiinsili bachi &quot;Nile&quot; nyɛla din yina [[Latin]] {{lang|la|Nilus}} mini  [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|Νεῖλος}} (Neilos) ka di nyɛ din yina Semitic bachi ''naḥal'', ka di gbunni nyɛ mɔɣili.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}
{{Quote box|align=right|width=30|[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] for {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}},&lt;br&gt;the word for 'river' or 'Nile':{{sfn|Gardiner|1964|pp=43,623}}{{efn|Other hieroglyphs for 'river' are presented in {{harvnb|Faulkner|1964|p=33}} and {{harvnb|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}.
}}  &lt;hiero&gt;M17-X1:D21-G43-N35:N35:N35&lt;/hiero&gt;
}}
Saha shɛli maa ha Egyptnima balli ni, lala bachi Ŋɔ nyɛla yuusiri shɛli zaŋ n-ti 'Nile' mini mɔɣili': {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}}.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}} Egyptnima nyɛla ban booni bɛ tiŋgbani {{lang|egy-latn|kmt}} ka di gbunni nyɛ  'sabinli',  di nyɛla din jandi sabinli zaŋ n-ti i Nile kom nahingbaŋ.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=339, 470}} Silimiinsili yuli  &quot;Blue Nile&quot; nyɛla lɛbiginsim din yina Larigu yuli ''Al-Baḥr Al-Azraq''.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}&lt;!--
{{efn|The waters of the Blue Nile are very dark during the winter flood season, as they carry vast amounts of sediment downstream.{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|pp=503-504}} 
}} --&gt;

Saha ŋɔ mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali bɔbugu Nile Basin. Egypt tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli ''Al-Nīl'', ''Baḥr Al-Nīl'' bee ''Nahr Al-Nīl''.&lt;ref name=Barh&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Badawi|2003 |p=717}}.
|{{harvnb|Hurst|2025}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--
{{efn|''Bahr'' is 'sea'; ''Nahr'' is 'river'.&lt;ref name=Barh/&gt;
}} --&gt; South Sudan tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli Arabic ''Baḥr el-Jebel'', {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}} ka di gbunni nyɛ 'Mountain River'.{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=6}}  Uganda tiŋgbani, ninvuɣ shɛba ban yɛri Luganda nyɛla ban booni li ''Kiyira''.{{sfn|Hamilton |2016|p=66}} Nubian niriba zaŋ n-ti Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yuusiri [[Nobiin language|Nobiin]] yuli ''Áman Dawū'' ('Great Water').{{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=8}}

Di nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi (mɔɣ'bihi shɛŋa dabam gba nyɛla din chaŋ na nti chirigi Nile) di shɛŋa nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ: 
* Albert Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Lake Albert chani Nimule&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Dumont|2009|pp=5,6,40}}.
|{{harvnb| Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Black Nile{{snd}}Yuli shɛli dabam zaŋ n-ti Atbarah mɔɣili &lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Haupt|1926|p=305}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Blue Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Kyoga Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka din zɔri yiri [[Lake Kyoga]] chani Lake Albert{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}
* Main Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Blue Nile mini White Nile{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=4}} 
* [[Mountain Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Uganda chani South Sudan{{sfn|Talling|2009|p=390}}&lt;!-- 
{{efn|The Mountain Nile is also called ''Baḥr al-Jabal'' or ''Baḥr el-Jebel'' in Arabic.
}} --&gt;
* Victoria Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri  [[Lake Victoria]] chani Lake Kyoga{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=5}}
* [[White Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Yellow Nile{{snd}} [[Wadi Howar]], mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Nile saha shɛli ha amaa ka nyɛ din daa kuui yuma din gari maa{{sfn| Dumont|2009|p=4}}
[[File:Nile River Sources.svg|thumb|alt= A map of northeast Africa. The Nile is visible as a meandering blue line, running vertically. The river starts at the bottom in green forested area, and goes upward then ends in a blue sea at the top.| The Nile has six [[Nile cataracts|cataracts]]{{efn| Some of the cataracts have been submerged by human-made reservoirs.}} and several sources.  ]]

{{clear}}[[File:Nile River Landmarks.svg|thumb|The waters of the Nile originate as rainfall in the mountains in the south and east regions of the Nile Basin.|alt=A map of northeast Africa, showing the location of several cities and tourist sights on the river]]

&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

====Sources and sinks: geographic basins====
[[Fil&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

e:Nile River discharge flow gauge locations.svg|thumb|The water balance tables of this article contain water flow information measured at the twelve stations shown in this map.&lt;ref name=HydroData/&gt;{{efn|name=StnNames}}|alt=A map of northeast Africa. The Nile River is drawn, and there are a dozen landmarks shown on the map, at various points of the river]]

{|   class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible  mw-uncollapsed nowrap defaultright col1left sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Geographic basin water balance (annual)&lt;ref name=HydroData&gt;{{harvnb|Senay|2014|loc=Tables 3,4,5 and 6;  Sec 3.5.5 (Source/Sink)}}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|name=exclGERD}}{{efn|name=TableLegend|Hydrology Table Legend:{{sfn|Senay|2014}}
* ''Precip'' - Precipitation (P)
* ''Evap''- Evapotranspiration (ET)
* ''Water Bal'' - Precip-ET
* ''Discharge'' - River flow at measuring station (average of the entire year)
* ''Source or Sink '' - Is basin a significant source or sink of water?
}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin's&lt;br /&gt;downstream&lt;br /&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 1 [[Lake Victoria]] outlet{{efn|Measured at [[Nalubaale dam]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (74) || 264,259 || 353   || 279   || 57
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2 [[Murchison Falls]]{{efn|Measured at [[Paara (Uganda)]], slightly downstream from Murchison Falls.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (15) || 85,513 || 109   || 94     || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |3 [[Mongalla, South Sudan|Mongalla]]{{efn|Measured at [[Mongalla, South Sudan]], about 40 km downstream (north) of [[Juba]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) || 131,691 || 159 || 158    || 5
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 4 [[Malakal]]{{efn|Malakal is after the confluence of the White Nile and Sobat. It includes both [[Bahr el Ghazal River|Bahr el Ghazal]] and [[Sobat River]] tributaries.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−159)  || 925,160|| 798   || 957   || 150
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |5 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Measured at [[Al Mogran]] before the Blue Nile confluence (includes only the White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |{{D-N|Sink}} (−40) || 257,130 || 134   || 174   || 14
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 6 [[Roseires Dam|Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
| {{D-P|Source}} (105) ||  188,296|| 246  || 142 || 70
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |7 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Includes only Blue Nile (excludes White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
| {{D-W|Neutral}} (10) || 118,651|| 96  || 72   || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |8 [[Khashm el Girba]]{{efn|Roughly at the midpoint of the Atbarah river.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 | {{D-P|Source}} (30) ||  100,318|| 95   || 66  || 10
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 9 Mouth of [[Atbarah River]]{{efn |Measured at the Kilo3 station, where the Atbarah joins the Nile.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (−3) || 104,051 || 22  || 25 || 1
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 11 [[Aswan Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  188,011||2 || 13  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |12 [[Cairo]]/[[Nile Delta|Delta]]{{efn|Station is El Ekhsase, near Cairo. Basin data includes the Nile Delta, even though the delta is downstream of the station.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2, Sec 2.2.5}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  145,293||3  || 12  || 0
|}

[[File:The Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea (iss071e405499).jpg | thumb | The Nile (bottom) flows through Egypt's desert, which was much wetter during the [[African humid period]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Humid&quot;&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Kuper |Kröpelin|2006 |pp=803–807}}.  Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Bunbury|2023 |pp=47,57}}. Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Shoup|2017|loc=Articles: &quot;Culture of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of Egypt: Ancient&quot;, &quot;History of Sudan: Ancient Kush and Nubia&quot;, &quot;Atbara River&quot;}}. Nubian (Sudanese) culture in Sudan.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; |alt=A satellite photo of Egypt, showing mostly sandy ground, with a dark, meandering river flowing through the sand, emptying into a sea. ]]

[[File:Journey to Abydos, Tomb of Pairy MET DT10886.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|alt=A painting on a wall of a boat on a river, with Ancient Egyptians rowing it|Ancient Egyptians used boats extensively for transport. This image is from the [[TT139|Tomb of Pairy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ancientTransport&quot;&gt;
{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Van de Moortel|2007}}.
|{{harvnb|Creasman|2010}}. 
}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

===Post-colonial era===
[[File:Großer Tempel (Abu Simbel) 31.jpg|thumb|The [[Abu Simbel|Abu Simbel temples]] were relocated to higher ground when the [[Aswan High Dam]] was built and submerged their original location.{{sfn|Fleming  |Lothian |1997 |pp=135-136}} 
|alt=A huge rock sculpture of four kings sitting on thrones.]]
Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa deegi bɛ maŋsulinsi Britain yuuni 1950s sunsuuni.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-23}}{{efn|name=EgyptIndep|Egypt became nominally independent in 1922, but Britain maintained control of foreign policy and kept armed forces near the Suez Canal.  Full independence was achieved in 1957 after the [[Suez Crisis]].{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|pp=63-68}}}} Yuuni 1959 Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa labi lihi bɛ yuuni 1929 kom laɣim yuusi saawara. Bɛ ni daa labi gbaai saawara shɛli maa nyɛla din daa wuhi ni bɛ yɛn laɣimi yuusiri kom ŋɔ, ka daa yɛlli ni Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yɛn yuusiri kom maa kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 55.5 mini 18.5 billion cubic meters gabaadaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=122–123}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|pp=22–24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbani shɛŋa din be mɔɣili maa zuɣusaa nyɛla bɛ ni daa yihi shɛba lala saawara maa gbaabu ni, di shɛli nyɛ Ethiopia ka di gba nyɛ din tiri mɔɣili maa kom.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}

Yuuni 1959 saawara ŋɔ gbaabu maa nyɛla din daa ti Egypt mini Sudan soli ni bɛ gbi kulibɔna ka di nyɛ binshɛli bɛ ni daa niŋ: Egypt nyɛla ban daa gbi Aswan High Dam (di nyɛla din daa naai yuuni 1970); Sudan nyɛla ban daa gbi  [[Khashm el-Girba Dam]] (1964), [[Roseires Dam]] (1966), [[Merowe Dam]] (2009), n ti pahi [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex]] (2017).{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}{{efn|The 1959 agreement also provided for financial compensation paid from Egypt to Sudan for the displacement of [[Nubians]] as a result of the new reservoir behind the Aswan High Dam.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-24}}}}

[[File:GERD 3.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025, generates over 5 gigawatts.{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}}|alt=A photograph of large concrete dam and the reservoir it creates.  The photo is taken from an aerial viewpoint, looking down from above.  Large plumes of white water spray over a spillway.]]
[[File:Desert agriculture in Egypt (Copernicus 2024-02-03).jpg|thumb|alt=An aerial photograph of a yellow sandy desert to the west of the Nile. Over forty green circles are visible, where irrigation water has been used to grow crops.|These crops in Egypt (near the [[Toshka Lakes]]) are the result of [[New Valley Project|an irrigation system]] that pumps Nile water out of [[Lake Nasser]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|&quot;Desert Agriculture&quot;, ''Copernicus Programme''}}.
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=84–85}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
]]
{{efn|This table only includes hydropower stations with capacities over 100 MW.  Smaller stations including [[Assiut Barrage]], [[Jebel Aulia Dam]], [[Naga Hammadi dam]], [[Esna Power Plant]], and  [[Tis Abay I, II]]   are not included. Hydropower stations ''outside'' the Nile Basin are not included, such as Ethiopia's [[Gilgel Gibe I Dam|Gilgel Gibe Dams I]], [[Gilgel Gibe II Dam|II]], and [[Gilgel Gibe III Dam|III]].}}
{| class= &quot;wikitable defaultright col2center col5center sortable&quot;
|+ Major hydropower stations in the Nile Basin{{efn|Colors in the &quot;Landmark&quot; column indicate the country in which the hydropower station is located.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Hydropower&lt;br&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nearby&lt;br&gt;landmark
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year&lt;br&gt;completed
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Nameplate capacity|Power]]&lt;br&gt;(MW, in 2025)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Tributary
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Aswan Low Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan, Egypt]]}} ||1902, 1912, 1933, 1985||  550{{sfn|&quot;Aswan Low Dam&quot;, ''Egypt MOEE'' }} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Aswan High Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan]] Egypt}} || 1970 || 2,100{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=149}} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Merowe Dam]]
| {{WinDL|[[Merowe, Sudan]]  }}|| 2009 || 1,250{{sfn|&quot;Merowe Dam - Sudan&quot;, '' Abu Dhabi Fund for Development''}}  || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex|Upper Atbara and Setit]]
| {{WinDL| [[Showak|Showak, Sudan]] }}||  2017  || 320{{sfn|&quot;Upper Atbara Dam&quot;,  ''OPEC Fund for International Development''}}  || [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]] and [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Roseires Dam]]
| {{WinDL| [[Er Roseires|Er Roseires, Sudan]]}} || 1966, 2013  || 280{{sfn|&quot;Roseires Dam&quot;, ''IHA''}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Beles Hydroelectric Power Plant|Tana Beles]]
| {{partial|[[Lake Tana|Lake Tana, Ethiopia]]}} || 2010 || 460{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || [[Beles River]], Blue Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Tekezé Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Tekezé River|Tekezé River, Ethiopia]]}} || 2009 || 300{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}}    || [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]], [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Bameza|Bameza, Ethiopia]] }}|| 2020 || 5,150{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Fincha Hydroelectric Power Station|Fincha]]
| {{partial| [[Fincha'a|Fincha'a, Ethiopia]]}} || 1973|| 134{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || Blue Nile (Chomen Lake) 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station|Karuma]]
| {{nom|  [[Karuma Falls|Karuma Falls, Uganda ]]}} || 2024 || 600{{sfn|&quot;Karuma&quot;, ''Uganda Radio Network''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Isimba Hydroelectric Power Station|Isimba]]
| {{nom| [[Kamuli District|Kamuli District, Uganda]]}}|| 2019 || 183{{sfn|&quot;Isimba Power Station&quot;, ''UEGCL''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Bujagali Hydroelectric Power Station|Bujagali]]
| {{nom| [[Bujagali Falls|Bujagali Falls, Uganda]]}}|| 2012|| 250{{sfn|Griffin|2018}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Kiira Hydroelectric Power Station|Kiira]]
| {{nom| [[Kimaka|Kimaka, Uganda]]}}|| 2003 || 200{{sfn|Angurini|2021}} || Victoria Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Nalubaale Hydroelectric Power Station|Nalubaale]]
| {{nom| [[Jinja, Uganda]]}} || 1954|| 180{{Sfn|Tumwesigye|2011|p=10}}  ||   Victoria Nile
|}
 &lt;!-- 
{{
efn|
The river has several major cities on or near its banks including Cairo, [[Khartoum]], [[Juba]], and [[Kampala]]. These cities have hotels and facilities for tourists, such as the [[Speke Resort and Conference Center]], opened in Kampala in 2007.{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|p=217}} 
}} --&gt;

== In culture==

===Art and literature===
{{Multiple image
| width             = 
| total_width       = 425
| perrow            = 2

| image1            = Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes, Tomb of Menna MET DT10878.jpg
| alt1              = A painting of two boats on a river, with ancient Egyptian men and women standing on the boats, catching fish from the river.  
| caption1          = This ancient Egyptian artwork, &quot;Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes&quot;, is within the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]].{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}

| image2            =Maler der Grabkammer des Menna 003.jpg
| alt2            = A painting of some dead fish, from the Tomb of Menna
| caption2          = A [[Nile crocodile]] eating fish.{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}{{efn|Detail of larger artwork in the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]]{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}} }}
 
| image3            = 0 Mosaïque à scène mytholgique - villa Severi - Pal. Massimo 3.JPG
| alt3              = A large mosaic artwork.  It is a landscape of a river, with animals and people in the river, including crocodiles and hippos.
| caption3          = [[Nilotic landscape]]s, such as this 2nd century Roman  mosaic, often displayed crocodiles and hippos.&lt;ref name=Nilotic_Egyptian/&gt;

| image4            = New Wing, Vatican Museums (25497052238) (cropped).jpg
| alt4              = A large marble sculpture, inside a formal room. The main object is a reclining nude man, surrounded by many children, as well as some animals.
| caption4          = ''[[Personification of the River Nile]]'' is a colossal marble sculpture from {{circa}} 2nd century CE Rome{{snd}}now in the [[Vatican Museum]].&lt;ref name=colossal/&gt;

}}
T{{clear }}

==Kundivihira ==
===Footnotes===
{{notelist}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Betancourt|2007|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=Introduction to Aegean Art
 |first1= P.P
 |last1=Betancourt
| author-link=Philip Betancourt
| isbn= 9781623030841
| year= 2007
 | url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoae0000beta
| publisher= [[Institute for Aegean Prehistory]]
| access-date= 1 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Bunbury  |2023|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=River Culture 
 |chapter = The Egyptian Nile
 | editor-last=Wantzen 
 |editor-first= Karl M.
 |first1= Judith 
 |last1= Bunbury 
 |display-authors=etal
 |pages = 43–78 
| author-link= Judith Bunbury
| isbn=  9789231005404
|doi=10.54677/HHMI3947
| year= 2023
 | url= https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 
| publisher= [[UNESCO]]
| access-date= 10 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Camberlin|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =307–333
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/307
| chapter = Nile Basin Climates
| first= Pierre
| last = Camberlin
| display-authors=etal
}}</text>
      <sha1>n1ovlqtqdj6wcbjaj3xumkho7xw6skv</sha1>
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      <text bytes="25061" sha1="qyt7k17j5l5nqtn3bb4yvrdjbq3xped" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Major river in northeast Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

'''Nile''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zɔri gindi [[Africa]] wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Mediterranean teeku ni. Di waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 7,088, di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari dunia zaa mɔɣa,{{efn|name=longest}} amaa ti yi kana ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili maa puuni di nyɛla din pɔra ni Amazon mini [[Congo River|Congo]]. Nile nyɛla din mali taarihi zaŋ jandi gbaŋsabila biɛhisi shee, daabilim  n-ti pahi kaya ni taada taarihi

Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi ayi: dinima nyɛ White Nile mini Blue Nile. White Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din waɣa ka nyɛ so'kam ni saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ din tiri Nile kom amaa  Blue Nile nyɛla din mali kom viɛnyɛla kamani buyi zuɣu gari White Nile. White Nile nyɛla din piligi miri [[Lake Victoria]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gindi Uganda mini South Sudan ka   Blue Nile mi nyɛ din piligi miri Lake Tana din be Ethiopia ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chaŋ hali ni Sudan. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Sudannima tiŋ zuɣu Khartoum. Bin din gbaai ni Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo n chaŋ nti gari Nubian Desert n saa gari chaŋ Egypt tiŋ zuɣu [[Cairo]] ka di yi zo n lu Mediterranean teeku din miri [[Alexandria]].

Nile mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din paai yuma kamani 15,000. Di nyɛla din zɔri gindi kamani tiŋgbana pin'yini. Nile kom nyɛla din yirina saa mibu ni, sa'kom din yirina [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]. Tiŋgbana kamani {{snd}}[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]] n-ti pahi South Sudan nyɛla tiŋgbani shɛŋa din bi tooi nyari saa ka dizuɣu chɛ ka bɛ tooi mali mɔɣa niŋdi pukparilim. tiŋgbani shɛŋa din gba lahi be bee yaɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be Nile Basin nyɛ [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Eritrea]] nti pahi [[Rwanda]].

== Yuya mini gbunni ==

Silimiinsili bachi &quot;Nile&quot; nyɛla din yina [[Latin]] {{lang|la|Nilus}} mini  [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|Νεῖλος}} (Neilos) ka di nyɛ din yina Semitic bachi ''naḥal'', ka di gbunni nyɛ mɔɣili.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}
{{Quote box|align=right|width=30|[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] for {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}},&lt;br&gt;the word for 'river' or 'Nile':{{sfn|Gardiner|1964|pp=43,623}}{{efn|Other hieroglyphs for 'river' are presented in {{harvnb|Faulkner|1964|p=33}} and {{harvnb|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}.
}}  &lt;hiero&gt;M17-X1:D21-G43-N35:N35:N35&lt;/hiero&gt;
}}
Saha shɛli maa ha Egyptnima balli ni, lala bachi Ŋɔ nyɛla yuusiri shɛli zaŋ n-ti 'Nile' mini mɔɣili': {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}}.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}} Egyptnima nyɛla ban booni bɛ tiŋgbani {{lang|egy-latn|kmt}} ka di gbunni nyɛ  'sabinli',  di nyɛla din jandi sabinli zaŋ n-ti i Nile kom nahingbaŋ.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=339, 470}} Silimiinsili yuli  &quot;Blue Nile&quot; nyɛla lɛbiginsim din yina Larigu yuli ''Al-Baḥr Al-Azraq''.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}&lt;!--
{{efn|The waters of the Blue Nile are very dark during the winter flood season, as they carry vast amounts of sediment downstream.{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|pp=503-504}} 
}} --&gt;

Saha ŋɔ mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali bɔbugu Nile Basin. Egypt tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli ''Al-Nīl'', ''Baḥr Al-Nīl'' bee ''Nahr Al-Nīl''.&lt;ref name=Barh&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Badawi|2003 |p=717}}.
|{{harvnb|Hurst|2025}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--
{{efn|''Bahr'' is 'sea'; ''Nahr'' is 'river'.&lt;ref name=Barh/&gt;
}} --&gt; South Sudan tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli Arabic ''Baḥr el-Jebel'', {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}} ka di gbunni nyɛ 'Mountain River'.{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=6}}  Uganda tiŋgbani, ninvuɣ shɛba ban yɛri Luganda nyɛla ban booni li ''Kiyira''.{{sfn|Hamilton |2016|p=66}} Nubian niriba zaŋ n-ti Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yuusiri [[Nobiin language|Nobiin]] yuli ''Áman Dawū'' ('Great Water').{{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=8}}

Di nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi (mɔɣ'bihi shɛŋa dabam gba nyɛla din chaŋ na nti chirigi Nile) di shɛŋa nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ: 
* Albert Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Lake Albert chani Nimule&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Dumont|2009|pp=5,6,40}}.
|{{harvnb| Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Black Nile{{snd}}Yuli shɛli dabam zaŋ n-ti Atbarah mɔɣili &lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Haupt|1926|p=305}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Blue Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Kyoga Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka din zɔri yiri [[Lake Kyoga]] chani Lake Albert{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}
* Main Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Blue Nile mini White Nile{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=4}} 
* [[Mountain Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Uganda chani South Sudan{{sfn|Talling|2009|p=390}}&lt;!-- 
{{efn|The Mountain Nile is also called ''Baḥr al-Jabal'' or ''Baḥr el-Jebel'' in Arabic.
}} --&gt;
* Victoria Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri  [[Lake Victoria]] chani Lake Kyoga{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=5}}
* [[White Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Yellow Nile{{snd}} [[Wadi Howar]], mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Nile saha shɛli ha amaa ka nyɛ din daa kuui yuma din gari maa{{sfn| Dumont|2009|p=4}}
[[File:Nile River Sources.svg|thumb|alt= A map of northeast Africa. The Nile is visible as a meandering blue line, running vertically. The river starts at the bottom in green forested area, and goes upward then ends in a blue sea at the top.| The Nile has six [[Nile cataracts|cataracts]]{{efn| Some of the cataracts have been submerged by human-made reservoirs.}} and several sources.  ]]

{{clear}}[[File:Nile River Landmarks.svg|thumb|The waters of the Nile originate as rainfall in the mountains in the south and east regions of the Nile Basin.|alt=A map of northeast Africa, showing the location of several cities and tourist sights on the river]]

&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

====Sources and sinks: geographic basins====
[[Fil&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

e:Nile River discharge flow gauge locations.svg|thumb|The water balance tables of this article contain water flow information measured at the twelve stations shown in this map.&lt;ref name=HydroData/&gt;{{efn|name=StnNames}}|alt=A map of northeast Africa. The Nile River is drawn, and there are a dozen landmarks shown on the map, at various points of the river]]

{|   class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible  mw-uncollapsed nowrap defaultright col1left sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Geographic basin water balance (annual)&lt;ref name=HydroData&gt;{{harvnb|Senay|2014|loc=Tables 3,4,5 and 6;  Sec 3.5.5 (Source/Sink)}}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|name=exclGERD}}{{efn|name=TableLegend|Hydrology Table Legend:{{sfn|Senay|2014}}
* ''Precip'' - Precipitation (P)
* ''Evap''- Evapotranspiration (ET)
* ''Water Bal'' - Precip-ET
* ''Discharge'' - River flow at measuring station (average of the entire year)
* ''Source or Sink '' - Is basin a significant source or sink of water?
}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin's&lt;br /&gt;downstream&lt;br /&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 1 [[Lake Victoria]] outlet{{efn|Measured at [[Nalubaale dam]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (74) || 264,259 || 353   || 279   || 57
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2 [[Murchison Falls]]{{efn|Measured at [[Paara (Uganda)]], slightly downstream from Murchison Falls.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (15) || 85,513 || 109   || 94     || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |3 [[Mongalla, South Sudan|Mongalla]]{{efn|Measured at [[Mongalla, South Sudan]], about 40 km downstream (north) of [[Juba]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) || 131,691 || 159 || 158    || 5
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 4 [[Malakal]]{{efn|Malakal is after the confluence of the White Nile and Sobat. It includes both [[Bahr el Ghazal River|Bahr el Ghazal]] and [[Sobat River]] tributaries.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−159)  || 925,160|| 798   || 957   || 150
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |5 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Measured at [[Al Mogran]] before the Blue Nile confluence (includes only the White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |{{D-N|Sink}} (−40) || 257,130 || 134   || 174   || 14
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 6 [[Roseires Dam|Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
| {{D-P|Source}} (105) ||  188,296|| 246  || 142 || 70
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |7 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Includes only Blue Nile (excludes White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
| {{D-W|Neutral}} (10) || 118,651|| 96  || 72   || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |8 [[Khashm el Girba]]{{efn|Roughly at the midpoint of the Atbarah river.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 | {{D-P|Source}} (30) ||  100,318|| 95   || 66  || 10
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 9 Mouth of [[Atbarah River]]{{efn |Measured at the Kilo3 station, where the Atbarah joins the Nile.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (−3) || 104,051 || 22  || 25 || 1
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 11 [[Aswan Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  188,011||2 || 13  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |12 [[Cairo]]/[[Nile Delta|Delta]]{{efn|Station is El Ekhsase, near Cairo. Basin data includes the Nile Delta, even though the delta is downstream of the station.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2, Sec 2.2.5}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  145,293||3  || 12  || 0
|}

[[File:The Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea (iss071e405499).jpg | thumb | The Nile (bottom) flows through Egypt's desert, which was much wetter during the [[African humid period]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Humid&quot;&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Kuper |Kröpelin|2006 |pp=803–807}}.  Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Bunbury|2023 |pp=47,57}}. Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Shoup|2017|loc=Articles: &quot;Culture of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of Egypt: Ancient&quot;, &quot;History of Sudan: Ancient Kush and Nubia&quot;, &quot;Atbara River&quot;}}. Nubian (Sudanese) culture in Sudan.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; |alt=A satellite photo of Egypt, showing mostly sandy ground, with a dark, meandering river flowing through the sand, emptying into a sea. ]]

[[File:Journey to Abydos, Tomb of Pairy MET DT10886.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|alt=A painting on a wall of a boat on a river, with Ancient Egyptians rowing it|Ancient Egyptians used boats extensively for transport. This image is from the [[TT139|Tomb of Pairy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ancientTransport&quot;&gt;
{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Van de Moortel|2007}}.
|{{harvnb|Creasman|2010}}. 
}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

===Post-colonial era===
[[File:Großer Tempel (Abu Simbel) 31.jpg|thumb|The [[Abu Simbel|Abu Simbel temples]] were relocated to higher ground when the [[Aswan High Dam]] was built and submerged their original location.{{sfn|Fleming  |Lothian |1997 |pp=135-136}} 
|alt=A huge rock sculpture of four kings sitting on thrones.]]
Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa deegi bɛ maŋsulinsi Britain yuuni 1950s sunsuuni.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-23}}{{efn|name=EgyptIndep|Egypt became nominally independent in 1922, but Britain maintained control of foreign policy and kept armed forces near the Suez Canal.  Full independence was achieved in 1957 after the [[Suez Crisis]].{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|pp=63-68}}}} Yuuni 1959 Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa labi lihi bɛ yuuni 1929 kom laɣim yuusi saawara. Bɛ ni daa labi gbaai saawara shɛli maa nyɛla din daa wuhi ni bɛ yɛn laɣimi yuusiri kom ŋɔ, ka daa yɛlli ni Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yɛn yuusiri kom maa kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 55.5 mini 18.5 billion cubic meters gabaadaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=122–123}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|pp=22–24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbani shɛŋa din be mɔɣili maa zuɣusaa nyɛla bɛ ni daa yihi shɛba lala saawara maa gbaabu ni, di shɛli nyɛ Ethiopia ka di gba nyɛ din tiri mɔɣili maa kom.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}

Yuuni 1959 saawara ŋɔ gbaabu maa nyɛla din daa ti Egypt mini Sudan soli ni bɛ gbi kulibɔna ka di nyɛ binshɛli bɛ ni daa niŋ: Egypt nyɛla ban daa gbi Aswan High Dam (di nyɛla din daa naai yuuni 1970); Sudan nyɛla ban daa gbi  [[Khashm el-Girba Dam]] (1964), [[Roseires Dam]] (1966), [[Merowe Dam]] (2009), n ti pahi [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex]] (2017).{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}{{efn|The 1959 agreement also provided for financial compensation paid from Egypt to Sudan for the displacement of [[Nubians]] as a result of the new reservoir behind the Aswan High Dam.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-24}}}}

[[File:GERD 3.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025, generates over 5 gigawatts.{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}}|alt=A photograph of large concrete dam and the reservoir it creates.  The photo is taken from an aerial viewpoint, looking down from above.  Large plumes of white water spray over a spillway.]]
[[File:Desert agriculture in Egypt (Copernicus 2024-02-03).jpg|thumb|alt=An aerial photograph of a yellow sandy desert to the west of the Nile. Over forty green circles are visible, where irrigation water has been used to grow crops.|These crops in Egypt (near the [[Toshka Lakes]]) are the result of [[New Valley Project|an irrigation system]] that pumps Nile water out of [[Lake Nasser]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|&quot;Desert Agriculture&quot;, ''Copernicus Programme''}}.
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=84–85}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
]]
{{efn|This table only includes hydropower stations with capacities over 100 MW.  Smaller stations including [[Assiut Barrage]], [[Jebel Aulia Dam]], [[Naga Hammadi dam]], [[Esna Power Plant]], and  [[Tis Abay I, II]]   are not included. Hydropower stations ''outside'' the Nile Basin are not included, such as Ethiopia's [[Gilgel Gibe I Dam|Gilgel Gibe Dams I]], [[Gilgel Gibe II Dam|II]], and [[Gilgel Gibe III Dam|III]].}}
{| class= &quot;wikitable defaultright col2center col5center sortable&quot;
|+ Major hydropower stations in the Nile Basin{{efn|Colors in the &quot;Landmark&quot; column indicate the country in which the hydropower station is located.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Hydropower&lt;br&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nearby&lt;br&gt;landmark
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year&lt;br&gt;completed
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Nameplate capacity|Power]]&lt;br&gt;(MW, in 2025)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Tributary
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Aswan Low Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan, Egypt]]}} ||1902, 1912, 1933, 1985||  550{{sfn|&quot;Aswan Low Dam&quot;, ''Egypt MOEE'' }} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Aswan High Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan]] Egypt}} || 1970 || 2,100{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=149}} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Merowe Dam]]
| {{WinDL|[[Merowe, Sudan]]  }}|| 2009 || 1,250{{sfn|&quot;Merowe Dam - Sudan&quot;, '' Abu Dhabi Fund for Development''}}  || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex|Upper Atbara and Setit]]
| {{WinDL| [[Showak|Showak, Sudan]] }}||  2017  || 320{{sfn|&quot;Upper Atbara Dam&quot;,  ''OPEC Fund for International Development''}}  || [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]] and [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Roseires Dam]]
| {{WinDL| [[Er Roseires|Er Roseires, Sudan]]}} || 1966, 2013  || 280{{sfn|&quot;Roseires Dam&quot;, ''IHA''}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Beles Hydroelectric Power Plant|Tana Beles]]
| {{partial|[[Lake Tana|Lake Tana, Ethiopia]]}} || 2010 || 460{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || [[Beles River]], Blue Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Tekezé Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Tekezé River|Tekezé River, Ethiopia]]}} || 2009 || 300{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}}    || [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]], [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Bameza|Bameza, Ethiopia]] }}|| 2020 || 5,150{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Fincha Hydroelectric Power Station|Fincha]]
| {{partial| [[Fincha'a|Fincha'a, Ethiopia]]}} || 1973|| 134{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || Blue Nile (Chomen Lake) 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station|Karuma]]
| {{nom|  [[Karuma Falls|Karuma Falls, Uganda ]]}} || 2024 || 600{{sfn|&quot;Karuma&quot;, ''Uganda Radio Network''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Isimba Hydroelectric Power Station|Isimba]]
| {{nom| [[Kamuli District|Kamuli District, Uganda]]}}|| 2019 || 183{{sfn|&quot;Isimba Power Station&quot;, ''UEGCL''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Bujagali Hydroelectric Power Station|Bujagali]]
| {{nom| [[Bujagali Falls|Bujagali Falls, Uganda]]}}|| 2012|| 250{{sfn|Griffin|2018}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Kiira Hydroelectric Power Station|Kiira]]
| {{nom| [[Kimaka|Kimaka, Uganda]]}}|| 2003 || 200{{sfn|Angurini|2021}} || Victoria Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Nalubaale Hydroelectric Power Station|Nalubaale]]
| {{nom| [[Jinja, Uganda]]}} || 1954|| 180{{Sfn|Tumwesigye|2011|p=10}}  ||   Victoria Nile
|}
 &lt;!-- 
{{
efn|
The river has several major cities on or near its banks including Cairo, [[Khartoum]], [[Juba]], and [[Kampala]]. These cities have hotels and facilities for tourists, such as the [[Speke Resort and Conference Center]], opened in Kampala in 2007.{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|p=217}} 
}} --&gt;

== In culture==

===Art and literature===
{{Multiple image
| width             = 
| total_width       = 425
| perrow            = 2

| image1            = Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes, Tomb of Menna MET DT10878.jpg
| alt1              = A painting of two boats on a river, with ancient Egyptian men and women standing on the boats, catching fish from the river.  
| caption1          = This ancient Egyptian artwork, &quot;Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes&quot;, is within the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]].{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}

| image2            =Maler der Grabkammer des Menna 003.jpg
| alt2            = A painting of some dead fish, from the Tomb of Menna
| caption2          = A [[Nile crocodile]] eating fish.{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}{{efn|Detail of larger artwork in the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]]{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}} }}
 
| image3            = 0 Mosaïque à scène mytholgique - villa Severi - Pal. Massimo 3.JPG
| alt3              = A large mosaic artwork.  It is a landscape of a river, with animals and people in the river, including crocodiles and hippos.
| caption3          = [[Nilotic landscape]]s, such as this 2nd century Roman  mosaic, often displayed crocodiles and hippos.&lt;ref name=Nilotic_Egyptian/&gt;

| image4            = New Wing, Vatican Museums (25497052238) (cropped).jpg
| alt4              = A large marble sculpture, inside a formal room. The main object is a reclining nude man, surrounded by many children, as well as some animals.
| caption4          = ''[[Personification of the River Nile]]'' is a colossal marble sculpture from {{circa}} 2nd century CE Rome{{snd}}now in the [[Vatican Museum]].&lt;ref name=colossal/&gt;

}}
T{{clear }}

==Kundivihira ==
===Footnotes===
{{notelist}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Betancourt|2007|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=Introduction to Aegean Art
 |first1= P.P
 |last1=Betancourt
| author-link=Philip Betancourt
| isbn= 9781623030841
| year= 2007
 | url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoae0000beta
| publisher= [[Institute for Aegean Prehistory]]
| access-date= 1 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Bunbury  |2023|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=River Culture 
 |chapter = The Egyptian Nile
 | editor-last=Wantzen 
 |editor-first= Karl M.
 |first1= Judith 
 |last1= Bunbury 
 |display-authors=etal
 |pages = 43–78 
| author-link= Judith Bunbury
| isbn=  9789231005404
|doi=10.54677/HHMI3947
| year= 2023
 | url= https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 
| publisher= [[UNESCO]]
| access-date= 10 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Camberlin|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =307–333
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/307
| chapter = Nile Basin Climates
| first= Pierre
| last = Camberlin
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Collins|2002|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title= The Nile
 |first1= Robert 
 |last1= Collins
| author-link= Robert O. Collins
| isbn=  9780300097641
| year= 2002
 | url= https://archive.org/details/nile00robe
| publisher=  [[Yale University Press]]
| access-date= 16 March 2026
}}  The &quot;Bibliographical Essay&quot; (pp. 245{{ndash}}248) lists books about the Nile River.

&lt;!--{{sfn|Dumont |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 1–22
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/1
| chapter = A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources
| first= Henri
| last = Dumont
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Eggermont |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 243–262
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/883
| chapter = Rwenzori Mountains (Mountains of the Moon): Headwaters of the Nile
| first= Hilde
| last = Eggermont
| display-authors=etal
}}</text>
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{{Short description|Major river in northeast Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

'''Nile''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zɔri gindi [[Africa]] wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Mediterranean teeku ni. Di waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 7,088, di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari dunia zaa mɔɣa,{{efn|name=longest}} amaa ti yi kana ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili maa puuni di nyɛla din pɔra ni Amazon mini [[Congo River|Congo]]. Nile nyɛla din mali taarihi zaŋ jandi gbaŋsabila biɛhisi shee, daabilim  n-ti pahi kaya ni taada taarihi

Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi ayi: dinima nyɛ White Nile mini Blue Nile. White Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din waɣa ka nyɛ so'kam ni saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ din tiri Nile kom amaa  Blue Nile nyɛla din mali kom viɛnyɛla kamani buyi zuɣu gari White Nile. White Nile nyɛla din piligi miri [[Lake Victoria]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gindi Uganda mini South Sudan ka   Blue Nile mi nyɛ din piligi miri Lake Tana din be Ethiopia ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chaŋ hali ni Sudan. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Sudannima tiŋ zuɣu Khartoum. Bin din gbaai ni Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo n chaŋ nti gari Nubian Desert n saa gari chaŋ Egypt tiŋ zuɣu [[Cairo]] ka di yi zo n lu Mediterranean teeku din miri [[Alexandria]].

Nile mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din paai yuma kamani 15,000. Di nyɛla din zɔri gindi kamani tiŋgbana pin'yini. Nile kom nyɛla din yirina saa mibu ni, sa'kom din yirina [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]. Tiŋgbana kamani {{snd}}[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]] n-ti pahi South Sudan nyɛla tiŋgbani shɛŋa din bi tooi nyari saa ka dizuɣu chɛ ka bɛ tooi mali mɔɣa niŋdi pukparilim. tiŋgbani shɛŋa din gba lahi be bee yaɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be Nile Basin nyɛ [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Eritrea]] nti pahi [[Rwanda]].

== Yuya mini gbunni ==

Silimiinsili bachi &quot;Nile&quot; nyɛla din yina [[Latin]] {{lang|la|Nilus}} mini  [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|Νεῖλος}} (Neilos) ka di nyɛ din yina Semitic bachi ''naḥal'', ka di gbunni nyɛ mɔɣili.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}
{{Quote box|align=right|width=30|[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] for {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}},&lt;br&gt;the word for 'river' or 'Nile':{{sfn|Gardiner|1964|pp=43,623}}{{efn|Other hieroglyphs for 'river' are presented in {{harvnb|Faulkner|1964|p=33}} and {{harvnb|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}.
}}  &lt;hiero&gt;M17-X1:D21-G43-N35:N35:N35&lt;/hiero&gt;
}}
Saha shɛli maa ha Egyptnima balli ni, lala bachi Ŋɔ nyɛla yuusiri shɛli zaŋ n-ti 'Nile' mini mɔɣili': {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}}.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}} Egyptnima nyɛla ban booni bɛ tiŋgbani {{lang|egy-latn|kmt}} ka di gbunni nyɛ  'sabinli',  di nyɛla din jandi sabinli zaŋ n-ti i Nile kom nahingbaŋ.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=339, 470}} Silimiinsili yuli  &quot;Blue Nile&quot; nyɛla lɛbiginsim din yina Larigu yuli ''Al-Baḥr Al-Azraq''.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}&lt;!--
{{efn|The waters of the Blue Nile are very dark during the winter flood season, as they carry vast amounts of sediment downstream.{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|pp=503-504}} 
}} --&gt;

Saha ŋɔ mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali bɔbugu Nile Basin. Egypt tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli ''Al-Nīl'', ''Baḥr Al-Nīl'' bee ''Nahr Al-Nīl''.&lt;ref name=Barh&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Badawi|2003 |p=717}}.
|{{harvnb|Hurst|2025}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--
{{efn|''Bahr'' is 'sea'; ''Nahr'' is 'river'.&lt;ref name=Barh/&gt;
}} --&gt; South Sudan tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli Arabic ''Baḥr el-Jebel'', {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}} ka di gbunni nyɛ 'Mountain River'.{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=6}}  Uganda tiŋgbani, ninvuɣ shɛba ban yɛri Luganda nyɛla ban booni li ''Kiyira''.{{sfn|Hamilton |2016|p=66}} Nubian niriba zaŋ n-ti Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yuusiri [[Nobiin language|Nobiin]] yuli ''Áman Dawū'' ('Great Water').{{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=8}}

Di nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi (mɔɣ'bihi shɛŋa dabam gba nyɛla din chaŋ na nti chirigi Nile) di shɛŋa nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ: 
* Albert Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Lake Albert chani Nimule&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Dumont|2009|pp=5,6,40}}.
|{{harvnb| Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Black Nile{{snd}}Yuli shɛli dabam zaŋ n-ti Atbarah mɔɣili &lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Haupt|1926|p=305}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Blue Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Kyoga Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka din zɔri yiri [[Lake Kyoga]] chani Lake Albert{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}
* Main Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Blue Nile mini White Nile{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=4}} 
* [[Mountain Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Uganda chani South Sudan{{sfn|Talling|2009|p=390}}&lt;!-- 
{{efn|The Mountain Nile is also called ''Baḥr al-Jabal'' or ''Baḥr el-Jebel'' in Arabic.
}} --&gt;
* Victoria Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri  [[Lake Victoria]] chani Lake Kyoga{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=5}}
* [[White Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Yellow Nile{{snd}} [[Wadi Howar]], mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Nile saha shɛli ha amaa ka nyɛ din daa kuui yuma din gari maa{{sfn| Dumont|2009|p=4}}
[[File:Nile River Sources.svg|thumb|alt= A map of northeast Africa. The Nile is visible as a meandering blue line, running vertically. The river starts at the bottom in green forested area, and goes upward then ends in a blue sea at the top.| The Nile has six [[Nile cataracts|cataracts]]{{efn| Some of the cataracts have been submerged by human-made reservoirs.}} and several sources.  ]]

{{clear}}[[File:Nile River Landmarks.svg|thumb|The waters of the Nile originate as rainfall in the mountains in the south and east regions of the Nile Basin.|alt=A map of northeast Africa, showing the location of several cities and tourist sights on the river]]

&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

====Sources and sinks: geographic basins====
[[Fil&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

e:Nile River discharge flow gauge locations.svg|thumb|The water balance tables of this article contain water flow information measured at the twelve stations shown in this map.&lt;ref name=HydroData/&gt;{{efn|name=StnNames}}|alt=A map of northeast Africa. The Nile River is drawn, and there are a dozen landmarks shown on the map, at various points of the river]]

{|   class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible  mw-uncollapsed nowrap defaultright col1left sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Geographic basin water balance (annual)&lt;ref name=HydroData&gt;{{harvnb|Senay|2014|loc=Tables 3,4,5 and 6;  Sec 3.5.5 (Source/Sink)}}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|name=exclGERD}}{{efn|name=TableLegend|Hydrology Table Legend:{{sfn|Senay|2014}}
* ''Precip'' - Precipitation (P)
* ''Evap''- Evapotranspiration (ET)
* ''Water Bal'' - Precip-ET
* ''Discharge'' - River flow at measuring station (average of the entire year)
* ''Source or Sink '' - Is basin a significant source or sink of water?
}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin's&lt;br /&gt;downstream&lt;br /&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 1 [[Lake Victoria]] outlet{{efn|Measured at [[Nalubaale dam]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (74) || 264,259 || 353   || 279   || 57
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2 [[Murchison Falls]]{{efn|Measured at [[Paara (Uganda)]], slightly downstream from Murchison Falls.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (15) || 85,513 || 109   || 94     || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |3 [[Mongalla, South Sudan|Mongalla]]{{efn|Measured at [[Mongalla, South Sudan]], about 40 km downstream (north) of [[Juba]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) || 131,691 || 159 || 158    || 5
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 4 [[Malakal]]{{efn|Malakal is after the confluence of the White Nile and Sobat. It includes both [[Bahr el Ghazal River|Bahr el Ghazal]] and [[Sobat River]] tributaries.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−159)  || 925,160|| 798   || 957   || 150
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |5 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Measured at [[Al Mogran]] before the Blue Nile confluence (includes only the White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |{{D-N|Sink}} (−40) || 257,130 || 134   || 174   || 14
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 6 [[Roseires Dam|Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
| {{D-P|Source}} (105) ||  188,296|| 246  || 142 || 70
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |7 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Includes only Blue Nile (excludes White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
| {{D-W|Neutral}} (10) || 118,651|| 96  || 72   || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |8 [[Khashm el Girba]]{{efn|Roughly at the midpoint of the Atbarah river.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 | {{D-P|Source}} (30) ||  100,318|| 95   || 66  || 10
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 9 Mouth of [[Atbarah River]]{{efn |Measured at the Kilo3 station, where the Atbarah joins the Nile.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (−3) || 104,051 || 22  || 25 || 1
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 11 [[Aswan Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  188,011||2 || 13  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |12 [[Cairo]]/[[Nile Delta|Delta]]{{efn|Station is El Ekhsase, near Cairo. Basin data includes the Nile Delta, even though the delta is downstream of the station.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2, Sec 2.2.5}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  145,293||3  || 12  || 0
|}

[[File:The Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea (iss071e405499).jpg | thumb | The Nile (bottom) flows through Egypt's desert, which was much wetter during the [[African humid period]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Humid&quot;&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Kuper |Kröpelin|2006 |pp=803–807}}.  Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Bunbury|2023 |pp=47,57}}. Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Shoup|2017|loc=Articles: &quot;Culture of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of Egypt: Ancient&quot;, &quot;History of Sudan: Ancient Kush and Nubia&quot;, &quot;Atbara River&quot;}}. Nubian (Sudanese) culture in Sudan.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; |alt=A satellite photo of Egypt, showing mostly sandy ground, with a dark, meandering river flowing through the sand, emptying into a sea. ]]

[[File:Journey to Abydos, Tomb of Pairy MET DT10886.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|alt=A painting on a wall of a boat on a river, with Ancient Egyptians rowing it|Ancient Egyptians used boats extensively for transport. This image is from the [[TT139|Tomb of Pairy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ancientTransport&quot;&gt;
{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Van de Moortel|2007}}.
|{{harvnb|Creasman|2010}}. 
}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

===Post-colonial era===
[[File:Großer Tempel (Abu Simbel) 31.jpg|thumb|The [[Abu Simbel|Abu Simbel temples]] were relocated to higher ground when the [[Aswan High Dam]] was built and submerged their original location.{{sfn|Fleming  |Lothian |1997 |pp=135-136}} 
|alt=A huge rock sculpture of four kings sitting on thrones.]]
Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa deegi bɛ maŋsulinsi Britain yuuni 1950s sunsuuni.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-23}}{{efn|name=EgyptIndep|Egypt became nominally independent in 1922, but Britain maintained control of foreign policy and kept armed forces near the Suez Canal.  Full independence was achieved in 1957 after the [[Suez Crisis]].{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|pp=63-68}}}} Yuuni 1959 Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa labi lihi bɛ yuuni 1929 kom laɣim yuusi saawara. Bɛ ni daa labi gbaai saawara shɛli maa nyɛla din daa wuhi ni bɛ yɛn laɣimi yuusiri kom ŋɔ, ka daa yɛlli ni Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yɛn yuusiri kom maa kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 55.5 mini 18.5 billion cubic meters gabaadaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=122–123}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|pp=22–24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbani shɛŋa din be mɔɣili maa zuɣusaa nyɛla bɛ ni daa yihi shɛba lala saawara maa gbaabu ni, di shɛli nyɛ Ethiopia ka di gba nyɛ din tiri mɔɣili maa kom.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}

Yuuni 1959 saawara ŋɔ gbaabu maa nyɛla din daa ti Egypt mini Sudan soli ni bɛ gbi kulibɔna ka di nyɛ binshɛli bɛ ni daa niŋ: Egypt nyɛla ban daa gbi Aswan High Dam (di nyɛla din daa naai yuuni 1970); Sudan nyɛla ban daa gbi  [[Khashm el-Girba Dam]] (1964), [[Roseires Dam]] (1966), [[Merowe Dam]] (2009), n ti pahi [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex]] (2017).{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}{{efn|The 1959 agreement also provided for financial compensation paid from Egypt to Sudan for the displacement of [[Nubians]] as a result of the new reservoir behind the Aswan High Dam.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-24}}}}

[[File:GERD 3.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025, generates over 5 gigawatts.{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}}|alt=A photograph of large concrete dam and the reservoir it creates.  The photo is taken from an aerial viewpoint, looking down from above.  Large plumes of white water spray over a spillway.]]
[[File:Desert agriculture in Egypt (Copernicus 2024-02-03).jpg|thumb|alt=An aerial photograph of a yellow sandy desert to the west of the Nile. Over forty green circles are visible, where irrigation water has been used to grow crops.|These crops in Egypt (near the [[Toshka Lakes]]) are the result of [[New Valley Project|an irrigation system]] that pumps Nile water out of [[Lake Nasser]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|&quot;Desert Agriculture&quot;, ''Copernicus Programme''}}.
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=84–85}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
]]
{{efn|This table only includes hydropower stations with capacities over 100 MW.  Smaller stations including [[Assiut Barrage]], [[Jebel Aulia Dam]], [[Naga Hammadi dam]], [[Esna Power Plant]], and  [[Tis Abay I, II]]   are not included. Hydropower stations ''outside'' the Nile Basin are not included, such as Ethiopia's [[Gilgel Gibe I Dam|Gilgel Gibe Dams I]], [[Gilgel Gibe II Dam|II]], and [[Gilgel Gibe III Dam|III]].}}
{| class= &quot;wikitable defaultright col2center col5center sortable&quot;
|+ Major hydropower stations in the Nile Basin{{efn|Colors in the &quot;Landmark&quot; column indicate the country in which the hydropower station is located.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Hydropower&lt;br&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nearby&lt;br&gt;landmark
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year&lt;br&gt;completed
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Nameplate capacity|Power]]&lt;br&gt;(MW, in 2025)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Tributary
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Aswan Low Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan, Egypt]]}} ||1902, 1912, 1933, 1985||  550{{sfn|&quot;Aswan Low Dam&quot;, ''Egypt MOEE'' }} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Aswan High Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan]] Egypt}} || 1970 || 2,100{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=149}} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Merowe Dam]]
| {{WinDL|[[Merowe, Sudan]]  }}|| 2009 || 1,250{{sfn|&quot;Merowe Dam - Sudan&quot;, '' Abu Dhabi Fund for Development''}}  || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex|Upper Atbara and Setit]]
| {{WinDL| [[Showak|Showak, Sudan]] }}||  2017  || 320{{sfn|&quot;Upper Atbara Dam&quot;,  ''OPEC Fund for International Development''}}  || [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]] and [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Roseires Dam]]
| {{WinDL| [[Er Roseires|Er Roseires, Sudan]]}} || 1966, 2013  || 280{{sfn|&quot;Roseires Dam&quot;, ''IHA''}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Beles Hydroelectric Power Plant|Tana Beles]]
| {{partial|[[Lake Tana|Lake Tana, Ethiopia]]}} || 2010 || 460{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || [[Beles River]], Blue Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Tekezé Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Tekezé River|Tekezé River, Ethiopia]]}} || 2009 || 300{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}}    || [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]], [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Bameza|Bameza, Ethiopia]] }}|| 2020 || 5,150{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Fincha Hydroelectric Power Station|Fincha]]
| {{partial| [[Fincha'a|Fincha'a, Ethiopia]]}} || 1973|| 134{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || Blue Nile (Chomen Lake) 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station|Karuma]]
| {{nom|  [[Karuma Falls|Karuma Falls, Uganda ]]}} || 2024 || 600{{sfn|&quot;Karuma&quot;, ''Uganda Radio Network''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Isimba Hydroelectric Power Station|Isimba]]
| {{nom| [[Kamuli District|Kamuli District, Uganda]]}}|| 2019 || 183{{sfn|&quot;Isimba Power Station&quot;, ''UEGCL''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Bujagali Hydroelectric Power Station|Bujagali]]
| {{nom| [[Bujagali Falls|Bujagali Falls, Uganda]]}}|| 2012|| 250{{sfn|Griffin|2018}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Kiira Hydroelectric Power Station|Kiira]]
| {{nom| [[Kimaka|Kimaka, Uganda]]}}|| 2003 || 200{{sfn|Angurini|2021}} || Victoria Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Nalubaale Hydroelectric Power Station|Nalubaale]]
| {{nom| [[Jinja, Uganda]]}} || 1954|| 180{{Sfn|Tumwesigye|2011|p=10}}  ||   Victoria Nile
|}
 &lt;!-- 
{{
efn|
The river has several major cities on or near its banks including Cairo, [[Khartoum]], [[Juba]], and [[Kampala]]. These cities have hotels and facilities for tourists, such as the [[Speke Resort and Conference Center]], opened in Kampala in 2007.{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|p=217}} 
}} --&gt;

== In culture==

===Art and literature===
{{Multiple image
| width             = 
| total_width       = 425
| perrow            = 2

| image1            = Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes, Tomb of Menna MET DT10878.jpg
| alt1              = A painting of two boats on a river, with ancient Egyptian men and women standing on the boats, catching fish from the river.  
| caption1          = This ancient Egyptian artwork, &quot;Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes&quot;, is within the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]].{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}

| image2            =Maler der Grabkammer des Menna 003.jpg
| alt2            = A painting of some dead fish, from the Tomb of Menna
| caption2          = A [[Nile crocodile]] eating fish.{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}{{efn|Detail of larger artwork in the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]]{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}} }}
 
| image3            = 0 Mosaïque à scène mytholgique - villa Severi - Pal. Massimo 3.JPG
| alt3              = A large mosaic artwork.  It is a landscape of a river, with animals and people in the river, including crocodiles and hippos.
| caption3          = [[Nilotic landscape]]s, such as this 2nd century Roman  mosaic, often displayed crocodiles and hippos.&lt;ref name=Nilotic_Egyptian/&gt;

| image4            = New Wing, Vatican Museums (25497052238) (cropped).jpg
| alt4              = A large marble sculpture, inside a formal room. The main object is a reclining nude man, surrounded by many children, as well as some animals.
| caption4          = ''[[Personification of the River Nile]]'' is a colossal marble sculpture from {{circa}} 2nd century CE Rome{{snd}}now in the [[Vatican Museum]].&lt;ref name=colossal/&gt;

}}
T{{clear }}

==Kundivihira ==
===Footnotes===
{{notelist}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Betancourt|2007|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=Introduction to Aegean Art
 |first1= P.P
 |last1=Betancourt
| author-link=Philip Betancourt
| isbn= 9781623030841
| year= 2007
 | url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoae0000beta
| publisher= [[Institute for Aegean Prehistory]]
| access-date= 1 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Bunbury  |2023|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=River Culture 
 |chapter = The Egyptian Nile
 | editor-last=Wantzen 
 |editor-first= Karl M.
 |first1= Judith 
 |last1= Bunbury 
 |display-authors=etal
 |pages = 43–78 
| author-link= Judith Bunbury
| isbn=  9789231005404
|doi=10.54677/HHMI3947
| year= 2023
 | url= https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 
| publisher= [[UNESCO]]
| access-date= 10 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Camberlin|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =307–333
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/307
| chapter = Nile Basin Climates
| first= Pierre
| last = Camberlin
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Collins|2002|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title= The Nile
 |first1= Robert 
 |last1= Collins
| author-link= Robert O. Collins
| isbn=  9780300097641
| year= 2002
 | url= https://archive.org/details/nile00robe
| publisher=  [[Yale University Press]]
| access-date= 16 March 2026
}}  The &quot;Bibliographical Essay&quot; (pp. 245{{ndash}}248) lists books about the Nile River.

&lt;!--{{sfn|Dumont |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 1–22
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/1
| chapter = A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources
| first= Henri
| last = Dumont
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Eggermont |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 243–262
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/883
| chapter = Rwenzori Mountains (Mountains of the Moon): Headwaters of the Nile
| first= Hilde
| last = Eggermont
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|Dumont|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 95–124
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/95
| chapter =  The Fayum Depression
| first1= Gamal
| last1 = El-Shabrawy
| first2= Henri
| last2 = Dumont
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 125–156
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/125
| chapter =  Lake Nasser-Nubia
| first1= Gamal
| last1 = El-Shabrawy
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Sheekh |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 395–406
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/395
| chapter =   River Nile Pollutants and Their Effect on Life Forms and Water Quality
| first1=  Mostafa 
| last1 = El-Sheekh
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Embabi   |2018  | pp=&gt;? }} --&gt; 
* {{Cite book 
|last=Embabi 
|first=N.S.
 |title=Landscapes and Landforms of Egypt
 |year=2018
 |isbn=9783319656595
|publisher=[[Springer Nature]]
 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8_4
|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8
 |access-date=4 February 2020 
|archive-date=4 February 2020 
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204215026/https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8
 |url-status=live
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Faulkner|1964 |p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |first= Raymond
 |last = Faulkner
 |author-link =  Raymond O. Faulkner
 |title= A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian
 |year=  1964 
 |orig-year=  1962  
 |publisher = [[Griffith Institute]]
 |url=  https://archive.org/details/concisedictionar0000faul/
 |access-date = 26 March 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Fierro|Nyer|2007|p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | last1 =  Fierro
| first1 =  Pedro
| first2 =  Evan K.
| last2 =  Nyer
 | title = The Water Encyclopedia: Hydrologic Data and Internet Resources
 | publisher = [[CRC Press]]
| year =  2007
 | isbn = 9781420012583 
 | url  = https://archive.org/details/waterencyclopedi0000unse_j5x4
 | access-date = 24 March 2026
 }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Fleming |Lothian  |1997 |p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | last1 = Fleming
| first1 = Fergus 
| first2 = Alan
| last2 = Lothian
 | title = The Way to Eternity: Egyptian Myth
 | publisher = Duncan Baird 
| year = 1997
 | isbn = 0705435032
 | url =https://archive.org/details/waytoeternityegy00flem
 }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Gardiner|1964|p =?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |first= Alan
 |last = Gardiner
 |author-link = Alan Gardiner
 |title=Egyptian Grammar  
 |year= 1964 
 |edition =3rd
 |orig-year= 1927
 |publisher = [[Oxford University Press ]]
 |url=https://archive.org/details/egyptiangrammar0000alan 
 |access-date = 26 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 499–520
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/499
| chapter = The Oligochaeta of the Nile Basin Revisited 
| first= Samir
| last = Ghabbour
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =205–214
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/205
| chapter =  The Kyoga Catchment
| first= Jim
| last = Green
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 705–720
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/705
| chapter =   Birds of the Nile
| first= Jim
| last = Green
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|El-Moghraby|2009|pp=???}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 193–204
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/193
| chapter = Swamps of the Upper White Nile
| first1= Jim
| last1 = Green
| first2= Asim
| last2 = El-Moghraby
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hamilton |2016|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=Luganda Dictionary and Grammar 
 |first1=  Alan
 |last1= Hamilton
| isbn=  9780954149611
| year=    2016 
 | url= https://archive.org/details/lugandadictionar0000hami
| publisher=  Alan Hamilton
| access-date= 31 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Hamza|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 75–94
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/75
| chapter = The Nile Delta
| first= Waleed
| last = Hamza
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hart|2005|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last=Hart
|first=George
|author-link=George Hart (Egyptologist)
|title=The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
|edition=Second
|year=2005
|publisher=[[Routledge]]
|isbn=  0415344956
|url=https://archive.org/details/edg-the-routledge-dictionary-of-egyptian-gods
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|Holl|2025|pp=355–375}} 
* {{cite book
|last1=Holl
 |first1=Augustin
 |title=General History of Africa
 |volume=IX: General history of Africa Revisited 
 |chapter =Ancient Civilizations of Africa
|publisher=[[UNESCO]]
|pages=355–375
|year=2025
|isbn=9789231008092
|chapter-url = https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000396045?posInSet=1&amp;queryId=N-EXPLORE-612fe50c-9ec6-4256-8bd3-7b7ec50033a7
|access-date=2 February 2026
}}--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hornung|1982|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last=Hornung
|first=Erik
|author-link=Erik Hornung
|translator-first=John
|translator-last=Baines
|translator-link= John Baines (Egyptologist)
|others=Original in German.
|title=Conceptions of God in Egypt: The One and the Many
|publisher=[[Cornell University Press]]
|year=1982
|orig-year= 1971
| isbn=9780801412233
| url= https://archive.org/details/conceptionsofgod0000horn_q6b3
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hughes|1992|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last1=Hughes
|first1=Ralph H.
|display-authors=etal
|title=IUCN Directory of African Wetlands
 |url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1992-007.pdf
|access-date=2013-03-25
 |year=1992
|publisher= [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]]
|isbn=9782880329495
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Lehman|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =215–242
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/215
| chapter =   Lake Victoria
| first=  John
| last = Lehman
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last= Murray
|first= G. W.
|title=An English-Nubian Comparative Dictionary
|year= 1923
|publisher= [[Humphrey Milford]], [[Oxford University Press]]
|url=https://archive.org/details/englishnubiancom0004gwmu_4
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Okidi|1994|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Okidi
 |first=C. O.
 |editor-first1=P.P.
 |editor-last1=Howell
 |editor-first2=J. J.
 |editor-last2=Alan
 |isbn=9780521450409
 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521450409/page/321
 |access-date=12 January 2026
 |title=The Nile: Sharing a Scarce Resource
 |chapter=History of the Nile and Lake Victoria Basins through Treaties
 |pages=321–350
 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
 |year=1994
}}

 &lt;!-- {{sfn|Redford  |2001|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |year=   2001
 |title=   Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
 | volume = 2
 |editor-last1= Redford  
 |editor-first1=   Donald B.
|editor-link1=  Donald B. Redford
 |publisher= Oxford University Press
 |url=   https://archive.org/details/oxfordencyclopediaofancientegyptvolume2
 |access-date=26 March 2026
 |isbn=  0195138228 
}}

 &lt;!-- {{sfn|Redford  |2001a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |year=   2001a
 |title=   Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
 | volume =3
 |editor-last1= Redford  
 |editor-first1=   Donald B.
|editor-link1=  Donald B. Redford
 |publisher= Oxford University Press
 |url=  https://archive.org/details/oxfordencyclopediaofancientegyptvolume3
 |access-date=26 March 2026
 |isbn=  0195138236
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Roach|2025|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=  Roach
 |first= Steven
 |year=  2025
 |chapter=Introduction: Nile Basin Politics and its Challenges
 |pages=1–16
 |title=Nile Basin Politics: From Coordinated to Cooperative Peace 
 |editor-last1=  Roach
 |editor-first1= Steven
 |editor-last2=  Hudson
 |editor-first2= Derrick
 |publisher= [[Edward Elgar Publishing]]
 |url=  https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollbook/book/9781803927176/9781803927176.xml
 | doi=10.4337/9781803927176
 |access-date=15 January 2026
 |isbn=  9781803927176 
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Robins|2008|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title= The Art of Ancient Egypt
  | last =Robins
  | first= Gay
 | author-link= Gay Robins
  |  isbn=9780674030657
  |  url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YD-z8hmdUMIC
  |access-date= 24 February 2026
 |   year=2008
 | orig-year=1997
  |  publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]
}}
 
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Rosenthal|2005}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=  Rosenthal
 |first= Lisa
 |year=  2005
 |title=Gender, Politics, and Allegory in the Art of Rubens
 |publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/genderpoliticsal0000rose
 |access-date=15 December 2025
 |isbn= 9780521842440
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Said|1993}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Said
 |first=Rushdi
 |author-link=Rushdi Said
 |year=1993
 |title=The River Nile: Geology, Hydrology, and Utilization
 |publisher=[[Pergamon Press]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/rivernilegeology0000said 
 |access-date=11 February 2026
 |isbn= 0080418864
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Schama|1995|pp=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Schama
 |first=Simon
|author-link=Simon Schama
 |year=1995
 |isbn=9780679402558
 |title=Landscape and Memory
 |publisher=[[A.A. Knopf]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/landscapememory0000scha_k7e4
 |access-date=15 December 2025
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Shahin|2002}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last=Shahin
 |first=Mamdouh
 |url=https://archive.org/details/hydrologywaterre0000shah
 |title=Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa
 |date=2002
 |publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
 |isbn=9781402008665
 | access-date=7 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Shoup|2017|loc= articleName }} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |  title=The Nile: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture
  |  last=Shoup
 |first= John A.
  | display-authors=etal
  |  isbn=9798216123323 
  |  url=https://archive.org/details/the-nile-an-encyclopedia-of-geography-history-and-culture
  | access-date= 14 February 2026
  |  year=2017
  |  publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] / [[ABC-CLIO]]
}} EBook.  The hardcover is {{isbn|9781440840401}}.

 &lt;!-- {{sfn| Siliotti|1997|p=?}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |  title=Guide to the Valley of the Kings
 |   last =Siliotti
 | first= Alberto
 | author-link = Alberto Siliotti
 |   isbn=9780760733257
  |  url=https://books.google.com/books?id=owicnQAACAAJ
 | access-date= 24 February 2026
  |  year=1997
  |  publisher=[[Barnes &amp; Noble ]]
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn| Smith|1878}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last= Smith
 |first= William
|author-link = William Smith (lexicographer)
 |url= https://archive.org/details/anewclassicaldi00unkngoog
 |title=A New Classical Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography, Mythology And Geography
 |date= 1878
 |publisher= [[Harper &amp; Brothers]]
 |lccn=04035163
 |access-date=7 January 2026
}}
 
&lt;!-- {{sfn| Stokes|2009 |p=??}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last=  Stokes
 |first=  Jamie
 |url= https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpe0000unse_h6k0 
 |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East
 |volume=2
 |date= 2009 
  |isbn=9781438126760
 |publisher=  [[Facts On File]]
 |access-date=13 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 334–364
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/334
| chapter = The Hydrology of the Nile Basin
| first= John
| last = Sutcliffe
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talbot|Williams|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 37–60
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/37
| chapter =   Cenozoic Evolution of the Nile Basin  
| first1=     Michael 
| last1 =  Talbot
| first2=     Martin
| last2 =  Williams
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talling|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 23–34
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/23
| chapter =     History of Scientific Research
| first=    Jack 
| last = Talling
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talling|2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 367–394
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/367
| chapter =  Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics
| first=    Jack 
| last = Talling
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Tian|2025|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
| title =Ancient Egypt in Video Games
|editor-first=Jennifer 
|editor-last=  Cromwell
| isbn = 9783111534022
|year=2025
|  publisher = [[de Gruyter Oldenbourg]]
| chapter = Pharaohs, Labourers and Wonder Builders: Illustrating Ancient Egypt with Game Mechanics in Strategy Games 
| pages = 87–110
| last= Tian 
|first=Tian
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Tvedt|2021}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | title= The Nile: History's Greatest River
 | last=Tvedt
 | first= Terje
 | author-link = Terje Tvedt
 | isbn= 9780755616800
 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=brYsEAAAQBAJ
 | access-date= 10 December 2025
 | year= 2021
 | publisher= [[Bloomsbury Publishing]]
 }}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Van Damme| Bocxlaer|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| series=Monographiae Biologicae
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 585–630
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/585
| chapter = Freshwater Molluscs of the Nile Basin, Past and Present
| first1= Dirk
| last1 = Van Damme
| first2= Bert
| last2 = Bocxlaer
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|Versluys|2002 |pp=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
|last1= Versluys
|first1=  M. J.
|year= 2002
|title=Aegyptiaca Romana : Nilotic Scenes and the Roman Views of Egypt
|publisher=  [[Brill Publishers]]
|url= https://archive.org/details/aegyptiacaromana0000vers
|access-date=15 January 2026
| isbn = 9004124403
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Vijverberg|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 163–192
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/163
| chapter =   Lake Tana: Source of the Blue Nile
| first=    Jacobus
| last = Vijverberg
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Warren| 2006 | p =352  }}. --&gt; 
* {{Cite book
 |last=Warren
 |first=John 
 |url=https://archive.org/details/evaporitessedime0000warr
 |title=Evaporites: Sediments, Resources and Hydrocarbons
 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]
 |year=2006 
|isbn=3540260110   
 |url-access=registration
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Williams |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 61–72
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/61
| chapter = Late Quaternary Environments in Nile Basin
| first= Martin
| last = Williams
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Williams |2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 771–780
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/771
| chapter = Human Impact on Nile Basin
| first= Martin
| last = Williams
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Witte |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 647–676
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/647
| chapter =   Fish Fauna of the Nile 
| first=     Frans  
| last =  Witte 
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Witte |2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 723–748
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/723
| chapter =  Fisheries of the Nile System 
| first=     Frans  
| last =  Witte 
| display-authors=etal
}}</text>
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      <text bytes="46226" sha1="qi0pirrrihhfvfovui8tvqm2twshdsh" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Major river in northeast Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

'''Nile''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zɔri gindi [[Africa]] wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Mediterranean teeku ni. Di waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 7,088, di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari dunia zaa mɔɣa,{{efn|name=longest}} amaa ti yi kana ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili maa puuni di nyɛla din pɔra ni Amazon mini [[Congo River|Congo]]. Nile nyɛla din mali taarihi zaŋ jandi gbaŋsabila biɛhisi shee, daabilim  n-ti pahi kaya ni taada taarihi

Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi ayi: dinima nyɛ White Nile mini Blue Nile. White Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din waɣa ka nyɛ so'kam ni saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ din tiri Nile kom amaa  Blue Nile nyɛla din mali kom viɛnyɛla kamani buyi zuɣu gari White Nile. White Nile nyɛla din piligi miri [[Lake Victoria]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gindi Uganda mini South Sudan ka   Blue Nile mi nyɛ din piligi miri Lake Tana din be Ethiopia ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chaŋ hali ni Sudan. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Sudannima tiŋ zuɣu Khartoum. Bin din gbaai ni Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo n chaŋ nti gari Nubian Desert n saa gari chaŋ Egypt tiŋ zuɣu [[Cairo]] ka di yi zo n lu Mediterranean teeku din miri [[Alexandria]].

Nile mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din paai yuma kamani 15,000. Di nyɛla din zɔri gindi kamani tiŋgbana pin'yini. Nile kom nyɛla din yirina saa mibu ni, sa'kom din yirina [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]. Tiŋgbana kamani {{snd}}[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]] n-ti pahi South Sudan nyɛla tiŋgbani shɛŋa din bi tooi nyari saa ka dizuɣu chɛ ka bɛ tooi mali mɔɣa niŋdi pukparilim. tiŋgbani shɛŋa din gba lahi be bee yaɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be Nile Basin nyɛ [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Eritrea]] nti pahi [[Rwanda]].

== Yuya mini gbunni ==

Silimiinsili bachi &quot;Nile&quot; nyɛla din yina [[Latin]] {{lang|la|Nilus}} mini  [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|Νεῖλος}} (Neilos) ka di nyɛ din yina Semitic bachi ''naḥal'', ka di gbunni nyɛ mɔɣili.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}
{{Quote box|align=right|width=30|[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] for {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}},&lt;br&gt;the word for 'river' or 'Nile':{{sfn|Gardiner|1964|pp=43,623}}{{efn|Other hieroglyphs for 'river' are presented in {{harvnb|Faulkner|1964|p=33}} and {{harvnb|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}.
}}  &lt;hiero&gt;M17-X1:D21-G43-N35:N35:N35&lt;/hiero&gt;
}}
Saha shɛli maa ha Egyptnima balli ni, lala bachi Ŋɔ nyɛla yuusiri shɛli zaŋ n-ti 'Nile' mini mɔɣili': {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}}.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}} Egyptnima nyɛla ban booni bɛ tiŋgbani {{lang|egy-latn|kmt}} ka di gbunni nyɛ  'sabinli',  di nyɛla din jandi sabinli zaŋ n-ti i Nile kom nahingbaŋ.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=339, 470}} Silimiinsili yuli  &quot;Blue Nile&quot; nyɛla lɛbiginsim din yina Larigu yuli ''Al-Baḥr Al-Azraq''.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}&lt;!--
{{efn|The waters of the Blue Nile are very dark during the winter flood season, as they carry vast amounts of sediment downstream.{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|pp=503-504}} 
}} --&gt;

Saha ŋɔ mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali bɔbugu Nile Basin. Egypt tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli ''Al-Nīl'', ''Baḥr Al-Nīl'' bee ''Nahr Al-Nīl''.&lt;ref name=Barh&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Badawi|2003 |p=717}}.
|{{harvnb|Hurst|2025}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--
{{efn|''Bahr'' is 'sea'; ''Nahr'' is 'river'.&lt;ref name=Barh/&gt;
}} --&gt; South Sudan tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli Arabic ''Baḥr el-Jebel'', {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}} ka di gbunni nyɛ 'Mountain River'.{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=6}}  Uganda tiŋgbani, ninvuɣ shɛba ban yɛri Luganda nyɛla ban booni li ''Kiyira''.{{sfn|Hamilton |2016|p=66}} Nubian niriba zaŋ n-ti Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yuusiri [[Nobiin language|Nobiin]] yuli ''Áman Dawū'' ('Great Water').{{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=8}}

Di nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi (mɔɣ'bihi shɛŋa dabam gba nyɛla din chaŋ na nti chirigi Nile) di shɛŋa nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ: 
* Albert Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Lake Albert chani Nimule&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Dumont|2009|pp=5,6,40}}.
|{{harvnb| Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Black Nile{{snd}}Yuli shɛli dabam zaŋ n-ti Atbarah mɔɣili &lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Haupt|1926|p=305}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Blue Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Kyoga Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka din zɔri yiri [[Lake Kyoga]] chani Lake Albert{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}
* Main Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Blue Nile mini White Nile{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=4}} 
* [[Mountain Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Uganda chani South Sudan{{sfn|Talling|2009|p=390}}&lt;!-- 
{{efn|The Mountain Nile is also called ''Baḥr al-Jabal'' or ''Baḥr el-Jebel'' in Arabic.
}} --&gt;
* Victoria Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri  [[Lake Victoria]] chani Lake Kyoga{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=5}}
* [[White Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Yellow Nile{{snd}} [[Wadi Howar]], mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Nile saha shɛli ha amaa ka nyɛ din daa kuui yuma din gari maa{{sfn| Dumont|2009|p=4}}
[[File:Nile River Sources.svg|thumb|alt= A map of northeast Africa. The Nile is visible as a meandering blue line, running vertically. The river starts at the bottom in green forested area, and goes upward then ends in a blue sea at the top.| The Nile has six [[Nile cataracts|cataracts]]{{efn| Some of the cataracts have been submerged by human-made reservoirs.}} and several sources.  ]]

{{clear}}[[File:Nile River Landmarks.svg|thumb|The waters of the Nile originate as rainfall in the mountains in the south and east regions of the Nile Basin.|alt=A map of northeast Africa, showing the location of several cities and tourist sights on the river]]

&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

====Sources and sinks: geographic basins====
[[Fil&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

e:Nile River discharge flow gauge locations.svg|thumb|The water balance tables of this article contain water flow information measured at the twelve stations shown in this map.&lt;ref name=HydroData/&gt;{{efn|name=StnNames}}|alt=A map of northeast Africa. The Nile River is drawn, and there are a dozen landmarks shown on the map, at various points of the river]]

{|   class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible  mw-uncollapsed nowrap defaultright col1left sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Geographic basin water balance (annual)&lt;ref name=HydroData&gt;{{harvnb|Senay|2014|loc=Tables 3,4,5 and 6;  Sec 3.5.5 (Source/Sink)}}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|name=exclGERD}}{{efn|name=TableLegend|Hydrology Table Legend:{{sfn|Senay|2014}}
* ''Precip'' - Precipitation (P)
* ''Evap''- Evapotranspiration (ET)
* ''Water Bal'' - Precip-ET
* ''Discharge'' - River flow at measuring station (average of the entire year)
* ''Source or Sink '' - Is basin a significant source or sink of water?
}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin's&lt;br /&gt;downstream&lt;br /&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 1 [[Lake Victoria]] outlet{{efn|Measured at [[Nalubaale dam]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (74) || 264,259 || 353   || 279   || 57
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2 [[Murchison Falls]]{{efn|Measured at [[Paara (Uganda)]], slightly downstream from Murchison Falls.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (15) || 85,513 || 109   || 94     || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |3 [[Mongalla, South Sudan|Mongalla]]{{efn|Measured at [[Mongalla, South Sudan]], about 40 km downstream (north) of [[Juba]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) || 131,691 || 159 || 158    || 5
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 4 [[Malakal]]{{efn|Malakal is after the confluence of the White Nile and Sobat. It includes both [[Bahr el Ghazal River|Bahr el Ghazal]] and [[Sobat River]] tributaries.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−159)  || 925,160|| 798   || 957   || 150
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |5 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Measured at [[Al Mogran]] before the Blue Nile confluence (includes only the White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |{{D-N|Sink}} (−40) || 257,130 || 134   || 174   || 14
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 6 [[Roseires Dam|Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
| {{D-P|Source}} (105) ||  188,296|| 246  || 142 || 70
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |7 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Includes only Blue Nile (excludes White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
| {{D-W|Neutral}} (10) || 118,651|| 96  || 72   || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |8 [[Khashm el Girba]]{{efn|Roughly at the midpoint of the Atbarah river.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 | {{D-P|Source}} (30) ||  100,318|| 95   || 66  || 10
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 9 Mouth of [[Atbarah River]]{{efn |Measured at the Kilo3 station, where the Atbarah joins the Nile.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (−3) || 104,051 || 22  || 25 || 1
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 11 [[Aswan Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  188,011||2 || 13  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |12 [[Cairo]]/[[Nile Delta|Delta]]{{efn|Station is El Ekhsase, near Cairo. Basin data includes the Nile Delta, even though the delta is downstream of the station.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2, Sec 2.2.5}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  145,293||3  || 12  || 0
|}

[[File:The Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea (iss071e405499).jpg | thumb | The Nile (bottom) flows through Egypt's desert, which was much wetter during the [[African humid period]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Humid&quot;&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Kuper |Kröpelin|2006 |pp=803–807}}.  Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Bunbury|2023 |pp=47,57}}. Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Shoup|2017|loc=Articles: &quot;Culture of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of Egypt: Ancient&quot;, &quot;History of Sudan: Ancient Kush and Nubia&quot;, &quot;Atbara River&quot;}}. Nubian (Sudanese) culture in Sudan.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; |alt=A satellite photo of Egypt, showing mostly sandy ground, with a dark, meandering river flowing through the sand, emptying into a sea. ]]

[[File:Journey to Abydos, Tomb of Pairy MET DT10886.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|alt=A painting on a wall of a boat on a river, with Ancient Egyptians rowing it|Ancient Egyptians used boats extensively for transport. This image is from the [[TT139|Tomb of Pairy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ancientTransport&quot;&gt;
{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Van de Moortel|2007}}.
|{{harvnb|Creasman|2010}}. 
}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

===Post-colonial era===
[[File:Großer Tempel (Abu Simbel) 31.jpg|thumb|The [[Abu Simbel|Abu Simbel temples]] were relocated to higher ground when the [[Aswan High Dam]] was built and submerged their original location.{{sfn|Fleming  |Lothian |1997 |pp=135-136}} 
|alt=A huge rock sculpture of four kings sitting on thrones.]]
Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa deegi bɛ maŋsulinsi Britain yuuni 1950s sunsuuni.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-23}}{{efn|name=EgyptIndep|Egypt became nominally independent in 1922, but Britain maintained control of foreign policy and kept armed forces near the Suez Canal.  Full independence was achieved in 1957 after the [[Suez Crisis]].{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|pp=63-68}}}} Yuuni 1959 Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa labi lihi bɛ yuuni 1929 kom laɣim yuusi saawara. Bɛ ni daa labi gbaai saawara shɛli maa nyɛla din daa wuhi ni bɛ yɛn laɣimi yuusiri kom ŋɔ, ka daa yɛlli ni Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yɛn yuusiri kom maa kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 55.5 mini 18.5 billion cubic meters gabaadaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=122–123}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|pp=22–24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbani shɛŋa din be mɔɣili maa zuɣusaa nyɛla bɛ ni daa yihi shɛba lala saawara maa gbaabu ni, di shɛli nyɛ Ethiopia ka di gba nyɛ din tiri mɔɣili maa kom.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}

Yuuni 1959 saawara ŋɔ gbaabu maa nyɛla din daa ti Egypt mini Sudan soli ni bɛ gbi kulibɔna ka di nyɛ binshɛli bɛ ni daa niŋ: Egypt nyɛla ban daa gbi Aswan High Dam (di nyɛla din daa naai yuuni 1970); Sudan nyɛla ban daa gbi  [[Khashm el-Girba Dam]] (1964), [[Roseires Dam]] (1966), [[Merowe Dam]] (2009), n ti pahi [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex]] (2017).{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}{{efn|The 1959 agreement also provided for financial compensation paid from Egypt to Sudan for the displacement of [[Nubians]] as a result of the new reservoir behind the Aswan High Dam.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-24}}}}

[[File:GERD 3.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025, generates over 5 gigawatts.{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}}|alt=A photograph of large concrete dam and the reservoir it creates.  The photo is taken from an aerial viewpoint, looking down from above.  Large plumes of white water spray over a spillway.]]
[[File:Desert agriculture in Egypt (Copernicus 2024-02-03).jpg|thumb|alt=An aerial photograph of a yellow sandy desert to the west of the Nile. Over forty green circles are visible, where irrigation water has been used to grow crops.|These crops in Egypt (near the [[Toshka Lakes]]) are the result of [[New Valley Project|an irrigation system]] that pumps Nile water out of [[Lake Nasser]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|&quot;Desert Agriculture&quot;, ''Copernicus Programme''}}.
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=84–85}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
]]
{{efn|This table only includes hydropower stations with capacities over 100 MW.  Smaller stations including [[Assiut Barrage]], [[Jebel Aulia Dam]], [[Naga Hammadi dam]], [[Esna Power Plant]], and  [[Tis Abay I, II]]   are not included. Hydropower stations ''outside'' the Nile Basin are not included, such as Ethiopia's [[Gilgel Gibe I Dam|Gilgel Gibe Dams I]], [[Gilgel Gibe II Dam|II]], and [[Gilgel Gibe III Dam|III]].}}
{| class= &quot;wikitable defaultright col2center col5center sortable&quot;
|+ Major hydropower stations in the Nile Basin{{efn|Colors in the &quot;Landmark&quot; column indicate the country in which the hydropower station is located.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Hydropower&lt;br&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nearby&lt;br&gt;landmark
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year&lt;br&gt;completed
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Nameplate capacity|Power]]&lt;br&gt;(MW, in 2025)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Tributary
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Aswan Low Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan, Egypt]]}} ||1902, 1912, 1933, 1985||  550{{sfn|&quot;Aswan Low Dam&quot;, ''Egypt MOEE'' }} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Aswan High Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan]] Egypt}} || 1970 || 2,100{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=149}} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Merowe Dam]]
| {{WinDL|[[Merowe, Sudan]]  }}|| 2009 || 1,250{{sfn|&quot;Merowe Dam - Sudan&quot;, '' Abu Dhabi Fund for Development''}}  || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex|Upper Atbara and Setit]]
| {{WinDL| [[Showak|Showak, Sudan]] }}||  2017  || 320{{sfn|&quot;Upper Atbara Dam&quot;,  ''OPEC Fund for International Development''}}  || [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]] and [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Roseires Dam]]
| {{WinDL| [[Er Roseires|Er Roseires, Sudan]]}} || 1966, 2013  || 280{{sfn|&quot;Roseires Dam&quot;, ''IHA''}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Beles Hydroelectric Power Plant|Tana Beles]]
| {{partial|[[Lake Tana|Lake Tana, Ethiopia]]}} || 2010 || 460{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || [[Beles River]], Blue Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Tekezé Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Tekezé River|Tekezé River, Ethiopia]]}} || 2009 || 300{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}}    || [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]], [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Bameza|Bameza, Ethiopia]] }}|| 2020 || 5,150{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Fincha Hydroelectric Power Station|Fincha]]
| {{partial| [[Fincha'a|Fincha'a, Ethiopia]]}} || 1973|| 134{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || Blue Nile (Chomen Lake) 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station|Karuma]]
| {{nom|  [[Karuma Falls|Karuma Falls, Uganda ]]}} || 2024 || 600{{sfn|&quot;Karuma&quot;, ''Uganda Radio Network''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Isimba Hydroelectric Power Station|Isimba]]
| {{nom| [[Kamuli District|Kamuli District, Uganda]]}}|| 2019 || 183{{sfn|&quot;Isimba Power Station&quot;, ''UEGCL''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Bujagali Hydroelectric Power Station|Bujagali]]
| {{nom| [[Bujagali Falls|Bujagali Falls, Uganda]]}}|| 2012|| 250{{sfn|Griffin|2018}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Kiira Hydroelectric Power Station|Kiira]]
| {{nom| [[Kimaka|Kimaka, Uganda]]}}|| 2003 || 200{{sfn|Angurini|2021}} || Victoria Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Nalubaale Hydroelectric Power Station|Nalubaale]]
| {{nom| [[Jinja, Uganda]]}} || 1954|| 180{{Sfn|Tumwesigye|2011|p=10}}  ||   Victoria Nile
|}
 &lt;!-- 
{{
efn|
The river has several major cities on or near its banks including Cairo, [[Khartoum]], [[Juba]], and [[Kampala]]. These cities have hotels and facilities for tourists, such as the [[Speke Resort and Conference Center]], opened in Kampala in 2007.{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|p=217}} 
}} --&gt;

== In culture==

===Art and literature===
{{Multiple image
| width             = 
| total_width       = 425
| perrow            = 2

| image1            = Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes, Tomb of Menna MET DT10878.jpg
| alt1              = A painting of two boats on a river, with ancient Egyptian men and women standing on the boats, catching fish from the river.  
| caption1          = This ancient Egyptian artwork, &quot;Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes&quot;, is within the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]].{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}

| image2            =Maler der Grabkammer des Menna 003.jpg
| alt2            = A painting of some dead fish, from the Tomb of Menna
| caption2          = A [[Nile crocodile]] eating fish.{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}{{efn|Detail of larger artwork in the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]]{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}} }}
 
| image3            = 0 Mosaïque à scène mytholgique - villa Severi - Pal. Massimo 3.JPG
| alt3              = A large mosaic artwork.  It is a landscape of a river, with animals and people in the river, including crocodiles and hippos.
| caption3          = [[Nilotic landscape]]s, such as this 2nd century Roman  mosaic, often displayed crocodiles and hippos.&lt;ref name=Nilotic_Egyptian/&gt;

| image4            = New Wing, Vatican Museums (25497052238) (cropped).jpg
| alt4              = A large marble sculpture, inside a formal room. The main object is a reclining nude man, surrounded by many children, as well as some animals.
| caption4          = ''[[Personification of the River Nile]]'' is a colossal marble sculpture from {{circa}} 2nd century CE Rome{{snd}}now in the [[Vatican Museum]].&lt;ref name=colossal/&gt;

}}
T{{clear }}

==Kundivihira ==
===Footnotes===
{{notelist}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Betancourt|2007|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=Introduction to Aegean Art
 |first1= P.P
 |last1=Betancourt
| author-link=Philip Betancourt
| isbn= 9781623030841
| year= 2007
 | url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoae0000beta
| publisher= [[Institute for Aegean Prehistory]]
| access-date= 1 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Bunbury  |2023|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=River Culture 
 |chapter = The Egyptian Nile
 | editor-last=Wantzen 
 |editor-first= Karl M.
 |first1= Judith 
 |last1= Bunbury 
 |display-authors=etal
 |pages = 43–78 
| author-link= Judith Bunbury
| isbn=  9789231005404
|doi=10.54677/HHMI3947
| year= 2023
 | url= https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 
| publisher= [[UNESCO]]
| access-date= 10 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Camberlin|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =307–333
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/307
| chapter = Nile Basin Climates
| first= Pierre
| last = Camberlin
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Collins|2002|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title= The Nile
 |first1= Robert 
 |last1= Collins
| author-link= Robert O. Collins
| isbn=  9780300097641
| year= 2002
 | url= https://archive.org/details/nile00robe
| publisher=  [[Yale University Press]]
| access-date= 16 March 2026
}}  The &quot;Bibliographical Essay&quot; (pp. 245{{ndash}}248) lists books about the Nile River.

&lt;!--{{sfn|Dumont |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 1–22
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/1
| chapter = A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources
| first= Henri
| last = Dumont
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Eggermont |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 243–262
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/883
| chapter = Rwenzori Mountains (Mountains of the Moon): Headwaters of the Nile
| first= Hilde
| last = Eggermont
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|Dumont|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 95–124
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/95
| chapter =  The Fayum Depression
| first1= Gamal
| last1 = El-Shabrawy
| first2= Henri
| last2 = Dumont
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 125–156
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/125
| chapter =  Lake Nasser-Nubia
| first1= Gamal
| last1 = El-Shabrawy
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Sheekh |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 395–406
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/395
| chapter =   River Nile Pollutants and Their Effect on Life Forms and Water Quality
| first1=  Mostafa 
| last1 = El-Sheekh
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Embabi   |2018  | pp=&gt;? }} --&gt; 
* {{Cite book 
|last=Embabi 
|first=N.S.
 |title=Landscapes and Landforms of Egypt
 |year=2018
 |isbn=9783319656595
|publisher=[[Springer Nature]]
 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8_4
|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8
 |access-date=4 February 2020 
|archive-date=4 February 2020 
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204215026/https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8
 |url-status=live
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Faulkner|1964 |p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |first= Raymond
 |last = Faulkner
 |author-link =  Raymond O. Faulkner
 |title= A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian
 |year=  1964 
 |orig-year=  1962  
 |publisher = [[Griffith Institute]]
 |url=  https://archive.org/details/concisedictionar0000faul/
 |access-date = 26 March 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Fierro|Nyer|2007|p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | last1 =  Fierro
| first1 =  Pedro
| first2 =  Evan K.
| last2 =  Nyer
 | title = The Water Encyclopedia: Hydrologic Data and Internet Resources
 | publisher = [[CRC Press]]
| year =  2007
 | isbn = 9781420012583 
 | url  = https://archive.org/details/waterencyclopedi0000unse_j5x4
 | access-date = 24 March 2026
 }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Fleming |Lothian  |1997 |p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | last1 = Fleming
| first1 = Fergus 
| first2 = Alan
| last2 = Lothian
 | title = The Way to Eternity: Egyptian Myth
 | publisher = Duncan Baird 
| year = 1997
 | isbn = 0705435032
 | url =https://archive.org/details/waytoeternityegy00flem
 }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Gardiner|1964|p =?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |first= Alan
 |last = Gardiner
 |author-link = Alan Gardiner
 |title=Egyptian Grammar  
 |year= 1964 
 |edition =3rd
 |orig-year= 1927
 |publisher = [[Oxford University Press ]]
 |url=https://archive.org/details/egyptiangrammar0000alan 
 |access-date = 26 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 499–520
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/499
| chapter = The Oligochaeta of the Nile Basin Revisited 
| first= Samir
| last = Ghabbour
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =205–214
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/205
| chapter =  The Kyoga Catchment
| first= Jim
| last = Green
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 705–720
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/705
| chapter =   Birds of the Nile
| first= Jim
| last = Green
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|El-Moghraby|2009|pp=???}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 193–204
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/193
| chapter = Swamps of the Upper White Nile
| first1= Jim
| last1 = Green
| first2= Asim
| last2 = El-Moghraby
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hamilton |2016|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=Luganda Dictionary and Grammar 
 |first1=  Alan
 |last1= Hamilton
| isbn=  9780954149611
| year=    2016 
 | url= https://archive.org/details/lugandadictionar0000hami
| publisher=  Alan Hamilton
| access-date= 31 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Hamza|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 75–94
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/75
| chapter = The Nile Delta
| first= Waleed
| last = Hamza
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hart|2005|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last=Hart
|first=George
|author-link=George Hart (Egyptologist)
|title=The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
|edition=Second
|year=2005
|publisher=[[Routledge]]
|isbn=  0415344956
|url=https://archive.org/details/edg-the-routledge-dictionary-of-egyptian-gods
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|Holl|2025|pp=355–375}} 
* {{cite book
|last1=Holl
 |first1=Augustin
 |title=General History of Africa
 |volume=IX: General history of Africa Revisited 
 |chapter =Ancient Civilizations of Africa
|publisher=[[UNESCO]]
|pages=355–375
|year=2025
|isbn=9789231008092
|chapter-url = https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000396045?posInSet=1&amp;queryId=N-EXPLORE-612fe50c-9ec6-4256-8bd3-7b7ec50033a7
|access-date=2 February 2026
}}--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hornung|1982|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last=Hornung
|first=Erik
|author-link=Erik Hornung
|translator-first=John
|translator-last=Baines
|translator-link= John Baines (Egyptologist)
|others=Original in German.
|title=Conceptions of God in Egypt: The One and the Many
|publisher=[[Cornell University Press]]
|year=1982
|orig-year= 1971
| isbn=9780801412233
| url= https://archive.org/details/conceptionsofgod0000horn_q6b3
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hughes|1992|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last1=Hughes
|first1=Ralph H.
|display-authors=etal
|title=IUCN Directory of African Wetlands
 |url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1992-007.pdf
|access-date=2013-03-25
 |year=1992
|publisher= [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]]
|isbn=9782880329495
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Lehman|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =215–242
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/215
| chapter =   Lake Victoria
| first=  John
| last = Lehman
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last= Murray
|first= G. W.
|title=An English-Nubian Comparative Dictionary
|year= 1923
|publisher= [[Humphrey Milford]], [[Oxford University Press]]
|url=https://archive.org/details/englishnubiancom0004gwmu_4
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Okidi|1994|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Okidi
 |first=C. O.
 |editor-first1=P.P.
 |editor-last1=Howell
 |editor-first2=J. J.
 |editor-last2=Alan
 |isbn=9780521450409
 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521450409/page/321
 |access-date=12 January 2026
 |title=The Nile: Sharing a Scarce Resource
 |chapter=History of the Nile and Lake Victoria Basins through Treaties
 |pages=321–350
 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
 |year=1994
}}

 &lt;!-- {{sfn|Redford  |2001|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |year=   2001
 |title=   Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
 | volume = 2
 |editor-last1= Redford  
 |editor-first1=   Donald B.
|editor-link1=  Donald B. Redford
 |publisher= Oxford University Press
 |url=   https://archive.org/details/oxfordencyclopediaofancientegyptvolume2
 |access-date=26 March 2026
 |isbn=  0195138228 
}}

 &lt;!-- {{sfn|Redford  |2001a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |year=   2001a
 |title=   Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
 | volume =3
 |editor-last1= Redford  
 |editor-first1=   Donald B.
|editor-link1=  Donald B. Redford
 |publisher= Oxford University Press
 |url=  https://archive.org/details/oxfordencyclopediaofancientegyptvolume3
 |access-date=26 March 2026
 |isbn=  0195138236
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Roach|2025|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=  Roach
 |first= Steven
 |year=  2025
 |chapter=Introduction: Nile Basin Politics and its Challenges
 |pages=1–16
 |title=Nile Basin Politics: From Coordinated to Cooperative Peace 
 |editor-last1=  Roach
 |editor-first1= Steven
 |editor-last2=  Hudson
 |editor-first2= Derrick
 |publisher= [[Edward Elgar Publishing]]
 |url=  https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollbook/book/9781803927176/9781803927176.xml
 | doi=10.4337/9781803927176
 |access-date=15 January 2026
 |isbn=  9781803927176 
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Robins|2008|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title= The Art of Ancient Egypt
  | last =Robins
  | first= Gay
 | author-link= Gay Robins
  |  isbn=9780674030657
  |  url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YD-z8hmdUMIC
  |access-date= 24 February 2026
 |   year=2008
 | orig-year=1997
  |  publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]
}}
 
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Rosenthal|2005}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=  Rosenthal
 |first= Lisa
 |year=  2005
 |title=Gender, Politics, and Allegory in the Art of Rubens
 |publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/genderpoliticsal0000rose
 |access-date=15 December 2025
 |isbn= 9780521842440
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Said|1993}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Said
 |first=Rushdi
 |author-link=Rushdi Said
 |year=1993
 |title=The River Nile: Geology, Hydrology, and Utilization
 |publisher=[[Pergamon Press]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/rivernilegeology0000said 
 |access-date=11 February 2026
 |isbn= 0080418864
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Schama|1995|pp=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Schama
 |first=Simon
|author-link=Simon Schama
 |year=1995
 |isbn=9780679402558
 |title=Landscape and Memory
 |publisher=[[A.A. Knopf]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/landscapememory0000scha_k7e4
 |access-date=15 December 2025
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Shahin|2002}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last=Shahin
 |first=Mamdouh
 |url=https://archive.org/details/hydrologywaterre0000shah
 |title=Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa
 |date=2002
 |publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
 |isbn=9781402008665
 | access-date=7 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Shoup|2017|loc= articleName }} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |  title=The Nile: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture
  |  last=Shoup
 |first= John A.
  | display-authors=etal
  |  isbn=9798216123323 
  |  url=https://archive.org/details/the-nile-an-encyclopedia-of-geography-history-and-culture
  | access-date= 14 February 2026
  |  year=2017
  |  publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] / [[ABC-CLIO]]
}} EBook.  The hardcover is {{isbn|9781440840401}}.

 &lt;!-- {{sfn| Siliotti|1997|p=?}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |  title=Guide to the Valley of the Kings
 |   last =Siliotti
 | first= Alberto
 | author-link = Alberto Siliotti
 |   isbn=9780760733257
  |  url=https://books.google.com/books?id=owicnQAACAAJ
 | access-date= 24 February 2026
  |  year=1997
  |  publisher=[[Barnes &amp; Noble ]]
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn| Smith|1878}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last= Smith
 |first= William
|author-link = William Smith (lexicographer)
 |url= https://archive.org/details/anewclassicaldi00unkngoog
 |title=A New Classical Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography, Mythology And Geography
 |date= 1878
 |publisher= [[Harper &amp; Brothers]]
 |lccn=04035163
 |access-date=7 January 2026
}}
 
&lt;!-- {{sfn| Stokes|2009 |p=??}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last=  Stokes
 |first=  Jamie
 |url= https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpe0000unse_h6k0 
 |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East
 |volume=2
 |date= 2009 
  |isbn=9781438126760
 |publisher=  [[Facts On File]]
 |access-date=13 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 334–364
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/334
| chapter = The Hydrology of the Nile Basin
| first= John
| last = Sutcliffe
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talbot|Williams|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 37–60
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/37
| chapter =   Cenozoic Evolution of the Nile Basin  
| first1=     Michael 
| last1 =  Talbot
| first2=     Martin
| last2 =  Williams
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talling|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 23–34
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/23
| chapter =     History of Scientific Research
| first=    Jack 
| last = Talling
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talling|2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 367–394
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/367
| chapter =  Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics
| first=    Jack 
| last = Talling
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Tian|2025|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
| title =Ancient Egypt in Video Games
|editor-first=Jennifer 
|editor-last=  Cromwell
| isbn = 9783111534022
|year=2025
|  publisher = [[de Gruyter Oldenbourg]]
| chapter = Pharaohs, Labourers and Wonder Builders: Illustrating Ancient Egypt with Game Mechanics in Strategy Games 
| pages = 87–110
| last= Tian 
|first=Tian
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Tvedt|2021}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | title= The Nile: History's Greatest River
 | last=Tvedt
 | first= Terje
 | author-link = Terje Tvedt
 | isbn= 9780755616800
 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=brYsEAAAQBAJ
 | access-date= 10 December 2025
 | year= 2021
 | publisher= [[Bloomsbury Publishing]]
 }}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Van Damme| Bocxlaer|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| series=Monographiae Biologicae
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 585–630
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/585
| chapter = Freshwater Molluscs of the Nile Basin, Past and Present
| first1= Dirk
| last1 = Van Damme
| first2= Bert
| last2 = Bocxlaer
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|Versluys|2002 |pp=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
|last1= Versluys
|first1=  M. J.
|year= 2002
|title=Aegyptiaca Romana : Nilotic Scenes and the Roman Views of Egypt
|publisher=  [[Brill Publishers]]
|url= https://archive.org/details/aegyptiacaromana0000vers
|access-date=15 January 2026
| isbn = 9004124403
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Vijverberg|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 163–192
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/163
| chapter =   Lake Tana: Source of the Blue Nile
| first=    Jacobus
| last = Vijverberg
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Warren| 2006 | p =352  }}. --&gt; 
* {{Cite book
 |last=Warren
 |first=John 
 |url=https://archive.org/details/evaporitessedime0000warr
 |title=Evaporites: Sediments, Resources and Hydrocarbons
 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]
 |year=2006 
|isbn=3540260110   
 |url-access=registration
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Williams |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 61–72
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/61
| chapter = Late Quaternary Environments in Nile Basin
| first= Martin
| last = Williams
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Williams |2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 771–780
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/771
| chapter = Human Impact on Nile Basin
| first= Martin
| last = Williams
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Witte |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 647–676
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/647
| chapter =   Fish Fauna of the Nile 
| first=     Frans  
| last =  Witte 
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Witte |2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 723–748
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/723
| chapter =  Fisheries of the Nile System 
| first=     Frans  
| last =  Witte 
| display-authors=etal
}}

====Journals and websites====

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abdelsalam|2018}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Abdelsalam |first1=Mohamed G.
|title=The Nile's journey through space and time: A geological perspective
|journal=Earth-Science Reviews
|date=February 2018
|volume=177
|pages=742–773
|doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.01.010
|doi-access=free |bibcode=2018ESRv..177..742A
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abdullah|2020}} 
* {{cite journal
|display-author1=1 |ref={{sfnref|Abdullah|2020}}
|last1=Abdullah |first1=Al-Noor |last2=Rahman |first2=Sanzidur |last3=Essex |first3=Stephen |last4=Benhin |first4=James
|title=Economic Contributions of Mega-Dam Infrastructure as Perceived by Local and Displaced Communities: A Case Study of Merowe Dam, Sudan
|journal=Agriculture |date=12 June 2020 |volume=10 |issue=6
|article-number=227
|doi=10.3390/agriculture10060227 |doi-access=free
}}
--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abotalib|2023}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Abotalib|2023}}
|last1=Abotalib |first1=Abotalib Z. |last2=Abdelhady |first2=Ahmed A. |last3=Heggy |first3=Essam |last4=Salem |first4=Salem G. |last5=Ismail |first5=Esam |last6=Ali |first6=Ahmed |last7=Khalil |first7=Mahmoud M. |title=Irreversible and Large-Scale Heavy Metal Pollution Arising From Increased Damming and Untreated Water Reuse in the Nile Delta
|journal=Earth's Future |date=March 2023 |volume=11 |issue=3
|article-number=e2022EF002987
|doi=10.1029/2022EF002987 |doi-access= free
|bibcode=2023EaFut..1102987A
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn| Alnaqbi|2022}} 
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Alnaqbi|2022}}
|last1=Alnaqbi |first1=Shaima |last2=Alasad |first2=Shamma |last3=Aljaghoub |first3=Haya |last4=Alami |first4=Abdul |last5=Abdelkareem |first5=Mohammad |last6=Olabi |first6=Abdul |title=Applicability of Hydropower Generation and Pumped Hydro Energy Storage in the Middle East and North Africa
|journal=Energies |date=25 March 2022 |volume=15 |issue=7
|article-number=2412
|doi=10.3390/en15072412 |doi-access=free
}}
--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Angurini|2021}} --&gt;
* {{cite news
 |url= https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/business/finance/eskom-invests-in-kiira-dam-water-controllers-3379660
 | title= Eskom Invests in Kiira Dam Water Controllers
| newspaper= [[Daily Monitor]]
|date=   2021
 |first=  Tom
| last=   Angurini
 |access-date=8 February 2026
 |location= Uganda
|oclc=	44216472
}}</text>
      <sha1>qi0pirrrihhfvfovui8tvqm2twshdsh</sha1>
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      <text bytes="47571" sha1="1mg64r388xbfqp8c0iecajz9lnyyy8w" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Major river in northeast Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

'''Nile''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zɔri gindi [[Africa]] wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Mediterranean teeku ni. Di waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 7,088, di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari dunia zaa mɔɣa,{{efn|name=longest}} amaa ti yi kana ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili maa puuni di nyɛla din pɔra ni Amazon mini [[Congo River|Congo]]. Nile nyɛla din mali taarihi zaŋ jandi gbaŋsabila biɛhisi shee, daabilim  n-ti pahi kaya ni taada taarihi

Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi ayi: dinima nyɛ White Nile mini Blue Nile. White Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din waɣa ka nyɛ so'kam ni saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ din tiri Nile kom amaa  Blue Nile nyɛla din mali kom viɛnyɛla kamani buyi zuɣu gari White Nile. White Nile nyɛla din piligi miri [[Lake Victoria]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gindi Uganda mini South Sudan ka   Blue Nile mi nyɛ din piligi miri Lake Tana din be Ethiopia ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chaŋ hali ni Sudan. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Sudannima tiŋ zuɣu Khartoum. Bin din gbaai ni Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo n chaŋ nti gari Nubian Desert n saa gari chaŋ Egypt tiŋ zuɣu [[Cairo]] ka di yi zo n lu Mediterranean teeku din miri [[Alexandria]].

Nile mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din paai yuma kamani 15,000. Di nyɛla din zɔri gindi kamani tiŋgbana pin'yini. Nile kom nyɛla din yirina saa mibu ni, sa'kom din yirina [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]. Tiŋgbana kamani {{snd}}[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]] n-ti pahi South Sudan nyɛla tiŋgbani shɛŋa din bi tooi nyari saa ka dizuɣu chɛ ka bɛ tooi mali mɔɣa niŋdi pukparilim. tiŋgbani shɛŋa din gba lahi be bee yaɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be Nile Basin nyɛ [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Eritrea]] nti pahi [[Rwanda]].

== Yuya mini gbunni ==

Silimiinsili bachi &quot;Nile&quot; nyɛla din yina [[Latin]] {{lang|la|Nilus}} mini  [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|Νεῖλος}} (Neilos) ka di nyɛ din yina Semitic bachi ''naḥal'', ka di gbunni nyɛ mɔɣili.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}
{{Quote box|align=right|width=30|[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] for {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}},&lt;br&gt;the word for 'river' or 'Nile':{{sfn|Gardiner|1964|pp=43,623}}{{efn|Other hieroglyphs for 'river' are presented in {{harvnb|Faulkner|1964|p=33}} and {{harvnb|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}.
}}  &lt;hiero&gt;M17-X1:D21-G43-N35:N35:N35&lt;/hiero&gt;
}}
Saha shɛli maa ha Egyptnima balli ni, lala bachi Ŋɔ nyɛla yuusiri shɛli zaŋ n-ti 'Nile' mini mɔɣili': {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}}.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}} Egyptnima nyɛla ban booni bɛ tiŋgbani {{lang|egy-latn|kmt}} ka di gbunni nyɛ  'sabinli',  di nyɛla din jandi sabinli zaŋ n-ti i Nile kom nahingbaŋ.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=339, 470}} Silimiinsili yuli  &quot;Blue Nile&quot; nyɛla lɛbiginsim din yina Larigu yuli ''Al-Baḥr Al-Azraq''.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}&lt;!--
{{efn|The waters of the Blue Nile are very dark during the winter flood season, as they carry vast amounts of sediment downstream.{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|pp=503-504}} 
}} --&gt;

Saha ŋɔ mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali bɔbugu Nile Basin. Egypt tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli ''Al-Nīl'', ''Baḥr Al-Nīl'' bee ''Nahr Al-Nīl''.&lt;ref name=Barh&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Badawi|2003 |p=717}}.
|{{harvnb|Hurst|2025}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--
{{efn|''Bahr'' is 'sea'; ''Nahr'' is 'river'.&lt;ref name=Barh/&gt;
}} --&gt; South Sudan tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli Arabic ''Baḥr el-Jebel'', {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}} ka di gbunni nyɛ 'Mountain River'.{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=6}}  Uganda tiŋgbani, ninvuɣ shɛba ban yɛri Luganda nyɛla ban booni li ''Kiyira''.{{sfn|Hamilton |2016|p=66}} Nubian niriba zaŋ n-ti Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yuusiri [[Nobiin language|Nobiin]] yuli ''Áman Dawū'' ('Great Water').{{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=8}}

Di nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi (mɔɣ'bihi shɛŋa dabam gba nyɛla din chaŋ na nti chirigi Nile) di shɛŋa nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ: 
* Albert Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Lake Albert chani Nimule&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Dumont|2009|pp=5,6,40}}.
|{{harvnb| Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Black Nile{{snd}}Yuli shɛli dabam zaŋ n-ti Atbarah mɔɣili &lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Haupt|1926|p=305}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Blue Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Kyoga Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka din zɔri yiri [[Lake Kyoga]] chani Lake Albert{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}
* Main Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Blue Nile mini White Nile{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=4}} 
* [[Mountain Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Uganda chani South Sudan{{sfn|Talling|2009|p=390}}&lt;!-- 
{{efn|The Mountain Nile is also called ''Baḥr al-Jabal'' or ''Baḥr el-Jebel'' in Arabic.
}} --&gt;
* Victoria Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri  [[Lake Victoria]] chani Lake Kyoga{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=5}}
* [[White Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Yellow Nile{{snd}} [[Wadi Howar]], mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Nile saha shɛli ha amaa ka nyɛ din daa kuui yuma din gari maa{{sfn| Dumont|2009|p=4}}
[[File:Nile River Sources.svg|thumb|alt= A map of northeast Africa. The Nile is visible as a meandering blue line, running vertically. The river starts at the bottom in green forested area, and goes upward then ends in a blue sea at the top.| The Nile has six [[Nile cataracts|cataracts]]{{efn| Some of the cataracts have been submerged by human-made reservoirs.}} and several sources.  ]]

{{clear}}[[File:Nile River Landmarks.svg|thumb|The waters of the Nile originate as rainfall in the mountains in the south and east regions of the Nile Basin.|alt=A map of northeast Africa, showing the location of several cities and tourist sights on the river]]

&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

====Sources and sinks: geographic basins====
[[Fil&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

e:Nile River discharge flow gauge locations.svg|thumb|The water balance tables of this article contain water flow information measured at the twelve stations shown in this map.&lt;ref name=HydroData/&gt;{{efn|name=StnNames}}|alt=A map of northeast Africa. The Nile River is drawn, and there are a dozen landmarks shown on the map, at various points of the river]]

{|   class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible  mw-uncollapsed nowrap defaultright col1left sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Geographic basin water balance (annual)&lt;ref name=HydroData&gt;{{harvnb|Senay|2014|loc=Tables 3,4,5 and 6;  Sec 3.5.5 (Source/Sink)}}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|name=exclGERD}}{{efn|name=TableLegend|Hydrology Table Legend:{{sfn|Senay|2014}}
* ''Precip'' - Precipitation (P)
* ''Evap''- Evapotranspiration (ET)
* ''Water Bal'' - Precip-ET
* ''Discharge'' - River flow at measuring station (average of the entire year)
* ''Source or Sink '' - Is basin a significant source or sink of water?
}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin's&lt;br /&gt;downstream&lt;br /&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 1 [[Lake Victoria]] outlet{{efn|Measured at [[Nalubaale dam]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (74) || 264,259 || 353   || 279   || 57
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2 [[Murchison Falls]]{{efn|Measured at [[Paara (Uganda)]], slightly downstream from Murchison Falls.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (15) || 85,513 || 109   || 94     || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |3 [[Mongalla, South Sudan|Mongalla]]{{efn|Measured at [[Mongalla, South Sudan]], about 40 km downstream (north) of [[Juba]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) || 131,691 || 159 || 158    || 5
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 4 [[Malakal]]{{efn|Malakal is after the confluence of the White Nile and Sobat. It includes both [[Bahr el Ghazal River|Bahr el Ghazal]] and [[Sobat River]] tributaries.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−159)  || 925,160|| 798   || 957   || 150
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |5 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Measured at [[Al Mogran]] before the Blue Nile confluence (includes only the White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |{{D-N|Sink}} (−40) || 257,130 || 134   || 174   || 14
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 6 [[Roseires Dam|Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
| {{D-P|Source}} (105) ||  188,296|| 246  || 142 || 70
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |7 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Includes only Blue Nile (excludes White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
| {{D-W|Neutral}} (10) || 118,651|| 96  || 72   || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |8 [[Khashm el Girba]]{{efn|Roughly at the midpoint of the Atbarah river.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 | {{D-P|Source}} (30) ||  100,318|| 95   || 66  || 10
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 9 Mouth of [[Atbarah River]]{{efn |Measured at the Kilo3 station, where the Atbarah joins the Nile.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (−3) || 104,051 || 22  || 25 || 1
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 11 [[Aswan Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  188,011||2 || 13  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |12 [[Cairo]]/[[Nile Delta|Delta]]{{efn|Station is El Ekhsase, near Cairo. Basin data includes the Nile Delta, even though the delta is downstream of the station.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2, Sec 2.2.5}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  145,293||3  || 12  || 0
|}

[[File:The Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea (iss071e405499).jpg | thumb | The Nile (bottom) flows through Egypt's desert, which was much wetter during the [[African humid period]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Humid&quot;&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Kuper |Kröpelin|2006 |pp=803–807}}.  Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Bunbury|2023 |pp=47,57}}. Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Shoup|2017|loc=Articles: &quot;Culture of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of Egypt: Ancient&quot;, &quot;History of Sudan: Ancient Kush and Nubia&quot;, &quot;Atbara River&quot;}}. Nubian (Sudanese) culture in Sudan.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; |alt=A satellite photo of Egypt, showing mostly sandy ground, with a dark, meandering river flowing through the sand, emptying into a sea. ]]

[[File:Journey to Abydos, Tomb of Pairy MET DT10886.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|alt=A painting on a wall of a boat on a river, with Ancient Egyptians rowing it|Ancient Egyptians used boats extensively for transport. This image is from the [[TT139|Tomb of Pairy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ancientTransport&quot;&gt;
{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Van de Moortel|2007}}.
|{{harvnb|Creasman|2010}}. 
}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

===Post-colonial era===
[[File:Großer Tempel (Abu Simbel) 31.jpg|thumb|The [[Abu Simbel|Abu Simbel temples]] were relocated to higher ground when the [[Aswan High Dam]] was built and submerged their original location.{{sfn|Fleming  |Lothian |1997 |pp=135-136}} 
|alt=A huge rock sculpture of four kings sitting on thrones.]]
Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa deegi bɛ maŋsulinsi Britain yuuni 1950s sunsuuni.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-23}}{{efn|name=EgyptIndep|Egypt became nominally independent in 1922, but Britain maintained control of foreign policy and kept armed forces near the Suez Canal.  Full independence was achieved in 1957 after the [[Suez Crisis]].{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|pp=63-68}}}} Yuuni 1959 Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa labi lihi bɛ yuuni 1929 kom laɣim yuusi saawara. Bɛ ni daa labi gbaai saawara shɛli maa nyɛla din daa wuhi ni bɛ yɛn laɣimi yuusiri kom ŋɔ, ka daa yɛlli ni Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yɛn yuusiri kom maa kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 55.5 mini 18.5 billion cubic meters gabaadaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=122–123}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|pp=22–24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbani shɛŋa din be mɔɣili maa zuɣusaa nyɛla bɛ ni daa yihi shɛba lala saawara maa gbaabu ni, di shɛli nyɛ Ethiopia ka di gba nyɛ din tiri mɔɣili maa kom.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}

Yuuni 1959 saawara ŋɔ gbaabu maa nyɛla din daa ti Egypt mini Sudan soli ni bɛ gbi kulibɔna ka di nyɛ binshɛli bɛ ni daa niŋ: Egypt nyɛla ban daa gbi Aswan High Dam (di nyɛla din daa naai yuuni 1970); Sudan nyɛla ban daa gbi  [[Khashm el-Girba Dam]] (1964), [[Roseires Dam]] (1966), [[Merowe Dam]] (2009), n ti pahi [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex]] (2017).{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}{{efn|The 1959 agreement also provided for financial compensation paid from Egypt to Sudan for the displacement of [[Nubians]] as a result of the new reservoir behind the Aswan High Dam.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-24}}}}

[[File:GERD 3.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025, generates over 5 gigawatts.{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}}|alt=A photograph of large concrete dam and the reservoir it creates.  The photo is taken from an aerial viewpoint, looking down from above.  Large plumes of white water spray over a spillway.]]
[[File:Desert agriculture in Egypt (Copernicus 2024-02-03).jpg|thumb|alt=An aerial photograph of a yellow sandy desert to the west of the Nile. Over forty green circles are visible, where irrigation water has been used to grow crops.|These crops in Egypt (near the [[Toshka Lakes]]) are the result of [[New Valley Project|an irrigation system]] that pumps Nile water out of [[Lake Nasser]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|&quot;Desert Agriculture&quot;, ''Copernicus Programme''}}.
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=84–85}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
]]
{{efn|This table only includes hydropower stations with capacities over 100 MW.  Smaller stations including [[Assiut Barrage]], [[Jebel Aulia Dam]], [[Naga Hammadi dam]], [[Esna Power Plant]], and  [[Tis Abay I, II]]   are not included. Hydropower stations ''outside'' the Nile Basin are not included, such as Ethiopia's [[Gilgel Gibe I Dam|Gilgel Gibe Dams I]], [[Gilgel Gibe II Dam|II]], and [[Gilgel Gibe III Dam|III]].}}
{| class= &quot;wikitable defaultright col2center col5center sortable&quot;
|+ Major hydropower stations in the Nile Basin{{efn|Colors in the &quot;Landmark&quot; column indicate the country in which the hydropower station is located.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Hydropower&lt;br&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nearby&lt;br&gt;landmark
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year&lt;br&gt;completed
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Nameplate capacity|Power]]&lt;br&gt;(MW, in 2025)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Tributary
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Aswan Low Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan, Egypt]]}} ||1902, 1912, 1933, 1985||  550{{sfn|&quot;Aswan Low Dam&quot;, ''Egypt MOEE'' }} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Aswan High Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan]] Egypt}} || 1970 || 2,100{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=149}} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Merowe Dam]]
| {{WinDL|[[Merowe, Sudan]]  }}|| 2009 || 1,250{{sfn|&quot;Merowe Dam - Sudan&quot;, '' Abu Dhabi Fund for Development''}}  || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex|Upper Atbara and Setit]]
| {{WinDL| [[Showak|Showak, Sudan]] }}||  2017  || 320{{sfn|&quot;Upper Atbara Dam&quot;,  ''OPEC Fund for International Development''}}  || [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]] and [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Roseires Dam]]
| {{WinDL| [[Er Roseires|Er Roseires, Sudan]]}} || 1966, 2013  || 280{{sfn|&quot;Roseires Dam&quot;, ''IHA''}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Beles Hydroelectric Power Plant|Tana Beles]]
| {{partial|[[Lake Tana|Lake Tana, Ethiopia]]}} || 2010 || 460{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || [[Beles River]], Blue Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Tekezé Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Tekezé River|Tekezé River, Ethiopia]]}} || 2009 || 300{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}}    || [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]], [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Bameza|Bameza, Ethiopia]] }}|| 2020 || 5,150{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Fincha Hydroelectric Power Station|Fincha]]
| {{partial| [[Fincha'a|Fincha'a, Ethiopia]]}} || 1973|| 134{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || Blue Nile (Chomen Lake) 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station|Karuma]]
| {{nom|  [[Karuma Falls|Karuma Falls, Uganda ]]}} || 2024 || 600{{sfn|&quot;Karuma&quot;, ''Uganda Radio Network''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Isimba Hydroelectric Power Station|Isimba]]
| {{nom| [[Kamuli District|Kamuli District, Uganda]]}}|| 2019 || 183{{sfn|&quot;Isimba Power Station&quot;, ''UEGCL''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Bujagali Hydroelectric Power Station|Bujagali]]
| {{nom| [[Bujagali Falls|Bujagali Falls, Uganda]]}}|| 2012|| 250{{sfn|Griffin|2018}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Kiira Hydroelectric Power Station|Kiira]]
| {{nom| [[Kimaka|Kimaka, Uganda]]}}|| 2003 || 200{{sfn|Angurini|2021}} || Victoria Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Nalubaale Hydroelectric Power Station|Nalubaale]]
| {{nom| [[Jinja, Uganda]]}} || 1954|| 180{{Sfn|Tumwesigye|2011|p=10}}  ||   Victoria Nile
|}
 &lt;!-- 
{{
efn|
The river has several major cities on or near its banks including Cairo, [[Khartoum]], [[Juba]], and [[Kampala]]. These cities have hotels and facilities for tourists, such as the [[Speke Resort and Conference Center]], opened in Kampala in 2007.{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|p=217}} 
}} --&gt;

== In culture==

===Art and literature===
{{Multiple image
| width             = 
| total_width       = 425
| perrow            = 2

| image1            = Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes, Tomb of Menna MET DT10878.jpg
| alt1              = A painting of two boats on a river, with ancient Egyptian men and women standing on the boats, catching fish from the river.  
| caption1          = This ancient Egyptian artwork, &quot;Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes&quot;, is within the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]].{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}

| image2            =Maler der Grabkammer des Menna 003.jpg
| alt2            = A painting of some dead fish, from the Tomb of Menna
| caption2          = A [[Nile crocodile]] eating fish.{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}{{efn|Detail of larger artwork in the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]]{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}} }}
 
| image3            = 0 Mosaïque à scène mytholgique - villa Severi - Pal. Massimo 3.JPG
| alt3              = A large mosaic artwork.  It is a landscape of a river, with animals and people in the river, including crocodiles and hippos.
| caption3          = [[Nilotic landscape]]s, such as this 2nd century Roman  mosaic, often displayed crocodiles and hippos.&lt;ref name=Nilotic_Egyptian/&gt;

| image4            = New Wing, Vatican Museums (25497052238) (cropped).jpg
| alt4              = A large marble sculpture, inside a formal room. The main object is a reclining nude man, surrounded by many children, as well as some animals.
| caption4          = ''[[Personification of the River Nile]]'' is a colossal marble sculpture from {{circa}} 2nd century CE Rome{{snd}}now in the [[Vatican Museum]].&lt;ref name=colossal/&gt;

}}
T{{clear }}

==Kundivihira ==
===Footnotes===
{{notelist}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Betancourt|2007|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=Introduction to Aegean Art
 |first1= P.P
 |last1=Betancourt
| author-link=Philip Betancourt
| isbn= 9781623030841
| year= 2007
 | url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoae0000beta
| publisher= [[Institute for Aegean Prehistory]]
| access-date= 1 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Bunbury  |2023|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=River Culture 
 |chapter = The Egyptian Nile
 | editor-last=Wantzen 
 |editor-first= Karl M.
 |first1= Judith 
 |last1= Bunbury 
 |display-authors=etal
 |pages = 43–78 
| author-link= Judith Bunbury
| isbn=  9789231005404
|doi=10.54677/HHMI3947
| year= 2023
 | url= https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 
| publisher= [[UNESCO]]
| access-date= 10 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Camberlin|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =307–333
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/307
| chapter = Nile Basin Climates
| first= Pierre
| last = Camberlin
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Collins|2002|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title= The Nile
 |first1= Robert 
 |last1= Collins
| author-link= Robert O. Collins
| isbn=  9780300097641
| year= 2002
 | url= https://archive.org/details/nile00robe
| publisher=  [[Yale University Press]]
| access-date= 16 March 2026
}}  The &quot;Bibliographical Essay&quot; (pp. 245{{ndash}}248) lists books about the Nile River.

&lt;!--{{sfn|Dumont |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 1–22
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/1
| chapter = A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources
| first= Henri
| last = Dumont
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Eggermont |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 243–262
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/883
| chapter = Rwenzori Mountains (Mountains of the Moon): Headwaters of the Nile
| first= Hilde
| last = Eggermont
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|Dumont|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 95–124
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/95
| chapter =  The Fayum Depression
| first1= Gamal
| last1 = El-Shabrawy
| first2= Henri
| last2 = Dumont
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 125–156
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/125
| chapter =  Lake Nasser-Nubia
| first1= Gamal
| last1 = El-Shabrawy
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Sheekh |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 395–406
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/395
| chapter =   River Nile Pollutants and Their Effect on Life Forms and Water Quality
| first1=  Mostafa 
| last1 = El-Sheekh
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Embabi   |2018  | pp=&gt;? }} --&gt; 
* {{Cite book 
|last=Embabi 
|first=N.S.
 |title=Landscapes and Landforms of Egypt
 |year=2018
 |isbn=9783319656595
|publisher=[[Springer Nature]]
 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8_4
|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8
 |access-date=4 February 2020 
|archive-date=4 February 2020 
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204215026/https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8
 |url-status=live
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Faulkner|1964 |p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |first= Raymond
 |last = Faulkner
 |author-link =  Raymond O. Faulkner
 |title= A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian
 |year=  1964 
 |orig-year=  1962  
 |publisher = [[Griffith Institute]]
 |url=  https://archive.org/details/concisedictionar0000faul/
 |access-date = 26 March 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Fierro|Nyer|2007|p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | last1 =  Fierro
| first1 =  Pedro
| first2 =  Evan K.
| last2 =  Nyer
 | title = The Water Encyclopedia: Hydrologic Data and Internet Resources
 | publisher = [[CRC Press]]
| year =  2007
 | isbn = 9781420012583 
 | url  = https://archive.org/details/waterencyclopedi0000unse_j5x4
 | access-date = 24 March 2026
 }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Fleming |Lothian  |1997 |p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | last1 = Fleming
| first1 = Fergus 
| first2 = Alan
| last2 = Lothian
 | title = The Way to Eternity: Egyptian Myth
 | publisher = Duncan Baird 
| year = 1997
 | isbn = 0705435032
 | url =https://archive.org/details/waytoeternityegy00flem
 }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Gardiner|1964|p =?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |first= Alan
 |last = Gardiner
 |author-link = Alan Gardiner
 |title=Egyptian Grammar  
 |year= 1964 
 |edition =3rd
 |orig-year= 1927
 |publisher = [[Oxford University Press ]]
 |url=https://archive.org/details/egyptiangrammar0000alan 
 |access-date = 26 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 499–520
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/499
| chapter = The Oligochaeta of the Nile Basin Revisited 
| first= Samir
| last = Ghabbour
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =205–214
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/205
| chapter =  The Kyoga Catchment
| first= Jim
| last = Green
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 705–720
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/705
| chapter =   Birds of the Nile
| first= Jim
| last = Green
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|El-Moghraby|2009|pp=???}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 193–204
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/193
| chapter = Swamps of the Upper White Nile
| first1= Jim
| last1 = Green
| first2= Asim
| last2 = El-Moghraby
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hamilton |2016|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=Luganda Dictionary and Grammar 
 |first1=  Alan
 |last1= Hamilton
| isbn=  9780954149611
| year=    2016 
 | url= https://archive.org/details/lugandadictionar0000hami
| publisher=  Alan Hamilton
| access-date= 31 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Hamza|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 75–94
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/75
| chapter = The Nile Delta
| first= Waleed
| last = Hamza
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hart|2005|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last=Hart
|first=George
|author-link=George Hart (Egyptologist)
|title=The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
|edition=Second
|year=2005
|publisher=[[Routledge]]
|isbn=  0415344956
|url=https://archive.org/details/edg-the-routledge-dictionary-of-egyptian-gods
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|Holl|2025|pp=355–375}} 
* {{cite book
|last1=Holl
 |first1=Augustin
 |title=General History of Africa
 |volume=IX: General history of Africa Revisited 
 |chapter =Ancient Civilizations of Africa
|publisher=[[UNESCO]]
|pages=355–375
|year=2025
|isbn=9789231008092
|chapter-url = https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000396045?posInSet=1&amp;queryId=N-EXPLORE-612fe50c-9ec6-4256-8bd3-7b7ec50033a7
|access-date=2 February 2026
}}--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hornung|1982|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last=Hornung
|first=Erik
|author-link=Erik Hornung
|translator-first=John
|translator-last=Baines
|translator-link= John Baines (Egyptologist)
|others=Original in German.
|title=Conceptions of God in Egypt: The One and the Many
|publisher=[[Cornell University Press]]
|year=1982
|orig-year= 1971
| isbn=9780801412233
| url= https://archive.org/details/conceptionsofgod0000horn_q6b3
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hughes|1992|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last1=Hughes
|first1=Ralph H.
|display-authors=etal
|title=IUCN Directory of African Wetlands
 |url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1992-007.pdf
|access-date=2013-03-25
 |year=1992
|publisher= [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]]
|isbn=9782880329495
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Lehman|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =215–242
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/215
| chapter =   Lake Victoria
| first=  John
| last = Lehman
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last= Murray
|first= G. W.
|title=An English-Nubian Comparative Dictionary
|year= 1923
|publisher= [[Humphrey Milford]], [[Oxford University Press]]
|url=https://archive.org/details/englishnubiancom0004gwmu_4
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Okidi|1994|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Okidi
 |first=C. O.
 |editor-first1=P.P.
 |editor-last1=Howell
 |editor-first2=J. J.
 |editor-last2=Alan
 |isbn=9780521450409
 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521450409/page/321
 |access-date=12 January 2026
 |title=The Nile: Sharing a Scarce Resource
 |chapter=History of the Nile and Lake Victoria Basins through Treaties
 |pages=321–350
 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
 |year=1994
}}

 &lt;!-- {{sfn|Redford  |2001|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |year=   2001
 |title=   Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
 | volume = 2
 |editor-last1= Redford  
 |editor-first1=   Donald B.
|editor-link1=  Donald B. Redford
 |publisher= Oxford University Press
 |url=   https://archive.org/details/oxfordencyclopediaofancientegyptvolume2
 |access-date=26 March 2026
 |isbn=  0195138228 
}}

 &lt;!-- {{sfn|Redford  |2001a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |year=   2001a
 |title=   Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
 | volume =3
 |editor-last1= Redford  
 |editor-first1=   Donald B.
|editor-link1=  Donald B. Redford
 |publisher= Oxford University Press
 |url=  https://archive.org/details/oxfordencyclopediaofancientegyptvolume3
 |access-date=26 March 2026
 |isbn=  0195138236
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Roach|2025|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=  Roach
 |first= Steven
 |year=  2025
 |chapter=Introduction: Nile Basin Politics and its Challenges
 |pages=1–16
 |title=Nile Basin Politics: From Coordinated to Cooperative Peace 
 |editor-last1=  Roach
 |editor-first1= Steven
 |editor-last2=  Hudson
 |editor-first2= Derrick
 |publisher= [[Edward Elgar Publishing]]
 |url=  https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollbook/book/9781803927176/9781803927176.xml
 | doi=10.4337/9781803927176
 |access-date=15 January 2026
 |isbn=  9781803927176 
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Robins|2008|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title= The Art of Ancient Egypt
  | last =Robins
  | first= Gay
 | author-link= Gay Robins
  |  isbn=9780674030657
  |  url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YD-z8hmdUMIC
  |access-date= 24 February 2026
 |   year=2008
 | orig-year=1997
  |  publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]
}}
 
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Rosenthal|2005}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=  Rosenthal
 |first= Lisa
 |year=  2005
 |title=Gender, Politics, and Allegory in the Art of Rubens
 |publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/genderpoliticsal0000rose
 |access-date=15 December 2025
 |isbn= 9780521842440
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Said|1993}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Said
 |first=Rushdi
 |author-link=Rushdi Said
 |year=1993
 |title=The River Nile: Geology, Hydrology, and Utilization
 |publisher=[[Pergamon Press]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/rivernilegeology0000said 
 |access-date=11 February 2026
 |isbn= 0080418864
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Schama|1995|pp=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Schama
 |first=Simon
|author-link=Simon Schama
 |year=1995
 |isbn=9780679402558
 |title=Landscape and Memory
 |publisher=[[A.A. Knopf]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/landscapememory0000scha_k7e4
 |access-date=15 December 2025
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Shahin|2002}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last=Shahin
 |first=Mamdouh
 |url=https://archive.org/details/hydrologywaterre0000shah
 |title=Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa
 |date=2002
 |publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
 |isbn=9781402008665
 | access-date=7 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Shoup|2017|loc= articleName }} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |  title=The Nile: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture
  |  last=Shoup
 |first= John A.
  | display-authors=etal
  |  isbn=9798216123323 
  |  url=https://archive.org/details/the-nile-an-encyclopedia-of-geography-history-and-culture
  | access-date= 14 February 2026
  |  year=2017
  |  publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] / [[ABC-CLIO]]
}} EBook.  The hardcover is {{isbn|9781440840401}}.

 &lt;!-- {{sfn| Siliotti|1997|p=?}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |  title=Guide to the Valley of the Kings
 |   last =Siliotti
 | first= Alberto
 | author-link = Alberto Siliotti
 |   isbn=9780760733257
  |  url=https://books.google.com/books?id=owicnQAACAAJ
 | access-date= 24 February 2026
  |  year=1997
  |  publisher=[[Barnes &amp; Noble ]]
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn| Smith|1878}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last= Smith
 |first= William
|author-link = William Smith (lexicographer)
 |url= https://archive.org/details/anewclassicaldi00unkngoog
 |title=A New Classical Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography, Mythology And Geography
 |date= 1878
 |publisher= [[Harper &amp; Brothers]]
 |lccn=04035163
 |access-date=7 January 2026
}}
 
&lt;!-- {{sfn| Stokes|2009 |p=??}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last=  Stokes
 |first=  Jamie
 |url= https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpe0000unse_h6k0 
 |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East
 |volume=2
 |date= 2009 
  |isbn=9781438126760
 |publisher=  [[Facts On File]]
 |access-date=13 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 334–364
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/334
| chapter = The Hydrology of the Nile Basin
| first= John
| last = Sutcliffe
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talbot|Williams|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 37–60
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/37
| chapter =   Cenozoic Evolution of the Nile Basin  
| first1=     Michael 
| last1 =  Talbot
| first2=     Martin
| last2 =  Williams
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talling|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 23–34
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/23
| chapter =     History of Scientific Research
| first=    Jack 
| last = Talling
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talling|2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 367–394
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/367
| chapter =  Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics
| first=    Jack 
| last = Talling
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Tian|2025|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
| title =Ancient Egypt in Video Games
|editor-first=Jennifer 
|editor-last=  Cromwell
| isbn = 9783111534022
|year=2025
|  publisher = [[de Gruyter Oldenbourg]]
| chapter = Pharaohs, Labourers and Wonder Builders: Illustrating Ancient Egypt with Game Mechanics in Strategy Games 
| pages = 87–110
| last= Tian 
|first=Tian
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Tvedt|2021}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | title= The Nile: History's Greatest River
 | last=Tvedt
 | first= Terje
 | author-link = Terje Tvedt
 | isbn= 9780755616800
 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=brYsEAAAQBAJ
 | access-date= 10 December 2025
 | year= 2021
 | publisher= [[Bloomsbury Publishing]]
 }}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Van Damme| Bocxlaer|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| series=Monographiae Biologicae
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 585–630
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/585
| chapter = Freshwater Molluscs of the Nile Basin, Past and Present
| first1= Dirk
| last1 = Van Damme
| first2= Bert
| last2 = Bocxlaer
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|Versluys|2002 |pp=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
|last1= Versluys
|first1=  M. J.
|year= 2002
|title=Aegyptiaca Romana : Nilotic Scenes and the Roman Views of Egypt
|publisher=  [[Brill Publishers]]
|url= https://archive.org/details/aegyptiacaromana0000vers
|access-date=15 January 2026
| isbn = 9004124403
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Vijverberg|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 163–192
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/163
| chapter =   Lake Tana: Source of the Blue Nile
| first=    Jacobus
| last = Vijverberg
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Warren| 2006 | p =352  }}. --&gt; 
* {{Cite book
 |last=Warren
 |first=John 
 |url=https://archive.org/details/evaporitessedime0000warr
 |title=Evaporites: Sediments, Resources and Hydrocarbons
 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]
 |year=2006 
|isbn=3540260110   
 |url-access=registration
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Williams |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 61–72
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/61
| chapter = Late Quaternary Environments in Nile Basin
| first= Martin
| last = Williams
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Williams |2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 771–780
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/771
| chapter = Human Impact on Nile Basin
| first= Martin
| last = Williams
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Witte |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 647–676
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/647
| chapter =   Fish Fauna of the Nile 
| first=     Frans  
| last =  Witte 
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Witte |2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 723–748
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/723
| chapter =  Fisheries of the Nile System 
| first=     Frans  
| last =  Witte 
| display-authors=etal
}}

====Journals and websites====

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abdelsalam|2018}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Abdelsalam |first1=Mohamed G.
|title=The Nile's journey through space and time: A geological perspective
|journal=Earth-Science Reviews
|date=February 2018
|volume=177
|pages=742–773
|doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.01.010
|doi-access=free |bibcode=2018ESRv..177..742A
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abdullah|2020}} 
* {{cite journal
|display-author1=1 |ref={{sfnref|Abdullah|2020}}
|last1=Abdullah |first1=Al-Noor |last2=Rahman |first2=Sanzidur |last3=Essex |first3=Stephen |last4=Benhin |first4=James
|title=Economic Contributions of Mega-Dam Infrastructure as Perceived by Local and Displaced Communities: A Case Study of Merowe Dam, Sudan
|journal=Agriculture |date=12 June 2020 |volume=10 |issue=6
|article-number=227
|doi=10.3390/agriculture10060227 |doi-access=free
}}
--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abotalib|2023}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Abotalib|2023}}
|last1=Abotalib |first1=Abotalib Z. |last2=Abdelhady |first2=Ahmed A. |last3=Heggy |first3=Essam |last4=Salem |first4=Salem G. |last5=Ismail |first5=Esam |last6=Ali |first6=Ahmed |last7=Khalil |first7=Mahmoud M. |title=Irreversible and Large-Scale Heavy Metal Pollution Arising From Increased Damming and Untreated Water Reuse in the Nile Delta
|journal=Earth's Future |date=March 2023 |volume=11 |issue=3
|article-number=e2022EF002987
|doi=10.1029/2022EF002987 |doi-access= free
|bibcode=2023EaFut..1102987A
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn| Alnaqbi|2022}} 
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Alnaqbi|2022}}
|last1=Alnaqbi |first1=Shaima |last2=Alasad |first2=Shamma |last3=Aljaghoub |first3=Haya |last4=Alami |first4=Abdul |last5=Abdelkareem |first5=Mohammad |last6=Olabi |first6=Abdul |title=Applicability of Hydropower Generation and Pumped Hydro Energy Storage in the Middle East and North Africa
|journal=Energies |date=25 March 2022 |volume=15 |issue=7
|article-number=2412
|doi=10.3390/en15072412 |doi-access=free
}}
--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Angurini|2021}} --&gt;
* {{cite news
 |url= https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/business/finance/eskom-invests-in-kiira-dam-water-controllers-3379660
 | title= Eskom Invests in Kiira Dam Water Controllers
| newspaper= [[Daily Monitor]]
|date=   2021
 |first=  Tom
| last=   Angurini
 |access-date=8 February 2026
 |location= Uganda
|oclc=	44216472
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Ayenalem|2023}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Ayenalem|2023}}
|last1=Ayenalem |first1=Abebe Yirga |last2=Fantini |first2=Emanuele |last3=Van der Zaag |first3=Pieter
|title=Popular culture and Nile hydropolitics: Amharic songs about the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam
|journal=International Journal of Water Governance |date=28 December 2023 |volume=10 |issue=1
|doi=10.59490/ijwg.10.2023.7359 |doi-access=free
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Beck|2018  }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Beck|2018}}
|last1=Beck |first1=Hylke E. |last2=Zimmermann |first2=Niklaus E. |last3=McVicar |first3=Tim R. |last4=Vergopolan |first4=Noemi |last5=Berg |first5=Alexis |last6=Wood |first6=Eric F. |title=Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution
|journal=Scientific Data |date=30 October 2018 |volume=5 |issue=1
|article-number=180214
|doi=10.1038/sdata.2018.214 |doi-access=free
|pmid=30375988
|pmc=6207062
|bibcode=2018NatSD...580214B
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Burton|1864|pp = 6–14 }}
* {{cite journal
|last1=Burton |first1=Richard F.
|author-link1=Richard Francis Burton
|title=On Lake Tanganyika, Ptolemy's Western Lake-Reservoir of the Nile
|journal=The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London |date=1865 |volume=35 |pages=1–15
|doi=10.2307/3698075 |jstor=3698075
}}</text>
      <sha1>1mg64r388xbfqp8c0iecajz9lnyyy8w</sha1>
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      <text bytes="49743" sha1="4pz8ilf83avmnpw26g94cb9lftf48vh" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Major river in northeast Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

'''Nile''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zɔri gindi [[Africa]] wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Mediterranean teeku ni. Di waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 7,088, di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari dunia zaa mɔɣa,{{efn|name=longest}} amaa ti yi kana ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili maa puuni di nyɛla din pɔra ni Amazon mini [[Congo River|Congo]]. Nile nyɛla din mali taarihi zaŋ jandi gbaŋsabila biɛhisi shee, daabilim  n-ti pahi kaya ni taada taarihi

Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi ayi: dinima nyɛ White Nile mini Blue Nile. White Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din waɣa ka nyɛ so'kam ni saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ din tiri Nile kom amaa  Blue Nile nyɛla din mali kom viɛnyɛla kamani buyi zuɣu gari White Nile. White Nile nyɛla din piligi miri [[Lake Victoria]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gindi Uganda mini South Sudan ka   Blue Nile mi nyɛ din piligi miri Lake Tana din be Ethiopia ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chaŋ hali ni Sudan. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Sudannima tiŋ zuɣu Khartoum. Bin din gbaai ni Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo n chaŋ nti gari Nubian Desert n saa gari chaŋ Egypt tiŋ zuɣu [[Cairo]] ka di yi zo n lu Mediterranean teeku din miri [[Alexandria]].

Nile mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din paai yuma kamani 15,000. Di nyɛla din zɔri gindi kamani tiŋgbana pin'yini. Nile kom nyɛla din yirina saa mibu ni, sa'kom din yirina [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]. Tiŋgbana kamani {{snd}}[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]] n-ti pahi South Sudan nyɛla tiŋgbani shɛŋa din bi tooi nyari saa ka dizuɣu chɛ ka bɛ tooi mali mɔɣa niŋdi pukparilim. tiŋgbani shɛŋa din gba lahi be bee yaɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be Nile Basin nyɛ [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Eritrea]] nti pahi [[Rwanda]].

== Yuya mini gbunni ==

Silimiinsili bachi &quot;Nile&quot; nyɛla din yina [[Latin]] {{lang|la|Nilus}} mini  [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|Νεῖλος}} (Neilos) ka di nyɛ din yina Semitic bachi ''naḥal'', ka di gbunni nyɛ mɔɣili.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}
{{Quote box|align=right|width=30|[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] for {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}},&lt;br&gt;the word for 'river' or 'Nile':{{sfn|Gardiner|1964|pp=43,623}}{{efn|Other hieroglyphs for 'river' are presented in {{harvnb|Faulkner|1964|p=33}} and {{harvnb|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}.
}}  &lt;hiero&gt;M17-X1:D21-G43-N35:N35:N35&lt;/hiero&gt;
}}
Saha shɛli maa ha Egyptnima balli ni, lala bachi Ŋɔ nyɛla yuusiri shɛli zaŋ n-ti 'Nile' mini mɔɣili': {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}}.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}} Egyptnima nyɛla ban booni bɛ tiŋgbani {{lang|egy-latn|kmt}} ka di gbunni nyɛ  'sabinli',  di nyɛla din jandi sabinli zaŋ n-ti i Nile kom nahingbaŋ.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=339, 470}} Silimiinsili yuli  &quot;Blue Nile&quot; nyɛla lɛbiginsim din yina Larigu yuli ''Al-Baḥr Al-Azraq''.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}&lt;!--
{{efn|The waters of the Blue Nile are very dark during the winter flood season, as they carry vast amounts of sediment downstream.{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|pp=503-504}} 
}} --&gt;

Saha ŋɔ mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali bɔbugu Nile Basin. Egypt tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli ''Al-Nīl'', ''Baḥr Al-Nīl'' bee ''Nahr Al-Nīl''.&lt;ref name=Barh&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Badawi|2003 |p=717}}.
|{{harvnb|Hurst|2025}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--
{{efn|''Bahr'' is 'sea'; ''Nahr'' is 'river'.&lt;ref name=Barh/&gt;
}} --&gt; South Sudan tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli Arabic ''Baḥr el-Jebel'', {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}} ka di gbunni nyɛ 'Mountain River'.{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=6}}  Uganda tiŋgbani, ninvuɣ shɛba ban yɛri Luganda nyɛla ban booni li ''Kiyira''.{{sfn|Hamilton |2016|p=66}} Nubian niriba zaŋ n-ti Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yuusiri [[Nobiin language|Nobiin]] yuli ''Áman Dawū'' ('Great Water').{{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=8}}

Di nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi (mɔɣ'bihi shɛŋa dabam gba nyɛla din chaŋ na nti chirigi Nile) di shɛŋa nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ: 
* Albert Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Lake Albert chani Nimule&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Dumont|2009|pp=5,6,40}}.
|{{harvnb| Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Black Nile{{snd}}Yuli shɛli dabam zaŋ n-ti Atbarah mɔɣili &lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Haupt|1926|p=305}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Blue Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Kyoga Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka din zɔri yiri [[Lake Kyoga]] chani Lake Albert{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}
* Main Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Blue Nile mini White Nile{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=4}} 
* [[Mountain Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Uganda chani South Sudan{{sfn|Talling|2009|p=390}}&lt;!-- 
{{efn|The Mountain Nile is also called ''Baḥr al-Jabal'' or ''Baḥr el-Jebel'' in Arabic.
}} --&gt;
* Victoria Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri  [[Lake Victoria]] chani Lake Kyoga{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=5}}
* [[White Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Yellow Nile{{snd}} [[Wadi Howar]], mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Nile saha shɛli ha amaa ka nyɛ din daa kuui yuma din gari maa{{sfn| Dumont|2009|p=4}}
[[File:Nile River Sources.svg|thumb|alt= A map of northeast Africa. The Nile is visible as a meandering blue line, running vertically. The river starts at the bottom in green forested area, and goes upward then ends in a blue sea at the top.| The Nile has six [[Nile cataracts|cataracts]]{{efn| Some of the cataracts have been submerged by human-made reservoirs.}} and several sources.  ]]

{{clear}}[[File:Nile River Landmarks.svg|thumb|The waters of the Nile originate as rainfall in the mountains in the south and east regions of the Nile Basin.|alt=A map of northeast Africa, showing the location of several cities and tourist sights on the river]]

&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

====Sources and sinks: geographic basins====
[[Fil&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

e:Nile River discharge flow gauge locations.svg|thumb|The water balance tables of this article contain water flow information measured at the twelve stations shown in this map.&lt;ref name=HydroData/&gt;{{efn|name=StnNames}}|alt=A map of northeast Africa. The Nile River is drawn, and there are a dozen landmarks shown on the map, at various points of the river]]

{|   class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible  mw-uncollapsed nowrap defaultright col1left sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Geographic basin water balance (annual)&lt;ref name=HydroData&gt;{{harvnb|Senay|2014|loc=Tables 3,4,5 and 6;  Sec 3.5.5 (Source/Sink)}}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|name=exclGERD}}{{efn|name=TableLegend|Hydrology Table Legend:{{sfn|Senay|2014}}
* ''Precip'' - Precipitation (P)
* ''Evap''- Evapotranspiration (ET)
* ''Water Bal'' - Precip-ET
* ''Discharge'' - River flow at measuring station (average of the entire year)
* ''Source or Sink '' - Is basin a significant source or sink of water?
}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin's&lt;br /&gt;downstream&lt;br /&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 1 [[Lake Victoria]] outlet{{efn|Measured at [[Nalubaale dam]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (74) || 264,259 || 353   || 279   || 57
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2 [[Murchison Falls]]{{efn|Measured at [[Paara (Uganda)]], slightly downstream from Murchison Falls.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (15) || 85,513 || 109   || 94     || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |3 [[Mongalla, South Sudan|Mongalla]]{{efn|Measured at [[Mongalla, South Sudan]], about 40 km downstream (north) of [[Juba]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) || 131,691 || 159 || 158    || 5
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 4 [[Malakal]]{{efn|Malakal is after the confluence of the White Nile and Sobat. It includes both [[Bahr el Ghazal River|Bahr el Ghazal]] and [[Sobat River]] tributaries.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−159)  || 925,160|| 798   || 957   || 150
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |5 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Measured at [[Al Mogran]] before the Blue Nile confluence (includes only the White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |{{D-N|Sink}} (−40) || 257,130 || 134   || 174   || 14
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 6 [[Roseires Dam|Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
| {{D-P|Source}} (105) ||  188,296|| 246  || 142 || 70
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |7 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Includes only Blue Nile (excludes White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
| {{D-W|Neutral}} (10) || 118,651|| 96  || 72   || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |8 [[Khashm el Girba]]{{efn|Roughly at the midpoint of the Atbarah river.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 | {{D-P|Source}} (30) ||  100,318|| 95   || 66  || 10
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 9 Mouth of [[Atbarah River]]{{efn |Measured at the Kilo3 station, where the Atbarah joins the Nile.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (−3) || 104,051 || 22  || 25 || 1
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 11 [[Aswan Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  188,011||2 || 13  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |12 [[Cairo]]/[[Nile Delta|Delta]]{{efn|Station is El Ekhsase, near Cairo. Basin data includes the Nile Delta, even though the delta is downstream of the station.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2, Sec 2.2.5}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  145,293||3  || 12  || 0
|}

[[File:The Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea (iss071e405499).jpg | thumb | The Nile (bottom) flows through Egypt's desert, which was much wetter during the [[African humid period]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Humid&quot;&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Kuper |Kröpelin|2006 |pp=803–807}}.  Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Bunbury|2023 |pp=47,57}}. Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Shoup|2017|loc=Articles: &quot;Culture of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of Egypt: Ancient&quot;, &quot;History of Sudan: Ancient Kush and Nubia&quot;, &quot;Atbara River&quot;}}. Nubian (Sudanese) culture in Sudan.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; |alt=A satellite photo of Egypt, showing mostly sandy ground, with a dark, meandering river flowing through the sand, emptying into a sea. ]]

[[File:Journey to Abydos, Tomb of Pairy MET DT10886.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|alt=A painting on a wall of a boat on a river, with Ancient Egyptians rowing it|Ancient Egyptians used boats extensively for transport. This image is from the [[TT139|Tomb of Pairy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ancientTransport&quot;&gt;
{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Van de Moortel|2007}}.
|{{harvnb|Creasman|2010}}. 
}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

===Post-colonial era===
[[File:Großer Tempel (Abu Simbel) 31.jpg|thumb|The [[Abu Simbel|Abu Simbel temples]] were relocated to higher ground when the [[Aswan High Dam]] was built and submerged their original location.{{sfn|Fleming  |Lothian |1997 |pp=135-136}} 
|alt=A huge rock sculpture of four kings sitting on thrones.]]
Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa deegi bɛ maŋsulinsi Britain yuuni 1950s sunsuuni.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-23}}{{efn|name=EgyptIndep|Egypt became nominally independent in 1922, but Britain maintained control of foreign policy and kept armed forces near the Suez Canal.  Full independence was achieved in 1957 after the [[Suez Crisis]].{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|pp=63-68}}}} Yuuni 1959 Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa labi lihi bɛ yuuni 1929 kom laɣim yuusi saawara. Bɛ ni daa labi gbaai saawara shɛli maa nyɛla din daa wuhi ni bɛ yɛn laɣimi yuusiri kom ŋɔ, ka daa yɛlli ni Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yɛn yuusiri kom maa kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 55.5 mini 18.5 billion cubic meters gabaadaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=122–123}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|pp=22–24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbani shɛŋa din be mɔɣili maa zuɣusaa nyɛla bɛ ni daa yihi shɛba lala saawara maa gbaabu ni, di shɛli nyɛ Ethiopia ka di gba nyɛ din tiri mɔɣili maa kom.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}

Yuuni 1959 saawara ŋɔ gbaabu maa nyɛla din daa ti Egypt mini Sudan soli ni bɛ gbi kulibɔna ka di nyɛ binshɛli bɛ ni daa niŋ: Egypt nyɛla ban daa gbi Aswan High Dam (di nyɛla din daa naai yuuni 1970); Sudan nyɛla ban daa gbi  [[Khashm el-Girba Dam]] (1964), [[Roseires Dam]] (1966), [[Merowe Dam]] (2009), n ti pahi [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex]] (2017).{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}{{efn|The 1959 agreement also provided for financial compensation paid from Egypt to Sudan for the displacement of [[Nubians]] as a result of the new reservoir behind the Aswan High Dam.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-24}}}}

[[File:GERD 3.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025, generates over 5 gigawatts.{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}}|alt=A photograph of large concrete dam and the reservoir it creates.  The photo is taken from an aerial viewpoint, looking down from above.  Large plumes of white water spray over a spillway.]]
[[File:Desert agriculture in Egypt (Copernicus 2024-02-03).jpg|thumb|alt=An aerial photograph of a yellow sandy desert to the west of the Nile. Over forty green circles are visible, where irrigation water has been used to grow crops.|These crops in Egypt (near the [[Toshka Lakes]]) are the result of [[New Valley Project|an irrigation system]] that pumps Nile water out of [[Lake Nasser]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|&quot;Desert Agriculture&quot;, ''Copernicus Programme''}}.
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=84–85}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
]]
{{efn|This table only includes hydropower stations with capacities over 100 MW.  Smaller stations including [[Assiut Barrage]], [[Jebel Aulia Dam]], [[Naga Hammadi dam]], [[Esna Power Plant]], and  [[Tis Abay I, II]]   are not included. Hydropower stations ''outside'' the Nile Basin are not included, such as Ethiopia's [[Gilgel Gibe I Dam|Gilgel Gibe Dams I]], [[Gilgel Gibe II Dam|II]], and [[Gilgel Gibe III Dam|III]].}}
{| class= &quot;wikitable defaultright col2center col5center sortable&quot;
|+ Major hydropower stations in the Nile Basin{{efn|Colors in the &quot;Landmark&quot; column indicate the country in which the hydropower station is located.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Hydropower&lt;br&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nearby&lt;br&gt;landmark
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year&lt;br&gt;completed
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Nameplate capacity|Power]]&lt;br&gt;(MW, in 2025)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Tributary
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Aswan Low Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan, Egypt]]}} ||1902, 1912, 1933, 1985||  550{{sfn|&quot;Aswan Low Dam&quot;, ''Egypt MOEE'' }} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Aswan High Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan]] Egypt}} || 1970 || 2,100{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=149}} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Merowe Dam]]
| {{WinDL|[[Merowe, Sudan]]  }}|| 2009 || 1,250{{sfn|&quot;Merowe Dam - Sudan&quot;, '' Abu Dhabi Fund for Development''}}  || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex|Upper Atbara and Setit]]
| {{WinDL| [[Showak|Showak, Sudan]] }}||  2017  || 320{{sfn|&quot;Upper Atbara Dam&quot;,  ''OPEC Fund for International Development''}}  || [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]] and [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Roseires Dam]]
| {{WinDL| [[Er Roseires|Er Roseires, Sudan]]}} || 1966, 2013  || 280{{sfn|&quot;Roseires Dam&quot;, ''IHA''}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Beles Hydroelectric Power Plant|Tana Beles]]
| {{partial|[[Lake Tana|Lake Tana, Ethiopia]]}} || 2010 || 460{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || [[Beles River]], Blue Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Tekezé Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Tekezé River|Tekezé River, Ethiopia]]}} || 2009 || 300{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}}    || [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]], [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Bameza|Bameza, Ethiopia]] }}|| 2020 || 5,150{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Fincha Hydroelectric Power Station|Fincha]]
| {{partial| [[Fincha'a|Fincha'a, Ethiopia]]}} || 1973|| 134{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || Blue Nile (Chomen Lake) 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station|Karuma]]
| {{nom|  [[Karuma Falls|Karuma Falls, Uganda ]]}} || 2024 || 600{{sfn|&quot;Karuma&quot;, ''Uganda Radio Network''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Isimba Hydroelectric Power Station|Isimba]]
| {{nom| [[Kamuli District|Kamuli District, Uganda]]}}|| 2019 || 183{{sfn|&quot;Isimba Power Station&quot;, ''UEGCL''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Bujagali Hydroelectric Power Station|Bujagali]]
| {{nom| [[Bujagali Falls|Bujagali Falls, Uganda]]}}|| 2012|| 250{{sfn|Griffin|2018}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Kiira Hydroelectric Power Station|Kiira]]
| {{nom| [[Kimaka|Kimaka, Uganda]]}}|| 2003 || 200{{sfn|Angurini|2021}} || Victoria Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Nalubaale Hydroelectric Power Station|Nalubaale]]
| {{nom| [[Jinja, Uganda]]}} || 1954|| 180{{Sfn|Tumwesigye|2011|p=10}}  ||   Victoria Nile
|}
 &lt;!-- 
{{
efn|
The river has several major cities on or near its banks including Cairo, [[Khartoum]], [[Juba]], and [[Kampala]]. These cities have hotels and facilities for tourists, such as the [[Speke Resort and Conference Center]], opened in Kampala in 2007.{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|p=217}} 
}} --&gt;

== In culture==

===Art and literature===
{{Multiple image
| width             = 
| total_width       = 425
| perrow            = 2

| image1            = Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes, Tomb of Menna MET DT10878.jpg
| alt1              = A painting of two boats on a river, with ancient Egyptian men and women standing on the boats, catching fish from the river.  
| caption1          = This ancient Egyptian artwork, &quot;Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes&quot;, is within the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]].{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}

| image2            =Maler der Grabkammer des Menna 003.jpg
| alt2            = A painting of some dead fish, from the Tomb of Menna
| caption2          = A [[Nile crocodile]] eating fish.{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}{{efn|Detail of larger artwork in the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]]{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}} }}
 
| image3            = 0 Mosaïque à scène mytholgique - villa Severi - Pal. Massimo 3.JPG
| alt3              = A large mosaic artwork.  It is a landscape of a river, with animals and people in the river, including crocodiles and hippos.
| caption3          = [[Nilotic landscape]]s, such as this 2nd century Roman  mosaic, often displayed crocodiles and hippos.&lt;ref name=Nilotic_Egyptian/&gt;

| image4            = New Wing, Vatican Museums (25497052238) (cropped).jpg
| alt4              = A large marble sculpture, inside a formal room. The main object is a reclining nude man, surrounded by many children, as well as some animals.
| caption4          = ''[[Personification of the River Nile]]'' is a colossal marble sculpture from {{circa}} 2nd century CE Rome{{snd}}now in the [[Vatican Museum]].&lt;ref name=colossal/&gt;

}}
T{{clear }}

==Kundivihira ==
===Footnotes===
{{notelist}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Betancourt|2007|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=Introduction to Aegean Art
 |first1= P.P
 |last1=Betancourt
| author-link=Philip Betancourt
| isbn= 9781623030841
| year= 2007
 | url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoae0000beta
| publisher= [[Institute for Aegean Prehistory]]
| access-date= 1 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Bunbury  |2023|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=River Culture 
 |chapter = The Egyptian Nile
 | editor-last=Wantzen 
 |editor-first= Karl M.
 |first1= Judith 
 |last1= Bunbury 
 |display-authors=etal
 |pages = 43–78 
| author-link= Judith Bunbury
| isbn=  9789231005404
|doi=10.54677/HHMI3947
| year= 2023
 | url= https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 
| publisher= [[UNESCO]]
| access-date= 10 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Camberlin|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =307–333
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/307
| chapter = Nile Basin Climates
| first= Pierre
| last = Camberlin
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Collins|2002|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title= The Nile
 |first1= Robert 
 |last1= Collins
| author-link= Robert O. Collins
| isbn=  9780300097641
| year= 2002
 | url= https://archive.org/details/nile00robe
| publisher=  [[Yale University Press]]
| access-date= 16 March 2026
}}  The &quot;Bibliographical Essay&quot; (pp. 245{{ndash}}248) lists books about the Nile River.

&lt;!--{{sfn|Dumont |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 1–22
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/1
| chapter = A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources
| first= Henri
| last = Dumont
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Eggermont |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 243–262
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/883
| chapter = Rwenzori Mountains (Mountains of the Moon): Headwaters of the Nile
| first= Hilde
| last = Eggermont
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|Dumont|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 95–124
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/95
| chapter =  The Fayum Depression
| first1= Gamal
| last1 = El-Shabrawy
| first2= Henri
| last2 = Dumont
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 125–156
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/125
| chapter =  Lake Nasser-Nubia
| first1= Gamal
| last1 = El-Shabrawy
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Sheekh |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 395–406
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/395
| chapter =   River Nile Pollutants and Their Effect on Life Forms and Water Quality
| first1=  Mostafa 
| last1 = El-Sheekh
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Embabi   |2018  | pp=&gt;? }} --&gt; 
* {{Cite book 
|last=Embabi 
|first=N.S.
 |title=Landscapes and Landforms of Egypt
 |year=2018
 |isbn=9783319656595
|publisher=[[Springer Nature]]
 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8_4
|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8
 |access-date=4 February 2020 
|archive-date=4 February 2020 
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204215026/https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8
 |url-status=live
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Faulkner|1964 |p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |first= Raymond
 |last = Faulkner
 |author-link =  Raymond O. Faulkner
 |title= A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian
 |year=  1964 
 |orig-year=  1962  
 |publisher = [[Griffith Institute]]
 |url=  https://archive.org/details/concisedictionar0000faul/
 |access-date = 26 March 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Fierro|Nyer|2007|p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | last1 =  Fierro
| first1 =  Pedro
| first2 =  Evan K.
| last2 =  Nyer
 | title = The Water Encyclopedia: Hydrologic Data and Internet Resources
 | publisher = [[CRC Press]]
| year =  2007
 | isbn = 9781420012583 
 | url  = https://archive.org/details/waterencyclopedi0000unse_j5x4
 | access-date = 24 March 2026
 }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Fleming |Lothian  |1997 |p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | last1 = Fleming
| first1 = Fergus 
| first2 = Alan
| last2 = Lothian
 | title = The Way to Eternity: Egyptian Myth
 | publisher = Duncan Baird 
| year = 1997
 | isbn = 0705435032
 | url =https://archive.org/details/waytoeternityegy00flem
 }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Gardiner|1964|p =?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |first= Alan
 |last = Gardiner
 |author-link = Alan Gardiner
 |title=Egyptian Grammar  
 |year= 1964 
 |edition =3rd
 |orig-year= 1927
 |publisher = [[Oxford University Press ]]
 |url=https://archive.org/details/egyptiangrammar0000alan 
 |access-date = 26 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 499–520
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/499
| chapter = The Oligochaeta of the Nile Basin Revisited 
| first= Samir
| last = Ghabbour
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =205–214
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/205
| chapter =  The Kyoga Catchment
| first= Jim
| last = Green
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 705–720
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/705
| chapter =   Birds of the Nile
| first= Jim
| last = Green
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|El-Moghraby|2009|pp=???}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 193–204
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/193
| chapter = Swamps of the Upper White Nile
| first1= Jim
| last1 = Green
| first2= Asim
| last2 = El-Moghraby
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hamilton |2016|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=Luganda Dictionary and Grammar 
 |first1=  Alan
 |last1= Hamilton
| isbn=  9780954149611
| year=    2016 
 | url= https://archive.org/details/lugandadictionar0000hami
| publisher=  Alan Hamilton
| access-date= 31 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Hamza|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 75–94
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/75
| chapter = The Nile Delta
| first= Waleed
| last = Hamza
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hart|2005|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last=Hart
|first=George
|author-link=George Hart (Egyptologist)
|title=The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
|edition=Second
|year=2005
|publisher=[[Routledge]]
|isbn=  0415344956
|url=https://archive.org/details/edg-the-routledge-dictionary-of-egyptian-gods
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|Holl|2025|pp=355–375}} 
* {{cite book
|last1=Holl
 |first1=Augustin
 |title=General History of Africa
 |volume=IX: General history of Africa Revisited 
 |chapter =Ancient Civilizations of Africa
|publisher=[[UNESCO]]
|pages=355–375
|year=2025
|isbn=9789231008092
|chapter-url = https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000396045?posInSet=1&amp;queryId=N-EXPLORE-612fe50c-9ec6-4256-8bd3-7b7ec50033a7
|access-date=2 February 2026
}}--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hornung|1982|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last=Hornung
|first=Erik
|author-link=Erik Hornung
|translator-first=John
|translator-last=Baines
|translator-link= John Baines (Egyptologist)
|others=Original in German.
|title=Conceptions of God in Egypt: The One and the Many
|publisher=[[Cornell University Press]]
|year=1982
|orig-year= 1971
| isbn=9780801412233
| url= https://archive.org/details/conceptionsofgod0000horn_q6b3
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hughes|1992|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last1=Hughes
|first1=Ralph H.
|display-authors=etal
|title=IUCN Directory of African Wetlands
 |url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1992-007.pdf
|access-date=2013-03-25
 |year=1992
|publisher= [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]]
|isbn=9782880329495
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Lehman|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =215–242
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/215
| chapter =   Lake Victoria
| first=  John
| last = Lehman
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last= Murray
|first= G. W.
|title=An English-Nubian Comparative Dictionary
|year= 1923
|publisher= [[Humphrey Milford]], [[Oxford University Press]]
|url=https://archive.org/details/englishnubiancom0004gwmu_4
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Okidi|1994|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Okidi
 |first=C. O.
 |editor-first1=P.P.
 |editor-last1=Howell
 |editor-first2=J. J.
 |editor-last2=Alan
 |isbn=9780521450409
 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521450409/page/321
 |access-date=12 January 2026
 |title=The Nile: Sharing a Scarce Resource
 |chapter=History of the Nile and Lake Victoria Basins through Treaties
 |pages=321–350
 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
 |year=1994
}}

 &lt;!-- {{sfn|Redford  |2001|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |year=   2001
 |title=   Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
 | volume = 2
 |editor-last1= Redford  
 |editor-first1=   Donald B.
|editor-link1=  Donald B. Redford
 |publisher= Oxford University Press
 |url=   https://archive.org/details/oxfordencyclopediaofancientegyptvolume2
 |access-date=26 March 2026
 |isbn=  0195138228 
}}

 &lt;!-- {{sfn|Redford  |2001a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |year=   2001a
 |title=   Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
 | volume =3
 |editor-last1= Redford  
 |editor-first1=   Donald B.
|editor-link1=  Donald B. Redford
 |publisher= Oxford University Press
 |url=  https://archive.org/details/oxfordencyclopediaofancientegyptvolume3
 |access-date=26 March 2026
 |isbn=  0195138236
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Roach|2025|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=  Roach
 |first= Steven
 |year=  2025
 |chapter=Introduction: Nile Basin Politics and its Challenges
 |pages=1–16
 |title=Nile Basin Politics: From Coordinated to Cooperative Peace 
 |editor-last1=  Roach
 |editor-first1= Steven
 |editor-last2=  Hudson
 |editor-first2= Derrick
 |publisher= [[Edward Elgar Publishing]]
 |url=  https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollbook/book/9781803927176/9781803927176.xml
 | doi=10.4337/9781803927176
 |access-date=15 January 2026
 |isbn=  9781803927176 
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Robins|2008|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title= The Art of Ancient Egypt
  | last =Robins
  | first= Gay
 | author-link= Gay Robins
  |  isbn=9780674030657
  |  url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YD-z8hmdUMIC
  |access-date= 24 February 2026
 |   year=2008
 | orig-year=1997
  |  publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]
}}
 
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Rosenthal|2005}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=  Rosenthal
 |first= Lisa
 |year=  2005
 |title=Gender, Politics, and Allegory in the Art of Rubens
 |publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/genderpoliticsal0000rose
 |access-date=15 December 2025
 |isbn= 9780521842440
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Said|1993}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Said
 |first=Rushdi
 |author-link=Rushdi Said
 |year=1993
 |title=The River Nile: Geology, Hydrology, and Utilization
 |publisher=[[Pergamon Press]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/rivernilegeology0000said 
 |access-date=11 February 2026
 |isbn= 0080418864
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Schama|1995|pp=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Schama
 |first=Simon
|author-link=Simon Schama
 |year=1995
 |isbn=9780679402558
 |title=Landscape and Memory
 |publisher=[[A.A. Knopf]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/landscapememory0000scha_k7e4
 |access-date=15 December 2025
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Shahin|2002}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last=Shahin
 |first=Mamdouh
 |url=https://archive.org/details/hydrologywaterre0000shah
 |title=Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa
 |date=2002
 |publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
 |isbn=9781402008665
 | access-date=7 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Shoup|2017|loc= articleName }} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |  title=The Nile: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture
  |  last=Shoup
 |first= John A.
  | display-authors=etal
  |  isbn=9798216123323 
  |  url=https://archive.org/details/the-nile-an-encyclopedia-of-geography-history-and-culture
  | access-date= 14 February 2026
  |  year=2017
  |  publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] / [[ABC-CLIO]]
}} EBook.  The hardcover is {{isbn|9781440840401}}.

 &lt;!-- {{sfn| Siliotti|1997|p=?}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |  title=Guide to the Valley of the Kings
 |   last =Siliotti
 | first= Alberto
 | author-link = Alberto Siliotti
 |   isbn=9780760733257
  |  url=https://books.google.com/books?id=owicnQAACAAJ
 | access-date= 24 February 2026
  |  year=1997
  |  publisher=[[Barnes &amp; Noble ]]
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn| Smith|1878}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last= Smith
 |first= William
|author-link = William Smith (lexicographer)
 |url= https://archive.org/details/anewclassicaldi00unkngoog
 |title=A New Classical Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography, Mythology And Geography
 |date= 1878
 |publisher= [[Harper &amp; Brothers]]
 |lccn=04035163
 |access-date=7 January 2026
}}
 
&lt;!-- {{sfn| Stokes|2009 |p=??}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last=  Stokes
 |first=  Jamie
 |url= https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpe0000unse_h6k0 
 |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East
 |volume=2
 |date= 2009 
  |isbn=9781438126760
 |publisher=  [[Facts On File]]
 |access-date=13 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 334–364
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/334
| chapter = The Hydrology of the Nile Basin
| first= John
| last = Sutcliffe
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talbot|Williams|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 37–60
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/37
| chapter =   Cenozoic Evolution of the Nile Basin  
| first1=     Michael 
| last1 =  Talbot
| first2=     Martin
| last2 =  Williams
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talling|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 23–34
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/23
| chapter =     History of Scientific Research
| first=    Jack 
| last = Talling
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talling|2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 367–394
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/367
| chapter =  Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics
| first=    Jack 
| last = Talling
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Tian|2025|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
| title =Ancient Egypt in Video Games
|editor-first=Jennifer 
|editor-last=  Cromwell
| isbn = 9783111534022
|year=2025
|  publisher = [[de Gruyter Oldenbourg]]
| chapter = Pharaohs, Labourers and Wonder Builders: Illustrating Ancient Egypt with Game Mechanics in Strategy Games 
| pages = 87–110
| last= Tian 
|first=Tian
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Tvedt|2021}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | title= The Nile: History's Greatest River
 | last=Tvedt
 | first= Terje
 | author-link = Terje Tvedt
 | isbn= 9780755616800
 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=brYsEAAAQBAJ
 | access-date= 10 December 2025
 | year= 2021
 | publisher= [[Bloomsbury Publishing]]
 }}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Van Damme| Bocxlaer|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| series=Monographiae Biologicae
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 585–630
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/585
| chapter = Freshwater Molluscs of the Nile Basin, Past and Present
| first1= Dirk
| last1 = Van Damme
| first2= Bert
| last2 = Bocxlaer
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|Versluys|2002 |pp=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
|last1= Versluys
|first1=  M. J.
|year= 2002
|title=Aegyptiaca Romana : Nilotic Scenes and the Roman Views of Egypt
|publisher=  [[Brill Publishers]]
|url= https://archive.org/details/aegyptiacaromana0000vers
|access-date=15 January 2026
| isbn = 9004124403
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Vijverberg|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 163–192
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/163
| chapter =   Lake Tana: Source of the Blue Nile
| first=    Jacobus
| last = Vijverberg
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Warren| 2006 | p =352  }}. --&gt; 
* {{Cite book
 |last=Warren
 |first=John 
 |url=https://archive.org/details/evaporitessedime0000warr
 |title=Evaporites: Sediments, Resources and Hydrocarbons
 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]
 |year=2006 
|isbn=3540260110   
 |url-access=registration
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Williams |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 61–72
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/61
| chapter = Late Quaternary Environments in Nile Basin
| first= Martin
| last = Williams
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Williams |2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 771–780
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/771
| chapter = Human Impact on Nile Basin
| first= Martin
| last = Williams
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Witte |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 647–676
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/647
| chapter =   Fish Fauna of the Nile 
| first=     Frans  
| last =  Witte 
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Witte |2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 723–748
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/723
| chapter =  Fisheries of the Nile System 
| first=     Frans  
| last =  Witte 
| display-authors=etal
}}

====Journals and websites====

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abdelsalam|2018}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Abdelsalam |first1=Mohamed G.
|title=The Nile's journey through space and time: A geological perspective
|journal=Earth-Science Reviews
|date=February 2018
|volume=177
|pages=742–773
|doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.01.010
|doi-access=free |bibcode=2018ESRv..177..742A
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abdullah|2020}} 
* {{cite journal
|display-author1=1 |ref={{sfnref|Abdullah|2020}}
|last1=Abdullah |first1=Al-Noor |last2=Rahman |first2=Sanzidur |last3=Essex |first3=Stephen |last4=Benhin |first4=James
|title=Economic Contributions of Mega-Dam Infrastructure as Perceived by Local and Displaced Communities: A Case Study of Merowe Dam, Sudan
|journal=Agriculture |date=12 June 2020 |volume=10 |issue=6
|article-number=227
|doi=10.3390/agriculture10060227 |doi-access=free
}}
--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abotalib|2023}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Abotalib|2023}}
|last1=Abotalib |first1=Abotalib Z. |last2=Abdelhady |first2=Ahmed A. |last3=Heggy |first3=Essam |last4=Salem |first4=Salem G. |last5=Ismail |first5=Esam |last6=Ali |first6=Ahmed |last7=Khalil |first7=Mahmoud M. |title=Irreversible and Large-Scale Heavy Metal Pollution Arising From Increased Damming and Untreated Water Reuse in the Nile Delta
|journal=Earth's Future |date=March 2023 |volume=11 |issue=3
|article-number=e2022EF002987
|doi=10.1029/2022EF002987 |doi-access= free
|bibcode=2023EaFut..1102987A
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn| Alnaqbi|2022}} 
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Alnaqbi|2022}}
|last1=Alnaqbi |first1=Shaima |last2=Alasad |first2=Shamma |last3=Aljaghoub |first3=Haya |last4=Alami |first4=Abdul |last5=Abdelkareem |first5=Mohammad |last6=Olabi |first6=Abdul |title=Applicability of Hydropower Generation and Pumped Hydro Energy Storage in the Middle East and North Africa
|journal=Energies |date=25 March 2022 |volume=15 |issue=7
|article-number=2412
|doi=10.3390/en15072412 |doi-access=free
}}
--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Angurini|2021}} --&gt;
* {{cite news
 |url= https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/business/finance/eskom-invests-in-kiira-dam-water-controllers-3379660
 | title= Eskom Invests in Kiira Dam Water Controllers
| newspaper= [[Daily Monitor]]
|date=   2021
 |first=  Tom
| last=   Angurini
 |access-date=8 February 2026
 |location= Uganda
|oclc=	44216472
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Ayenalem|2023}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Ayenalem|2023}}
|last1=Ayenalem |first1=Abebe Yirga |last2=Fantini |first2=Emanuele |last3=Van der Zaag |first3=Pieter
|title=Popular culture and Nile hydropolitics: Amharic songs about the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam
|journal=International Journal of Water Governance |date=28 December 2023 |volume=10 |issue=1
|doi=10.59490/ijwg.10.2023.7359 |doi-access=free
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Beck|2018  }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Beck|2018}}
|last1=Beck |first1=Hylke E. |last2=Zimmermann |first2=Niklaus E. |last3=McVicar |first3=Tim R. |last4=Vergopolan |first4=Noemi |last5=Berg |first5=Alexis |last6=Wood |first6=Eric F. |title=Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution
|journal=Scientific Data |date=30 October 2018 |volume=5 |issue=1
|article-number=180214
|doi=10.1038/sdata.2018.214 |doi-access=free
|pmid=30375988
|pmc=6207062
|bibcode=2018NatSD...580214B
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Burton|1864|pp = 6–14 }}
* {{cite journal
|last1=Burton |first1=Richard F.
|author-link1=Richard Francis Burton
|title=On Lake Tanganyika, Ptolemy's Western Lake-Reservoir of the Nile
|journal=The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London |date=1865 |volume=35 |pages=1–15
|doi=10.2307/3698075 |jstor=3698075
}}

--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Creasman|) |pp = ?? }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Creasman|2010}}
|last1=Creasman |first1=Pearce Paul |last2=Doyle |first2=Noreen
|title=Overland Boat Transportation During the Pharaonic Period: Archaeology and Iconography
|journal=Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections |date=16 September 2010 |volume=2 |issue=3
|doi=10.2458/azu_jaei_v02i3_creasman
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Driouech |2020}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Driouech|2020}}
|last1=Driouech |first1=Fatima |last2=ElRhaz |first2=Khalid |last3=Moufouma-Okia |first3=Willfran |last4=Arjdal |first4=Khadija |last5=Balhane |first5=Saloua
|title=Assessing Future Changes of Climate Extreme Events in the CORDEX-MENA Region Using Regional Climate Model ALADIN-Climate
|journal=Earth Systems and Environment |date=September 2020 |volume=4 |issue=3
|pages=477–492
|doi=10.1007/s41748-020-00169-3 |doi-access=free
|bibcode=2020ESE.....4..477D
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|El Mahmoudi |2008  |pp = 53–67 }}. --&gt; 
* {{Cite journal 
|last1=El Mahmoudi 
|first1=A. 
|last2=Gabr 
|first2=A. 
|year=2008 
|title=Geophysical Surveys to Investigate the Relation Between the Quaternary Nile Channels and the Messinian Nile Canyon at East Nile Delta, Egypt
|journal=Arabian Journal of Geosciences 
|publisher=Springer Nature 
|volume=2 
|issue=1 
|pages=53–67 
|doi=10.1007/s12517-008-0018-9 
|issn=1866-7511}}

&lt;!--   {{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}} --&gt;
* {{Cite news
 |newspaper= [[Reuters]]
 |last=   Endeshaw
 |first= Dawit  
 |date=  2025
|title=Ethiopia Opens Africa's Largest Hydroelectric Dam to Egyptian Protest
|url=https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/boards-policy-regulation/ethiopia-opens-africas-largest-hydroelectric-dam-egyptian-protest-2025-09-09/ 
 |access-date=20 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn| Griffin| 2018 }} --&gt;
* {{cite news
 |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/nearly-completed-dam-on-white-nile-casts-a-long-shadow-1.3431735
 | title=Nearly Completed Dam on White Nile Casts a Long Shadow
| newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] 
|issn =	0791-5144
|date= 2018
 |first=Dan  
| last=Griffin
 |access-date=28 December 2021
 |location=Dublin, Ireland
}}</text>
      <sha1>4pz8ilf83avmnpw26g94cb9lftf48vh</sha1>
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      <text bytes="51478" sha1="ihp1draf6nj8bk89x010nsjuvvrwnta" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Major river in northeast Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

'''Nile''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zɔri gindi [[Africa]] wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Mediterranean teeku ni. Di waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 7,088, di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari dunia zaa mɔɣa,{{efn|name=longest}} amaa ti yi kana ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili maa puuni di nyɛla din pɔra ni Amazon mini [[Congo River|Congo]]. Nile nyɛla din mali taarihi zaŋ jandi gbaŋsabila biɛhisi shee, daabilim  n-ti pahi kaya ni taada taarihi

Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi ayi: dinima nyɛ White Nile mini Blue Nile. White Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din waɣa ka nyɛ so'kam ni saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ din tiri Nile kom amaa  Blue Nile nyɛla din mali kom viɛnyɛla kamani buyi zuɣu gari White Nile. White Nile nyɛla din piligi miri [[Lake Victoria]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gindi Uganda mini South Sudan ka   Blue Nile mi nyɛ din piligi miri Lake Tana din be Ethiopia ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chaŋ hali ni Sudan. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Sudannima tiŋ zuɣu Khartoum. Bin din gbaai ni Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo n chaŋ nti gari Nubian Desert n saa gari chaŋ Egypt tiŋ zuɣu [[Cairo]] ka di yi zo n lu Mediterranean teeku din miri [[Alexandria]].

Nile mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din paai yuma kamani 15,000. Di nyɛla din zɔri gindi kamani tiŋgbana pin'yini. Nile kom nyɛla din yirina saa mibu ni, sa'kom din yirina [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]. Tiŋgbana kamani {{snd}}[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]] n-ti pahi South Sudan nyɛla tiŋgbani shɛŋa din bi tooi nyari saa ka dizuɣu chɛ ka bɛ tooi mali mɔɣa niŋdi pukparilim. tiŋgbani shɛŋa din gba lahi be bee yaɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be Nile Basin nyɛ [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Eritrea]] nti pahi [[Rwanda]].

== Yuya mini gbunni ==

Silimiinsili bachi &quot;Nile&quot; nyɛla din yina [[Latin]] {{lang|la|Nilus}} mini  [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|Νεῖλος}} (Neilos) ka di nyɛ din yina Semitic bachi ''naḥal'', ka di gbunni nyɛ mɔɣili.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}
{{Quote box|align=right|width=30|[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] for {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}},&lt;br&gt;the word for 'river' or 'Nile':{{sfn|Gardiner|1964|pp=43,623}}{{efn|Other hieroglyphs for 'river' are presented in {{harvnb|Faulkner|1964|p=33}} and {{harvnb|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}.
}}  &lt;hiero&gt;M17-X1:D21-G43-N35:N35:N35&lt;/hiero&gt;
}}
Saha shɛli maa ha Egyptnima balli ni, lala bachi Ŋɔ nyɛla yuusiri shɛli zaŋ n-ti 'Nile' mini mɔɣili': {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}}.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}} Egyptnima nyɛla ban booni bɛ tiŋgbani {{lang|egy-latn|kmt}} ka di gbunni nyɛ  'sabinli',  di nyɛla din jandi sabinli zaŋ n-ti i Nile kom nahingbaŋ.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=339, 470}} Silimiinsili yuli  &quot;Blue Nile&quot; nyɛla lɛbiginsim din yina Larigu yuli ''Al-Baḥr Al-Azraq''.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}&lt;!--
{{efn|The waters of the Blue Nile are very dark during the winter flood season, as they carry vast amounts of sediment downstream.{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|pp=503-504}} 
}} --&gt;

Saha ŋɔ mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali bɔbugu Nile Basin. Egypt tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli ''Al-Nīl'', ''Baḥr Al-Nīl'' bee ''Nahr Al-Nīl''.&lt;ref name=Barh&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Badawi|2003 |p=717}}.
|{{harvnb|Hurst|2025}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--
{{efn|''Bahr'' is 'sea'; ''Nahr'' is 'river'.&lt;ref name=Barh/&gt;
}} --&gt; South Sudan tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli Arabic ''Baḥr el-Jebel'', {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}} ka di gbunni nyɛ 'Mountain River'.{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=6}}  Uganda tiŋgbani, ninvuɣ shɛba ban yɛri Luganda nyɛla ban booni li ''Kiyira''.{{sfn|Hamilton |2016|p=66}} Nubian niriba zaŋ n-ti Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yuusiri [[Nobiin language|Nobiin]] yuli ''Áman Dawū'' ('Great Water').{{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=8}}

Di nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi (mɔɣ'bihi shɛŋa dabam gba nyɛla din chaŋ na nti chirigi Nile) di shɛŋa nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ: 
* Albert Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Lake Albert chani Nimule&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Dumont|2009|pp=5,6,40}}.
|{{harvnb| Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Black Nile{{snd}}Yuli shɛli dabam zaŋ n-ti Atbarah mɔɣili &lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Haupt|1926|p=305}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Blue Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Kyoga Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka din zɔri yiri [[Lake Kyoga]] chani Lake Albert{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}
* Main Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Blue Nile mini White Nile{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=4}} 
* [[Mountain Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Uganda chani South Sudan{{sfn|Talling|2009|p=390}}&lt;!-- 
{{efn|The Mountain Nile is also called ''Baḥr al-Jabal'' or ''Baḥr el-Jebel'' in Arabic.
}} --&gt;
* Victoria Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri  [[Lake Victoria]] chani Lake Kyoga{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=5}}
* [[White Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Yellow Nile{{snd}} [[Wadi Howar]], mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Nile saha shɛli ha amaa ka nyɛ din daa kuui yuma din gari maa{{sfn| Dumont|2009|p=4}}
[[File:Nile River Sources.svg|thumb|alt= A map of northeast Africa. The Nile is visible as a meandering blue line, running vertically. The river starts at the bottom in green forested area, and goes upward then ends in a blue sea at the top.| The Nile has six [[Nile cataracts|cataracts]]{{efn| Some of the cataracts have been submerged by human-made reservoirs.}} and several sources.  ]]

{{clear}}[[File:Nile River Landmarks.svg|thumb|The waters of the Nile originate as rainfall in the mountains in the south and east regions of the Nile Basin.|alt=A map of northeast Africa, showing the location of several cities and tourist sights on the river]]

&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

====Sources and sinks: geographic basins====
[[Fil&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

e:Nile River discharge flow gauge locations.svg|thumb|The water balance tables of this article contain water flow information measured at the twelve stations shown in this map.&lt;ref name=HydroData/&gt;{{efn|name=StnNames}}|alt=A map of northeast Africa. The Nile River is drawn, and there are a dozen landmarks shown on the map, at various points of the river]]

{|   class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible  mw-uncollapsed nowrap defaultright col1left sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Geographic basin water balance (annual)&lt;ref name=HydroData&gt;{{harvnb|Senay|2014|loc=Tables 3,4,5 and 6;  Sec 3.5.5 (Source/Sink)}}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|name=exclGERD}}{{efn|name=TableLegend|Hydrology Table Legend:{{sfn|Senay|2014}}
* ''Precip'' - Precipitation (P)
* ''Evap''- Evapotranspiration (ET)
* ''Water Bal'' - Precip-ET
* ''Discharge'' - River flow at measuring station (average of the entire year)
* ''Source or Sink '' - Is basin a significant source or sink of water?
}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin's&lt;br /&gt;downstream&lt;br /&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 1 [[Lake Victoria]] outlet{{efn|Measured at [[Nalubaale dam]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (74) || 264,259 || 353   || 279   || 57
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2 [[Murchison Falls]]{{efn|Measured at [[Paara (Uganda)]], slightly downstream from Murchison Falls.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (15) || 85,513 || 109   || 94     || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |3 [[Mongalla, South Sudan|Mongalla]]{{efn|Measured at [[Mongalla, South Sudan]], about 40 km downstream (north) of [[Juba]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) || 131,691 || 159 || 158    || 5
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 4 [[Malakal]]{{efn|Malakal is after the confluence of the White Nile and Sobat. It includes both [[Bahr el Ghazal River|Bahr el Ghazal]] and [[Sobat River]] tributaries.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−159)  || 925,160|| 798   || 957   || 150
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |5 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Measured at [[Al Mogran]] before the Blue Nile confluence (includes only the White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |{{D-N|Sink}} (−40) || 257,130 || 134   || 174   || 14
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 6 [[Roseires Dam|Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
| {{D-P|Source}} (105) ||  188,296|| 246  || 142 || 70
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |7 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Includes only Blue Nile (excludes White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
| {{D-W|Neutral}} (10) || 118,651|| 96  || 72   || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |8 [[Khashm el Girba]]{{efn|Roughly at the midpoint of the Atbarah river.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 | {{D-P|Source}} (30) ||  100,318|| 95   || 66  || 10
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 9 Mouth of [[Atbarah River]]{{efn |Measured at the Kilo3 station, where the Atbarah joins the Nile.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (−3) || 104,051 || 22  || 25 || 1
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 11 [[Aswan Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  188,011||2 || 13  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |12 [[Cairo]]/[[Nile Delta|Delta]]{{efn|Station is El Ekhsase, near Cairo. Basin data includes the Nile Delta, even though the delta is downstream of the station.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2, Sec 2.2.5}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  145,293||3  || 12  || 0
|}

[[File:The Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea (iss071e405499).jpg | thumb | The Nile (bottom) flows through Egypt's desert, which was much wetter during the [[African humid period]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Humid&quot;&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Kuper |Kröpelin|2006 |pp=803–807}}.  Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Bunbury|2023 |pp=47,57}}. Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Shoup|2017|loc=Articles: &quot;Culture of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of Egypt: Ancient&quot;, &quot;History of Sudan: Ancient Kush and Nubia&quot;, &quot;Atbara River&quot;}}. Nubian (Sudanese) culture in Sudan.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; |alt=A satellite photo of Egypt, showing mostly sandy ground, with a dark, meandering river flowing through the sand, emptying into a sea. ]]

[[File:Journey to Abydos, Tomb of Pairy MET DT10886.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|alt=A painting on a wall of a boat on a river, with Ancient Egyptians rowing it|Ancient Egyptians used boats extensively for transport. This image is from the [[TT139|Tomb of Pairy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ancientTransport&quot;&gt;
{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Van de Moortel|2007}}.
|{{harvnb|Creasman|2010}}. 
}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

===Post-colonial era===
[[File:Großer Tempel (Abu Simbel) 31.jpg|thumb|The [[Abu Simbel|Abu Simbel temples]] were relocated to higher ground when the [[Aswan High Dam]] was built and submerged their original location.{{sfn|Fleming  |Lothian |1997 |pp=135-136}} 
|alt=A huge rock sculpture of four kings sitting on thrones.]]
Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa deegi bɛ maŋsulinsi Britain yuuni 1950s sunsuuni.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-23}}{{efn|name=EgyptIndep|Egypt became nominally independent in 1922, but Britain maintained control of foreign policy and kept armed forces near the Suez Canal.  Full independence was achieved in 1957 after the [[Suez Crisis]].{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|pp=63-68}}}} Yuuni 1959 Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa labi lihi bɛ yuuni 1929 kom laɣim yuusi saawara. Bɛ ni daa labi gbaai saawara shɛli maa nyɛla din daa wuhi ni bɛ yɛn laɣimi yuusiri kom ŋɔ, ka daa yɛlli ni Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yɛn yuusiri kom maa kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 55.5 mini 18.5 billion cubic meters gabaadaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=122–123}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|pp=22–24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbani shɛŋa din be mɔɣili maa zuɣusaa nyɛla bɛ ni daa yihi shɛba lala saawara maa gbaabu ni, di shɛli nyɛ Ethiopia ka di gba nyɛ din tiri mɔɣili maa kom.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}

Yuuni 1959 saawara ŋɔ gbaabu maa nyɛla din daa ti Egypt mini Sudan soli ni bɛ gbi kulibɔna ka di nyɛ binshɛli bɛ ni daa niŋ: Egypt nyɛla ban daa gbi Aswan High Dam (di nyɛla din daa naai yuuni 1970); Sudan nyɛla ban daa gbi  [[Khashm el-Girba Dam]] (1964), [[Roseires Dam]] (1966), [[Merowe Dam]] (2009), n ti pahi [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex]] (2017).{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}{{efn|The 1959 agreement also provided for financial compensation paid from Egypt to Sudan for the displacement of [[Nubians]] as a result of the new reservoir behind the Aswan High Dam.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-24}}}}

[[File:GERD 3.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025, generates over 5 gigawatts.{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}}|alt=A photograph of large concrete dam and the reservoir it creates.  The photo is taken from an aerial viewpoint, looking down from above.  Large plumes of white water spray over a spillway.]]
[[File:Desert agriculture in Egypt (Copernicus 2024-02-03).jpg|thumb|alt=An aerial photograph of a yellow sandy desert to the west of the Nile. Over forty green circles are visible, where irrigation water has been used to grow crops.|These crops in Egypt (near the [[Toshka Lakes]]) are the result of [[New Valley Project|an irrigation system]] that pumps Nile water out of [[Lake Nasser]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|&quot;Desert Agriculture&quot;, ''Copernicus Programme''}}.
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=84–85}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
]]
{{efn|This table only includes hydropower stations with capacities over 100 MW.  Smaller stations including [[Assiut Barrage]], [[Jebel Aulia Dam]], [[Naga Hammadi dam]], [[Esna Power Plant]], and  [[Tis Abay I, II]]   are not included. Hydropower stations ''outside'' the Nile Basin are not included, such as Ethiopia's [[Gilgel Gibe I Dam|Gilgel Gibe Dams I]], [[Gilgel Gibe II Dam|II]], and [[Gilgel Gibe III Dam|III]].}}
{| class= &quot;wikitable defaultright col2center col5center sortable&quot;
|+ Major hydropower stations in the Nile Basin{{efn|Colors in the &quot;Landmark&quot; column indicate the country in which the hydropower station is located.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Hydropower&lt;br&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nearby&lt;br&gt;landmark
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year&lt;br&gt;completed
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Nameplate capacity|Power]]&lt;br&gt;(MW, in 2025)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Tributary
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Aswan Low Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan, Egypt]]}} ||1902, 1912, 1933, 1985||  550{{sfn|&quot;Aswan Low Dam&quot;, ''Egypt MOEE'' }} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Aswan High Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan]] Egypt}} || 1970 || 2,100{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=149}} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Merowe Dam]]
| {{WinDL|[[Merowe, Sudan]]  }}|| 2009 || 1,250{{sfn|&quot;Merowe Dam - Sudan&quot;, '' Abu Dhabi Fund for Development''}}  || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex|Upper Atbara and Setit]]
| {{WinDL| [[Showak|Showak, Sudan]] }}||  2017  || 320{{sfn|&quot;Upper Atbara Dam&quot;,  ''OPEC Fund for International Development''}}  || [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]] and [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Roseires Dam]]
| {{WinDL| [[Er Roseires|Er Roseires, Sudan]]}} || 1966, 2013  || 280{{sfn|&quot;Roseires Dam&quot;, ''IHA''}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Beles Hydroelectric Power Plant|Tana Beles]]
| {{partial|[[Lake Tana|Lake Tana, Ethiopia]]}} || 2010 || 460{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || [[Beles River]], Blue Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Tekezé Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Tekezé River|Tekezé River, Ethiopia]]}} || 2009 || 300{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}}    || [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]], [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Bameza|Bameza, Ethiopia]] }}|| 2020 || 5,150{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Fincha Hydroelectric Power Station|Fincha]]
| {{partial| [[Fincha'a|Fincha'a, Ethiopia]]}} || 1973|| 134{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || Blue Nile (Chomen Lake) 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station|Karuma]]
| {{nom|  [[Karuma Falls|Karuma Falls, Uganda ]]}} || 2024 || 600{{sfn|&quot;Karuma&quot;, ''Uganda Radio Network''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Isimba Hydroelectric Power Station|Isimba]]
| {{nom| [[Kamuli District|Kamuli District, Uganda]]}}|| 2019 || 183{{sfn|&quot;Isimba Power Station&quot;, ''UEGCL''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Bujagali Hydroelectric Power Station|Bujagali]]
| {{nom| [[Bujagali Falls|Bujagali Falls, Uganda]]}}|| 2012|| 250{{sfn|Griffin|2018}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Kiira Hydroelectric Power Station|Kiira]]
| {{nom| [[Kimaka|Kimaka, Uganda]]}}|| 2003 || 200{{sfn|Angurini|2021}} || Victoria Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Nalubaale Hydroelectric Power Station|Nalubaale]]
| {{nom| [[Jinja, Uganda]]}} || 1954|| 180{{Sfn|Tumwesigye|2011|p=10}}  ||   Victoria Nile
|}
 &lt;!-- 
{{
efn|
The river has several major cities on or near its banks including Cairo, [[Khartoum]], [[Juba]], and [[Kampala]]. These cities have hotels and facilities for tourists, such as the [[Speke Resort and Conference Center]], opened in Kampala in 2007.{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|p=217}} 
}} --&gt;

== In culture==

===Art and literature===
{{Multiple image
| width             = 
| total_width       = 425
| perrow            = 2

| image1            = Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes, Tomb of Menna MET DT10878.jpg
| alt1              = A painting of two boats on a river, with ancient Egyptian men and women standing on the boats, catching fish from the river.  
| caption1          = This ancient Egyptian artwork, &quot;Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes&quot;, is within the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]].{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}

| image2            =Maler der Grabkammer des Menna 003.jpg
| alt2            = A painting of some dead fish, from the Tomb of Menna
| caption2          = A [[Nile crocodile]] eating fish.{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}{{efn|Detail of larger artwork in the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]]{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}} }}
 
| image3            = 0 Mosaïque à scène mytholgique - villa Severi - Pal. Massimo 3.JPG
| alt3              = A large mosaic artwork.  It is a landscape of a river, with animals and people in the river, including crocodiles and hippos.
| caption3          = [[Nilotic landscape]]s, such as this 2nd century Roman  mosaic, often displayed crocodiles and hippos.&lt;ref name=Nilotic_Egyptian/&gt;

| image4            = New Wing, Vatican Museums (25497052238) (cropped).jpg
| alt4              = A large marble sculpture, inside a formal room. The main object is a reclining nude man, surrounded by many children, as well as some animals.
| caption4          = ''[[Personification of the River Nile]]'' is a colossal marble sculpture from {{circa}} 2nd century CE Rome{{snd}}now in the [[Vatican Museum]].&lt;ref name=colossal/&gt;

}}
T{{clear }}

==Kundivihira ==
===Footnotes===
{{notelist}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Betancourt|2007|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=Introduction to Aegean Art
 |first1= P.P
 |last1=Betancourt
| author-link=Philip Betancourt
| isbn= 9781623030841
| year= 2007
 | url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoae0000beta
| publisher= [[Institute for Aegean Prehistory]]
| access-date= 1 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Bunbury  |2023|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=River Culture 
 |chapter = The Egyptian Nile
 | editor-last=Wantzen 
 |editor-first= Karl M.
 |first1= Judith 
 |last1= Bunbury 
 |display-authors=etal
 |pages = 43–78 
| author-link= Judith Bunbury
| isbn=  9789231005404
|doi=10.54677/HHMI3947
| year= 2023
 | url= https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 
| publisher= [[UNESCO]]
| access-date= 10 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Camberlin|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =307–333
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/307
| chapter = Nile Basin Climates
| first= Pierre
| last = Camberlin
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Collins|2002|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title= The Nile
 |first1= Robert 
 |last1= Collins
| author-link= Robert O. Collins
| isbn=  9780300097641
| year= 2002
 | url= https://archive.org/details/nile00robe
| publisher=  [[Yale University Press]]
| access-date= 16 March 2026
}}  The &quot;Bibliographical Essay&quot; (pp. 245{{ndash}}248) lists books about the Nile River.

&lt;!--{{sfn|Dumont |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 1–22
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/1
| chapter = A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources
| first= Henri
| last = Dumont
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Eggermont |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 243–262
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/883
| chapter = Rwenzori Mountains (Mountains of the Moon): Headwaters of the Nile
| first= Hilde
| last = Eggermont
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|Dumont|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 95–124
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/95
| chapter =  The Fayum Depression
| first1= Gamal
| last1 = El-Shabrawy
| first2= Henri
| last2 = Dumont
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 125–156
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/125
| chapter =  Lake Nasser-Nubia
| first1= Gamal
| last1 = El-Shabrawy
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Sheekh |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 395–406
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/395
| chapter =   River Nile Pollutants and Their Effect on Life Forms and Water Quality
| first1=  Mostafa 
| last1 = El-Sheekh
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Embabi   |2018  | pp=&gt;? }} --&gt; 
* {{Cite book 
|last=Embabi 
|first=N.S.
 |title=Landscapes and Landforms of Egypt
 |year=2018
 |isbn=9783319656595
|publisher=[[Springer Nature]]
 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8_4
|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8
 |access-date=4 February 2020 
|archive-date=4 February 2020 
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204215026/https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8
 |url-status=live
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Faulkner|1964 |p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |first= Raymond
 |last = Faulkner
 |author-link =  Raymond O. Faulkner
 |title= A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian
 |year=  1964 
 |orig-year=  1962  
 |publisher = [[Griffith Institute]]
 |url=  https://archive.org/details/concisedictionar0000faul/
 |access-date = 26 March 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Fierro|Nyer|2007|p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | last1 =  Fierro
| first1 =  Pedro
| first2 =  Evan K.
| last2 =  Nyer
 | title = The Water Encyclopedia: Hydrologic Data and Internet Resources
 | publisher = [[CRC Press]]
| year =  2007
 | isbn = 9781420012583 
 | url  = https://archive.org/details/waterencyclopedi0000unse_j5x4
 | access-date = 24 March 2026
 }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Fleming |Lothian  |1997 |p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | last1 = Fleming
| first1 = Fergus 
| first2 = Alan
| last2 = Lothian
 | title = The Way to Eternity: Egyptian Myth
 | publisher = Duncan Baird 
| year = 1997
 | isbn = 0705435032
 | url =https://archive.org/details/waytoeternityegy00flem
 }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Gardiner|1964|p =?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |first= Alan
 |last = Gardiner
 |author-link = Alan Gardiner
 |title=Egyptian Grammar  
 |year= 1964 
 |edition =3rd
 |orig-year= 1927
 |publisher = [[Oxford University Press ]]
 |url=https://archive.org/details/egyptiangrammar0000alan 
 |access-date = 26 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 499–520
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/499
| chapter = The Oligochaeta of the Nile Basin Revisited 
| first= Samir
| last = Ghabbour
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =205–214
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/205
| chapter =  The Kyoga Catchment
| first= Jim
| last = Green
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 705–720
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/705
| chapter =   Birds of the Nile
| first= Jim
| last = Green
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|El-Moghraby|2009|pp=???}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 193–204
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/193
| chapter = Swamps of the Upper White Nile
| first1= Jim
| last1 = Green
| first2= Asim
| last2 = El-Moghraby
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hamilton |2016|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=Luganda Dictionary and Grammar 
 |first1=  Alan
 |last1= Hamilton
| isbn=  9780954149611
| year=    2016 
 | url= https://archive.org/details/lugandadictionar0000hami
| publisher=  Alan Hamilton
| access-date= 31 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Hamza|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 75–94
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/75
| chapter = The Nile Delta
| first= Waleed
| last = Hamza
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hart|2005|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last=Hart
|first=George
|author-link=George Hart (Egyptologist)
|title=The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
|edition=Second
|year=2005
|publisher=[[Routledge]]
|isbn=  0415344956
|url=https://archive.org/details/edg-the-routledge-dictionary-of-egyptian-gods
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|Holl|2025|pp=355–375}} 
* {{cite book
|last1=Holl
 |first1=Augustin
 |title=General History of Africa
 |volume=IX: General history of Africa Revisited 
 |chapter =Ancient Civilizations of Africa
|publisher=[[UNESCO]]
|pages=355–375
|year=2025
|isbn=9789231008092
|chapter-url = https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000396045?posInSet=1&amp;queryId=N-EXPLORE-612fe50c-9ec6-4256-8bd3-7b7ec50033a7
|access-date=2 February 2026
}}--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hornung|1982|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last=Hornung
|first=Erik
|author-link=Erik Hornung
|translator-first=John
|translator-last=Baines
|translator-link= John Baines (Egyptologist)
|others=Original in German.
|title=Conceptions of God in Egypt: The One and the Many
|publisher=[[Cornell University Press]]
|year=1982
|orig-year= 1971
| isbn=9780801412233
| url= https://archive.org/details/conceptionsofgod0000horn_q6b3
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hughes|1992|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last1=Hughes
|first1=Ralph H.
|display-authors=etal
|title=IUCN Directory of African Wetlands
 |url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1992-007.pdf
|access-date=2013-03-25
 |year=1992
|publisher= [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]]
|isbn=9782880329495
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Lehman|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =215–242
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/215
| chapter =   Lake Victoria
| first=  John
| last = Lehman
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last= Murray
|first= G. W.
|title=An English-Nubian Comparative Dictionary
|year= 1923
|publisher= [[Humphrey Milford]], [[Oxford University Press]]
|url=https://archive.org/details/englishnubiancom0004gwmu_4
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Okidi|1994|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Okidi
 |first=C. O.
 |editor-first1=P.P.
 |editor-last1=Howell
 |editor-first2=J. J.
 |editor-last2=Alan
 |isbn=9780521450409
 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521450409/page/321
 |access-date=12 January 2026
 |title=The Nile: Sharing a Scarce Resource
 |chapter=History of the Nile and Lake Victoria Basins through Treaties
 |pages=321–350
 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
 |year=1994
}}

 &lt;!-- {{sfn|Redford  |2001|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |year=   2001
 |title=   Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
 | volume = 2
 |editor-last1= Redford  
 |editor-first1=   Donald B.
|editor-link1=  Donald B. Redford
 |publisher= Oxford University Press
 |url=   https://archive.org/details/oxfordencyclopediaofancientegyptvolume2
 |access-date=26 March 2026
 |isbn=  0195138228 
}}

 &lt;!-- {{sfn|Redford  |2001a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |year=   2001a
 |title=   Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
 | volume =3
 |editor-last1= Redford  
 |editor-first1=   Donald B.
|editor-link1=  Donald B. Redford
 |publisher= Oxford University Press
 |url=  https://archive.org/details/oxfordencyclopediaofancientegyptvolume3
 |access-date=26 March 2026
 |isbn=  0195138236
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Roach|2025|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=  Roach
 |first= Steven
 |year=  2025
 |chapter=Introduction: Nile Basin Politics and its Challenges
 |pages=1–16
 |title=Nile Basin Politics: From Coordinated to Cooperative Peace 
 |editor-last1=  Roach
 |editor-first1= Steven
 |editor-last2=  Hudson
 |editor-first2= Derrick
 |publisher= [[Edward Elgar Publishing]]
 |url=  https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollbook/book/9781803927176/9781803927176.xml
 | doi=10.4337/9781803927176
 |access-date=15 January 2026
 |isbn=  9781803927176 
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Robins|2008|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title= The Art of Ancient Egypt
  | last =Robins
  | first= Gay
 | author-link= Gay Robins
  |  isbn=9780674030657
  |  url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YD-z8hmdUMIC
  |access-date= 24 February 2026
 |   year=2008
 | orig-year=1997
  |  publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]
}}
 
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Rosenthal|2005}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=  Rosenthal
 |first= Lisa
 |year=  2005
 |title=Gender, Politics, and Allegory in the Art of Rubens
 |publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/genderpoliticsal0000rose
 |access-date=15 December 2025
 |isbn= 9780521842440
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Said|1993}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Said
 |first=Rushdi
 |author-link=Rushdi Said
 |year=1993
 |title=The River Nile: Geology, Hydrology, and Utilization
 |publisher=[[Pergamon Press]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/rivernilegeology0000said 
 |access-date=11 February 2026
 |isbn= 0080418864
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Schama|1995|pp=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Schama
 |first=Simon
|author-link=Simon Schama
 |year=1995
 |isbn=9780679402558
 |title=Landscape and Memory
 |publisher=[[A.A. Knopf]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/landscapememory0000scha_k7e4
 |access-date=15 December 2025
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Shahin|2002}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last=Shahin
 |first=Mamdouh
 |url=https://archive.org/details/hydrologywaterre0000shah
 |title=Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa
 |date=2002
 |publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
 |isbn=9781402008665
 | access-date=7 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Shoup|2017|loc= articleName }} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |  title=The Nile: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture
  |  last=Shoup
 |first= John A.
  | display-authors=etal
  |  isbn=9798216123323 
  |  url=https://archive.org/details/the-nile-an-encyclopedia-of-geography-history-and-culture
  | access-date= 14 February 2026
  |  year=2017
  |  publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] / [[ABC-CLIO]]
}} EBook.  The hardcover is {{isbn|9781440840401}}.

 &lt;!-- {{sfn| Siliotti|1997|p=?}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |  title=Guide to the Valley of the Kings
 |   last =Siliotti
 | first= Alberto
 | author-link = Alberto Siliotti
 |   isbn=9780760733257
  |  url=https://books.google.com/books?id=owicnQAACAAJ
 | access-date= 24 February 2026
  |  year=1997
  |  publisher=[[Barnes &amp; Noble ]]
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn| Smith|1878}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last= Smith
 |first= William
|author-link = William Smith (lexicographer)
 |url= https://archive.org/details/anewclassicaldi00unkngoog
 |title=A New Classical Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography, Mythology And Geography
 |date= 1878
 |publisher= [[Harper &amp; Brothers]]
 |lccn=04035163
 |access-date=7 January 2026
}}
 
&lt;!-- {{sfn| Stokes|2009 |p=??}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last=  Stokes
 |first=  Jamie
 |url= https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpe0000unse_h6k0 
 |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East
 |volume=2
 |date= 2009 
  |isbn=9781438126760
 |publisher=  [[Facts On File]]
 |access-date=13 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 334–364
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/334
| chapter = The Hydrology of the Nile Basin
| first= John
| last = Sutcliffe
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talbot|Williams|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 37–60
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/37
| chapter =   Cenozoic Evolution of the Nile Basin  
| first1=     Michael 
| last1 =  Talbot
| first2=     Martin
| last2 =  Williams
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talling|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 23–34
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/23
| chapter =     History of Scientific Research
| first=    Jack 
| last = Talling
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talling|2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 367–394
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/367
| chapter =  Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics
| first=    Jack 
| last = Talling
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Tian|2025|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
| title =Ancient Egypt in Video Games
|editor-first=Jennifer 
|editor-last=  Cromwell
| isbn = 9783111534022
|year=2025
|  publisher = [[de Gruyter Oldenbourg]]
| chapter = Pharaohs, Labourers and Wonder Builders: Illustrating Ancient Egypt with Game Mechanics in Strategy Games 
| pages = 87–110
| last= Tian 
|first=Tian
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Tvedt|2021}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | title= The Nile: History's Greatest River
 | last=Tvedt
 | first= Terje
 | author-link = Terje Tvedt
 | isbn= 9780755616800
 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=brYsEAAAQBAJ
 | access-date= 10 December 2025
 | year= 2021
 | publisher= [[Bloomsbury Publishing]]
 }}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Van Damme| Bocxlaer|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| series=Monographiae Biologicae
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 585–630
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/585
| chapter = Freshwater Molluscs of the Nile Basin, Past and Present
| first1= Dirk
| last1 = Van Damme
| first2= Bert
| last2 = Bocxlaer
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|Versluys|2002 |pp=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
|last1= Versluys
|first1=  M. J.
|year= 2002
|title=Aegyptiaca Romana : Nilotic Scenes and the Roman Views of Egypt
|publisher=  [[Brill Publishers]]
|url= https://archive.org/details/aegyptiacaromana0000vers
|access-date=15 January 2026
| isbn = 9004124403
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Vijverberg|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 163–192
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/163
| chapter =   Lake Tana: Source of the Blue Nile
| first=    Jacobus
| last = Vijverberg
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Warren| 2006 | p =352  }}. --&gt; 
* {{Cite book
 |last=Warren
 |first=John 
 |url=https://archive.org/details/evaporitessedime0000warr
 |title=Evaporites: Sediments, Resources and Hydrocarbons
 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]
 |year=2006 
|isbn=3540260110   
 |url-access=registration
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Williams |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 61–72
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/61
| chapter = Late Quaternary Environments in Nile Basin
| first= Martin
| last = Williams
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Williams |2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 771–780
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/771
| chapter = Human Impact on Nile Basin
| first= Martin
| last = Williams
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Witte |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 647–676
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/647
| chapter =   Fish Fauna of the Nile 
| first=     Frans  
| last =  Witte 
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Witte |2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 723–748
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/723
| chapter =  Fisheries of the Nile System 
| first=     Frans  
| last =  Witte 
| display-authors=etal
}}

====Journals and websites====

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abdelsalam|2018}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Abdelsalam |first1=Mohamed G.
|title=The Nile's journey through space and time: A geological perspective
|journal=Earth-Science Reviews
|date=February 2018
|volume=177
|pages=742–773
|doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.01.010
|doi-access=free |bibcode=2018ESRv..177..742A
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abdullah|2020}} 
* {{cite journal
|display-author1=1 |ref={{sfnref|Abdullah|2020}}
|last1=Abdullah |first1=Al-Noor |last2=Rahman |first2=Sanzidur |last3=Essex |first3=Stephen |last4=Benhin |first4=James
|title=Economic Contributions of Mega-Dam Infrastructure as Perceived by Local and Displaced Communities: A Case Study of Merowe Dam, Sudan
|journal=Agriculture |date=12 June 2020 |volume=10 |issue=6
|article-number=227
|doi=10.3390/agriculture10060227 |doi-access=free
}}
--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abotalib|2023}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Abotalib|2023}}
|last1=Abotalib |first1=Abotalib Z. |last2=Abdelhady |first2=Ahmed A. |last3=Heggy |first3=Essam |last4=Salem |first4=Salem G. |last5=Ismail |first5=Esam |last6=Ali |first6=Ahmed |last7=Khalil |first7=Mahmoud M. |title=Irreversible and Large-Scale Heavy Metal Pollution Arising From Increased Damming and Untreated Water Reuse in the Nile Delta
|journal=Earth's Future |date=March 2023 |volume=11 |issue=3
|article-number=e2022EF002987
|doi=10.1029/2022EF002987 |doi-access= free
|bibcode=2023EaFut..1102987A
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn| Alnaqbi|2022}} 
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Alnaqbi|2022}}
|last1=Alnaqbi |first1=Shaima |last2=Alasad |first2=Shamma |last3=Aljaghoub |first3=Haya |last4=Alami |first4=Abdul |last5=Abdelkareem |first5=Mohammad |last6=Olabi |first6=Abdul |title=Applicability of Hydropower Generation and Pumped Hydro Energy Storage in the Middle East and North Africa
|journal=Energies |date=25 March 2022 |volume=15 |issue=7
|article-number=2412
|doi=10.3390/en15072412 |doi-access=free
}}
--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Angurini|2021}} --&gt;
* {{cite news
 |url= https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/business/finance/eskom-invests-in-kiira-dam-water-controllers-3379660
 | title= Eskom Invests in Kiira Dam Water Controllers
| newspaper= [[Daily Monitor]]
|date=   2021
 |first=  Tom
| last=   Angurini
 |access-date=8 February 2026
 |location= Uganda
|oclc=	44216472
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Ayenalem|2023}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Ayenalem|2023}}
|last1=Ayenalem |first1=Abebe Yirga |last2=Fantini |first2=Emanuele |last3=Van der Zaag |first3=Pieter
|title=Popular culture and Nile hydropolitics: Amharic songs about the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam
|journal=International Journal of Water Governance |date=28 December 2023 |volume=10 |issue=1
|doi=10.59490/ijwg.10.2023.7359 |doi-access=free
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Beck|2018  }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Beck|2018}}
|last1=Beck |first1=Hylke E. |last2=Zimmermann |first2=Niklaus E. |last3=McVicar |first3=Tim R. |last4=Vergopolan |first4=Noemi |last5=Berg |first5=Alexis |last6=Wood |first6=Eric F. |title=Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution
|journal=Scientific Data |date=30 October 2018 |volume=5 |issue=1
|article-number=180214
|doi=10.1038/sdata.2018.214 |doi-access=free
|pmid=30375988
|pmc=6207062
|bibcode=2018NatSD...580214B
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Burton|1864|pp = 6–14 }}
* {{cite journal
|last1=Burton |first1=Richard F.
|author-link1=Richard Francis Burton
|title=On Lake Tanganyika, Ptolemy's Western Lake-Reservoir of the Nile
|journal=The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London |date=1865 |volume=35 |pages=1–15
|doi=10.2307/3698075 |jstor=3698075
}}

--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Creasman|) |pp = ?? }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Creasman|2010}}
|last1=Creasman |first1=Pearce Paul |last2=Doyle |first2=Noreen
|title=Overland Boat Transportation During the Pharaonic Period: Archaeology and Iconography
|journal=Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections |date=16 September 2010 |volume=2 |issue=3
|doi=10.2458/azu_jaei_v02i3_creasman
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Driouech |2020}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Driouech|2020}}
|last1=Driouech |first1=Fatima |last2=ElRhaz |first2=Khalid |last3=Moufouma-Okia |first3=Willfran |last4=Arjdal |first4=Khadija |last5=Balhane |first5=Saloua
|title=Assessing Future Changes of Climate Extreme Events in the CORDEX-MENA Region Using Regional Climate Model ALADIN-Climate
|journal=Earth Systems and Environment |date=September 2020 |volume=4 |issue=3
|pages=477–492
|doi=10.1007/s41748-020-00169-3 |doi-access=free
|bibcode=2020ESE.....4..477D
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|El Mahmoudi |2008  |pp = 53–67 }}. --&gt; 
* {{Cite journal 
|last1=El Mahmoudi 
|first1=A. 
|last2=Gabr 
|first2=A. 
|year=2008 
|title=Geophysical Surveys to Investigate the Relation Between the Quaternary Nile Channels and the Messinian Nile Canyon at East Nile Delta, Egypt
|journal=Arabian Journal of Geosciences 
|publisher=Springer Nature 
|volume=2 
|issue=1 
|pages=53–67 
|doi=10.1007/s12517-008-0018-9 
|issn=1866-7511}}

&lt;!--   {{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}} --&gt;
* {{Cite news
 |newspaper= [[Reuters]]
 |last=   Endeshaw
 |first= Dawit  
 |date=  2025
|title=Ethiopia Opens Africa's Largest Hydroelectric Dam to Egyptian Protest
|url=https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/boards-policy-regulation/ethiopia-opens-africas-largest-hydroelectric-dam-egyptian-protest-2025-09-09/ 
 |access-date=20 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn| Griffin| 2018 }} --&gt;
* {{cite news
 |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/nearly-completed-dam-on-white-nile-casts-a-long-shadow-1.3431735
 | title=Nearly Completed Dam on White Nile Casts a Long Shadow
| newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] 
|issn =	0791-5144
|date= 2018
 |first=Dan  
| last=Griffin
 |access-date=28 December 2021
 |location=Dublin, Ireland
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hafez |2024}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Hafez|2024}}
|last1=Hafez |first1=Ahmed M. |last2=Haggag |first2=Mohammed |last3=Wagdy |first3=Ahmad |last4=Radwan |first4=Hany G.
|title=Assessing the influences of future water development projects in Tekeze-Atbara-Setit basin on the Nile River inflow at Aswan, Egypt
|journal=Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies |date=December 2024 |volume=56
|article-number=102007
|doi=10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102007 |doi-access=free
|bibcode=2024JHyRS..5602007H
}}

&lt;!--   {{sfn|Hailu   |2022 }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Hailu |first1=Ashebir Dingeto
|title=Ethiopia hydropower development and Nile basin hydro politics
|journal=AIMS Energy |date=2022 |volume=10 |issue=1
|pages=87–101
|doi=10.3934/energy.2022006 |doi-access=free
}}

&lt;!--   {{sfn|Halsall|1998}}
* {{Cite web
 |last=Halsall
 |first=Paul
 |year = 1998
 | website = Ancient History Sourcebook
|title=Hymn to the Nile, C. 2100 BCE
|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt/literature/floodindex.html
 |access-date=20 November 2016
 |publisher=Fordham University
}}
 --&gt;
&lt;!--  {{sfn|Hassan|1997}} 
* {{cite journal
|last1=Hassan |first1=Fekri A.
|title=The dynamics of a riverine civilization: A geoarchaeological perspective on the Nile Valley, Egypt
|journal=World Archaeology |date=June 1997 |volume=29 |issue=1
|pages=51–74
|doi=10.1080/00438243.1997.9980363 |doi-access=free
}} 
--&gt;
&lt;!--  {{sfn|Hassan|2007}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Hassan |first1=Fekri A.
|title=The Aswan High Dam and the International Rescue Nubia Campaign
|journal=African Archaeological Review |date=December 2007 |volume=24 |issue=3–4
|pages=73–94
|doi=10.1007/s10437-007-9018-5 |jstor=40743449
}}</text>
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      <text bytes="53252" sha1="nxahtf7v74hbmamj0npy0fgwxd69edi" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Major river in northeast Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

'''Nile''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zɔri gindi [[Africa]] wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Mediterranean teeku ni. Di waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 7,088, di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari dunia zaa mɔɣa,{{efn|name=longest}} amaa ti yi kana ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili maa puuni di nyɛla din pɔra ni Amazon mini [[Congo River|Congo]]. Nile nyɛla din mali taarihi zaŋ jandi gbaŋsabila biɛhisi shee, daabilim  n-ti pahi kaya ni taada taarihi

Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi ayi: dinima nyɛ White Nile mini Blue Nile. White Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din waɣa ka nyɛ so'kam ni saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ din tiri Nile kom amaa  Blue Nile nyɛla din mali kom viɛnyɛla kamani buyi zuɣu gari White Nile. White Nile nyɛla din piligi miri [[Lake Victoria]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gindi Uganda mini South Sudan ka   Blue Nile mi nyɛ din piligi miri Lake Tana din be Ethiopia ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chaŋ hali ni Sudan. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Sudannima tiŋ zuɣu Khartoum. Bin din gbaai ni Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo n chaŋ nti gari Nubian Desert n saa gari chaŋ Egypt tiŋ zuɣu [[Cairo]] ka di yi zo n lu Mediterranean teeku din miri [[Alexandria]].

Nile mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din paai yuma kamani 15,000. Di nyɛla din zɔri gindi kamani tiŋgbana pin'yini. Nile kom nyɛla din yirina saa mibu ni, sa'kom din yirina [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]. Tiŋgbana kamani {{snd}}[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]] n-ti pahi South Sudan nyɛla tiŋgbani shɛŋa din bi tooi nyari saa ka dizuɣu chɛ ka bɛ tooi mali mɔɣa niŋdi pukparilim. tiŋgbani shɛŋa din gba lahi be bee yaɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be Nile Basin nyɛ [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Eritrea]] nti pahi [[Rwanda]].

== Yuya mini gbunni ==

Silimiinsili bachi &quot;Nile&quot; nyɛla din yina [[Latin]] {{lang|la|Nilus}} mini  [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|Νεῖλος}} (Neilos) ka di nyɛ din yina Semitic bachi ''naḥal'', ka di gbunni nyɛ mɔɣili.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}
{{Quote box|align=right|width=30|[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] for {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}},&lt;br&gt;the word for 'river' or 'Nile':{{sfn|Gardiner|1964|pp=43,623}}{{efn|Other hieroglyphs for 'river' are presented in {{harvnb|Faulkner|1964|p=33}} and {{harvnb|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}.
}}  &lt;hiero&gt;M17-X1:D21-G43-N35:N35:N35&lt;/hiero&gt;
}}
Saha shɛli maa ha Egyptnima balli ni, lala bachi Ŋɔ nyɛla yuusiri shɛli zaŋ n-ti 'Nile' mini mɔɣili': {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}}.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}} Egyptnima nyɛla ban booni bɛ tiŋgbani {{lang|egy-latn|kmt}} ka di gbunni nyɛ  'sabinli',  di nyɛla din jandi sabinli zaŋ n-ti i Nile kom nahingbaŋ.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=339, 470}} Silimiinsili yuli  &quot;Blue Nile&quot; nyɛla lɛbiginsim din yina Larigu yuli ''Al-Baḥr Al-Azraq''.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}&lt;!--
{{efn|The waters of the Blue Nile are very dark during the winter flood season, as they carry vast amounts of sediment downstream.{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|pp=503-504}} 
}} --&gt;

Saha ŋɔ mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali bɔbugu Nile Basin. Egypt tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli ''Al-Nīl'', ''Baḥr Al-Nīl'' bee ''Nahr Al-Nīl''.&lt;ref name=Barh&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Badawi|2003 |p=717}}.
|{{harvnb|Hurst|2025}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--
{{efn|''Bahr'' is 'sea'; ''Nahr'' is 'river'.&lt;ref name=Barh/&gt;
}} --&gt; South Sudan tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli Arabic ''Baḥr el-Jebel'', {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}} ka di gbunni nyɛ 'Mountain River'.{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=6}}  Uganda tiŋgbani, ninvuɣ shɛba ban yɛri Luganda nyɛla ban booni li ''Kiyira''.{{sfn|Hamilton |2016|p=66}} Nubian niriba zaŋ n-ti Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yuusiri [[Nobiin language|Nobiin]] yuli ''Áman Dawū'' ('Great Water').{{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=8}}

Di nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi (mɔɣ'bihi shɛŋa dabam gba nyɛla din chaŋ na nti chirigi Nile) di shɛŋa nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ: 
* Albert Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Lake Albert chani Nimule&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Dumont|2009|pp=5,6,40}}.
|{{harvnb| Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Black Nile{{snd}}Yuli shɛli dabam zaŋ n-ti Atbarah mɔɣili &lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Haupt|1926|p=305}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Blue Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Kyoga Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka din zɔri yiri [[Lake Kyoga]] chani Lake Albert{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}
* Main Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Blue Nile mini White Nile{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=4}} 
* [[Mountain Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Uganda chani South Sudan{{sfn|Talling|2009|p=390}}&lt;!-- 
{{efn|The Mountain Nile is also called ''Baḥr al-Jabal'' or ''Baḥr el-Jebel'' in Arabic.
}} --&gt;
* Victoria Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri  [[Lake Victoria]] chani Lake Kyoga{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=5}}
* [[White Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Yellow Nile{{snd}} [[Wadi Howar]], mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Nile saha shɛli ha amaa ka nyɛ din daa kuui yuma din gari maa{{sfn| Dumont|2009|p=4}}
[[File:Nile River Sources.svg|thumb|alt= A map of northeast Africa. The Nile is visible as a meandering blue line, running vertically. The river starts at the bottom in green forested area, and goes upward then ends in a blue sea at the top.| The Nile has six [[Nile cataracts|cataracts]]{{efn| Some of the cataracts have been submerged by human-made reservoirs.}} and several sources.  ]]

{{clear}}[[File:Nile River Landmarks.svg|thumb|The waters of the Nile originate as rainfall in the mountains in the south and east regions of the Nile Basin.|alt=A map of northeast Africa, showing the location of several cities and tourist sights on the river]]

&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

====Sources and sinks: geographic basins====
[[Fil&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

e:Nile River discharge flow gauge locations.svg|thumb|The water balance tables of this article contain water flow information measured at the twelve stations shown in this map.&lt;ref name=HydroData/&gt;{{efn|name=StnNames}}|alt=A map of northeast Africa. The Nile River is drawn, and there are a dozen landmarks shown on the map, at various points of the river]]

{|   class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible  mw-uncollapsed nowrap defaultright col1left sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Geographic basin water balance (annual)&lt;ref name=HydroData&gt;{{harvnb|Senay|2014|loc=Tables 3,4,5 and 6;  Sec 3.5.5 (Source/Sink)}}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|name=exclGERD}}{{efn|name=TableLegend|Hydrology Table Legend:{{sfn|Senay|2014}}
* ''Precip'' - Precipitation (P)
* ''Evap''- Evapotranspiration (ET)
* ''Water Bal'' - Precip-ET
* ''Discharge'' - River flow at measuring station (average of the entire year)
* ''Source or Sink '' - Is basin a significant source or sink of water?
}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin's&lt;br /&gt;downstream&lt;br /&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 1 [[Lake Victoria]] outlet{{efn|Measured at [[Nalubaale dam]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (74) || 264,259 || 353   || 279   || 57
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2 [[Murchison Falls]]{{efn|Measured at [[Paara (Uganda)]], slightly downstream from Murchison Falls.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (15) || 85,513 || 109   || 94     || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |3 [[Mongalla, South Sudan|Mongalla]]{{efn|Measured at [[Mongalla, South Sudan]], about 40 km downstream (north) of [[Juba]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) || 131,691 || 159 || 158    || 5
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 4 [[Malakal]]{{efn|Malakal is after the confluence of the White Nile and Sobat. It includes both [[Bahr el Ghazal River|Bahr el Ghazal]] and [[Sobat River]] tributaries.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−159)  || 925,160|| 798   || 957   || 150
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |5 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Measured at [[Al Mogran]] before the Blue Nile confluence (includes only the White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |{{D-N|Sink}} (−40) || 257,130 || 134   || 174   || 14
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 6 [[Roseires Dam|Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
| {{D-P|Source}} (105) ||  188,296|| 246  || 142 || 70
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |7 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Includes only Blue Nile (excludes White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
| {{D-W|Neutral}} (10) || 118,651|| 96  || 72   || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |8 [[Khashm el Girba]]{{efn|Roughly at the midpoint of the Atbarah river.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 | {{D-P|Source}} (30) ||  100,318|| 95   || 66  || 10
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 9 Mouth of [[Atbarah River]]{{efn |Measured at the Kilo3 station, where the Atbarah joins the Nile.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (−3) || 104,051 || 22  || 25 || 1
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 11 [[Aswan Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  188,011||2 || 13  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |12 [[Cairo]]/[[Nile Delta|Delta]]{{efn|Station is El Ekhsase, near Cairo. Basin data includes the Nile Delta, even though the delta is downstream of the station.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2, Sec 2.2.5}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  145,293||3  || 12  || 0
|}

[[File:The Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea (iss071e405499).jpg | thumb | The Nile (bottom) flows through Egypt's desert, which was much wetter during the [[African humid period]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Humid&quot;&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Kuper |Kröpelin|2006 |pp=803–807}}.  Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Bunbury|2023 |pp=47,57}}. Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Shoup|2017|loc=Articles: &quot;Culture of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of Egypt: Ancient&quot;, &quot;History of Sudan: Ancient Kush and Nubia&quot;, &quot;Atbara River&quot;}}. Nubian (Sudanese) culture in Sudan.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; |alt=A satellite photo of Egypt, showing mostly sandy ground, with a dark, meandering river flowing through the sand, emptying into a sea. ]]

[[File:Journey to Abydos, Tomb of Pairy MET DT10886.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|alt=A painting on a wall of a boat on a river, with Ancient Egyptians rowing it|Ancient Egyptians used boats extensively for transport. This image is from the [[TT139|Tomb of Pairy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ancientTransport&quot;&gt;
{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Van de Moortel|2007}}.
|{{harvnb|Creasman|2010}}. 
}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

===Post-colonial era===
[[File:Großer Tempel (Abu Simbel) 31.jpg|thumb|The [[Abu Simbel|Abu Simbel temples]] were relocated to higher ground when the [[Aswan High Dam]] was built and submerged their original location.{{sfn|Fleming  |Lothian |1997 |pp=135-136}} 
|alt=A huge rock sculpture of four kings sitting on thrones.]]
Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa deegi bɛ maŋsulinsi Britain yuuni 1950s sunsuuni.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-23}}{{efn|name=EgyptIndep|Egypt became nominally independent in 1922, but Britain maintained control of foreign policy and kept armed forces near the Suez Canal.  Full independence was achieved in 1957 after the [[Suez Crisis]].{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|pp=63-68}}}} Yuuni 1959 Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa labi lihi bɛ yuuni 1929 kom laɣim yuusi saawara. Bɛ ni daa labi gbaai saawara shɛli maa nyɛla din daa wuhi ni bɛ yɛn laɣimi yuusiri kom ŋɔ, ka daa yɛlli ni Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yɛn yuusiri kom maa kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 55.5 mini 18.5 billion cubic meters gabaadaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=122–123}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|pp=22–24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbani shɛŋa din be mɔɣili maa zuɣusaa nyɛla bɛ ni daa yihi shɛba lala saawara maa gbaabu ni, di shɛli nyɛ Ethiopia ka di gba nyɛ din tiri mɔɣili maa kom.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}

Yuuni 1959 saawara ŋɔ gbaabu maa nyɛla din daa ti Egypt mini Sudan soli ni bɛ gbi kulibɔna ka di nyɛ binshɛli bɛ ni daa niŋ: Egypt nyɛla ban daa gbi Aswan High Dam (di nyɛla din daa naai yuuni 1970); Sudan nyɛla ban daa gbi  [[Khashm el-Girba Dam]] (1964), [[Roseires Dam]] (1966), [[Merowe Dam]] (2009), n ti pahi [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex]] (2017).{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}{{efn|The 1959 agreement also provided for financial compensation paid from Egypt to Sudan for the displacement of [[Nubians]] as a result of the new reservoir behind the Aswan High Dam.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-24}}}}

[[File:GERD 3.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025, generates over 5 gigawatts.{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}}|alt=A photograph of large concrete dam and the reservoir it creates.  The photo is taken from an aerial viewpoint, looking down from above.  Large plumes of white water spray over a spillway.]]
[[File:Desert agriculture in Egypt (Copernicus 2024-02-03).jpg|thumb|alt=An aerial photograph of a yellow sandy desert to the west of the Nile. Over forty green circles are visible, where irrigation water has been used to grow crops.|These crops in Egypt (near the [[Toshka Lakes]]) are the result of [[New Valley Project|an irrigation system]] that pumps Nile water out of [[Lake Nasser]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|&quot;Desert Agriculture&quot;, ''Copernicus Programme''}}.
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=84–85}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
]]
{{efn|This table only includes hydropower stations with capacities over 100 MW.  Smaller stations including [[Assiut Barrage]], [[Jebel Aulia Dam]], [[Naga Hammadi dam]], [[Esna Power Plant]], and  [[Tis Abay I, II]]   are not included. Hydropower stations ''outside'' the Nile Basin are not included, such as Ethiopia's [[Gilgel Gibe I Dam|Gilgel Gibe Dams I]], [[Gilgel Gibe II Dam|II]], and [[Gilgel Gibe III Dam|III]].}}
{| class= &quot;wikitable defaultright col2center col5center sortable&quot;
|+ Major hydropower stations in the Nile Basin{{efn|Colors in the &quot;Landmark&quot; column indicate the country in which the hydropower station is located.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Hydropower&lt;br&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nearby&lt;br&gt;landmark
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year&lt;br&gt;completed
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Nameplate capacity|Power]]&lt;br&gt;(MW, in 2025)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Tributary
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Aswan Low Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan, Egypt]]}} ||1902, 1912, 1933, 1985||  550{{sfn|&quot;Aswan Low Dam&quot;, ''Egypt MOEE'' }} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Aswan High Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan]] Egypt}} || 1970 || 2,100{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=149}} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Merowe Dam]]
| {{WinDL|[[Merowe, Sudan]]  }}|| 2009 || 1,250{{sfn|&quot;Merowe Dam - Sudan&quot;, '' Abu Dhabi Fund for Development''}}  || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex|Upper Atbara and Setit]]
| {{WinDL| [[Showak|Showak, Sudan]] }}||  2017  || 320{{sfn|&quot;Upper Atbara Dam&quot;,  ''OPEC Fund for International Development''}}  || [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]] and [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Roseires Dam]]
| {{WinDL| [[Er Roseires|Er Roseires, Sudan]]}} || 1966, 2013  || 280{{sfn|&quot;Roseires Dam&quot;, ''IHA''}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Beles Hydroelectric Power Plant|Tana Beles]]
| {{partial|[[Lake Tana|Lake Tana, Ethiopia]]}} || 2010 || 460{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || [[Beles River]], Blue Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Tekezé Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Tekezé River|Tekezé River, Ethiopia]]}} || 2009 || 300{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}}    || [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]], [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Bameza|Bameza, Ethiopia]] }}|| 2020 || 5,150{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Fincha Hydroelectric Power Station|Fincha]]
| {{partial| [[Fincha'a|Fincha'a, Ethiopia]]}} || 1973|| 134{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || Blue Nile (Chomen Lake) 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station|Karuma]]
| {{nom|  [[Karuma Falls|Karuma Falls, Uganda ]]}} || 2024 || 600{{sfn|&quot;Karuma&quot;, ''Uganda Radio Network''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Isimba Hydroelectric Power Station|Isimba]]
| {{nom| [[Kamuli District|Kamuli District, Uganda]]}}|| 2019 || 183{{sfn|&quot;Isimba Power Station&quot;, ''UEGCL''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Bujagali Hydroelectric Power Station|Bujagali]]
| {{nom| [[Bujagali Falls|Bujagali Falls, Uganda]]}}|| 2012|| 250{{sfn|Griffin|2018}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Kiira Hydroelectric Power Station|Kiira]]
| {{nom| [[Kimaka|Kimaka, Uganda]]}}|| 2003 || 200{{sfn|Angurini|2021}} || Victoria Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Nalubaale Hydroelectric Power Station|Nalubaale]]
| {{nom| [[Jinja, Uganda]]}} || 1954|| 180{{Sfn|Tumwesigye|2011|p=10}}  ||   Victoria Nile
|}
 &lt;!-- 
{{
efn|
The river has several major cities on or near its banks including Cairo, [[Khartoum]], [[Juba]], and [[Kampala]]. These cities have hotels and facilities for tourists, such as the [[Speke Resort and Conference Center]], opened in Kampala in 2007.{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|p=217}} 
}} --&gt;

== In culture==

===Art and literature===
{{Multiple image
| width             = 
| total_width       = 425
| perrow            = 2

| image1            = Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes, Tomb of Menna MET DT10878.jpg
| alt1              = A painting of two boats on a river, with ancient Egyptian men and women standing on the boats, catching fish from the river.  
| caption1          = This ancient Egyptian artwork, &quot;Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes&quot;, is within the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]].{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}

| image2            =Maler der Grabkammer des Menna 003.jpg
| alt2            = A painting of some dead fish, from the Tomb of Menna
| caption2          = A [[Nile crocodile]] eating fish.{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}{{efn|Detail of larger artwork in the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]]{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}} }}
 
| image3            = 0 Mosaïque à scène mytholgique - villa Severi - Pal. Massimo 3.JPG
| alt3              = A large mosaic artwork.  It is a landscape of a river, with animals and people in the river, including crocodiles and hippos.
| caption3          = [[Nilotic landscape]]s, such as this 2nd century Roman  mosaic, often displayed crocodiles and hippos.&lt;ref name=Nilotic_Egyptian/&gt;

| image4            = New Wing, Vatican Museums (25497052238) (cropped).jpg
| alt4              = A large marble sculpture, inside a formal room. The main object is a reclining nude man, surrounded by many children, as well as some animals.
| caption4          = ''[[Personification of the River Nile]]'' is a colossal marble sculpture from {{circa}} 2nd century CE Rome{{snd}}now in the [[Vatican Museum]].&lt;ref name=colossal/&gt;

}}
T{{clear }}

==Kundivihira ==
===Footnotes===
{{notelist}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Betancourt|2007|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=Introduction to Aegean Art
 |first1= P.P
 |last1=Betancourt
| author-link=Philip Betancourt
| isbn= 9781623030841
| year= 2007
 | url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoae0000beta
| publisher= [[Institute for Aegean Prehistory]]
| access-date= 1 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Bunbury  |2023|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=River Culture 
 |chapter = The Egyptian Nile
 | editor-last=Wantzen 
 |editor-first= Karl M.
 |first1= Judith 
 |last1= Bunbury 
 |display-authors=etal
 |pages = 43–78 
| author-link= Judith Bunbury
| isbn=  9789231005404
|doi=10.54677/HHMI3947
| year= 2023
 | url= https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 
| publisher= [[UNESCO]]
| access-date= 10 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Camberlin|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =307–333
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/307
| chapter = Nile Basin Climates
| first= Pierre
| last = Camberlin
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Collins|2002|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title= The Nile
 |first1= Robert 
 |last1= Collins
| author-link= Robert O. Collins
| isbn=  9780300097641
| year= 2002
 | url= https://archive.org/details/nile00robe
| publisher=  [[Yale University Press]]
| access-date= 16 March 2026
}}  The &quot;Bibliographical Essay&quot; (pp. 245{{ndash}}248) lists books about the Nile River.

&lt;!--{{sfn|Dumont |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 1–22
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/1
| chapter = A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources
| first= Henri
| last = Dumont
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Eggermont |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 243–262
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/883
| chapter = Rwenzori Mountains (Mountains of the Moon): Headwaters of the Nile
| first= Hilde
| last = Eggermont
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|Dumont|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 95–124
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/95
| chapter =  The Fayum Depression
| first1= Gamal
| last1 = El-Shabrawy
| first2= Henri
| last2 = Dumont
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 125–156
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/125
| chapter =  Lake Nasser-Nubia
| first1= Gamal
| last1 = El-Shabrawy
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Sheekh |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 395–406
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/395
| chapter =   River Nile Pollutants and Their Effect on Life Forms and Water Quality
| first1=  Mostafa 
| last1 = El-Sheekh
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Embabi   |2018  | pp=&gt;? }} --&gt; 
* {{Cite book 
|last=Embabi 
|first=N.S.
 |title=Landscapes and Landforms of Egypt
 |year=2018
 |isbn=9783319656595
|publisher=[[Springer Nature]]
 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8_4
|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8
 |access-date=4 February 2020 
|archive-date=4 February 2020 
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204215026/https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8
 |url-status=live
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Faulkner|1964 |p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |first= Raymond
 |last = Faulkner
 |author-link =  Raymond O. Faulkner
 |title= A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian
 |year=  1964 
 |orig-year=  1962  
 |publisher = [[Griffith Institute]]
 |url=  https://archive.org/details/concisedictionar0000faul/
 |access-date = 26 March 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Fierro|Nyer|2007|p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | last1 =  Fierro
| first1 =  Pedro
| first2 =  Evan K.
| last2 =  Nyer
 | title = The Water Encyclopedia: Hydrologic Data and Internet Resources
 | publisher = [[CRC Press]]
| year =  2007
 | isbn = 9781420012583 
 | url  = https://archive.org/details/waterencyclopedi0000unse_j5x4
 | access-date = 24 March 2026
 }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Fleming |Lothian  |1997 |p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | last1 = Fleming
| first1 = Fergus 
| first2 = Alan
| last2 = Lothian
 | title = The Way to Eternity: Egyptian Myth
 | publisher = Duncan Baird 
| year = 1997
 | isbn = 0705435032
 | url =https://archive.org/details/waytoeternityegy00flem
 }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Gardiner|1964|p =?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |first= Alan
 |last = Gardiner
 |author-link = Alan Gardiner
 |title=Egyptian Grammar  
 |year= 1964 
 |edition =3rd
 |orig-year= 1927
 |publisher = [[Oxford University Press ]]
 |url=https://archive.org/details/egyptiangrammar0000alan 
 |access-date = 26 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 499–520
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/499
| chapter = The Oligochaeta of the Nile Basin Revisited 
| first= Samir
| last = Ghabbour
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =205–214
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/205
| chapter =  The Kyoga Catchment
| first= Jim
| last = Green
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 705–720
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/705
| chapter =   Birds of the Nile
| first= Jim
| last = Green
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|El-Moghraby|2009|pp=???}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 193–204
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/193
| chapter = Swamps of the Upper White Nile
| first1= Jim
| last1 = Green
| first2= Asim
| last2 = El-Moghraby
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hamilton |2016|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=Luganda Dictionary and Grammar 
 |first1=  Alan
 |last1= Hamilton
| isbn=  9780954149611
| year=    2016 
 | url= https://archive.org/details/lugandadictionar0000hami
| publisher=  Alan Hamilton
| access-date= 31 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Hamza|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 75–94
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/75
| chapter = The Nile Delta
| first= Waleed
| last = Hamza
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hart|2005|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last=Hart
|first=George
|author-link=George Hart (Egyptologist)
|title=The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
|edition=Second
|year=2005
|publisher=[[Routledge]]
|isbn=  0415344956
|url=https://archive.org/details/edg-the-routledge-dictionary-of-egyptian-gods
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|Holl|2025|pp=355–375}} 
* {{cite book
|last1=Holl
 |first1=Augustin
 |title=General History of Africa
 |volume=IX: General history of Africa Revisited 
 |chapter =Ancient Civilizations of Africa
|publisher=[[UNESCO]]
|pages=355–375
|year=2025
|isbn=9789231008092
|chapter-url = https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000396045?posInSet=1&amp;queryId=N-EXPLORE-612fe50c-9ec6-4256-8bd3-7b7ec50033a7
|access-date=2 February 2026
}}--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hornung|1982|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last=Hornung
|first=Erik
|author-link=Erik Hornung
|translator-first=John
|translator-last=Baines
|translator-link= John Baines (Egyptologist)
|others=Original in German.
|title=Conceptions of God in Egypt: The One and the Many
|publisher=[[Cornell University Press]]
|year=1982
|orig-year= 1971
| isbn=9780801412233
| url= https://archive.org/details/conceptionsofgod0000horn_q6b3
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hughes|1992|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last1=Hughes
|first1=Ralph H.
|display-authors=etal
|title=IUCN Directory of African Wetlands
 |url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1992-007.pdf
|access-date=2013-03-25
 |year=1992
|publisher= [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]]
|isbn=9782880329495
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Lehman|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =215–242
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/215
| chapter =   Lake Victoria
| first=  John
| last = Lehman
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last= Murray
|first= G. W.
|title=An English-Nubian Comparative Dictionary
|year= 1923
|publisher= [[Humphrey Milford]], [[Oxford University Press]]
|url=https://archive.org/details/englishnubiancom0004gwmu_4
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Okidi|1994|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Okidi
 |first=C. O.
 |editor-first1=P.P.
 |editor-last1=Howell
 |editor-first2=J. J.
 |editor-last2=Alan
 |isbn=9780521450409
 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521450409/page/321
 |access-date=12 January 2026
 |title=The Nile: Sharing a Scarce Resource
 |chapter=History of the Nile and Lake Victoria Basins through Treaties
 |pages=321–350
 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
 |year=1994
}}

 &lt;!-- {{sfn|Redford  |2001|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |year=   2001
 |title=   Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
 | volume = 2
 |editor-last1= Redford  
 |editor-first1=   Donald B.
|editor-link1=  Donald B. Redford
 |publisher= Oxford University Press
 |url=   https://archive.org/details/oxfordencyclopediaofancientegyptvolume2
 |access-date=26 March 2026
 |isbn=  0195138228 
}}

 &lt;!-- {{sfn|Redford  |2001a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |year=   2001a
 |title=   Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
 | volume =3
 |editor-last1= Redford  
 |editor-first1=   Donald B.
|editor-link1=  Donald B. Redford
 |publisher= Oxford University Press
 |url=  https://archive.org/details/oxfordencyclopediaofancientegyptvolume3
 |access-date=26 March 2026
 |isbn=  0195138236
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Roach|2025|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=  Roach
 |first= Steven
 |year=  2025
 |chapter=Introduction: Nile Basin Politics and its Challenges
 |pages=1–16
 |title=Nile Basin Politics: From Coordinated to Cooperative Peace 
 |editor-last1=  Roach
 |editor-first1= Steven
 |editor-last2=  Hudson
 |editor-first2= Derrick
 |publisher= [[Edward Elgar Publishing]]
 |url=  https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollbook/book/9781803927176/9781803927176.xml
 | doi=10.4337/9781803927176
 |access-date=15 January 2026
 |isbn=  9781803927176 
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Robins|2008|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title= The Art of Ancient Egypt
  | last =Robins
  | first= Gay
 | author-link= Gay Robins
  |  isbn=9780674030657
  |  url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YD-z8hmdUMIC
  |access-date= 24 February 2026
 |   year=2008
 | orig-year=1997
  |  publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]
}}
 
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Rosenthal|2005}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=  Rosenthal
 |first= Lisa
 |year=  2005
 |title=Gender, Politics, and Allegory in the Art of Rubens
 |publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/genderpoliticsal0000rose
 |access-date=15 December 2025
 |isbn= 9780521842440
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Said|1993}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Said
 |first=Rushdi
 |author-link=Rushdi Said
 |year=1993
 |title=The River Nile: Geology, Hydrology, and Utilization
 |publisher=[[Pergamon Press]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/rivernilegeology0000said 
 |access-date=11 February 2026
 |isbn= 0080418864
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Schama|1995|pp=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Schama
 |first=Simon
|author-link=Simon Schama
 |year=1995
 |isbn=9780679402558
 |title=Landscape and Memory
 |publisher=[[A.A. Knopf]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/landscapememory0000scha_k7e4
 |access-date=15 December 2025
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Shahin|2002}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last=Shahin
 |first=Mamdouh
 |url=https://archive.org/details/hydrologywaterre0000shah
 |title=Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa
 |date=2002
 |publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
 |isbn=9781402008665
 | access-date=7 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Shoup|2017|loc= articleName }} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |  title=The Nile: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture
  |  last=Shoup
 |first= John A.
  | display-authors=etal
  |  isbn=9798216123323 
  |  url=https://archive.org/details/the-nile-an-encyclopedia-of-geography-history-and-culture
  | access-date= 14 February 2026
  |  year=2017
  |  publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] / [[ABC-CLIO]]
}} EBook.  The hardcover is {{isbn|9781440840401}}.

 &lt;!-- {{sfn| Siliotti|1997|p=?}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |  title=Guide to the Valley of the Kings
 |   last =Siliotti
 | first= Alberto
 | author-link = Alberto Siliotti
 |   isbn=9780760733257
  |  url=https://books.google.com/books?id=owicnQAACAAJ
 | access-date= 24 February 2026
  |  year=1997
  |  publisher=[[Barnes &amp; Noble ]]
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn| Smith|1878}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last= Smith
 |first= William
|author-link = William Smith (lexicographer)
 |url= https://archive.org/details/anewclassicaldi00unkngoog
 |title=A New Classical Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography, Mythology And Geography
 |date= 1878
 |publisher= [[Harper &amp; Brothers]]
 |lccn=04035163
 |access-date=7 January 2026
}}
 
&lt;!-- {{sfn| Stokes|2009 |p=??}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last=  Stokes
 |first=  Jamie
 |url= https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpe0000unse_h6k0 
 |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East
 |volume=2
 |date= 2009 
  |isbn=9781438126760
 |publisher=  [[Facts On File]]
 |access-date=13 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 334–364
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/334
| chapter = The Hydrology of the Nile Basin
| first= John
| last = Sutcliffe
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talbot|Williams|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 37–60
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/37
| chapter =   Cenozoic Evolution of the Nile Basin  
| first1=     Michael 
| last1 =  Talbot
| first2=     Martin
| last2 =  Williams
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talling|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 23–34
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/23
| chapter =     History of Scientific Research
| first=    Jack 
| last = Talling
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talling|2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 367–394
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/367
| chapter =  Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics
| first=    Jack 
| last = Talling
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Tian|2025|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
| title =Ancient Egypt in Video Games
|editor-first=Jennifer 
|editor-last=  Cromwell
| isbn = 9783111534022
|year=2025
|  publisher = [[de Gruyter Oldenbourg]]
| chapter = Pharaohs, Labourers and Wonder Builders: Illustrating Ancient Egypt with Game Mechanics in Strategy Games 
| pages = 87–110
| last= Tian 
|first=Tian
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Tvedt|2021}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | title= The Nile: History's Greatest River
 | last=Tvedt
 | first= Terje
 | author-link = Terje Tvedt
 | isbn= 9780755616800
 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=brYsEAAAQBAJ
 | access-date= 10 December 2025
 | year= 2021
 | publisher= [[Bloomsbury Publishing]]
 }}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Van Damme| Bocxlaer|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| series=Monographiae Biologicae
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 585–630
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/585
| chapter = Freshwater Molluscs of the Nile Basin, Past and Present
| first1= Dirk
| last1 = Van Damme
| first2= Bert
| last2 = Bocxlaer
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|Versluys|2002 |pp=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
|last1= Versluys
|first1=  M. J.
|year= 2002
|title=Aegyptiaca Romana : Nilotic Scenes and the Roman Views of Egypt
|publisher=  [[Brill Publishers]]
|url= https://archive.org/details/aegyptiacaromana0000vers
|access-date=15 January 2026
| isbn = 9004124403
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Vijverberg|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 163–192
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/163
| chapter =   Lake Tana: Source of the Blue Nile
| first=    Jacobus
| last = Vijverberg
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Warren| 2006 | p =352  }}. --&gt; 
* {{Cite book
 |last=Warren
 |first=John 
 |url=https://archive.org/details/evaporitessedime0000warr
 |title=Evaporites: Sediments, Resources and Hydrocarbons
 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]
 |year=2006 
|isbn=3540260110   
 |url-access=registration
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Williams |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 61–72
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/61
| chapter = Late Quaternary Environments in Nile Basin
| first= Martin
| last = Williams
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Williams |2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 771–780
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/771
| chapter = Human Impact on Nile Basin
| first= Martin
| last = Williams
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Witte |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 647–676
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/647
| chapter =   Fish Fauna of the Nile 
| first=     Frans  
| last =  Witte 
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Witte |2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 723–748
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/723
| chapter =  Fisheries of the Nile System 
| first=     Frans  
| last =  Witte 
| display-authors=etal
}}

====Journals and websites====

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abdelsalam|2018}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Abdelsalam |first1=Mohamed G.
|title=The Nile's journey through space and time: A geological perspective
|journal=Earth-Science Reviews
|date=February 2018
|volume=177
|pages=742–773
|doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.01.010
|doi-access=free |bibcode=2018ESRv..177..742A
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abdullah|2020}} 
* {{cite journal
|display-author1=1 |ref={{sfnref|Abdullah|2020}}
|last1=Abdullah |first1=Al-Noor |last2=Rahman |first2=Sanzidur |last3=Essex |first3=Stephen |last4=Benhin |first4=James
|title=Economic Contributions of Mega-Dam Infrastructure as Perceived by Local and Displaced Communities: A Case Study of Merowe Dam, Sudan
|journal=Agriculture |date=12 June 2020 |volume=10 |issue=6
|article-number=227
|doi=10.3390/agriculture10060227 |doi-access=free
}}
--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abotalib|2023}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Abotalib|2023}}
|last1=Abotalib |first1=Abotalib Z. |last2=Abdelhady |first2=Ahmed A. |last3=Heggy |first3=Essam |last4=Salem |first4=Salem G. |last5=Ismail |first5=Esam |last6=Ali |first6=Ahmed |last7=Khalil |first7=Mahmoud M. |title=Irreversible and Large-Scale Heavy Metal Pollution Arising From Increased Damming and Untreated Water Reuse in the Nile Delta
|journal=Earth's Future |date=March 2023 |volume=11 |issue=3
|article-number=e2022EF002987
|doi=10.1029/2022EF002987 |doi-access= free
|bibcode=2023EaFut..1102987A
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn| Alnaqbi|2022}} 
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Alnaqbi|2022}}
|last1=Alnaqbi |first1=Shaima |last2=Alasad |first2=Shamma |last3=Aljaghoub |first3=Haya |last4=Alami |first4=Abdul |last5=Abdelkareem |first5=Mohammad |last6=Olabi |first6=Abdul |title=Applicability of Hydropower Generation and Pumped Hydro Energy Storage in the Middle East and North Africa
|journal=Energies |date=25 March 2022 |volume=15 |issue=7
|article-number=2412
|doi=10.3390/en15072412 |doi-access=free
}}
--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Angurini|2021}} --&gt;
* {{cite news
 |url= https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/business/finance/eskom-invests-in-kiira-dam-water-controllers-3379660
 | title= Eskom Invests in Kiira Dam Water Controllers
| newspaper= [[Daily Monitor]]
|date=   2021
 |first=  Tom
| last=   Angurini
 |access-date=8 February 2026
 |location= Uganda
|oclc=	44216472
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Ayenalem|2023}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Ayenalem|2023}}
|last1=Ayenalem |first1=Abebe Yirga |last2=Fantini |first2=Emanuele |last3=Van der Zaag |first3=Pieter
|title=Popular culture and Nile hydropolitics: Amharic songs about the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam
|journal=International Journal of Water Governance |date=28 December 2023 |volume=10 |issue=1
|doi=10.59490/ijwg.10.2023.7359 |doi-access=free
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Beck|2018  }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Beck|2018}}
|last1=Beck |first1=Hylke E. |last2=Zimmermann |first2=Niklaus E. |last3=McVicar |first3=Tim R. |last4=Vergopolan |first4=Noemi |last5=Berg |first5=Alexis |last6=Wood |first6=Eric F. |title=Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution
|journal=Scientific Data |date=30 October 2018 |volume=5 |issue=1
|article-number=180214
|doi=10.1038/sdata.2018.214 |doi-access=free
|pmid=30375988
|pmc=6207062
|bibcode=2018NatSD...580214B
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Burton|1864|pp = 6–14 }}
* {{cite journal
|last1=Burton |first1=Richard F.
|author-link1=Richard Francis Burton
|title=On Lake Tanganyika, Ptolemy's Western Lake-Reservoir of the Nile
|journal=The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London |date=1865 |volume=35 |pages=1–15
|doi=10.2307/3698075 |jstor=3698075
}}

--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Creasman|) |pp = ?? }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Creasman|2010}}
|last1=Creasman |first1=Pearce Paul |last2=Doyle |first2=Noreen
|title=Overland Boat Transportation During the Pharaonic Period: Archaeology and Iconography
|journal=Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections |date=16 September 2010 |volume=2 |issue=3
|doi=10.2458/azu_jaei_v02i3_creasman
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Driouech |2020}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Driouech|2020}}
|last1=Driouech |first1=Fatima |last2=ElRhaz |first2=Khalid |last3=Moufouma-Okia |first3=Willfran |last4=Arjdal |first4=Khadija |last5=Balhane |first5=Saloua
|title=Assessing Future Changes of Climate Extreme Events in the CORDEX-MENA Region Using Regional Climate Model ALADIN-Climate
|journal=Earth Systems and Environment |date=September 2020 |volume=4 |issue=3
|pages=477–492
|doi=10.1007/s41748-020-00169-3 |doi-access=free
|bibcode=2020ESE.....4..477D
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|El Mahmoudi |2008  |pp = 53–67 }}. --&gt; 
* {{Cite journal 
|last1=El Mahmoudi 
|first1=A. 
|last2=Gabr 
|first2=A. 
|year=2008 
|title=Geophysical Surveys to Investigate the Relation Between the Quaternary Nile Channels and the Messinian Nile Canyon at East Nile Delta, Egypt
|journal=Arabian Journal of Geosciences 
|publisher=Springer Nature 
|volume=2 
|issue=1 
|pages=53–67 
|doi=10.1007/s12517-008-0018-9 
|issn=1866-7511}}

&lt;!--   {{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}} --&gt;
* {{Cite news
 |newspaper= [[Reuters]]
 |last=   Endeshaw
 |first= Dawit  
 |date=  2025
|title=Ethiopia Opens Africa's Largest Hydroelectric Dam to Egyptian Protest
|url=https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/boards-policy-regulation/ethiopia-opens-africas-largest-hydroelectric-dam-egyptian-protest-2025-09-09/ 
 |access-date=20 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn| Griffin| 2018 }} --&gt;
* {{cite news
 |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/nearly-completed-dam-on-white-nile-casts-a-long-shadow-1.3431735
 | title=Nearly Completed Dam on White Nile Casts a Long Shadow
| newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] 
|issn =	0791-5144
|date= 2018
 |first=Dan  
| last=Griffin
 |access-date=28 December 2021
 |location=Dublin, Ireland
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hafez |2024}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Hafez|2024}}
|last1=Hafez |first1=Ahmed M. |last2=Haggag |first2=Mohammed |last3=Wagdy |first3=Ahmad |last4=Radwan |first4=Hany G.
|title=Assessing the influences of future water development projects in Tekeze-Atbara-Setit basin on the Nile River inflow at Aswan, Egypt
|journal=Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies |date=December 2024 |volume=56
|article-number=102007
|doi=10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102007 |doi-access=free
|bibcode=2024JHyRS..5602007H
}}

&lt;!--   {{sfn|Hailu   |2022 }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Hailu |first1=Ashebir Dingeto
|title=Ethiopia hydropower development and Nile basin hydro politics
|journal=AIMS Energy |date=2022 |volume=10 |issue=1
|pages=87–101
|doi=10.3934/energy.2022006 |doi-access=free
}}

&lt;!--   {{sfn|Halsall|1998}}
* {{Cite web
 |last=Halsall
 |first=Paul
 |year = 1998
 | website = Ancient History Sourcebook
|title=Hymn to the Nile, C. 2100 BCE
|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt/literature/floodindex.html
 |access-date=20 November 2016
 |publisher=Fordham University
}}
 --&gt;
&lt;!--  {{sfn|Hassan|1997}} 
* {{cite journal
|last1=Hassan |first1=Fekri A.
|title=The dynamics of a riverine civilization: A geoarchaeological perspective on the Nile Valley, Egypt
|journal=World Archaeology |date=June 1997 |volume=29 |issue=1
|pages=51–74
|doi=10.1080/00438243.1997.9980363 |doi-access=free
}} 
--&gt;
&lt;!--  {{sfn|Hassan|2007}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Hassan |first1=Fekri A.
|title=The Aswan High Dam and the International Rescue Nubia Campaign
|journal=African Archaeological Review |date=December 2007 |volume=24 |issue=3–4
|pages=73–94
|doi=10.1007/s10437-007-9018-5 |jstor=40743449
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|Haupt|1926}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Haupt |first1=Paul
|author-link1=Paul Haupt
|title=Etymological and Critical Notes
|journal=The American Journal of Philology |date=1926 |volume=47 |issue=4
|pages=305–318 |doi=10.2307/289993 |jstor=289993
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Healy|2007|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
 |   title=Water Budgets: Foundations for Effective Water-Resources and Environmental Management
  |  last =Healy
 | first= R. W.
 |display-authors=etal
 |   url=https://water.usgs.gov/watercensus/AdHocComm/Background/WaterBudgets-FoundationsforEffectiveWater-ResourcesandEnvironmentalManagement.pdf
 |access-date= 14 January 2026
 |   year=2007
  |  publisher= [[U.S. Geological Survey]]
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hegab|2025}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Hegab|2025}}
|last1=Hegab |first1=Mahmoud H. |last2=El Sayed |first2=Seliem M. |last3=Ahmed |first3=Nasr M. |last4=Abdel-Aal |first4=Eman I. |last5=Kassem |first5=Doaa A. |last6=Gaber |first6=Khadiga M. |last7=Haroon |first7=Amany M. |last8=Abdel Gawad |first8=Soad S. |last9=Goher |first9=Mohamed E. |last10=Hussian |first10=Abd-Ellatif M.
|title=Evaluating the spatial pattern of water quality of the Nile River, Egypt, through multivariate analysis of chemical and biological indicators
|journal=Scientific Reports |date=4 March 2025 |volume=15 |issue=1
|article-number=7626
|doi=10.1038/s41598-025-89982-2
|pmid=40038343
|pmc=11880377
|bibcode=2025NatSR..15.7626H
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Holt|2026}} --&gt;
* {{Cite encyclopedia
|last1= Holt 
|first1= Peter 
|author-link1=Peter Holt (historian)
|display-authors=etal
|title=Egypt: Agriculture and Fishing
|year= 2026
|encyclopedia=[[Britannica]]
|url= https://www.britannica.com/place/Egypt/Agriculture-and-fishing
|access-date= 7 February 2026
}}</text>
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{{Short description|Major river in northeast Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

'''Nile''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zɔri gindi [[Africa]] wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Mediterranean teeku ni. Di waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 7,088, di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari dunia zaa mɔɣa,{{efn|name=longest}} amaa ti yi kana ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili maa puuni di nyɛla din pɔra ni Amazon mini [[Congo River|Congo]]. Nile nyɛla din mali taarihi zaŋ jandi gbaŋsabila biɛhisi shee, daabilim  n-ti pahi kaya ni taada taarihi

Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi ayi: dinima nyɛ White Nile mini Blue Nile. White Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din waɣa ka nyɛ so'kam ni saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ din tiri Nile kom amaa  Blue Nile nyɛla din mali kom viɛnyɛla kamani buyi zuɣu gari White Nile. White Nile nyɛla din piligi miri [[Lake Victoria]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gindi Uganda mini South Sudan ka   Blue Nile mi nyɛ din piligi miri Lake Tana din be Ethiopia ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chaŋ hali ni Sudan. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Sudannima tiŋ zuɣu Khartoum. Bin din gbaai ni Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo n chaŋ nti gari Nubian Desert n saa gari chaŋ Egypt tiŋ zuɣu [[Cairo]] ka di yi zo n lu Mediterranean teeku din miri [[Alexandria]].

Nile mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din paai yuma kamani 15,000. Di nyɛla din zɔri gindi kamani tiŋgbana pin'yini. Nile kom nyɛla din yirina saa mibu ni, sa'kom din yirina [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]. Tiŋgbana kamani {{snd}}[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]] n-ti pahi South Sudan nyɛla tiŋgbani shɛŋa din bi tooi nyari saa ka dizuɣu chɛ ka bɛ tooi mali mɔɣa niŋdi pukparilim. tiŋgbani shɛŋa din gba lahi be bee yaɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be Nile Basin nyɛ [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Eritrea]] nti pahi [[Rwanda]].

== Yuya mini gbunni ==

Silimiinsili bachi &quot;Nile&quot; nyɛla din yina [[Latin]] {{lang|la|Nilus}} mini  [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|Νεῖλος}} (Neilos) ka di nyɛ din yina Semitic bachi ''naḥal'', ka di gbunni nyɛ mɔɣili.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}
{{Quote box|align=right|width=30|[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] for {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}},&lt;br&gt;the word for 'river' or 'Nile':{{sfn|Gardiner|1964|pp=43,623}}{{efn|Other hieroglyphs for 'river' are presented in {{harvnb|Faulkner|1964|p=33}} and {{harvnb|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}.
}}  &lt;hiero&gt;M17-X1:D21-G43-N35:N35:N35&lt;/hiero&gt;
}}
Saha shɛli maa ha Egyptnima balli ni, lala bachi Ŋɔ nyɛla yuusiri shɛli zaŋ n-ti 'Nile' mini mɔɣili': {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}}.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}} Egyptnima nyɛla ban booni bɛ tiŋgbani {{lang|egy-latn|kmt}} ka di gbunni nyɛ  'sabinli',  di nyɛla din jandi sabinli zaŋ n-ti i Nile kom nahingbaŋ.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=339, 470}} Silimiinsili yuli  &quot;Blue Nile&quot; nyɛla lɛbiginsim din yina Larigu yuli ''Al-Baḥr Al-Azraq''.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}&lt;!--
{{efn|The waters of the Blue Nile are very dark during the winter flood season, as they carry vast amounts of sediment downstream.{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|pp=503-504}} 
}} --&gt;

Saha ŋɔ mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali bɔbugu Nile Basin. Egypt tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli ''Al-Nīl'', ''Baḥr Al-Nīl'' bee ''Nahr Al-Nīl''.&lt;ref name=Barh&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Badawi|2003 |p=717}}.
|{{harvnb|Hurst|2025}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--
{{efn|''Bahr'' is 'sea'; ''Nahr'' is 'river'.&lt;ref name=Barh/&gt;
}} --&gt; South Sudan tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli Arabic ''Baḥr el-Jebel'', {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}} ka di gbunni nyɛ 'Mountain River'.{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=6}}  Uganda tiŋgbani, ninvuɣ shɛba ban yɛri Luganda nyɛla ban booni li ''Kiyira''.{{sfn|Hamilton |2016|p=66}} Nubian niriba zaŋ n-ti Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yuusiri [[Nobiin language|Nobiin]] yuli ''Áman Dawū'' ('Great Water').{{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=8}}

Di nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi (mɔɣ'bihi shɛŋa dabam gba nyɛla din chaŋ na nti chirigi Nile) di shɛŋa nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ: 
* Albert Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Lake Albert chani Nimule&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Dumont|2009|pp=5,6,40}}.
|{{harvnb| Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Black Nile{{snd}}Yuli shɛli dabam zaŋ n-ti Atbarah mɔɣili &lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Haupt|1926|p=305}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Blue Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Kyoga Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka din zɔri yiri [[Lake Kyoga]] chani Lake Albert{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}
* Main Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Blue Nile mini White Nile{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=4}} 
* [[Mountain Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Uganda chani South Sudan{{sfn|Talling|2009|p=390}}&lt;!-- 
{{efn|The Mountain Nile is also called ''Baḥr al-Jabal'' or ''Baḥr el-Jebel'' in Arabic.
}} --&gt;
* Victoria Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri  [[Lake Victoria]] chani Lake Kyoga{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=5}}
* [[White Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Yellow Nile{{snd}} [[Wadi Howar]], mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Nile saha shɛli ha amaa ka nyɛ din daa kuui yuma din gari maa{{sfn| Dumont|2009|p=4}}
[[File:Nile River Sources.svg|thumb|alt= A map of northeast Africa. The Nile is visible as a meandering blue line, running vertically. The river starts at the bottom in green forested area, and goes upward then ends in a blue sea at the top.| The Nile has six [[Nile cataracts|cataracts]]{{efn| Some of the cataracts have been submerged by human-made reservoirs.}} and several sources.  ]]

{{clear}}[[File:Nile River Landmarks.svg|thumb|The waters of the Nile originate as rainfall in the mountains in the south and east regions of the Nile Basin.|alt=A map of northeast Africa, showing the location of several cities and tourist sights on the river]]

&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

====Sources and sinks: geographic basins====
[[Fil&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

e:Nile River discharge flow gauge locations.svg|thumb|The water balance tables of this article contain water flow information measured at the twelve stations shown in this map.&lt;ref name=HydroData/&gt;{{efn|name=StnNames}}|alt=A map of northeast Africa. The Nile River is drawn, and there are a dozen landmarks shown on the map, at various points of the river]]

{|   class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible  mw-uncollapsed nowrap defaultright col1left sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Geographic basin water balance (annual)&lt;ref name=HydroData&gt;{{harvnb|Senay|2014|loc=Tables 3,4,5 and 6;  Sec 3.5.5 (Source/Sink)}}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|name=exclGERD}}{{efn|name=TableLegend|Hydrology Table Legend:{{sfn|Senay|2014}}
* ''Precip'' - Precipitation (P)
* ''Evap''- Evapotranspiration (ET)
* ''Water Bal'' - Precip-ET
* ''Discharge'' - River flow at measuring station (average of the entire year)
* ''Source or Sink '' - Is basin a significant source or sink of water?
}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin's&lt;br /&gt;downstream&lt;br /&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 1 [[Lake Victoria]] outlet{{efn|Measured at [[Nalubaale dam]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (74) || 264,259 || 353   || 279   || 57
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2 [[Murchison Falls]]{{efn|Measured at [[Paara (Uganda)]], slightly downstream from Murchison Falls.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (15) || 85,513 || 109   || 94     || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |3 [[Mongalla, South Sudan|Mongalla]]{{efn|Measured at [[Mongalla, South Sudan]], about 40 km downstream (north) of [[Juba]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) || 131,691 || 159 || 158    || 5
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 4 [[Malakal]]{{efn|Malakal is after the confluence of the White Nile and Sobat. It includes both [[Bahr el Ghazal River|Bahr el Ghazal]] and [[Sobat River]] tributaries.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−159)  || 925,160|| 798   || 957   || 150
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |5 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Measured at [[Al Mogran]] before the Blue Nile confluence (includes only the White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |{{D-N|Sink}} (−40) || 257,130 || 134   || 174   || 14
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 6 [[Roseires Dam|Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
| {{D-P|Source}} (105) ||  188,296|| 246  || 142 || 70
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |7 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Includes only Blue Nile (excludes White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
| {{D-W|Neutral}} (10) || 118,651|| 96  || 72   || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |8 [[Khashm el Girba]]{{efn|Roughly at the midpoint of the Atbarah river.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 | {{D-P|Source}} (30) ||  100,318|| 95   || 66  || 10
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 9 Mouth of [[Atbarah River]]{{efn |Measured at the Kilo3 station, where the Atbarah joins the Nile.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (−3) || 104,051 || 22  || 25 || 1
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 11 [[Aswan Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  188,011||2 || 13  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |12 [[Cairo]]/[[Nile Delta|Delta]]{{efn|Station is El Ekhsase, near Cairo. Basin data includes the Nile Delta, even though the delta is downstream of the station.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2, Sec 2.2.5}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  145,293||3  || 12  || 0
|}

[[File:The Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea (iss071e405499).jpg | thumb | The Nile (bottom) flows through Egypt's desert, which was much wetter during the [[African humid period]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Humid&quot;&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Kuper |Kröpelin|2006 |pp=803–807}}.  Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Bunbury|2023 |pp=47,57}}. Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Shoup|2017|loc=Articles: &quot;Culture of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of Egypt: Ancient&quot;, &quot;History of Sudan: Ancient Kush and Nubia&quot;, &quot;Atbara River&quot;}}. Nubian (Sudanese) culture in Sudan.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; |alt=A satellite photo of Egypt, showing mostly sandy ground, with a dark, meandering river flowing through the sand, emptying into a sea. ]]

[[File:Journey to Abydos, Tomb of Pairy MET DT10886.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|alt=A painting on a wall of a boat on a river, with Ancient Egyptians rowing it|Ancient Egyptians used boats extensively for transport. This image is from the [[TT139|Tomb of Pairy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ancientTransport&quot;&gt;
{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Van de Moortel|2007}}.
|{{harvnb|Creasman|2010}}. 
}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

===Post-colonial era===
[[File:Großer Tempel (Abu Simbel) 31.jpg|thumb|The [[Abu Simbel|Abu Simbel temples]] were relocated to higher ground when the [[Aswan High Dam]] was built and submerged their original location.{{sfn|Fleming  |Lothian |1997 |pp=135-136}} 
|alt=A huge rock sculpture of four kings sitting on thrones.]]
Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa deegi bɛ maŋsulinsi Britain yuuni 1950s sunsuuni.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-23}}{{efn|name=EgyptIndep|Egypt became nominally independent in 1922, but Britain maintained control of foreign policy and kept armed forces near the Suez Canal.  Full independence was achieved in 1957 after the [[Suez Crisis]].{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|pp=63-68}}}} Yuuni 1959 Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa labi lihi bɛ yuuni 1929 kom laɣim yuusi saawara. Bɛ ni daa labi gbaai saawara shɛli maa nyɛla din daa wuhi ni bɛ yɛn laɣimi yuusiri kom ŋɔ, ka daa yɛlli ni Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yɛn yuusiri kom maa kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 55.5 mini 18.5 billion cubic meters gabaadaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=122–123}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|pp=22–24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbani shɛŋa din be mɔɣili maa zuɣusaa nyɛla bɛ ni daa yihi shɛba lala saawara maa gbaabu ni, di shɛli nyɛ Ethiopia ka di gba nyɛ din tiri mɔɣili maa kom.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}

Yuuni 1959 saawara ŋɔ gbaabu maa nyɛla din daa ti Egypt mini Sudan soli ni bɛ gbi kulibɔna ka di nyɛ binshɛli bɛ ni daa niŋ: Egypt nyɛla ban daa gbi Aswan High Dam (di nyɛla din daa naai yuuni 1970); Sudan nyɛla ban daa gbi  [[Khashm el-Girba Dam]] (1964), [[Roseires Dam]] (1966), [[Merowe Dam]] (2009), n ti pahi [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex]] (2017).{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}{{efn|The 1959 agreement also provided for financial compensation paid from Egypt to Sudan for the displacement of [[Nubians]] as a result of the new reservoir behind the Aswan High Dam.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-24}}}}

[[File:GERD 3.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025, generates over 5 gigawatts.{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}}|alt=A photograph of large concrete dam and the reservoir it creates.  The photo is taken from an aerial viewpoint, looking down from above.  Large plumes of white water spray over a spillway.]]
[[File:Desert agriculture in Egypt (Copernicus 2024-02-03).jpg|thumb|alt=An aerial photograph of a yellow sandy desert to the west of the Nile. Over forty green circles are visible, where irrigation water has been used to grow crops.|These crops in Egypt (near the [[Toshka Lakes]]) are the result of [[New Valley Project|an irrigation system]] that pumps Nile water out of [[Lake Nasser]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|&quot;Desert Agriculture&quot;, ''Copernicus Programme''}}.
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=84–85}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
]]
{{efn|This table only includes hydropower stations with capacities over 100 MW.  Smaller stations including [[Assiut Barrage]], [[Jebel Aulia Dam]], [[Naga Hammadi dam]], [[Esna Power Plant]], and  [[Tis Abay I, II]]   are not included. Hydropower stations ''outside'' the Nile Basin are not included, such as Ethiopia's [[Gilgel Gibe I Dam|Gilgel Gibe Dams I]], [[Gilgel Gibe II Dam|II]], and [[Gilgel Gibe III Dam|III]].}}
{| class= &quot;wikitable defaultright col2center col5center sortable&quot;
|+ Major hydropower stations in the Nile Basin{{efn|Colors in the &quot;Landmark&quot; column indicate the country in which the hydropower station is located.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Hydropower&lt;br&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nearby&lt;br&gt;landmark
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year&lt;br&gt;completed
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Nameplate capacity|Power]]&lt;br&gt;(MW, in 2025)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Tributary
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Aswan Low Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan, Egypt]]}} ||1902, 1912, 1933, 1985||  550{{sfn|&quot;Aswan Low Dam&quot;, ''Egypt MOEE'' }} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Aswan High Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan]] Egypt}} || 1970 || 2,100{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=149}} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Merowe Dam]]
| {{WinDL|[[Merowe, Sudan]]  }}|| 2009 || 1,250{{sfn|&quot;Merowe Dam - Sudan&quot;, '' Abu Dhabi Fund for Development''}}  || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex|Upper Atbara and Setit]]
| {{WinDL| [[Showak|Showak, Sudan]] }}||  2017  || 320{{sfn|&quot;Upper Atbara Dam&quot;,  ''OPEC Fund for International Development''}}  || [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]] and [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Roseires Dam]]
| {{WinDL| [[Er Roseires|Er Roseires, Sudan]]}} || 1966, 2013  || 280{{sfn|&quot;Roseires Dam&quot;, ''IHA''}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Beles Hydroelectric Power Plant|Tana Beles]]
| {{partial|[[Lake Tana|Lake Tana, Ethiopia]]}} || 2010 || 460{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || [[Beles River]], Blue Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Tekezé Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Tekezé River|Tekezé River, Ethiopia]]}} || 2009 || 300{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}}    || [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]], [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Bameza|Bameza, Ethiopia]] }}|| 2020 || 5,150{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Fincha Hydroelectric Power Station|Fincha]]
| {{partial| [[Fincha'a|Fincha'a, Ethiopia]]}} || 1973|| 134{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || Blue Nile (Chomen Lake) 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station|Karuma]]
| {{nom|  [[Karuma Falls|Karuma Falls, Uganda ]]}} || 2024 || 600{{sfn|&quot;Karuma&quot;, ''Uganda Radio Network''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Isimba Hydroelectric Power Station|Isimba]]
| {{nom| [[Kamuli District|Kamuli District, Uganda]]}}|| 2019 || 183{{sfn|&quot;Isimba Power Station&quot;, ''UEGCL''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Bujagali Hydroelectric Power Station|Bujagali]]
| {{nom| [[Bujagali Falls|Bujagali Falls, Uganda]]}}|| 2012|| 250{{sfn|Griffin|2018}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Kiira Hydroelectric Power Station|Kiira]]
| {{nom| [[Kimaka|Kimaka, Uganda]]}}|| 2003 || 200{{sfn|Angurini|2021}} || Victoria Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Nalubaale Hydroelectric Power Station|Nalubaale]]
| {{nom| [[Jinja, Uganda]]}} || 1954|| 180{{Sfn|Tumwesigye|2011|p=10}}  ||   Victoria Nile
|}
 &lt;!-- 
{{
efn|
The river has several major cities on or near its banks including Cairo, [[Khartoum]], [[Juba]], and [[Kampala]]. These cities have hotels and facilities for tourists, such as the [[Speke Resort and Conference Center]], opened in Kampala in 2007.{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|p=217}} 
}} --&gt;

== In culture==

===Art and literature===
{{Multiple image
| width             = 
| total_width       = 425
| perrow            = 2

| image1            = Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes, Tomb of Menna MET DT10878.jpg
| alt1              = A painting of two boats on a river, with ancient Egyptian men and women standing on the boats, catching fish from the river.  
| caption1          = This ancient Egyptian artwork, &quot;Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes&quot;, is within the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]].{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}

| image2            =Maler der Grabkammer des Menna 003.jpg
| alt2            = A painting of some dead fish, from the Tomb of Menna
| caption2          = A [[Nile crocodile]] eating fish.{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}{{efn|Detail of larger artwork in the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]]{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}} }}
 
| image3            = 0 Mosaïque à scène mytholgique - villa Severi - Pal. Massimo 3.JPG
| alt3              = A large mosaic artwork.  It is a landscape of a river, with animals and people in the river, including crocodiles and hippos.
| caption3          = [[Nilotic landscape]]s, such as this 2nd century Roman  mosaic, often displayed crocodiles and hippos.&lt;ref name=Nilotic_Egyptian/&gt;

| image4            = New Wing, Vatican Museums (25497052238) (cropped).jpg
| alt4              = A large marble sculpture, inside a formal room. The main object is a reclining nude man, surrounded by many children, as well as some animals.
| caption4          = ''[[Personification of the River Nile]]'' is a colossal marble sculpture from {{circa}} 2nd century CE Rome{{snd}}now in the [[Vatican Museum]].&lt;ref name=colossal/&gt;

}}
T{{clear }}

==Kundivihira ==
===Footnotes===
{{notelist}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Betancourt|2007|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=Introduction to Aegean Art
 |first1= P.P
 |last1=Betancourt
| author-link=Philip Betancourt
| isbn= 9781623030841
| year= 2007
 | url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoae0000beta
| publisher= [[Institute for Aegean Prehistory]]
| access-date= 1 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Bunbury  |2023|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=River Culture 
 |chapter = The Egyptian Nile
 | editor-last=Wantzen 
 |editor-first= Karl M.
 |first1= Judith 
 |last1= Bunbury 
 |display-authors=etal
 |pages = 43–78 
| author-link= Judith Bunbury
| isbn=  9789231005404
|doi=10.54677/HHMI3947
| year= 2023
 | url= https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 
| publisher= [[UNESCO]]
| access-date= 10 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Camberlin|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =307–333
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/307
| chapter = Nile Basin Climates
| first= Pierre
| last = Camberlin
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Collins|2002|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title= The Nile
 |first1= Robert 
 |last1= Collins
| author-link= Robert O. Collins
| isbn=  9780300097641
| year= 2002
 | url= https://archive.org/details/nile00robe
| publisher=  [[Yale University Press]]
| access-date= 16 March 2026
}}  The &quot;Bibliographical Essay&quot; (pp. 245{{ndash}}248) lists books about the Nile River.

&lt;!--{{sfn|Dumont |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 1–22
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/1
| chapter = A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources
| first= Henri
| last = Dumont
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Eggermont |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 243–262
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/883
| chapter = Rwenzori Mountains (Mountains of the Moon): Headwaters of the Nile
| first= Hilde
| last = Eggermont
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|Dumont|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 95–124
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/95
| chapter =  The Fayum Depression
| first1= Gamal
| last1 = El-Shabrawy
| first2= Henri
| last2 = Dumont
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 125–156
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/125
| chapter =  Lake Nasser-Nubia
| first1= Gamal
| last1 = El-Shabrawy
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Sheekh |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 395–406
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/395
| chapter =   River Nile Pollutants and Their Effect on Life Forms and Water Quality
| first1=  Mostafa 
| last1 = El-Sheekh
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Embabi   |2018  | pp=&gt;? }} --&gt; 
* {{Cite book 
|last=Embabi 
|first=N.S.
 |title=Landscapes and Landforms of Egypt
 |year=2018
 |isbn=9783319656595
|publisher=[[Springer Nature]]
 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8_4
|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8
 |access-date=4 February 2020 
|archive-date=4 February 2020 
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204215026/https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8
 |url-status=live
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Faulkner|1964 |p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |first= Raymond
 |last = Faulkner
 |author-link =  Raymond O. Faulkner
 |title= A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian
 |year=  1964 
 |orig-year=  1962  
 |publisher = [[Griffith Institute]]
 |url=  https://archive.org/details/concisedictionar0000faul/
 |access-date = 26 March 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Fierro|Nyer|2007|p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | last1 =  Fierro
| first1 =  Pedro
| first2 =  Evan K.
| last2 =  Nyer
 | title = The Water Encyclopedia: Hydrologic Data and Internet Resources
 | publisher = [[CRC Press]]
| year =  2007
 | isbn = 9781420012583 
 | url  = https://archive.org/details/waterencyclopedi0000unse_j5x4
 | access-date = 24 March 2026
 }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Fleming |Lothian  |1997 |p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | last1 = Fleming
| first1 = Fergus 
| first2 = Alan
| last2 = Lothian
 | title = The Way to Eternity: Egyptian Myth
 | publisher = Duncan Baird 
| year = 1997
 | isbn = 0705435032
 | url =https://archive.org/details/waytoeternityegy00flem
 }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Gardiner|1964|p =?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |first= Alan
 |last = Gardiner
 |author-link = Alan Gardiner
 |title=Egyptian Grammar  
 |year= 1964 
 |edition =3rd
 |orig-year= 1927
 |publisher = [[Oxford University Press ]]
 |url=https://archive.org/details/egyptiangrammar0000alan 
 |access-date = 26 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 499–520
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/499
| chapter = The Oligochaeta of the Nile Basin Revisited 
| first= Samir
| last = Ghabbour
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =205–214
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/205
| chapter =  The Kyoga Catchment
| first= Jim
| last = Green
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 705–720
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/705
| chapter =   Birds of the Nile
| first= Jim
| last = Green
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|El-Moghraby|2009|pp=???}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 193–204
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/193
| chapter = Swamps of the Upper White Nile
| first1= Jim
| last1 = Green
| first2= Asim
| last2 = El-Moghraby
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hamilton |2016|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=Luganda Dictionary and Grammar 
 |first1=  Alan
 |last1= Hamilton
| isbn=  9780954149611
| year=    2016 
 | url= https://archive.org/details/lugandadictionar0000hami
| publisher=  Alan Hamilton
| access-date= 31 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Hamza|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 75–94
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/75
| chapter = The Nile Delta
| first= Waleed
| last = Hamza
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hart|2005|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last=Hart
|first=George
|author-link=George Hart (Egyptologist)
|title=The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
|edition=Second
|year=2005
|publisher=[[Routledge]]
|isbn=  0415344956
|url=https://archive.org/details/edg-the-routledge-dictionary-of-egyptian-gods
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|Holl|2025|pp=355–375}} 
* {{cite book
|last1=Holl
 |first1=Augustin
 |title=General History of Africa
 |volume=IX: General history of Africa Revisited 
 |chapter =Ancient Civilizations of Africa
|publisher=[[UNESCO]]
|pages=355–375
|year=2025
|isbn=9789231008092
|chapter-url = https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000396045?posInSet=1&amp;queryId=N-EXPLORE-612fe50c-9ec6-4256-8bd3-7b7ec50033a7
|access-date=2 February 2026
}}--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hornung|1982|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last=Hornung
|first=Erik
|author-link=Erik Hornung
|translator-first=John
|translator-last=Baines
|translator-link= John Baines (Egyptologist)
|others=Original in German.
|title=Conceptions of God in Egypt: The One and the Many
|publisher=[[Cornell University Press]]
|year=1982
|orig-year= 1971
| isbn=9780801412233
| url= https://archive.org/details/conceptionsofgod0000horn_q6b3
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hughes|1992|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last1=Hughes
|first1=Ralph H.
|display-authors=etal
|title=IUCN Directory of African Wetlands
 |url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1992-007.pdf
|access-date=2013-03-25
 |year=1992
|publisher= [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]]
|isbn=9782880329495
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Lehman|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =215–242
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/215
| chapter =   Lake Victoria
| first=  John
| last = Lehman
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last= Murray
|first= G. W.
|title=An English-Nubian Comparative Dictionary
|year= 1923
|publisher= [[Humphrey Milford]], [[Oxford University Press]]
|url=https://archive.org/details/englishnubiancom0004gwmu_4
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Okidi|1994|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Okidi
 |first=C. O.
 |editor-first1=P.P.
 |editor-last1=Howell
 |editor-first2=J. J.
 |editor-last2=Alan
 |isbn=9780521450409
 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521450409/page/321
 |access-date=12 January 2026
 |title=The Nile: Sharing a Scarce Resource
 |chapter=History of the Nile and Lake Victoria Basins through Treaties
 |pages=321–350
 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
 |year=1994
}}

 &lt;!-- {{sfn|Redford  |2001|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |year=   2001
 |title=   Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
 | volume = 2
 |editor-last1= Redford  
 |editor-first1=   Donald B.
|editor-link1=  Donald B. Redford
 |publisher= Oxford University Press
 |url=   https://archive.org/details/oxfordencyclopediaofancientegyptvolume2
 |access-date=26 March 2026
 |isbn=  0195138228 
}}

 &lt;!-- {{sfn|Redford  |2001a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |year=   2001a
 |title=   Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
 | volume =3
 |editor-last1= Redford  
 |editor-first1=   Donald B.
|editor-link1=  Donald B. Redford
 |publisher= Oxford University Press
 |url=  https://archive.org/details/oxfordencyclopediaofancientegyptvolume3
 |access-date=26 March 2026
 |isbn=  0195138236
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Roach|2025|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=  Roach
 |first= Steven
 |year=  2025
 |chapter=Introduction: Nile Basin Politics and its Challenges
 |pages=1–16
 |title=Nile Basin Politics: From Coordinated to Cooperative Peace 
 |editor-last1=  Roach
 |editor-first1= Steven
 |editor-last2=  Hudson
 |editor-first2= Derrick
 |publisher= [[Edward Elgar Publishing]]
 |url=  https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollbook/book/9781803927176/9781803927176.xml
 | doi=10.4337/9781803927176
 |access-date=15 January 2026
 |isbn=  9781803927176 
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Robins|2008|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title= The Art of Ancient Egypt
  | last =Robins
  | first= Gay
 | author-link= Gay Robins
  |  isbn=9780674030657
  |  url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YD-z8hmdUMIC
  |access-date= 24 February 2026
 |   year=2008
 | orig-year=1997
  |  publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]
}}
 
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Rosenthal|2005}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=  Rosenthal
 |first= Lisa
 |year=  2005
 |title=Gender, Politics, and Allegory in the Art of Rubens
 |publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/genderpoliticsal0000rose
 |access-date=15 December 2025
 |isbn= 9780521842440
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Said|1993}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Said
 |first=Rushdi
 |author-link=Rushdi Said
 |year=1993
 |title=The River Nile: Geology, Hydrology, and Utilization
 |publisher=[[Pergamon Press]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/rivernilegeology0000said 
 |access-date=11 February 2026
 |isbn= 0080418864
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Schama|1995|pp=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Schama
 |first=Simon
|author-link=Simon Schama
 |year=1995
 |isbn=9780679402558
 |title=Landscape and Memory
 |publisher=[[A.A. Knopf]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/landscapememory0000scha_k7e4
 |access-date=15 December 2025
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Shahin|2002}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last=Shahin
 |first=Mamdouh
 |url=https://archive.org/details/hydrologywaterre0000shah
 |title=Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa
 |date=2002
 |publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
 |isbn=9781402008665
 | access-date=7 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Shoup|2017|loc= articleName }} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |  title=The Nile: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture
  |  last=Shoup
 |first= John A.
  | display-authors=etal
  |  isbn=9798216123323 
  |  url=https://archive.org/details/the-nile-an-encyclopedia-of-geography-history-and-culture
  | access-date= 14 February 2026
  |  year=2017
  |  publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] / [[ABC-CLIO]]
}} EBook.  The hardcover is {{isbn|9781440840401}}.

 &lt;!-- {{sfn| Siliotti|1997|p=?}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |  title=Guide to the Valley of the Kings
 |   last =Siliotti
 | first= Alberto
 | author-link = Alberto Siliotti
 |   isbn=9780760733257
  |  url=https://books.google.com/books?id=owicnQAACAAJ
 | access-date= 24 February 2026
  |  year=1997
  |  publisher=[[Barnes &amp; Noble ]]
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn| Smith|1878}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last= Smith
 |first= William
|author-link = William Smith (lexicographer)
 |url= https://archive.org/details/anewclassicaldi00unkngoog
 |title=A New Classical Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography, Mythology And Geography
 |date= 1878
 |publisher= [[Harper &amp; Brothers]]
 |lccn=04035163
 |access-date=7 January 2026
}}
 
&lt;!-- {{sfn| Stokes|2009 |p=??}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last=  Stokes
 |first=  Jamie
 |url= https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpe0000unse_h6k0 
 |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East
 |volume=2
 |date= 2009 
  |isbn=9781438126760
 |publisher=  [[Facts On File]]
 |access-date=13 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 334–364
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/334
| chapter = The Hydrology of the Nile Basin
| first= John
| last = Sutcliffe
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talbot|Williams|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 37–60
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/37
| chapter =   Cenozoic Evolution of the Nile Basin  
| first1=     Michael 
| last1 =  Talbot
| first2=     Martin
| last2 =  Williams
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talling|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 23–34
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/23
| chapter =     History of Scientific Research
| first=    Jack 
| last = Talling
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talling|2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 367–394
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/367
| chapter =  Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics
| first=    Jack 
| last = Talling
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Tian|2025|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
| title =Ancient Egypt in Video Games
|editor-first=Jennifer 
|editor-last=  Cromwell
| isbn = 9783111534022
|year=2025
|  publisher = [[de Gruyter Oldenbourg]]
| chapter = Pharaohs, Labourers and Wonder Builders: Illustrating Ancient Egypt with Game Mechanics in Strategy Games 
| pages = 87–110
| last= Tian 
|first=Tian
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Tvedt|2021}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | title= The Nile: History's Greatest River
 | last=Tvedt
 | first= Terje
 | author-link = Terje Tvedt
 | isbn= 9780755616800
 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=brYsEAAAQBAJ
 | access-date= 10 December 2025
 | year= 2021
 | publisher= [[Bloomsbury Publishing]]
 }}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Van Damme| Bocxlaer|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| series=Monographiae Biologicae
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 585–630
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/585
| chapter = Freshwater Molluscs of the Nile Basin, Past and Present
| first1= Dirk
| last1 = Van Damme
| first2= Bert
| last2 = Bocxlaer
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|Versluys|2002 |pp=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
|last1= Versluys
|first1=  M. J.
|year= 2002
|title=Aegyptiaca Romana : Nilotic Scenes and the Roman Views of Egypt
|publisher=  [[Brill Publishers]]
|url= https://archive.org/details/aegyptiacaromana0000vers
|access-date=15 January 2026
| isbn = 9004124403
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Vijverberg|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 163–192
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/163
| chapter =   Lake Tana: Source of the Blue Nile
| first=    Jacobus
| last = Vijverberg
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Warren| 2006 | p =352  }}. --&gt; 
* {{Cite book
 |last=Warren
 |first=John 
 |url=https://archive.org/details/evaporitessedime0000warr
 |title=Evaporites: Sediments, Resources and Hydrocarbons
 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]
 |year=2006 
|isbn=3540260110   
 |url-access=registration
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Williams |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 61–72
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/61
| chapter = Late Quaternary Environments in Nile Basin
| first= Martin
| last = Williams
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Williams |2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 771–780
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/771
| chapter = Human Impact on Nile Basin
| first= Martin
| last = Williams
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Witte |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 647–676
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/647
| chapter =   Fish Fauna of the Nile 
| first=     Frans  
| last =  Witte 
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Witte |2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 723–748
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/723
| chapter =  Fisheries of the Nile System 
| first=     Frans  
| last =  Witte 
| display-authors=etal
}}

====Journals and websites====

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abdelsalam|2018}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Abdelsalam |first1=Mohamed G.
|title=The Nile's journey through space and time: A geological perspective
|journal=Earth-Science Reviews
|date=February 2018
|volume=177
|pages=742–773
|doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.01.010
|doi-access=free |bibcode=2018ESRv..177..742A
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abdullah|2020}} 
* {{cite journal
|display-author1=1 |ref={{sfnref|Abdullah|2020}}
|last1=Abdullah |first1=Al-Noor |last2=Rahman |first2=Sanzidur |last3=Essex |first3=Stephen |last4=Benhin |first4=James
|title=Economic Contributions of Mega-Dam Infrastructure as Perceived by Local and Displaced Communities: A Case Study of Merowe Dam, Sudan
|journal=Agriculture |date=12 June 2020 |volume=10 |issue=6
|article-number=227
|doi=10.3390/agriculture10060227 |doi-access=free
}}
--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abotalib|2023}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Abotalib|2023}}
|last1=Abotalib |first1=Abotalib Z. |last2=Abdelhady |first2=Ahmed A. |last3=Heggy |first3=Essam |last4=Salem |first4=Salem G. |last5=Ismail |first5=Esam |last6=Ali |first6=Ahmed |last7=Khalil |first7=Mahmoud M. |title=Irreversible and Large-Scale Heavy Metal Pollution Arising From Increased Damming and Untreated Water Reuse in the Nile Delta
|journal=Earth's Future |date=March 2023 |volume=11 |issue=3
|article-number=e2022EF002987
|doi=10.1029/2022EF002987 |doi-access= free
|bibcode=2023EaFut..1102987A
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn| Alnaqbi|2022}} 
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Alnaqbi|2022}}
|last1=Alnaqbi |first1=Shaima |last2=Alasad |first2=Shamma |last3=Aljaghoub |first3=Haya |last4=Alami |first4=Abdul |last5=Abdelkareem |first5=Mohammad |last6=Olabi |first6=Abdul |title=Applicability of Hydropower Generation and Pumped Hydro Energy Storage in the Middle East and North Africa
|journal=Energies |date=25 March 2022 |volume=15 |issue=7
|article-number=2412
|doi=10.3390/en15072412 |doi-access=free
}}
--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Angurini|2021}} --&gt;
* {{cite news
 |url= https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/business/finance/eskom-invests-in-kiira-dam-water-controllers-3379660
 | title= Eskom Invests in Kiira Dam Water Controllers
| newspaper= [[Daily Monitor]]
|date=   2021
 |first=  Tom
| last=   Angurini
 |access-date=8 February 2026
 |location= Uganda
|oclc=	44216472
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Ayenalem|2023}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Ayenalem|2023}}
|last1=Ayenalem |first1=Abebe Yirga |last2=Fantini |first2=Emanuele |last3=Van der Zaag |first3=Pieter
|title=Popular culture and Nile hydropolitics: Amharic songs about the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam
|journal=International Journal of Water Governance |date=28 December 2023 |volume=10 |issue=1
|doi=10.59490/ijwg.10.2023.7359 |doi-access=free
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Beck|2018  }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Beck|2018}}
|last1=Beck |first1=Hylke E. |last2=Zimmermann |first2=Niklaus E. |last3=McVicar |first3=Tim R. |last4=Vergopolan |first4=Noemi |last5=Berg |first5=Alexis |last6=Wood |first6=Eric F. |title=Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution
|journal=Scientific Data |date=30 October 2018 |volume=5 |issue=1
|article-number=180214
|doi=10.1038/sdata.2018.214 |doi-access=free
|pmid=30375988
|pmc=6207062
|bibcode=2018NatSD...580214B
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Burton|1864|pp = 6–14 }}
* {{cite journal
|last1=Burton |first1=Richard F.
|author-link1=Richard Francis Burton
|title=On Lake Tanganyika, Ptolemy's Western Lake-Reservoir of the Nile
|journal=The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London |date=1865 |volume=35 |pages=1–15
|doi=10.2307/3698075 |jstor=3698075
}}

--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Creasman|) |pp = ?? }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Creasman|2010}}
|last1=Creasman |first1=Pearce Paul |last2=Doyle |first2=Noreen
|title=Overland Boat Transportation During the Pharaonic Period: Archaeology and Iconography
|journal=Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections |date=16 September 2010 |volume=2 |issue=3
|doi=10.2458/azu_jaei_v02i3_creasman
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Driouech |2020}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Driouech|2020}}
|last1=Driouech |first1=Fatima |last2=ElRhaz |first2=Khalid |last3=Moufouma-Okia |first3=Willfran |last4=Arjdal |first4=Khadija |last5=Balhane |first5=Saloua
|title=Assessing Future Changes of Climate Extreme Events in the CORDEX-MENA Region Using Regional Climate Model ALADIN-Climate
|journal=Earth Systems and Environment |date=September 2020 |volume=4 |issue=3
|pages=477–492
|doi=10.1007/s41748-020-00169-3 |doi-access=free
|bibcode=2020ESE.....4..477D
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|El Mahmoudi |2008  |pp = 53–67 }}. --&gt; 
* {{Cite journal 
|last1=El Mahmoudi 
|first1=A. 
|last2=Gabr 
|first2=A. 
|year=2008 
|title=Geophysical Surveys to Investigate the Relation Between the Quaternary Nile Channels and the Messinian Nile Canyon at East Nile Delta, Egypt
|journal=Arabian Journal of Geosciences 
|publisher=Springer Nature 
|volume=2 
|issue=1 
|pages=53–67 
|doi=10.1007/s12517-008-0018-9 
|issn=1866-7511}}

&lt;!--   {{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}} --&gt;
* {{Cite news
 |newspaper= [[Reuters]]
 |last=   Endeshaw
 |first= Dawit  
 |date=  2025
|title=Ethiopia Opens Africa's Largest Hydroelectric Dam to Egyptian Protest
|url=https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/boards-policy-regulation/ethiopia-opens-africas-largest-hydroelectric-dam-egyptian-protest-2025-09-09/ 
 |access-date=20 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn| Griffin| 2018 }} --&gt;
* {{cite news
 |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/nearly-completed-dam-on-white-nile-casts-a-long-shadow-1.3431735
 | title=Nearly Completed Dam on White Nile Casts a Long Shadow
| newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] 
|issn =	0791-5144
|date= 2018
 |first=Dan  
| last=Griffin
 |access-date=28 December 2021
 |location=Dublin, Ireland
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hafez |2024}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Hafez|2024}}
|last1=Hafez |first1=Ahmed M. |last2=Haggag |first2=Mohammed |last3=Wagdy |first3=Ahmad |last4=Radwan |first4=Hany G.
|title=Assessing the influences of future water development projects in Tekeze-Atbara-Setit basin on the Nile River inflow at Aswan, Egypt
|journal=Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies |date=December 2024 |volume=56
|article-number=102007
|doi=10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102007 |doi-access=free
|bibcode=2024JHyRS..5602007H
}}

&lt;!--   {{sfn|Hailu   |2022 }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Hailu |first1=Ashebir Dingeto
|title=Ethiopia hydropower development and Nile basin hydro politics
|journal=AIMS Energy |date=2022 |volume=10 |issue=1
|pages=87–101
|doi=10.3934/energy.2022006 |doi-access=free
}}

&lt;!--   {{sfn|Halsall|1998}}
* {{Cite web
 |last=Halsall
 |first=Paul
 |year = 1998
 | website = Ancient History Sourcebook
|title=Hymn to the Nile, C. 2100 BCE
|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt/literature/floodindex.html
 |access-date=20 November 2016
 |publisher=Fordham University
}}
 --&gt;
&lt;!--  {{sfn|Hassan|1997}} 
* {{cite journal
|last1=Hassan |first1=Fekri A.
|title=The dynamics of a riverine civilization: A geoarchaeological perspective on the Nile Valley, Egypt
|journal=World Archaeology |date=June 1997 |volume=29 |issue=1
|pages=51–74
|doi=10.1080/00438243.1997.9980363 |doi-access=free
}} 
--&gt;
&lt;!--  {{sfn|Hassan|2007}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Hassan |first1=Fekri A.
|title=The Aswan High Dam and the International Rescue Nubia Campaign
|journal=African Archaeological Review |date=December 2007 |volume=24 |issue=3–4
|pages=73–94
|doi=10.1007/s10437-007-9018-5 |jstor=40743449
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|Haupt|1926}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Haupt |first1=Paul
|author-link1=Paul Haupt
|title=Etymological and Critical Notes
|journal=The American Journal of Philology |date=1926 |volume=47 |issue=4
|pages=305–318 |doi=10.2307/289993 |jstor=289993
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Healy|2007|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
 |   title=Water Budgets: Foundations for Effective Water-Resources and Environmental Management
  |  last =Healy
 | first= R. W.
 |display-authors=etal
 |   url=https://water.usgs.gov/watercensus/AdHocComm/Background/WaterBudgets-FoundationsforEffectiveWater-ResourcesandEnvironmentalManagement.pdf
 |access-date= 14 January 2026
 |   year=2007
  |  publisher= [[U.S. Geological Survey]]
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hegab|2025}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Hegab|2025}}
|last1=Hegab |first1=Mahmoud H. |last2=El Sayed |first2=Seliem M. |last3=Ahmed |first3=Nasr M. |last4=Abdel-Aal |first4=Eman I. |last5=Kassem |first5=Doaa A. |last6=Gaber |first6=Khadiga M. |last7=Haroon |first7=Amany M. |last8=Abdel Gawad |first8=Soad S. |last9=Goher |first9=Mohamed E. |last10=Hussian |first10=Abd-Ellatif M.
|title=Evaluating the spatial pattern of water quality of the Nile River, Egypt, through multivariate analysis of chemical and biological indicators
|journal=Scientific Reports |date=4 March 2025 |volume=15 |issue=1
|article-number=7626
|doi=10.1038/s41598-025-89982-2
|pmid=40038343
|pmc=11880377
|bibcode=2025NatSR..15.7626H
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Holt|2026}} --&gt;
* {{Cite encyclopedia
|last1= Holt 
|first1= Peter 
|author-link1=Peter Holt (historian)
|display-authors=etal
|title=Egypt: Agriculture and Fishing
|year= 2026
|encyclopedia=[[Britannica]]
|url= https://www.britannica.com/place/Egypt/Agriculture-and-fishing
|access-date= 7 February 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hurst|2025}} --&gt;
* {{Cite encyclopedia
|last1= Hurst
|first1= Harold Edwin
|author-link1=Harold Edwin Hurst
|display-authors=etal
|title=Nile River
|year= 2025
|encyclopedia=[[Britannica]]
|url= https://www.britannica.com/place/Nile-River
|access-date=11 December 2025
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Huyge|2011|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Huyge|2011}}
|last1=Huyge |first1=Dirk |last2=Vandenberghe |first2=Dimitri A.G. |last3=De Dapper |first3=Morgan |last4=Mees |first4=Florias |last5=Claes |first5=Wouter |last6=Darnell |first6=John C.
|title=First evidence of Pleistocene rock art in North Africa: securing the age of the Qurta petroglyphs (Egypt) through OSL dating
|journal=Antiquity |date=November 2011 |volume=85 |issue=330
|pages=1184–1193
|doi=10.1017/S0003598X00061998
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|İlkbahar|Mercan|2023|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{Cite journal |last1=İlkbahar |first1=Hasan |last2=Mercan |first2=Muhammed Hüseyin |date=2023 |title=Hydro-Hegemony, Counter-Hegemony And Neoclassical Realism on the Nile Basin: An Analysis of Egypt's Response to the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (Gerd) |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00219096231188953 |journal=[[Journal of Asian and African Studies]] |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |language=en |volume=60 |issue=2 |pages=7–8 |doi=10.1177/00219096231188953 |issn=0021-9096 |url-access=subscription}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Kuper |Kröpelin|2006 |p=??? }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Kuper |first1=Rudolph |last2=Kröpelin |first2=Stefan
|title=Climate-Controlled Holocene Occupation in the Sahara: Motor of Africa's Evolution
|journal=Science |date=11 August 2006 |volume=313 |issue=5788
|pages=803–807
|doi=10.1126/science.1130989
|pmid=16857900 |bibcode=2006Sci...313..803K }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Lemma |2019 |p=??? }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Lemma|2019}}
|last1=Lemma |first1=Hanibal |last2=Nyssen |first2=Jan |last3=Frankl |first3=Amaury |last4=Poesen |first4=Jean |last5=Adgo |first5=Enyew |last6=Billi |first6=Paolo
|title=Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia
|journal=Journal of Hydrology |date=October 2019 |volume=577
|article-number=123968
|doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968
|bibcode=2019JHyd..57723968L
}}</text>
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{{Short description|Major river in northeast Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

'''Nile''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zɔri gindi [[Africa]] wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Mediterranean teeku ni. Di waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 7,088, di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari dunia zaa mɔɣa,{{efn|name=longest}} amaa ti yi kana ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili maa puuni di nyɛla din pɔra ni Amazon mini [[Congo River|Congo]]. Nile nyɛla din mali taarihi zaŋ jandi gbaŋsabila biɛhisi shee, daabilim  n-ti pahi kaya ni taada taarihi

Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi ayi: dinima nyɛ White Nile mini Blue Nile. White Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din waɣa ka nyɛ so'kam ni saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ din tiri Nile kom amaa  Blue Nile nyɛla din mali kom viɛnyɛla kamani buyi zuɣu gari White Nile. White Nile nyɛla din piligi miri [[Lake Victoria]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gindi Uganda mini South Sudan ka   Blue Nile mi nyɛ din piligi miri Lake Tana din be Ethiopia ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chaŋ hali ni Sudan. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Sudannima tiŋ zuɣu Khartoum. Bin din gbaai ni Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo n chaŋ nti gari Nubian Desert n saa gari chaŋ Egypt tiŋ zuɣu [[Cairo]] ka di yi zo n lu Mediterranean teeku din miri [[Alexandria]].

Nile mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din paai yuma kamani 15,000. Di nyɛla din zɔri gindi kamani tiŋgbana pin'yini. Nile kom nyɛla din yirina saa mibu ni, sa'kom din yirina [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]. Tiŋgbana kamani {{snd}}[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]] n-ti pahi South Sudan nyɛla tiŋgbani shɛŋa din bi tooi nyari saa ka dizuɣu chɛ ka bɛ tooi mali mɔɣa niŋdi pukparilim. tiŋgbani shɛŋa din gba lahi be bee yaɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be Nile Basin nyɛ [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Eritrea]] nti pahi [[Rwanda]].

== Yuya mini gbunni ==

Silimiinsili bachi &quot;Nile&quot; nyɛla din yina [[Latin]] {{lang|la|Nilus}} mini  [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|Νεῖλος}} (Neilos) ka di nyɛ din yina Semitic bachi ''naḥal'', ka di gbunni nyɛ mɔɣili.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}
{{Quote box|align=right|width=30|[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] for {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}},&lt;br&gt;the word for 'river' or 'Nile':{{sfn|Gardiner|1964|pp=43,623}}{{efn|Other hieroglyphs for 'river' are presented in {{harvnb|Faulkner|1964|p=33}} and {{harvnb|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}.
}}  &lt;hiero&gt;M17-X1:D21-G43-N35:N35:N35&lt;/hiero&gt;
}}
Saha shɛli maa ha Egyptnima balli ni, lala bachi Ŋɔ nyɛla yuusiri shɛli zaŋ n-ti 'Nile' mini mɔɣili': {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}}.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}} Egyptnima nyɛla ban booni bɛ tiŋgbani {{lang|egy-latn|kmt}} ka di gbunni nyɛ  'sabinli',  di nyɛla din jandi sabinli zaŋ n-ti i Nile kom nahingbaŋ.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=339, 470}} Silimiinsili yuli  &quot;Blue Nile&quot; nyɛla lɛbiginsim din yina Larigu yuli ''Al-Baḥr Al-Azraq''.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}&lt;!--
{{efn|The waters of the Blue Nile are very dark during the winter flood season, as they carry vast amounts of sediment downstream.{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|pp=503-504}} 
}} --&gt;

Saha ŋɔ mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali bɔbugu Nile Basin. Egypt tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli ''Al-Nīl'', ''Baḥr Al-Nīl'' bee ''Nahr Al-Nīl''.&lt;ref name=Barh&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Badawi|2003 |p=717}}.
|{{harvnb|Hurst|2025}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--
{{efn|''Bahr'' is 'sea'; ''Nahr'' is 'river'.&lt;ref name=Barh/&gt;
}} --&gt; South Sudan tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli Arabic ''Baḥr el-Jebel'', {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}} ka di gbunni nyɛ 'Mountain River'.{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=6}}  Uganda tiŋgbani, ninvuɣ shɛba ban yɛri Luganda nyɛla ban booni li ''Kiyira''.{{sfn|Hamilton |2016|p=66}} Nubian niriba zaŋ n-ti Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yuusiri [[Nobiin language|Nobiin]] yuli ''Áman Dawū'' ('Great Water').{{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=8}}

Di nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi (mɔɣ'bihi shɛŋa dabam gba nyɛla din chaŋ na nti chirigi Nile) di shɛŋa nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ: 
* Albert Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Lake Albert chani Nimule&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Dumont|2009|pp=5,6,40}}.
|{{harvnb| Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Black Nile{{snd}}Yuli shɛli dabam zaŋ n-ti Atbarah mɔɣili &lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Haupt|1926|p=305}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Blue Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Kyoga Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka din zɔri yiri [[Lake Kyoga]] chani Lake Albert{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}
* Main Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Blue Nile mini White Nile{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=4}} 
* [[Mountain Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Uganda chani South Sudan{{sfn|Talling|2009|p=390}}&lt;!-- 
{{efn|The Mountain Nile is also called ''Baḥr al-Jabal'' or ''Baḥr el-Jebel'' in Arabic.
}} --&gt;
* Victoria Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri  [[Lake Victoria]] chani Lake Kyoga{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=5}}
* [[White Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Yellow Nile{{snd}} [[Wadi Howar]], mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Nile saha shɛli ha amaa ka nyɛ din daa kuui yuma din gari maa{{sfn| Dumont|2009|p=4}}
[[File:Nile River Sources.svg|thumb|alt= A map of northeast Africa. The Nile is visible as a meandering blue line, running vertically. The river starts at the bottom in green forested area, and goes upward then ends in a blue sea at the top.| The Nile has six [[Nile cataracts|cataracts]]{{efn| Some of the cataracts have been submerged by human-made reservoirs.}} and several sources.  ]]

{{clear}}[[File:Nile River Landmarks.svg|thumb|The waters of the Nile originate as rainfall in the mountains in the south and east regions of the Nile Basin.|alt=A map of northeast Africa, showing the location of several cities and tourist sights on the river]]

&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

====Sources and sinks: geographic basins====
[[Fil&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

e:Nile River discharge flow gauge locations.svg|thumb|The water balance tables of this article contain water flow information measured at the twelve stations shown in this map.&lt;ref name=HydroData/&gt;{{efn|name=StnNames}}|alt=A map of northeast Africa. The Nile River is drawn, and there are a dozen landmarks shown on the map, at various points of the river]]

{|   class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible  mw-uncollapsed nowrap defaultright col1left sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Geographic basin water balance (annual)&lt;ref name=HydroData&gt;{{harvnb|Senay|2014|loc=Tables 3,4,5 and 6;  Sec 3.5.5 (Source/Sink)}}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|name=exclGERD}}{{efn|name=TableLegend|Hydrology Table Legend:{{sfn|Senay|2014}}
* ''Precip'' - Precipitation (P)
* ''Evap''- Evapotranspiration (ET)
* ''Water Bal'' - Precip-ET
* ''Discharge'' - River flow at measuring station (average of the entire year)
* ''Source or Sink '' - Is basin a significant source or sink of water?
}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin's&lt;br /&gt;downstream&lt;br /&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 1 [[Lake Victoria]] outlet{{efn|Measured at [[Nalubaale dam]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (74) || 264,259 || 353   || 279   || 57
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2 [[Murchison Falls]]{{efn|Measured at [[Paara (Uganda)]], slightly downstream from Murchison Falls.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (15) || 85,513 || 109   || 94     || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |3 [[Mongalla, South Sudan|Mongalla]]{{efn|Measured at [[Mongalla, South Sudan]], about 40 km downstream (north) of [[Juba]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) || 131,691 || 159 || 158    || 5
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 4 [[Malakal]]{{efn|Malakal is after the confluence of the White Nile and Sobat. It includes both [[Bahr el Ghazal River|Bahr el Ghazal]] and [[Sobat River]] tributaries.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−159)  || 925,160|| 798   || 957   || 150
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |5 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Measured at [[Al Mogran]] before the Blue Nile confluence (includes only the White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |{{D-N|Sink}} (−40) || 257,130 || 134   || 174   || 14
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 6 [[Roseires Dam|Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
| {{D-P|Source}} (105) ||  188,296|| 246  || 142 || 70
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |7 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Includes only Blue Nile (excludes White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
| {{D-W|Neutral}} (10) || 118,651|| 96  || 72   || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |8 [[Khashm el Girba]]{{efn|Roughly at the midpoint of the Atbarah river.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 | {{D-P|Source}} (30) ||  100,318|| 95   || 66  || 10
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 9 Mouth of [[Atbarah River]]{{efn |Measured at the Kilo3 station, where the Atbarah joins the Nile.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (−3) || 104,051 || 22  || 25 || 1
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 11 [[Aswan Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  188,011||2 || 13  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |12 [[Cairo]]/[[Nile Delta|Delta]]{{efn|Station is El Ekhsase, near Cairo. Basin data includes the Nile Delta, even though the delta is downstream of the station.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2, Sec 2.2.5}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  145,293||3  || 12  || 0
|}

[[File:The Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea (iss071e405499).jpg | thumb | The Nile (bottom) flows through Egypt's desert, which was much wetter during the [[African humid period]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Humid&quot;&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Kuper |Kröpelin|2006 |pp=803–807}}.  Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Bunbury|2023 |pp=47,57}}. Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Shoup|2017|loc=Articles: &quot;Culture of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of Egypt: Ancient&quot;, &quot;History of Sudan: Ancient Kush and Nubia&quot;, &quot;Atbara River&quot;}}. Nubian (Sudanese) culture in Sudan.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; |alt=A satellite photo of Egypt, showing mostly sandy ground, with a dark, meandering river flowing through the sand, emptying into a sea. ]]

[[File:Journey to Abydos, Tomb of Pairy MET DT10886.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|alt=A painting on a wall of a boat on a river, with Ancient Egyptians rowing it|Ancient Egyptians used boats extensively for transport. This image is from the [[TT139|Tomb of Pairy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ancientTransport&quot;&gt;
{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Van de Moortel|2007}}.
|{{harvnb|Creasman|2010}}. 
}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

===Post-colonial era===
[[File:Großer Tempel (Abu Simbel) 31.jpg|thumb|The [[Abu Simbel|Abu Simbel temples]] were relocated to higher ground when the [[Aswan High Dam]] was built and submerged their original location.{{sfn|Fleming  |Lothian |1997 |pp=135-136}} 
|alt=A huge rock sculpture of four kings sitting on thrones.]]
Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa deegi bɛ maŋsulinsi Britain yuuni 1950s sunsuuni.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-23}}{{efn|name=EgyptIndep|Egypt became nominally independent in 1922, but Britain maintained control of foreign policy and kept armed forces near the Suez Canal.  Full independence was achieved in 1957 after the [[Suez Crisis]].{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|pp=63-68}}}} Yuuni 1959 Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa labi lihi bɛ yuuni 1929 kom laɣim yuusi saawara. Bɛ ni daa labi gbaai saawara shɛli maa nyɛla din daa wuhi ni bɛ yɛn laɣimi yuusiri kom ŋɔ, ka daa yɛlli ni Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yɛn yuusiri kom maa kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 55.5 mini 18.5 billion cubic meters gabaadaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=122–123}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|pp=22–24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbani shɛŋa din be mɔɣili maa zuɣusaa nyɛla bɛ ni daa yihi shɛba lala saawara maa gbaabu ni, di shɛli nyɛ Ethiopia ka di gba nyɛ din tiri mɔɣili maa kom.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}

Yuuni 1959 saawara ŋɔ gbaabu maa nyɛla din daa ti Egypt mini Sudan soli ni bɛ gbi kulibɔna ka di nyɛ binshɛli bɛ ni daa niŋ: Egypt nyɛla ban daa gbi Aswan High Dam (di nyɛla din daa naai yuuni 1970); Sudan nyɛla ban daa gbi  [[Khashm el-Girba Dam]] (1964), [[Roseires Dam]] (1966), [[Merowe Dam]] (2009), n ti pahi [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex]] (2017).{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}{{efn|The 1959 agreement also provided for financial compensation paid from Egypt to Sudan for the displacement of [[Nubians]] as a result of the new reservoir behind the Aswan High Dam.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-24}}}}

[[File:GERD 3.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025, generates over 5 gigawatts.{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}}|alt=A photograph of large concrete dam and the reservoir it creates.  The photo is taken from an aerial viewpoint, looking down from above.  Large plumes of white water spray over a spillway.]]
[[File:Desert agriculture in Egypt (Copernicus 2024-02-03).jpg|thumb|alt=An aerial photograph of a yellow sandy desert to the west of the Nile. Over forty green circles are visible, where irrigation water has been used to grow crops.|These crops in Egypt (near the [[Toshka Lakes]]) are the result of [[New Valley Project|an irrigation system]] that pumps Nile water out of [[Lake Nasser]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|&quot;Desert Agriculture&quot;, ''Copernicus Programme''}}.
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=84–85}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
]]
{{efn|This table only includes hydropower stations with capacities over 100 MW.  Smaller stations including [[Assiut Barrage]], [[Jebel Aulia Dam]], [[Naga Hammadi dam]], [[Esna Power Plant]], and  [[Tis Abay I, II]]   are not included. Hydropower stations ''outside'' the Nile Basin are not included, such as Ethiopia's [[Gilgel Gibe I Dam|Gilgel Gibe Dams I]], [[Gilgel Gibe II Dam|II]], and [[Gilgel Gibe III Dam|III]].}}
{| class= &quot;wikitable defaultright col2center col5center sortable&quot;
|+ Major hydropower stations in the Nile Basin{{efn|Colors in the &quot;Landmark&quot; column indicate the country in which the hydropower station is located.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Hydropower&lt;br&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nearby&lt;br&gt;landmark
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year&lt;br&gt;completed
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Nameplate capacity|Power]]&lt;br&gt;(MW, in 2025)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Tributary
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Aswan Low Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan, Egypt]]}} ||1902, 1912, 1933, 1985||  550{{sfn|&quot;Aswan Low Dam&quot;, ''Egypt MOEE'' }} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Aswan High Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan]] Egypt}} || 1970 || 2,100{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=149}} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Merowe Dam]]
| {{WinDL|[[Merowe, Sudan]]  }}|| 2009 || 1,250{{sfn|&quot;Merowe Dam - Sudan&quot;, '' Abu Dhabi Fund for Development''}}  || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex|Upper Atbara and Setit]]
| {{WinDL| [[Showak|Showak, Sudan]] }}||  2017  || 320{{sfn|&quot;Upper Atbara Dam&quot;,  ''OPEC Fund for International Development''}}  || [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]] and [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Roseires Dam]]
| {{WinDL| [[Er Roseires|Er Roseires, Sudan]]}} || 1966, 2013  || 280{{sfn|&quot;Roseires Dam&quot;, ''IHA''}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Beles Hydroelectric Power Plant|Tana Beles]]
| {{partial|[[Lake Tana|Lake Tana, Ethiopia]]}} || 2010 || 460{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || [[Beles River]], Blue Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Tekezé Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Tekezé River|Tekezé River, Ethiopia]]}} || 2009 || 300{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}}    || [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]], [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Bameza|Bameza, Ethiopia]] }}|| 2020 || 5,150{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Fincha Hydroelectric Power Station|Fincha]]
| {{partial| [[Fincha'a|Fincha'a, Ethiopia]]}} || 1973|| 134{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || Blue Nile (Chomen Lake) 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station|Karuma]]
| {{nom|  [[Karuma Falls|Karuma Falls, Uganda ]]}} || 2024 || 600{{sfn|&quot;Karuma&quot;, ''Uganda Radio Network''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Isimba Hydroelectric Power Station|Isimba]]
| {{nom| [[Kamuli District|Kamuli District, Uganda]]}}|| 2019 || 183{{sfn|&quot;Isimba Power Station&quot;, ''UEGCL''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Bujagali Hydroelectric Power Station|Bujagali]]
| {{nom| [[Bujagali Falls|Bujagali Falls, Uganda]]}}|| 2012|| 250{{sfn|Griffin|2018}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Kiira Hydroelectric Power Station|Kiira]]
| {{nom| [[Kimaka|Kimaka, Uganda]]}}|| 2003 || 200{{sfn|Angurini|2021}} || Victoria Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Nalubaale Hydroelectric Power Station|Nalubaale]]
| {{nom| [[Jinja, Uganda]]}} || 1954|| 180{{Sfn|Tumwesigye|2011|p=10}}  ||   Victoria Nile
|}
 &lt;!-- 
{{
efn|
The river has several major cities on or near its banks including Cairo, [[Khartoum]], [[Juba]], and [[Kampala]]. These cities have hotels and facilities for tourists, such as the [[Speke Resort and Conference Center]], opened in Kampala in 2007.{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|p=217}} 
}} --&gt;

== In culture==

===Art and literature===
{{Multiple image
| width             = 
| total_width       = 425
| perrow            = 2

| image1            = Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes, Tomb of Menna MET DT10878.jpg
| alt1              = A painting of two boats on a river, with ancient Egyptian men and women standing on the boats, catching fish from the river.  
| caption1          = This ancient Egyptian artwork, &quot;Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes&quot;, is within the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]].{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}

| image2            =Maler der Grabkammer des Menna 003.jpg
| alt2            = A painting of some dead fish, from the Tomb of Menna
| caption2          = A [[Nile crocodile]] eating fish.{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}{{efn|Detail of larger artwork in the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]]{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}} }}
 
| image3            = 0 Mosaïque à scène mytholgique - villa Severi - Pal. Massimo 3.JPG
| alt3              = A large mosaic artwork.  It is a landscape of a river, with animals and people in the river, including crocodiles and hippos.
| caption3          = [[Nilotic landscape]]s, such as this 2nd century Roman  mosaic, often displayed crocodiles and hippos.&lt;ref name=Nilotic_Egyptian/&gt;

| image4            = New Wing, Vatican Museums (25497052238) (cropped).jpg
| alt4              = A large marble sculpture, inside a formal room. The main object is a reclining nude man, surrounded by many children, as well as some animals.
| caption4          = ''[[Personification of the River Nile]]'' is a colossal marble sculpture from {{circa}} 2nd century CE Rome{{snd}}now in the [[Vatican Museum]].&lt;ref name=colossal/&gt;

}}
T{{clear }}

==Kundivihira ==
===Footnotes===
{{notelist}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Betancourt|2007|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=Introduction to Aegean Art
 |first1= P.P
 |last1=Betancourt
| author-link=Philip Betancourt
| isbn= 9781623030841
| year= 2007
 | url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoae0000beta
| publisher= [[Institute for Aegean Prehistory]]
| access-date= 1 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Bunbury  |2023|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=River Culture 
 |chapter = The Egyptian Nile
 | editor-last=Wantzen 
 |editor-first= Karl M.
 |first1= Judith 
 |last1= Bunbury 
 |display-authors=etal
 |pages = 43–78 
| author-link= Judith Bunbury
| isbn=  9789231005404
|doi=10.54677/HHMI3947
| year= 2023
 | url= https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 
| publisher= [[UNESCO]]
| access-date= 10 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Camberlin|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =307–333
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/307
| chapter = Nile Basin Climates
| first= Pierre
| last = Camberlin
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Collins|2002|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title= The Nile
 |first1= Robert 
 |last1= Collins
| author-link= Robert O. Collins
| isbn=  9780300097641
| year= 2002
 | url= https://archive.org/details/nile00robe
| publisher=  [[Yale University Press]]
| access-date= 16 March 2026
}}  The &quot;Bibliographical Essay&quot; (pp. 245{{ndash}}248) lists books about the Nile River.

&lt;!--{{sfn|Dumont |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 1–22
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/1
| chapter = A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources
| first= Henri
| last = Dumont
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Eggermont |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 243–262
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/883
| chapter = Rwenzori Mountains (Mountains of the Moon): Headwaters of the Nile
| first= Hilde
| last = Eggermont
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|Dumont|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 95–124
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/95
| chapter =  The Fayum Depression
| first1= Gamal
| last1 = El-Shabrawy
| first2= Henri
| last2 = Dumont
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 125–156
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/125
| chapter =  Lake Nasser-Nubia
| first1= Gamal
| last1 = El-Shabrawy
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Sheekh |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 395–406
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/395
| chapter =   River Nile Pollutants and Their Effect on Life Forms and Water Quality
| first1=  Mostafa 
| last1 = El-Sheekh
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Embabi   |2018  | pp=&gt;? }} --&gt; 
* {{Cite book 
|last=Embabi 
|first=N.S.
 |title=Landscapes and Landforms of Egypt
 |year=2018
 |isbn=9783319656595
|publisher=[[Springer Nature]]
 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8_4
|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8
 |access-date=4 February 2020 
|archive-date=4 February 2020 
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204215026/https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8
 |url-status=live
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Faulkner|1964 |p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |first= Raymond
 |last = Faulkner
 |author-link =  Raymond O. Faulkner
 |title= A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian
 |year=  1964 
 |orig-year=  1962  
 |publisher = [[Griffith Institute]]
 |url=  https://archive.org/details/concisedictionar0000faul/
 |access-date = 26 March 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Fierro|Nyer|2007|p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | last1 =  Fierro
| first1 =  Pedro
| first2 =  Evan K.
| last2 =  Nyer
 | title = The Water Encyclopedia: Hydrologic Data and Internet Resources
 | publisher = [[CRC Press]]
| year =  2007
 | isbn = 9781420012583 
 | url  = https://archive.org/details/waterencyclopedi0000unse_j5x4
 | access-date = 24 March 2026
 }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Fleming |Lothian  |1997 |p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | last1 = Fleming
| first1 = Fergus 
| first2 = Alan
| last2 = Lothian
 | title = The Way to Eternity: Egyptian Myth
 | publisher = Duncan Baird 
| year = 1997
 | isbn = 0705435032
 | url =https://archive.org/details/waytoeternityegy00flem
 }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Gardiner|1964|p =?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |first= Alan
 |last = Gardiner
 |author-link = Alan Gardiner
 |title=Egyptian Grammar  
 |year= 1964 
 |edition =3rd
 |orig-year= 1927
 |publisher = [[Oxford University Press ]]
 |url=https://archive.org/details/egyptiangrammar0000alan 
 |access-date = 26 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 499–520
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/499
| chapter = The Oligochaeta of the Nile Basin Revisited 
| first= Samir
| last = Ghabbour
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =205–214
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/205
| chapter =  The Kyoga Catchment
| first= Jim
| last = Green
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 705–720
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/705
| chapter =   Birds of the Nile
| first= Jim
| last = Green
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|El-Moghraby|2009|pp=???}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 193–204
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/193
| chapter = Swamps of the Upper White Nile
| first1= Jim
| last1 = Green
| first2= Asim
| last2 = El-Moghraby
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hamilton |2016|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=Luganda Dictionary and Grammar 
 |first1=  Alan
 |last1= Hamilton
| isbn=  9780954149611
| year=    2016 
 | url= https://archive.org/details/lugandadictionar0000hami
| publisher=  Alan Hamilton
| access-date= 31 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Hamza|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 75–94
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/75
| chapter = The Nile Delta
| first= Waleed
| last = Hamza
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hart|2005|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last=Hart
|first=George
|author-link=George Hart (Egyptologist)
|title=The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
|edition=Second
|year=2005
|publisher=[[Routledge]]
|isbn=  0415344956
|url=https://archive.org/details/edg-the-routledge-dictionary-of-egyptian-gods
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|Holl|2025|pp=355–375}} 
* {{cite book
|last1=Holl
 |first1=Augustin
 |title=General History of Africa
 |volume=IX: General history of Africa Revisited 
 |chapter =Ancient Civilizations of Africa
|publisher=[[UNESCO]]
|pages=355–375
|year=2025
|isbn=9789231008092
|chapter-url = https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000396045?posInSet=1&amp;queryId=N-EXPLORE-612fe50c-9ec6-4256-8bd3-7b7ec50033a7
|access-date=2 February 2026
}}--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hornung|1982|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last=Hornung
|first=Erik
|author-link=Erik Hornung
|translator-first=John
|translator-last=Baines
|translator-link= John Baines (Egyptologist)
|others=Original in German.
|title=Conceptions of God in Egypt: The One and the Many
|publisher=[[Cornell University Press]]
|year=1982
|orig-year= 1971
| isbn=9780801412233
| url= https://archive.org/details/conceptionsofgod0000horn_q6b3
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hughes|1992|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last1=Hughes
|first1=Ralph H.
|display-authors=etal
|title=IUCN Directory of African Wetlands
 |url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1992-007.pdf
|access-date=2013-03-25
 |year=1992
|publisher= [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]]
|isbn=9782880329495
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Lehman|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =215–242
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/215
| chapter =   Lake Victoria
| first=  John
| last = Lehman
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last= Murray
|first= G. W.
|title=An English-Nubian Comparative Dictionary
|year= 1923
|publisher= [[Humphrey Milford]], [[Oxford University Press]]
|url=https://archive.org/details/englishnubiancom0004gwmu_4
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Okidi|1994|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Okidi
 |first=C. O.
 |editor-first1=P.P.
 |editor-last1=Howell
 |editor-first2=J. J.
 |editor-last2=Alan
 |isbn=9780521450409
 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521450409/page/321
 |access-date=12 January 2026
 |title=The Nile: Sharing a Scarce Resource
 |chapter=History of the Nile and Lake Victoria Basins through Treaties
 |pages=321–350
 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
 |year=1994
}}

 &lt;!-- {{sfn|Redford  |2001|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |year=   2001
 |title=   Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
 | volume = 2
 |editor-last1= Redford  
 |editor-first1=   Donald B.
|editor-link1=  Donald B. Redford
 |publisher= Oxford University Press
 |url=   https://archive.org/details/oxfordencyclopediaofancientegyptvolume2
 |access-date=26 March 2026
 |isbn=  0195138228 
}}

 &lt;!-- {{sfn|Redford  |2001a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |year=   2001a
 |title=   Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
 | volume =3
 |editor-last1= Redford  
 |editor-first1=   Donald B.
|editor-link1=  Donald B. Redford
 |publisher= Oxford University Press
 |url=  https://archive.org/details/oxfordencyclopediaofancientegyptvolume3
 |access-date=26 March 2026
 |isbn=  0195138236
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Roach|2025|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=  Roach
 |first= Steven
 |year=  2025
 |chapter=Introduction: Nile Basin Politics and its Challenges
 |pages=1–16
 |title=Nile Basin Politics: From Coordinated to Cooperative Peace 
 |editor-last1=  Roach
 |editor-first1= Steven
 |editor-last2=  Hudson
 |editor-first2= Derrick
 |publisher= [[Edward Elgar Publishing]]
 |url=  https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollbook/book/9781803927176/9781803927176.xml
 | doi=10.4337/9781803927176
 |access-date=15 January 2026
 |isbn=  9781803927176 
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Robins|2008|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title= The Art of Ancient Egypt
  | last =Robins
  | first= Gay
 | author-link= Gay Robins
  |  isbn=9780674030657
  |  url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YD-z8hmdUMIC
  |access-date= 24 February 2026
 |   year=2008
 | orig-year=1997
  |  publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]
}}
 
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Rosenthal|2005}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=  Rosenthal
 |first= Lisa
 |year=  2005
 |title=Gender, Politics, and Allegory in the Art of Rubens
 |publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/genderpoliticsal0000rose
 |access-date=15 December 2025
 |isbn= 9780521842440
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Said|1993}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Said
 |first=Rushdi
 |author-link=Rushdi Said
 |year=1993
 |title=The River Nile: Geology, Hydrology, and Utilization
 |publisher=[[Pergamon Press]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/rivernilegeology0000said 
 |access-date=11 February 2026
 |isbn= 0080418864
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Schama|1995|pp=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Schama
 |first=Simon
|author-link=Simon Schama
 |year=1995
 |isbn=9780679402558
 |title=Landscape and Memory
 |publisher=[[A.A. Knopf]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/landscapememory0000scha_k7e4
 |access-date=15 December 2025
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Shahin|2002}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last=Shahin
 |first=Mamdouh
 |url=https://archive.org/details/hydrologywaterre0000shah
 |title=Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa
 |date=2002
 |publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
 |isbn=9781402008665
 | access-date=7 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Shoup|2017|loc= articleName }} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |  title=The Nile: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture
  |  last=Shoup
 |first= John A.
  | display-authors=etal
  |  isbn=9798216123323 
  |  url=https://archive.org/details/the-nile-an-encyclopedia-of-geography-history-and-culture
  | access-date= 14 February 2026
  |  year=2017
  |  publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] / [[ABC-CLIO]]
}} EBook.  The hardcover is {{isbn|9781440840401}}.

 &lt;!-- {{sfn| Siliotti|1997|p=?}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |  title=Guide to the Valley of the Kings
 |   last =Siliotti
 | first= Alberto
 | author-link = Alberto Siliotti
 |   isbn=9780760733257
  |  url=https://books.google.com/books?id=owicnQAACAAJ
 | access-date= 24 February 2026
  |  year=1997
  |  publisher=[[Barnes &amp; Noble ]]
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn| Smith|1878}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last= Smith
 |first= William
|author-link = William Smith (lexicographer)
 |url= https://archive.org/details/anewclassicaldi00unkngoog
 |title=A New Classical Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography, Mythology And Geography
 |date= 1878
 |publisher= [[Harper &amp; Brothers]]
 |lccn=04035163
 |access-date=7 January 2026
}}
 
&lt;!-- {{sfn| Stokes|2009 |p=??}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last=  Stokes
 |first=  Jamie
 |url= https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpe0000unse_h6k0 
 |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East
 |volume=2
 |date= 2009 
  |isbn=9781438126760
 |publisher=  [[Facts On File]]
 |access-date=13 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 334–364
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/334
| chapter = The Hydrology of the Nile Basin
| first= John
| last = Sutcliffe
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talbot|Williams|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 37–60
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/37
| chapter =   Cenozoic Evolution of the Nile Basin  
| first1=     Michael 
| last1 =  Talbot
| first2=     Martin
| last2 =  Williams
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talling|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 23–34
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/23
| chapter =     History of Scientific Research
| first=    Jack 
| last = Talling
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talling|2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 367–394
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/367
| chapter =  Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics
| first=    Jack 
| last = Talling
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Tian|2025|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
| title =Ancient Egypt in Video Games
|editor-first=Jennifer 
|editor-last=  Cromwell
| isbn = 9783111534022
|year=2025
|  publisher = [[de Gruyter Oldenbourg]]
| chapter = Pharaohs, Labourers and Wonder Builders: Illustrating Ancient Egypt with Game Mechanics in Strategy Games 
| pages = 87–110
| last= Tian 
|first=Tian
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Tvedt|2021}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | title= The Nile: History's Greatest River
 | last=Tvedt
 | first= Terje
 | author-link = Terje Tvedt
 | isbn= 9780755616800
 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=brYsEAAAQBAJ
 | access-date= 10 December 2025
 | year= 2021
 | publisher= [[Bloomsbury Publishing]]
 }}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Van Damme| Bocxlaer|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| series=Monographiae Biologicae
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 585–630
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/585
| chapter = Freshwater Molluscs of the Nile Basin, Past and Present
| first1= Dirk
| last1 = Van Damme
| first2= Bert
| last2 = Bocxlaer
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|Versluys|2002 |pp=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
|last1= Versluys
|first1=  M. J.
|year= 2002
|title=Aegyptiaca Romana : Nilotic Scenes and the Roman Views of Egypt
|publisher=  [[Brill Publishers]]
|url= https://archive.org/details/aegyptiacaromana0000vers
|access-date=15 January 2026
| isbn = 9004124403
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Vijverberg|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 163–192
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/163
| chapter =   Lake Tana: Source of the Blue Nile
| first=    Jacobus
| last = Vijverberg
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Warren| 2006 | p =352  }}. --&gt; 
* {{Cite book
 |last=Warren
 |first=John 
 |url=https://archive.org/details/evaporitessedime0000warr
 |title=Evaporites: Sediments, Resources and Hydrocarbons
 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]
 |year=2006 
|isbn=3540260110   
 |url-access=registration
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Williams |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 61–72
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/61
| chapter = Late Quaternary Environments in Nile Basin
| first= Martin
| last = Williams
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Williams |2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 771–780
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/771
| chapter = Human Impact on Nile Basin
| first= Martin
| last = Williams
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Witte |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 647–676
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/647
| chapter =   Fish Fauna of the Nile 
| first=     Frans  
| last =  Witte 
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Witte |2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 723–748
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/723
| chapter =  Fisheries of the Nile System 
| first=     Frans  
| last =  Witte 
| display-authors=etal
}}

====Journals and websites====

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abdelsalam|2018}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Abdelsalam |first1=Mohamed G.
|title=The Nile's journey through space and time: A geological perspective
|journal=Earth-Science Reviews
|date=February 2018
|volume=177
|pages=742–773
|doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.01.010
|doi-access=free |bibcode=2018ESRv..177..742A
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abdullah|2020}} 
* {{cite journal
|display-author1=1 |ref={{sfnref|Abdullah|2020}}
|last1=Abdullah |first1=Al-Noor |last2=Rahman |first2=Sanzidur |last3=Essex |first3=Stephen |last4=Benhin |first4=James
|title=Economic Contributions of Mega-Dam Infrastructure as Perceived by Local and Displaced Communities: A Case Study of Merowe Dam, Sudan
|journal=Agriculture |date=12 June 2020 |volume=10 |issue=6
|article-number=227
|doi=10.3390/agriculture10060227 |doi-access=free
}}
--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abotalib|2023}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Abotalib|2023}}
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}}</text>
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      <text bytes="65166" sha1="abfiefqd38p7ipa6btzozzfkcus028j" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Major river in northeast Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

'''Nile''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zɔri gindi [[Africa]] wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Mediterranean teeku ni. Di waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 7,088, di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari dunia zaa mɔɣa,{{efn|name=longest}} amaa ti yi kana ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili maa puuni di nyɛla din pɔra ni Amazon mini [[Congo River|Congo]]. Nile nyɛla din mali taarihi zaŋ jandi gbaŋsabila biɛhisi shee, daabilim  n-ti pahi kaya ni taada taarihi

Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi ayi: dinima nyɛ White Nile mini Blue Nile. White Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din waɣa ka nyɛ so'kam ni saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ din tiri Nile kom amaa  Blue Nile nyɛla din mali kom viɛnyɛla kamani buyi zuɣu gari White Nile. White Nile nyɛla din piligi miri [[Lake Victoria]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gindi Uganda mini South Sudan ka   Blue Nile mi nyɛ din piligi miri Lake Tana din be Ethiopia ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chaŋ hali ni Sudan. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Sudannima tiŋ zuɣu Khartoum. Bin din gbaai ni Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo n chaŋ nti gari Nubian Desert n saa gari chaŋ Egypt tiŋ zuɣu [[Cairo]] ka di yi zo n lu Mediterranean teeku din miri [[Alexandria]].

Nile mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din paai yuma kamani 15,000. Di nyɛla din zɔri gindi kamani tiŋgbana pin'yini. Nile kom nyɛla din yirina saa mibu ni, sa'kom din yirina [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]. Tiŋgbana kamani {{snd}}[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]] n-ti pahi South Sudan nyɛla tiŋgbani shɛŋa din bi tooi nyari saa ka dizuɣu chɛ ka bɛ tooi mali mɔɣa niŋdi pukparilim. tiŋgbani shɛŋa din gba lahi be bee yaɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be Nile Basin nyɛ [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Eritrea]] nti pahi [[Rwanda]].

== Yuya mini gbunni ==

Silimiinsili bachi &quot;Nile&quot; nyɛla din yina [[Latin]] {{lang|la|Nilus}} mini  [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|Νεῖλος}} (Neilos) ka di nyɛ din yina Semitic bachi ''naḥal'', ka di gbunni nyɛ mɔɣili.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}
{{Quote box|align=right|width=30|[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] for {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}},&lt;br&gt;the word for 'river' or 'Nile':{{sfn|Gardiner|1964|pp=43,623}}{{efn|Other hieroglyphs for 'river' are presented in {{harvnb|Faulkner|1964|p=33}} and {{harvnb|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}.
}}  &lt;hiero&gt;M17-X1:D21-G43-N35:N35:N35&lt;/hiero&gt;
}}
Saha shɛli maa ha Egyptnima balli ni, lala bachi Ŋɔ nyɛla yuusiri shɛli zaŋ n-ti 'Nile' mini mɔɣili': {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}}.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}} Egyptnima nyɛla ban booni bɛ tiŋgbani {{lang|egy-latn|kmt}} ka di gbunni nyɛ  'sabinli',  di nyɛla din jandi sabinli zaŋ n-ti i Nile kom nahingbaŋ.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=339, 470}} Silimiinsili yuli  &quot;Blue Nile&quot; nyɛla lɛbiginsim din yina Larigu yuli ''Al-Baḥr Al-Azraq''.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}&lt;!--
{{efn|The waters of the Blue Nile are very dark during the winter flood season, as they carry vast amounts of sediment downstream.{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|pp=503-504}} 
}} --&gt;

Saha ŋɔ mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali bɔbugu Nile Basin. Egypt tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli ''Al-Nīl'', ''Baḥr Al-Nīl'' bee ''Nahr Al-Nīl''.&lt;ref name=Barh&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Badawi|2003 |p=717}}.
|{{harvnb|Hurst|2025}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--
{{efn|''Bahr'' is 'sea'; ''Nahr'' is 'river'.&lt;ref name=Barh/&gt;
}} --&gt; South Sudan tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli Arabic ''Baḥr el-Jebel'', {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}} ka di gbunni nyɛ 'Mountain River'.{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=6}}  Uganda tiŋgbani, ninvuɣ shɛba ban yɛri Luganda nyɛla ban booni li ''Kiyira''.{{sfn|Hamilton |2016|p=66}} Nubian niriba zaŋ n-ti Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yuusiri [[Nobiin language|Nobiin]] yuli ''Áman Dawū'' ('Great Water').{{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=8}}

Di nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi (mɔɣ'bihi shɛŋa dabam gba nyɛla din chaŋ na nti chirigi Nile) di shɛŋa nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ: 
* Albert Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Lake Albert chani Nimule&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Dumont|2009|pp=5,6,40}}.
|{{harvnb| Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Black Nile{{snd}}Yuli shɛli dabam zaŋ n-ti Atbarah mɔɣili &lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Haupt|1926|p=305}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Blue Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Kyoga Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka din zɔri yiri [[Lake Kyoga]] chani Lake Albert{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}
* Main Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Blue Nile mini White Nile{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=4}} 
* [[Mountain Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Uganda chani South Sudan{{sfn|Talling|2009|p=390}}&lt;!-- 
{{efn|The Mountain Nile is also called ''Baḥr al-Jabal'' or ''Baḥr el-Jebel'' in Arabic.
}} --&gt;
* Victoria Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri  [[Lake Victoria]] chani Lake Kyoga{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=5}}
* [[White Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Yellow Nile{{snd}} [[Wadi Howar]], mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Nile saha shɛli ha amaa ka nyɛ din daa kuui yuma din gari maa{{sfn| Dumont|2009|p=4}}
[[File:Nile River Sources.svg|thumb|alt= A map of northeast Africa. The Nile is visible as a meandering blue line, running vertically. The river starts at the bottom in green forested area, and goes upward then ends in a blue sea at the top.| The Nile has six [[Nile cataracts|cataracts]]{{efn| Some of the cataracts have been submerged by human-made reservoirs.}} and several sources.  ]]

{{clear}}[[File:Nile River Landmarks.svg|thumb|The waters of the Nile originate as rainfall in the mountains in the south and east regions of the Nile Basin.|alt=A map of northeast Africa, showing the location of several cities and tourist sights on the river]]

&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

====Sources and sinks: geographic basins====
[[Fil&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

e:Nile River discharge flow gauge locations.svg|thumb|The water balance tables of this article contain water flow information measured at the twelve stations shown in this map.&lt;ref name=HydroData/&gt;{{efn|name=StnNames}}|alt=A map of northeast Africa. The Nile River is drawn, and there are a dozen landmarks shown on the map, at various points of the river]]

{|   class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible  mw-uncollapsed nowrap defaultright col1left sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Geographic basin water balance (annual)&lt;ref name=HydroData&gt;{{harvnb|Senay|2014|loc=Tables 3,4,5 and 6;  Sec 3.5.5 (Source/Sink)}}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|name=exclGERD}}{{efn|name=TableLegend|Hydrology Table Legend:{{sfn|Senay|2014}}
* ''Precip'' - Precipitation (P)
* ''Evap''- Evapotranspiration (ET)
* ''Water Bal'' - Precip-ET
* ''Discharge'' - River flow at measuring station (average of the entire year)
* ''Source or Sink '' - Is basin a significant source or sink of water?
}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin's&lt;br /&gt;downstream&lt;br /&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 1 [[Lake Victoria]] outlet{{efn|Measured at [[Nalubaale dam]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (74) || 264,259 || 353   || 279   || 57
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2 [[Murchison Falls]]{{efn|Measured at [[Paara (Uganda)]], slightly downstream from Murchison Falls.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (15) || 85,513 || 109   || 94     || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |3 [[Mongalla, South Sudan|Mongalla]]{{efn|Measured at [[Mongalla, South Sudan]], about 40 km downstream (north) of [[Juba]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) || 131,691 || 159 || 158    || 5
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 4 [[Malakal]]{{efn|Malakal is after the confluence of the White Nile and Sobat. It includes both [[Bahr el Ghazal River|Bahr el Ghazal]] and [[Sobat River]] tributaries.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−159)  || 925,160|| 798   || 957   || 150
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |5 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Measured at [[Al Mogran]] before the Blue Nile confluence (includes only the White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |{{D-N|Sink}} (−40) || 257,130 || 134   || 174   || 14
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 6 [[Roseires Dam|Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
| {{D-P|Source}} (105) ||  188,296|| 246  || 142 || 70
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |7 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Includes only Blue Nile (excludes White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
| {{D-W|Neutral}} (10) || 118,651|| 96  || 72   || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |8 [[Khashm el Girba]]{{efn|Roughly at the midpoint of the Atbarah river.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 | {{D-P|Source}} (30) ||  100,318|| 95   || 66  || 10
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 9 Mouth of [[Atbarah River]]{{efn |Measured at the Kilo3 station, where the Atbarah joins the Nile.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (−3) || 104,051 || 22  || 25 || 1
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 11 [[Aswan Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  188,011||2 || 13  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |12 [[Cairo]]/[[Nile Delta|Delta]]{{efn|Station is El Ekhsase, near Cairo. Basin data includes the Nile Delta, even though the delta is downstream of the station.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2, Sec 2.2.5}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  145,293||3  || 12  || 0
|}

[[File:The Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea (iss071e405499).jpg | thumb | The Nile (bottom) flows through Egypt's desert, which was much wetter during the [[African humid period]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Humid&quot;&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Kuper |Kröpelin|2006 |pp=803–807}}.  Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Bunbury|2023 |pp=47,57}}. Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Shoup|2017|loc=Articles: &quot;Culture of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of Egypt: Ancient&quot;, &quot;History of Sudan: Ancient Kush and Nubia&quot;, &quot;Atbara River&quot;}}. Nubian (Sudanese) culture in Sudan.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; |alt=A satellite photo of Egypt, showing mostly sandy ground, with a dark, meandering river flowing through the sand, emptying into a sea. ]]

[[File:Journey to Abydos, Tomb of Pairy MET DT10886.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|alt=A painting on a wall of a boat on a river, with Ancient Egyptians rowing it|Ancient Egyptians used boats extensively for transport. This image is from the [[TT139|Tomb of Pairy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ancientTransport&quot;&gt;
{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Van de Moortel|2007}}.
|{{harvnb|Creasman|2010}}. 
}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

===Post-colonial era===
[[File:Großer Tempel (Abu Simbel) 31.jpg|thumb|The [[Abu Simbel|Abu Simbel temples]] were relocated to higher ground when the [[Aswan High Dam]] was built and submerged their original location.{{sfn|Fleming  |Lothian |1997 |pp=135-136}} 
|alt=A huge rock sculpture of four kings sitting on thrones.]]
Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa deegi bɛ maŋsulinsi Britain yuuni 1950s sunsuuni.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-23}}{{efn|name=EgyptIndep|Egypt became nominally independent in 1922, but Britain maintained control of foreign policy and kept armed forces near the Suez Canal.  Full independence was achieved in 1957 after the [[Suez Crisis]].{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|pp=63-68}}}} Yuuni 1959 Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa labi lihi bɛ yuuni 1929 kom laɣim yuusi saawara. Bɛ ni daa labi gbaai saawara shɛli maa nyɛla din daa wuhi ni bɛ yɛn laɣimi yuusiri kom ŋɔ, ka daa yɛlli ni Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yɛn yuusiri kom maa kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 55.5 mini 18.5 billion cubic meters gabaadaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=122–123}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|pp=22–24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbani shɛŋa din be mɔɣili maa zuɣusaa nyɛla bɛ ni daa yihi shɛba lala saawara maa gbaabu ni, di shɛli nyɛ Ethiopia ka di gba nyɛ din tiri mɔɣili maa kom.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}

Yuuni 1959 saawara ŋɔ gbaabu maa nyɛla din daa ti Egypt mini Sudan soli ni bɛ gbi kulibɔna ka di nyɛ binshɛli bɛ ni daa niŋ: Egypt nyɛla ban daa gbi Aswan High Dam (di nyɛla din daa naai yuuni 1970); Sudan nyɛla ban daa gbi  [[Khashm el-Girba Dam]] (1964), [[Roseires Dam]] (1966), [[Merowe Dam]] (2009), n ti pahi [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex]] (2017).{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}{{efn|The 1959 agreement also provided for financial compensation paid from Egypt to Sudan for the displacement of [[Nubians]] as a result of the new reservoir behind the Aswan High Dam.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-24}}}}

[[File:GERD 3.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025, generates over 5 gigawatts.{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}}|alt=A photograph of large concrete dam and the reservoir it creates.  The photo is taken from an aerial viewpoint, looking down from above.  Large plumes of white water spray over a spillway.]]
[[File:Desert agriculture in Egypt (Copernicus 2024-02-03).jpg|thumb|alt=An aerial photograph of a yellow sandy desert to the west of the Nile. Over forty green circles are visible, where irrigation water has been used to grow crops.|These crops in Egypt (near the [[Toshka Lakes]]) are the result of [[New Valley Project|an irrigation system]] that pumps Nile water out of [[Lake Nasser]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|&quot;Desert Agriculture&quot;, ''Copernicus Programme''}}.
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=84–85}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
]]
{{efn|This table only includes hydropower stations with capacities over 100 MW.  Smaller stations including [[Assiut Barrage]], [[Jebel Aulia Dam]], [[Naga Hammadi dam]], [[Esna Power Plant]], and  [[Tis Abay I, II]]   are not included. Hydropower stations ''outside'' the Nile Basin are not included, such as Ethiopia's [[Gilgel Gibe I Dam|Gilgel Gibe Dams I]], [[Gilgel Gibe II Dam|II]], and [[Gilgel Gibe III Dam|III]].}}
{| class= &quot;wikitable defaultright col2center col5center sortable&quot;
|+ Major hydropower stations in the Nile Basin{{efn|Colors in the &quot;Landmark&quot; column indicate the country in which the hydropower station is located.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Hydropower&lt;br&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nearby&lt;br&gt;landmark
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year&lt;br&gt;completed
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Nameplate capacity|Power]]&lt;br&gt;(MW, in 2025)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Tributary
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Aswan Low Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan, Egypt]]}} ||1902, 1912, 1933, 1985||  550{{sfn|&quot;Aswan Low Dam&quot;, ''Egypt MOEE'' }} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Aswan High Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan]] Egypt}} || 1970 || 2,100{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=149}} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Merowe Dam]]
| {{WinDL|[[Merowe, Sudan]]  }}|| 2009 || 1,250{{sfn|&quot;Merowe Dam - Sudan&quot;, '' Abu Dhabi Fund for Development''}}  || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex|Upper Atbara and Setit]]
| {{WinDL| [[Showak|Showak, Sudan]] }}||  2017  || 320{{sfn|&quot;Upper Atbara Dam&quot;,  ''OPEC Fund for International Development''}}  || [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]] and [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Roseires Dam]]
| {{WinDL| [[Er Roseires|Er Roseires, Sudan]]}} || 1966, 2013  || 280{{sfn|&quot;Roseires Dam&quot;, ''IHA''}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Beles Hydroelectric Power Plant|Tana Beles]]
| {{partial|[[Lake Tana|Lake Tana, Ethiopia]]}} || 2010 || 460{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || [[Beles River]], Blue Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Tekezé Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Tekezé River|Tekezé River, Ethiopia]]}} || 2009 || 300{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}}    || [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]], [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Bameza|Bameza, Ethiopia]] }}|| 2020 || 5,150{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Fincha Hydroelectric Power Station|Fincha]]
| {{partial| [[Fincha'a|Fincha'a, Ethiopia]]}} || 1973|| 134{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || Blue Nile (Chomen Lake) 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station|Karuma]]
| {{nom|  [[Karuma Falls|Karuma Falls, Uganda ]]}} || 2024 || 600{{sfn|&quot;Karuma&quot;, ''Uganda Radio Network''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Isimba Hydroelectric Power Station|Isimba]]
| {{nom| [[Kamuli District|Kamuli District, Uganda]]}}|| 2019 || 183{{sfn|&quot;Isimba Power Station&quot;, ''UEGCL''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Bujagali Hydroelectric Power Station|Bujagali]]
| {{nom| [[Bujagali Falls|Bujagali Falls, Uganda]]}}|| 2012|| 250{{sfn|Griffin|2018}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Kiira Hydroelectric Power Station|Kiira]]
| {{nom| [[Kimaka|Kimaka, Uganda]]}}|| 2003 || 200{{sfn|Angurini|2021}} || Victoria Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Nalubaale Hydroelectric Power Station|Nalubaale]]
| {{nom| [[Jinja, Uganda]]}} || 1954|| 180{{Sfn|Tumwesigye|2011|p=10}}  ||   Victoria Nile
|}
 &lt;!-- 
{{
efn|
The river has several major cities on or near its banks including Cairo, [[Khartoum]], [[Juba]], and [[Kampala]]. These cities have hotels and facilities for tourists, such as the [[Speke Resort and Conference Center]], opened in Kampala in 2007.{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|p=217}} 
}} --&gt;

== In culture==

===Art and literature===
{{Multiple image
| width             = 
| total_width       = 425
| perrow            = 2

| image1            = Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes, Tomb of Menna MET DT10878.jpg
| alt1              = A painting of two boats on a river, with ancient Egyptian men and women standing on the boats, catching fish from the river.  
| caption1          = This ancient Egyptian artwork, &quot;Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes&quot;, is within the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]].{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}

| image2            =Maler der Grabkammer des Menna 003.jpg
| alt2            = A painting of some dead fish, from the Tomb of Menna
| caption2          = A [[Nile crocodile]] eating fish.{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}{{efn|Detail of larger artwork in the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]]{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}} }}
 
| image3            = 0 Mosaïque à scène mytholgique - villa Severi - Pal. Massimo 3.JPG
| alt3              = A large mosaic artwork.  It is a landscape of a river, with animals and people in the river, including crocodiles and hippos.
| caption3          = [[Nilotic landscape]]s, such as this 2nd century Roman  mosaic, often displayed crocodiles and hippos.&lt;ref name=Nilotic_Egyptian/&gt;

| image4            = New Wing, Vatican Museums (25497052238) (cropped).jpg
| alt4              = A large marble sculpture, inside a formal room. The main object is a reclining nude man, surrounded by many children, as well as some animals.
| caption4          = ''[[Personification of the River Nile]]'' is a colossal marble sculpture from {{circa}} 2nd century CE Rome{{snd}}now in the [[Vatican Museum]].&lt;ref name=colossal/&gt;

}}
T{{clear }}

==Kundivihira ==
===Footnotes===
{{notelist}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Betancourt|2007|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=Introduction to Aegean Art
 |first1= P.P
 |last1=Betancourt
| author-link=Philip Betancourt
| isbn= 9781623030841
| year= 2007
 | url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoae0000beta
| publisher= [[Institute for Aegean Prehistory]]
| access-date= 1 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Bunbury  |2023|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=River Culture 
 |chapter = The Egyptian Nile
 | editor-last=Wantzen 
 |editor-first= Karl M.
 |first1= Judith 
 |last1= Bunbury 
 |display-authors=etal
 |pages = 43–78 
| author-link= Judith Bunbury
| isbn=  9789231005404
|doi=10.54677/HHMI3947
| year= 2023
 | url= https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 
| publisher= [[UNESCO]]
| access-date= 10 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Camberlin|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =307–333
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/307
| chapter = Nile Basin Climates
| first= Pierre
| last = Camberlin
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Collins|2002|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title= The Nile
 |first1= Robert 
 |last1= Collins
| author-link= Robert O. Collins
| isbn=  9780300097641
| year= 2002
 | url= https://archive.org/details/nile00robe
| publisher=  [[Yale University Press]]
| access-date= 16 March 2026
}}  The &quot;Bibliographical Essay&quot; (pp. 245{{ndash}}248) lists books about the Nile River.

&lt;!--{{sfn|Dumont |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 1–22
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/1
| chapter = A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources
| first= Henri
| last = Dumont
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Eggermont |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 243–262
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/883
| chapter = Rwenzori Mountains (Mountains of the Moon): Headwaters of the Nile
| first= Hilde
| last = Eggermont
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|Dumont|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 95–124
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/95
| chapter =  The Fayum Depression
| first1= Gamal
| last1 = El-Shabrawy
| first2= Henri
| last2 = Dumont
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 125–156
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/125
| chapter =  Lake Nasser-Nubia
| first1= Gamal
| last1 = El-Shabrawy
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Sheekh |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 395–406
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/395
| chapter =   River Nile Pollutants and Their Effect on Life Forms and Water Quality
| first1=  Mostafa 
| last1 = El-Sheekh
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Embabi   |2018  | pp=&gt;? }} --&gt; 
* {{Cite book 
|last=Embabi 
|first=N.S.
 |title=Landscapes and Landforms of Egypt
 |year=2018
 |isbn=9783319656595
|publisher=[[Springer Nature]]
 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8_4
|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8
 |access-date=4 February 2020 
|archive-date=4 February 2020 
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204215026/https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8
 |url-status=live
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Faulkner|1964 |p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |first= Raymond
 |last = Faulkner
 |author-link =  Raymond O. Faulkner
 |title= A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian
 |year=  1964 
 |orig-year=  1962  
 |publisher = [[Griffith Institute]]
 |url=  https://archive.org/details/concisedictionar0000faul/
 |access-date = 26 March 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Fierro|Nyer|2007|p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | last1 =  Fierro
| first1 =  Pedro
| first2 =  Evan K.
| last2 =  Nyer
 | title = The Water Encyclopedia: Hydrologic Data and Internet Resources
 | publisher = [[CRC Press]]
| year =  2007
 | isbn = 9781420012583 
 | url  = https://archive.org/details/waterencyclopedi0000unse_j5x4
 | access-date = 24 March 2026
 }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Fleming |Lothian  |1997 |p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | last1 = Fleming
| first1 = Fergus 
| first2 = Alan
| last2 = Lothian
 | title = The Way to Eternity: Egyptian Myth
 | publisher = Duncan Baird 
| year = 1997
 | isbn = 0705435032
 | url =https://archive.org/details/waytoeternityegy00flem
 }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Gardiner|1964|p =?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |first= Alan
 |last = Gardiner
 |author-link = Alan Gardiner
 |title=Egyptian Grammar  
 |year= 1964 
 |edition =3rd
 |orig-year= 1927
 |publisher = [[Oxford University Press ]]
 |url=https://archive.org/details/egyptiangrammar0000alan 
 |access-date = 26 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 499–520
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/499
| chapter = The Oligochaeta of the Nile Basin Revisited 
| first= Samir
| last = Ghabbour
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =205–214
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/205
| chapter =  The Kyoga Catchment
| first= Jim
| last = Green
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 705–720
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/705
| chapter =   Birds of the Nile
| first= Jim
| last = Green
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|El-Moghraby|2009|pp=???}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 193–204
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/193
| chapter = Swamps of the Upper White Nile
| first1= Jim
| last1 = Green
| first2= Asim
| last2 = El-Moghraby
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hamilton |2016|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=Luganda Dictionary and Grammar 
 |first1=  Alan
 |last1= Hamilton
| isbn=  9780954149611
| year=    2016 
 | url= https://archive.org/details/lugandadictionar0000hami
| publisher=  Alan Hamilton
| access-date= 31 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Hamza|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 75–94
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/75
| chapter = The Nile Delta
| first= Waleed
| last = Hamza
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hart|2005|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last=Hart
|first=George
|author-link=George Hart (Egyptologist)
|title=The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
|edition=Second
|year=2005
|publisher=[[Routledge]]
|isbn=  0415344956
|url=https://archive.org/details/edg-the-routledge-dictionary-of-egyptian-gods
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|Holl|2025|pp=355–375}} 
* {{cite book
|last1=Holl
 |first1=Augustin
 |title=General History of Africa
 |volume=IX: General history of Africa Revisited 
 |chapter =Ancient Civilizations of Africa
|publisher=[[UNESCO]]
|pages=355–375
|year=2025
|isbn=9789231008092
|chapter-url = https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000396045?posInSet=1&amp;queryId=N-EXPLORE-612fe50c-9ec6-4256-8bd3-7b7ec50033a7
|access-date=2 February 2026
}}--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hornung|1982|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last=Hornung
|first=Erik
|author-link=Erik Hornung
|translator-first=John
|translator-last=Baines
|translator-link= John Baines (Egyptologist)
|others=Original in German.
|title=Conceptions of God in Egypt: The One and the Many
|publisher=[[Cornell University Press]]
|year=1982
|orig-year= 1971
| isbn=9780801412233
| url= https://archive.org/details/conceptionsofgod0000horn_q6b3
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hughes|1992|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last1=Hughes
|first1=Ralph H.
|display-authors=etal
|title=IUCN Directory of African Wetlands
 |url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1992-007.pdf
|access-date=2013-03-25
 |year=1992
|publisher= [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]]
|isbn=9782880329495
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Lehman|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =215–242
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/215
| chapter =   Lake Victoria
| first=  John
| last = Lehman
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last= Murray
|first= G. W.
|title=An English-Nubian Comparative Dictionary
|year= 1923
|publisher= [[Humphrey Milford]], [[Oxford University Press]]
|url=https://archive.org/details/englishnubiancom0004gwmu_4
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Okidi|1994|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Okidi
 |first=C. O.
 |editor-first1=P.P.
 |editor-last1=Howell
 |editor-first2=J. J.
 |editor-last2=Alan
 |isbn=9780521450409
 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521450409/page/321
 |access-date=12 January 2026
 |title=The Nile: Sharing a Scarce Resource
 |chapter=History of the Nile and Lake Victoria Basins through Treaties
 |pages=321–350
 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
 |year=1994
}}

 &lt;!-- {{sfn|Redford  |2001|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |year=   2001
 |title=   Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
 | volume = 2
 |editor-last1= Redford  
 |editor-first1=   Donald B.
|editor-link1=  Donald B. Redford
 |publisher= Oxford University Press
 |url=   https://archive.org/details/oxfordencyclopediaofancientegyptvolume2
 |access-date=26 March 2026
 |isbn=  0195138228 
}}

 &lt;!-- {{sfn|Redford  |2001a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |year=   2001a
 |title=   Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
 | volume =3
 |editor-last1= Redford  
 |editor-first1=   Donald B.
|editor-link1=  Donald B. Redford
 |publisher= Oxford University Press
 |url=  https://archive.org/details/oxfordencyclopediaofancientegyptvolume3
 |access-date=26 March 2026
 |isbn=  0195138236
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Roach|2025|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=  Roach
 |first= Steven
 |year=  2025
 |chapter=Introduction: Nile Basin Politics and its Challenges
 |pages=1–16
 |title=Nile Basin Politics: From Coordinated to Cooperative Peace 
 |editor-last1=  Roach
 |editor-first1= Steven
 |editor-last2=  Hudson
 |editor-first2= Derrick
 |publisher= [[Edward Elgar Publishing]]
 |url=  https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollbook/book/9781803927176/9781803927176.xml
 | doi=10.4337/9781803927176
 |access-date=15 January 2026
 |isbn=  9781803927176 
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Robins|2008|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title= The Art of Ancient Egypt
  | last =Robins
  | first= Gay
 | author-link= Gay Robins
  |  isbn=9780674030657
  |  url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YD-z8hmdUMIC
  |access-date= 24 February 2026
 |   year=2008
 | orig-year=1997
  |  publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]
}}
 
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Rosenthal|2005}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=  Rosenthal
 |first= Lisa
 |year=  2005
 |title=Gender, Politics, and Allegory in the Art of Rubens
 |publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/genderpoliticsal0000rose
 |access-date=15 December 2025
 |isbn= 9780521842440
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Said|1993}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Said
 |first=Rushdi
 |author-link=Rushdi Said
 |year=1993
 |title=The River Nile: Geology, Hydrology, and Utilization
 |publisher=[[Pergamon Press]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/rivernilegeology0000said 
 |access-date=11 February 2026
 |isbn= 0080418864
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Schama|1995|pp=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Schama
 |first=Simon
|author-link=Simon Schama
 |year=1995
 |isbn=9780679402558
 |title=Landscape and Memory
 |publisher=[[A.A. Knopf]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/landscapememory0000scha_k7e4
 |access-date=15 December 2025
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Shahin|2002}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last=Shahin
 |first=Mamdouh
 |url=https://archive.org/details/hydrologywaterre0000shah
 |title=Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa
 |date=2002
 |publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
 |isbn=9781402008665
 | access-date=7 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Shoup|2017|loc= articleName }} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |  title=The Nile: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture
  |  last=Shoup
 |first= John A.
  | display-authors=etal
  |  isbn=9798216123323 
  |  url=https://archive.org/details/the-nile-an-encyclopedia-of-geography-history-and-culture
  | access-date= 14 February 2026
  |  year=2017
  |  publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] / [[ABC-CLIO]]
}} EBook.  The hardcover is {{isbn|9781440840401}}.

 &lt;!-- {{sfn| Siliotti|1997|p=?}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |  title=Guide to the Valley of the Kings
 |   last =Siliotti
 | first= Alberto
 | author-link = Alberto Siliotti
 |   isbn=9780760733257
  |  url=https://books.google.com/books?id=owicnQAACAAJ
 | access-date= 24 February 2026
  |  year=1997
  |  publisher=[[Barnes &amp; Noble ]]
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn| Smith|1878}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last= Smith
 |first= William
|author-link = William Smith (lexicographer)
 |url= https://archive.org/details/anewclassicaldi00unkngoog
 |title=A New Classical Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography, Mythology And Geography
 |date= 1878
 |publisher= [[Harper &amp; Brothers]]
 |lccn=04035163
 |access-date=7 January 2026
}}
 
&lt;!-- {{sfn| Stokes|2009 |p=??}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last=  Stokes
 |first=  Jamie
 |url= https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpe0000unse_h6k0 
 |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East
 |volume=2
 |date= 2009 
  |isbn=9781438126760
 |publisher=  [[Facts On File]]
 |access-date=13 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 334–364
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/334
| chapter = The Hydrology of the Nile Basin
| first= John
| last = Sutcliffe
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talbot|Williams|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 37–60
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/37
| chapter =   Cenozoic Evolution of the Nile Basin  
| first1=     Michael 
| last1 =  Talbot
| first2=     Martin
| last2 =  Williams
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talling|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 23–34
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/23
| chapter =     History of Scientific Research
| first=    Jack 
| last = Talling
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talling|2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 367–394
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/367
| chapter =  Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics
| first=    Jack 
| last = Talling
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Tian|2025|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
| title =Ancient Egypt in Video Games
|editor-first=Jennifer 
|editor-last=  Cromwell
| isbn = 9783111534022
|year=2025
|  publisher = [[de Gruyter Oldenbourg]]
| chapter = Pharaohs, Labourers and Wonder Builders: Illustrating Ancient Egypt with Game Mechanics in Strategy Games 
| pages = 87–110
| last= Tian 
|first=Tian
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Tvedt|2021}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | title= The Nile: History's Greatest River
 | last=Tvedt
 | first= Terje
 | author-link = Terje Tvedt
 | isbn= 9780755616800
 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=brYsEAAAQBAJ
 | access-date= 10 December 2025
 | year= 2021
 | publisher= [[Bloomsbury Publishing]]
 }}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Van Damme| Bocxlaer|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| series=Monographiae Biologicae
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 585–630
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/585
| chapter = Freshwater Molluscs of the Nile Basin, Past and Present
| first1= Dirk
| last1 = Van Damme
| first2= Bert
| last2 = Bocxlaer
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|Versluys|2002 |pp=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
|last1= Versluys
|first1=  M. J.
|year= 2002
|title=Aegyptiaca Romana : Nilotic Scenes and the Roman Views of Egypt
|publisher=  [[Brill Publishers]]
|url= https://archive.org/details/aegyptiacaromana0000vers
|access-date=15 January 2026
| isbn = 9004124403
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Vijverberg|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 163–192
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/163
| chapter =   Lake Tana: Source of the Blue Nile
| first=    Jacobus
| last = Vijverberg
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Warren| 2006 | p =352  }}. --&gt; 
* {{Cite book
 |last=Warren
 |first=John 
 |url=https://archive.org/details/evaporitessedime0000warr
 |title=Evaporites: Sediments, Resources and Hydrocarbons
 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]
 |year=2006 
|isbn=3540260110   
 |url-access=registration
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Williams |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 61–72
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/61
| chapter = Late Quaternary Environments in Nile Basin
| first= Martin
| last = Williams
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Williams |2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 771–780
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/771
| chapter = Human Impact on Nile Basin
| first= Martin
| last = Williams
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Witte |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 647–676
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/647
| chapter =   Fish Fauna of the Nile 
| first=     Frans  
| last =  Witte 
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Witte |2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 723–748
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/723
| chapter =  Fisheries of the Nile System 
| first=     Frans  
| last =  Witte 
| display-authors=etal
}}

====Journals and websites====

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abdelsalam|2018}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Abdelsalam |first1=Mohamed G.
|title=The Nile's journey through space and time: A geological perspective
|journal=Earth-Science Reviews
|date=February 2018
|volume=177
|pages=742–773
|doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.01.010
|doi-access=free |bibcode=2018ESRv..177..742A
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abdullah|2020}} 
* {{cite journal
|display-author1=1 |ref={{sfnref|Abdullah|2020}}
|last1=Abdullah |first1=Al-Noor |last2=Rahman |first2=Sanzidur |last3=Essex |first3=Stephen |last4=Benhin |first4=James
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&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abotalib|2023}} --&gt;
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&lt;!-- {{sfn| Alnaqbi|2022}} 
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&lt;!-- {{sfn|Ayenalem|2023}} --&gt;
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&lt;!-- {{sfn|Driouech |2020}} --&gt;
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&lt;!--  {{sfn|Haupt|1926}} --&gt;
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&lt;!-- {{sfn|Kuper |Kröpelin|2006 |p=??? }} --&gt;
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&lt;!-- {{sfn|Marshall| |p=??? }} --&gt;
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&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Ranjan |2024}} --&gt;
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&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Van de Moortel|2007 }} --&gt;
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&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Warburg |2007}} --&gt;
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&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Wedajo|2024}} 
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Wedajo|2024}}
|last1=Wedajo |first1=Obsinet Abebe |last2=Fufa |first2=Fekadu |last3=Ayenew |first3=Tenalem |last4=Nedaw |first4=Dessie
|title=A review of hydroclimate variability and changes in the Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia
|journal=Heliyon |date=February 2024 |volume=10 |issue=3
|article-number=e25530
|doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25530
|pmid=38327459
|pmc=10847645
}}
 --&gt;
&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Younes |2024}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Younes|2024}}
|last1=Younes |first1=Gamal |last2=Marriner |first2=Nick |last3=Kaniewski |first3=David |last4=Sheisha |first4=Hader |last5=Chen |first5=Zhongyuan |last6=Salama |first6=Asem |last7=El-Qady |first7=Gad |last8=Morhange |first8=Christophe
|title=The pyramid builders' waterways: Reconstructing the ancient topography of Khufu's Pharaonic Harbour at Giza, Egypt
|journal=Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports |date=February 2024 |volume=53
|article-number=104303
|doi=10.1016/j.jasrep.2023.104303
|bibcode=2024JArSR..53j4303Y
|url=https://hal.science/hal-04295184
}}</text>
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      <text bytes="74446" sha1="otl3sgxg1enueubu6dnxuy46ki25oys" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Major river in northeast Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

'''Nile''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zɔri gindi [[Africa]] wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Mediterranean teeku ni. Di waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 7,088, di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari dunia zaa mɔɣa,{{efn|name=longest}} amaa ti yi kana ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili maa puuni di nyɛla din pɔra ni Amazon mini [[Congo River|Congo]]. Nile nyɛla din mali taarihi zaŋ jandi gbaŋsabila biɛhisi shee, daabilim  n-ti pahi kaya ni taada taarihi

Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi ayi: dinima nyɛ White Nile mini Blue Nile. White Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din waɣa ka nyɛ so'kam ni saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ din tiri Nile kom amaa  Blue Nile nyɛla din mali kom viɛnyɛla kamani buyi zuɣu gari White Nile. White Nile nyɛla din piligi miri [[Lake Victoria]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gindi Uganda mini South Sudan ka   Blue Nile mi nyɛ din piligi miri Lake Tana din be Ethiopia ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chaŋ hali ni Sudan. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Sudannima tiŋ zuɣu Khartoum. Bin din gbaai ni Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo n chaŋ nti gari Nubian Desert n saa gari chaŋ Egypt tiŋ zuɣu [[Cairo]] ka di yi zo n lu Mediterranean teeku din miri [[Alexandria]].

Nile mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din paai yuma kamani 15,000. Di nyɛla din zɔri gindi kamani tiŋgbana pin'yini. Nile kom nyɛla din yirina saa mibu ni, sa'kom din yirina [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]. Tiŋgbana kamani {{snd}}[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]] n-ti pahi South Sudan nyɛla tiŋgbani shɛŋa din bi tooi nyari saa ka dizuɣu chɛ ka bɛ tooi mali mɔɣa niŋdi pukparilim. tiŋgbani shɛŋa din gba lahi be bee yaɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be Nile Basin nyɛ [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Eritrea]] nti pahi [[Rwanda]].

== Yuya mini gbunni ==

Silimiinsili bachi &quot;Nile&quot; nyɛla din yina [[Latin]] {{lang|la|Nilus}} mini  [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|Νεῖλος}} (Neilos) ka di nyɛ din yina Semitic bachi ''naḥal'', ka di gbunni nyɛ mɔɣili.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}
{{Quote box|align=right|width=30|[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] for {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}},&lt;br&gt;the word for 'river' or 'Nile':{{sfn|Gardiner|1964|pp=43,623}}{{efn|Other hieroglyphs for 'river' are presented in {{harvnb|Faulkner|1964|p=33}} and {{harvnb|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}.
}}  &lt;hiero&gt;M17-X1:D21-G43-N35:N35:N35&lt;/hiero&gt;
}}
Saha shɛli maa ha Egyptnima balli ni, lala bachi Ŋɔ nyɛla yuusiri shɛli zaŋ n-ti 'Nile' mini mɔɣili': {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}}.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}} Egyptnima nyɛla ban booni bɛ tiŋgbani {{lang|egy-latn|kmt}} ka di gbunni nyɛ  'sabinli',  di nyɛla din jandi sabinli zaŋ n-ti i Nile kom nahingbaŋ.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=339, 470}} Silimiinsili yuli  &quot;Blue Nile&quot; nyɛla lɛbiginsim din yina Larigu yuli ''Al-Baḥr Al-Azraq''.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}&lt;!--
{{efn|The waters of the Blue Nile are very dark during the winter flood season, as they carry vast amounts of sediment downstream.{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|pp=503-504}} 
}} --&gt;

Saha ŋɔ mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali bɔbugu Nile Basin. Egypt tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli ''Al-Nīl'', ''Baḥr Al-Nīl'' bee ''Nahr Al-Nīl''.&lt;ref name=Barh&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Badawi|2003 |p=717}}.
|{{harvnb|Hurst|2025}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--
{{efn|''Bahr'' is 'sea'; ''Nahr'' is 'river'.&lt;ref name=Barh/&gt;
}} --&gt; South Sudan tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli Arabic ''Baḥr el-Jebel'', {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}} ka di gbunni nyɛ 'Mountain River'.{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=6}}  Uganda tiŋgbani, ninvuɣ shɛba ban yɛri Luganda nyɛla ban booni li ''Kiyira''.{{sfn|Hamilton |2016|p=66}} Nubian niriba zaŋ n-ti Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yuusiri [[Nobiin language|Nobiin]] yuli ''Áman Dawū'' ('Great Water').{{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=8}}

Di nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi (mɔɣ'bihi shɛŋa dabam gba nyɛla din chaŋ na nti chirigi Nile) di shɛŋa nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ: 
* Albert Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Lake Albert chani Nimule&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Dumont|2009|pp=5,6,40}}.
|{{harvnb| Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Black Nile{{snd}}Yuli shɛli dabam zaŋ n-ti Atbarah mɔɣili &lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Haupt|1926|p=305}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Blue Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Kyoga Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka din zɔri yiri [[Lake Kyoga]] chani Lake Albert{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}
* Main Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Blue Nile mini White Nile{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=4}} 
* [[Mountain Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Uganda chani South Sudan{{sfn|Talling|2009|p=390}}&lt;!-- 
{{efn|The Mountain Nile is also called ''Baḥr al-Jabal'' or ''Baḥr el-Jebel'' in Arabic.
}} --&gt;
* Victoria Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri  [[Lake Victoria]] chani Lake Kyoga{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=5}}
* [[White Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Yellow Nile{{snd}} [[Wadi Howar]], mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Nile saha shɛli ha amaa ka nyɛ din daa kuui yuma din gari maa{{sfn| Dumont|2009|p=4}}
[[File:Nile River Sources.svg|thumb|alt= A map of northeast Africa. The Nile is visible as a meandering blue line, running vertically. The river starts at the bottom in green forested area, and goes upward then ends in a blue sea at the top.| The Nile has six [[Nile cataracts|cataracts]]{{efn| Some of the cataracts have been submerged by human-made reservoirs.}} and several sources.  ]]

{{clear}}[[File:Nile River Landmarks.svg|thumb|The waters of the Nile originate as rainfall in the mountains in the south and east regions of the Nile Basin.|alt=A map of northeast Africa, showing the location of several cities and tourist sights on the river]]

&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

====Sources and sinks: geographic basins====
[[Fil&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

e:Nile River discharge flow gauge locations.svg|thumb|The water balance tables of this article contain water flow information measured at the twelve stations shown in this map.&lt;ref name=HydroData/&gt;{{efn|name=StnNames}}|alt=A map of northeast Africa. The Nile River is drawn, and there are a dozen landmarks shown on the map, at various points of the river]]

{|   class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible  mw-uncollapsed nowrap defaultright col1left sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Geographic basin water balance (annual)&lt;ref name=HydroData&gt;{{harvnb|Senay|2014|loc=Tables 3,4,5 and 6;  Sec 3.5.5 (Source/Sink)}}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|name=exclGERD}}{{efn|name=TableLegend|Hydrology Table Legend:{{sfn|Senay|2014}}
* ''Precip'' - Precipitation (P)
* ''Evap''- Evapotranspiration (ET)
* ''Water Bal'' - Precip-ET
* ''Discharge'' - River flow at measuring station (average of the entire year)
* ''Source or Sink '' - Is basin a significant source or sink of water?
}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin's&lt;br /&gt;downstream&lt;br /&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 1 [[Lake Victoria]] outlet{{efn|Measured at [[Nalubaale dam]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (74) || 264,259 || 353   || 279   || 57
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2 [[Murchison Falls]]{{efn|Measured at [[Paara (Uganda)]], slightly downstream from Murchison Falls.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (15) || 85,513 || 109   || 94     || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |3 [[Mongalla, South Sudan|Mongalla]]{{efn|Measured at [[Mongalla, South Sudan]], about 40 km downstream (north) of [[Juba]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) || 131,691 || 159 || 158    || 5
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 4 [[Malakal]]{{efn|Malakal is after the confluence of the White Nile and Sobat. It includes both [[Bahr el Ghazal River|Bahr el Ghazal]] and [[Sobat River]] tributaries.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−159)  || 925,160|| 798   || 957   || 150
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |5 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Measured at [[Al Mogran]] before the Blue Nile confluence (includes only the White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |{{D-N|Sink}} (−40) || 257,130 || 134   || 174   || 14
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 6 [[Roseires Dam|Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
| {{D-P|Source}} (105) ||  188,296|| 246  || 142 || 70
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |7 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Includes only Blue Nile (excludes White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
| {{D-W|Neutral}} (10) || 118,651|| 96  || 72   || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |8 [[Khashm el Girba]]{{efn|Roughly at the midpoint of the Atbarah river.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 | {{D-P|Source}} (30) ||  100,318|| 95   || 66  || 10
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 9 Mouth of [[Atbarah River]]{{efn |Measured at the Kilo3 station, where the Atbarah joins the Nile.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (−3) || 104,051 || 22  || 25 || 1
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 11 [[Aswan Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  188,011||2 || 13  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |12 [[Cairo]]/[[Nile Delta|Delta]]{{efn|Station is El Ekhsase, near Cairo. Basin data includes the Nile Delta, even though the delta is downstream of the station.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2, Sec 2.2.5}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  145,293||3  || 12  || 0
|}

[[File:The Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea (iss071e405499).jpg | thumb | The Nile (bottom) flows through Egypt's desert, which was much wetter during the [[African humid period]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Humid&quot;&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Kuper |Kröpelin|2006 |pp=803–807}}.  Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Bunbury|2023 |pp=47,57}}. Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Shoup|2017|loc=Articles: &quot;Culture of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of Egypt: Ancient&quot;, &quot;History of Sudan: Ancient Kush and Nubia&quot;, &quot;Atbara River&quot;}}. Nubian (Sudanese) culture in Sudan.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; |alt=A satellite photo of Egypt, showing mostly sandy ground, with a dark, meandering river flowing through the sand, emptying into a sea. ]]

[[File:Journey to Abydos, Tomb of Pairy MET DT10886.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|alt=A painting on a wall of a boat on a river, with Ancient Egyptians rowing it|Ancient Egyptians used boats extensively for transport. This image is from the [[TT139|Tomb of Pairy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ancientTransport&quot;&gt;
{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Van de Moortel|2007}}.
|{{harvnb|Creasman|2010}}. 
}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

===Post-colonial era===
[[File:Großer Tempel (Abu Simbel) 31.jpg|thumb|The [[Abu Simbel|Abu Simbel temples]] were relocated to higher ground when the [[Aswan High Dam]] was built and submerged their original location.{{sfn|Fleming  |Lothian |1997 |pp=135-136}} 
|alt=A huge rock sculpture of four kings sitting on thrones.]]
Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa deegi bɛ maŋsulinsi Britain yuuni 1950s sunsuuni.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-23}}{{efn|name=EgyptIndep|Egypt became nominally independent in 1922, but Britain maintained control of foreign policy and kept armed forces near the Suez Canal.  Full independence was achieved in 1957 after the [[Suez Crisis]].{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|pp=63-68}}}} Yuuni 1959 Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa labi lihi bɛ yuuni 1929 kom laɣim yuusi saawara. Bɛ ni daa labi gbaai saawara shɛli maa nyɛla din daa wuhi ni bɛ yɛn laɣimi yuusiri kom ŋɔ, ka daa yɛlli ni Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yɛn yuusiri kom maa kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 55.5 mini 18.5 billion cubic meters gabaadaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=122–123}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|pp=22–24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbani shɛŋa din be mɔɣili maa zuɣusaa nyɛla bɛ ni daa yihi shɛba lala saawara maa gbaabu ni, di shɛli nyɛ Ethiopia ka di gba nyɛ din tiri mɔɣili maa kom.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}

Yuuni 1959 saawara ŋɔ gbaabu maa nyɛla din daa ti Egypt mini Sudan soli ni bɛ gbi kulibɔna ka di nyɛ binshɛli bɛ ni daa niŋ: Egypt nyɛla ban daa gbi Aswan High Dam (di nyɛla din daa naai yuuni 1970); Sudan nyɛla ban daa gbi  [[Khashm el-Girba Dam]] (1964), [[Roseires Dam]] (1966), [[Merowe Dam]] (2009), n ti pahi [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex]] (2017).{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}{{efn|The 1959 agreement also provided for financial compensation paid from Egypt to Sudan for the displacement of [[Nubians]] as a result of the new reservoir behind the Aswan High Dam.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-24}}}}

[[File:GERD 3.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025, generates over 5 gigawatts.{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}}|alt=A photograph of large concrete dam and the reservoir it creates.  The photo is taken from an aerial viewpoint, looking down from above.  Large plumes of white water spray over a spillway.]]
[[File:Desert agriculture in Egypt (Copernicus 2024-02-03).jpg|thumb|alt=An aerial photograph of a yellow sandy desert to the west of the Nile. Over forty green circles are visible, where irrigation water has been used to grow crops.|These crops in Egypt (near the [[Toshka Lakes]]) are the result of [[New Valley Project|an irrigation system]] that pumps Nile water out of [[Lake Nasser]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|&quot;Desert Agriculture&quot;, ''Copernicus Programme''}}.
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=84–85}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
]]
{{efn|This table only includes hydropower stations with capacities over 100 MW.  Smaller stations including [[Assiut Barrage]], [[Jebel Aulia Dam]], [[Naga Hammadi dam]], [[Esna Power Plant]], and  [[Tis Abay I, II]]   are not included. Hydropower stations ''outside'' the Nile Basin are not included, such as Ethiopia's [[Gilgel Gibe I Dam|Gilgel Gibe Dams I]], [[Gilgel Gibe II Dam|II]], and [[Gilgel Gibe III Dam|III]].}}
{| class= &quot;wikitable defaultright col2center col5center sortable&quot;
|+ Major hydropower stations in the Nile Basin{{efn|Colors in the &quot;Landmark&quot; column indicate the country in which the hydropower station is located.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Hydropower&lt;br&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nearby&lt;br&gt;landmark
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year&lt;br&gt;completed
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Nameplate capacity|Power]]&lt;br&gt;(MW, in 2025)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Tributary
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Aswan Low Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan, Egypt]]}} ||1902, 1912, 1933, 1985||  550{{sfn|&quot;Aswan Low Dam&quot;, ''Egypt MOEE'' }} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Aswan High Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan]] Egypt}} || 1970 || 2,100{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=149}} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Merowe Dam]]
| {{WinDL|[[Merowe, Sudan]]  }}|| 2009 || 1,250{{sfn|&quot;Merowe Dam - Sudan&quot;, '' Abu Dhabi Fund for Development''}}  || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex|Upper Atbara and Setit]]
| {{WinDL| [[Showak|Showak, Sudan]] }}||  2017  || 320{{sfn|&quot;Upper Atbara Dam&quot;,  ''OPEC Fund for International Development''}}  || [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]] and [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Roseires Dam]]
| {{WinDL| [[Er Roseires|Er Roseires, Sudan]]}} || 1966, 2013  || 280{{sfn|&quot;Roseires Dam&quot;, ''IHA''}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Beles Hydroelectric Power Plant|Tana Beles]]
| {{partial|[[Lake Tana|Lake Tana, Ethiopia]]}} || 2010 || 460{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || [[Beles River]], Blue Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Tekezé Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Tekezé River|Tekezé River, Ethiopia]]}} || 2009 || 300{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}}    || [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]], [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Bameza|Bameza, Ethiopia]] }}|| 2020 || 5,150{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Fincha Hydroelectric Power Station|Fincha]]
| {{partial| [[Fincha'a|Fincha'a, Ethiopia]]}} || 1973|| 134{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || Blue Nile (Chomen Lake) 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station|Karuma]]
| {{nom|  [[Karuma Falls|Karuma Falls, Uganda ]]}} || 2024 || 600{{sfn|&quot;Karuma&quot;, ''Uganda Radio Network''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Isimba Hydroelectric Power Station|Isimba]]
| {{nom| [[Kamuli District|Kamuli District, Uganda]]}}|| 2019 || 183{{sfn|&quot;Isimba Power Station&quot;, ''UEGCL''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Bujagali Hydroelectric Power Station|Bujagali]]
| {{nom| [[Bujagali Falls|Bujagali Falls, Uganda]]}}|| 2012|| 250{{sfn|Griffin|2018}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Kiira Hydroelectric Power Station|Kiira]]
| {{nom| [[Kimaka|Kimaka, Uganda]]}}|| 2003 || 200{{sfn|Angurini|2021}} || Victoria Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Nalubaale Hydroelectric Power Station|Nalubaale]]
| {{nom| [[Jinja, Uganda]]}} || 1954|| 180{{Sfn|Tumwesigye|2011|p=10}}  ||   Victoria Nile
|}
 &lt;!-- 
{{
efn|
The river has several major cities on or near its banks including Cairo, [[Khartoum]], [[Juba]], and [[Kampala]]. These cities have hotels and facilities for tourists, such as the [[Speke Resort and Conference Center]], opened in Kampala in 2007.{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|p=217}} 
}} --&gt;

== In culture==

===Art and literature===
{{Multiple image
| width             = 
| total_width       = 425
| perrow            = 2

| image1            = Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes, Tomb of Menna MET DT10878.jpg
| alt1              = A painting of two boats on a river, with ancient Egyptian men and women standing on the boats, catching fish from the river.  
| caption1          = This ancient Egyptian artwork, &quot;Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes&quot;, is within the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]].{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}

| image2            =Maler der Grabkammer des Menna 003.jpg
| alt2            = A painting of some dead fish, from the Tomb of Menna
| caption2          = A [[Nile crocodile]] eating fish.{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}{{efn|Detail of larger artwork in the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]]{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}} }}
 
| image3            = 0 Mosaïque à scène mytholgique - villa Severi - Pal. Massimo 3.JPG
| alt3              = A large mosaic artwork.  It is a landscape of a river, with animals and people in the river, including crocodiles and hippos.
| caption3          = [[Nilotic landscape]]s, such as this 2nd century Roman  mosaic, often displayed crocodiles and hippos.&lt;ref name=Nilotic_Egyptian/&gt;

| image4            = New Wing, Vatican Museums (25497052238) (cropped).jpg
| alt4              = A large marble sculpture, inside a formal room. The main object is a reclining nude man, surrounded by many children, as well as some animals.
| caption4          = ''[[Personification of the River Nile]]'' is a colossal marble sculpture from {{circa}} 2nd century CE Rome{{snd}}now in the [[Vatican Museum]].&lt;ref name=colossal/&gt;

}}
T{{clear }}

==Kundivihira ==
===Footnotes===
{{notelist}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Betancourt|2007|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=Introduction to Aegean Art
 |first1= P.P
 |last1=Betancourt
| author-link=Philip Betancourt
| isbn= 9781623030841
| year= 2007
 | url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoae0000beta
| publisher= [[Institute for Aegean Prehistory]]
| access-date= 1 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Bunbury  |2023|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=River Culture 
 |chapter = The Egyptian Nile
 | editor-last=Wantzen 
 |editor-first= Karl M.
 |first1= Judith 
 |last1= Bunbury 
 |display-authors=etal
 |pages = 43–78 
| author-link= Judith Bunbury
| isbn=  9789231005404
|doi=10.54677/HHMI3947
| year= 2023
 | url= https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 
| publisher= [[UNESCO]]
| access-date= 10 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Camberlin|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =307–333
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/307
| chapter = Nile Basin Climates
| first= Pierre
| last = Camberlin
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Collins|2002|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title= The Nile
 |first1= Robert 
 |last1= Collins
| author-link= Robert O. Collins
| isbn=  9780300097641
| year= 2002
 | url= https://archive.org/details/nile00robe
| publisher=  [[Yale University Press]]
| access-date= 16 March 2026
}}  The &quot;Bibliographical Essay&quot; (pp. 245{{ndash}}248) lists books about the Nile River.

&lt;!--{{sfn|Dumont |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 1–22
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/1
| chapter = A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources
| first= Henri
| last = Dumont
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Eggermont |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 243–262
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/883
| chapter = Rwenzori Mountains (Mountains of the Moon): Headwaters of the Nile
| first= Hilde
| last = Eggermont
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|Dumont|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 95–124
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/95
| chapter =  The Fayum Depression
| first1= Gamal
| last1 = El-Shabrawy
| first2= Henri
| last2 = Dumont
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 125–156
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/125
| chapter =  Lake Nasser-Nubia
| first1= Gamal
| last1 = El-Shabrawy
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Sheekh |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 395–406
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/395
| chapter =   River Nile Pollutants and Their Effect on Life Forms and Water Quality
| first1=  Mostafa 
| last1 = El-Sheekh
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Embabi   |2018  | pp=&gt;? }} --&gt; 
* {{Cite book 
|last=Embabi 
|first=N.S.
 |title=Landscapes and Landforms of Egypt
 |year=2018
 |isbn=9783319656595
|publisher=[[Springer Nature]]
 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8_4
|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8
 |access-date=4 February 2020 
|archive-date=4 February 2020 
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204215026/https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8
 |url-status=live
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Faulkner|1964 |p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |first= Raymond
 |last = Faulkner
 |author-link =  Raymond O. Faulkner
 |title= A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian
 |year=  1964 
 |orig-year=  1962  
 |publisher = [[Griffith Institute]]
 |url=  https://archive.org/details/concisedictionar0000faul/
 |access-date = 26 March 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Fierro|Nyer|2007|p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | last1 =  Fierro
| first1 =  Pedro
| first2 =  Evan K.
| last2 =  Nyer
 | title = The Water Encyclopedia: Hydrologic Data and Internet Resources
 | publisher = [[CRC Press]]
| year =  2007
 | isbn = 9781420012583 
 | url  = https://archive.org/details/waterencyclopedi0000unse_j5x4
 | access-date = 24 March 2026
 }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Fleming |Lothian  |1997 |p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | last1 = Fleming
| first1 = Fergus 
| first2 = Alan
| last2 = Lothian
 | title = The Way to Eternity: Egyptian Myth
 | publisher = Duncan Baird 
| year = 1997
 | isbn = 0705435032
 | url =https://archive.org/details/waytoeternityegy00flem
 }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Gardiner|1964|p =?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |first= Alan
 |last = Gardiner
 |author-link = Alan Gardiner
 |title=Egyptian Grammar  
 |year= 1964 
 |edition =3rd
 |orig-year= 1927
 |publisher = [[Oxford University Press ]]
 |url=https://archive.org/details/egyptiangrammar0000alan 
 |access-date = 26 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 499–520
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/499
| chapter = The Oligochaeta of the Nile Basin Revisited 
| first= Samir
| last = Ghabbour
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =205–214
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/205
| chapter =  The Kyoga Catchment
| first= Jim
| last = Green
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 705–720
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/705
| chapter =   Birds of the Nile
| first= Jim
| last = Green
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|El-Moghraby|2009|pp=???}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 193–204
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/193
| chapter = Swamps of the Upper White Nile
| first1= Jim
| last1 = Green
| first2= Asim
| last2 = El-Moghraby
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hamilton |2016|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=Luganda Dictionary and Grammar 
 |first1=  Alan
 |last1= Hamilton
| isbn=  9780954149611
| year=    2016 
 | url= https://archive.org/details/lugandadictionar0000hami
| publisher=  Alan Hamilton
| access-date= 31 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Hamza|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 75–94
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/75
| chapter = The Nile Delta
| first= Waleed
| last = Hamza
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hart|2005|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last=Hart
|first=George
|author-link=George Hart (Egyptologist)
|title=The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
|edition=Second
|year=2005
|publisher=[[Routledge]]
|isbn=  0415344956
|url=https://archive.org/details/edg-the-routledge-dictionary-of-egyptian-gods
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|Holl|2025|pp=355–375}} 
* {{cite book
|last1=Holl
 |first1=Augustin
 |title=General History of Africa
 |volume=IX: General history of Africa Revisited 
 |chapter =Ancient Civilizations of Africa
|publisher=[[UNESCO]]
|pages=355–375
|year=2025
|isbn=9789231008092
|chapter-url = https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000396045?posInSet=1&amp;queryId=N-EXPLORE-612fe50c-9ec6-4256-8bd3-7b7ec50033a7
|access-date=2 February 2026
}}--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hornung|1982|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last=Hornung
|first=Erik
|author-link=Erik Hornung
|translator-first=John
|translator-last=Baines
|translator-link= John Baines (Egyptologist)
|others=Original in German.
|title=Conceptions of God in Egypt: The One and the Many
|publisher=[[Cornell University Press]]
|year=1982
|orig-year= 1971
| isbn=9780801412233
| url= https://archive.org/details/conceptionsofgod0000horn_q6b3
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hughes|1992|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last1=Hughes
|first1=Ralph H.
|display-authors=etal
|title=IUCN Directory of African Wetlands
 |url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1992-007.pdf
|access-date=2013-03-25
 |year=1992
|publisher= [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]]
|isbn=9782880329495
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Lehman|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =215–242
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/215
| chapter =   Lake Victoria
| first=  John
| last = Lehman
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last= Murray
|first= G. W.
|title=An English-Nubian Comparative Dictionary
|year= 1923
|publisher= [[Humphrey Milford]], [[Oxford University Press]]
|url=https://archive.org/details/englishnubiancom0004gwmu_4
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Okidi|1994|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Okidi
 |first=C. O.
 |editor-first1=P.P.
 |editor-last1=Howell
 |editor-first2=J. J.
 |editor-last2=Alan
 |isbn=9780521450409
 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521450409/page/321
 |access-date=12 January 2026
 |title=The Nile: Sharing a Scarce Resource
 |chapter=History of the Nile and Lake Victoria Basins through Treaties
 |pages=321–350
 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
 |year=1994
}}

 &lt;!-- {{sfn|Redford  |2001|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |year=   2001
 |title=   Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
 | volume = 2
 |editor-last1= Redford  
 |editor-first1=   Donald B.
|editor-link1=  Donald B. Redford
 |publisher= Oxford University Press
 |url=   https://archive.org/details/oxfordencyclopediaofancientegyptvolume2
 |access-date=26 March 2026
 |isbn=  0195138228 
}}

 &lt;!-- {{sfn|Redford  |2001a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |year=   2001a
 |title=   Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
 | volume =3
 |editor-last1= Redford  
 |editor-first1=   Donald B.
|editor-link1=  Donald B. Redford
 |publisher= Oxford University Press
 |url=  https://archive.org/details/oxfordencyclopediaofancientegyptvolume3
 |access-date=26 March 2026
 |isbn=  0195138236
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Roach|2025|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=  Roach
 |first= Steven
 |year=  2025
 |chapter=Introduction: Nile Basin Politics and its Challenges
 |pages=1–16
 |title=Nile Basin Politics: From Coordinated to Cooperative Peace 
 |editor-last1=  Roach
 |editor-first1= Steven
 |editor-last2=  Hudson
 |editor-first2= Derrick
 |publisher= [[Edward Elgar Publishing]]
 |url=  https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollbook/book/9781803927176/9781803927176.xml
 | doi=10.4337/9781803927176
 |access-date=15 January 2026
 |isbn=  9781803927176 
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Robins|2008|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title= The Art of Ancient Egypt
  | last =Robins
  | first= Gay
 | author-link= Gay Robins
  |  isbn=9780674030657
  |  url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YD-z8hmdUMIC
  |access-date= 24 February 2026
 |   year=2008
 | orig-year=1997
  |  publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]
}}
 
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Rosenthal|2005}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=  Rosenthal
 |first= Lisa
 |year=  2005
 |title=Gender, Politics, and Allegory in the Art of Rubens
 |publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/genderpoliticsal0000rose
 |access-date=15 December 2025
 |isbn= 9780521842440
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Said|1993}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Said
 |first=Rushdi
 |author-link=Rushdi Said
 |year=1993
 |title=The River Nile: Geology, Hydrology, and Utilization
 |publisher=[[Pergamon Press]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/rivernilegeology0000said 
 |access-date=11 February 2026
 |isbn= 0080418864
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Schama|1995|pp=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Schama
 |first=Simon
|author-link=Simon Schama
 |year=1995
 |isbn=9780679402558
 |title=Landscape and Memory
 |publisher=[[A.A. Knopf]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/landscapememory0000scha_k7e4
 |access-date=15 December 2025
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Shahin|2002}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last=Shahin
 |first=Mamdouh
 |url=https://archive.org/details/hydrologywaterre0000shah
 |title=Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa
 |date=2002
 |publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
 |isbn=9781402008665
 | access-date=7 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Shoup|2017|loc= articleName }} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |  title=The Nile: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture
  |  last=Shoup
 |first= John A.
  | display-authors=etal
  |  isbn=9798216123323 
  |  url=https://archive.org/details/the-nile-an-encyclopedia-of-geography-history-and-culture
  | access-date= 14 February 2026
  |  year=2017
  |  publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] / [[ABC-CLIO]]
}} EBook.  The hardcover is {{isbn|9781440840401}}.

 &lt;!-- {{sfn| Siliotti|1997|p=?}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |  title=Guide to the Valley of the Kings
 |   last =Siliotti
 | first= Alberto
 | author-link = Alberto Siliotti
 |   isbn=9780760733257
  |  url=https://books.google.com/books?id=owicnQAACAAJ
 | access-date= 24 February 2026
  |  year=1997
  |  publisher=[[Barnes &amp; Noble ]]
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn| Smith|1878}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last= Smith
 |first= William
|author-link = William Smith (lexicographer)
 |url= https://archive.org/details/anewclassicaldi00unkngoog
 |title=A New Classical Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography, Mythology And Geography
 |date= 1878
 |publisher= [[Harper &amp; Brothers]]
 |lccn=04035163
 |access-date=7 January 2026
}}
 
&lt;!-- {{sfn| Stokes|2009 |p=??}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last=  Stokes
 |first=  Jamie
 |url= https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpe0000unse_h6k0 
 |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East
 |volume=2
 |date= 2009 
  |isbn=9781438126760
 |publisher=  [[Facts On File]]
 |access-date=13 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 334–364
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/334
| chapter = The Hydrology of the Nile Basin
| first= John
| last = Sutcliffe
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talbot|Williams|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 37–60
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/37
| chapter =   Cenozoic Evolution of the Nile Basin  
| first1=     Michael 
| last1 =  Talbot
| first2=     Martin
| last2 =  Williams
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talling|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 23–34
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/23
| chapter =     History of Scientific Research
| first=    Jack 
| last = Talling
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talling|2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 367–394
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/367
| chapter =  Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics
| first=    Jack 
| last = Talling
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Tian|2025|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
| title =Ancient Egypt in Video Games
|editor-first=Jennifer 
|editor-last=  Cromwell
| isbn = 9783111534022
|year=2025
|  publisher = [[de Gruyter Oldenbourg]]
| chapter = Pharaohs, Labourers and Wonder Builders: Illustrating Ancient Egypt with Game Mechanics in Strategy Games 
| pages = 87–110
| last= Tian 
|first=Tian
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Tvedt|2021}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | title= The Nile: History's Greatest River
 | last=Tvedt
 | first= Terje
 | author-link = Terje Tvedt
 | isbn= 9780755616800
 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=brYsEAAAQBAJ
 | access-date= 10 December 2025
 | year= 2021
 | publisher= [[Bloomsbury Publishing]]
 }}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Van Damme| Bocxlaer|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| series=Monographiae Biologicae
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 585–630
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/585
| chapter = Freshwater Molluscs of the Nile Basin, Past and Present
| first1= Dirk
| last1 = Van Damme
| first2= Bert
| last2 = Bocxlaer
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|Versluys|2002 |pp=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
|last1= Versluys
|first1=  M. J.
|year= 2002
|title=Aegyptiaca Romana : Nilotic Scenes and the Roman Views of Egypt
|publisher=  [[Brill Publishers]]
|url= https://archive.org/details/aegyptiacaromana0000vers
|access-date=15 January 2026
| isbn = 9004124403
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Vijverberg|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 163–192
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/163
| chapter =   Lake Tana: Source of the Blue Nile
| first=    Jacobus
| last = Vijverberg
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Warren| 2006 | p =352  }}. --&gt; 
* {{Cite book
 |last=Warren
 |first=John 
 |url=https://archive.org/details/evaporitessedime0000warr
 |title=Evaporites: Sediments, Resources and Hydrocarbons
 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]
 |year=2006 
|isbn=3540260110   
 |url-access=registration
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Williams |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 61–72
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/61
| chapter = Late Quaternary Environments in Nile Basin
| first= Martin
| last = Williams
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Williams |2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 771–780
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/771
| chapter = Human Impact on Nile Basin
| first= Martin
| last = Williams
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Witte |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 647–676
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/647
| chapter =   Fish Fauna of the Nile 
| first=     Frans  
| last =  Witte 
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Witte |2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 723–748
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/723
| chapter =  Fisheries of the Nile System 
| first=     Frans  
| last =  Witte 
| display-authors=etal
}}

====Journals and websites====

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abdelsalam|2018}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Abdelsalam |first1=Mohamed G.
|title=The Nile's journey through space and time: A geological perspective
|journal=Earth-Science Reviews
|date=February 2018
|volume=177
|pages=742–773
|doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.01.010
|doi-access=free |bibcode=2018ESRv..177..742A
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abdullah|2020}} 
* {{cite journal
|display-author1=1 |ref={{sfnref|Abdullah|2020}}
|last1=Abdullah |first1=Al-Noor |last2=Rahman |first2=Sanzidur |last3=Essex |first3=Stephen |last4=Benhin |first4=James
|title=Economic Contributions of Mega-Dam Infrastructure as Perceived by Local and Displaced Communities: A Case Study of Merowe Dam, Sudan
|journal=Agriculture |date=12 June 2020 |volume=10 |issue=6
|article-number=227
|doi=10.3390/agriculture10060227 |doi-access=free
}}
--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abotalib|2023}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Abotalib|2023}}
|last1=Abotalib |first1=Abotalib Z. |last2=Abdelhady |first2=Ahmed A. |last3=Heggy |first3=Essam |last4=Salem |first4=Salem G. |last5=Ismail |first5=Esam |last6=Ali |first6=Ahmed |last7=Khalil |first7=Mahmoud M. |title=Irreversible and Large-Scale Heavy Metal Pollution Arising From Increased Damming and Untreated Water Reuse in the Nile Delta
|journal=Earth's Future |date=March 2023 |volume=11 |issue=3
|article-number=e2022EF002987
|doi=10.1029/2022EF002987 |doi-access= free
|bibcode=2023EaFut..1102987A
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn| Alnaqbi|2022}} 
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Alnaqbi|2022}}
|last1=Alnaqbi |first1=Shaima |last2=Alasad |first2=Shamma |last3=Aljaghoub |first3=Haya |last4=Alami |first4=Abdul |last5=Abdelkareem |first5=Mohammad |last6=Olabi |first6=Abdul |title=Applicability of Hydropower Generation and Pumped Hydro Energy Storage in the Middle East and North Africa
|journal=Energies |date=25 March 2022 |volume=15 |issue=7
|article-number=2412
|doi=10.3390/en15072412 |doi-access=free
}}
--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Angurini|2021}} --&gt;
* {{cite news
 |url= https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/business/finance/eskom-invests-in-kiira-dam-water-controllers-3379660
 | title= Eskom Invests in Kiira Dam Water Controllers
| newspaper= [[Daily Monitor]]
|date=   2021
 |first=  Tom
| last=   Angurini
 |access-date=8 February 2026
 |location= Uganda
|oclc=	44216472
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Ayenalem|2023}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Ayenalem|2023}}
|last1=Ayenalem |first1=Abebe Yirga |last2=Fantini |first2=Emanuele |last3=Van der Zaag |first3=Pieter
|title=Popular culture and Nile hydropolitics: Amharic songs about the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam
|journal=International Journal of Water Governance |date=28 December 2023 |volume=10 |issue=1
|doi=10.59490/ijwg.10.2023.7359 |doi-access=free
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Beck|2018  }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Beck|2018}}
|last1=Beck |first1=Hylke E. |last2=Zimmermann |first2=Niklaus E. |last3=McVicar |first3=Tim R. |last4=Vergopolan |first4=Noemi |last5=Berg |first5=Alexis |last6=Wood |first6=Eric F. |title=Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution
|journal=Scientific Data |date=30 October 2018 |volume=5 |issue=1
|article-number=180214
|doi=10.1038/sdata.2018.214 |doi-access=free
|pmid=30375988
|pmc=6207062
|bibcode=2018NatSD...580214B
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Burton|1864|pp = 6–14 }}
* {{cite journal
|last1=Burton |first1=Richard F.
|author-link1=Richard Francis Burton
|title=On Lake Tanganyika, Ptolemy's Western Lake-Reservoir of the Nile
|journal=The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London |date=1865 |volume=35 |pages=1–15
|doi=10.2307/3698075 |jstor=3698075
}}

--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Creasman|) |pp = ?? }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Creasman|2010}}
|last1=Creasman |first1=Pearce Paul |last2=Doyle |first2=Noreen
|title=Overland Boat Transportation During the Pharaonic Period: Archaeology and Iconography
|journal=Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections |date=16 September 2010 |volume=2 |issue=3
|doi=10.2458/azu_jaei_v02i3_creasman
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Driouech |2020}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Driouech|2020}}
|last1=Driouech |first1=Fatima |last2=ElRhaz |first2=Khalid |last3=Moufouma-Okia |first3=Willfran |last4=Arjdal |first4=Khadija |last5=Balhane |first5=Saloua
|title=Assessing Future Changes of Climate Extreme Events in the CORDEX-MENA Region Using Regional Climate Model ALADIN-Climate
|journal=Earth Systems and Environment |date=September 2020 |volume=4 |issue=3
|pages=477–492
|doi=10.1007/s41748-020-00169-3 |doi-access=free
|bibcode=2020ESE.....4..477D
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|El Mahmoudi |2008  |pp = 53–67 }}. --&gt; 
* {{Cite journal 
|last1=El Mahmoudi 
|first1=A. 
|last2=Gabr 
|first2=A. 
|year=2008 
|title=Geophysical Surveys to Investigate the Relation Between the Quaternary Nile Channels and the Messinian Nile Canyon at East Nile Delta, Egypt
|journal=Arabian Journal of Geosciences 
|publisher=Springer Nature 
|volume=2 
|issue=1 
|pages=53–67 
|doi=10.1007/s12517-008-0018-9 
|issn=1866-7511}}

&lt;!--   {{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}} --&gt;
* {{Cite news
 |newspaper= [[Reuters]]
 |last=   Endeshaw
 |first= Dawit  
 |date=  2025
|title=Ethiopia Opens Africa's Largest Hydroelectric Dam to Egyptian Protest
|url=https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/boards-policy-regulation/ethiopia-opens-africas-largest-hydroelectric-dam-egyptian-protest-2025-09-09/ 
 |access-date=20 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn| Griffin| 2018 }} --&gt;
* {{cite news
 |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/nearly-completed-dam-on-white-nile-casts-a-long-shadow-1.3431735
 | title=Nearly Completed Dam on White Nile Casts a Long Shadow
| newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] 
|issn =	0791-5144
|date= 2018
 |first=Dan  
| last=Griffin
 |access-date=28 December 2021
 |location=Dublin, Ireland
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hafez |2024}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Hafez|2024}}
|last1=Hafez |first1=Ahmed M. |last2=Haggag |first2=Mohammed |last3=Wagdy |first3=Ahmad |last4=Radwan |first4=Hany G.
|title=Assessing the influences of future water development projects in Tekeze-Atbara-Setit basin on the Nile River inflow at Aswan, Egypt
|journal=Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies |date=December 2024 |volume=56
|article-number=102007
|doi=10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102007 |doi-access=free
|bibcode=2024JHyRS..5602007H
}}

&lt;!--   {{sfn|Hailu   |2022 }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Hailu |first1=Ashebir Dingeto
|title=Ethiopia hydropower development and Nile basin hydro politics
|journal=AIMS Energy |date=2022 |volume=10 |issue=1
|pages=87–101
|doi=10.3934/energy.2022006 |doi-access=free
}}

&lt;!--   {{sfn|Halsall|1998}}
* {{Cite web
 |last=Halsall
 |first=Paul
 |year = 1998
 | website = Ancient History Sourcebook
|title=Hymn to the Nile, C. 2100 BCE
|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt/literature/floodindex.html
 |access-date=20 November 2016
 |publisher=Fordham University
}}
 --&gt;
&lt;!--  {{sfn|Hassan|1997}} 
* {{cite journal
|last1=Hassan |first1=Fekri A.
|title=The dynamics of a riverine civilization: A geoarchaeological perspective on the Nile Valley, Egypt
|journal=World Archaeology |date=June 1997 |volume=29 |issue=1
|pages=51–74
|doi=10.1080/00438243.1997.9980363 |doi-access=free
}} 
--&gt;
&lt;!--  {{sfn|Hassan|2007}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Hassan |first1=Fekri A.
|title=The Aswan High Dam and the International Rescue Nubia Campaign
|journal=African Archaeological Review |date=December 2007 |volume=24 |issue=3–4
|pages=73–94
|doi=10.1007/s10437-007-9018-5 |jstor=40743449
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|Haupt|1926}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Haupt |first1=Paul
|author-link1=Paul Haupt
|title=Etymological and Critical Notes
|journal=The American Journal of Philology |date=1926 |volume=47 |issue=4
|pages=305–318 |doi=10.2307/289993 |jstor=289993
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Healy|2007|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
 |   title=Water Budgets: Foundations for Effective Water-Resources and Environmental Management
  |  last =Healy
 | first= R. W.
 |display-authors=etal
 |   url=https://water.usgs.gov/watercensus/AdHocComm/Background/WaterBudgets-FoundationsforEffectiveWater-ResourcesandEnvironmentalManagement.pdf
 |access-date= 14 January 2026
 |   year=2007
  |  publisher= [[U.S. Geological Survey]]
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hegab|2025}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Hegab|2025}}
|last1=Hegab |first1=Mahmoud H. |last2=El Sayed |first2=Seliem M. |last3=Ahmed |first3=Nasr M. |last4=Abdel-Aal |first4=Eman I. |last5=Kassem |first5=Doaa A. |last6=Gaber |first6=Khadiga M. |last7=Haroon |first7=Amany M. |last8=Abdel Gawad |first8=Soad S. |last9=Goher |first9=Mohamed E. |last10=Hussian |first10=Abd-Ellatif M.
|title=Evaluating the spatial pattern of water quality of the Nile River, Egypt, through multivariate analysis of chemical and biological indicators
|journal=Scientific Reports |date=4 March 2025 |volume=15 |issue=1
|article-number=7626
|doi=10.1038/s41598-025-89982-2
|pmid=40038343
|pmc=11880377
|bibcode=2025NatSR..15.7626H
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Holt|2026}} --&gt;
* {{Cite encyclopedia
|last1= Holt 
|first1= Peter 
|author-link1=Peter Holt (historian)
|display-authors=etal
|title=Egypt: Agriculture and Fishing
|year= 2026
|encyclopedia=[[Britannica]]
|url= https://www.britannica.com/place/Egypt/Agriculture-and-fishing
|access-date= 7 February 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hurst|2025}} --&gt;
* {{Cite encyclopedia
|last1= Hurst
|first1= Harold Edwin
|author-link1=Harold Edwin Hurst
|display-authors=etal
|title=Nile River
|year= 2025
|encyclopedia=[[Britannica]]
|url= https://www.britannica.com/place/Nile-River
|access-date=11 December 2025
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Huyge|2011|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Huyge|2011}}
|last1=Huyge |first1=Dirk |last2=Vandenberghe |first2=Dimitri A.G. |last3=De Dapper |first3=Morgan |last4=Mees |first4=Florias |last5=Claes |first5=Wouter |last6=Darnell |first6=John C.
|title=First evidence of Pleistocene rock art in North Africa: securing the age of the Qurta petroglyphs (Egypt) through OSL dating
|journal=Antiquity |date=November 2011 |volume=85 |issue=330
|pages=1184–1193
|doi=10.1017/S0003598X00061998
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|İlkbahar|Mercan|2023|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{Cite journal |last1=İlkbahar |first1=Hasan |last2=Mercan |first2=Muhammed Hüseyin |date=2023 |title=Hydro-Hegemony, Counter-Hegemony And Neoclassical Realism on the Nile Basin: An Analysis of Egypt's Response to the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (Gerd) |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00219096231188953 |journal=[[Journal of Asian and African Studies]] |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |language=en |volume=60 |issue=2 |pages=7–8 |doi=10.1177/00219096231188953 |issn=0021-9096 |url-access=subscription}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Kuper |Kröpelin|2006 |p=??? }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Kuper |first1=Rudolph |last2=Kröpelin |first2=Stefan
|title=Climate-Controlled Holocene Occupation in the Sahara: Motor of Africa's Evolution
|journal=Science |date=11 August 2006 |volume=313 |issue=5788
|pages=803–807
|doi=10.1126/science.1130989
|pmid=16857900 |bibcode=2006Sci...313..803K }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Lemma |2019 |p=??? }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Lemma|2019}}
|last1=Lemma |first1=Hanibal |last2=Nyssen |first2=Jan |last3=Frankl |first3=Amaury |last4=Poesen |first4=Jean |last5=Adgo |first5=Enyew |last6=Billi |first6=Paolo
|title=Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia
|journal=Journal of Hydrology |date=October 2019 |volume=577
|article-number=123968
|doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968
|bibcode=2019JHyd..57723968L
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Leplongeon |2017}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Leplongeon |first1=Alice
|title=Technological variability in the Late Palaeolithic lithic industries of the Egyptian Nile Valley: The case of the Silsilian and Afian industries
|journal=PLOS ONE |date=27 December 2017 |volume=12 |issue=12
|article-number=e0188824
|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0188824 |doi-access=free
|pmid=29281660
|pmc=5744920
|bibcode=2017PLoSO..1288824L
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Liu |2009}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Liu|2009}}
|last1=Liu |first1=S. |last2=Lu |first2=P. |last3=Liu |first3=D. |last4=Jin |first4=P. |last5=Wang |first5=W.
|title=Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world
|journal=International Journal of Digital Earth |date=March 2009 |volume=2 |issue=1
|pages=80–87
|doi=10.1080/17538940902746082
|bibcode=2009IJDE....2...80L
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Marshall| |p=??? }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Marshall |first1=Brian E.
|title=Guilty as charged: Nile perch was the cause of the haplochromine decline in Lake Victoria
|journal=Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences |date=September 2018 |volume=75 |issue=9
|pages=1542–1559
|doi=10.1139/cjfas-2017-0056
|bibcode=2018CJFAS..75.1542M
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|McCoy|2023}} --&gt;
* {{Cite news
|last1= McCoy
|first1=Terrence 
|display-authors=etal
|title=The Nile is the World's Longest River? The Amazon Would Like a Word
|date = 20 June 2023
| newspaper=[[Washington Post]]
|url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/06/12/amazon-nile-longest-river/
|access-date=24 March 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|McKenna|2025}} --&gt;
* {{Cite encyclopedia
|last1= McKenna
|first1=Amy
|display-authors=etal
|title=Blue Nile River
|year= 2025
|encyclopedia=[[Britannica]]
|url= https://www.britannica.com/place/Blue-Nile-River
|access-date=31 December 2025
}}

&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Mureithi |2025}} --&gt;
*   {{cite news
|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/sep/09/ethiopia-inaugurates-africa-largest-hydroelectric-dam-egypt-rift-deepens
|access-date= 15 February 2026 
 |title=Ethiopia Inaugurates Africa's Largest Hydroelectric Dam as Egypt Rift Deepens
 |newspaper=The Guardian
 |date=9 September 2025
|first=Carlos
|last=Mureithi 
 }}

&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Plummer |2023 }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
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&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Ranjan |2024}} --&gt;
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&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Senay|2014}} --&gt;
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&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Shuka| 2022}}
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}}
 
&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Van de Moortel|2007 }} --&gt;
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|title=Book Review of Sacred and Secular: Ancient Egyptian Ships and Boats, by Cheryl A. Ward
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}}

&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Walubiri|2018}} --&gt;
* {{cite web
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|access-date=16 October 2018
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&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Warburg |2007}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
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|title=The Search for the Sources of the White Nile and Egyptian-Sudanese Relations
|journal=Middle Eastern Studies |date=2007 |volume=43 |issue=3
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&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Waslekar|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
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|author-link= Sundeep Waslekar
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|year = 2009 
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* {{cite journal
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|article-number=e25530
|doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25530
|pmid=38327459
|pmc=10847645
}}
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&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Younes |2024}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
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====Unknown author====

&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Abyssinia&quot;, ''Library of Congress'' }} --&gt;
* {{cite web
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}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Current State of River Transport&quot;,  ''EnterpriseAM''}} --&gt;
* {{cite web
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}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Aswan Low Dam&quot;, ''Egypt MOEE'' }} --&gt;
*{{cite web
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&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Baḥr al-Ghazāl&quot; ''Britannica'' }} --&gt;
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|url= https://www.britannica.com/place/Bahr-al-Ghazal-river-South-Sudan
|access-date=7 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Big Canal&quot;, ''Popular Science''}}
* {{cite magazine
|ref={{sfnref |&quot;Big Canal&quot;, ''Popular Science'' }}
| magazine=[[Popular Science]]
| issn=	0161-7370
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|access-date=5 September 2015 
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|access-date=27 December 2025
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}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|&quot;Desert Agriculture&quot;, ''Copernicus Programme''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef|&quot;Desert Agriculture&quot;, ''Copernicus Programme''}}
  |url= https://www.copernicus.eu/en/media/image-day-gallery/desert-agriculture-egypt 
|title=Desert Agriculture in Egypt 
|date=  3 February 2024
|website= [[Copernicus Programme|Copernicus: Europe's Eyes on Earth]]
|publisher = [[European Union Space Programme]]
 |access-date= 12 February 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Private Sector in River Transport&quot;,  ''EnterpriseAM''}} --&gt;
* {{cite web
| ref= {{sfnRef|&quot;Private Sector in River Transport&quot;,  ''EnterpriseAM''}} 
|url=https://enterpriseam.com/egypt/hardhats/govt-wants-the-private-sector-to-get-in-on-developing-egypts-river-transport/
|title=Gov't Wants the Private Sector to Get in on Developing Egypt's River Transport 
|website= EnterpriseAM
|date= 5 April 2023
|access-date=11 February 2026
}}
 
&lt;!--  {{sfn|&quot;Hymn to the Nile Flood&quot;, ''University College London''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef|&quot;Hymn to the Nile Flood&quot;, ''University College London''}}
  |url=https://uegcl.com/isimba-hydropower-station/
|title= Hymn to the Nile Flood
|date= 2000
|website=Digital Egypt for Universities
|publisher=[[University College London]]
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}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|&quot;Isimba Power Station&quot;, ''UEGCL''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef|&quot;Isimba Power Station&quot;, ''UEGCL''}}
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|title=Isimba Hydropower Station
|date= 1 February 2026
|website=[[Uganda Electricity Generation Company Limited ]]
 |access-date= 7 February 2026
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|&quot;Karuma&quot;, ''Uganda Radio Network''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef|&quot;Karuma&quot;, ''Uganda Radio Network''}}
  |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/the-600-mw-karuma-hydropower-plant-commissioned/ 
|title=The 600 MW Karuma Hydropower Plant Commissioned 
|date=26 September 2024 
|website=[[The Independent (Uganda)]]
 |access-date=3 August 2025
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}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|&quot;Merowe Dam - Sudan&quot;, '' Abu Dhabi Fund for Development''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef|&quot;Merowe Dam - Sudan&quot;, '' Abu Dhabi Fund for Development''}}
  |url=https://www.adfd.ae/en/success-stories/merowe-dam-sudan
|title=Merowe Dam - Sudan
|date=  2024 
|website=[[Abu Dhabi Fund for Development]]
 |access-date=13 April 2026
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|&quot;Nile&quot;, ''Vatican Museum''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef|&quot;Nile&quot;, ''Vatican Museum''}}
|title=Nile
|publisher=  [[Vatican Museum]]
|url=  https://www.museivaticani.va/content/museivaticani/en/collezioni/musei/braccio-nuovo/Nilo.html
|access-date= 14 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|&quot;Nile Basin Dongola&quot;, ''Global Runoff Data Center''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef| &quot;Nile Basin Dongola&quot;, ''Global Runoff Data Center''}}
  |url=https://www.compositerunoff.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1662100.html
|title=Nile Basin - Station: Dongola
|website=Global Runoff Data Center 
|publisher=[[University of New Hampshire]]
 |access-date= 12 February 2026
}}
&lt;!--  SAVE FOR POSSIBLE FUTURE USE !!! 
  {{sfn|&quot;The Nile Basin&quot;, ''Nile Basin Initiative''}} 
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef| &quot;The Nile Basin&quot;, ''Nile Basin Initiative'' }}
|title=The Nile Basin
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|publisher= [[Nile Basin Initiative]]
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}}
--&gt; 
&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Nile Basin National Water Quality&quot;, ''Nile Basin Initiative''}} --&gt;
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|url= https://nilebasin.org/node/12482
|access-date=31 December 2025
}}

&lt;!--  {{snf|&quot;Personification of the River Nile&quot;, ''Yale Peabody Museum''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef|&quot;Personification of the River Nile&quot;, ''Yale Peabody Museum''}}
|title=Personification of the River Nile
|publisher=   [[Yale Peabody Museum]]
|url= https://echoesofegypt.peabody.yale.edu/overview/personification-river-nile
|access-date= 14 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|&quot;Roseires Dam&quot;, ''IHA''}}   --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef| &quot;Roseires Dam&quot;, ''IHA''}}
|title=Sudan - Roseires 
|year= 2022
|publisher= [[International Hydropower Association]]
|url= https://www.hydropower.org/sediment-management-case-studies/sudan-roseires
|access-date=9 February 2026
}}
 
&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Source Du Nil&quot;, ''Google Maps''}} --&gt;
* {{cite web
| ref= {{sfnRef|&quot;Source Du Nil&quot;, ''Google Maps''}} 
|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Source+Du+Nil/@-3.9151459,29.835292,750m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x19c0dc528139a7dd:0xe40198647c1df0f3!8m2!3d-3.9151459!4d29.8378669!16s%2Fg%2F11sf0fpfmf?entry=ttu&amp;g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDMxNS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D 
|title= Source Du Nil
|website=[[Google Maps]]
|date=  18 March 2026
|access-date=18 March 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;The Nile Basin Trust Fund&quot;,  ''World Bank Group''}} --&gt;
* {{cite web
| ref= {{sfnRef|&quot;The Nile Basin Trust Fund&quot;,  ''World Bank Group''}} 
|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/cooperation-in-international-waters-in-africa/brief/nile-basin-trust-fund
|title=The Nile Basin Trust Fund
|publisher=[[World Bank Group]]
|date= 14 January 2016
|access-date=20 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Upper Atbara Dam&quot;,  ''OPEC Fund for International Development''}} --&gt;
* {{cite web
| ref= {{sfnRef|&quot;Upper Atbara Dam&quot;,  ''OPEC Fund for International Development''}} 
|url=https://opecfund.org/where-we-work/list/upper-atbara-dam-complex-project
|title=Upper Atbara Dam Complex Project
|publisher=[[OPEC Fund for International Development]]
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&lt;!-- {{sfn|''Water Accounting in the Nile River Basin'', ''United Nations''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
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|title=Water Accounting in the Nile River Basin
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|access-date=11 December 2025
|doi= 10.4060/ca9895en
|isbn=9789251329825
}}

{{Nile River}}
{{Egypt topics}}
{{Ancient Egypt topics}}
{{Subject bar|auto=yes|wikt=yes|}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Nile| ]]
[[Category:Ancient Egyptian religion]]
[[Category:Geography of ancient Egypt]]
[[Category:Hebrew Bible rivers]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:National parks of Egypt]]
[[Category:Nile basin|*]]
[[Category:Rivers in art]]
[[Category:Rivers of Burundi]]
[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Rivers of Egypt]]
[[Category:Rivers of Eritrea]]
[[Category:Rivers of Ethiopia]]
[[Category:Rivers of Kenya]]
[[Category:Rivers of Rwanda]]
[[Category:Rivers of South Sudan]]
[[Category:Rivers of Sudan]]
[[Category:Rivers of Tanzania]]
[[Category:Rivers of Uganda]]
[[Category:Water transport in Egypt]]</text>
      <sha1>otl3sgxg1enueubu6dnxuy46ki25oys</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>140117</id>
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        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
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      <comment>Updated Content</comment>
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      <text bytes="74411" sha1="koatsgdaojfvzt4fpy3loie6jktrnel" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Major river in northeast Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

'''Nile''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zɔri gindi [[Africa]] wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Mediterranean teeku ni. Di waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 7,088, di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari dunia zaa mɔɣa,{{efn|name=longest}} amaa ti yi kana ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili maa puuni di nyɛla din pɔra ni Amazon mini [[Congo River|Congo]]. Nile nyɛla din mali taarihi zaŋ jandi gbaŋsabila biɛhisi shee, daabilim  n-ti pahi kaya ni taada taarihi

Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi ayi: dinima nyɛ White Nile mini Blue Nile. White Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din waɣa ka nyɛ so'kam ni saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ din tiri Nile kom amaa  Blue Nile nyɛla din mali kom viɛnyɛla kamani buyi zuɣu gari White Nile. White Nile nyɛla din piligi miri [[Lake Victoria]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gindi Uganda mini South Sudan ka   Blue Nile mi nyɛ din piligi miri Lake Tana din be Ethiopia ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chaŋ hali ni Sudan. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Sudannima tiŋ zuɣu Khartoum. Bin din gbaai ni Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo n chaŋ nti gari Nubian Desert n saa gari chaŋ Egypt tiŋ zuɣu [[Cairo]] ka di yi zo n lu Mediterranean teeku din miri [[Alexandria]].

Nile mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din paai yuma kamani 15,000. Di nyɛla din zɔri gindi kamani tiŋgbana pin'yini. Nile kom nyɛla din yirina saa mibu ni, sa'kom din yirina [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]. Tiŋgbana kamani {{snd}}[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]] n-ti pahi South Sudan nyɛla tiŋgbani shɛŋa din bi tooi nyari saa ka dizuɣu chɛ ka bɛ tooi mali mɔɣa niŋdi pukparilim. tiŋgbani shɛŋa din gba lahi be bee yaɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be Nile Basin nyɛ [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Eritrea]] nti pahi [[Rwanda]].

== Yuya mini gbunni ==

Silimiinsili bachi &quot;Nile&quot; nyɛla din yina [[Latin]] {{lang|la|Nilus}} mini  [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|Νεῖλος}} (Neilos) ka di nyɛ din yina Semitic bachi ''naḥal'', ka di gbunni nyɛ mɔɣili.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}
{{Quote box|align=right|width=30|[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] for {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}},&lt;br&gt;the word for 'river' or 'Nile':{{sfn|Gardiner|1964|pp=43,623}}{{efn|Other hieroglyphs for 'river' are presented in {{harvnb|Faulkner|1964|p=33}} and {{harvnb|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}.
}}  &lt;hiero&gt;M17-X1:D21-G43-N35:N35:N35&lt;/hiero&gt;
}}
Saha shɛli maa ha Egyptnima balli ni, lala bachi Ŋɔ nyɛla yuusiri shɛli zaŋ n-ti 'Nile' mini mɔɣili': {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}}.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}} Egyptnima nyɛla ban booni bɛ tiŋgbani {{lang|egy-latn|kmt}} ka di gbunni nyɛ  'sabinli',  di nyɛla din jandi sabinli zaŋ n-ti i Nile kom nahingbaŋ.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=339, 470}} Silimiinsili yuli  &quot;Blue Nile&quot; nyɛla lɛbiginsim din yina Larigu yuli ''Al-Baḥr Al-Azraq''.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}&lt;!--
{{efn|The waters of the Blue Nile are very dark during the winter flood season, as they carry vast amounts of sediment downstream.{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|pp=503-504}} 
}} --&gt;

Saha ŋɔ mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali bɔbugu Nile Basin. Egypt tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli ''Al-Nīl'', ''Baḥr Al-Nīl'' bee ''Nahr Al-Nīl''.&lt;ref name=Barh&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Badawi|2003 |p=717}}.
|{{harvnb|Hurst|2025}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--
{{efn|''Bahr'' is 'sea'; ''Nahr'' is 'river'.&lt;ref name=Barh/&gt;
}} --&gt; South Sudan tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli Arabic ''Baḥr el-Jebel'', {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}} ka di gbunni nyɛ 'Mountain River'.{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=6}}  Uganda tiŋgbani, ninvuɣ shɛba ban yɛri Luganda nyɛla ban booni li ''Kiyira''.{{sfn|Hamilton |2016|p=66}} Nubian niriba zaŋ n-ti Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yuusiri [[Nobiin language|Nobiin]] yuli ''Áman Dawū'' ('Great Water').{{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=8}}

Di nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi (mɔɣ'bihi shɛŋa dabam gba nyɛla din chaŋ na nti chirigi Nile) di shɛŋa nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ: 
* Albert Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Lake Albert chani Nimule&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Dumont|2009|pp=5,6,40}}.
|{{harvnb| Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Black Nile{{snd}}Yuli shɛli dabam zaŋ n-ti Atbarah mɔɣili &lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Haupt|1926|p=305}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Blue Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Kyoga Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka din zɔri yiri [[Lake Kyoga]] chani Lake Albert{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}
* Main Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Blue Nile mini White Nile{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=4}} 
* [[Mountain Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Uganda chani South Sudan{{sfn|Talling|2009|p=390}}&lt;!-- 
{{efn|The Mountain Nile is also called ''Baḥr al-Jabal'' or ''Baḥr el-Jebel'' in Arabic.
}} --&gt;
* Victoria Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri  [[Lake Victoria]] chani Lake Kyoga{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=5}}
* [[White Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Yellow Nile{{snd}} [[Wadi Howar]], mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Nile saha shɛli ha amaa ka nyɛ din daa kuui yuma din gari maa{{sfn| Dumont|2009|p=4}}
[[File:Nile River Sources.svg|thumb|alt= A map of northeast Africa. The Nile is visible as a meandering blue line, running vertically. The river starts at the bottom in green forested area, and goes upward then ends in a blue sea at the top.| The Nile has six [[Nile cataracts|cataracts]]{{efn| Some of the cataracts have been submerged by human-made reservoirs.}} and several sources.  ]]

{{clear}}[[File:Nile River Landmarks.svg|thumb|The waters of the Nile originate as rainfall in the mountains in the south and east regions of the Nile Basin.|alt=A map of northeast Africa, showing the location of several cities and tourist sights on the river]]

&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

====Sources and sinks: geographic basins====
[[Fil&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

e:Nile River discharge flow gauge locations.svg|thumb|The water balance tables of this article contain water flow information measured at the twelve stations shown in this map.&lt;ref name=HydroData/&gt;{{efn|name=StnNames}}|alt=A map of northeast Africa. The Nile River is drawn, and there are a dozen landmarks shown on the map, at various points of the river]]

{|   class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible  mw-uncollapsed nowrap defaultright col1left sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Geographic basin water balance (annual)&lt;ref name=HydroData&gt;{{harvnb|Senay|2014|loc=Tables 3,4,5 and 6;  Sec 3.5.5 (Source/Sink)}}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|name=exclGERD}}{{efn|name=TableLegend|Hydrology Table Legend:{{sfn|Senay|2014}}
* ''Precip'' - Precipitation (P)
* ''Evap''- Evapotranspiration (ET)
* ''Water Bal'' - Precip-ET
* ''Discharge'' - River flow at measuring station (average of the entire year)
* ''Source or Sink '' - Is basin a significant source or sink of water?
}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin's&lt;br /&gt;downstream&lt;br /&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 1 [[Lake Victoria]] outlet{{efn|Measured at [[Nalubaale dam]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (74) || 264,259 || 353   || 279   || 57
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2 [[Murchison Falls]]{{efn|Measured at [[Paara (Uganda)]], slightly downstream from Murchison Falls.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (15) || 85,513 || 109   || 94     || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |3 [[Mongalla, South Sudan|Mongalla]]{{efn|Measured at [[Mongalla, South Sudan]], about 40 km downstream (north) of [[Juba]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) || 131,691 || 159 || 158    || 5
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 4 [[Malakal]]{{efn|Malakal is after the confluence of the White Nile and Sobat. It includes both [[Bahr el Ghazal River|Bahr el Ghazal]] and [[Sobat River]] tributaries.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−159)  || 925,160|| 798   || 957   || 150
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |5 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Measured at [[Al Mogran]] before the Blue Nile confluence (includes only the White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |{{D-N|Sink}} (−40) || 257,130 || 134   || 174   || 14
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 6 [[Roseires Dam|Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
| {{D-P|Source}} (105) ||  188,296|| 246  || 142 || 70
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |7 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Includes only Blue Nile (excludes White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
| {{D-W|Neutral}} (10) || 118,651|| 96  || 72   || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |8 [[Khashm el Girba]]{{efn|Roughly at the midpoint of the Atbarah river.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 | {{D-P|Source}} (30) ||  100,318|| 95   || 66  || 10
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 9 Mouth of [[Atbarah River]]{{efn |Measured at the Kilo3 station, where the Atbarah joins the Nile.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (−3) || 104,051 || 22  || 25 || 1
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 11 [[Aswan Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  188,011||2 || 13  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |12 [[Cairo]]/[[Nile Delta|Delta]]{{efn|Station is El Ekhsase, near Cairo. Basin data includes the Nile Delta, even though the delta is downstream of the station.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2, Sec 2.2.5}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  145,293||3  || 12  || 0
|}

[[File:The Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea (iss071e405499).jpg | thumb | The Nile (bottom) flows through Egypt's desert, which was much wetter during the [[African humid period]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Humid&quot;&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Kuper |Kröpelin|2006 |pp=803–807}}.  Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Bunbury|2023 |pp=47,57}}. Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Shoup|2017|loc=Articles: &quot;Culture of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of Egypt: Ancient&quot;, &quot;History of Sudan: Ancient Kush and Nubia&quot;, &quot;Atbara River&quot;}}. Nubian (Sudanese) culture in Sudan.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; |alt=A satellite photo of Egypt, showing mostly sandy ground, with a dark, meandering river flowing through the sand, emptying into a sea. ]]

[[File:Journey to Abydos, Tomb of Pairy MET DT10886.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|alt=A painting on a wall of a boat on a river, with Ancient Egyptians rowing it|Ancient Egyptians used boats extensively for transport. This image is from the [[TT139|Tomb of Pairy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ancientTransport&quot;&gt;
{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Van de Moortel|2007}}.
|{{harvnb|Creasman|2010}}. 
}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

===Post-colonial era===
[[File:Großer Tempel (Abu Simbel) 31.jpg|thumb|The [[Abu Simbel|Abu Simbel temples]] were relocated to higher ground when the [[Aswan High Dam]] was built and submerged their original location.{{sfn|Fleming  |Lothian |1997 |pp=135-136}} 
|alt=A huge rock sculpture of four kings sitting on thrones.]]
Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa deegi bɛ maŋsulinsi Britain yuuni 1950s sunsuuni.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-23}}{{efn|name=EgyptIndep|Egypt became nominally independent in 1922, but Britain maintained control of foreign policy and kept armed forces near the Suez Canal.  Full independence was achieved in 1957 after the [[Suez Crisis]].{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|pp=63-68}}}} Yuuni 1959 Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa labi lihi bɛ yuuni 1929 kom laɣim yuusi saawara. Bɛ ni daa labi gbaai saawara shɛli maa nyɛla din daa wuhi ni bɛ yɛn laɣimi yuusiri kom ŋɔ, ka daa yɛlli ni Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yɛn yuusiri kom maa kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 55.5 mini 18.5 billion cubic meters gabaadaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=122–123}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|pp=22–24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbani shɛŋa din be mɔɣili maa zuɣusaa nyɛla bɛ ni daa yihi shɛba lala saawara maa gbaabu ni, di shɛli nyɛ Ethiopia ka di gba nyɛ din tiri mɔɣili maa kom.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}

Yuuni 1959 saawara ŋɔ gbaabu maa nyɛla din daa ti Egypt mini Sudan soli ni bɛ gbi kulibɔna ka di nyɛ binshɛli bɛ ni daa niŋ: Egypt nyɛla ban daa gbi Aswan High Dam (di nyɛla din daa naai yuuni 1970); Sudan nyɛla ban daa gbi  [[Khashm el-Girba Dam]] (1964), [[Roseires Dam]] (1966), [[Merowe Dam]] (2009), n ti pahi [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex]] (2017).{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}{{efn|The 1959 agreement also provided for financial compensation paid from Egypt to Sudan for the displacement of [[Nubians]] as a result of the new reservoir behind the Aswan High Dam.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-24}}}}

[[File:GERD 3.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025, generates over 5 gigawatts.{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}}|alt=A photograph of large concrete dam and the reservoir it creates.  The photo is taken from an aerial viewpoint, looking down from above.  Large plumes of white water spray over a spillway.]]
[[File:Desert agriculture in Egypt (Copernicus 2024-02-03).jpg|thumb|alt=An aerial photograph of a yellow sandy desert to the west of the Nile. Over forty green circles are visible, where irrigation water has been used to grow crops.|These crops in Egypt (near the [[Toshka Lakes]]) are the result of [[New Valley Project|an irrigation system]] that pumps Nile water out of [[Lake Nasser]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|&quot;Desert Agriculture&quot;, ''Copernicus Programme''}}.
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=84–85}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
]]
{{efn|This table only includes hydropower stations with capacities over 100 MW.  Smaller stations including [[Assiut Barrage]], [[Jebel Aulia Dam]], [[Naga Hammadi dam]], [[Esna Power Plant]], and  [[Tis Abay I, II]]   are not included. Hydropower stations ''outside'' the Nile Basin are not included, such as Ethiopia's [[Gilgel Gibe I Dam|Gilgel Gibe Dams I]], [[Gilgel Gibe II Dam|II]], and [[Gilgel Gibe III Dam|III]].}}
{| class= &quot;wikitable defaultright col2center col5center sortable&quot;
|+ Major hydropower stations in the Nile Basin{{efn|Colors in the &quot;Landmark&quot; column indicate the country in which the hydropower station is located.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Hydropower&lt;br&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nearby&lt;br&gt;landmark
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year&lt;br&gt;completed
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Nameplate capacity|Power]]&lt;br&gt;(MW, in 2025)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Tributary
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Aswan Low Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan, Egypt]]}} ||1902, 1912, 1933, 1985||  550{{sfn|&quot;Aswan Low Dam&quot;, ''Egypt MOEE'' }} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Aswan High Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan]] Egypt}} || 1970 || 2,100{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=149}} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Merowe Dam]]
| {{WinDL|[[Merowe, Sudan]]  }}|| 2009 || 1,250{{sfn|&quot;Merowe Dam - Sudan&quot;, '' Abu Dhabi Fund for Development''}}  || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex|Upper Atbara and Setit]]
| {{WinDL| [[Showak|Showak, Sudan]] }}||  2017  || 320{{sfn|&quot;Upper Atbara Dam&quot;,  ''OPEC Fund for International Development''}}  || [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]] and [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Roseires Dam]]
| {{WinDL| [[Er Roseires|Er Roseires, Sudan]]}} || 1966, 2013  || 280{{sfn|&quot;Roseires Dam&quot;, ''IHA''}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Beles Hydroelectric Power Plant|Tana Beles]]
| {{partial|[[Lake Tana|Lake Tana, Ethiopia]]}} || 2010 || 460{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || [[Beles River]], Blue Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Tekezé Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Tekezé River|Tekezé River, Ethiopia]]}} || 2009 || 300{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}}    || [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]], [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Bameza|Bameza, Ethiopia]] }}|| 2020 || 5,150{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Fincha Hydroelectric Power Station|Fincha]]
| {{partial| [[Fincha'a|Fincha'a, Ethiopia]]}} || 1973|| 134{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || Blue Nile (Chomen Lake) 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station|Karuma]]
| {{nom|  [[Karuma Falls|Karuma Falls, Uganda ]]}} || 2024 || 600{{sfn|&quot;Karuma&quot;, ''Uganda Radio Network''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Isimba Hydroelectric Power Station|Isimba]]
| {{nom| [[Kamuli District|Kamuli District, Uganda]]}}|| 2019 || 183{{sfn|&quot;Isimba Power Station&quot;, ''UEGCL''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Bujagali Hydroelectric Power Station|Bujagali]]
| {{nom| [[Bujagali Falls|Bujagali Falls, Uganda]]}}|| 2012|| 250{{sfn|Griffin|2018}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Kiira Hydroelectric Power Station|Kiira]]
| {{nom| [[Kimaka|Kimaka, Uganda]]}}|| 2003 || 200{{sfn|Angurini|2021}} || Victoria Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Nalubaale Hydroelectric Power Station|Nalubaale]]
| {{nom| [[Jinja, Uganda]]}} || 1954|| 180{{Sfn|Tumwesigye|2011|p=10}}  ||   Victoria Nile
|}
 &lt;!-- 
{{
efn|
The river has several major cities on or near its banks including Cairo, [[Khartoum]], [[Juba]], and [[Kampala]]. These cities have hotels and facilities for tourists, such as the [[Speke Resort and Conference Center]], opened in Kampala in 2007.{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|p=217}} 
}} --&gt;

== In culture==

===Art and literature===
{{Multiple image
| width             = 
| total_width       = 425
| perrow            = 2

| image1            = Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes, Tomb of Menna MET DT10878.jpg
| alt1              = A painting of two boats on a river, with ancient Egyptian men and women standing on the boats, catching fish from the river.  
| caption1          = This ancient Egyptian artwork, &quot;Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes&quot;, is within the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]].{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}

| image2            =Maler der Grabkammer des Menna 003.jpg
| alt2            = A painting of some dead fish, from the Tomb of Menna
| caption2          = A [[Nile crocodile]] eating fish.{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}{{efn|Detail of larger artwork in the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]]{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}} }}
 
| image3            = 0 Mosaïque à scène mytholgique - villa Severi - Pal. Massimo 3.JPG
| alt3              = A large mosaic artwork.  It is a landscape of a river, with animals and people in the river, including crocodiles and hippos.
| caption3          = [[Nilotic landscape]]s, such as this 2nd century Roman  mosaic, often displayed crocodiles and hippos.&lt;ref name=Nilotic_Egyptian/&gt;

| image4            = New Wing, Vatican Museums (25497052238) (cropped).jpg
| alt4              = A large marble sculpture, inside a formal room. The main object is a reclining nude man, surrounded by many children, as well as some animals.
| caption4          = ''[[Personification of the River Nile]]'' is a colossal marble sculpture from {{circa}} 2nd century CE Rome{{snd}}now in the [[Vatican Museum]].&lt;ref name=colossal/&gt;

}}
T{{clear }}

==Kundivihira ==
===Footnotes===
{{notelist}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Betancourt|2007|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=Introduction to Aegean Art
 |first1= P.P
 |last1=Betancourt
| author-link=Philip Betancourt
| isbn= 9781623030841
| year= 2007
 | url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoae0000beta
| publisher= [[Institute for Aegean Prehistory]]
| access-date= 1 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Bunbury  |2023|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=River Culture 
 |chapter = The Egyptian Nile
 | editor-last=Wantzen 
 |editor-first= Karl M.
 |first1= Judith 
 |last1= Bunbury 
 |display-authors=etal
 |pages = 43–78 
| author-link= Judith Bunbury
| isbn=  9789231005404
|doi=10.54677/HHMI3947
| year= 2023
 | url= https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 
| publisher= [[UNESCO]]
| access-date= 10 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Camberlin|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =307–333
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/307
| chapter = Nile Basin Climates
| first= Pierre
| last = Camberlin
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Collins|2002|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title= The Nile
 |first1= Robert 
 |last1= Collins
| author-link= Robert O. Collins
| isbn=  9780300097641
| year= 2002
 | url= https://archive.org/details/nile00robe
| publisher=  [[Yale University Press]]
| access-date= 16 March 2026
}}  The &quot;Bibliographical Essay&quot; (pp. 245{{ndash}}248) lists books about the Nile River.

&lt;!--{{sfn|Dumont |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 1–22
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/1
| chapter = A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources
| first= Henri
| last = Dumont
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Eggermont |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 243–262
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/883
| chapter = Rwenzori Mountains (Mountains of the Moon): Headwaters of the Nile
| first= Hilde
| last = Eggermont
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|Dumont|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 95–124
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/95
| chapter =  The Fayum Depression
| first1= Gamal
| last1 = El-Shabrawy
| first2= Henri
| last2 = Dumont
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 125–156
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/125
| chapter =  Lake Nasser-Nubia
| first1= Gamal
| last1 = El-Shabrawy
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Sheekh |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 395–406
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/395
| chapter =   River Nile Pollutants and Their Effect on Life Forms and Water Quality
| first1=  Mostafa 
| last1 = El-Sheekh
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Embabi   |2018  | pp=&gt;? }} --&gt; 
* {{Cite book 
|last=Embabi 
|first=N.S.
 |title=Landscapes and Landforms of Egypt
 |year=2018
 |isbn=9783319656595
|publisher=[[Springer Nature]]
 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8_4
|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8
 |access-date=4 February 2020 
|archive-date=4 February 2020 
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204215026/https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8
 |url-status=live
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Faulkner|1964 |p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |first= Raymond
 |last = Faulkner
 |author-link =  Raymond O. Faulkner
 |title= A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian
 |year=  1964 
 |orig-year=  1962  
 |publisher = [[Griffith Institute]]
 |url=  https://archive.org/details/concisedictionar0000faul/
 |access-date = 26 March 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Fierro|Nyer|2007|p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | last1 =  Fierro
| first1 =  Pedro
| first2 =  Evan K.
| last2 =  Nyer
 | title = The Water Encyclopedia: Hydrologic Data and Internet Resources
 | publisher = [[CRC Press]]
| year =  2007
 | isbn = 9781420012583 
 | url  = https://archive.org/details/waterencyclopedi0000unse_j5x4
 | access-date = 24 March 2026
 }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Fleming |Lothian  |1997 |p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | last1 = Fleming
| first1 = Fergus 
| first2 = Alan
| last2 = Lothian
 | title = The Way to Eternity: Egyptian Myth
 | publisher = Duncan Baird 
| year = 1997
 | isbn = 0705435032
 | url =https://archive.org/details/waytoeternityegy00flem
 }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Gardiner|1964|p =?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |first= Alan
 |last = Gardiner
 |author-link = Alan Gardiner
 |title=Egyptian Grammar  
 |year= 1964 
 |edition =3rd
 |orig-year= 1927
 |publisher = [[Oxford University Press ]]
 |url=https://archive.org/details/egyptiangrammar0000alan 
 |access-date = 26 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 499–520
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/499
| chapter = The Oligochaeta of the Nile Basin Revisited 
| first= Samir
| last = Ghabbour
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =205–214
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/205
| chapter =  The Kyoga Catchment
| first= Jim
| last = Green
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 705–720
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/705
| chapter =   Birds of the Nile
| first= Jim
| last = Green
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|El-Moghraby|2009|pp=???}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 193–204
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/193
| chapter = Swamps of the Upper White Nile
| first1= Jim
| last1 = Green
| first2= Asim
| last2 = El-Moghraby
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hamilton |2016|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=Luganda Dictionary and Grammar 
 |first1=  Alan
 |last1= Hamilton
| isbn=  9780954149611
| year=    2016 
 | url= https://archive.org/details/lugandadictionar0000hami
| publisher=  Alan Hamilton
| access-date= 31 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Hamza|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 75–94
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/75
| chapter = The Nile Delta
| first= Waleed
| last = Hamza
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hart|2005|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last=Hart
|first=George
|author-link=George Hart (Egyptologist)
|title=The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
|edition=Second
|year=2005
|publisher=[[Routledge]]
|isbn=  0415344956
|url=https://archive.org/details/edg-the-routledge-dictionary-of-egyptian-gods
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|Holl|2025|pp=355–375}} 
* {{cite book
|last1=Holl
 |first1=Augustin
 |title=General History of Africa
 |volume=IX: General history of Africa Revisited 
 |chapter =Ancient Civilizations of Africa
|publisher=[[UNESCO]]
|pages=355–375
|year=2025
|isbn=9789231008092
|chapter-url = https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000396045?posInSet=1&amp;queryId=N-EXPLORE-612fe50c-9ec6-4256-8bd3-7b7ec50033a7
|access-date=2 February 2026
}}--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hornung|1982|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last=Hornung
|first=Erik
|author-link=Erik Hornung
|translator-first=John
|translator-last=Baines
|translator-link= John Baines (Egyptologist)
|others=Original in German.
|title=Conceptions of God in Egypt: The One and the Many
|publisher=[[Cornell University Press]]
|year=1982
|orig-year= 1971
| isbn=9780801412233
| url= https://archive.org/details/conceptionsofgod0000horn_q6b3
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hughes|1992|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last1=Hughes
|first1=Ralph H.
|display-authors=etal
|title=IUCN Directory of African Wetlands
 |url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1992-007.pdf
|access-date=2013-03-25
 |year=1992
|publisher= [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]]
|isbn=9782880329495
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Lehman|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =215–242
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/215
| chapter =   Lake Victoria
| first=  John
| last = Lehman
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last= Murray
|first= G. W.
|title=An English-Nubian Comparative Dictionary
|year= 1923
|publisher= [[Humphrey Milford]], [[Oxford University Press]]
|url=https://archive.org/details/englishnubiancom0004gwmu_4
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Okidi|1994|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Okidi
 |first=C. O.
 |editor-first1=P.P.
 |editor-last1=Howell
 |editor-first2=J. J.
 |editor-last2=Alan
 |isbn=9780521450409
 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521450409/page/321
 |access-date=12 January 2026
 |title=The Nile: Sharing a Scarce Resource
 |chapter=History of the Nile and Lake Victoria Basins through Treaties
 |pages=321–350
 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
 |year=1994
}}

 &lt;!-- {{sfn|Redford  |2001|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |year=   2001
 |title=   Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
 | volume = 2
 |editor-last1= Redford  
 |editor-first1=   Donald B.
|editor-link1=  Donald B. Redford
 |publisher= Oxford University Press
 |url=   https://archive.org/details/oxfordencyclopediaofancientegyptvolume2
 |access-date=26 March 2026
 |isbn=  0195138228 
}}

 &lt;!-- {{sfn|Redford  |2001a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |year=   2001a
 |title=   Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
 | volume =3
 |editor-last1= Redford  
 |editor-first1=   Donald B.
|editor-link1=  Donald B. Redford
 |publisher= Oxford University Press
 |url=  https://archive.org/details/oxfordencyclopediaofancientegyptvolume3
 |access-date=26 March 2026
 |isbn=  0195138236
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Roach|2025|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=  Roach
 |first= Steven
 |year=  2025
 |chapter=Introduction: Nile Basin Politics and its Challenges
 |pages=1–16
 |title=Nile Basin Politics: From Coordinated to Cooperative Peace 
 |editor-last1=  Roach
 |editor-first1= Steven
 |editor-last2=  Hudson
 |editor-first2= Derrick
 |publisher= [[Edward Elgar Publishing]]
 |url=  https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollbook/book/9781803927176/9781803927176.xml
 | doi=10.4337/9781803927176
 |access-date=15 January 2026
 |isbn=  9781803927176 
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Robins|2008|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title= The Art of Ancient Egypt
  | last =Robins
  | first= Gay
 | author-link= Gay Robins
  |  isbn=9780674030657
  |  url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YD-z8hmdUMIC
  |access-date= 24 February 2026
 |   year=2008
 | orig-year=1997
  |  publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]
}}
 
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Rosenthal|2005}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=  Rosenthal
 |first= Lisa
 |year=  2005
 |title=Gender, Politics, and Allegory in the Art of Rubens
 |publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/genderpoliticsal0000rose
 |access-date=15 December 2025
 |isbn= 9780521842440
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Said|1993}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Said
 |first=Rushdi
 |author-link=Rushdi Said
 |year=1993
 |title=The River Nile: Geology, Hydrology, and Utilization
 |publisher=[[Pergamon Press]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/rivernilegeology0000said 
 |access-date=11 February 2026
 |isbn= 0080418864
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Schama|1995|pp=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Schama
 |first=Simon
|author-link=Simon Schama
 |year=1995
 |isbn=9780679402558
 |title=Landscape and Memory
 |publisher=[[A.A. Knopf]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/landscapememory0000scha_k7e4
 |access-date=15 December 2025
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Shahin|2002}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last=Shahin
 |first=Mamdouh
 |url=https://archive.org/details/hydrologywaterre0000shah
 |title=Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa
 |date=2002
 |publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
 |isbn=9781402008665
 | access-date=7 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Shoup|2017|loc= articleName }} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |  title=The Nile: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture
  |  last=Shoup
 |first= John A.
  | display-authors=etal
  |  isbn=9798216123323 
  |  url=https://archive.org/details/the-nile-an-encyclopedia-of-geography-history-and-culture
  | access-date= 14 February 2026
  |  year=2017
  |  publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] / [[ABC-CLIO]]
}} EBook.  The hardcover is {{isbn|9781440840401}}.

 &lt;!-- {{sfn| Siliotti|1997|p=?}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |  title=Guide to the Valley of the Kings
 |   last =Siliotti
 | first= Alberto
 | author-link = Alberto Siliotti
 |   isbn=9780760733257
  |  url=https://books.google.com/books?id=owicnQAACAAJ
 | access-date= 24 February 2026
  |  year=1997
  |  publisher=[[Barnes &amp; Noble ]]
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn| Smith|1878}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last= Smith
 |first= William
|author-link = William Smith (lexicographer)
 |url= https://archive.org/details/anewclassicaldi00unkngoog
 |title=A New Classical Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography, Mythology And Geography
 |date= 1878
 |publisher= [[Harper &amp; Brothers]]
 |lccn=04035163
 |access-date=7 January 2026
}}
 
&lt;!-- {{sfn| Stokes|2009 |p=??}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last=  Stokes
 |first=  Jamie
 |url= https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpe0000unse_h6k0 
 |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East
 |volume=2
 |date= 2009 
  |isbn=9781438126760
 |publisher=  [[Facts On File]]
 |access-date=13 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 334–364
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/334
| chapter = The Hydrology of the Nile Basin
| first= John
| last = Sutcliffe
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talbot|Williams|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 37–60
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/37
| chapter =   Cenozoic Evolution of the Nile Basin  
| first1=     Michael 
| last1 =  Talbot
| first2=     Martin
| last2 =  Williams
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talling|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 23–34
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/23
| chapter =     History of Scientific Research
| first=    Jack 
| last = Talling
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talling|2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 367–394
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/367
| chapter =  Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics
| first=    Jack 
| last = Talling
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Tian|2025|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
| title =Ancient Egypt in Video Games
|editor-first=Jennifer 
|editor-last=  Cromwell
| isbn = 9783111534022
|year=2025
|  publisher = [[de Gruyter Oldenbourg]]
| chapter = Pharaohs, Labourers and Wonder Builders: Illustrating Ancient Egypt with Game Mechanics in Strategy Games 
| pages = 87–110
| last= Tian 
|first=Tian
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Tvedt|2021}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | title= The Nile: History's Greatest River
 | last=Tvedt
 | first= Terje
 | author-link = Terje Tvedt
 | isbn= 9780755616800
 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=brYsEAAAQBAJ
 | access-date= 10 December 2025
 | year= 2021
 | publisher= [[Bloomsbury Publishing]]
 }}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Van Damme| Bocxlaer|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| series=Monographiae Biologicae
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 585–630
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/585
| chapter = Freshwater Molluscs of the Nile Basin, Past and Present
| first1= Dirk
| last1 = Van Damme
| first2= Bert
| last2 = Bocxlaer
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|Versluys|2002 |pp=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
|last1= Versluys
|first1=  M. J.
|year= 2002
|title=Aegyptiaca Romana : Nilotic Scenes and the Roman Views of Egypt
|publisher=  [[Brill Publishers]]
|url= https://archive.org/details/aegyptiacaromana0000vers
|access-date=15 January 2026
| isbn = 9004124403
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Vijverberg|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 163–192
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/163
| chapter =   Lake Tana: Source of the Blue Nile
| first=    Jacobus
| last = Vijverberg
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Warren| 2006 | p =352  }}. --&gt; 
* {{Cite book
 |last=Warren
 |first=John 
 |url=https://archive.org/details/evaporitessedime0000warr
 |title=Evaporites: Sediments, Resources and Hydrocarbons
 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]
 |year=2006 
|isbn=3540260110   
 |url-access=registration
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Williams |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 61–72
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/61
| chapter = Late Quaternary Environments in Nile Basin
| first= Martin
| last = Williams
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Williams |2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 771–780
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/771
| chapter = Human Impact on Nile Basin
| first= Martin
| last = Williams
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Witte |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 647–676
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/647
| chapter =   Fish Fauna of the Nile 
| first=     Frans  
| last =  Witte 
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Witte |2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 723–748
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/723
| chapter =  Fisheries of the Nile System 
| first=     Frans  
| last =  Witte 
| display-authors=etal
}}

====Journals and websites====

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abdelsalam|2018}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Abdelsalam |first1=Mohamed G.
|title=The Nile's journey through space and time: A geological perspective
|journal=Earth-Science Reviews
|date=February 2018
|volume=177
|pages=742–773
|doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.01.010
|doi-access=free |bibcode=2018ESRv..177..742A
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abdullah|2020}} 
* {{cite journal
|display-author1=1 |ref={{sfnref|Abdullah|2020}}
|last1=Abdullah |first1=Al-Noor |last2=Rahman |first2=Sanzidur |last3=Essex |first3=Stephen |last4=Benhin |first4=James
|title=Economic Contributions of Mega-Dam Infrastructure as Perceived by Local and Displaced Communities: A Case Study of Merowe Dam, Sudan
|journal=Agriculture |date=12 June 2020 |volume=10 |issue=6
|article-number=227
|doi=10.3390/agriculture10060227 |doi-access=free
}}
--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abotalib|2023}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Abotalib|2023}}
|last1=Abotalib |first1=Abotalib Z. |last2=Abdelhady |first2=Ahmed A. |last3=Heggy |first3=Essam |last4=Salem |first4=Salem G. |last5=Ismail |first5=Esam |last6=Ali |first6=Ahmed |last7=Khalil |first7=Mahmoud M. |title=Irreversible and Large-Scale Heavy Metal Pollution Arising From Increased Damming and Untreated Water Reuse in the Nile Delta
|journal=Earth's Future |date=March 2023 |volume=11 |issue=3
|article-number=e2022EF002987
|doi=10.1029/2022EF002987 |doi-access= free
|bibcode=2023EaFut..1102987A
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn| Alnaqbi|2022}} 
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Alnaqbi|2022}}
|last1=Alnaqbi |first1=Shaima |last2=Alasad |first2=Shamma |last3=Aljaghoub |first3=Haya |last4=Alami |first4=Abdul |last5=Abdelkareem |first5=Mohammad |last6=Olabi |first6=Abdul |title=Applicability of Hydropower Generation and Pumped Hydro Energy Storage in the Middle East and North Africa
|journal=Energies |date=25 March 2022 |volume=15 |issue=7
|article-number=2412
|doi=10.3390/en15072412 |doi-access=free
}}
--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Angurini|2021}} --&gt;
* {{cite news
 |url= https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/business/finance/eskom-invests-in-kiira-dam-water-controllers-3379660
 | title= Eskom Invests in Kiira Dam Water Controllers
| newspaper= [[Daily Monitor]]
|date=   2021
 |first=  Tom
| last=   Angurini
 |access-date=8 February 2026
 |location= Uganda
|oclc=	44216472
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Ayenalem|2023}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Ayenalem|2023}}
|last1=Ayenalem |first1=Abebe Yirga |last2=Fantini |first2=Emanuele |last3=Van der Zaag |first3=Pieter
|title=Popular culture and Nile hydropolitics: Amharic songs about the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam
|journal=International Journal of Water Governance |date=28 December 2023 |volume=10 |issue=1
|doi=10.59490/ijwg.10.2023.7359 |doi-access=free
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Beck|2018  }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Beck|2018}}
|last1=Beck |first1=Hylke E. |last2=Zimmermann |first2=Niklaus E. |last3=McVicar |first3=Tim R. |last4=Vergopolan |first4=Noemi |last5=Berg |first5=Alexis |last6=Wood |first6=Eric F. |title=Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution
|journal=Scientific Data |date=30 October 2018 |volume=5 |issue=1
|article-number=180214
|doi=10.1038/sdata.2018.214 |doi-access=free
|pmid=30375988
|pmc=6207062
|bibcode=2018NatSD...580214B
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Burton|1864|pp = 6–14 }}
* {{cite journal
|last1=Burton |first1=Richard F.
|author-link1=Richard Francis Burton
|title=On Lake Tanganyika, Ptolemy's Western Lake-Reservoir of the Nile
|journal=The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London |date=1865 |volume=35 |pages=1–15
|doi=10.2307/3698075 |jstor=3698075
}}

--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Creasman|) |pp = ?? }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Creasman|2010}}
|last1=Creasman |first1=Pearce Paul |last2=Doyle |first2=Noreen
|title=Overland Boat Transportation During the Pharaonic Period: Archaeology and Iconography
|journal=Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections |date=16 September 2010 |volume=2 |issue=3
|doi=10.2458/azu_jaei_v02i3_creasman
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Driouech |2020}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Driouech|2020}}
|last1=Driouech |first1=Fatima |last2=ElRhaz |first2=Khalid |last3=Moufouma-Okia |first3=Willfran |last4=Arjdal |first4=Khadija |last5=Balhane |first5=Saloua
|title=Assessing Future Changes of Climate Extreme Events in the CORDEX-MENA Region Using Regional Climate Model ALADIN-Climate
|journal=Earth Systems and Environment |date=September 2020 |volume=4 |issue=3
|pages=477–492
|doi=10.1007/s41748-020-00169-3 |doi-access=free
|bibcode=2020ESE.....4..477D
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|El Mahmoudi |2008  |pp = 53–67 }}. --&gt; 
* {{Cite journal 
|last1=El Mahmoudi 
|first1=A. 
|last2=Gabr 
|first2=A. 
|year=2008 
|title=Geophysical Surveys to Investigate the Relation Between the Quaternary Nile Channels and the Messinian Nile Canyon at East Nile Delta, Egypt
|journal=Arabian Journal of Geosciences 
|publisher=Springer Nature 
|volume=2 
|issue=1 
|pages=53–67 
|doi=10.1007/s12517-008-0018-9 
|issn=1866-7511}}

&lt;!--   {{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}} --&gt;
* {{Cite news
 |newspaper= [[Reuters]]
 |last=   Endeshaw
 |first= Dawit  
 |date=  2025
|title=Ethiopia Opens Africa's Largest Hydroelectric Dam to Egyptian Protest
|url=https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/boards-policy-regulation/ethiopia-opens-africas-largest-hydroelectric-dam-egyptian-protest-2025-09-09/ 
 |access-date=20 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn| Griffin| 2018 }} --&gt;
* {{cite news
 |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/nearly-completed-dam-on-white-nile-casts-a-long-shadow-1.3431735
 | title=Nearly Completed Dam on White Nile Casts a Long Shadow
| newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] 
|issn =	0791-5144
|date= 2018
 |first=Dan  
| last=Griffin
 |access-date=28 December 2021
 |location=Dublin, Ireland
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hafez |2024}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Hafez|2024}}
|last1=Hafez |first1=Ahmed M. |last2=Haggag |first2=Mohammed |last3=Wagdy |first3=Ahmad |last4=Radwan |first4=Hany G.
|title=Assessing the influences of future water development projects in Tekeze-Atbara-Setit basin on the Nile River inflow at Aswan, Egypt
|journal=Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies |date=December 2024 |volume=56
|article-number=102007
|doi=10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102007 |doi-access=free
|bibcode=2024JHyRS..5602007H
}}

&lt;!--   {{sfn|Hailu   |2022 }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Hailu |first1=Ashebir Dingeto
|title=Ethiopia hydropower development and Nile basin hydro politics
|journal=AIMS Energy |date=2022 |volume=10 |issue=1
|pages=87–101
|doi=10.3934/energy.2022006 |doi-access=free
}}

&lt;!--   {{sfn|Halsall|1998}}
* {{Cite web
 |last=Halsall
 |first=Paul
 |year = 1998
 | website = Ancient History Sourcebook
|title=Hymn to the Nile, C. 2100 BCE
|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt/literature/floodindex.html
 |access-date=20 November 2016
 |publisher=Fordham University
}}
 --&gt;
&lt;!--  {{sfn|Hassan|1997}} 
* {{cite journal
|last1=Hassan |first1=Fekri A.
|title=The dynamics of a riverine civilization: A geoarchaeological perspective on the Nile Valley, Egypt
|journal=World Archaeology |date=June 1997 |volume=29 |issue=1
|pages=51–74
|doi=10.1080/00438243.1997.9980363 |doi-access=free
}} 
--&gt;
&lt;!--  {{sfn|Hassan|2007}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Hassan |first1=Fekri A.
|title=The Aswan High Dam and the International Rescue Nubia Campaign
|journal=African Archaeological Review |date=December 2007 |volume=24 |issue=3–4
|pages=73–94
|doi=10.1007/s10437-007-9018-5 |jstor=40743449
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|Haupt|1926}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Haupt |first1=Paul
|author-link1=Paul Haupt
|title=Etymological and Critical Notes
|journal=The American Journal of Philology |date=1926 |volume=47 |issue=4
|pages=305–318 |doi=10.2307/289993 |jstor=289993
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Healy|2007|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
 |   title=Water Budgets: Foundations for Effective Water-Resources and Environmental Management
  |  last =Healy
 | first= R. W.
 |display-authors=etal
 |   url=https://water.usgs.gov/watercensus/AdHocComm/Background/WaterBudgets-FoundationsforEffectiveWater-ResourcesandEnvironmentalManagement.pdf
 |access-date= 14 January 2026
 |   year=2007
  |  publisher= [[U.S. Geological Survey]]
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hegab|2025}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Hegab|2025}}
|last1=Hegab |first1=Mahmoud H. |last2=El Sayed |first2=Seliem M. |last3=Ahmed |first3=Nasr M. |last4=Abdel-Aal |first4=Eman I. |last5=Kassem |first5=Doaa A. |last6=Gaber |first6=Khadiga M. |last7=Haroon |first7=Amany M. |last8=Abdel Gawad |first8=Soad S. |last9=Goher |first9=Mohamed E. |last10=Hussian |first10=Abd-Ellatif M.
|title=Evaluating the spatial pattern of water quality of the Nile River, Egypt, through multivariate analysis of chemical and biological indicators
|journal=Scientific Reports |date=4 March 2025 |volume=15 |issue=1
|article-number=7626
|doi=10.1038/s41598-025-89982-2
|pmid=40038343
|pmc=11880377
|bibcode=2025NatSR..15.7626H
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Holt|2026}} --&gt;
* {{Cite encyclopedia
|last1= Holt 
|first1= Peter 
|author-link1=Peter Holt (historian)
|display-authors=etal
|title=Egypt: Agriculture and Fishing
|year= 2026
|encyclopedia=[[Britannica]]
|url= https://www.britannica.com/place/Egypt/Agriculture-and-fishing
|access-date= 7 February 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hurst|2025}} --&gt;
* {{Cite encyclopedia
|last1= Hurst
|first1= Harold Edwin
|author-link1=Harold Edwin Hurst
|display-authors=etal
|title=Nile River
|year= 2025
|encyclopedia=[[Britannica]]
|url= https://www.britannica.com/place/Nile-River
|access-date=11 December 2025
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Huyge|2011|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Huyge|2011}}
|last1=Huyge |first1=Dirk |last2=Vandenberghe |first2=Dimitri A.G. |last3=De Dapper |first3=Morgan |last4=Mees |first4=Florias |last5=Claes |first5=Wouter |last6=Darnell |first6=John C.
|title=First evidence of Pleistocene rock art in North Africa: securing the age of the Qurta petroglyphs (Egypt) through OSL dating
|journal=Antiquity |date=November 2011 |volume=85 |issue=330
|pages=1184–1193
|doi=10.1017/S0003598X00061998
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|İlkbahar|Mercan|2023|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{Cite journal |last1=İlkbahar |first1=Hasan |last2=Mercan |first2=Muhammed Hüseyin |date=2023 |title=Hydro-Hegemony, Counter-Hegemony And Neoclassical Realism on the Nile Basin: An Analysis of Egypt's Response to the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (Gerd) |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00219096231188953 |journal=[[Journal of Asian and African Studies]] |publisher=[[Sage Publishing]] |language=en |volume=60 |issue=2 |pages=7–8 |doi=10.1177/00219096231188953 |issn=0021-9096 |url-access=subscription}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Kuper |Kröpelin|2006 |p=??? }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Kuper |first1=Rudolph |last2=Kröpelin |first2=Stefan
|title=Climate-Controlled Holocene Occupation in the Sahara: Motor of Africa's Evolution
|journal=Science |date=11 August 2006 |volume=313 |issue=5788
|pages=803–807
|doi=10.1126/science.1130989
|pmid=16857900 |bibcode=2006Sci...313..803K }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Lemma |2019 |p=??? }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Lemma|2019}}
|last1=Lemma |first1=Hanibal |last2=Nyssen |first2=Jan |last3=Frankl |first3=Amaury |last4=Poesen |first4=Jean |last5=Adgo |first5=Enyew |last6=Billi |first6=Paolo
|title=Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia
|journal=Journal of Hydrology |date=October 2019 |volume=577
|article-number=123968
|doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968
|bibcode=2019JHyd..57723968L
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Leplongeon |2017}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Leplongeon |first1=Alice
|title=Technological variability in the Late Palaeolithic lithic industries of the Egyptian Nile Valley: The case of the Silsilian and Afian industries
|journal=PLOS ONE |date=27 December 2017 |volume=12 |issue=12
|article-number=e0188824
|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0188824 |doi-access=free
|pmid=29281660
|pmc=5744920
|bibcode=2017PLoSO..1288824L
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Liu |2009}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Liu|2009}}
|last1=Liu |first1=S. |last2=Lu |first2=P. |last3=Liu |first3=D. |last4=Jin |first4=P. |last5=Wang |first5=W.
|title=Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world
|journal=International Journal of Digital Earth |date=March 2009 |volume=2 |issue=1
|pages=80–87
|doi=10.1080/17538940902746082
|bibcode=2009IJDE....2...80L
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Marshall| |p=??? }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Marshall |first1=Brian E.
|title=Guilty as charged: Nile perch was the cause of the haplochromine decline in Lake Victoria
|journal=Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences |date=September 2018 |volume=75 |issue=9
|pages=1542–1559
|doi=10.1139/cjfas-2017-0056
|bibcode=2018CJFAS..75.1542M
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|McCoy|2023}} --&gt;
* {{Cite news
|last1= McCoy
|first1=Terrence 
|display-authors=etal
|title=The Nile is the World's Longest River? The Amazon Would Like a Word
|date = 20 June 2023
| newspaper=[[Washington Post]]
|url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/06/12/amazon-nile-longest-river/
|access-date=24 March 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|McKenna|2025}} --&gt;
* {{Cite encyclopedia
|last1= McKenna
|first1=Amy
|display-authors=etal
|title=Blue Nile River
|year= 2025
|encyclopedia=[[Britannica]]
|url= https://www.britannica.com/place/Blue-Nile-River
|access-date=31 December 2025
}}

&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Mureithi |2025}} --&gt;
*   {{cite news
|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/sep/09/ethiopia-inaugurates-africa-largest-hydroelectric-dam-egypt-rift-deepens
|access-date= 15 February 2026 
 |title=Ethiopia Inaugurates Africa's Largest Hydroelectric Dam as Egypt Rift Deepens
 |newspaper=The Guardian
 |date=9 September 2025
|first=Carlos
|last=Mureithi 
 }}

&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Plummer |2023 }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Plummer|2023}}
|last1=Plummer |first1=Thomas W. |last2=Oliver |first2=James S. |last3=Finestone |first3=Emma M. |last4=Ditchfield |first4=Peter W. |last5=Bishop |first5=Laura C. |last6=Blumenthal |first6=Scott A. |last7=Lemorini |first7=Cristina |last8=Caricola |first8=Isabella |last9=Bailey |first9=Shara E. |last10=Herries |first10=Andy I. R. |last11=Parkinson |first11=Jennifer A. |last12=Whitfield |first12=Elizabeth |last13=Hertel |first13=Fritz |last14=Kinyanjui |first14=Rahab N. |last15=Vincent |first15=Thomas H. |last16=Li |first16=Youjuan |last17=Louys |first17=Julien |last18=Frost |first18=Stephen R. |last19=Braun |first19=David R. |last20=Reeves |first20=Jonathan S. |last21=Early |first21=Emily D. G. |last22=Onyango |first22=Blasto |last23=Lamela-Lopez |first23=Raquel |last24=Forrest |first24=Frances L. |last25=He |first25=Huaiyu |last26=Lane |first26=Timothy P. |last27=Frouin |first27=Marine |last28=Nomade |first28=Sébastien |last29=Wilson |first29=Evan P. |last30=Bartilol |first30=Simion K. |last31=Rotich |first31=Nelson Kiprono |last32=Potts |first32=Richard
|title=Expanded geographic distribution and dietary strategies of the earliest Oldowan hominins and Paranthropus
|journal=Science |date=10 February 2023 |volume=379 |issue=6632
|pages=561–566
|doi=10.1126/science.abo7452
|pmid=36758076
|bibcode=2023Sci...379..561P
|url=https://hal.science/hal-04001912
}}

&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Ranjan |2024}} --&gt;
*  {{cite journal
|last1=Ranjan |first1=Amit
|title=Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam dispute: implications, negotiations, and mediations
|journal=Journal of Contemporary African Studies |date=2 January 2024 |volume=42 |issue=1
|pages=18–36
|doi=10.1080/02589001.2023.2287425
}}

&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Rose |2000 }}
*   {{cite web
|url=https://www.laits.utexas.edu/cairo/history/ancient/ancient.html
|access-date= 15 February 2026 
|title=Ancient Cairo: 3000 BCE - 200 CE
 |website=   Cairo: Living Past, Living Future
 |publisher=[[University of Texas]] 
 |year = 2000
|first= Christopher
|last= Rose 
 }}
 --&gt;
&lt;!-- {{harvnb|Roussi|2020}}  --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Roussi |first1=Antoaneta
|title=Row over Africa's largest dam in danger of escalating, warn scientists
|journal=Nature |date=23 July 2020 |volume=583 |issue=7817
|pages=501–502
|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-02124-8
|pmid=32669727
|bibcode=2020Natur.583..501R
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Sabr|2026}} --&gt;
* {{Cite encyclopedia
|last1= Sabr
|first1=  Mohy el-Din
|display-authors=etal
|title=Sudan: Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing
|year= 2026
|encyclopedia=[[Britannica]]
|url= https://www.britannica.com/place/Sudan/Agriculture-forestry-and-fishing
|access-date= 7 February 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Senay|2014}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Senay|2014}}
|last1=Senay |first1=Gabriel B. |last2=Velpuri |first2=Naga Manohar |last3=Bohms |first3=Stefanie |last4=Demissie |first4=Yonas |last5=Gebremichael |first5=Mekonnen
|title=Understanding the hydrologic sources and sinks in the N ile B asin using multisource climate and remote sensing data sets
|journal=Water Resources Research |date=November 2014 |volume=50 |issue=11
|pages=8625–8650
|doi=10.1002/2013WR015231
|bibcode=2014WRR....50.8625S
}}

&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Shuka| 2022}}
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Shuka|2022}}
|last1=Shuka |first1=Kamal Abdelrahim Mohamed |last2=Ke |first2=Wang |last3=Sohail Nazar |first3=Mohammad |last4=Abubakar |first4=Ghali Abdullahi |last5=Shahtahamssebi |first5=AmirReza
|title=Impact of Hydrological Infrastructure Projects on Land Use/Cover and Socioeconomic Development in Arid Regions—Evidence from the Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex, Kassala, Eastern Sudan
|journal=Sustainability |date=15 March 2022 |volume=14 |issue=6
|article-number=3422
|doi=10.3390/su14063422 |doi-access=free
}}
 --&gt;
&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Soliman|2006}} 
* {{cite journal
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|last1=Soliman |first1=A. S. |last2=Wang |first2=X. |last3=Stanley |first3=J.-D. |last4=El-Ghawalby |first4=N. |last5=Bondy |first5=M. L. |last6=Ezzat |first6=F. |last7=Soultan |first7=A. |last8=Abdel-Wahab |first8=M. |last9=Fathy |first9=O. |last10=Ebidi |first10=G. |last11=Abdel-Karim |first11=N. |last12=Do |first12=K.-Anh. |last13=Levin |first13=B. |last14=Hamilton |first14=S. R. |last15=Abbruzzese |first15=J. L.
|title=Geographical Clustering of Pancreatic Cancers in the Northeast Nile Delta Region of Egypt
|journal=Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology |date=July 2006 |volume=51 |issue=1
|pages=142–148
|doi=10.1007/s00244-005-0154-0
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}}
--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Tumwesigye|2011|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
| title=Key Issues in Uganda's Energy Sector
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| access-date= 7 February 2026
| publisher= [[International Institute for Environment and Development]]
| last= Tumwesigye
|first =Robert 
| year=2011
|isbn=978-1-84369-831-9
|display-authors=etal
}}
 
&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Van de Moortel|2007 }} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Van de Moortel |first1=Aleydis
|title=Book Review of Sacred and Secular: Ancient Egyptian Ships and Boats, by Cheryl A. Ward
|journal=American Journal of Archaeology |date=October 2007 |volume=111 |issue=4
|doi=10.3764/ajaonline1114.VandeMoortel |doi-access=free
}}

&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Walubiri|2018}} --&gt;
* {{cite web
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|first=Moses 
| url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1487771/nile-bridge-fifth-africa
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|access-date=16 October 2018
|date=16 October 2018
 |newspaper=[[New Vision]] 
}}

&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Warburg |2007}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Warburg |first1=Gabriel R.
|author-link1=Gabriel Warburg
|title=The Search for the Sources of the White Nile and Egyptian-Sudanese Relations
|journal=Middle Eastern Studies |date=2007 |volume=43 |issue=3
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|doi=10.1080/00263200701246165
|jstor=4284556
}}

&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Waslekar|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
|last= Waslekar
|first= Sundeep 
|author-link= Sundeep Waslekar
| url = http://www.strategicforesight.com/publication_pdf/11374Nile%20concise.pdf 
|title = Blue Peace for the Nile
|year = 2009 
 |access-date= 20 January 2026
 |publisher = [[Strategic Foresight Group]]
}}

&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Wedajo|2024}} 
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Wedajo|2024}}
|last1=Wedajo |first1=Obsinet Abebe |last2=Fufa |first2=Fekadu |last3=Ayenew |first3=Tenalem |last4=Nedaw |first4=Dessie
|title=A review of hydroclimate variability and changes in the Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia
|journal=Heliyon |date=February 2024 |volume=10 |issue=3
|article-number=e25530
|doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25530
|pmid=38327459
|pmc=10847645
}}
 --&gt;
&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Younes |2024}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Younes|2024}}
|last1=Younes |first1=Gamal |last2=Marriner |first2=Nick |last3=Kaniewski |first3=David |last4=Sheisha |first4=Hader |last5=Chen |first5=Zhongyuan |last6=Salama |first6=Asem |last7=El-Qady |first7=Gad |last8=Morhange |first8=Christophe
|title=The pyramid builders' waterways: Reconstructing the ancient topography of Khufu's Pharaonic Harbour at Giza, Egypt
|journal=Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports |date=February 2024 |volume=53
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|doi=10.1016/j.jasrep.2023.104303
|bibcode=2024JArSR..53j4303Y
|url=https://hal.science/hal-04295184
}}

====Unknown author====

&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Abyssinia&quot;, ''Library of Congress'' }} --&gt;
* {{cite web
|ref={{sfnref |&quot;Abyssinia&quot;, ''Library of Congress'' }}
|title=Abyssinia, Or the Empire of Prester John
|publisher=  [[Jodocus Hondius]] 
|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/2021668727/ 
|access-date=11 February 2026
|website= [[Library of Congress]]
|year=1619
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Current State of River Transport&quot;,  ''EnterpriseAM''}} --&gt;
* {{cite web
| ref= {{sfnRef|&quot;Current State of River Transport&quot;,  ''EnterpriseAM''}} 
|url=https://enterpriseam.com/egypt/hardhats/a-look-into-the-current-state-of-the-river-transport-sector/
|title=A Look into the Current State of the River Transport Sector 
|website= EnterpriseAM
|date=  16 July 2025
|access-date=11 February 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Aswan Low Dam&quot;, ''Egypt MOEE'' }} --&gt;
*{{cite web
|ref={{sfnref |&quot;Aswan Low Dam&quot;, ''Egypt MOEE'' }}
|title=Aswan Dam (1,2) Electric Hydro Power Plant
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|year=2011
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|url-status=dead
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|archivedate=20 July 2011
 }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Baḥr al-Ghazāl&quot; ''Britannica'' }} --&gt;
* {{Cite encyclopedia
|ref={{sfnref |&quot;Baḥr al-Ghazāl&quot; ''Britannica'' }}
|title=Baḥr Al-Ghazāl
|year= 2025
|encyclopedia=[[Britannica]]
|url= https://www.britannica.com/place/Bahr-al-Ghazal-river-South-Sudan
|access-date=7 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Big Canal&quot;, ''Popular Science''}}
* {{cite magazine
|ref={{sfnref |&quot;Big Canal&quot;, ''Popular Science'' }}
| magazine=[[Popular Science]]
| issn=	0161-7370
| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=6CcDAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA34 
|title=Big Canal to Change Course of Nile River
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905230928/https://books.google.com/books?id=6CcDAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA34 
 |archive-date=5 September 2015
|access-date=5 September 2015 
|date=October 1933
}} --&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Colossal&quot;, ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
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|chapter=Colossal
 |title=[[Concise Oxford English Dictionary]]
|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]
|chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/conciseoxforddic0000unse_t1j9/page/282
|access-date=27 December 2025
 |pages=282
 |isbn=0198604386
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|&quot;Desert Agriculture&quot;, ''Copernicus Programme''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef|&quot;Desert Agriculture&quot;, ''Copernicus Programme''}}
  |url= https://www.copernicus.eu/en/media/image-day-gallery/desert-agriculture-egypt 
|title=Desert Agriculture in Egypt 
|date=  3 February 2024
|website= [[Copernicus Programme|Copernicus: Europe's Eyes on Earth]]
|publisher = [[European Union Space Programme]]
 |access-date= 12 February 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Private Sector in River Transport&quot;,  ''EnterpriseAM''}} --&gt;
* {{cite web
| ref= {{sfnRef|&quot;Private Sector in River Transport&quot;,  ''EnterpriseAM''}} 
|url=https://enterpriseam.com/egypt/hardhats/govt-wants-the-private-sector-to-get-in-on-developing-egypts-river-transport/
|title=Gov't Wants the Private Sector to Get in on Developing Egypt's River Transport 
|website= EnterpriseAM
|date= 5 April 2023
|access-date=11 February 2026
}}
 
&lt;!--  {{sfn|&quot;Hymn to the Nile Flood&quot;, ''University College London''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef|&quot;Hymn to the Nile Flood&quot;, ''University College London''}}
  |url=https://uegcl.com/isimba-hydropower-station/
|title= Hymn to the Nile Flood
|date= 2000
|website=Digital Egypt for Universities
|publisher=[[University College London]]
 |access-date= 27 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|&quot;Isimba Power Station&quot;, ''UEGCL''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef|&quot;Isimba Power Station&quot;, ''UEGCL''}}
  |url=https://uegcl.com/isimba-hydropower-station/
|title=Isimba Hydropower Station
|date= 1 February 2026
|website=[[Uganda Electricity Generation Company Limited ]]
 |access-date= 7 February 2026
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|&quot;Karuma&quot;, ''Uganda Radio Network''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef|&quot;Karuma&quot;, ''Uganda Radio Network''}}
  |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/the-600-mw-karuma-hydropower-plant-commissioned/ 
|title=The 600 MW Karuma Hydropower Plant Commissioned 
|date=26 September 2024 
|website=[[The Independent (Uganda)]]
 |access-date=3 August 2025
 |publisher =[[Uganda Radio Network]] 
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|&quot;Merowe Dam - Sudan&quot;, '' Abu Dhabi Fund for Development''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef|&quot;Merowe Dam - Sudan&quot;, '' Abu Dhabi Fund for Development''}}
  |url=https://www.adfd.ae/en/success-stories/merowe-dam-sudan
|title=Merowe Dam - Sudan
|date=  2024 
|website=[[Abu Dhabi Fund for Development]]
 |access-date=13 April 2026
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|&quot;Nile&quot;, ''Vatican Museum''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef|&quot;Nile&quot;, ''Vatican Museum''}}
|title=Nile
|publisher=  [[Vatican Museum]]
|url=  https://www.museivaticani.va/content/museivaticani/en/collezioni/musei/braccio-nuovo/Nilo.html
|access-date= 14 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|&quot;Nile Basin Dongola&quot;, ''Global Runoff Data Center''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef| &quot;Nile Basin Dongola&quot;, ''Global Runoff Data Center''}}
  |url=https://www.compositerunoff.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1662100.html
|title=Nile Basin - Station: Dongola
|website=Global Runoff Data Center 
|publisher=[[University of New Hampshire]]
 |access-date= 12 February 2026
}}
&lt;!--  SAVE FOR POSSIBLE FUTURE USE !!! 
  {{sfn|&quot;The Nile Basin&quot;, ''Nile Basin Initiative''}} 
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef| &quot;The Nile Basin&quot;, ''Nile Basin Initiative'' }}
|title=The Nile Basin
|year= 2025
|publisher= [[Nile Basin Initiative]]
|url= https://nilebasin.org/nile-basin 
|access-date=13  March 2026
}}
--&gt; 
&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Nile Basin National Water Quality&quot;, ''Nile Basin Initiative''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef| &quot;Nile Basin National Water Quality&quot;, ''Nile Basin Initiative'' }}
|title=Nile Basin National Water Quality Monitoring Baseline Study Report for Egypt
|year= 2005
|publisher= [[Nile Basin Initiative]]
|url= https://nilebasin.org/node/12482
|access-date=31 December 2025
}}

&lt;!--  {{snf|&quot;Personification of the River Nile&quot;, ''Yale Peabody Museum''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef|&quot;Personification of the River Nile&quot;, ''Yale Peabody Museum''}}
|title=Personification of the River Nile
|publisher=   [[Yale Peabody Museum]]
|url= https://echoesofegypt.peabody.yale.edu/overview/personification-river-nile
|access-date= 14 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|&quot;Roseires Dam&quot;, ''IHA''}}   --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef| &quot;Roseires Dam&quot;, ''IHA''}}
|title=Sudan - Roseires 
|year= 2022
|publisher= [[International Hydropower Association]]
|url= https://www.hydropower.org/sediment-management-case-studies/sudan-roseires
|access-date=9 February 2026
}}
 
&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Source Du Nil&quot;, ''Google Maps''}} --&gt;
* {{cite web
| ref= {{sfnRef|&quot;Source Du Nil&quot;, ''Google Maps''}} 
|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Source+Du+Nil/@-3.9151459,29.835292,750m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x19c0dc528139a7dd:0xe40198647c1df0f3!8m2!3d-3.9151459!4d29.8378669!16s%2Fg%2F11sf0fpfmf?entry=ttu&amp;g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDMxNS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D 
|title= Source Du Nil
|website=[[Google Maps]]
|date=  18 March 2026
|access-date=18 March 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;The Nile Basin Trust Fund&quot;,  ''World Bank Group''}} --&gt;
* {{cite web
| ref= {{sfnRef|&quot;The Nile Basin Trust Fund&quot;,  ''World Bank Group''}} 
|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/cooperation-in-international-waters-in-africa/brief/nile-basin-trust-fund
|title=The Nile Basin Trust Fund
|publisher=[[World Bank Group]]
|date= 14 January 2016
|access-date=20 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Upper Atbara Dam&quot;,  ''OPEC Fund for International Development''}} --&gt;
* {{cite web
| ref= {{sfnRef|&quot;Upper Atbara Dam&quot;,  ''OPEC Fund for International Development''}} 
|url=https://opecfund.org/where-we-work/list/upper-atbara-dam-complex-project
|title=Upper Atbara Dam Complex Project
|publisher=[[OPEC Fund for International Development]]
|date= 2026
|access-date=12 April 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|''Water Accounting in the Nile River Basin'', ''United Nations''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
| ref={{sfnRef| ''Water Accounting in the Nile River Basin'', ''United Nations'' }}
|title=Water Accounting in the Nile River Basin
|year= 2020
|publisher= [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] - [[United Nations]]
|url= https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/ca9895en
|access-date=11 December 2025
|doi= 10.4060/ca9895en
|isbn=9789251329825
}}

{{Nile River}}
{{Egypt topics}}
{{Ancient Egypt topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Nile| ]]
[[Category:Ancient Egyptian religion]]
[[Category:Geography of ancient Egypt]]
[[Category:Hebrew Bible rivers]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:National parks of Egypt]]
[[Category:Nile basin|*]]
[[Category:Rivers in art]]
[[Category:Rivers of Burundi]]
[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Rivers of Egypt]]
[[Category:Rivers of Eritrea]]
[[Category:Rivers of Ethiopia]]
[[Category:Rivers of Kenya]]
[[Category:Rivers of Rwanda]]
[[Category:Rivers of South Sudan]]
[[Category:Rivers of Sudan]]
[[Category:Rivers of Tanzania]]
[[Category:Rivers of Uganda]]
[[Category:Water transport in Egypt]]</text>
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      <text bytes="73414" sha1="1hdk2tvbbyzeo1u59i51of1wqhcu7c0" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
{{Short description|Major river in northeast Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

'''Nile''' nyɛla mɔɣili din zɔri gindi [[Africa]] wulinpuhili ka nyɛ din zɔri chani nti luri Mediterranean teeku ni. Di waɣilim nyɛla kilomitanima 7,088, di ni nyɛ mɔɣ'shɛli din waɣa gari dunia zaa mɔɣa,{{efn|name=longest}} amaa ti yi kana ko'shɛli din be mɔɣili maa puuni di nyɛla din pɔra ni Amazon mini [[Congo River|Congo]]. Nile nyɛla din mali taarihi zaŋ jandi gbaŋsabila biɛhisi shee, daabilim  n-ti pahi kaya ni taada taarihi

Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi ayi: dinima nyɛ White Nile mini Blue Nile. White Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din waɣa ka nyɛ so'kam ni saɣi n-ti shɛli ni di ni nyɛ din tiri Nile kom amaa  Blue Nile nyɛla din mali kom viɛnyɛla kamani buyi zuɣu gari White Nile. White Nile nyɛla din piligi miri [[Lake Victoria]] ka nyɛ din zɔri gindi Uganda mini South Sudan ka   Blue Nile mi nyɛ din piligi miri Lake Tana din be Ethiopia ka zɔri kpari wulinluhili polo chaŋ hali ni Sudan. Lala mɔɣa ayi ŋɔ nyɛla din chirigi taba Sudannima tiŋ zuɣu Khartoum. Bin din gbaai ni Nile ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo n chaŋ nti gari Nubian Desert n saa gari chaŋ Egypt tiŋ zuɣu [[Cairo]] ka di yi zo n lu Mediterranean teeku din miri [[Alexandria]].

Nile mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din paai yuma kamani 15,000. Di nyɛla din zɔri gindi kamani tiŋgbana pin'yini. Nile kom nyɛla din yirina saa mibu ni, sa'kom din yirina [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]]. Tiŋgbana kamani {{snd}}[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]] n-ti pahi South Sudan nyɛla tiŋgbani shɛŋa din bi tooi nyari saa ka dizuɣu chɛ ka bɛ tooi mali mɔɣa niŋdi pukparilim. tiŋgbani shɛŋa din gba lahi be bee yaɣ'shɛŋa din lahi be Nile Basin nyɛ [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Eritrea]] nti pahi [[Rwanda]].

== Yuya mini gbunni ==

Silimiinsili bachi &quot;Nile&quot; nyɛla din yina [[Latin]] {{lang|la|Nilus}} mini  [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|Νεῖλος}} (Neilos) ka di nyɛ din yina Semitic bachi ''naḥal'', ka di gbunni nyɛ mɔɣili.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}
{{Quote box|align=right|width=30|[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] for {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}},&lt;br&gt;the word for 'river' or 'Nile':{{sfn|Gardiner|1964|pp=43,623}}{{efn|Other hieroglyphs for 'river' are presented in {{harvnb|Faulkner|1964|p=33}} and {{harvnb|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}}.
}}  &lt;hiero&gt;M17-X1:D21-G43-N35:N35:N35&lt;/hiero&gt;
}}
Saha shɛli maa ha Egyptnima balli ni, lala bachi Ŋɔ nyɛla yuusiri shɛli zaŋ n-ti 'Nile' mini mɔɣili': {{lang|egy-latn|jtrw}}.{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=21,101}} Egyptnima nyɛla ban booni bɛ tiŋgbani {{lang|egy-latn|kmt}} ka di gbunni nyɛ  'sabinli',  di nyɛla din jandi sabinli zaŋ n-ti i Nile kom nahingbaŋ.{{sfn|Allen|2000|p=339, 470}} Silimiinsili yuli  &quot;Blue Nile&quot; nyɛla lɛbiginsim din yina Larigu yuli ''Al-Baḥr Al-Azraq''.{{sfn|Hurst|2025}}&lt;!--
{{efn|The waters of the Blue Nile are very dark during the winter flood season, as they carry vast amounts of sediment downstream.{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|pp=503-504}} 
}} --&gt;

Saha ŋɔ mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali bɔbugu Nile Basin. Egypt tiŋgbani puuni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli ''Al-Nīl'', ''Baḥr Al-Nīl'' bee ''Nahr Al-Nīl''.&lt;ref name=Barh&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Badawi|2003 |p=717}}.
|{{harvnb|Hurst|2025}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--
{{efn|''Bahr'' is 'sea'; ''Nahr'' is 'river'.&lt;ref name=Barh/&gt;
}} --&gt; South Sudan tiŋgbani ni, di nyɛla bɛ ni booni shɛli Arabic ''Baḥr el-Jebel'', {{lang|ar|بحر الجبل}} ka di gbunni nyɛ 'Mountain River'.{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=6}}  Uganda tiŋgbani, ninvuɣ shɛba ban yɛri Luganda nyɛla ban booni li ''Kiyira''.{{sfn|Hamilton |2016|p=66}} Nubian niriba zaŋ n-ti Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yuusiri [[Nobiin language|Nobiin]] yuli ''Áman Dawū'' ('Great Water').{{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=8}}

Di nyɛla din mali mɔɣ'bihi (mɔɣ'bihi shɛŋa dabam gba nyɛla din chaŋ na nti chirigi Nile) di shɛŋa nyɛ din doli na ŋɔ: 
* Albert Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Lake Albert chani Nimule&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Dumont|2009|pp=5,6,40}}.
|{{harvnb| Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Black Nile{{snd}}Yuli shɛli dabam zaŋ n-ti Atbarah mɔɣili &lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Haupt|1926|p=305}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Blue Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Kyoga Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka din zɔri yiri [[Lake Kyoga]] chani Lake Albert{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|pp=338,345}}
* Main Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Blue Nile mini White Nile{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=4}} 
* [[Mountain Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri Uganda chani South Sudan{{sfn|Talling|2009|p=390}}&lt;!-- 
{{efn|The Mountain Nile is also called ''Baḥr al-Jabal'' or ''Baḥr el-Jebel'' in Arabic.
}} --&gt;
* Victoria Nile{{snd}}Mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti White Nile ka nyɛ din zɔri yiri  [[Lake Victoria]] chani Lake Kyoga{{sfn|Dumont|2009|p=5}}
* [[White Nile]]{{snd}}Mɔɣ'kara ayi zaŋ n-ti Nile puuni zaɣ'yini 
* Yellow Nile{{snd}} [[Wadi Howar]], mɔɣ'bila zaŋ n-ti Nile saha shɛli ha amaa ka nyɛ din daa kuui yuma din gari maa{{sfn| Dumont|2009|p=4}}
[[File:Nile River Sources.svg|thumb|alt= A map of northeast Africa. The Nile is visible as a meandering blue line, running vertically. The river starts at the bottom in green forested area, and goes upward then ends in a blue sea at the top.| The Nile has six [[Nile cataracts|cataracts]]{{efn| Some of the cataracts have been submerged by human-made reservoirs.}} and several sources.  ]]

{{clear}}[[File:Nile River Landmarks.svg|thumb|The waters of the Nile originate as rainfall in the mountains in the south and east regions of the Nile Basin.|alt=A map of northeast Africa, showing the location of several cities and tourist sights on the river]]

&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

====Sources and sinks: geographic basins====
[[Fil&lt;!-- 
{{efn|There are other ways to divide the Nile Basin into regions; a  division based on geological principles is found in {{harvnb|Abdelsalam|2018|page= 761|loc=Section 5 &quot;Segments of the Nile System&quot;}}.
}} --&gt;


{| class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible nowrap  defaultright col1left sortable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Country water balance (annual){{sfn|Senay|2014|p=8640|loc=Table 5}}{{efn|name=exclGERD|Data does not include impacts of the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025}}{{efn|name=TableLegend}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Country
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |   Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}{{efn|Basin area is the Nile Basin within the country.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |  Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Burundi]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2)  ||  13,240|| 14  || 13    || 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[DR Congo]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}}  (0) ||  19,919|| 23 || 23     || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Egypt]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−39)  || 235,108 || 4   || 44    || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Eritrea]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (2) ||  24,427 || 14   || 12  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|  {{D-P|Source}}  (164) ||  363,775 || 459   || 295 || 138
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Kenya]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (27) ||    49,513 || 76  || 49   || 23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rwanda]]
|  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) ||   20,676 || 21 || 20   || 4
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[South Sudan]]
| {{D-N|Sink}} (−146)  ||  617,256 ||  612   || 757  ||92
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Sudan]]
|  {{D-N|Sink}} (−81)  ||   1,226,660 || 364   || 445    ||23
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (38) ||    120,506 || 160   || 122   || 18
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Uganda]]
| {{D-P|Source}} (25) ||  236,763 || 301  || 276   ||22
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Total
| || 2,927,843 ||    2,048   || 2,056   || 324

|}

e:Nile River discharge flow gauge locations.svg|thumb|The water balance tables of this article contain water flow information measured at the twelve stations shown in this map.&lt;ref name=HydroData/&gt;{{efn|name=StnNames}}|alt=A map of northeast Africa. The Nile River is drawn, and there are a dozen landmarks shown on the map, at various points of the river]]

{|   class= &quot;wikitable  mw-collapsible  mw-uncollapsed nowrap defaultright col1left sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+ Geographic basin water balance (annual)&lt;ref name=HydroData&gt;{{harvnb|Senay|2014|loc=Tables 3,4,5 and 6;  Sec 3.5.5 (Source/Sink)}}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|name=exclGERD}}{{efn|name=TableLegend|Hydrology Table Legend:{{sfn|Senay|2014}}
* ''Precip'' - Precipitation (P)
* ''Evap''- Evapotranspiration (ET)
* ''Water Bal'' - Precip-ET
* ''Discharge'' - River flow at measuring station (average of the entire year)
* ''Source or Sink '' - Is basin a significant source or sink of water?
}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin's&lt;br /&gt;downstream&lt;br /&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Source/Sink&lt;br /&gt;(water bal km{{sup|3}})
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Basin&lt;br /&gt;Area km{{sup|2}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Precip km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Evap km{{sup|3}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Runoff km{{sup|3}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 1 [[Lake Victoria]] outlet{{efn|Measured at [[Nalubaale dam]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (74) || 264,259 || 353   || 279   || 57
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2 [[Murchison Falls]]{{efn|Measured at [[Paara (Uganda)]], slightly downstream from Murchison Falls.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-P|Source}} (15) || 85,513 || 109   || 94     || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |3 [[Mongalla, South Sudan|Mongalla]]{{efn|Measured at [[Mongalla, South Sudan]], about 40 km downstream (north) of [[Juba]].{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (1) || 131,691 || 159 || 158    || 5
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 4 [[Malakal]]{{efn|Malakal is after the confluence of the White Nile and Sobat. It includes both [[Bahr el Ghazal River|Bahr el Ghazal]] and [[Sobat River]] tributaries.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−159)  || 925,160|| 798   || 957   || 150
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |5 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Measured at [[Al Mogran]] before the Blue Nile confluence (includes only the White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
  |{{D-N|Sink}} (−40) || 257,130 || 134   || 174   || 14
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 6 [[Roseires Dam|Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
| {{D-P|Source}} (105) ||  188,296|| 246  || 142 || 70
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |7 [[Khartoum]]{{efn|Includes only Blue Nile (excludes White Nile).{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
| {{D-W|Neutral}} (10) || 118,651|| 96  || 72   || 9
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; |8 [[Khashm el Girba]]{{efn|Roughly at the midpoint of the Atbarah river.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 | {{D-P|Source}} (30) ||  100,318|| 95   || 66  || 10
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 9 Mouth of [[Atbarah River]]{{efn |Measured at the Kilo3 station, where the Atbarah joins the Nile.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}}}
 |  {{D-W|Neutral}} (−3) || 104,051 || 22  || 25 || 1
|-

! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 11 [[Aswan Dam]]{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  188,011||2 || 13  || 0
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |12 [[Cairo]]/[[Nile Delta|Delta]]{{efn|Station is El Ekhsase, near Cairo. Basin data includes the Nile Delta, even though the delta is downstream of the station.{{sfn|Senay|2014|loc=Figure 1, Table 2, Sec 2.2.5}}}}
  | {{D-N|Sink}} (−10) ||  145,293||3  || 12  || 0
|}

[[File:The Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea (iss071e405499).jpg | thumb | The Nile (bottom) flows through Egypt's desert, which was much wetter during the [[African humid period]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Humid&quot;&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Kuper |Kröpelin|2006 |pp=803–807}}.  Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Bunbury|2023 |pp=47,57}}. Egyptian culture.
|{{harvnb|Shoup|2017|loc=Articles: &quot;Culture of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of the Nile&quot;, &quot;History of Egypt: Ancient&quot;, &quot;History of Sudan: Ancient Kush and Nubia&quot;, &quot;Atbara River&quot;}}. Nubian (Sudanese) culture in Sudan.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; |alt=A satellite photo of Egypt, showing mostly sandy ground, with a dark, meandering river flowing through the sand, emptying into a sea. ]]

[[File:Journey to Abydos, Tomb of Pairy MET DT10886.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|alt=A painting on a wall of a boat on a river, with Ancient Egyptians rowing it|Ancient Egyptians used boats extensively for transport. This image is from the [[TT139|Tomb of Pairy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ancientTransport&quot;&gt;
{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Van de Moortel|2007}}.
|{{harvnb|Creasman|2010}}. 
}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

===Post-colonial era===
[[File:Großer Tempel (Abu Simbel) 31.jpg|thumb|The [[Abu Simbel|Abu Simbel temples]] were relocated to higher ground when the [[Aswan High Dam]] was built and submerged their original location.{{sfn|Fleming  |Lothian |1997 |pp=135-136}} 
|alt=A huge rock sculpture of four kings sitting on thrones.]]
Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa deegi bɛ maŋsulinsi Britain yuuni 1950s sunsuuni.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|pp=22-23}} Yuuni 1959 Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban daa labi lihi bɛ yuuni 1929 kom laɣim yuusi saawara. Bɛ ni daa labi gbaai saawara shɛli maa nyɛla din daa wuhi ni bɛ yɛn laɣimi yuusiri kom ŋɔ, ka daa yɛlli ni Egypt mini Sudan nyɛla ban yɛn yuusiri kom maa kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu 55.5 mini 18.5 billion cubic meters gabaadaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=122–123}}.
|{{harvnb|Ranjan|2024|pp=22–24}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiŋgbani shɛŋa din be mɔɣili maa zuɣusaa nyɛla bɛ ni daa yihi shɛba lala saawara maa gbaabu ni, di shɛli nyɛ Ethiopia ka di gba nyɛ din tiri mɔɣili maa kom.{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}

Yuuni 1959 saawara ŋɔ gbaabu maa nyɛla din daa ti Egypt mini Sudan soli ni bɛ gbi kulibɔna ka di nyɛ binshɛli bɛ ni daa niŋ: Egypt nyɛla ban daa gbi Aswan High Dam (di nyɛla din daa naai yuuni 1970); Sudan nyɛla ban daa gbi  [[Khashm el-Girba Dam]] (1964), [[Roseires Dam]] (1966), [[Merowe Dam]] (2009), n ti pahi [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex]] (2017).{{sfn|Ranjan|2024|p=24}}

[[File:GERD 3.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]], completed in 2025, generates over 5 gigawatts.{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}}|alt=A photograph of large concrete dam and the reservoir it creates.  The photo is taken from an aerial viewpoint, looking down from above.  Large plumes of white water spray over a spillway.]]
[[File:Desert agriculture in Egypt (Copernicus 2024-02-03).jpg|thumb|alt=An aerial photograph of a yellow sandy desert to the west of the Nile. Over forty green circles are visible, where irrigation water has been used to grow crops.|These crops in Egypt (near the [[Toshka Lakes]]) are the result of [[New Valley Project|an irrigation system]] that pumps Nile water out of [[Lake Nasser]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Multiref
|{{harvnb|&quot;Desert Agriculture&quot;, ''Copernicus Programme''}}.
|{{harvnb|Tvedt|2021|pp=84–85}}.
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
]]

{| class= &quot;wikitable defaultright col2center col5center sortable&quot;
|+ Major hydropower stations in the Nile Basin
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Hydropower&lt;br&gt;station
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nearby&lt;br&gt;landmark
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year&lt;br&gt;completed
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[Nameplate capacity|Power]]&lt;br&gt;(MW, in 2025)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Tributary
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Aswan Low Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan, Egypt]]}} ||1902, 1912, 1933, 1985||  550{{sfn|&quot;Aswan Low Dam&quot;, ''Egypt MOEE'' }} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Aswan High Dam]]
| {{operational|[[Aswan]] Egypt}} || 1970 || 2,100{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=149}} || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Merowe Dam]]
| {{WinDL|[[Merowe, Sudan]]  }}|| 2009 || 1,250{{sfn|&quot;Merowe Dam - Sudan&quot;, '' Abu Dhabi Fund for Development''}}  || Main Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Upper Atbara and Setit Dam Complex|Upper Atbara and Setit]]
| {{WinDL| [[Showak|Showak, Sudan]] }}||  2017  || 320{{sfn|&quot;Upper Atbara Dam&quot;,  ''OPEC Fund for International Development''}}  || [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]] and [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Roseires Dam]]
| {{WinDL| [[Er Roseires|Er Roseires, Sudan]]}} || 1966, 2013  || 280{{sfn|&quot;Roseires Dam&quot;, ''IHA''}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Beles Hydroelectric Power Plant|Tana Beles]]
| {{partial|[[Lake Tana|Lake Tana, Ethiopia]]}} || 2010 || 460{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || [[Beles River]], Blue Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Tekezé Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Tekezé River|Tekezé River, Ethiopia]]}} || 2009 || 300{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}}    || [[Tekezé River|Tekezé]], [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]]
| {{partial|[[Bameza|Bameza, Ethiopia]] }}|| 2020 || 5,150{{sfn|Endeshaw|2025}} || Blue Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Fincha Hydroelectric Power Station|Fincha]]
| {{partial| [[Fincha'a|Fincha'a, Ethiopia]]}} || 1973|| 134{{sfn|Hailu|2022 |loc=Table 4}} || Blue Nile (Chomen Lake) 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station|Karuma]]
| {{nom|  [[Karuma Falls|Karuma Falls, Uganda ]]}} || 2024 || 600{{sfn|&quot;Karuma&quot;, ''Uganda Radio Network''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Isimba Hydroelectric Power Station|Isimba]]
| {{nom| [[Kamuli District|Kamuli District, Uganda]]}}|| 2019 || 183{{sfn|&quot;Isimba Power Station&quot;, ''UEGCL''}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Bujagali Hydroelectric Power Station|Bujagali]]
| {{nom| [[Bujagali Falls|Bujagali Falls, Uganda]]}}|| 2012|| 250{{sfn|Griffin|2018}} || Victoria Nile
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Kiira Hydroelectric Power Station|Kiira]]
| {{nom| [[Kimaka|Kimaka, Uganda]]}}|| 2003 || 200{{sfn|Angurini|2021}} || Victoria Nile 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |  [[Nalubaale Hydroelectric Power Station|Nalubaale]]
| {{nom| [[Jinja, Uganda]]}} || 1954|| 180{{Sfn|Tumwesigye|2011|p=10}}  ||   Victoria Nile
|}
 &lt;!-- 
{{
efn|
The river has several major cities on or near its banks including Cairo, [[Khartoum]], [[Juba]], and [[Kampala]]. These cities have hotels and facilities for tourists, such as the [[Speke Resort and Conference Center]], opened in Kampala in 2007.{{sfn|Tvedt|2021|p=217}} 
}} --&gt;

== In culture==

===Art and literature===
{{Multiple image
| width             = 
| total_width       = 425
| perrow            = 2

| image1            = Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes, Tomb of Menna MET DT10878.jpg
| alt1              = A painting of two boats on a river, with ancient Egyptian men and women standing on the boats, catching fish from the river.  
| caption1          = This ancient Egyptian artwork, &quot;Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes&quot;, is within the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]].{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}

| image2            =Maler der Grabkammer des Menna 003.jpg
| alt2            = A painting of some dead fish, from the Tomb of Menna
| caption2          = A [[Nile crocodile]] eating fish.{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}}{{efn|Detail of larger artwork in the [[Tomb of Menna]] in the [[Theban Necropolis]]{{sfn| Siliotti|1997|pp=154-155}} }}
 
| image3            = 0 Mosaïque à scène mytholgique - villa Severi - Pal. Massimo 3.JPG
| alt3              = A large mosaic artwork.  It is a landscape of a river, with animals and people in the river, including crocodiles and hippos.
| caption3          = [[Nilotic landscape]]s, such as this 2nd century Roman  mosaic, often displayed crocodiles and hippos.&lt;ref name=Nilotic_Egyptian/&gt;

| image4            = New Wing, Vatican Museums (25497052238) (cropped).jpg
| alt4              = A large marble sculpture, inside a formal room. The main object is a reclining nude man, surrounded by many children, as well as some animals.
| caption4          = ''[[Personification of the River Nile]]'' is a colossal marble sculpture from {{circa}} 2nd century CE Rome{{snd}}now in the [[Vatican Museum]].&lt;ref name=colossal/&gt;

}}
T{{clear }}

==Kundivihira ==
===Footnotes===
{{notelist}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Betancourt|2007|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=Introduction to Aegean Art
 |first1= P.P
 |last1=Betancourt
| author-link=Philip Betancourt
| isbn= 9781623030841
| year= 2007
 | url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoae0000beta
| publisher= [[Institute for Aegean Prehistory]]
| access-date= 1 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Bunbury  |2023|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=River Culture 
 |chapter = The Egyptian Nile
 | editor-last=Wantzen 
 |editor-first= Karl M.
 |first1= Judith 
 |last1= Bunbury 
 |display-authors=etal
 |pages = 43–78 
| author-link= Judith Bunbury
| isbn=  9789231005404
|doi=10.54677/HHMI3947
| year= 2023
 | url= https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382775 
| publisher= [[UNESCO]]
| access-date= 10 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Camberlin|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =307–333
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/307
| chapter = Nile Basin Climates
| first= Pierre
| last = Camberlin
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Collins|2002|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title= The Nile
 |first1= Robert 
 |last1= Collins
| author-link= Robert O. Collins
| isbn=  9780300097641
| year= 2002
 | url= https://archive.org/details/nile00robe
| publisher=  [[Yale University Press]]
| access-date= 16 March 2026
}}  The &quot;Bibliographical Essay&quot; (pp. 245{{ndash}}248) lists books about the Nile River.

&lt;!--{{sfn|Dumont |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 1–22
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/1
| chapter = A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources
| first= Henri
| last = Dumont
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Eggermont |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 243–262
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/883
| chapter = Rwenzori Mountains (Mountains of the Moon): Headwaters of the Nile
| first= Hilde
| last = Eggermont
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|Dumont|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 95–124
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/95
| chapter =  The Fayum Depression
| first1= Gamal
| last1 = El-Shabrawy
| first2= Henri
| last2 = Dumont
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Shabrawy|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 125–156
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/125
| chapter =  Lake Nasser-Nubia
| first1= Gamal
| last1 = El-Shabrawy
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|El-Sheekh |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 395–406
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/395
| chapter =   River Nile Pollutants and Their Effect on Life Forms and Water Quality
| first1=  Mostafa 
| last1 = El-Sheekh
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Embabi   |2018  | pp=&gt;? }} --&gt; 
* {{Cite book 
|last=Embabi 
|first=N.S.
 |title=Landscapes and Landforms of Egypt
 |year=2018
 |isbn=9783319656595
|publisher=[[Springer Nature]]
 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8_4
|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8
 |access-date=4 February 2020 
|archive-date=4 February 2020 
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204215026/https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8
 |url-status=live
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Faulkner|1964 |p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |first= Raymond
 |last = Faulkner
 |author-link =  Raymond O. Faulkner
 |title= A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian
 |year=  1964 
 |orig-year=  1962  
 |publisher = [[Griffith Institute]]
 |url=  https://archive.org/details/concisedictionar0000faul/
 |access-date = 26 March 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Fierro|Nyer|2007|p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | last1 =  Fierro
| first1 =  Pedro
| first2 =  Evan K.
| last2 =  Nyer
 | title = The Water Encyclopedia: Hydrologic Data and Internet Resources
 | publisher = [[CRC Press]]
| year =  2007
 | isbn = 9781420012583 
 | url  = https://archive.org/details/waterencyclopedi0000unse_j5x4
 | access-date = 24 March 2026
 }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Fleming |Lothian  |1997 |p = ?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | last1 = Fleming
| first1 = Fergus 
| first2 = Alan
| last2 = Lothian
 | title = The Way to Eternity: Egyptian Myth
 | publisher = Duncan Baird 
| year = 1997
 | isbn = 0705435032
 | url =https://archive.org/details/waytoeternityegy00flem
 }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Gardiner|1964|p =?? }}   --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |first= Alan
 |last = Gardiner
 |author-link = Alan Gardiner
 |title=Egyptian Grammar  
 |year= 1964 
 |edition =3rd
 |orig-year= 1927
 |publisher = [[Oxford University Press ]]
 |url=https://archive.org/details/egyptiangrammar0000alan 
 |access-date = 26 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Ghabbour|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 499–520
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/499
| chapter = The Oligochaeta of the Nile Basin Revisited 
| first= Samir
| last = Ghabbour
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =205–214
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/205
| chapter =  The Kyoga Catchment
| first= Jim
| last = Green
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 705–720
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/705
| chapter =   Birds of the Nile
| first= Jim
| last = Green
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Green|El-Moghraby|2009|pp=???}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 193–204
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/193
| chapter = Swamps of the Upper White Nile
| first1= Jim
| last1 = Green
| first2= Asim
| last2 = El-Moghraby
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hamilton |2016|pp=??}}  --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |title=Luganda Dictionary and Grammar 
 |first1=  Alan
 |last1= Hamilton
| isbn=  9780954149611
| year=    2016 
 | url= https://archive.org/details/lugandadictionar0000hami
| publisher=  Alan Hamilton
| access-date= 31 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Hamza|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 75–94
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/75
| chapter = The Nile Delta
| first= Waleed
| last = Hamza
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hart|2005|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last=Hart
|first=George
|author-link=George Hart (Egyptologist)
|title=The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
|edition=Second
|year=2005
|publisher=[[Routledge]]
|isbn=  0415344956
|url=https://archive.org/details/edg-the-routledge-dictionary-of-egyptian-gods
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|Holl|2025|pp=355–375}} 
* {{cite book
|last1=Holl
 |first1=Augustin
 |title=General History of Africa
 |volume=IX: General history of Africa Revisited 
 |chapter =Ancient Civilizations of Africa
|publisher=[[UNESCO]]
|pages=355–375
|year=2025
|isbn=9789231008092
|chapter-url = https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000396045?posInSet=1&amp;queryId=N-EXPLORE-612fe50c-9ec6-4256-8bd3-7b7ec50033a7
|access-date=2 February 2026
}}--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hornung|1982|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last=Hornung
|first=Erik
|author-link=Erik Hornung
|translator-first=John
|translator-last=Baines
|translator-link= John Baines (Egyptologist)
|others=Original in German.
|title=Conceptions of God in Egypt: The One and the Many
|publisher=[[Cornell University Press]]
|year=1982
|orig-year= 1971
| isbn=9780801412233
| url= https://archive.org/details/conceptionsofgod0000horn_q6b3
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hughes|1992|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last1=Hughes
|first1=Ralph H.
|display-authors=etal
|title=IUCN Directory of African Wetlands
 |url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1992-007.pdf
|access-date=2013-03-25
 |year=1992
|publisher= [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]]
|isbn=9782880329495
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Lehman|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages =215–242
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/215
| chapter =   Lake Victoria
| first=  John
| last = Lehman
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Murray| 1923|p=??}} --&gt;
*{{cite book
|last= Murray
|first= G. W.
|title=An English-Nubian Comparative Dictionary
|year= 1923
|publisher= [[Humphrey Milford]], [[Oxford University Press]]
|url=https://archive.org/details/englishnubiancom0004gwmu_4
| access-date= 15 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Okidi|1994|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Okidi
 |first=C. O.
 |editor-first1=P.P.
 |editor-last1=Howell
 |editor-first2=J. J.
 |editor-last2=Alan
 |isbn=9780521450409
 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521450409/page/321
 |access-date=12 January 2026
 |title=The Nile: Sharing a Scarce Resource
 |chapter=History of the Nile and Lake Victoria Basins through Treaties
 |pages=321–350
 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
 |year=1994
}}

 &lt;!-- {{sfn|Redford  |2001|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |year=   2001
 |title=   Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
 | volume = 2
 |editor-last1= Redford  
 |editor-first1=   Donald B.
|editor-link1=  Donald B. Redford
 |publisher= Oxford University Press
 |url=   https://archive.org/details/oxfordencyclopediaofancientegyptvolume2
 |access-date=26 March 2026
 |isbn=  0195138228 
}}

 &lt;!-- {{sfn|Redford  |2001a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |year=   2001a
 |title=   Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
 | volume =3
 |editor-last1= Redford  
 |editor-first1=   Donald B.
|editor-link1=  Donald B. Redford
 |publisher= Oxford University Press
 |url=  https://archive.org/details/oxfordencyclopediaofancientegyptvolume3
 |access-date=26 March 2026
 |isbn=  0195138236
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Roach|2025|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=  Roach
 |first= Steven
 |year=  2025
 |chapter=Introduction: Nile Basin Politics and its Challenges
 |pages=1–16
 |title=Nile Basin Politics: From Coordinated to Cooperative Peace 
 |editor-last1=  Roach
 |editor-first1= Steven
 |editor-last2=  Hudson
 |editor-first2= Derrick
 |publisher= [[Edward Elgar Publishing]]
 |url=  https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollbook/book/9781803927176/9781803927176.xml
 | doi=10.4337/9781803927176
 |access-date=15 January 2026
 |isbn=  9781803927176 
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Robins|2008|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title= The Art of Ancient Egypt
  | last =Robins
  | first= Gay
 | author-link= Gay Robins
  |  isbn=9780674030657
  |  url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YD-z8hmdUMIC
  |access-date= 24 February 2026
 |   year=2008
 | orig-year=1997
  |  publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]
}}
 
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Rosenthal|2005}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=  Rosenthal
 |first= Lisa
 |year=  2005
 |title=Gender, Politics, and Allegory in the Art of Rubens
 |publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/genderpoliticsal0000rose
 |access-date=15 December 2025
 |isbn= 9780521842440
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Said|1993}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Said
 |first=Rushdi
 |author-link=Rushdi Said
 |year=1993
 |title=The River Nile: Geology, Hydrology, and Utilization
 |publisher=[[Pergamon Press]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/rivernilegeology0000said 
 |access-date=11 February 2026
 |isbn= 0080418864
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Schama|1995|pp=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 |last=Schama
 |first=Simon
|author-link=Simon Schama
 |year=1995
 |isbn=9780679402558
 |title=Landscape and Memory
 |publisher=[[A.A. Knopf]]
 |url= https://archive.org/details/landscapememory0000scha_k7e4
 |access-date=15 December 2025
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Shahin|2002}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last=Shahin
 |first=Mamdouh
 |url=https://archive.org/details/hydrologywaterre0000shah
 |title=Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa
 |date=2002
 |publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
 |isbn=9781402008665
 | access-date=7 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Shoup|2017|loc= articleName }} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |  title=The Nile: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture
  |  last=Shoup
 |first= John A.
  | display-authors=etal
  |  isbn=9798216123323 
  |  url=https://archive.org/details/the-nile-an-encyclopedia-of-geography-history-and-culture
  | access-date= 14 February 2026
  |  year=2017
  |  publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] / [[ABC-CLIO]]
}} EBook.  The hardcover is {{isbn|9781440840401}}.

 &lt;!-- {{sfn| Siliotti|1997|p=?}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |  title=Guide to the Valley of the Kings
 |   last =Siliotti
 | first= Alberto
 | author-link = Alberto Siliotti
 |   isbn=9780760733257
  |  url=https://books.google.com/books?id=owicnQAACAAJ
 | access-date= 24 February 2026
  |  year=1997
  |  publisher=[[Barnes &amp; Noble ]]
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn| Smith|1878}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last= Smith
 |first= William
|author-link = William Smith (lexicographer)
 |url= https://archive.org/details/anewclassicaldi00unkngoog
 |title=A New Classical Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography, Mythology And Geography
 |date= 1878
 |publisher= [[Harper &amp; Brothers]]
 |lccn=04035163
 |access-date=7 January 2026
}}
 
&lt;!-- {{sfn| Stokes|2009 |p=??}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |last=  Stokes
 |first=  Jamie
 |url= https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpe0000unse_h6k0 
 |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East
 |volume=2
 |date= 2009 
  |isbn=9781438126760
 |publisher=  [[Facts On File]]
 |access-date=13 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 334–364
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/334
| chapter = The Hydrology of the Nile Basin
| first= John
| last = Sutcliffe
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talbot|Williams|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 37–60
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/37
| chapter =   Cenozoic Evolution of the Nile Basin  
| first1=     Michael 
| last1 =  Talbot
| first2=     Martin
| last2 =  Williams
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talling|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 23–34
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/23
| chapter =     History of Scientific Research
| first=    Jack 
| last = Talling
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Talling|2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 367–394
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/367
| chapter =  Physical and Chemical Water Characteristics
| first=    Jack 
| last = Talling
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Tian|2025|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
| title =Ancient Egypt in Video Games
|editor-first=Jennifer 
|editor-last=  Cromwell
| isbn = 9783111534022
|year=2025
|  publisher = [[de Gruyter Oldenbourg]]
| chapter = Pharaohs, Labourers and Wonder Builders: Illustrating Ancient Egypt with Game Mechanics in Strategy Games 
| pages = 87–110
| last= Tian 
|first=Tian
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Tvedt|2021}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
 | title= The Nile: History's Greatest River
 | last=Tvedt
 | first= Terje
 | author-link = Terje Tvedt
 | isbn= 9780755616800
 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=brYsEAAAQBAJ
 | access-date= 10 December 2025
 | year= 2021
 | publisher= [[Bloomsbury Publishing]]
 }}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Van Damme| Bocxlaer|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| series=Monographiae Biologicae
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 585–630
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/585
| chapter = Freshwater Molluscs of the Nile Basin, Past and Present
| first1= Dirk
| last1 = Van Damme
| first2= Bert
| last2 = Bocxlaer
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|Versluys|2002 |pp=??}} --&gt;
* {{cite book
|last1= Versluys
|first1=  M. J.
|year= 2002
|title=Aegyptiaca Romana : Nilotic Scenes and the Roman Views of Egypt
|publisher=  [[Brill Publishers]]
|url= https://archive.org/details/aegyptiacaromana0000vers
|access-date=15 January 2026
| isbn = 9004124403
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Vijverberg|2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 163–192
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/163
| chapter =   Lake Tana: Source of the Blue Nile
| first=    Jacobus
| last = Vijverberg
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Warren| 2006 | p =352  }}. --&gt; 
* {{Cite book
 |last=Warren
 |first=John 
 |url=https://archive.org/details/evaporitessedime0000warr
 |title=Evaporites: Sediments, Resources and Hydrocarbons
 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]
 |year=2006 
|isbn=3540260110   
 |url-access=registration
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Williams |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 61–72
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/61
| chapter = Late Quaternary Environments in Nile Basin
| first= Martin
| last = Williams
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!--{{sfn|Williams |2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 771–780
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/771
| chapter = Human Impact on Nile Basin
| first= Martin
| last = Williams
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Witte |2009|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 647–676
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/647
| chapter =   Fish Fauna of the Nile 
| first=     Frans  
| last =  Witte 
| display-authors=etal
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Witte |2009a|p=??}} --&gt;
* {{ cite book
| title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use
| editor-first=Henri
| editor-last=Dumont
| isbn=9781402097263
| year=2009a
| publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]
| access-date= 1 December 2025
| pages = 723–748
| chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/nileoriginenviro0000unse/page/723
| chapter =  Fisheries of the Nile System 
| first=     Frans  
| last =  Witte 
| display-authors=etal
}}

====Journals and websites====

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abdelsalam|2018}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|last1=Abdelsalam |first1=Mohamed G.
|title=The Nile's journey through space and time: A geological perspective
|journal=Earth-Science Reviews
|date=February 2018
|volume=177
|pages=742–773
|doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.01.010
|doi-access=free |bibcode=2018ESRv..177..742A
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abdullah|2020}} 
* {{cite journal
|display-author1=1 |ref={{sfnref|Abdullah|2020}}
|last1=Abdullah |first1=Al-Noor |last2=Rahman |first2=Sanzidur |last3=Essex |first3=Stephen |last4=Benhin |first4=James
|title=Economic Contributions of Mega-Dam Infrastructure as Perceived by Local and Displaced Communities: A Case Study of Merowe Dam, Sudan
|journal=Agriculture |date=12 June 2020 |volume=10 |issue=6
|article-number=227
|doi=10.3390/agriculture10060227 |doi-access=free
}}
--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Abotalib|2023}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Abotalib|2023}}
|last1=Abotalib |first1=Abotalib Z. |last2=Abdelhady |first2=Ahmed A. |last3=Heggy |first3=Essam |last4=Salem |first4=Salem G. |last5=Ismail |first5=Esam |last6=Ali |first6=Ahmed |last7=Khalil |first7=Mahmoud M. |title=Irreversible and Large-Scale Heavy Metal Pollution Arising From Increased Damming and Untreated Water Reuse in the Nile Delta
|journal=Earth's Future |date=March 2023 |volume=11 |issue=3
|article-number=e2022EF002987
|doi=10.1029/2022EF002987 |doi-access= free
|bibcode=2023EaFut..1102987A
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn| Alnaqbi|2022}} 
* {{cite journal
|display-authors=1 |ref={{sfnref|Alnaqbi|2022}}
|last1=Alnaqbi |first1=Shaima |last2=Alasad |first2=Shamma |last3=Aljaghoub |first3=Haya |last4=Alami |first4=Abdul |last5=Abdelkareem |first5=Mohammad |last6=Olabi |first6=Abdul |title=Applicability of Hydropower Generation and Pumped Hydro Energy Storage in the Middle East and North Africa
|journal=Energies |date=25 March 2022 |volume=15 |issue=7
|article-number=2412
|doi=10.3390/en15072412 |doi-access=free
}}
--&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|Angurini|2021}} --&gt;
* {{cite news
 |url= https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/business/finance/eskom-invests-in-kiira-dam-water-controllers-3379660
 | title= Eskom Invests in Kiira Dam Water Controllers
| newspaper= [[Daily Monitor]]
|date=   2021
 |first=  Tom
| last=   Angurini
 |access-date=8 February 2026
 |location= Uganda
|oclc=	44216472
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|Ayenalem|2023}} --&gt;
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&lt;!-- {{sfn|Beck|2018  }} --&gt;
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&lt;!-- {{sfn|Burton|1864|pp = 6–14 }}
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&lt;!-- {{sfn|Driouech |2020}} --&gt;
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&lt;!--  {{sfn|Haupt|1926}} --&gt;
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&lt;!-- {{sfn|Hegab|2025}} --&gt;
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&lt;!-- {{sfn|Kuper |Kröpelin|2006 |p=??? }} --&gt;
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&lt;!-- {{sfn|Lemma |2019 |p=??? }} --&gt;
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&lt;!-- {{sfn|Leplongeon |2017}} --&gt;
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&lt;!-- {{sfn|Liu |2009}} --&gt;
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&lt;!-- {{sfn|Marshall| |p=??? }} --&gt;
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&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Mureithi |2025}} --&gt;
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&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Ranjan |2024}} --&gt;
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&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Van de Moortel|2007 }} --&gt;
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&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Walubiri|2018}} --&gt;
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&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Warburg |2007}} --&gt;
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&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Wedajo|2024}} 
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 --&gt;
&lt;!-- {{Sfn|Younes |2024}} --&gt;
* {{cite journal
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====Unknown author====

&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Abyssinia&quot;, ''Library of Congress'' }} --&gt;
* {{cite web
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&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Current State of River Transport&quot;,  ''EnterpriseAM''}} --&gt;
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}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Aswan Low Dam&quot;, ''Egypt MOEE'' }} --&gt;
*{{cite web
|ref={{sfnref |&quot;Aswan Low Dam&quot;, ''Egypt MOEE'' }}
|title=Aswan Dam (1,2) Electric Hydro Power Plant
 |url=http://www.moee.gov.eg/english/elshabaka/Aswan%20Dam%20%281,2%29.htm |publisher=[[Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy]]
|year=2011
 |accessdate=2 January 2011 
|url-status=dead
 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720131508/http://www.moee.gov.eg/english/elshabaka/Aswan%20Dam%20%281%2C2%29.htm 
|archivedate=20 July 2011
 }}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Baḥr al-Ghazāl&quot; ''Britannica'' }} --&gt;
* {{Cite encyclopedia
|ref={{sfnref |&quot;Baḥr al-Ghazāl&quot; ''Britannica'' }}
|title=Baḥr Al-Ghazāl
|year= 2025
|encyclopedia=[[Britannica]]
|url= https://www.britannica.com/place/Bahr-al-Ghazal-river-South-Sudan
|access-date=7 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Big Canal&quot;, ''Popular Science''}}
* {{cite magazine
|ref={{sfnref |&quot;Big Canal&quot;, ''Popular Science'' }}
| magazine=[[Popular Science]]
| issn=	0161-7370
| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=6CcDAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA34 
|title=Big Canal to Change Course of Nile River
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905230928/https://books.google.com/books?id=6CcDAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA34 
 |archive-date=5 September 2015
|access-date=5 September 2015 
|date=October 1933
}} --&gt;
&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Colossal&quot;, ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
 |ref={{sfnRef|&quot;Colossal&quot;, ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary ''}}
 |year=2001
|chapter=Colossal
 |title=[[Concise Oxford English Dictionary]]
|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]
|chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/conciseoxforddic0000unse_t1j9/page/282
|access-date=27 December 2025
 |pages=282
 |isbn=0198604386
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|&quot;Desert Agriculture&quot;, ''Copernicus Programme''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef|&quot;Desert Agriculture&quot;, ''Copernicus Programme''}}
  |url= https://www.copernicus.eu/en/media/image-day-gallery/desert-agriculture-egypt 
|title=Desert Agriculture in Egypt 
|date=  3 February 2024
|website= [[Copernicus Programme|Copernicus: Europe's Eyes on Earth]]
|publisher = [[European Union Space Programme]]
 |access-date= 12 February 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Private Sector in River Transport&quot;,  ''EnterpriseAM''}} --&gt;
* {{cite web
| ref= {{sfnRef|&quot;Private Sector in River Transport&quot;,  ''EnterpriseAM''}} 
|url=https://enterpriseam.com/egypt/hardhats/govt-wants-the-private-sector-to-get-in-on-developing-egypts-river-transport/
|title=Gov't Wants the Private Sector to Get in on Developing Egypt's River Transport 
|website= EnterpriseAM
|date= 5 April 2023
|access-date=11 February 2026
}}
 
&lt;!--  {{sfn|&quot;Hymn to the Nile Flood&quot;, ''University College London''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef|&quot;Hymn to the Nile Flood&quot;, ''University College London''}}
  |url=https://uegcl.com/isimba-hydropower-station/
|title= Hymn to the Nile Flood
|date= 2000
|website=Digital Egypt for Universities
|publisher=[[University College London]]
 |access-date= 27 March 2026
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|&quot;Isimba Power Station&quot;, ''UEGCL''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef|&quot;Isimba Power Station&quot;, ''UEGCL''}}
  |url=https://uegcl.com/isimba-hydropower-station/
|title=Isimba Hydropower Station
|date= 1 February 2026
|website=[[Uganda Electricity Generation Company Limited ]]
 |access-date= 7 February 2026
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|&quot;Karuma&quot;, ''Uganda Radio Network''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef|&quot;Karuma&quot;, ''Uganda Radio Network''}}
  |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/the-600-mw-karuma-hydropower-plant-commissioned/ 
|title=The 600 MW Karuma Hydropower Plant Commissioned 
|date=26 September 2024 
|website=[[The Independent (Uganda)]]
 |access-date=3 August 2025
 |publisher =[[Uganda Radio Network]] 
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|&quot;Merowe Dam - Sudan&quot;, '' Abu Dhabi Fund for Development''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef|&quot;Merowe Dam - Sudan&quot;, '' Abu Dhabi Fund for Development''}}
  |url=https://www.adfd.ae/en/success-stories/merowe-dam-sudan
|title=Merowe Dam - Sudan
|date=  2024 
|website=[[Abu Dhabi Fund for Development]]
 |access-date=13 April 2026
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|&quot;Nile&quot;, ''Vatican Museum''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef|&quot;Nile&quot;, ''Vatican Museum''}}
|title=Nile
|publisher=  [[Vatican Museum]]
|url=  https://www.museivaticani.va/content/museivaticani/en/collezioni/musei/braccio-nuovo/Nilo.html
|access-date= 14 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|&quot;Nile Basin Dongola&quot;, ''Global Runoff Data Center''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef| &quot;Nile Basin Dongola&quot;, ''Global Runoff Data Center''}}
  |url=https://www.compositerunoff.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1662100.html
|title=Nile Basin - Station: Dongola
|website=Global Runoff Data Center 
|publisher=[[University of New Hampshire]]
 |access-date= 12 February 2026
}}
&lt;!--  SAVE FOR POSSIBLE FUTURE USE !!! 
  {{sfn|&quot;The Nile Basin&quot;, ''Nile Basin Initiative''}} 
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef| &quot;The Nile Basin&quot;, ''Nile Basin Initiative'' }}
|title=The Nile Basin
|year= 2025
|publisher= [[Nile Basin Initiative]]
|url= https://nilebasin.org/nile-basin 
|access-date=13  March 2026
}}
--&gt; 
&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Nile Basin National Water Quality&quot;, ''Nile Basin Initiative''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef| &quot;Nile Basin National Water Quality&quot;, ''Nile Basin Initiative'' }}
|title=Nile Basin National Water Quality Monitoring Baseline Study Report for Egypt
|year= 2005
|publisher= [[Nile Basin Initiative]]
|url= https://nilebasin.org/node/12482
|access-date=31 December 2025
}}

&lt;!--  {{snf|&quot;Personification of the River Nile&quot;, ''Yale Peabody Museum''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef|&quot;Personification of the River Nile&quot;, ''Yale Peabody Museum''}}
|title=Personification of the River Nile
|publisher=   [[Yale Peabody Museum]]
|url= https://echoesofegypt.peabody.yale.edu/overview/personification-river-nile
|access-date= 14 January 2026
}}

&lt;!--  {{sfn|&quot;Roseires Dam&quot;, ''IHA''}}   --&gt;
* {{Cite web
| ref={{sfnRef| &quot;Roseires Dam&quot;, ''IHA''}}
|title=Sudan - Roseires 
|year= 2022
|publisher= [[International Hydropower Association]]
|url= https://www.hydropower.org/sediment-management-case-studies/sudan-roseires
|access-date=9 February 2026
}}
 
&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Source Du Nil&quot;, ''Google Maps''}} --&gt;
* {{cite web
| ref= {{sfnRef|&quot;Source Du Nil&quot;, ''Google Maps''}} 
|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Source+Du+Nil/@-3.9151459,29.835292,750m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x19c0dc528139a7dd:0xe40198647c1df0f3!8m2!3d-3.9151459!4d29.8378669!16s%2Fg%2F11sf0fpfmf?entry=ttu&amp;g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDMxNS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D 
|title= Source Du Nil
|website=[[Google Maps]]
|date=  18 March 2026
|access-date=18 March 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;The Nile Basin Trust Fund&quot;,  ''World Bank Group''}} --&gt;
* {{cite web
| ref= {{sfnRef|&quot;The Nile Basin Trust Fund&quot;,  ''World Bank Group''}} 
|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/cooperation-in-international-waters-in-africa/brief/nile-basin-trust-fund
|title=The Nile Basin Trust Fund
|publisher=[[World Bank Group]]
|date= 14 January 2016
|access-date=20 January 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|&quot;Upper Atbara Dam&quot;,  ''OPEC Fund for International Development''}} --&gt;
* {{cite web
| ref= {{sfnRef|&quot;Upper Atbara Dam&quot;,  ''OPEC Fund for International Development''}} 
|url=https://opecfund.org/where-we-work/list/upper-atbara-dam-complex-project
|title=Upper Atbara Dam Complex Project
|publisher=[[OPEC Fund for International Development]]
|date= 2026
|access-date=12 April 2026
}}

&lt;!-- {{sfn|''Water Accounting in the Nile River Basin'', ''United Nations''}} --&gt;
* {{Cite book
| ref={{sfnRef| ''Water Accounting in the Nile River Basin'', ''United Nations'' }}
|title=Water Accounting in the Nile River Basin
|year= 2020
|publisher= [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] - [[United Nations]]
|url= https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/ca9895en
|access-date=11 December 2025
|doi= 10.4060/ca9895en
|isbn=9789251329825
}}

{{Nile River}}
{{Egypt topics}}
{{Ancient Egypt topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Nile| ]]
[[Category:Ancient Egyptian religion]]
[[Category:Geography of ancient Egypt]]
[[Category:Hebrew Bible rivers]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:National parks of Egypt]]
[[Category:Nile basin|*]]
[[Category:Rivers in art]]
[[Category:Rivers of Burundi]]
[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Rivers of Egypt]]
[[Category:Rivers of Eritrea]]
[[Category:Rivers of Ethiopia]]
[[Category:Rivers of Kenya]]
[[Category:Rivers of Rwanda]]
[[Category:Rivers of South Sudan]]
[[Category:Rivers of Sudan]]
[[Category:Rivers of Tanzania]]
[[Category:Rivers of Uganda]]
[[Category:Water transport in Egypt]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kwilu River</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>140119</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T09:42:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
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      <text bytes="979" sha1="3wmd1hw1k4cuu0m7628dacgeeizue2o" xml:space="preserve">'''Kwilu Mɔɣili''' ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Cuílo''; [[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Kwilu''; [[Dutch language|Dutch]]: ''Kwilu Rivier'') nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Lunda Norte yaɣili mini Lunda Sul yaɣili din be [[Angola]] mini Kwilu yaɣili, shɛba nyɛla ban daa na mi li Bandundu yaɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) zaŋ chaŋ Bandundu ni ka di chirigi [[Kwango River]] pɔi ka di naayi  [[Kasai River]].  DRC tiŋgbani maa ni mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri gindi tiŋsi kamani Gungu, Kikwit, Bulungu, Bagata, Rutherfordia n-ti pahi Bandundu.{{sfn|Blaes|2008}} Lusanga, bɛ ni daa na mi shɛli Leverville nyɛla din be Kwenge mɔɣili ni chirigi Kwilu, di nyɛla din be Kikwit mini Bulungu sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf
 |title=M'Bwa na Basenji
 |author=C.J. Warrington
 |work=The Basenji
 |date=May 1972
 |access-date=2012-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>140120</id>
      <parentid>140119</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T09:51:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Updated Content</comment>
      <origin>140120</origin>
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      <text bytes="2137" sha1="p80u7rjpdof88s1drx8f6ng6hdk1tzi" xml:space="preserve">'''Kwilu Mɔɣili''' ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Cuílo''; [[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Kwilu''; [[Dutch language|Dutch]]: ''Kwilu Rivier'') nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Lunda Norte yaɣili mini Lunda Sul yaɣili din be [[Angola]] mini Kwilu yaɣili, shɛba nyɛla ban daa na mi li Bandundu yaɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) zaŋ chaŋ Bandundu ni ka di chirigi [[Kwango River]] pɔi ka di naayi  [[Kasai River]].  DRC tiŋgbani maa ni mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri gindi tiŋsi kamani Gungu, Kikwit, Bulungu, Bagata, Rutherfordia n-ti pahi Bandundu.{{sfn|Blaes|2008}} Lusanga, bɛ ni daa na mi shɛli Leverville nyɛla din be Kwenge mɔɣili ni chirigi Kwilu, di nyɛla din be Kikwit mini Bulungu sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf
 |title=M'Bwa na Basenji
 |author=C.J. Warrington
 |work=The Basenji
 |date=May 1972
 |access-date=2012-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Characteristics ==
Di nyɛla Meandering mɔɣili. Mɔɣili maa noli nyɛla din yɛliŋ nyɛ mitanima kɔbisiwɔi ni pihinu. Mɔɣili maa shee nyɛla din deegi bihigu.&lt;ref name=&quot;hani&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hanibal Lemma |first1=and colleagues |title=Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia (Table 7) |journal=Journal of Hydrology |date=2019 |volume=577 |article-number=123968 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968 |s2cid=199099061 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla Kilomitanima kɔbisiwɔi ni pihiyobu  ni anu. Shiɣuni, ko'kpɛɣu nyɛla din tooi niŋdi lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka di tooi deeri polo kamani kilomitanima 1,550. Mɔɣili maa ni tooi nyari di kom luɣ'shɛli waɣilim nyɛla mitanima 1,000 zaŋ chaŋ 1,800 Angolan. Yuuni 2011 vihigu nyɛla din wuhi ni zahim balibu kamani kɔbigi ni pinaata  nyɛ din be mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.{{sfn|Munene|Stiassny|2011}}
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;250px&quot; heights=&quot;180px&quot;&gt;
File:Au bord de la rivère Kwilu à Bandundu.jpg|Beside the river at [[Bandundu (city)|Bandundu]], June 2007
File:Rivière Kwilu à Bandundu.jpg|The river at [[Bandundu (city)|Bandundu]], June 2007
&lt;/gallery&gt;</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-13T09:52:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
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      <comment>Updated Content</comment>
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      <text bytes="3227" sha1="35nx2nje6esa83ov11kt0e1jyo9oi72" xml:space="preserve">'''Kwilu Mɔɣili''' ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Cuílo''; [[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Kwilu''; [[Dutch language|Dutch]]: ''Kwilu Rivier'') nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Lunda Norte yaɣili mini Lunda Sul yaɣili din be [[Angola]] mini Kwilu yaɣili, shɛba nyɛla ban daa na mi li Bandundu yaɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) zaŋ chaŋ Bandundu ni ka di chirigi [[Kwango River]] pɔi ka di naayi  [[Kasai River]].  DRC tiŋgbani maa ni mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri gindi tiŋsi kamani Gungu, Kikwit, Bulungu, Bagata, Rutherfordia n-ti pahi Bandundu.{{sfn|Blaes|2008}} Lusanga, bɛ ni daa na mi shɛli Leverville nyɛla din be Kwenge mɔɣili ni chirigi Kwilu, di nyɛla din be Kikwit mini Bulungu sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf
 |title=M'Bwa na Basenji
 |author=C.J. Warrington
 |work=The Basenji
 |date=May 1972
 |access-date=2012-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Characteristics ==
Di nyɛla Meandering mɔɣili. Mɔɣili maa noli nyɛla din yɛliŋ nyɛ mitanima kɔbisiwɔi ni pihinu. Mɔɣili maa shee nyɛla din deegi bihigu.&lt;ref name=&quot;hani&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hanibal Lemma |first1=and colleagues |title=Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia (Table 7) |journal=Journal of Hydrology |date=2019 |volume=577 |article-number=123968 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968 |s2cid=199099061 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla Kilomitanima kɔbisiwɔi ni pihiyobu  ni anu. Shiɣuni, ko'kpɛɣu nyɛla din tooi niŋdi lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka di tooi deeri polo kamani kilomitanima 1,550. Mɔɣili maa ni tooi nyari di kom luɣ'shɛli waɣilim nyɛla mitanima 1,000 zaŋ chaŋ 1,800 Angolan. Yuuni 2011 vihigu nyɛla din wuhi ni zahim balibu kamani kɔbigi ni pinaata  nyɛ din be mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.{{sfn|Munene|Stiassny|2011}}
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;250px&quot; heights=&quot;180px&quot;&gt;
File:Au bord de la rivère Kwilu à Bandundu.jpg|Beside the river at [[Bandundu (city)|Bandundu]], June 2007
File:Rivière Kwilu à Bandundu.jpg|The river at [[Bandundu (city)|Bandundu]], June 2007
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist |colwidth=30em}}

==Sources==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf|title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo|last=Blaes|first=X.|date=October 2008|publisher=UNOCHA and PNUD|access-date=2011-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818075411/http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf|archive-date=2016-08-18}}
*{{cite journal|last2=Stiassny|first2=Melanie L. J.|year=2011|title=Fishes of the Kwilu River (Kasai basin, central Africa): A list of species collected in the vicinity of Kikwit, Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo|journal=Check List|volume=7|issue=5|first1=José Justin Mbimbi Mayi|last1=Munene|page=691|doi=10.15560/7.5.691|doi-access=free}}
{{Refend}}

{{Rivers of Angola}}
{{Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rivers of Angola]]
[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]


{{Angola-river-stub}}
{{DRCongo-river-stub}}</text>
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      <text bytes="3239" sha1="fso1p8ed6ra0ysmlpv2cgqkjk99k0rl" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kwilu Mɔɣili''' ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Cuílo''; [[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Kwilu''; [[Dutch language|Dutch]]: ''Kwilu Rivier'') nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Lunda Norte yaɣili mini Lunda Sul yaɣili din be [[Angola]] mini Kwilu yaɣili, shɛba nyɛla ban daa na mi li Bandundu yaɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) zaŋ chaŋ Bandundu ni ka di chirigi [[Kwango River]] pɔi ka di naayi  [[Kasai River]].  DRC tiŋgbani maa ni mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri gindi tiŋsi kamani Gungu, Kikwit, Bulungu, Bagata, Rutherfordia n-ti pahi Bandundu.{{sfn|Blaes|2008}} Lusanga, bɛ ni daa na mi shɛli Leverville nyɛla din be Kwenge mɔɣili ni chirigi Kwilu, di nyɛla din be Kikwit mini Bulungu sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf
 |title=M'Bwa na Basenji
 |author=C.J. Warrington
 |work=The Basenji
 |date=May 1972
 |access-date=2012-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Characteristics ==
Di nyɛla Meandering mɔɣili. Mɔɣili maa noli nyɛla din yɛliŋ nyɛ mitanima kɔbisiwɔi ni pihinu. Mɔɣili maa shee nyɛla din deegi bihigu.&lt;ref name=&quot;hani&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hanibal Lemma |first1=and colleagues |title=Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia (Table 7) |journal=Journal of Hydrology |date=2019 |volume=577 |article-number=123968 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968 |s2cid=199099061 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla Kilomitanima kɔbisiwɔi ni pihiyobu  ni anu. Shiɣuni, ko'kpɛɣu nyɛla din tooi niŋdi lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka di tooi deeri polo kamani kilomitanima 1,550. Mɔɣili maa ni tooi nyari di kom luɣ'shɛli waɣilim nyɛla mitanima 1,000 zaŋ chaŋ 1,800 Angolan. Yuuni 2011 vihigu nyɛla din wuhi ni zahim balibu kamani kɔbigi ni pinaata  nyɛ din be mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.{{sfn|Munene|Stiassny|2011}}
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;250px&quot; heights=&quot;180px&quot;&gt;
File:Au bord de la rivère Kwilu à Bandundu.jpg|Beside the river at [[Bandundu (city)|Bandundu]], June 2007
File:Rivière Kwilu à Bandundu.jpg|The river at [[Bandundu (city)|Bandundu]], June 2007
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist |colwidth=30em}}

==Sources==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf|title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo|last=Blaes|first=X.|date=October 2008|publisher=UNOCHA and PNUD|access-date=2011-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818075411/http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf|archive-date=2016-08-18}}
*{{cite journal|last2=Stiassny|first2=Melanie L. J.|year=2011|title=Fishes of the Kwilu River (Kasai basin, central Africa): A list of species collected in the vicinity of Kikwit, Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo|journal=Check List|volume=7|issue=5|first1=José Justin Mbimbi Mayi|last1=Munene|page=691|doi=10.15560/7.5.691|doi-access=free}}
{{Refend}}

{{Rivers of Angola}}
{{Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rivers of Angola]]
[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]


{{Angola-river-stub}}
{{DRCongo-river-stub}}</text>
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'''Kwilu Mɔɣili''' ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Cuílo''; [[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Kwilu''; [[Dutch language|Dutch]]: ''Kwilu Rivier'') nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Lunda Norte yaɣili mini Lunda Sul yaɣili din be [[Angola]] mini Kwilu yaɣili, shɛba nyɛla ban daa na mi li Bandundu yaɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) zaŋ chaŋ Bandundu ni ka di chirigi [[Kwango River]] pɔi ka di naayi  [[Kasai River]].  DRC tiŋgbani maa ni mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri gindi tiŋsi kamani Gungu, Kikwit, Bulungu, Bagata, Rutherfordia n-ti pahi Bandundu.{{sfn|Blaes|2008}} Lusanga, bɛ ni daa na mi shɛli Leverville nyɛla din be Kwenge mɔɣili ni chirigi Kwilu, di nyɛla din be Kikwit mini Bulungu sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf
 |title=M'Bwa na Basenji
 |author=C.J. Warrington
 |work=The Basenji
 |date=May 1972
 |access-date=2012-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Characteristics ==
Di nyɛla Meandering mɔɣili. Mɔɣili maa noli nyɛla din yɛliŋ nyɛ mitanima kɔbisiwɔi ni pihinu. Mɔɣili maa shee nyɛla din deegi bihigu.&lt;ref name=&quot;hani&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hanibal Lemma |first1=and colleagues |title=Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia (Table 7) |journal=Journal of Hydrology |date=2019 |volume=577 |article-number=123968 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968 |s2cid=199099061 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla Kilomitanima kɔbisiwɔi ni pihiyobu  ni anu. Shiɣuni, ko'kpɛɣu nyɛla din tooi niŋdi lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka di tooi deeri polo kamani kilomitanima 1,550. Mɔɣili maa ni tooi nyari di kom luɣ'shɛli waɣilim nyɛla mitanima 1,000 zaŋ chaŋ 1,800 Angolan. Yuuni 2011 vihigu nyɛla din wuhi ni zahim balibu kamani kɔbigi ni pinaata  nyɛ din be mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.{{sfn|Munene|Stiassny|2011}}
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;250px&quot; heights=&quot;180px&quot;&gt;
File:Au bord de la rivère Kwilu à Bandundu.jpg|Beside the river at [[Bandundu (city)|Bandundu]], June 2007
File:Rivière Kwilu à Bandundu.jpg|The river at [[Bandundu (city)|Bandundu]], June 2007
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist |colwidth=30em}}

==Sources==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf|title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo|last=Blaes|first=X.|date=October 2008|publisher=UNOCHA and PNUD|access-date=2011-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818075411/http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf|archive-date=2016-08-18}}
*{{cite journal|last2=Stiassny|first2=Melanie L. J.|year=2011|title=Fishes of the Kwilu River (Kasai basin, central Africa): A list of species collected in the vicinity of Kikwit, Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo|journal=Check List|volume=7|issue=5|first1=José Justin Mbimbi Mayi|last1=Munene|page=691|doi=10.15560/7.5.691|doi-access=free}}
{{Refend}}

{{Rivers of Angola}}
{{Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rivers of Angola]]
[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]</text>
      <sha1>h94f00mqjillu47kxulzdvel5llo7iw</sha1>
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      <text bytes="3120" sha1="tdxiflmm892tsp79r4p1z1waxb7o7ew" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kwilu Mɔɣili''' ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Cuílo''; [[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Kwilu''; [[Dutch language|Dutch]]: ''Kwilu Rivier'') nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Lunda Norte yaɣili mini Lunda Sul yaɣili din be [[Angola]] mini Kwilu yaɣili, shɛba nyɛla ban daa na mi li Bandundu yaɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) zaŋ chaŋ Bandundu ni ka di chirigi [[Kwango River]] pɔi ka di naayi  [[Kasai River]].  DRC tiŋgbani maa ni mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri gindi tiŋsi kamani Gungu, Kikwit, Bulungu, Bagata, Rutherfordia n-ti pahi Bandundu.{{sfn|Blaes|2008}} Lusanga, bɛ ni daa na mi shɛli Leverville nyɛla din be Kwenge mɔɣili ni chirigi Kwilu, di nyɛla din be Kikwit mini Bulungu sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf
 |title=M'Bwa na Basenji
 |author=C.J. Warrington
 |work=The Basenji
 |date=May 1972
 |access-date=2012-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Characteristics ==
Di nyɛla Meandering mɔɣili. Mɔɣili maa noli nyɛla din yɛliŋ nyɛ mitanima kɔbisiwɔi ni pihinu. Mɔɣili maa shee nyɛla din deegi bihigu.&lt;ref name=&quot;hani&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hanibal Lemma |first1=and colleagues |title=Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia (Table 7) |journal=Journal of Hydrology |date=2019 |volume=577 |article-number=123968 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968 |s2cid=199099061 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla Kilomitanima kɔbisiwɔi ni pihiyobu  ni anu. Shiɣuni, ko'kpɛɣu nyɛla din tooi niŋdi lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka di tooi deeri polo kamani kilomitanima 1,550. Mɔɣili maa ni tooi nyari di kom luɣ'shɛli waɣilim nyɛla mitanima 1,000 zaŋ chaŋ 1,800 Angolan. Yuuni 2011 vihigu nyɛla din wuhi ni zahim balibu kamani kɔbigi ni pinaata  nyɛ din be mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.{{sfn|Munene|Stiassny|2011}}
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;250px&quot; heights=&quot;180px&quot;&gt;
File:Au bord de la rivère Kwilu à Bandundu.jpg|Beside the river at [[Bandundu (city)|Bandundu]], June 2007
File:Rivière Kwilu à Bandundu.jpg|The river at [[Bandundu (city)|Bandundu]], June 2007
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist |colwidth=30em}}

==Sources==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf|title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo|last=Blaes|first=X.|date=October 2008|publisher=UNOCHA and PNUD|access-date=2011-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818075411/http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf|archive-date=2016-08-18}}
*{{cite journal|last2=Stiassny|first2=Melanie L. J.|year=2011|title=Fishes of the Kwilu River (Kasai basin, central Africa): A list of species collected in the vicinity of Kikwit, Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo|journal=Check List|volume=7|issue=5|first1=José Justin Mbimbi Mayi|last1=Munene|page=691|doi=10.15560/7.5.691|doi-access=free}}
{{Refend}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rivers of Angola]]
[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]</text>
      <sha1>tdxiflmm892tsp79r4p1z1waxb7o7ew</sha1>
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      <id>140125</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
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      <text bytes="3122" sha1="k88y45pj9xelpl4gx7wr7h8b6zt1zxh" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kwilu Mɔɣili''' ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Cuílo''; [[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Kwilu''; [[Dutch language|Dutch]]: ''Kwilu Rivier'') nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Lunda Norte yaɣili mini Lunda Sul yaɣili din be [[Angola]] mini Kwilu yaɣili, shɛba nyɛla ban daa na mi li Bandundu yaɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) zaŋ chaŋ Bandundu ni ka di chirigi [[Kwango River]] pɔi ka di naayi  [[Kasai River]].  DRC tiŋgbani maa ni mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri gindi tiŋsi kamani Gungu, Kikwit, Bulungu, Bagata, Rutherfordia n-ti pahi Bandundu.{{sfn|Blaes|2008}} Lusanga, bɛ ni daa na mi shɛli Leverville nyɛla din be Kwenge mɔɣili ni chirigi Kwilu, di nyɛla din be Kikwit mini Bulungu sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf
 |title=M'Bwa na Basenji
 |author=C.J. Warrington
 |work=The Basenji
 |date=May 1972
 |access-date=2012-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Characteristics ==
Di nyɛla Meandering mɔɣili. Mɔɣili maa noli nyɛla din yɛliŋ nyɛ mitanima kɔbisiwɔi ni pihinu. Mɔɣili maa shee nyɛla din deegi bihigu.&lt;ref name=&quot;hani&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hanibal Lemma |first1=and colleagues |title=Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia (Table 7) |journal=Journal of Hydrology |date=2019 |volume=577 |article-number=123968 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968 |s2cid=199099061 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla Kilomitanima kɔbisiwɔi ni pihiyobu  ni anu. Shiɣuni, ko'kpɛɣu nyɛla din tooi niŋdi lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka di tooi deeri polo kamani kilomitanima 1,550. Mɔɣili maa ni tooi nyari di kom luɣ'shɛli waɣilim nyɛla mitanima 1,000 zaŋ chaŋ 1,800 Angolan. Yuuni 2011 vihigu nyɛla din wuhi ni zahim balibu kamani kɔbigi ni pinaata  nyɛ din be mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.{{sfn|Munene|Stiassny|2011}}
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;250px&quot; heights=&quot;180px&quot;&gt;
File:Au bord de la rivère Kwilu à Bandundu.jpg|Beside the river at [[Bandundu (city)|Bandundu]], June 2007
File:Rivière Kwilu à Bandundu.jpg|The river at [[Bandundu (city)|Bandundu]], June 2007
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist |colwidth=30em}}

==Sources==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf|title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo|last=Blaes|first=X.|date=October 2008|publisher=UNOCHA and PNUD|access-date=2011-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818075411/http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf|archive-date=2016-08-18}}
*{{cite journal|last2=Stiassny|first2=Melanie L. J.|year=2011|title=Fishes of the Kwilu River (Kasai basin, central Africa): A list of species collected in the vicinity of Kikwit, Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo|journal=Check List|volume=7|issue=5|first1=José Justin Mbimbi Mayi|last1=Munene|page=691|doi=10.15560/7.5.691|doi-access=free}}
{{Refend}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rivers of Angola]]
[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]</text>
      <sha1>k88y45pj9xelpl4gx7wr7h8b6zt1zxh</sha1>
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      <id>140126</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-13T09:55:06Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3132" sha1="6p3phr4ijuts1g0f47zv4kkrwkrohd2" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kwilu Mɔɣili''' ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Cuílo''; [[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Kwilu''; [[Dutch language|Dutch]]: ''Kwilu Rivier'') nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Lunda Norte yaɣili mini Lunda Sul yaɣili din be [[Angola]] mini Kwilu yaɣili, shɛba nyɛla ban daa na mi li Bandundu yaɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) zaŋ chaŋ Bandundu ni ka di chirigi [[Kwango River]] pɔi ka di naayi  [[Kasai River]].  DRC tiŋgbani maa ni mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri gindi tiŋsi kamani Gungu, Kikwit, Bulungu, Bagata, Rutherfordia n-ti pahi Bandundu.{{sfn|Blaes|2008}} Lusanga, bɛ ni daa na mi shɛli Leverville nyɛla din be Kwenge mɔɣili ni chirigi Kwilu, di nyɛla din be Kikwit mini Bulungu sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf
 |title=M'Bwa na Basenji
 |author=C.J. Warrington
 |work=The Basenji
 |date=May 1972
 |access-date=2012-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Characteristics ==
Di nyɛla Meandering mɔɣili. Mɔɣili maa noli nyɛla din yɛliŋ nyɛ mitanima kɔbisiwɔi ni pihinu. Mɔɣili maa shee nyɛla din deegi bihigu.&lt;ref name=&quot;hani&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hanibal Lemma |first1=and colleagues |title=Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia (Table 7) |journal=Journal of Hydrology |date=2019 |volume=577 |article-number=123968 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968 |s2cid=199099061 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla Kilomitanima kɔbisiwɔi ni pihiyobu  ni anu. Shiɣuni, ko'kpɛɣu nyɛla din tooi niŋdi lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka di tooi deeri polo kamani kilomitanima 1,550. Mɔɣili maa ni tooi nyari di kom luɣ'shɛli waɣilim nyɛla mitanima 1,000 zaŋ chaŋ 1,800 Angolan. Yuuni 2011 vihigu nyɛla din wuhi ni zahim balibu kamani kɔbigi ni pinaata  nyɛ din be mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.{{sfn|Munene|Stiassny|2011}}
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;250px&quot; heights=&quot;180px&quot;&gt;
File:Au bord de la rivère Kwilu à Bandundu.jpg|Beside the river at [[Bandundu (city)|Bandundu]], June 2007
File:Rivière Kwilu à Bandundu.jpg|The river at [[Bandundu (city)|Bandundu]], June 2007
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist |colwidth=30em}}

==Din yi shɛli na ==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf|title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo|last=Blaes|first=X.|date=October 2008|publisher=UNOCHA and PNUD|access-date=2011-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818075411/http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf|archive-date=2016-08-18}}
*{{cite journal|last2=Stiassny|first2=Melanie L. J.|year=2011|title=Fishes of the Kwilu River (Kasai basin, central Africa): A list of species collected in the vicinity of Kikwit, Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo|journal=Check List|volume=7|issue=5|first1=José Justin Mbimbi Mayi|last1=Munene|page=691|doi=10.15560/7.5.691|doi-access=free}}
{{Refend}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rivers of Angola]]
[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]</text>
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      <id>140146</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-13T11:34:45Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3147" sha1="qbtzk57lbxjt9ixt43sxb3iy9c9hh4n" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kwilu Mɔɣili''' ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Cuílo''; [[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Kwilu''; [[Dutch language|Dutch]]: ''Kwilu Rivier'') nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Lunda Norte yaɣili mini Lunda Sul yaɣili din be [[Angola]] mini Kwilu yaɣili, shɛba nyɛla ban daa na mi li Bandundu yaɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) zaŋ chaŋ Bandundu ni ka di chirigi [[Kwango River]] pɔi ka di naayi  [[Kasai River|Kasai Mɔɣili]].  DRC tiŋgbani maa ni mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri gindi tiŋsi kamani Gungu, Kikwit, Bulungu, Bagata, Rutherfordia n-ti pahi Bandundu.{{sfn|Blaes|2008}} Lusanga, bɛ ni daa na mi shɛli Leverville nyɛla din be Kwenge mɔɣili ni chirigi Kwilu, di nyɛla din be Kikwit mini Bulungu sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf
 |title=M'Bwa na Basenji
 |author=C.J. Warrington
 |work=The Basenji
 |date=May 1972
 |access-date=2012-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Characteristics ==
Di nyɛla Meandering mɔɣili. Mɔɣili maa noli nyɛla din yɛliŋ nyɛ mitanima kɔbisiwɔi ni pihinu. Mɔɣili maa shee nyɛla din deegi bihigu.&lt;ref name=&quot;hani&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hanibal Lemma |first1=and colleagues |title=Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia (Table 7) |journal=Journal of Hydrology |date=2019 |volume=577 |article-number=123968 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968 |s2cid=199099061 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla Kilomitanima kɔbisiwɔi ni pihiyobu  ni anu. Shiɣuni, ko'kpɛɣu nyɛla din tooi niŋdi lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka di tooi deeri polo kamani kilomitanima 1,550. Mɔɣili maa ni tooi nyari di kom luɣ'shɛli waɣilim nyɛla mitanima 1,000 zaŋ chaŋ 1,800 Angolan. Yuuni 2011 vihigu nyɛla din wuhi ni zahim balibu kamani kɔbigi ni pinaata  nyɛ din be mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.{{sfn|Munene|Stiassny|2011}}
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;250px&quot; heights=&quot;180px&quot;&gt;
File:Au bord de la rivère Kwilu à Bandundu.jpg|Beside the river at [[Bandundu (city)|Bandundu]], June 2007
File:Rivière Kwilu à Bandundu.jpg|The river at [[Bandundu (city)|Bandundu]], June 2007
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist |colwidth=30em}}

==Din yi shɛli na ==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf|title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo|last=Blaes|first=X.|date=October 2008|publisher=UNOCHA and PNUD|access-date=2011-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818075411/http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf|archive-date=2016-08-18}}
*{{cite journal|last2=Stiassny|first2=Melanie L. J.|year=2011|title=Fishes of the Kwilu River (Kasai basin, central Africa): A list of species collected in the vicinity of Kikwit, Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo|journal=Check List|volume=7|issue=5|first1=José Justin Mbimbi Mayi|last1=Munene|page=691|doi=10.15560/7.5.691|doi-access=free}}
{{Refend}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rivers of Angola]]
[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]</text>
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        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
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      <comment>Updated Content</comment>
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'''Kwilu Mɔɣili''' ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Cuílo''; [[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Kwilu''; [[Dutch language|Dutch]]: ''Kwilu Rivier'') nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Lunda Norte yaɣili mini Lunda Sul yaɣili din be [[Angola]] mini Kwilu yaɣili, shɛba nyɛla ban daa na mi li Bandundu yaɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) zaŋ chaŋ Bandundu ni ka di chirigi [[Kwango River|Kwango Mɔɣili]]  pɔi ka di naayi  [[Kasai River|Kasai Mɔɣili]].  DRC tiŋgbani maa ni mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri gindi tiŋsi kamani Gungu, Kikwit, Bulungu, Bagata, Rutherfordia n-ti pahi Bandundu.{{sfn|Blaes|2008}} Lusanga, bɛ ni daa na mi shɛli Leverville nyɛla din be Kwenge mɔɣili ni chirigi Kwilu, di nyɛla din be Kikwit mini Bulungu sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf
 |title=M'Bwa na Basenji
 |author=C.J. Warrington
 |work=The Basenji
 |date=May 1972
 |access-date=2012-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Characteristics ==
Di nyɛla Meandering mɔɣili. Mɔɣili maa noli nyɛla din yɛliŋ nyɛ mitanima kɔbisiwɔi ni pihinu. Mɔɣili maa shee nyɛla din deegi bihigu.&lt;ref name=&quot;hani&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hanibal Lemma |first1=and colleagues |title=Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia (Table 7) |journal=Journal of Hydrology |date=2019 |volume=577 |article-number=123968 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968 |s2cid=199099061 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla Kilomitanima kɔbisiwɔi ni pihiyobu  ni anu. Shiɣuni, ko'kpɛɣu nyɛla din tooi niŋdi lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka di tooi deeri polo kamani kilomitanima 1,550. Mɔɣili maa ni tooi nyari di kom luɣ'shɛli waɣilim nyɛla mitanima 1,000 zaŋ chaŋ 1,800 Angolan. Yuuni 2011 vihigu nyɛla din wuhi ni zahim balibu kamani kɔbigi ni pinaata  nyɛ din be mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.{{sfn|Munene|Stiassny|2011}}
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;250px&quot; heights=&quot;180px&quot;&gt;
File:Au bord de la rivère Kwilu à Bandundu.jpg|Beside the river at [[Bandundu (city)|Bandundu]], June 2007
File:Rivière Kwilu à Bandundu.jpg|The river at [[Bandundu (city)|Bandundu]], June 2007
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist |colwidth=30em}}

==Din yi shɛli na ==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf|title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo|last=Blaes|first=X.|date=October 2008|publisher=UNOCHA and PNUD|access-date=2011-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818075411/http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf|archive-date=2016-08-18}}
*{{cite journal|last2=Stiassny|first2=Melanie L. J.|year=2011|title=Fishes of the Kwilu River (Kasai basin, central Africa): A list of species collected in the vicinity of Kikwit, Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo|journal=Check List|volume=7|issue=5|first1=José Justin Mbimbi Mayi|last1=Munene|page=691|doi=10.15560/7.5.691|doi-access=free}}
{{Refend}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rivers of Angola]]
[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3167" sha1="b3aql123mv2zqdgp8x658y7nxo46p29" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kwilu Mɔɣili''' ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Cuílo''; [[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Kwilu''; [[Dutch language|Dutch]]: ''Kwilu Rivier'') nyɛla mɔɣili zaŋ n-ti Lunda Norte yaɣili mini Lunda Sul yaɣili din be [[Angola]] mini Kwilu yaɣili, shɛba nyɛla ban daa na mi li Bandundu yaɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) zaŋ chaŋ Bandundu ni ka di chirigi [[Kwango River|Kwango Mɔɣili]]  pɔi ka di naai boli [[Kasai River|Kasai Mɔɣili]].  DRC tiŋgbani maa ni mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din zɔri gindi tiŋsi kamani Gungu, Kikwit, Bulungu, Bagata, Rutherfordia n-ti pahi Bandundu.{{sfn|Blaes|2008}} Lusanga, bɛ ni daa na mi shɛli Leverville nyɛla din be Kwenge mɔɣili ni chirigi Kwilu, di nyɛla din be Kikwit mini Bulungu sunsuuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf
 |title=M'Bwa na Basenji
 |author=C.J. Warrington
 |work=The Basenji
 |date=May 1972
 |access-date=2012-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Characteristics ==
Di nyɛla Meandering mɔɣili. Mɔɣili maa noli nyɛla din yɛliŋ nyɛ mitanima kɔbisiwɔi ni pihinu. Mɔɣili maa shee nyɛla din deegi bihigu.&lt;ref name=&quot;hani&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hanibal Lemma |first1=and colleagues |title=Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia (Table 7) |journal=Journal of Hydrology |date=2019 |volume=577 |article-number=123968 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968 |s2cid=199099061 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla Kilomitanima kɔbisiwɔi ni pihiyobu  ni anu. Shiɣuni, ko'kpɛɣu nyɛla din tooi niŋdi lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka di tooi deeri polo kamani kilomitanima 1,550. Mɔɣili maa ni tooi nyari di kom luɣ'shɛli waɣilim nyɛla mitanima 1,000 zaŋ chaŋ 1,800 Angolan. Yuuni 2011 vihigu nyɛla din wuhi ni zahim balibu kamani kɔbigi ni pinaata  nyɛ din be mɔɣili ŋɔ ni.{{sfn|Munene|Stiassny|2011}}
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;250px&quot; heights=&quot;180px&quot;&gt;
File:Au bord de la rivère Kwilu à Bandundu.jpg|Beside the river at [[Bandundu (city)|Bandundu]], June 2007
File:Rivière Kwilu à Bandundu.jpg|The river at [[Bandundu (city)|Bandundu]], June 2007
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Kundivihira ==
{{Reflist |colwidth=30em}}

==Din yi shɛli na ==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf|title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo|last=Blaes|first=X.|date=October 2008|publisher=UNOCHA and PNUD|access-date=2011-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818075411/http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf|archive-date=2016-08-18}}
*{{cite journal|last2=Stiassny|first2=Melanie L. J.|year=2011|title=Fishes of the Kwilu River (Kasai basin, central Africa): A list of species collected in the vicinity of Kikwit, Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo|journal=Check List|volume=7|issue=5|first1=José Justin Mbimbi Mayi|last1=Munene|page=691|doi=10.15560/7.5.691|doi-access=free}}
{{Refend}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rivers of Angola]]
[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]</text>
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    <title>Kwenge River</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-13T10:36:32Z</timestamp>
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{{Coord|4.840404|S|18.721991|E|display=title}}
[[File:Kasai River Catchment OSM.png|thumb|The Kwenge River in the Kasai catchment (center left)]]
'''Kwenge Mɔɣili''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Kwenge'') ŋɔ nyɛla kulibɔŋ din be Bandundu yaɣili zaŋ n-ti [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].

Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi [[Angola]], kamani kilomitanima dibaa ayobu zuɣu di nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni Angola mini DRC tiŋgbana tarisi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/4%C2%B050'25.5%22S+18%C2%B043'19.2%22E/@-7.9534875,18.7487729,13.13z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-4.840404!4d18.721991?hl=en|title=Kwenge|website=GoogleMaps|access-date=29 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili bin din gbaai Angola tiŋgbani tarisi zaŋ chaŋ Kwango mini Kwilu yaɣili pɔi ka naayi chirigi [[Kwilu River]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf
 |title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo
 |last=Blaes
 |first=X.
 |date=October 2008
 |publisher=UNOCHA and PNUD
 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818075411/http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf
 |archive-date=2016-08-18
 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Lusanga, bɛ ni daa na mi shɛli Leverville nyɛla din miri  Kwenge mini Kwilu mɔɣa ŋɔ.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf
 |title=M'Bwa na Basenji
 |author=C.J. Warrington
 |work=The Basenji
 |date=May 1972
 |access-date=2012-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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{{short description|Stream in Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
{{Coord|4.840404|S|18.721991|E|display=title}}
[[File:Kasai River Catchment OSM.png|thumb|The Kwenge River in the Kasai catchment (center left)]]
'''Kwenge Mɔɣili''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Kwenge'') ŋɔ nyɛla kulibɔŋ din be Bandundu yaɣili zaŋ n-ti [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].

Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi [[Angola]], kamani kilomitanima dibaa ayobu zuɣu di nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni Angola mini DRC tiŋgbana tarisi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/4%C2%B050'25.5%22S+18%C2%B043'19.2%22E/@-7.9534875,18.7487729,13.13z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-4.840404!4d18.721991?hl=en|title=Kwenge|website=GoogleMaps|access-date=29 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili bin din gbaai Angola tiŋgbani tarisi zaŋ chaŋ Kwango mini Kwilu yaɣili pɔi ka naayi chirigi [[Kwilu River]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf
 |title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo
 |last=Blaes
 |first=X.
 |date=October 2008
 |publisher=UNOCHA and PNUD
 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818075411/http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf
 |archive-date=2016-08-18
 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Lusanga, bɛ ni daa na mi shɛli Leverville nyɛla din miri  Kwenge mini Kwilu mɔɣa ŋɔ.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf
 |title=M'Bwa na Basenji
 |author=C.J. Warrington
 |work=The Basenji
 |date=May 1972
 |access-date=2012-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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{{short description|Stream in Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
{{Coord|4.840404|S|18.721991|E|display=title}}
[[File:Kasai River Catchment OSM.png|thumb|The Kwenge River in the Kasai catchment (center left)]]
'''Kwenge Mɔɣili''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Kwenge'') ŋɔ nyɛla kulibɔŋ din be Bandundu yaɣili zaŋ n-ti [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].

Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi [[Angola]], kamani kilomitanima dibaa ayobu zuɣu di nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni Angola mini DRC tiŋgbana tarisi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/4%C2%B050'25.5%22S+18%C2%B043'19.2%22E/@-7.9534875,18.7487729,13.13z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-4.840404!4d18.721991?hl=en|title=Kwenge|website=GoogleMaps|access-date=29 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili bin din gbaai Angola tiŋgbani tarisi zaŋ chaŋ Kwango mini Kwilu yaɣili pɔi ka naayi chirigi [[Kwilu River]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf
 |title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo
 |last=Blaes
 |first=X.
 |date=October 2008
 |publisher=UNOCHA and PNUD
 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818075411/http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf
 |archive-date=2016-08-18
 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Lusanga, bɛ ni daa na mi shɛli Leverville nyɛla din miri  Kwenge mini Kwilu mɔɣa ŋɔ.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf
 |title=M'Bwa na Basenji
 |author=C.J. Warrington
 |work=The Basenji
 |date=May 1972
 |access-date=2012-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tiŋgbani shɛli din be  Kwilu mini Kwenge sunsuuni nyɛla luɣ'shɛli Pende niriba ni daa na be.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.tribal-art-auktion.de/en/news/98/
 |title       = Tribal Treasures
 |date        = August 25, 2011
 |publisher   = Zemanek-Münster
 |access-date  = 2012-02-02
 
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20120817022444/http://www.tribal-art-auktion.de/en/news/98/
 |archive-date = August 17, 2012
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suku niriba ban daa kana lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka daa yina [[Kwango River]] polo yuuni  1800s nyɛla ban be Bakali mini  Kwenge mɔɣa sunsuuni .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book
 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1uFe__DEB4C&amp;pg=PA83
 |page=83
 |title=The family estate in Africa: studies in the role of property in family structure and lineage continuity
 |author=Robert F. Gray, P. H. Gulliver
 |publisher=Routledge |year=2004 |isbn=0-415-32985-X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mɔɣili maa gbunni polo tiŋgbani maa nyɛla baa ka nyɛ luɣ'shɛli ko'kpɛɣu ni tooi niŋda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book
 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&amp;pg=PA531
 |page=531
 |title=A directory of African wetlands
 |author=R. H. Hughes |author2=J. S. Hughes
 |publisher=IUCN |year=1992
 |isbn=2-88032-949-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Rivers of Angola]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Angola–Democratic Republic of the Congo border]]
[[Category:Border rivers]]


{{Angola-river-stub}}
{{DRCongo-river-stub}}</text>
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{{short description|Stream in Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
{{Coord|4.840404|S|18.721991|E|display=title}}
[[File:Kasai River Catchment OSM.png|thumb|The Kwenge River in the Kasai catchment (center left)]]
'''Kwenge Mɔɣili''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Kwenge'') ŋɔ nyɛla kulibɔŋ din be Bandundu yaɣili zaŋ n-ti [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].

Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi [[Angola]], kamani kilomitanima dibaa ayobu zuɣu di nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni Angola mini DRC tiŋgbana tarisi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/4%C2%B050'25.5%22S+18%C2%B043'19.2%22E/@-7.9534875,18.7487729,13.13z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-4.840404!4d18.721991?hl=en|title=Kwenge|website=GoogleMaps|access-date=29 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili bin din gbaai Angola tiŋgbani tarisi zaŋ chaŋ Kwango mini Kwilu yaɣili pɔi ka naayi chirigi [[Kwilu River]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf
 |title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo
 |last=Blaes
 |first=X.
 |date=October 2008
 |publisher=UNOCHA and PNUD
 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818075411/http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf
 |archive-date=2016-08-18
 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Lusanga, bɛ ni daa na mi shɛli Leverville nyɛla din miri  Kwenge mini Kwilu mɔɣa ŋɔ.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf
 |title=M'Bwa na Basenji
 |author=C.J. Warrington
 |work=The Basenji
 |date=May 1972
 |access-date=2012-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tiŋgbani shɛli din be  Kwilu mini Kwenge sunsuuni nyɛla luɣ'shɛli Pende niriba ni daa na be.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.tribal-art-auktion.de/en/news/98/
 |title       = Tribal Treasures
 |date        = August 25, 2011
 |publisher   = Zemanek-Münster
 |access-date  = 2012-02-02
 
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20120817022444/http://www.tribal-art-auktion.de/en/news/98/
 |archive-date = August 17, 2012
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suku niriba ban daa kana lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka daa yina [[Kwango River]] polo yuuni  1800s nyɛla ban be Bakali mini  Kwenge mɔɣa sunsuuni .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book
 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1uFe__DEB4C&amp;pg=PA83
 |page=83
 |title=The family estate in Africa: studies in the role of property in family structure and lineage continuity
 |author=Robert F. Gray, P. H. Gulliver
 |publisher=Routledge |year=2004 |isbn=0-415-32985-X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mɔɣili maa gbunni polo tiŋgbani maa nyɛla baa ka nyɛ luɣ'shɛli ko'kpɛɣu ni tooi niŋda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book
 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&amp;pg=PA531
 |page=531
 |title=A directory of African wetlands
 |author=R. H. Hughes |author2=J. S. Hughes
 |publisher=IUCN |year=1992
 |isbn=2-88032-949-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Rivers of Angola]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Angola–Democratic Republic of the Congo border]]
[[Category:Border rivers]]


{{Angola-river-stub}}</text>
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      <id>140131</id>
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{{short description|Stream in Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
{{Coord|4.840404|S|18.721991|E|display=title}}
[[File:Kasai River Catchment OSM.png|thumb|The Kwenge River in the Kasai catchment (center left)]]
'''Kwenge Mɔɣili''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Kwenge'') ŋɔ nyɛla kulibɔŋ din be Bandundu yaɣili zaŋ n-ti [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].

Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi [[Angola]], kamani kilomitanima dibaa ayobu zuɣu di nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni Angola mini DRC tiŋgbana tarisi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/4%C2%B050'25.5%22S+18%C2%B043'19.2%22E/@-7.9534875,18.7487729,13.13z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-4.840404!4d18.721991?hl=en|title=Kwenge|website=GoogleMaps|access-date=29 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili bin din gbaai Angola tiŋgbani tarisi zaŋ chaŋ Kwango mini Kwilu yaɣili pɔi ka naayi chirigi [[Kwilu River]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf
 |title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo
 |last=Blaes
 |first=X.
 |date=October 2008
 |publisher=UNOCHA and PNUD
 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818075411/http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf
 |archive-date=2016-08-18
 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Lusanga, bɛ ni daa na mi shɛli Leverville nyɛla din miri  Kwenge mini Kwilu mɔɣa ŋɔ.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf
 |title=M'Bwa na Basenji
 |author=C.J. Warrington
 |work=The Basenji
 |date=May 1972
 |access-date=2012-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tiŋgbani shɛli din be  Kwilu mini Kwenge sunsuuni nyɛla luɣ'shɛli Pende niriba ni daa na be.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.tribal-art-auktion.de/en/news/98/
 |title       = Tribal Treasures
 |date        = August 25, 2011
 |publisher   = Zemanek-Münster
 |access-date  = 2012-02-02
 
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20120817022444/http://www.tribal-art-auktion.de/en/news/98/
 |archive-date = August 17, 2012
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suku niriba ban daa kana lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka daa yina [[Kwango River]] polo yuuni  1800s nyɛla ban be Bakali mini  Kwenge mɔɣa sunsuuni .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book
 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1uFe__DEB4C&amp;pg=PA83
 |page=83
 |title=The family estate in Africa: studies in the role of property in family structure and lineage continuity
 |author=Robert F. Gray, P. H. Gulliver
 |publisher=Routledge |year=2004 |isbn=0-415-32985-X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mɔɣili maa gbunni polo tiŋgbani maa nyɛla baa ka nyɛ luɣ'shɛli ko'kpɛɣu ni tooi niŋda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book
 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&amp;pg=PA531
 |page=531
 |title=A directory of African wetlands
 |author=R. H. Hughes |author2=J. S. Hughes
 |publisher=IUCN |year=1992
 |isbn=2-88032-949-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Rivers of Angola]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Angola–Democratic Republic of the Congo border]]
[[Category:Border rivers]]</text>
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{{short description|Stream in Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
{{Coord|4.840404|S|18.721991|E|display=title}}
[[File:Kasai River Catchment OSM.png|thumb|The Kwenge River in the Kasai catchment (center left)]]
'''Kwenge Mɔɣili''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Kwenge'') ŋɔ nyɛla kulibɔŋ din be Bandundu yaɣili zaŋ n-ti [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].

Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi [[Angola]], kamani kilomitanima dibaa ayobu zuɣu di nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni Angola mini DRC tiŋgbana tarisi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/4%C2%B050'25.5%22S+18%C2%B043'19.2%22E/@-7.9534875,18.7487729,13.13z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-4.840404!4d18.721991?hl=en|title=Kwenge|website=GoogleMaps|access-date=29 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili bin din gbaai Angola tiŋgbani tarisi zaŋ chaŋ Kwango mini Kwilu yaɣili pɔi ka naayi chirigi [[Kwilu River]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf
 |title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo
 |last=Blaes
 |first=X.
 |date=October 2008
 |publisher=UNOCHA and PNUD
 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818075411/http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf
 |archive-date=2016-08-18
 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Lusanga, bɛ ni daa na mi shɛli Leverville nyɛla din miri  Kwenge mini Kwilu mɔɣa ŋɔ.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf
 |title=M'Bwa na Basenji
 |author=C.J. Warrington
 |work=The Basenji
 |date=May 1972
 |access-date=2012-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tiŋgbani shɛli din be  Kwilu mini Kwenge sunsuuni nyɛla luɣ'shɛli Pende niriba ni daa na be.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.tribal-art-auktion.de/en/news/98/
 |title       = Tribal Treasures
 |date        = August 25, 2011
 |publisher   = Zemanek-Münster
 |access-date  = 2012-02-02
 
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20120817022444/http://www.tribal-art-auktion.de/en/news/98/
 |archive-date = August 17, 2012
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suku niriba ban daa kana lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka daa yina [[Kwango River]] polo yuuni  1800s nyɛla ban be Bakali mini  Kwenge mɔɣa sunsuuni .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book
 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1uFe__DEB4C&amp;pg=PA83
 |page=83
 |title=The family estate in Africa: studies in the role of property in family structure and lineage continuity
 |author=Robert F. Gray, P. H. Gulliver
 |publisher=Routledge |year=2004 |isbn=0-415-32985-X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mɔɣili maa gbunni polo tiŋgbani maa nyɛla baa ka nyɛ luɣ'shɛli ko'kpɛɣu ni tooi niŋda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book
 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&amp;pg=PA531
 |page=531
 |title=A directory of African wetlands
 |author=R. H. Hughes |author2=J. S. Hughes
 |publisher=IUCN |year=1992
 |isbn=2-88032-949-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kundivihira ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Rivers of Angola]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Angola–Democratic Republic of the Congo border]]
[[Category:Border rivers]]</text>
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      <id>140144</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-13T11:16:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
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{{short description|Stream in Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
{{Coord|4.840404|S|18.721991|E|display=title}}
[[File:Kasai River Catchment OSM.png|thumb|The Kwenge River in the Kasai catchment (center left)]]
'''Kwenge Mɔɣili''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Kwenge'') ŋɔ nyɛla kulibɔŋ din be Bandundu yaɣili zaŋ n-ti [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].

Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi [[Angola]], kamani kilomitanima dibaa ayobu zuɣu di nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni Angola mini DRC tiŋgbana tarisi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/4%C2%B050'25.5%22S+18%C2%B043'19.2%22E/@-7.9534875,18.7487729,13.13z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-4.840404!4d18.721991?hl=en|title=Kwenge|website=GoogleMaps|access-date=29 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili bin din gbaai Angola tiŋgbani tarisi zaŋ chaŋ Kwango mini Kwilu yaɣili pɔi ka naayi chirigi [[Kwilu River|Kwilu Mɔɣili]] .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf
 |title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo
 |last=Blaes
 |first=X.
 |date=October 2008
 |publisher=UNOCHA and PNUD
 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818075411/http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf
 |archive-date=2016-08-18
 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Lusanga, bɛ ni daa na mi shɛli Leverville nyɛla din miri  Kwenge mini Kwilu mɔɣa ŋɔ.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf
 |title=M'Bwa na Basenji
 |author=C.J. Warrington
 |work=The Basenji
 |date=May 1972
 |access-date=2012-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tiŋgbani shɛli din be  Kwilu mini Kwenge sunsuuni nyɛla luɣ'shɛli Pende niriba ni daa na be.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.tribal-art-auktion.de/en/news/98/
 |title       = Tribal Treasures
 |date        = August 25, 2011
 |publisher   = Zemanek-Münster
 |access-date  = 2012-02-02
 
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20120817022444/http://www.tribal-art-auktion.de/en/news/98/
 |archive-date = August 17, 2012
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suku niriba ban daa kana lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka daa yina [[Kwango River]] polo yuuni  1800s nyɛla ban be Bakali mini  Kwenge mɔɣa sunsuuni .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book
 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1uFe__DEB4C&amp;pg=PA83
 |page=83
 |title=The family estate in Africa: studies in the role of property in family structure and lineage continuity
 |author=Robert F. Gray, P. H. Gulliver
 |publisher=Routledge |year=2004 |isbn=0-415-32985-X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mɔɣili maa gbunni polo tiŋgbani maa nyɛla baa ka nyɛ luɣ'shɛli ko'kpɛɣu ni tooi niŋda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book
 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&amp;pg=PA531
 |page=531
 |title=A directory of African wetlands
 |author=R. H. Hughes |author2=J. S. Hughes
 |publisher=IUCN |year=1992
 |isbn=2-88032-949-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kundivihira ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Rivers of Angola]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Angola–Democratic Republic of the Congo border]]
[[Category:Border rivers]]</text>
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      <id>140145</id>
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        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
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{{short description|Stream in Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
{{Coord|4.840404|S|18.721991|E|display=title}}
[[File:Kasai River Catchment OSM.png|thumb|The Kwenge River in the Kasai catchment (center left)]]
'''Kwenge Mɔɣili''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Kwenge'') ŋɔ nyɛla kulibɔŋ din be Bandundu yaɣili zaŋ n-ti [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].

Mɔɣili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi [[Angola]], kamani kilomitanima dibaa ayobu zuɣu di nyɛla din pahi di tarisi ni Angola mini DRC tiŋgbana tarisi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/4%C2%B050'25.5%22S+18%C2%B043'19.2%22E/@-7.9534875,18.7487729,13.13z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-4.840404!4d18.721991?hl=en|title=Kwenge|website=GoogleMaps|access-date=29 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili bin din gbaai Angola tiŋgbani tarisi zaŋ chaŋ Kwango mini Kwilu yaɣili pɔi ka naayi chirigi [[Kwilu River|Kwilu Mɔɣili]] .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf
 |title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo
 |last=Blaes
 |first=X.
 |date=October 2008
 |publisher=UNOCHA and PNUD
 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818075411/http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf
 |archive-date=2016-08-18
 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Lusanga, bɛ ni daa na mi shɛli Leverville nyɛla din miri  Kwenge mini Kwilu mɔɣa ŋɔ.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf
 |title=M'Bwa na Basenji
 |author=C.J. Warrington
 |work=The Basenji
 |date=May 1972
 |access-date=2012-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tiŋgbani shɛli din be  Kwilu mini Kwenge sunsuuni nyɛla luɣ'shɛli Pende niriba ni daa na be.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.tribal-art-auktion.de/en/news/98/
 |title       = Tribal Treasures
 |date        = August 25, 2011
 |publisher   = Zemanek-Münster
 |access-date  = 2012-02-02
 
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20120817022444/http://www.tribal-art-auktion.de/en/news/98/
 |archive-date = August 17, 2012
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suku niriba ban daa kana lala yaɣili ŋɔ ka daa yina [[Kwango River|Kwango Mɔɣili]] polo yuuni  1800s nyɛla ban be Bakali mini  Kwenge mɔɣa sunsuuni .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book
 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1uFe__DEB4C&amp;pg=PA83
 |page=83
 |title=The family estate in Africa: studies in the role of property in family structure and lineage continuity
 |author=Robert F. Gray, P. H. Gulliver
 |publisher=Routledge |year=2004 |isbn=0-415-32985-X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mɔɣili maa gbunni polo tiŋgbani maa nyɛla baa ka nyɛ luɣ'shɛli ko'kpɛɣu ni tooi niŋda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book
 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&amp;pg=PA531
 |page=531
 |title=A directory of African wetlands
 |author=R. H. Hughes |author2=J. S. Hughes
 |publisher=IUCN |year=1992
 |isbn=2-88032-949-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kundivihira ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Rivers of Angola]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Angola–Democratic Republic of the Congo border]]
[[Category:Border rivers]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wamba River</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>140133</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T10:52:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
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      <comment>Created article</comment>
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      <text bytes="625" sha1="fn0qp0hrbay6qu5ca5u2bd4x27uxqe1" xml:space="preserve">'''Wamba Mɔɣili''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Wamba'', [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Wamba'') nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) mini [[Angola]]. Di nyɛla din piligi kamani {{convert|3250|ft}}  ka chɛ kulibɔna pam din be Lunda Norte yaɣili zaŋ n-ti [[Angola]], tiŋgbani yaɣ'shɛli din di yi ka zɔya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Wamba river source|url=https://www.google.com/maps/@-8.6307274,18.6293741,9077m/data=!3m1!1e3|website=Google Maps|publisher=Google|accessdate=21 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Angola tiŋgbani puuni bɛ puuni la mɔɣili ŋɔ la '''Uamba Mɔɣili'''.</text>
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      <id>140134</id>
      <parentid>140133</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T10:53:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Updated Content</comment>
      <origin>140134</origin>
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      <text bytes="1567" sha1="5gbuz35my5alvu4ac3zk3h1hks0a7fz" xml:space="preserve">'''Wamba Mɔɣili''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Wamba'', [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Wamba'') nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) mini [[Angola]]. Di nyɛla din piligi kamani {{convert|3250|ft}}  ka chɛ kulibɔna pam din be Lunda Norte yaɣili zaŋ n-ti [[Angola]], tiŋgbani yaɣ'shɛli din di yi ka zɔya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Wamba river source|url=https://www.google.com/maps/@-8.6307274,18.6293741,9077m/data=!3m1!1e3|website=Google Maps|publisher=Google|accessdate=21 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Angola tiŋgbani puuni bɛ puuni la mɔɣili ŋɔ la '''Uamba Mɔɣili'''.

Di nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo, ni ka di pahi di tarisi zaŋ n-ti Angola/DRC tiŋgbana , mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla din jandi Kwango yaɣili zaŋ chaŋ [[Kwango River]] kamani  {{convert|1023|ft}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Wamba, Kwango confluence|url=https://www.google.com/maps/@-3.931379,17.1857107,9181m/data=!3m1!1e3|website=Google maps|publisher=Google|accessdate=21 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Location ==
{{PoI start}}
{{PoI|Angola source|-8.635|18.62083|AO|}}
{{PoI|Angola/DRC border|-8.0625|18.0945|CD|}}
{{PoI|Kwango River confluence|-3.9144|17.1889|CD|}}
{{PoI end}}

==See also==
*[[List of rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
*[[List of rivers of Angola]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Rivers of Angola]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Border rivers]]
[[Category:Angola–Democratic Republic of the Congo border]]</text>
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        <id>2501</id>
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      <comment>Updated Content</comment>
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      <text bytes="1566" sha1="knuk35l7c2di0ci1aj643rtt0i77brm" xml:space="preserve">'''Wamba Mɔɣili''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Wamba'', [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Wamba'') nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) mini [[Angola]]. Di nyɛla din piligi kamani {{convert|3250|ft}}  ka chɛ kulibɔna pam din be Lunda Norte yaɣili zaŋ n-ti [[Angola]], tiŋgbani yaɣ'shɛli din di yi ka zɔya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Wamba river source|url=https://www.google.com/maps/@-8.6307274,18.6293741,9077m/data=!3m1!1e3|website=Google Maps|publisher=Google|accessdate=21 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Angola tiŋgbani puuni bɛ puuni la mɔɣili ŋɔ la '''Uamba Mɔɣili'''.

Di nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo, ni ka di pahi di tarisi zaŋ n-ti Angola/DRC tiŋgbana , mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla din jandi Kwango yaɣili zaŋ chaŋ [[Kwango River]] kamani  {{convert|1023|ft}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Wamba, Kwango confluence|url=https://www.google.com/maps/@-3.931379,17.1857107,9181m/data=!3m1!1e3|website=Google maps|publisher=Google|accessdate=21 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dooshee ==
{{PoI start}}
{{PoI|Angola source|-8.635|18.62083|AO|}}
{{PoI|Angola/DRC border|-8.0625|18.0945|CD|}}
{{PoI|Kwango River confluence|-3.9144|17.1889|CD|}}
{{PoI end}}

==See also==
*[[List of rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
*[[List of rivers of Angola]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Rivers of Angola]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Border rivers]]
[[Category:Angola–Democratic Republic of the Congo border]]</text>
      <sha1>knuk35l7c2di0ci1aj643rtt0i77brm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>140140</id>
      <parentid>140135</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T11:00:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Updated Content</comment>
      <origin>140140</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1572" sha1="k1mwm50kmogv8ponomi45mx6aduh8rr" xml:space="preserve">'''Wamba Mɔɣili''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Wamba'', [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Wamba'') nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) mini [[Angola]]. Di nyɛla din piligi kamani {{convert|3250|ft}}  ka chɛ kulibɔna pam din be Lunda Norte yaɣili zaŋ n-ti [[Angola]], tiŋgbani yaɣ'shɛli din di yi ka zɔya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Wamba river source|url=https://www.google.com/maps/@-8.6307274,18.6293741,9077m/data=!3m1!1e3|website=Google Maps|publisher=Google|accessdate=21 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Angola tiŋgbani puuni bɛ puuni la mɔɣili ŋɔ la '''Uamba Mɔɣili'''.

Di nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo, ni ka di pahi di tarisi zaŋ n-ti Angola/DRC tiŋgbana , mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla din jandi Kwango yaɣili zaŋ chaŋ [[Kwango River]] kamani  {{convert|1023|ft}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Wamba, Kwango confluence|url=https://www.google.com/maps/@-3.931379,17.1857107,9181m/data=!3m1!1e3|website=Google maps|publisher=Google|accessdate=21 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dooshee ==
{{PoI start}}
{{PoI|Angola source|-8.635|18.62083|AO|}}
{{PoI|Angola/DRC border|-8.0625|18.0945|CD|}}
{{PoI|Kwango River confluence|-3.9144|17.1889|CD|}}
{{PoI end}}

==Lihimi m pahi ==
*[[List of rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
*[[List of rivers of Angola]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Rivers of Angola]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Border rivers]]
[[Category:Angola–Democratic Republic of the Congo border]]</text>
      <sha1>k1mwm50kmogv8ponomi45mx6aduh8rr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>140141</id>
      <parentid>140140</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T11:00:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Updated Content</comment>
      <origin>140141</origin>
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      <text bytes="1574" sha1="oz45ewftsl91quyptry3fv1vcg8ik9q" xml:space="preserve">'''Wamba Mɔɣili''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Wamba'', [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Wamba'') nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) mini [[Angola]]. Di nyɛla din piligi kamani {{convert|3250|ft}}  ka chɛ kulibɔna pam din be Lunda Norte yaɣili zaŋ n-ti [[Angola]], tiŋgbani yaɣ'shɛli din di yi ka zɔya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Wamba river source|url=https://www.google.com/maps/@-8.6307274,18.6293741,9077m/data=!3m1!1e3|website=Google Maps|publisher=Google|accessdate=21 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Angola tiŋgbani puuni bɛ puuni la mɔɣili ŋɔ la '''Uamba Mɔɣili'''.

Di nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo, ni ka di pahi di tarisi zaŋ n-ti Angola/DRC tiŋgbana , mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla din jandi Kwango yaɣili zaŋ chaŋ [[Kwango River]] kamani  {{convert|1023|ft}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Wamba, Kwango confluence|url=https://www.google.com/maps/@-3.931379,17.1857107,9181m/data=!3m1!1e3|website=Google maps|publisher=Google|accessdate=21 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dooshee ==
{{PoI start}}
{{PoI|Angola source|-8.635|18.62083|AO|}}
{{PoI|Angola/DRC border|-8.0625|18.0945|CD|}}
{{PoI|Kwango River confluence|-3.9144|17.1889|CD|}}
{{PoI end}}

==Lihimi m pahi ==
*[[List of rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
*[[List of rivers of Angola]]

==Kundivihira ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Rivers of Angola]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Border rivers]]
[[Category:Angola–Democratic Republic of the Congo border]]</text>
      <sha1>oz45ewftsl91quyptry3fv1vcg8ik9q</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>140142</id>
      <parentid>140141</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-13T11:02:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
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      <comment>Updated Content</comment>
      <origin>140142</origin>
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      <text bytes="1590" sha1="p3zurzxf6roacmxjxozrxxtwd0bpsx8" xml:space="preserve">'''Wamba Mɔɣili''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Wamba'', [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Wamba'') nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) mini [[Angola]]. Di nyɛla din piligi kamani {{convert|3250|ft}}  ka chɛ kulibɔna pam din be Lunda Norte yaɣili zaŋ n-ti [[Angola]], tiŋgbani yaɣ'shɛli din di yi ka zɔya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Wamba river source|url=https://www.google.com/maps/@-8.6307274,18.6293741,9077m/data=!3m1!1e3|website=Google Maps|publisher=Google|accessdate=21 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Angola tiŋgbani puuni bɛ puuni la mɔɣili ŋɔ la '''Uamba Mɔɣili'''.

Di nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo, ni ka di pahi di tarisi zaŋ n-ti Angola/DRC tiŋgbana , mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla din jandi Kwango yaɣili zaŋ chaŋ [[Kwango River|Kwango Mɔɣili]] kamani  {{convert|1023|ft}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Wamba, Kwango confluence|url=https://www.google.com/maps/@-3.931379,17.1857107,9181m/data=!3m1!1e3|website=Google maps|publisher=Google|accessdate=21 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dooshee ==
{{PoI start}}
{{PoI|Angola source|-8.635|18.62083|AO|}}
{{PoI|Angola/DRC border|-8.0625|18.0945|CD|}}
{{PoI|Kwango River confluence|-3.9144|17.1889|CD|}}
{{PoI end}}

==Lihimi m pahi ==
*[[List of rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
*[[List of rivers of Angola]]

==Kundivihira ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Rivers of Angola]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Border rivers]]
[[Category:Angola–Democratic Republic of the Congo border]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-13T11:03:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kalakpagh</username>
        <id>2501</id>
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      <comment>added databox</comment>
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      <text bytes="1602" sha1="7d6x7ndhis8aytcixnrqqxwzi6mhyfp" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Wamba Mɔɣili''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Rivière Wamba'', [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Rio Wamba'') nyɛla mɔɣili din be [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) mini [[Angola]]. Di nyɛla din piligi kamani {{convert|3250|ft}}  ka chɛ kulibɔna pam din be Lunda Norte yaɣili zaŋ n-ti [[Angola]], tiŋgbani yaɣ'shɛli din di yi ka zɔya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Wamba river source|url=https://www.google.com/maps/@-8.6307274,18.6293741,9077m/data=!3m1!1e3|website=Google Maps|publisher=Google|accessdate=21 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Angola tiŋgbani puuni bɛ puuni la mɔɣili ŋɔ la '''Uamba Mɔɣili'''.

Di nyɛla din zɔri kpari wulinpuhili polo, ni ka di pahi di tarisi zaŋ n-ti Angola/DRC tiŋgbana , mɔɣili ŋɔ waɣilim nyɛla din jandi Kwango yaɣili zaŋ chaŋ [[Kwango River|Kwango Mɔɣili]] kamani  {{convert|1023|ft}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Wamba, Kwango confluence|url=https://www.google.com/maps/@-3.931379,17.1857107,9181m/data=!3m1!1e3|website=Google maps|publisher=Google|accessdate=21 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dooshee ==
{{PoI start}}
{{PoI|Angola source|-8.635|18.62083|AO|}}
{{PoI|Angola/DRC border|-8.0625|18.0945|CD|}}
{{PoI|Kwango River confluence|-3.9144|17.1889|CD|}}
{{PoI end}}

==Lihimi m pahi ==
*[[List of rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
*[[List of rivers of Angola]]

==Kundivihira ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Rivers of Angola]]
[[Category:International rivers of Africa]]
[[Category:Border rivers]]
[[Category:Angola–Democratic Republic of the Congo border]]</text>
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This template may be used as a table-column or table-row header for columns of coordinates using the {{tl|coord}} template.
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[[Category:Geography templates]]
[[Category:Table templates]]
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;|- class=&quot;vcard&quot; |class=&quot;fn org&quot;|{{{1}}} |{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{coord|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}|region:{{{4}}}_type:landmark|name={{delink|{{{name|{{{1}}}}}}}}|display={{{display|inline}}}}}}}}} |class=&quot;note&quot;|{{{5}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt; {{template doc}} &lt;/noinclude&gt; {{#if: {{{display|}}}|&lt;includeonly&gt;[[Category:Wikipedia Cleanup: template PoI display parameter present]]&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;strong&gt;[[File:Stop hand icon.svg|40px]]{{red|The ''display'' parameter...&quot;</comment>
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