Wikipiideɛ dgawiki https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Gamp%C9%9Bl%C9%9B_zu MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.8 first-letter Duoro bimbu zie Be o yoŋ Yeli Toma daana Toma daana yeli Wikipedia Wikipedia yeli Duoro kɔre Duoro kɔre yeli MediaWiki MediaWiki yeli Tɛmpileti Tɛmpileti yeli Sombo Sombo yeli Gbuli Gbuli yeli TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 77 51894 30990 2025-07-05T13:12:30Z John Kugbie 1182 51894 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Namalneɛ deɛbaŋ gyeɛlebo''' e la zie na yɛlɛ naŋ piili e, ane o wagere. A paabo zie a [[dēɛbaŋ]] gane ŋa poɔ e la Dagawɛŋ, [[Uonii(dry season)|uoni]] saŋa. A sɛgerɛ wuli la yɛlɛ min naŋ e bee yɛlɛ mine a [[dēɛdeɛmɛ]] min naŋ manne wuli ka Dagaweɛŋ uoni saŋa la ka a yɛlɛ ama e, aseŋ a dēɛdeɛnɛ kaŋa (Kyiruu) naŋ yeli puliŋ kyɛ “a na wa ta ŋaa mɔɔ la ka fo ba la baŋ dãã zu nyuuroo bee? Kyɛ deɛ la nyuuro vi kõɔ” ŋaa ka Maaleko da yeli saŋa na o pɔge (Tɔlagma) naŋ da wane dãã ka o eŋ o ane Naayie a dēɛtutaaloŋ dendɛŋ poɔ. Kyɛ te zaa meŋ baŋa ka ka ka fooŋ pore [[Daga Dãã|Dagadãã]] [[yuori]] ziezaa kyɛ neɛ zaa maŋ teɛre la [[Dagaaba]] yɛlɛ. A wagere a dēɛbaŋ ŋa poɔ e la uoni bonso, a sɛgerɛ wuli la ziiri mine yɛlɛ na e bee a dēɛdeɛmɛ mine yele yɛlɛ a wuli ka uoni saŋa la. Aseŋ; Maaleko naŋ da zɔɔrɔ ne o bidɔɔ Aŋkaabale a yele “Boŋ kɔɔ zagre a kɛkɛrɛɛ Gbaaloo kyɛ are er'a be?”. Ŋaa ka Maaleko da yeli ba naŋ da gaa weɛ kɛkɛrɛɛ gbaaloo. (A dēɛtutaaloŋ ata poɔ). A yi a saazu yelyaga ama puoriŋ, te na la nyɛ la zie kaŋa a dēɛbaŋ gane ŋa poɔ, a dēɛdeɛnɛ kaŋa meŋ naŋ yeli yɛlɛ kyaare ne Dagaaba laŋkpeɛbo yel-erɛ mine aseŋ, Maayeli naŋ yeli “kɛkɛrɛɛ kyɛbe, kyɛ k'a zie waa lige, maa eŋ kontõɔ yɛ zilige na poɔ “. (A dēɛtutaaloŋ anuu poɔ ). Saŋa na Akonwɛ naŋ toŋ o ka o te kyɔŋ vūū wa ko o. A Yelnyɔgeraa (Theme ) Yelnyɔgeraa e la a [[yelnimizeɛ]] bee a yɛlɛ na zēɛ a dēɛbaŋ poɔ. A dēɛbaŋ ŋa (Namalneɛ ) poɔ. Yɛlɛ yaga eɛɛ la kyaare a dēɛdeɛmɛ mine naŋ zēɛ. Ka a baaraa zaa ka a mine te leɛ miiruŋ kaŋa kpɛ, ka a faa zie meŋ gba te yi ne kŭŭ a gane ŋa poɔ. Kyɛ a yelnyɔgeraa kaŋa naŋ maaleŋ e nimizeɛ ko te ka te boɔrɔ ka te gyɛle kaa la “Dɔgɛɛ bee Bikpeebɛdɔgɛɛ”. A dēɛbaŋ gane ŋa poɔ, te nyɛɛ la ka gbɛɛ yaga a dēɛdeɛn-karaa maŋ tasɔgɔŋ korɔ la o dataa dɔgeroŋ aseŋ, Maaleko na maŋ e ka beene kpɛ Aŋkaabale o naŋ waa bikpeebɛ zuiŋ. Te zaa nyɛ la zie na Aŋkaabale eŋɛ naŋ tole te gaali ka o fãã gu kyɛ koŋ boɔle ne o saa ane o ma kpeemɛ ka ba wa faa o woore. Aseŋ a puliŋ kyɛ yelyaga. “Abaa n Daana Naaŋmene! Nyɛ ma woore wɛ! N saamine ne n mamine. Yɛ kye be la a ba la nyɛrɛ meŋ be? “Ŋaa ka o da koŋ boɔle Naaŋmene ne nembaaloŋ a dēɛtutaaloŋ ata o duul-dendeŋ poɔ. “ yɛ yɛŋ faare ma n woore ŋaŋ “. Ayi a lɛ puori, te nyɛɛ la ka nembataabo la maŋ veɛŋ ka neɛ maŋ ta sɔgɔŋ dire dɔgɛɛ. Aseŋ, a dēɛbaŋ ŋa poɔ, Aŋkaabale dɔgereba zaa naŋ kpi kyɛ kyɛre o bare ka o ba la taa neɛ zaa na dɛle. A mine koni la ka o la koŋ a kyɛ. “A yiri ŋa poɔ, maa eŋ daŋ ba e yelzaa ne emmaaroŋ. Pampana ŋa, gbaŋgbaare gba, kyɛ ba meŋ maŋ tõɔ e la ba suuri yeli Aa! Nembataaneɛ la maŋ nyɛrɛɛ laademee” Te zaa baŋ ka o boɔbo naane a lɛ kyɛ o ba taa kpateɛrɛ. O maŋ nyɔge la omeŋa a eŋ kookere a na pɛle o sããkpeɛ ane o pɔge Tɔlagma poore , kyɛ ka a zaa e samafuu ka o kpele naŋ tolɔ. [[Category:Dagaare]] [[Category:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] n1t2p2fqht1jxui0yavr1hix6zwpvai 0 335 51860 18573 2025-07-05T12:00:37Z Naah Philipo 28 Some spellings 51860 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Charia]] e la tembile naŋ be a ɔppa Wɛɛse teŋkpoŋ ŋa ba naŋ boɔlɔ Wa.Charia neŋ Wa tɔɔre eeɛ aŋa kilometre anu(5).Charia taala gyamaa aŋa turi pie, a noba ŋa mine e la yɛrre, krita-biiri ane bagemaaleba. Ba tonnoɛ mine la koɔbo, meɛbo, goɔlo, zoma nyɔro amk. == Charia Taala Zenoɛ Gyamaa == Charia taala zenoɔ gyamaa ka ane la ; Gbare,zomakyɛre,Pɔgebayirig,Goŋomuni,Gɔɔ,Gyɛremoɔyiri, a na noba ŋa la dire naaloŋ kyɛ ka Nyaaha a meŋ neŋ Kyisaala e a tendemee.Kperihi meŋ neŋ pɔntarayiree waa la Kalebee kyɛ zeŋ a Charia poɔ. == Charia Teebo/Bagere Yuori == A Yiri ŋa taala ba teebo/bagere(gods) ba naŋ boɔlɔ o ka '''Bakyɔ''' == Sakue Naŋ Be Charia Poɔ == Charia taa la peramɛre sakue ata(3), gyuneɛ haae sakue ata(3), bibibiiri sakuue (3)ane seneɛ haae sakuuri ŋa ba naŋ boɔlɔ "T.I Ahmadiya". == Asibiti == Asibiti(clinic) be la Charia poɔ. Ka neɛ are leɛ o niŋe kyaare Loho seŋ na. == Porintiisa == porintiisa(police station) be la a yiri poɔ. 2291de6ceau109cf774h5uys2chzz0f 0 344 51865 5043 2025-07-05T12:18:24Z Naah Philipo 28 Add info 51865 wikitext text/x-wiki '''<u>^{Lawyer Clement Eledi}</u>''' <u>^;</u> [[File:ClementEledi.png|thumb]] '''Clement Eledi'''<ref>https://gbaportal.org/locator/lawyers/872</ref> e la lɔɔya naŋ yi '''[[Wa]]- [[Charia]]'''[[Charia|.]] Yibile kaŋa naŋ be a ɔppa Wɛɛse teŋkpoŋ ŋa ba naŋ boɔlɔ '''[[Wa|Wa.]]''' Kilomitari anu(5) naŋ tage yi '''[[Wa]].''' O waa la lɔɔya kpoŋ naŋ toŋ lɔɔya toma yuoŋ piita ane anu(35years). Pampana o yuo la o meŋa lɔɔyɛɛ tontonzie a eŋ o yuori ka "'''[[Eledi Law Consult PRUC|Eledi law consult PRUC"]]''' a Wa lombori ŋa ba naŋ boɔlɔ '''[[Kpaguri|Kpaguri.]]'''<ref name=":1">https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Nobody-will-build-Upper-West-Region-for-us-Clement-Eledi-1192210</ref> == Eledi Lɔɔya Toma Zie Yuobo Saŋa == "Eledi law consult PRUC" <ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/clement-eledi-0343a362?originalSubdomain=gh</ref>waɛ ka o soŋ a [[Upper West Region|Ɔppa Wɛɛse]] deme ba awombu saŋa. Lɔɔya Clement Eledi lɔɔyɛɛ tontonzie ŋa yuo la Yɔdaare(Saturday) 30/07/2022 poɔ. <ref name=":0">https://upperwestmedia.net</ref>A "'''Upper West regional Minister" Dr. Hafiz Bin Salih''' sage ko la a lɔɔyɛɛ tontozie ŋa Clement Eledi naŋ di wa [[Upper West Region|Ɔppa Wɛɛse]] paaloŋ poɔ.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Lɔɔya Eledi Sakuuri Gaabo == '''Lɔɔya Clement Eledi''' gaa la o peramɛre sakuu ane gyuneɛ haae sakuu '''Charia''' poɔ. A gaa o seneɛ haae sakuu '''Nandom''' poɔ a yuoni poɔ '''1979 poɔ.''' Sɛre ka o gaa '''Tamale sɛkondiri sakuu''' a te di o " '''Advance Level Certificate'''". A yi be gaa sakuu kpoŋ ŋa ba naŋ boɔlɔ '''"University of Ghana'''" te zanne lɔɔyɛɛ. O da e la " '''Deputy Agric Minister" a Ghana yidaandɔɔ John Kufuor naaloŋ saŋa.'''<ref>https://upperwestmedia.net/uw-lawyer-eledi-outdoors-his-law-firm-in-wa/</ref> == Meŋɛ Soɔbo Lɔɔ Toma Zie == A lɔɔya Clement Eledi lɔɔ tontonzie(Eledi Law Consult PRUC) ŋa la lɔɔ tontonziiri ayi suba naŋ kpɛ [[Upper East Region|Ɔppa Wɛɛse]] naa paaloŋ poɔ. == Sommo Yizie == [[Category:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Category:Dɔɔ]] [[Category:Dɔɔloŋ]] [[Category:Africa]] [[Category:Ghana]] [[Category:West Africa]] <references /> [[Category:Dagaare]] p70mmvjg7htq2qepdu8maokzngiw89y 0 441 51864 47179 2025-07-05T12:17:17Z Mary Loor 55 /* Ŋmeɛbo zie */ 51864 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dagaaba]] taa la boŋŋmeɛre parɛɛ yaga ka ba maŋ ŋmɛ noɔ saŋa bee tuo saŋa. Amine maŋ boɔle la noba laŋ taa te seŋ tumpaani. Ba maŋ ŋmɛ la mine ka [[Seɛre Yiele|seɛre]] gore te seŋ [[gyile]], koɔre, dali, gaŋgaa ane amine taaba na. A boŋŋmeɛre ama mine maŋ baŋ laŋ taa ŋmɛ la te seŋ; gyile, koɔre ane gaŋgaa. == Koɔre == [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Keteltrom van kalebas TMnr 3903-103.jpg|thumb|Koɔre]] E la Dagaaba boŋŋmeɛra kaŋa na maŋ poɔ ka gyile taa toolere. Ba ba ŋmeɛrɛ koɔre o yoŋ. [[Gɔbaa]] naŋ baŋ o ŋmeɛbo la maŋ ŋmɛ o ka o noma. == Gaŋgaa == [[File:Drummer displaying 2.jpg|left|thumb|Gaŋgaa]] o e la Dagaaba boŋŋmɛeraa kaŋa. Ba maŋ baŋ ŋmɛ la o yoŋ seɛ bee a kɔɔ kɔɔre gba. Gbɛɛ yaga pɔgba la maŋ ŋmɛerɛ o. == Gyile == [[File:(Xylophone) Centro Histórico Quito.JPG|thumb|gyili]] == '''Ŋmane Ne Kapiri''' == '''Ŋmane Ne Kapiri:''' e la boŋŋmɛteɛ kaŋa ba naŋ maŋ de wagyɛ biŋ a de ŋmane a vɔgele pɔge a pãã ŋmeɛrɛ. Ka a naŋ wa lantaa ba maŋ boɔle a la Bintiri. Ka a kɔkɔre pãã e Bintim bintim, Popeɛloŋ yee, Bintim bintim popeɛloŋ. Gbɛɛ yaŋa pɔgepaalaa diibo saŋa la ka ba maŋ ŋmeɛrɛ a, pɔgeba lambo zie deɛne meŋ ba maŋ ŋmeɛrɛ a la. Tenne ba naŋ ŋmeɛrɛ a la Kagekpere, Gboluŋ Sisaali paaloŋ. == '''Loŋŋo''' == '''Loŋŋo''' e la daa ba naŋ maŋ ŋmaa a pɛne kyɛ nyɛɛre a poɔ a de naagane ane mie a wo ne a pãã ŋmeɛrɛ. Ba maŋ de eŋ la bee pɛgele la baaluuriŋ a kyɛ ŋmeɛrɛ, a kɔkɔre maŋ maŋ la; == O Kɔkɔre La == Te na wa Te na seɛŋ Te na diŋ Te na kuliŋ. Gbɛɛ yaga deɛne zie bee naa bimbo saŋa la ka ba maŋ ŋmeɛrɛ a, ziiri mine meŋ ka neŋkpoŋ bee tendaana wa kpi, ba maŋ baŋ ŋmɛ o la. Tenne ba naŋ ŋmeɛrɛ a la kaleo, kagekpere deme. == Gbambiri == '''Gbambir'''i; e la Dagaaba deɛ deɛ boŋ boŋŋmeɛraa kaŋa baŋ naŋ maŋ de davere ane koŋkolee gaalo zage ɔɔrɔba,sepoosiri ane mie maale ne. Gbɛɛ yaga deɛne zie la ka Dagaaba maŋ ŋmeɛrɛ gbambiri. O taa la kɔkɔrɛɛ anaare aseŋ, kɔkɔre weliweli, kɔkɔsogɔ,kɔkɔzuluŋ ane kɔkɔgbɔge. A kɔkɔre zaa maŋ taa la lɛ o naŋ seŋ ka o gaale a seŋe neŋ a yieluŋ naŋ sagera lɛ. Gbambiri e la boŋŋmɛ-teɛre bilii mineDagaaba deɛne poɔ. == Tere / kɔkɔre / Yelbie == Yɛlɛ la ko o maŋ sɔrɔ lɛ na o naŋ maŋ ŋmeɛrɛ la koo maŋ yele. Aseŋ Mba Amatus Dabuo naŋ da maŋ ŋmeɛrɛ kyɛ yiele lɛ na. O e la gɔɔloŋ. == Ŋmeɛbo zie == Deɛne zie, Tigri zie, Daapoɔ, Kuorizie ane Ŋmendie poɔ. *Tenne, na mine ba naŋ kyaara ŋmeɛrɛ gbambiri la, Daffiama Konzokalaa, Busie, Fian ane a mine kaŋa. == Tumpaani == '''Tumpaani;''' e la gaŋga-kparre ba naŋ maŋ de na-gane ane dabɔgere ayi maale, nenyeni la maŋ ŋmeɛrɛ o. Dabil-gori ayi la ka ba maŋ de ŋmeɛ o. O maŋ kono/ sagere la weli weli / gbɔge o ŋmeɛbo saŋa. Gbɛɛ yaga naa la maŋ kpi ka ba de moɔle ne o kuori / neŋkpoŋ naŋ kpi a teŋɛ poɔ. == Tenne / kɔkɔre /Yelbie == '' Yɛ zo biri biri! '' '' Yɛ zo biri biri !'' ''Dɔɔ la gaŋ nyaaŋegalaŋ'' ''Yɛ zo'' == Ŋmeɛbo zie == Kuori zie, Tigri zie, zɔɔre zie ane a mine kaŋa. == Teŋa/ Tenne == Wechiau naa paaloŋ aseŋ, Kandew, Tokali, Tan-vaare ane Dorimo. == Tolenleŋ == Tolenleŋ;, e la [[Dagaaba]] boŋŋmɛteɛ nimmizeɛ kaŋa ba naŋ maŋ ŋmeɛrɛ. Kuri la ka ba de maaloo, a meɛrɛ maŋ eŋ la bogi o poɔŋ ka o na baŋ koŋ gaa tɔɔre. O maŋ waa ŋa fulii die na Kyɛ pãã e bonyeni / bonkpara ka a ŋmeɛrɛ maŋ baŋ de eŋ o nu yeni poɔ kyɛ de dabile / kuri- bile ŋmeɛrɛ neŋ. A yuori yi la a bon kuori eŋɛ, lɛ o naŋ maŋ kono na lɛ ka ba kaa kyɛ eŋ a [[Yuori -Noun|yuori]] '''''tolenleŋ''''' Kuribo naŋ waa Dagaaba tone noɔre na ba meŋ maŋ baŋ e o la. == Ŋmeɛbo zie == Gbɛɛ yaga ka ba naŋ wa taa lammbo zaa naa yiri poɔ o na ka ba maŋ de moɔle boɔle a yiri noba ka ba maŋ laŋtaa ka ba na ŋmɛ duoro yaare. Dagapaaloŋ ka fooŋ wa woŋ a tolenleŋ ŋa kuori zisoɔree moɔla la ka ba moɔla. Gbɛɛ yaga noba mine maŋ baŋ de la ana tolenleŋ ŋa a yeli yɛlɛ korɔ ba boɔbo. Noba naŋ taa boɔbo maŋ sage de la ka ba ŋmemɛ maŋ wono la a yelbie na banaŋ maŋ ŋmeɛrɛ na. Dagaaba maŋ baŋ de la a tolenleŋ ŋa deɛn ne pɔge paalaa deɛmmo. Gbɛɛ yaga Dagaaba ziiri mine ka ba naŋ wa de pɔge paalaa ba maŋ de o la deɛne ne deɛmo ŋa ba maŋ de la o yoŋ / ka aba de boŋŋmɛteɛ mine paale, aseŋ, wulee, koɔre, loŋŋo a. m.k. Ka ba naŋ wa erɛ Simma.Gbɛɛ yaga ba maŋ baŋ ŋmeɛrɛ la a tolenleŋ ŋa ennɛ a Simma ka a seɛrɛ. == Tolenleŋ kɔkɔre / Tere / Yelbie == Ka fooŋ na ŋmɛ o, deɛ maŋ kono la aŋa O na '' tolenleŋ, tolenleŋ, tolenleŋ '' D.Teŋa / Tenne Issa, Kojokperi, Tabiasi, Wogu, Bussia ane a.m.k. == Pamgbori == '''Pamgbori,''' e la Dagaaba boŋŋmɛteɛ kaŋa ziiri mine Dagaweɛŋ ba naŋ maŋ ŋmɛ kuori zie / tigri zie ka gyile ba wa kyebe. Teŋkpoŋ naŋ taa bogi la ka ba maŋ kyɛ ŋmaa de pɛnne a boŋŋmeɛraa ŋa. Gbɛɛ yaga ka fooŋ gaa Dagaaba yie mine poore, ba maŋ de la a pamgbori boŋŋmeɛraa ŋa ka o leɛ panne ka ba maŋ pɔge ba dendɔɛ ane nazagere. == O Kɔkɔre == A pamgbori konni yelbie mine ba naŋ maŋ ŋmeɛrɛ ka o kono la ama. ''A zie saŋ na pɔgelee wa kyɛŋ'' Saayiri ba wa, a zie saŋ na pɔgesaare Wa kyɛŋ saayiri ba wa! A yelmenne ŋmene a zie saŋ na A pamgbori naŋ ba taa o meŋɛ [[kɔkɔre]], a lɛ zuiŋ [[yiele]] yelbie la ka ba maŋ ŋmeɛrɛ ka o sagere. == Ŋmeɛbo zie == Ka neɛ kpi Tanchara paaloŋ naŋ be Babile poɔ, ka anaŋ wa kyaare ba zisaŋ daare kyiiruŋ la ka ba ŋmɛ gyile / gaŋgaare lɛ zuiŋ a pamgbori la ka ba maŋ de ka o leɛre a gyile ka ba ŋmɛ a maale a kuori. Gbɛɛ yaga, ziiri mine te seŋ kɔkɔsusu ane a tenne mine naŋ villi a Tanchara paaloŋ, ba maŋ ŋmɛ la a pamgbori a de seɛ ne tigri kaŋa ba naŋ maŋ di ka ba boɔlɔ Dɔrɔ ka gyile ba wa kyebe. == Teŋa / Tenne == Tenne mine ba naŋ maŋ ŋmɛ pamgbori la Babile Tanchara, Kopaaloŋ,Kɔrɔ Kumasaali, Gbeliŋkaa ane a .m.k. Dagaaba boŋŋmeɛre Dagaaba taa la boŋŋmeɛre parɛɛ yaga ka ba maŋ ŋmɛ noɔ saŋa bee tuo saŋa. Amine maŋ boɔle la noba laŋ taa te seŋ tumpaani. Ba maŋ ŋmɛ la mine ka seɛre gore te seŋ gyile, koɔre, dali, gaŋgaa ane amine taaba na. A boŋŋmeɛre ama mine maŋ baŋ laŋ taa ŋmɛ la te seŋ; gyile, koɔre ane gaŋgaa. Koɔre Koɔre E la Dagaaba boŋŋmeɛra kaŋa na maŋ poɔ ka gyile taa toolere. Ba ba ŋmeɛrɛ koɔre o yoŋ. Gɔbaa naŋ baŋ o ŋmeɛbo la maŋ ŋmɛ o ka o noma. Gaŋgaa Gaŋgaa o e la Dagaaba boŋŋmɛeraa kaŋa. Ba maŋ baŋ ŋmɛ la o yoŋ seɛ bee a kɔɔ kɔɔre gba. Gbɛɛ yaga pɔgba la maŋ ŋmɛerɛ o. Gyile gyili Ŋmane Ne Kapiri Ŋmane Ne Kapiri: e la boŋŋmɛteɛ kaŋa ba naŋ maŋ de wagyɛ biŋ a de ŋmane a vɔgele pɔge a pãã ŋmeɛrɛ. Ka a naŋ wa lantaa ba maŋ boɔle a la Bintiri. Ka a kɔkɔre pãã e Bintim bintim, Popeɛloŋ yee, Bintim bintim popeɛloŋ. Gbɛɛ yaŋa pɔgepaalaa diibo saŋa la ka ba maŋ ŋmeɛrɛ a, pɔgeba lambo zie deɛne meŋ ba maŋ ŋmeɛrɛ a la. Tenne ba naŋ ŋmeɛrɛ a la Kagekpere, Gboluŋ Sisaali paaloŋ. Loŋŋo Loŋŋo e la daa ba naŋ maŋ ŋmaa a pɛne kyɛ nyɛɛre a poɔ a de naagane ane mie a wo ne a pãã ŋmeɛrɛ. Ba maŋ de eŋ la bee pɛgele la baaluuriŋ a kyɛ ŋmeɛrɛ, a kɔkɔre maŋ maŋ la; O Kɔkɔre La Te na wa Te na seɛŋ Te na diŋ Te na kuliŋ. Gbɛɛ yaga deɛne zie bee naa bimbo saŋa la ka ba maŋ ŋmeɛrɛ a, ziiri mine meŋ ka neŋkpoŋ bee tendaana wa kpi, ba maŋ baŋ ŋmɛ o la. Tenne ba naŋ ŋmeɛrɛ a la kaleo, kagekpere deme. Gbambiri Gbambiri; e la Dagaaba deɛ deɛ boŋ boŋŋmeɛraa kaŋa baŋ naŋ maŋ de davere ane koŋkolee gaalo zage ɔɔrɔba,sepoosiri ane mie maale ne. Gbɛɛ yaga deɛne zie la ka Dagaaba maŋ ŋmeɛrɛ gbambiri. O taa la kɔkɔrɛɛ anaare aseŋ, kɔkɔre weliweli, kɔkɔsogɔ,kɔkɔzuluŋ ane kɔkɔgbɔge. A kɔkɔre zaa maŋ taa la lɛ o naŋ seŋ ka o gaale a seŋe neŋ a yieluŋ naŋ sagera lɛ. Gbambiri e la boŋŋmɛ-teɛre bilii mineDagaaba deɛne poɔ. Tere / kɔkɔre / Yelbie Yɛlɛ la ko o maŋ sɔrɔ lɛ na o naŋ maŋ ŋmeɛrɛ la koo maŋ yele. Aseŋ Mba Amatus Dabuo naŋ da maŋ ŋmeɛrɛ kyɛ yiele lɛ na. O e la gɔɔloŋ. Ŋmeɛbo zie Deɛne zie, Tigri zie, Daapoɔ, Kuorizie ane Ŋmendie poɔ. Tenne, na mine ba naŋ kyaara ŋmeɛrɛ gbambiri la, Daffiama Konzokalaa, Busie, Fian ane a mine kaŋa. Tumpaani Tumpaani; e la gaŋga-kparre ba naŋ maŋ de na-gane ane dabɔgere ayi maale, nenyeni la maŋ ŋmeɛrɛ o. Dabil-gori ayi la ka ba maŋ de ŋmeɛ o. O maŋ kono/ sagere la weli weli / gbɔge o ŋmeɛbo saŋa. Gbɛɛ yaga naa la maŋ kpi ka ba de moɔle ne o kuori / neŋkpoŋ naŋ kpi a teŋɛ poɔ. Tenne / kɔkɔre /Yelbie Yɛ zo biri biri! Yɛ zo biri biri ! Dɔɔ la gaŋ nyaŋgalaŋ Yɛ zo Ŋmeɛbo zie Kuori zie, Tigri zie, zɔɔre zie ane a mine kaŋa. Teŋa/ Tenne Wechiau naa paaloŋ aseŋ, Kandew, Tokali, Tan-vaare ane Dorimo. Tolenleŋ Tolenleŋ;, e la Dagaaba boŋŋmɛteɛ nimmizeɛ kaŋa ba naŋ maŋ ŋmeɛrɛ. Kuri la ka ba de maaloo, a meɛrɛ maŋ eŋ la bogi o poɔŋ ka o na baŋ koŋ gaa tɔɔre. O maŋ waa ŋa fulii die na Kyɛ pãã e bonyeni / bonkpara ka a ŋmeɛrɛ maŋ baŋ de eŋ o nu yeni poɔ kyɛ de dabile / kuri- bile ŋmeɛrɛ neŋ. A yuori yi la a bon kuori eŋɛ, lɛ o naŋ maŋ kono na lɛ ka ba kaa kyɛ eŋ a yuori tolenleŋ Kuribo naŋ waa Dagaaba tone noɔre na ba meŋ maŋ baŋ e o la. Ŋmeɛbo zie Gbɛɛ yaga ka ba naŋ wa taa lammbo zaa naa yiri poɔ o na ka ba maŋ de moɔle boɔle a yiri noba ka ba maŋ laŋtaa ka ba na ŋmɛ duoro yaare. Dagapaaloŋ ka fooŋ wa woŋ a tolenleŋ ŋa kuori zisoɔree moɔla la ka ba moɔla. Gbɛɛ yaga noba mine maŋ baŋ de la ana tolenleŋ ŋa a yeli yɛlɛ korɔ ba boɔbo. Noba naŋ taa boɔbo maŋ sage de la ka ba ŋmemɛ maŋ wono la a yelbie na banaŋ maŋ ŋmeɛrɛ na. Dagaaba maŋ baŋ de la a tolenleŋ ŋa deɛn ne pɔge paalaa deɛmmo. Gbɛɛ yaga Dagaaba ziiri mine ka ba naŋ wa de pɔge paalaa ba maŋ de o la deɛne ne deɛmo ŋa ba maŋ de la o yoŋ / ka aba de boŋŋmɛteɛ mine paale, aseŋ, wulee, koɔre, loŋŋo a. m.k. Ka ba naŋ wa erɛ Simma.Gbɛɛ yaga ba maŋ baŋ ŋmeɛrɛ la a tolenleŋ ŋa ennɛ a Simma ka a seɛrɛ. Tolenleŋ kɔkɔre / Tere / Yelbie Ka fooŋ na ŋmɛ o, deɛ maŋ kono la aŋa O na tolenleŋ, tolenleŋ, tolenleŋ D.Teŋa / Tenne Issa, Kojokperi, Tabiasi, Wogu, Bussia ane a.m.k. Pamgbori Pamgbori, e la Dagaaba boŋŋmɛteɛ kaŋa ziiri mine Dagaweɛŋ ba naŋ maŋ ŋmɛ kuori zie / tigri zie ka gyile ba wa kyebe. Teŋkpoŋ naŋ taa bogi la ka ba maŋ kyɛ ŋmaa de pɛnne a boŋŋmeɛraa ŋa. Gbɛɛ yaga ka fooŋ gaa Dagaaba yie mine poore, ba maŋ de la a pamgbori boŋŋmeɛraa ŋa ka o leɛ panne ka ba maŋ pɔge ba dendɔɛ ane nazagere. O Kɔkɔre A pamgbori konni yelbie mine ba naŋ maŋ ŋmeɛrɛ ka o kono la ama. A zie saŋ na pɔgelee wa kyɛŋ Saayiri ba wa, a zie saŋ na pɔgesaare Wa kyɛŋ saayiri ba wa! A yelmenne ŋmene a zie saŋ na A pamgbori naŋ ba taa o meŋɛ kɔkɔre, a lɛ zuiŋ yiele yelbie la ka ba maŋ ŋmeɛrɛ ka o sagere. Ŋmeɛbo zie Ka neɛ kpi Tanchara paaloŋ naŋ be Babile poɔ, ka anaŋ wa kyaare ba zisaŋ daare kyiiruŋ la ka ba ŋmɛ gyile / gaŋgaare lɛ zuiŋ a pamgbori la ka ba maŋ de ka o leɛre a gyile ka ba ŋmɛ a maale a kuori. Gbɛɛ yaga, ziiri mine te seŋ kɔkɔsusu ane a tenne mine naŋ villi a Tanchara paaloŋ, ba maŋ ŋmɛ la a pamgbori a de seɛ ne tigri kaŋa ba naŋ maŋ di ka ba boɔlɔ Dɔrɔ ka gyile ba wa kyebe. Teŋa / Tenne Tenne mine ba naŋ maŋ ŋmɛ pamgbori la Babile Tanchara, Kopaaloŋ,Kɔrɔ Kumasaali, Gbeliŋkaa ane a .m.k. Yɛlɛ naŋ kyaare neŋ a Aatekel Kaa yɛlɛ maalbo yipɔge Updated 398 beri naŋ pare Kaa yɛlɛ gampɛle Yeli yɛlɛ kyaare ne Aatikle naŋ taa tɔnɔ Kanne yaga Gbambiri Pamgbori Tolenleŋ [[Category:Dagaare]] [[Category:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] k4zp7tddswr09199y0q3m82r0f52wxg 0 737 51862 51858 2025-07-05T12:16:20Z Raphael Naakpi 1174 /* Nyɔvori piiluu */ 51862 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hafiz Wontah Konkoni '''(ba dɔge o la Bornyɛ kyuu beri lezare ne ayopoi yuon (1999). O gaa la karekyere sakukpoŋ naŋ be Tumu poɔ a peele yuon 2014 te ta 2017 . Karemamine da nɔŋ la o yɛlɛ yaga bonso o baŋ la bɔl-ŋmeɛbo lɛ zaa naŋ seŋe ne .O e la bɔl -ŋmeɛre naŋ be a Gaana Premier League a yi a Bechem United. Pampana Hafiz be la a Gaana bɔl-ŋmɛ wiitiri poɔ. Ŋmene na ko o la faŋa ka o bɔl-ŋmeɛbo ŋa gaa nimitɔɔre ka Wa paaloŋ yuori do saa. == Nyɔvorepiiluu == Konkoni e la waale buli naŋ yi Wa naŋ be a ɔppa wɛɛse paaloŋ naŋ be Ghana. O tu la sori gaa Nɔɔden Irigiŋ a te gaa o senkondere sakuuri Bole poɔ, sɛre ka o paa leɛ gaa a Ɔppa wɛɛse Irigiŋ to gaa Tumu Kɔlaagye Sakuuri, o e la Karema. == Sommo yizie == [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Dɔɔ]] [[Gbuli:Dɔɔloŋ]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] [[Gbuli:Nensaala]] rzzm4bc80pf0ty4z28zr2g5cee2ta8h 51895 51862 2025-07-05T13:16:46Z Alhaji Yakubu 70 51895 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Hafiz Wontah Konkoni]] '''(ba dɔge o la Bornyɛ kyuu beri lezare ne ayopoi yuon (1999). O gaa la karekyere sakukpoŋ naŋ be Tumu poɔ a peele yuon 2014 te ta 2017 . Karemamine da nɔŋ la o yɛlɛ yaga bonso o baŋ la bɔl-ŋmeɛbo lɛ zaa naŋ seŋe ne .O e la bɔl -ŋmeɛre naŋ be a Gaana Premier League a yi a Bechem United. Pampana Hafiz be la a Gaana bɔl-ŋmɛ wiitiri poɔ. Ŋmene na ko o la faŋa ka o bɔl-ŋmeɛbo ŋa gaa nimitɔɔre ka Wa paaloŋ yuori do saa. == Nyɔvorepiiluu == Konkoni e la waale buli naŋ yi Wa naŋ be a ɔppa wɛɛse paaloŋ naŋ be Ghana. O tu la sori gaa Nɔɔden Irigiŋ a te gaa o senkondere sakuuri Bole poɔ, sɛre ka o paa leɛ gaa a Ɔppa wɛɛse Irigiŋ to gaa Tumu Kɔlaagye Sakuuri, o e la Karema. == Sommo yizie == [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Dɔɔ]] [[Gbuli:Dɔɔloŋ]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] [[Gbuli:Nensaala]] qx1m2i78x3enk4ncr18v4727cve2jea 51897 51895 2025-07-05T13:27:52Z Alhaji Yakubu 70 51897 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Hafiz Wontah Konkoni]] '''(ba dɔge o la Bornyɛ kyuu beri lezare ne ayopoi yuon (1999). O gaa la karekyere sakukpoŋ naŋ be Tumu poɔ a peele yuon 2014 te ta 2017 . Karemamine da nɔŋ la o yɛlɛ yaga bonso o baŋ la bɔl-ŋmeɛbo lɛ zaa naŋ seŋe ne .O e la bɔl -ŋmeɛre naŋ be a Gaana Premier League a yi a Bechem United. Pampana Hafiz be la a Gaana bɔl-ŋmɛ wiitiri poɔ. Ŋmene na ko o la faŋa ka o bɔl-ŋmeɛbo ŋa gaa nimitɔɔre ka Wa paaloŋ yuori do saa. == Nyɔvorepiiluu == Konkoni e la waale buli naŋ yi Wa naŋ be a ɔppa wɛɛse paaloŋ naŋ be [[Ghana]]. O tu la sori gaa Nɔɔden Irigiŋ a te gaa o senkondere sakuuri Bole poɔ, sɛre ka o paa leɛ gaa a Ɔppa wɛɛse Irigiŋ to gaa Tumu Kɔlaagye Sakuuri, o e la Karema. == Sommo yizie == [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Dɔɔ]] [[Gbuli:Dɔɔloŋ]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] [[Gbuli:Nensaala]] d13ehtoxee3hxbnrm5umq265b8iwsj6 51929 51897 2025-07-06T08:52:39Z Alhaji Yakubu 70 51929 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Hafiz Wontah Konkoni]] '''(ba dɔge o la Bornyɛ kyuu beri lezare ne ayopoi yuon (1999). O gaa la karekyere sakukpoŋ naŋ be Tumu poɔ a peele yuon 2014 te ta 2017 . Karemamine da nɔŋ la o yɛlɛ yaga bonso o baŋ la bɔl-ŋmeɛbo lɛ zaa naŋ seŋe ne .O e la bɔl -ŋmeɛre naŋ be a Gaana Premier League a yi a Bechem United. Pampana Hafiz be la a Gaana bɔl-ŋmɛ wiitiri poɔ. Ŋmene na ko o la faŋa ka o bɔl-ŋmeɛbo ŋa gaa nimitɔɔre ka Wa paaloŋ yuori do saa. == Nyɔvorepiiluu == Konkoni e la waale buli naŋ yi Wa naŋ be a ɔppa wɛɛse paaloŋ naŋ be [[Ghana]]. O tu la sori gaa Nɔɔden Irigiŋ a te gaa o senkondere sakuuri Bole poɔ, sɛre ka o paa leɛ gaa a Ɔppa wɛɛse Irigiŋ to gaa Tumu Kɔlaagye Sakuuri, o e la Karema. == Nyɔvore yɛlɛ == '''Bolga Stars''' Konkoni piili la o bɔl ŋmɛ a yi Amajande FC naŋ be Bole. O da e la ba kapiteŋ a soŋ ba ka ba nyɛ zunoɔ kpɛ Ghana Division one League saŋa na o ŋmeɛrɛ o bɔl be. O bɔl ŋmɛ bammo da vɛŋ la ka Division ne Premier League teams boɔrɔ o. A baara o da kpɛ Bolga Stars naŋ da nyɛ zunoɔ a kpɛ a premier League 2017, ka o da naŋ gɛrɛ karemamine zannoo wuluu sakuuri naŋ be Tumu. Konkoni da ŋmeɛrɛ la bɔl ne [[Ibrahim Imoro]] a 2017 wagre na. Bebiri na o naŋ da nyɛ vuo kpɛ paake e la 4 March 2017, o da ŋmɛ la a bɔl wagre zaa kyɛ ka Tema Youth da wɔɔ ba goli ayi (2-0). 18 March, 2023 la ka o da de 1st goli a Ghana Premier League, noba o naq da de la Bechem United awo miti (78) Aliu Mahama Sports Stadium a soŋ Bolga Stars ka di 2 - 0 , a Bolga Stars 1st Ghana PremIer League maakye diibu la lɛ. A yi o naŋ da kanne kyɛ la Ŋmeɛrɛ bɔl, a maŋ la tuuro sori gɛrɛ Ɔppa Wɛɛse ne Ɔppa Eaase dɔgɛɛ zuiŋ, maakye anii (8) ne goli ayi (2) yoŋ la ka di kyɛ ka Bechem United wa da o te paale ba poɔ. [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Dɔɔ]] [[Gbuli:Dɔɔloŋ]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] [[Gbuli:Nensaala]] 748ot18eq8sz7omj3kugedvemq7wyrl 51945 51929 2025-07-06T10:37:29Z Anthony Dery 16 51945 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hafiz Wontah Konkoni '''(ba dɔge o la Bornyɛ kyuu beri lezare ne ayopoi yuon (1999). O gaa la karekyere sakukpoŋ naŋ be Tumu poɔ a peele yuon 2014 te ta 2017 . Karemamine da nɔŋ la o yɛlɛ yaga bonso o baŋ la bɔl-ŋmeɛbo lɛ zaa naŋ seŋe ne .O e la bɔl -ŋmeɛre naŋ be a Gaana Premier League a yi a Bechem United. Pampana Hafiz be la a Gaana bɔl-ŋmɛ wiitiri poɔ. Ŋmene na ko o la faŋa ka o bɔl-ŋmeɛbo ŋa gaa nimitɔɔre ka Wa paaloŋ yuori do saa. == Nyɔvorepiiluu == Konkoni e la waale buli naŋ yi Wa naŋ be a ɔppa wɛɛse paaloŋ naŋ be [[Ghana]]. O tu la sori gaa Nɔɔden Irigiŋ a te gaa o senkondere sakuuri Bole poɔ, sɛre ka o paa leɛ gaa a Ɔppa wɛɛse Irigiŋ to gaa Tumu Kɔlaagye Sakuuri, o e la Karema. == Nyɔvore yɛlɛ == '''Bolga Stars''' Konkoni piili la o bɔl ŋmɛ a yi Amajande FC naŋ be Bole. O da e la ba kapiteŋ a soŋ ba ka ba nyɛ zunoɔ kpɛ Ghana Division one League saŋa na o ŋmeɛrɛ o bɔl be. O bɔl ŋmɛ bammo da vɛŋ la ka Division ne Premier League teams boɔrɔ o. A baara o da kpɛ Bolga Stars naŋ da nyɛ zunoɔ a kpɛ a premier League 2017, ka o da naŋ gɛrɛ karemamine zannoo wuluu sakuuri naŋ be Tumu. Konkoni da ŋmeɛrɛ la bɔl ne [[Ibrahim Imoro]] a 2017 wagre na. Bebiri na o naŋ da nyɛ vuo kpɛ paake e la 4 March 2017, o da ŋmɛ la a bɔl wagre zaa kyɛ ka Tema Youth da wɔɔ ba goli ayi (2-0). 18 March, 2023 la ka o da de 1st goli a Ghana Premier League, noba o naq da de la Bechem United awo miti (78) Aliu Mahama Sports Stadium a soŋ Bolga Stars ka di 2 - 0 , a Bolga Stars 1st Ghana PremIer League maakye diibu la lɛ. A yi o naŋ da kanne kyɛ la Ŋmeɛrɛ bɔl, a maŋ la tuuro sori gɛrɛ Ɔppa Wɛɛse ne Ɔppa Eaase dɔgɛɛ zuiŋ, maakye anii (8) ne goli ayi (2) yoŋ la ka di kyɛ ka Bechem United wa da o te paale ba poɔ. == Sommo Yizie == [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Dɔɔ]] [[Gbuli:Dɔɔloŋ]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] [[Gbuli:Nensaala]] fmq6vlgrzjalu10k8nlsr2hixi20tse 51946 51945 2025-07-06T10:38:44Z Anthony Dery 16 51946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q107095656}} '''Hafiz Wontah Konkoni '''(ba dɔge o la Bornyɛ kyuu beri lezare ne ayopoi yuon (1999). O gaa la karekyere sakukpoŋ naŋ be Tumu poɔ a peele yuon 2014 te ta 2017 . Karemamine da nɔŋ la o yɛlɛ yaga bonso o baŋ la bɔl-ŋmeɛbo lɛ zaa naŋ seŋe ne .O e la bɔl -ŋmeɛre naŋ be a Gaana Premier League a yi a Bechem United. Pampana Hafiz be la a Gaana bɔl-ŋmɛ wiitiri poɔ. Ŋmene na ko o la faŋa ka o bɔl-ŋmeɛbo ŋa gaa nimitɔɔre ka Wa paaloŋ yuori do saa. == Nyɔvorepiiluu == Konkoni e la waale buli naŋ yi Wa naŋ be a ɔppa wɛɛse paaloŋ naŋ be [[Ghana]]. O tu la sori gaa Nɔɔden Irigiŋ a te gaa o senkondere sakuuri Bole poɔ, sɛre ka o paa leɛ gaa a Ɔppa wɛɛse Irigiŋ to gaa Tumu Kɔlaagye Sakuuri, o e la Karema. == Nyɔvore yɛlɛ == '''Bolga Stars''' Konkoni piili la o bɔl ŋmɛ a yi Amajande FC naŋ be Bole. O da e la ba kapiteŋ a soŋ ba ka ba nyɛ zunoɔ kpɛ Ghana Division one League saŋa na o ŋmeɛrɛ o bɔl be. O bɔl ŋmɛ bammo da vɛŋ la ka Division ne Premier League teams boɔrɔ o. A baara o da kpɛ Bolga Stars naŋ da nyɛ zunoɔ a kpɛ a premier League 2017, ka o da naŋ gɛrɛ karemamine zannoo wuluu sakuuri naŋ be Tumu. Konkoni da ŋmeɛrɛ la bɔl ne [[Ibrahim Imoro]] a 2017 wagre na. Bebiri na o naŋ da nyɛ vuo kpɛ paake e la 4 March 2017, o da ŋmɛ la a bɔl wagre zaa kyɛ ka Tema Youth da wɔɔ ba goli ayi (2-0). 18 March, 2023 la ka o da de 1st goli a Ghana Premier League, noba o naq da de la Bechem United awo miti (78) Aliu Mahama Sports Stadium a soŋ Bolga Stars ka di 2 - 0 , a Bolga Stars 1st Ghana PremIer League maakye diibu la lɛ. A yi o naŋ da kanne kyɛ la Ŋmeɛrɛ bɔl, a maŋ la tuuro sori gɛrɛ Ɔppa Wɛɛse ne Ɔppa Eaase dɔgɛɛ zuiŋ, maakye anii (8) ne goli ayi (2) yoŋ la ka di kyɛ ka Bechem United wa da o te paale ba poɔ. == Sommo Yizie == [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Dɔɔ]] [[Gbuli:Dɔɔloŋ]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] [[Gbuli:Nensaala]] fwii95qd24pxftuankqsng21pwnbaj6 51947 51946 2025-07-06T10:39:23Z Anthony Dery 16 /* Nyɔvorepiiluu */ 51947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q107095656}} '''Hafiz Wontah Konkoni '''(ba dɔge o la Bornyɛ kyuu beri lezare ne ayopoi yuon (1999). O gaa la karekyere sakukpoŋ naŋ be Tumu poɔ a peele yuon 2014 te ta 2017 . Karemamine da nɔŋ la o yɛlɛ yaga bonso o baŋ la bɔl-ŋmeɛbo lɛ zaa naŋ seŋe ne .O e la bɔl -ŋmeɛre naŋ be a Gaana Premier League a yi a Bechem United. Pampana Hafiz be la a Gaana bɔl-ŋmɛ wiitiri poɔ. Ŋmene na ko o la faŋa ka o bɔl-ŋmeɛbo ŋa gaa nimitɔɔre ka Wa paaloŋ yuori do saa. == O Nyɔvore Piiluu == Konkoni e la waale buli naŋ yi Wa naŋ be a ɔppa wɛɛse paaloŋ naŋ be [[Ghana]]. O tu la sori gaa Nɔɔden Irigiŋ a te gaa o senkondere sakuuri Bole poɔ, sɛre ka o paa leɛ gaa a Ɔppa wɛɛse Irigiŋ to gaa Tumu Kɔlaagye Sakuuri, o e la Karema. == O Nyɔvore Yɛlɛ == '''Bolga Stars''' Konkoni piili la o bɔl ŋmɛ a yi Amajande FC naŋ be Bole. O da e la ba kapiteŋ a soŋ ba ka ba nyɛ zunoɔ kpɛ Ghana Division one League saŋa na o ŋmeɛrɛ o bɔl be. O bɔl ŋmɛ bammo da vɛŋ la ka Division ne Premier League teams boɔrɔ o. A baara o da kpɛ Bolga Stars naŋ da nyɛ zunoɔ a kpɛ a premier League 2017, ka o da naŋ gɛrɛ karemamine zannoo wuluu sakuuri naŋ be Tumu. Konkoni da ŋmeɛrɛ la bɔl ne [[Ibrahim Imoro]] a 2017 wagre na. Bebiri na o naŋ da nyɛ vuo kpɛ paake e la 4 March 2017, o da ŋmɛ la a bɔl wagre zaa kyɛ ka Tema Youth da wɔɔ ba goli ayi (2-0). 18 March, 2023 la ka o da de 1st goli a Ghana Premier League, noba o naq da de la Bechem United awo miti (78) Aliu Mahama Sports Stadium a soŋ Bolga Stars ka di 2 - 0 , a Bolga Stars 1st Ghana PremIer League maakye diibu la lɛ. A yi o naŋ da kanne kyɛ la Ŋmeɛrɛ bɔl, a maŋ la tuuro sori gɛrɛ Ɔppa Wɛɛse ne Ɔppa Eaase dɔgɛɛ zuiŋ, maakye anii (8) ne goli ayi (2) yoŋ la ka di kyɛ ka Bechem United wa da o te paale ba poɔ. == Sommo Yizie == [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Dɔɔ]] [[Gbuli:Dɔɔloŋ]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] [[Gbuli:Nensaala]] r6zicugfi2e0jmkebu3b58w5kn01cdt 0 930 51898 18909 2025-07-05T13:28:05Z PROBUS BEWONE 30 51898 wikitext text/x-wiki Kpɛ die leɛ tule Dɔpure vaare [[segbalɛ]] Dɔɔ veɛle leɛ kul flymmbzxowaapdsyx70qawh32r7zinx 0 965 51863 51849 2025-07-05T12:17:14Z Uthman salma 980 51863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q8620}} '''Dr. Francis Kwame Nkrumah''' (21 kavaare kyuu 1909-27 boŋŋo kyuu 1972) da e la [[Ghanaian]] pɔleteese, political theorist, ane revolutionary. Ona da daŋ e a [[prime minister]] danweɛ soba ane [[Ghana]] yidaandɔɔ, naŋ de weɛ neŋ [[Gold coast|Gold Coast]] ka ba nyɛ sommeŋɛ yi Britain 1957 poɔ.<ref name=":0">https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230361270_4</ref> Pan-Africanism, nɔmɛlmɛ neɛ, Nkrumah da e la mɛmba ko a organization of [[Africa|African]] unity ane neɛ naŋ di a Lenin peace prize yi a [[Soviet Union]] 1962 poɔ.<ref name=":1">https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public</ref> Yuomo pie ne ayi puoriŋ onaŋ wa be paaloŋ yobo tageraa o zannoo duoro saa, meɛrɛ o political philosophy ane nara ne o taa diasporic Pan-Africanists, Nkrumah leɛ wa la Gold Coast na piili o pɔletekal yɛlɛ naŋ e meŋɛ zɔɔ faabo. <ref name=":2">https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315018775</ref>O meɛ la Nɔdaa Paate (CPP), naŋ nyɛ baabo weoŋ yi o unprecedented appeal to the common voter. <ref>https://doi.org/10.5479%2Fsil.380651.39088006011662</ref>O leɛ la prime minister 1952 poɔ ane o leɛ are la ana vuo na Ghana naŋ wa nyɛ sommeŋɛ yi [[Britain]] 1957 poɔ. 1960 poɔ, Ghanaians da neɛ la nu iri bɛgɛ gampaalaa kyɛ ɛlɛte Nkrumah Yidaandɔɔ.<ref>https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctvk3gm60.17</ref> O naaŋ da are la socialist ane nationalist. O kaa la national industrial ane faŋa yɛlɛ, a eŋ baabo ganzanne eŋɛ oŋ e kpeɛŋaa ane a zɛge Pan-Africanist yipɔge oŋ do saa. Nkrumah wagere, Ghana toŋ la international yelerre yaga African a decolonization wagere.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-19455-4</ref> A zɔɔ maaroŋ wagere, Nkrumah da e la bone na a Wɛse naŋ maŋ boɔle ka authoritarian regime Ghana poɔ. Kwame Nkrumah ma yuori da la Elizabeth Nyanibah aŋ da yi Anon juriyɛ. Ka o ba meŋ yuori da e Kofi Nɡonloma aŋ da yi juriyɛ ŋa baŋ boɔna ka "Elephant". O da deɛ Helena Ritz Fathia Nkrumah baŋ da dɔɡe biihi bata, Francis Gokeh, Sarmiah Yarba aneŋ Sekou Ritz.<ref>"Kwame Nkrumah - Wikipedia" <nowiki>https://tw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah</nowiki></ref> == Yelkorɔ == === Pampana yelkorɔ === A Kumasi College ko Technology maŋ yuo la a 22 January 1952 neŋ 200 teekyare karembiiri naŋ yi Achimota wa, ka ba wa piili a a kolagyi. A October 1952, a sakuuri ko Engineering ane a Department ko Commerce da piilee naŋ da e a dɛndɛŋ soba. A Pharmacy Department da piilee January 1953, neŋ neɛ naŋ da e tontonna ko a Pharmacy yi a Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, ko a kolagyi. A department da zanna la yuomo ayi comprehensive course naŋ be a Pharmacy naŋ da vɛŋ ka ba maŋ terɛ Pharmacy Board Certificate. A Department ko a Agriculture meŋ da yuo la a yuoŋyeni ŋa poɔ naŋ da tere ad hoc zannoo dɔlɔ ko wagere mine, yi wagere fēē mine te wagere gyamaa mine, ko a Ministry of Agriculture. A Department ko General Studies da maalɛɛ ka o da wule biiri naŋ be Higher School Certificate Examinations kyaare Science ane Arts zanno dɔlɔ ane ka ba tere sobie zannoo dɔlɔ mine naŋ taa boɔbo mine ko departments sere mine. Yi 1952 te ta 1955, a sakuuri ko Engineering da kyɔɔrɛɛ sakubiiri kyaare neŋ professional qualifications yoŋ. A 1955, da taa la zannoo neŋ dɔlɔ mime naŋ da be a University of London Bachelor ko Engineering External Degree Examinations. A 1957, a sakuuri ko Architecture, Town Planning ane Building meŋ da piilee. A o sakubiiri dɛndɛŋ soba da piilee January 1958, kyaare professional zannoo dɔlɔ A kolagyi da yɔlɛɛ, o da eɛ a Kumasi kolagyi ko Technology naŋ da e science ane technology sakuuri. Mere naŋ beebe, a teekyɛre tureeni kolagyi, neŋ a ba paalebo ko Art Sakuuri, da la leɛre la yi January 1958, ko a Winneba tureeni kolagyi; a 1959 a Commerce Department da leɛre gaa la Achimota ka o da maale a Sakuuri kyaare Administration naŋ be a University of Ghana, Legon. A December 1960, a Gɔbena ko a Ghana da iree neɛ ko a University Commission ka o tere kpaamo kyaare neŋ a university zannoo saazu duobu yeltare, neŋ yeltare ka ba leɛre a University kolagyi gaaneŋ Ghana ane a Kumasi College of Technology gaaneŋ someŋɛ University of Ghana. Duoruu tuubu mine yi a commission naŋ da yi wieoŋ a 1961, a gɔbena da maalɛɛ a sommenne univɛnitiri naŋ be a Kumasi ane Legon, Accra. A Kumasi Kolagyi ko Technology da leɛre la gaa, yineŋ kaabo naŋ da be a R. P. Baffour, ko a full-fledged university, ane a yuori '''Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology''' yi a merɛ naŋ be a Parliament a 22 August 1961. A yuori da eɛ puoraa ko Kwame Nkrumah, naŋ e a dɛndɛŋ prime minister kyɛ ta wagere kaŋa da e a president ko a Ghana. A January 1966, Marr Grounds, naŋ e American/Australian yielŋmeɛrɛ naŋ kpeɛrɛ California, da nyɛ la iruuŋ kaŋa naŋ e karema ko a architecture a da maale yuomo ayi, kyɛ pãã da la leɛroo gaa a University of Sydney School ko Architecture, Design ane Planning a 1968. A yuori da taa leɛroo gaaneŋ University of Science ane Technology yi a zɔɔre puoriŋ a 24 February 1966. A University ko Science ane Technology da piilee a Wednesday, 20 November 1961. Neŋ a lɛ zaa, a merɛ kaŋa a Parliament (Act 559 a 1998) da leɛrɛɛ a yuori gaaneŋ a yuori meŋɛ waaloŋ, a Kwame Nkrumah University ko Science ane Technology, Kumasi. == Kampuusiri == === Kumasi kampuusi === A Kumasi kampuusi la a kampuusi kpoŋ ko a university. O na baŋ taɛ mɛlɛ ayɔpoi a zieŋ ane mɛlɛ anii (13 km) ko a east a Kumasi. O taa la a Central Administration ane deri menne mine. === Obuasi kampuusi === A Obuasi kampuusi piiluu saŋa da la a 4 November 2020 neŋ o da naŋ taa a inception a yuoni 2019 gba. O taa la 15 undergraduate programmes, naŋ e zannoo dɔlɔ ayɔpoi ko Engineering programmes, zannoo dɔlɔ anaare ko Business Administration programmes, zannoo dɔlɔ ata ko Allied Health Sciences programmes ane zannoo dɔlɔ yeni ko Science programme. == Organization ane administration == === Principal ɔfisiri === A principal officers ko a university la a chancellor, chairman ko a University Council ane vice-chancellor. A 2018, a wederoŋ vuo kyaare a chancellor da taa soɔbo ko a Asantehene Otumfuo Osei Tutu II. == Nyovori piiloo ane kanno-yelitaree == === Gold Coast === Kwame Nkrumah dogebu da e la Tuesday daare , 21 September 1909 <ref>https://www.mkgandhi.org/articles/nonviolence-of-Mahatma-Gandhi-in-Ghana.html</ref><ref>https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsehistory/2018/10/10/kwame-nkrumah-lse/</ref>a [[Nkroful, Gold Coast]] (now Ghana)<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1964/01/03/archives/man-in-the-news-an-african-enigma-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>. [[Nkroful]] da e la kuri bile a [[Nzema]] area, nang be a southwest ko a Gold Coast, nang pieli a frontier ning a French colony a ko a [[Ivory Coast.]] O ba da ba kpeira ning o yideme , kye da tona a [[Half Assini]] ziena ung zanne o goldsmith daabu yelitarihi awaana o kuung<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230205164542/https://www.uew.edu.gh/lib-fetured/ghana-autobiography-kwame-nkrumah</ref>. Kwame Nkrumah o ma ane yideme da guoloo, noba nang lang kpeira ane lasiri kye taa dogeriba nang be toori nang mang wa nyeba wagere ne wagere.O da kpeiree peenhibu o biibiilong wagere , a kuraa poung , a moo puong, nang da pieli a mani <ref>https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumah00davi</ref>. Wagere na o nang da be a sakuuri bie a [[United States]], ba da buonoo ka Francis Nwia Kofi Nkrumah, Kofi da e la [[Akan]] yuori ba nang mang ku dɔɔ ba doge Fridays<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press</ref>. Pouring ung leuhi a youri gaa Kwame Nkrumah in 1945 in the UK,yoe buoraa "Kwame"<ref>https://www.primenewsghana.com/politics/kwame-nkrumah-memorial-day-dr-kwame-nkrumah-a-son-of-the-soil.html</ref><ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>. A duoho a yi Ebenezer Obiri Addo o karembo gaa nimbituori paalikaara, a yuori "Nkrumah", a lasiri yuori ba nang mang ko a ninth child, wolee ka Kwame ‘mine kangang nyee zie a o Ba deu , nie nang taa poeba gyemaa<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201018205429/http://www.tvafrique.com/kwame-nkrumah/</ref>. O Ba, Opanyin Kofi Nwiana Ngolomah, yie Nkroful nang be a Nzema East pampana ba buola Ellembele, ung da e a Asona clan of the Akan Tribe. ziiri wolee ka Ngolomah kpee a [[Tarkwa-Nsuaem]] ane ung tung a goldsmith business<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170820160658/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/200909/27258.php</ref>. Ngolomah da taa gyirima ko a yeng ane kawani ko noba nang boura kawani yi o lasiri yela ane deu yele-taaree.O da kpiye ayuoni 1927<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170817034351/http://www.nkrumahinfobank.org/article.php?id=100&c=11</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>. Kwame da e la o Ma biyeni <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-0785-8</ref>. O gaanoo a elementary school nang da kaara yi a Catholic mission a Half Assini, ziena ung a sagi ka o e ye sakuri bizigilii<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref> . Anaazaa ka o Ma , nie ba nang da buola Elizabeth Nyanibah (1876/77–1979)<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170821212904/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/Archive/2000/499/profile.htm</ref>, puoring da leu yelee ka dogibo bebiri 1912, Nkrumah segee ka o dogibo bebiri e la 21 September 1909. O Ma yire e la Nsuaem kye ung yi a Agona family. o da e la zingkuora ane yaagu e-ra wagere ung da kuli sera<ref>https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.u158013</ref>. o dogibo beri anii puoring , o Ba da buoloo ka Francis Nwia-Kofi o nang da e dogera <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>kanga yuori,puori ka o ba ne o ma koo ka Francis Kwame Ngolomah<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170820160658/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/200909/27258.php</ref> O ‘nimbi-toori gaabu ning a yuon- pie fora-yeli-irihi yuomo anii puong . A yuoni 1925, o da e la bibiiri karemkanna a sakuri ane ung da e [[baptized]] nang be [[Catholic faith]]<ref>https://doi.org/10.1086%2F454260</ref>.kye da be a sakuuu ,noba buoloo ka [[Reverend Alec Garden Fraser]], ning kpong ko a Government Training College (soon to become [[Achimota School]]) nang be a Gold Coast's capital, Accra. Fraser maali ‘bing ko Nkrumah ka o zanne ŋa a karema nang be sakuu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFOwusu-Ansah</ref> . ziena[[, Columbia]]-educated deputy headmaster [[Kwegyir Aggrey]] da e-roo kyaare a teiha yi Marcus Garvey ane W. E. B. Du Bois. Aggrey, Fraser, ane ning jaani a Achimota puong anaazaa ka langtaa na bilabe ko a baloo kpachage nang kaara a Gold Coast, kye Nkrumah, echoing Garvey, leu wa teiha ka ningsagne baloo minga kaabo da naang tuong taa haakili‘yeni ba buuri kpachaga<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFAddo</ref>. Ung da nye o karima mine sieree gbangu yi a [[Prince of Wales' College]] a Achimota a yuoni 1930<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>, Nkrumah da nyee karembu toma nang be Roman Catholic primary school in [[Elmina]] a yuoni 1931<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>. A pari a pari yuoni boyeni, o da e la a karima mine ning kpong ko a [[Axim]]. A Axim, o da piilee kpieree paalikaa yelitarihikye leu te be a Nzema Literary Society. A yuoni 1933, ba e-roo ung e karema ko a Catholic seminary at Amissano<ref>https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28819/1/10672987.pdf</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref>. Anaazaa ka be kpiebo da e la tuo ,kye o un da nung bila, ane o na da buora ka o leu Jesuit. Nkrumah o da wonye a ‘duohi-seura ane nimbituri [[Nigerian]] paalikaara [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] yela kye sukuri biiri a Achimota; a daba bai da nyee taa kye <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref> Azikiwe's haakila teibo da paahi Nkrumah nungbo a black nationalism<ref>https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195301731.013.40103</ref>.A karema bile da buora ka o karim gaa nimbituori. Azikiwe da gaa la [[Lincoln University,]] a [[historically black college]] nang be [[Chester County, Pennsylvania]], west ko [[Philadelphia]], kye e Nkrumah kawani ka o kpe be<ref>https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230603486</ref>. Nkrumah,da fieliye u daanuori; teesi ko a [[London University]],o da nyee sungbo ko o yuobo ane o sakuuri yelitaree yi o dogereba seng .o da chenye gaa [[Britain]], ziena ung zanne, ko o nimbikuoniiyi Italy's ngmaabu ko [[Ethiopia]], a paaloo bonyeni kanga yi a independent African nations. o da gaa a [[United States]], a October 1935<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />. === United States === A yi ayeli’kori seuseura [[John Henrik Clarke]] o atiklehi ku a Nkrumah's American sojourn, " a haakila leubo yi a yuom-pie ung nang da be a [[United States]] da taa naaribo jeri nyiibu ko o nyovore chelee nang kpaling." Nkrumah da moo nye kpiebu ko [[Lincoln University]] wagere kanga seni ung piilee karembo a beng<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFClarke</ref>. == 1966 coup d'état == See also: [[National Liberation Council § 1966 coup]] A February 1966, kye ka Nkrumah da bila sori gara ka o ta nye a [[North Vietnam]] ane China, o paalikaa da ihi nie naalung ‘kogong a miihuu ''coup d'état'' ang dia zu yi a paaloo [[military]] ane [[police]] forces, ning sungbu yi a civil service<ref>https://ghanaremembers.com/stories/people/kwame-nkrumah-a-biography-of-ghanas-first-president.html</ref>. A noba nang da buora ka ba toung beu conspirators, ‘yie diera da e-ye [[Joseph Arthur Ankrah,]] da kuye ba mine yuori ka a [[National Liberation Council]] ane o kaabo awa soje yela paalikaabo yuomo ata agaa . Nkrumah da zanne ko a coup sene ung da te-ta a China. A coup puoring,Nkrumah da kpee a Beijing beri anaare, ane Premier [[Zhou Enlai]] da kaakoo ning gyirima <ref>https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00064246.1972.11431232</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/news/876767/the-confused-moments-of-nkrumah-in-china-after-the-coup.html</ref>. == Foomaraa leubu ane kuung == Main article: [[Death and state funeral of Kwame Nkrumah]] Nkrumah kpeing a 27 April 1972, a [[Bucharest]], a teng kpong ku a [[Romania]],ko yela babanginuu kye ang ba sogili baalung. a coup wagere , o daang kpiera a Guinean teng-kpong ko Conakry, ang jeng ‘tengeng wagiri nga. == Daanhibu ane Cheng bung == O wagere, Nkrumah da nyee Kyɔɔtaɛ ko awarded honorary doctorates yi universities jemaa a paahi [[Lincoln University (Pennsylvania), Moscow State University]] (USSR), [[Cairo University]] ([[Egypt]]), [[Jagiellonian University]] [[(Poland]]), ane [[Humboldt University (East Germany)]]<ref>http://www.kwamenkrumahcentenary.org/esi_speech.html</ref>. A yi a ‘nimbiyuo ‘sieree gbanseu ‘binnuu barebo yi a [[U.S. Department of State's Office of the Historian]], "Nkrumah da e-ree yele gyemaa ka o ligiri bung ‘muning ko a [U.S. government] buobo gang a black African jaa<ref>https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v26/d201</ref> ." A September 2009, President [[John Atta Mills]] da wulee a 21 September (the 100th anniversary of Kwame Nkrumah's birth) ung e a [[Founders' Day]], a kparaama pennuu ‘bebiri a Gaana ka ba teihe a nabaali yela ko Kwame Nkrumah<ref>http://www.modernghana.com/news/236431/1/nkrumahs-birthday-declared-a-holiday.html</ref>. A April 2019, President Akufo-Addo da sagi ku a Public Holidays (Amendment) Act 2019 nang leure a 21 September yi Founders' Day gaa[[Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Day]]<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/President-Akufo-Addo-assents-to-Public-Holidays-Amendment-Act-2019-744767</ref>. == Meŋa nyɔvore-yele == Kwame Nkrumah kulee [[Fathia Ritzk]], an [[Egyptian Coptic]] bank tongtuna ane sakuuri karema koree , a ‘zi-maanii o na da waana a Gaana pou: New Year's Eve, 1957–1958<ref>http://www.nathanielturner.com/fathiankrumahfarewell.htm</ref>. Fathia's ma da zaahiye ka o buoli ngmini ko o ba kuli-taa yele ne puong, o bie kanga nang da yi ne a dau saana<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200610125740/https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/here-are-all-the-first-ladies-of-ghana-since-independence/0l2k3hw</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/1095/fathia-the-rock-of-the-nkrumah-family.html</ref>. Aŋa kuli-taa deme, Fathia ane Nkrumah da taa biiri bata : Gamal (born 1958), Samia (born 1960) ane Sekou (born 1964). [[Gamal]] da e la ‘duohi-saamba gbangu seura , ky ka [[Samia]] ane Sekou ming da e la paalikaa tuntuniba . Nkrumah da taa bidau zaala, Francis, a paediatrician (born 1935)<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20181019075818/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2014/September-22nd/africa-must-re-examine-implement-nkrumahs-ideas-francis-nkrumah.php</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190406213932/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Kwame-Nkrumah-s-unknown-son-surfaces-235004</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190904212017/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/social/201507/249589.php</ref><ref>https://www.knust.edu.gh/about/knust/history</ref>. == O Yeli yaɡa Ŋmaara Mine == "N nuŋ yɛŋ ka N so n meŋa kyɛ be dɔɡee poɔŋ ɡaa ka N ta so n meŋa" "Ghana meŋa soubu ba tare tɔna jaa ka Africa paaluu jaa ba so o meŋa" "Africa taree sɔre ka te laŋtaa" "Nimitɔɔre ɡaabu yoŋ, boɔre ɡaabu kyibe" "Eŋ ba e neɛ aŋ yɛli ka N yie Africa baŋ dɔɡe ma Africa kye juŋ, eŋ eɛ neɛ aŋ yi Africa bojuŋ ba dɔɡee Africa eŋ eŋan" "Te ihee panpana. Te daŋ kula ɡbihi jaa. Aŋ yi jine ɡara, Africa paalaa waɛ dunee" "Ka neɛ era yɛla kyɛ ba tieha eɛ yelkpala. Ka neɛ tieha kyɛ ba ihi era eɛ wa jɔŋloŋ"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> "Neɛ jaa aŋ yi Africa, ka e bie "North" bee "South America", "Carrabean" dɛme bee dunee lombori jiejaa baŋ be eɛ nuba aŋ yi Africa"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> "Meŋa soɔbu ba e boŋ eŋ na de ko neɛ a wa kyeotaa. Yɛ boŋ la neɛ meŋ jaa koŋ baŋ bimuu koɛ"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> ==== vuune toma mine ==== Nkrumah's da terɛɛ sommo ko a industrial development, sommo ko a Minister of Finance, Komla Agbeli Gbedema, ko a Volta River Project: a Meɛbo ko a hydroelectric power plant, a Akosombo Dam kyaare a Volta River a eastern Ghana. A Volta River Project da la a duoruu terɛ ko Nkrumah's economic programme. A 20 February 1958, o da yeli ko la National Assembly: "n taa la sagedeebo kpeɛŋaa ko a Volta River Project naŋ maŋ terɛ a sobie naŋ maŋ vɛŋ ka te kpɛ a economic independence." Ghana da nyɛ sommo yi United States, Israel ane a World Bank ka ba mɛ dampo. Kaiser Aluminum da sagɛɛ ka ba da mɛ a dampo ko Nkrumah, kyɛ da are neŋ feeroŋ neŋ boma na ba naŋ na de maale neŋ a fintindigili. Nkrumah da pɛŋɛɛ libie ka ba da mɛ neŋ a dampo, naŋ da vɛŋ sanne da be a Ghana. Ka ba da soŋ yɔɔ a sane, o da duorɛɛŋ zuyɔɔ naŋ be cocoa koɔreba a south. Ŋaa da vɛŋɛɛ nimikpɛ yɛlɛ da bebe. A dampo Meɛbo da baarɛɛ kyɛ naŋ piili a Nkrumah amidst global publicity a 22 January 1966. Nkrumah da wanne la Ghana Nuclear Reactor Project a 1961, naŋ taa piiluu a Ghana Atomic Energy Commission a 1963, ane a 1964 naŋ da vɛŋ a kuuri dɛndɛŋ ka o da e a atomic energy facility. ==== Cocoa ==== A 1954 a tendaa zaa cocoa daaroŋ da zɛge do ko a cocoa koɔba ka ba are ko windfall, Nkrumah da senne neŋ la a duobu ko central government levies, naŋ da vɛŋ ka o da areko a national development projects. A yɛlɛ ama mine da soŋ o la ka o da la do wederoŋ. Boma daaroŋ da naŋ duoro saa. A 1960 a cocoa baagyi daaroŋ da arɛɛ £250 a London. A August 1965 a daaroŋ da arɛɛ £91. A daaroŋ duobu da sigee yi a Gɔbena naŋ da areko a boŋguri ane koɔba ka ba da nyɛ a arekoobo. === Saakonnoŋ === Nkrumah da eɛ ardent promoterko a pan-Africanism, naŋ nyɛ gaabo e ''"quest for regional integration of the whole of the African continent"''. A saŋa ko Nkrumah's nimizeeloŋ ko politisi taa la mannoo naŋ e "golden age of high pan-African ambitions"; a continent da nyɛɛ nationalist movements ane decolonization ko a European colonial powers, ane historians da nyɛ la duoruu ka "a mannoo ane solidarity da nyɛɛ momentum naŋ be a pan-Africanist movement". Naŋ leɛ teɛre African heritage, Nkrumah gbɛɛ gyamaa na maŋ eschewed Western fashion, donning a fugu (a Northern attire) naŋ taa Southern-produced Kente cloth, a banaa taa la bambo. O da paalɛɛ a piiluu a Ghana Museum a 5 March 1957; a Arts Council of Ghana, a wing ko a Ministry of Education ane Culture, a 1958; a Research Library a African Affairs a June 1961; ane a Ghana Film Corporation a 1964. A 1962, Nkrumah naŋ taa yuobu a Institute of African Studies. A campaign yineŋ nudity naŋ be a northern naŋ paale a teŋɛ naŋ nyɛ special attention yi Nkrumah, naŋ da nyɛ Propaganda Secretary Hannah Cudjoe ka ba tere yeluu. Cudjoe meŋ da maalɛɛ a Ghana Women's League, naŋ da zɛge a Party's agenda kyaare nutrition, biiri guoluu, ane bonsuuri suubu. A League meŋ da la yi la zɔɔre naŋ da taa sommo ko French nuclear weapons a Sahara. Cudjoe wasda iree consolidation kyaare national women's groups, a da vɛŋ sentaaloŋ be a Party poɔŋ. Merɛ da bebe a 1959 ane 1960 naŋ da kyaare wederoŋ mine a parliament naŋ da taa wederoŋ neŋ pɔge. Pɔgeba mine da taa la zɛgebo gaa CPP Central Committee. Pɔgeba gyamaa da gaa la Yunivɛniti, a da furi tonsonne mine teseŋ medicine ane law, kyɛ da la gaa neŋ professional trips a Israel, a Soviet Union, ane a Eastern Bloc. Pɔgeba meŋ da kpɛɛ sogyaaloŋ ane air force. Pɔgeba gyamaa da be la koɔbo ane yɛroŋ; bamine da nyɛɛ sommo yi Co-operative Movement. Nkrumah's enfuomo da yɛre pɔgɛɛ a zie zaa, teseŋ, a postage stamps ane a libie, naŋ taa yitaaloŋ neŋ monarchs – naŋ terɛ fodder gɛgɛroŋ naŋ bebe ko Nkrumahist ka o paalɛɛ kɔlt. ==Kyɔɔtaɛ== ===Tenne mine Kyɔɔtaɛ=== {{Clear}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |- ! style="width:90px;" | Ribbon ! style="width:350px;" | Distinction ! style="width:120px;" | Country ! style="width:120px;" | Date ! Reference |- | [[File:EGY Order of the Nile - Grand Cordon BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Nile]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Egypt|1922}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1957 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite book |editor1-last=Danquah |editor1-first=Moses |title=Ghana: One Year Old. A First Independence Anniversary Review |date=1958 |publisher=Publicity Promotions |location=Accra |page=32 |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/2008700208/ |access-date=5 May 2025}} |- | [[File:LBN National Order of the Cedar - Grand Cordon BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cordon of the [[National Order of the Cedar]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Lebanon}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1957 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- | [[File:Order of the Yugoslavian Great Star Rib.png|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | [[Order of the Yugoslav Star|Order of the Yugoslav Great Star]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Yugoslavia|1946}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2 March 1961 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite news |title=Председник Тито предао председнику Нкрумаху Ореден велике југословенске звезде |url=http://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp%7Cissue:UB_00064_19610303%7Cpage:4%7Cquery:%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%20%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%20%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5 |access-date=6 May 2025 |work=[[Borba (newspaper)|Borba]] |date=3 March 1961 |language=sr}} |- | [[File:CZE Rad Bileho Lva 3 tridy BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Collar of the [[Order of the White Lion]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Czechoslovakia}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2 August 1961 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=Československý řád Bílého lva 1923–1990 |url=https://www.prazskyhradarchiv.cz/file/edee/vyznamenani/cs_rbl.pdf |publisher=Archivu Kanceláře prezidenta republiky |access-date=5 May 2025 |page=130 |language=cs}} |- | [[File:Order of the Elephant Ribbon bar.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | [[Lenin Peace Prize]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Soviet Union|1955}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 30 April 1962 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite news |title=Picasso Gets Lenin Prize |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1873&dat=19620501&id=dsAeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bsoEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6210,37008 |access-date=6 May 2025 |work=Daytona Beach Morning Journal |date=1 May 1962}} |- | [[File:Cordone di gran Croce di Gran Cordone OMRI BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Italy}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 25 September 1963 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=Elenco dei Cavalieri di Gran Croce, decorati di Gran Cordone dell'Ordine, defunti |url=https://archivio.quirinale.it/materiali-pubblicazioni/onorificenze/ASPR_Onorificenze_Cavalieri_di_Gran_Croce_Gran_Cordone.pdf |publisher=Portale storico della Presidenza della Repubblica |access-date=5 May 2025 |language=it}} |- | [[File:POL Polonia Restituta Wielki BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cross of the [[Order of Polonia Restituta]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Poland}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1965 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite book |last1=Stela |first1=Wojciech |title=Polskie ordery i odznaczenia (Vol. I) |date=2008 |location=Warsaw |page=49}} |- | [[File:Order of the Companions of O.R. Tambo (ribbon bar).gif|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Supreme Companion of the [[Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|South Africa}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 16 June 2004(posthumously) | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=2004 National Orders awards |url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/people/nationalorders2004.htm |website=SouthAfrica.info |access-date=5 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204092331/http://www.southafrica.info/about/people/nationalorders2004.htm#.VrMYl-zP32c |archive-date=4 February 2016}} |} ==Kwame Nkrumah Toma O Naŋ Toŋ== [[File:1989 CPA 6101.jpg|thumb|right|A postage stamp from the [[Soviet Union]] marking the 80th anniversary of his birth]] [[File:Independence Arch - Accra, Ghana1.jpg|thumb|Independence Arch in Accra]] * "Negro History: European Government in Africa", ''The Lincolnian'', 12 April 1938, p.&nbsp;2 (Lincoln University, Pennsylvania) – see [https://web.archive.org/web/20090817175003/http://www.lincoln.edu/library/project.html Special Collections and Archives, Lincoln University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817175003/http://www.lincoln.edu/library/project.html |date=17 August 2009 }}{{Cite journal|last=Bontemps|first=Arna|date=20 April 2017|title=Lincoln and the Negro|journal=University of Illinois Press|volume=1|doi=10.5406/illinois/9780252037696.003.0005}} * "Primitive Education in West Africa," ''Educational Outlook,'' January 1941 (University of Pennsylvania). [https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-primitive-education/ See] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303212548/https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-primitive-education/ |date=3 March 2024 }} * "Education and Nationalism in Africa," ''Educational Outlook,'' November 1943 (University of Pennsylvania). [https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-education-nationalism/ See] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303212548/https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-education-nationalism/ |date=3 March 2024 }} * ''Ghana: The Autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah'' (1957). {{ISBN|0-901787-60-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Ghana: the autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah|date=2002|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-60-4|edition=Africa's 100 best books|location=London|oclc=51932153}} * ''Africa Must Unite'' (1963). {{ISBN|0-901787-13-2}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Africa must unite|date=1963|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-13-2|location=London|oclc=6567302}} * ''African Personality'' (1963){{Cite book|last=Mead, Margaret |title=Technique & personality|date=1963|publisher=Museum of Primitive Art|oclc=603547274}} {{blockquote|The essence of neo-colonialism is that the State which is subject to it is, in theory, independent and has all the outward trappings of international sovereignty. In reality its economic system and thus its political policy is directed from outside.|Introduction}} * ''Neo-Colonialism, the Last Stage of Imperialism'' (1965){{Cite journal|last1=Tiger|first1=Lionel|last2=Nkrumah|first2=Kwame|date=1966|title=Neo-Colonialism. The Last Stage of Imperialism|journal=International Journal|volume=22|issue=1|pages=161|doi=10.2307/40199801|jstor=40199801|s2cid=143584107 |issn=0020-7020}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Neo-colonialism: the last stage of imperialism.|date=1990|publisher=Panaf|oclc=59982527}} * ''Axioms of Kwame Nkrumah'' (1967). {{ISBN|0-901787-54-X}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Kwame Nkrumah: the Conakry years, his life and letters|date=1990|publisher=PANAF|others=Milne, June 1920–|isbn=0-901787-53-1|location=London|oclc=22733303}} * ''African Socialism Revisited'' (1967){{Cite journal|date=October 1967|title=African Socialism|journal=International Affairs|volume=43|issue=4|pages=779|doi=10.1093/ia/43.4.779|issn=1468-2346}} * ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nGB1AAAAMAAJ Challenge of the Congo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405030326/https://books.google.com/books?id=nGB1AAAAMAAJ |date=5 April 2023 }}'' (1967) *''Voice From Conakry'' (1967). {{ISBN|90-17-87027-3}} * ''Dark Days in Ghana'' (1968). {{ISBN|0-7178-0046-6}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Dark days in Ghana|date=1972|publisher=Internat. Publ|isbn=0-7178-0046-6|edition=Repr|location=New York|oclc=796074108}} * ''Handbook of Revolutionary Warfare'' (1968). {{ISBN|0-7178-0226-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Handbook of revolutionary warfare: a guide to the armed phase of the African revolution|date=1975|publisher=International Publishers|isbn=0-7178-0226-4|edition=1st U.S.|location=New York|oclc=8095708}} * ''The Way Out, "Civilian Rule" Fraud and A Call for Positive Action and Armed Struggle'' (1970){{Cite book |last=Nkrumah |first=Kwame |title=The Way Out, "Civilian Rule" Fraud and A Call for Positive Action and Armed Struggle |publisher=Panaf Books |year=1970 |edition=Reprinted |location=University of London, Senate House Library} * ''Consciencism: Philosophy and Ideology for De-Colonisation'' (1970). {{ISBN|0-901787-11-6}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Consciencism: philosophy and ideology for decolonisation|date=1978|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-11-6|location=London|oclc=16613918}} * ''Class Struggle in Africa'' (1970). {{ISBN|0-901787-12-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Class struggle in Africa.|date=1970|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-12-4|location=London|oclc=153293}} * ''The Struggle Continues'' (1973). {{ISBN|0-901787-41-8}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=The struggle continues: six ... pamphlets|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-41-8|location=London|oclc=3073780} * ''I Speak of Freedom'' (1973). {{ISBN|0-901787-14-0}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=I speak of freedom|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-14-0|location=London |oclc=16236424}} * ''Revolutionary Path'' (1973). {{ISBN|978-0-901787-22-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Revolutionary path.|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-22-1|location=London|oclc=764869}} == Tigri == Yelyaga boɔbo leɛ kaa Kwame Nkrumah tigiri == Meŋ Kaa Kyɛ == Nkrumah gɔbena == Kyɛle kyɛ == {{notelist}} == Meŋɛ Nyɔvooroŋ == * {{Cite book |last=Addo |first=Ebenezer Obiri |title=Kwame Nkrumah: A Case Study of Religion and Politics in Ghana |publisher=University Press of America|year=1997 |isbn=978-0-7618-0785-8|ref={{sfnRef|Addo}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Birmingham |first=David |title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Father of African Nationalism |publisher=Ohio University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8214-1242-8|ref={{sfnRef|Birmingham}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Bourret |first=F. M. |title=Ghana—The Road to Independence |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1960|edition=Revised|orig-date=1949 |oclc= 414362 |ref={{sfnRef|Bourret}} }} * {{cite journal |title=Kwame Nkrumah: His years in America|last=Clarke|first=John Henrik|volume=6|issue=2|date=October 1974|journal=[[The Black Scholar]]|pages=9–16|doi=10.1080/00064246.1974.11431459 |jstor=41065759|s2cid=141785632 |ref={{sfnRef|Clarke}} }} * {{cite book |last=Fuller|first=Harcourt|year=2014|title=Building the Ghanaian Nation-State|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-44856-9 |ref={{sfnRef|Fuller}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Mazrui |first=Ali |author-link=Ali Mazrui|title=Nkrumah's Legacy and Africa's Triple Heritage Between Globalization and Counter Terrorism |publisher=Ghana Universities Press|year=2004 |isbn=978-9964-3-0296-2|ref={{sfnRef|Mazrui}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Owusu-Ansah |first=David |title=Biographical Dictionary of Ghana |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-8108-7242-4|edition=4th|ref={{sfnRef|Owusu-Ansah}} }} * {{Cite book|last=Rooney|first=David|year=1988|title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Political Kingdom in the Third World|publisher=St. Martin's Press|ref={{sfnRef|Rooney}}|isbn=978-0-312-02479-6|url=https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumah00davi}} * {{Cite book|last=Sherwood|first=Marika|author-link=Marika Sherwood|year=1996|title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Years Abroad 1935–1947|publisher=Freedom Publications|isbn=978-9988-7716-0-7|ref={{sfnRef|Sherwood}}|url=https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumahyear00sher_0}} * {{Cite book |last=Thompson |first=W. Scott |title=Ghana's Foreign Policy 1957–1966 |url=https://archive.org/details/ghanasforeignpol1969wsco |url-access=registration |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1969 |oclc=2616|ref={{sfnRef|Thompson}} }} == Nimitɔɔre mine kannoo == {{refbegin|40em}} * Arhin, Kwame (1993). ''The Life and Work of Kwame Nkrumah''. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, Inc. {{ISBN|9780865433953}} (08543395X) * Baynham, Simon (1988). ''The Military and Politics in Nkrumah's Ghana''. Westview Special Studies on Africa. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, Inc. (Frederick A. Praeger), {{ISBN|0-8133-70639}} * Biney, Ama. "The Legacy of Kwame Nkrumah in Retrospect." ''Journal of Pan African Studies'' 2.3 (2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210205064300/http://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/amcdouga/Hist247/winter_2014/resources/LegacyOfKwameNkrumah.pdf online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205064300/http://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/amcdouga/Hist247/winter_2014/resources/LegacyOfKwameNkrumah.pdf |date=5 February 2021 }}, historiography * Biney, Ama. ''The political and social thought of Kwame Nkrumah'' (2011). * Biney, Ama. "The Development of Kwame Nkrumah's Political Thought in Exile, 1966–1972." ''Journal of African History'' 50.1 (2009): 81–100. * Bretton, Henry L. ''The rise and fall of Kwame Nkrumah: a study of personal rule in Africa'' (1967). * {{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Basil |title=Black Star: A View of the Life and Times of Kwame Nkrumah |publisher=James Currey |location=Oxford, UK |orig-date=1973 |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-84701-010-0 }} * [[Defense Intelligence Agency]], "[https://www.governmentattic.org/docs/DIA_AnalysisKwameNkrumahOfGhana1966.pdf Supplement, Kwame Nkrumah, President of Ghana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707043023/http://www.governmentattic.org/docs/DIA_AnalysisKwameNkrumahOfGhana1966.pdf |date=7 July 2017 }}", 12-January-1966. * Gerits, Frank. "'When the Bull Elephants Fight': Kwame Nkrumah, Non-Alignment, and Pan-Africanism as an Interventionist Ideology in the Global Cold War (1957–66)." ''International History Review'' 37.5 (2015): 951–969. * Gocking, Roger S. ''The History of Ghana'' (2005). * {{cite book |last=James |first=C. L. R. |title=Nkrumah and the Ghana Revolution |location=London |publisher=[[Allison & Busby]] |year=1977 |isbn=0-85031-461-5 }} * {{cite journal |last= Mazrui |first= Ali |year= 1966 |title= Nkrumah: The Leninist Czar |journal= [[Transition Magazine|Transition]] |issue= 26 |pages= 8–17 |jstor= 2934320 |doi= 10.2307/2934320 }} * Milne, June. ''Kwame Nkrumah: a biography'' (1999). * {{Cite book |last=Mwakikagile |first=Godfrey |title=Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era |edition=Third |location=Pretoria, South Africa |publisher=New Africa Press |year=2006 |chapter=Nyerere and Nkrumah: Towards African Unity |pages=347–355 |isbn=0-9802534-1-1 }} * Mwakikagile, Godfrey (2015), ''Western Involvement in Nkrumah's Downfall''. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: New Africa Press. {{ISBN|9789987160044}} * Omari, T. Peter. ''Kwame Nkrumah: The anatomy of an African dictatorship'' (1970). * Pinkney, Robert (1972). ''Ghana Under Military Rule 1966–1969''. London: Methuen & Co Ltd. {{ISBN|0-41675080X}} * {{cite book |last=Poe |first=D. Zizwe |title=Kwame Nkrumah's Contribution to Pan-African Agency |location=New York |publisher=Routledge |year=2003 |isbn=0-203-50537-9 }} * Rooney, David. ''Kwame Nkrumah: The Political Kingdom in the Third World'' (1988). * Rui Lopes & Víctor Barros (2019) "[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07075332.2019.1703118 Amílcar Cabral and the Liberation of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde: International, Transnational, and Global Dimensions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701214035/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07075332.2019.1703118 |date=1 July 2020 }}." The International History Review. * {{cite magazine |magazine=[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]] |location=USA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=71nrBoK-ilEC&pg=PA138 |title=Kwame Nkrumah: the Fall of a Messiah |author=Sanders, Charles L. |date=September 1966 |access-date=27 June 2015 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418090705/https://books.google.com/books?id=71nrBoK-ilEC&pg=PA138 |url-status=live }} * Smertin, Yuri. ''[https://archive.org/details/nkrumahsmertin Kwame Nkrumah]''. Moscow: [[Progress Publishers]]. 1987. * Sonderegger, Arno (2016). "How the Empire Wrote Back: Notes on the Struggle of George Padmore and Kwame Nkrumah". In: ''Kwame Nkrumah 1909-1972: A Controversial African Visionary. Edited by Bea Lundt and Christoph Marx''. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag: 19-38. * {{cite book |last=Tuchscherer |first=Konrad |chapter=Kwame Francis Nwia Kofie Nkrumah |title=Encyclopedia of Modern Dictators |editor-first=Frank J |editor-last=Coppa |location=New York |publisher=Peter Lang |year=2006 |pages=217–20 |isbn=0-8204-5010-3 }} * {{cite web | title=Godfrey Mwakikagile: Eurocentric Africanist? | url=https://sites.google.com/site/intercontinentalbookcentre/godfrey-mwakikagile-a-eurocentric-pan-africanist | publisher=Intercontinental Book Centre | access-date=8 December 2021 | archive-date=20 February 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220064832/https://sites.google.com/site/intercontinentalbookcentre/godfrey-mwakikagile-a-eurocentric-pan-africanist | url-status=live }} * Žák, Tomáš František (2016). "Applying the Weapon of Theory: Comparing the Philosophy of Julius Kambarage Nyerere and Kwame Nkrumah". ''Journal of African Cultural Studies''. 28 (2): 147–160. [https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13696815.2015.1053798 doi:10.1080/13696815.2015.1053798] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418090711/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13696815.2015.1053798?cookieSet=1 |date=18 April 2023 }}. S2CID 146709996. {{refend}} ==Ziiri mine Liŋkiri== * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMY0iTcspNA Faces of Africa Kwame Nkrumah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905004516/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMY0iTcspNA |date=5 September 2019 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150205213907/http://kwamenkrumahmausoleumnkroful.ghana-net.net/ Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum and Museum at Nkroful, Western Region] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150122034817/http://ghana-net.com/accra---kwame-nkrumah-memorial-park Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park & Museum, Accra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122034817/http://www.ghana-net.com/accra---kwame-nkrumah-memorial-park |date=22 January 2015 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090212181831/http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&listing=Kwame%20Nkrumah&page=viewListing&lid=10&Itemid=36 Ghana-pedia Kwame Nkrumah] * [http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&listing=Operation%Cold%Chop&page=viewListing&lid=287&Itemid=36 Ghana-pedia ''Operation Cold Chop'': The Fall Of Kwame Nkrumah]{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} <!--dead domain* [http://www.vibeghana.com/ Dr Kwame Nkrumah]---> * [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/prof_kwamenkrumah.html Excerpt from ''Commanding Heights''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922050538/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/prof_kwamenkrumah.html |date=22 September 2017 }} by Daniel Yergin and Joseph Stanislaw * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927190754/http://www.cooperativeresearch.org/entity.jsp?entity=kwame_nkrumah Timeline of events related to the overthrow of Kwame Nkrumah] * [http://www.teachinginghana.com/index.php/2007/11/12/kwame-nkrumah-lectures-part-2/ The Kwame Nkrumah Lectures at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627181711/http://www.teachinginghana.com/index.php/2007/11/12/kwame-nkrumah-lectures-part-2/ |date=27 June 2008 }} * [http://www.nkrumah.net/ Kwame Nkrumah Information and Resource Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216040945/http://www.nkrumah.net/ |date=16 December 2008 }} * [http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/ghana/090925/ghana-honors-nkrumah-statue-moammar-gadhafi Ghana re-evaluates Nkrumah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305011403/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/ghana/090925/ghana-honors-nkrumah-statue-moammar-gadhafi |date=5 March 2016 }} by ''[[The Global Post]]'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090213044033/http://ghanaconscious.ghanathink.org/podcasts/2007/03/6th-march-1957-midnight-speech Dr Kwame Nkrumah's Midnight Speech on the day of Ghana's independence&nbsp;– 6 March 1957.] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9zYDxbJimw Newsreel on First Conference of Independent African States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709080810/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9zYDxbJimw |date=9 July 2015 }} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJ09mKNRN-8 "Father of Ghana's independence Kwame Nkrumah died 50 years ago • FRANCE 24 English"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428112349/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJ09mKNRN-8 |date=28 April 2024 }} {{s-start}} {{s-ppo}} {{s-new|office}} {{s-ttl|title=Leader of the [[Convention People's Party]]|years=1948–66}} {{s-aft|after=Position abolished}} |- {{s-off}} {{s-new|office}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Ghana|Prime Minister of the Gold Coast]]|years=1952–57}} {{s-aft|after=Himself as Prime Minister of Ghana}} |- {{s-bef|before=Himself as Prime Minister of the Gold Coast}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Ghana]]|years=1957–60}} {{s-vac|next=[[Kofi Abrefa Busia]]}} |- {{s-new|rows=2|office}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ghana)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]|years=1957–58}} {{s-aft|after=[[Kojo Botsio]]}} |- {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Defence (Ghana)|Minister for Defence]]|years=1957–60}} {{s-aft|after=[[Charles de Graft Dickson]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Krobo Edusei]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for the Interior (Ghana)|Minister for the Interior]]|years=1958}} {{s-aft|after=[[Ashford Emmanuel Inkumsah]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Elizabeth II]]|as=[[Queen of Ghana]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Ghana]]|years=1960–66}} {{s-aft|after=[[Joseph Arthur Ankrah]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Ebenezer Ako-Adjei]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ghana)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]|years=1962–63}} {{s-aft|after=[[Kojo Botsio]]}} |- {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity]]|years=1965–66}} {{s-aft|after=[[Joseph Arthur Ankrah]]}} {{s-end}} == {{Authority control}}Sommo Yizie == {{DEFAULTSORT:Nkrumah, Kwame}} [[Category:Kwame Nkrumah| ]] [[Category:1909 births]] [[Category:1972 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{{Databox|item=Q8620}} '''Dr. Francis Kwame Nkrumah''' (21 kavaare kyuu 1909-27 boŋŋo kyuu 1972) da e la [[Ghanaian]] pɔleteese, political theorist, ane revolutionary. Ona da daŋ e a [[prime minister]] danweɛ soba ane [[Ghana]] yidaandɔɔ, naŋ de weɛ neŋ [[Gold coast|Gold Coast]] ka ba nyɛ sommeŋɛ yi Britain 1957 poɔ.<ref name=":0">https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230361270_4</ref> Pan-Africanism, nɔmɛlmɛ neɛ, Nkrumah da e la mɛmba ko a organization of [[Africa|African]] unity ane neɛ naŋ di a Lenin peace prize yi a [[Soviet Union]] 1962 poɔ.<ref name=":1">https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public</ref> Yuomo pie ne ayi puoriŋ onaŋ wa be paaloŋ yobo tageraa o zannoo duoro saa, meɛrɛ o political philosophy ane nara ne o taa diasporic Pan-Africanists, Nkrumah leɛ wa la Gold Coast na piili o pɔletekal yɛlɛ naŋ e meŋɛ zɔɔ faabo. <ref name=":2">https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315018775</ref>O meɛ la Nɔdaa Paate (CPP), naŋ nyɛ baabo weoŋ yi o unprecedented appeal to the common voter. <ref>https://doi.org/10.5479%2Fsil.380651.39088006011662</ref>O leɛ la prime minister 1952 poɔ ane o leɛ are la ana vuo na Ghana naŋ wa nyɛ sommeŋɛ yi [[Britain]] 1957 poɔ. 1960 poɔ, Ghanaians da neɛ la nu iri bɛgɛ gampaalaa kyɛ ɛlɛte Nkrumah Yidaandɔɔ.<ref>https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctvk3gm60.17</ref> O naaŋ da are la socialist ane nationalist. O kaa la national industrial ane faŋa yɛlɛ, a eŋ baabo ganzanne eŋɛ oŋ e kpeɛŋaa ane a zɛge Pan-Africanist yipɔge oŋ do saa. Nkrumah wagere, Ghana toŋ la international yelerre yaga African a decolonization wagere.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-19455-4</ref> A zɔɔ maaroŋ wagere, Nkrumah da e la bone na a Wɛse naŋ maŋ boɔle ka authoritarian regime Ghana poɔ. Kwame Nkrumah ma yuori da la Elizabeth Nyanibah aŋ da yi Anon juriyɛ. Ka o ba meŋ yuori da e Kofi Nɡonloma aŋ da yi juriyɛ ŋa baŋ boɔna ka "Elephant". O da deɛ Helena Ritz Fathia Nkrumah baŋ da dɔɡe biihi bata, Francis Gokeh, Sarmiah Yarba aneŋ Sekou Ritz.<ref>"Kwame Nkrumah - Wikipedia" <nowiki>https://tw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah</nowiki></ref> == Yelkorɔ == === Pampana yelkorɔ === A Kumasi College ko Technology maŋ yuo la a 22 January 1952 neŋ 200 teekyare karembiiri naŋ yi Achimota wa, ka ba wa piili a a kolagyi. A October 1952, a sakuuri ko Engineering ane a Department ko Commerce da piilee naŋ da e a dɛndɛŋ soba. A Pharmacy Department da piilee January 1953, neŋ neɛ naŋ da e tontonna ko a Pharmacy yi a Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, ko a kolagyi. A department da zanna la yuomo ayi comprehensive course naŋ be a Pharmacy naŋ da vɛŋ ka ba maŋ terɛ Pharmacy Board Certificate. A Department ko a Agriculture meŋ da yuo la a yuoŋyeni ŋa poɔ naŋ da tere ad hoc zannoo dɔlɔ ko wagere mine, yi wagere fēē mine te wagere gyamaa mine, ko a Ministry of Agriculture. A Department ko General Studies da maalɛɛ ka o da wule biiri naŋ be Higher School Certificate Examinations kyaare Science ane Arts zanno dɔlɔ ane ka ba tere sobie zannoo dɔlɔ mine naŋ taa boɔbo mine ko departments sere mine. Yi 1952 te ta 1955, a sakuuri ko Engineering da kyɔɔrɛɛ sakubiiri kyaare neŋ professional qualifications yoŋ. A 1955, da taa la zannoo neŋ dɔlɔ mime naŋ da be a University of London Bachelor ko Engineering External Degree Examinations. A 1957, a sakuuri ko Architecture, Town Planning ane Building meŋ da piilee. A o sakubiiri dɛndɛŋ soba da piilee January 1958, kyaare professional zannoo dɔlɔ A kolagyi da yɔlɛɛ, o da eɛ a Kumasi kolagyi ko Technology naŋ da e science ane technology sakuuri. Mere naŋ beebe, a teekyɛre tureeni kolagyi, neŋ a ba paalebo ko Art Sakuuri, da la leɛre la yi January 1958, ko a Winneba tureeni kolagyi; a 1959 a Commerce Department da leɛre gaa la Achimota ka o da maale a Sakuuri kyaare Administration naŋ be a University of Ghana, Legon. A December 1960, a Gɔbena ko a Ghana da iree neɛ ko a University Commission ka o tere kpaamo kyaare neŋ a university zannoo saazu duobu yeltare, neŋ yeltare ka ba leɛre a University kolagyi gaaneŋ Ghana ane a Kumasi College of Technology gaaneŋ someŋɛ University of Ghana. Duoruu tuubu mine yi a commission naŋ da yi wieoŋ a 1961, a gɔbena da maalɛɛ a sommenne univɛnitiri naŋ be a Kumasi ane Legon, Accra. A Kumasi Kolagyi ko Technology da leɛre la gaa, yineŋ kaabo naŋ da be a R. P. Baffour, ko a full-fledged university, ane a yuori '''Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology''' yi a merɛ naŋ be a Parliament a 22 August 1961. A yuori da eɛ puoraa ko Kwame Nkrumah, naŋ e a dɛndɛŋ prime minister kyɛ ta wagere kaŋa da e a president ko a Ghana. A January 1966, Marr Grounds, naŋ e American/Australian yielŋmeɛrɛ naŋ kpeɛrɛ California, da nyɛ la iruuŋ kaŋa naŋ e karema ko a architecture a da maale yuomo ayi, kyɛ pãã da la leɛroo gaa a University of Sydney School ko Architecture, Design ane Planning a 1968. A yuori da taa leɛroo gaaneŋ University of Science ane Technology yi a zɔɔre puoriŋ a 24 February 1966. A University ko Science ane Technology da piilee a Wednesday, 20 November 1961. Neŋ a lɛ zaa, a merɛ kaŋa a Parliament (Act 559 a 1998) da leɛrɛɛ a yuori gaaneŋ a yuori meŋɛ waaloŋ, a Kwame Nkrumah University ko Science ane Technology, Kumasi. == Kampuusiri == === Kumasi kampuusi === A Kumasi kampuusi la a kampuusi kpoŋ ko a university. O na baŋ taɛ mɛlɛ ayɔpoi a zieŋ ane mɛlɛ anii (13 km) ko a east a Kumasi. O taa la a Central Administration ane deri menne mine. === Obuasi kampuusi === A Obuasi kampuusi piiluu saŋa da la a 4 November 2020 neŋ o da naŋ taa a inception a yuoni 2019 gba. O taa la 15 undergraduate programmes, naŋ e zannoo dɔlɔ ayɔpoi ko Engineering programmes, zannoo dɔlɔ anaare ko Business Administration programmes, zannoo dɔlɔ ata ko Allied Health Sciences programmes ane zannoo dɔlɔ yeni ko Science programme. == Organization ane administration == === Principal ɔfisiri === A principal officers ko a university la a chancellor, chairman ko a University Council ane vice-chancellor. A 2018, a wederoŋ vuo kyaare a chancellor da taa soɔbo ko a Asantehene Otumfuo Osei Tutu II. == Nyovori piiloo ane kanno-yelitaree == === Gold Coast === Kwame Nkrumah dogebu da e la Tuesday daare , 21 September 1909 <ref>https://www.mkgandhi.org/articles/nonviolence-of-Mahatma-Gandhi-in-Ghana.html</ref><ref>https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsehistory/2018/10/10/kwame-nkrumah-lse/</ref>a [[Nkroful, Gold Coast]] (now Ghana)<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1964/01/03/archives/man-in-the-news-an-african-enigma-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>. [[Nkroful]] da e la kuri bile a [[Nzema]] area, nang be a southwest ko a Gold Coast, nang pieli a frontier ning a French colony a ko a [[Ivory Coast.]] O ba da ba kpeira ning o yideme , kye da tona a [[Half Assini]] ziena ung zanne o goldsmith daabu yelitarihi awaana o kuung<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230205164542/https://www.uew.edu.gh/lib-fetured/ghana-autobiography-kwame-nkrumah</ref>. Kwame Nkrumah o ma ane yideme da guoloo, noba nang lang kpeira ane lasiri kye taa dogeriba nang be toori nang mang wa nyeba wagere ne wagere.O da kpeiree peenhibu o biibiilong wagere , a kuraa poung , a moo puong, nang da pieli a mani <ref>https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumah00davi</ref>. Wagere na o nang da be a sakuuri bie a [[United States]], ba da buonoo ka Francis Nwia Kofi Nkrumah, Kofi da e la [[Akan]] yuori ba nang mang ku dɔɔ ba doge Fridays<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press</ref>. Pouring ung leuhi a youri gaa Kwame Nkrumah in 1945 in the UK,yoe buoraa "Kwame"<ref>https://www.primenewsghana.com/politics/kwame-nkrumah-memorial-day-dr-kwame-nkrumah-a-son-of-the-soil.html</ref><ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>. A duoho a yi Ebenezer Obiri Addo o karembo gaa nimbituori paalikaara, a yuori "Nkrumah", a lasiri yuori ba nang mang ko a ninth child, wolee ka Kwame ‘mine kangang nyee zie a o Ba deu , nie nang taa poeba gyemaa<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201018205429/http://www.tvafrique.com/kwame-nkrumah/</ref>. O Ba, Opanyin Kofi Nwiana Ngolomah, yie Nkroful nang be a Nzema East pampana ba buola Ellembele, ung da e a Asona clan of the Akan Tribe. ziiri wolee ka Ngolomah kpee a [[Tarkwa-Nsuaem]] ane ung tung a goldsmith business<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170820160658/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/200909/27258.php</ref>. Ngolomah da taa gyirima ko a yeng ane kawani ko noba nang boura kawani yi o lasiri yela ane deu yele-taaree.O da kpiye ayuoni 1927<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170817034351/http://www.nkrumahinfobank.org/article.php?id=100&c=11</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>. Kwame da e la o Ma biyeni <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-0785-8</ref>. O gaanoo a elementary school nang da kaara yi a Catholic mission a Half Assini, ziena ung a sagi ka o e ye sakuri bizigilii<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref> . Anaazaa ka o Ma , nie ba nang da buola Elizabeth Nyanibah (1876/77–1979)<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170821212904/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/Archive/2000/499/profile.htm</ref>, puoring da leu yelee ka dogibo bebiri 1912, Nkrumah segee ka o dogibo bebiri e la 21 September 1909. O Ma yire e la Nsuaem kye ung yi a Agona family. o da e la zingkuora ane yaagu e-ra wagere ung da kuli sera<ref>https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.u158013</ref>. o dogibo beri anii puoring , o Ba da buoloo ka Francis Nwia-Kofi o nang da e dogera <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>kanga yuori,puori ka o ba ne o ma koo ka Francis Kwame Ngolomah<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170820160658/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/200909/27258.php</ref> O ‘nimbi-toori gaabu ning a yuon- pie fora-yeli-irihi yuomo anii puong . A yuoni 1925, o da e la bibiiri karemkanna a sakuri ane ung da e [[baptized]] nang be [[Catholic faith]]<ref>https://doi.org/10.1086%2F454260</ref>.kye da be a sakuuu ,noba buoloo ka [[Reverend Alec Garden Fraser]], ning kpong ko a Government Training College (soon to become [[Achimota School]]) nang be a Gold Coast's capital, Accra. Fraser maali ‘bing ko Nkrumah ka o zanne ŋa a karema nang be sakuu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFOwusu-Ansah</ref> . ziena[[, Columbia]]-educated deputy headmaster [[Kwegyir Aggrey]] da e-roo kyaare a teiha yi Marcus Garvey ane W. E. B. Du Bois. Aggrey, Fraser, ane ning jaani a Achimota puong anaazaa ka langtaa na bilabe ko a baloo kpachage nang kaara a Gold Coast, kye Nkrumah, echoing Garvey, leu wa teiha ka ningsagne baloo minga kaabo da naang tuong taa haakili‘yeni ba buuri kpachaga<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFAddo</ref>. Ung da nye o karima mine sieree gbangu yi a [[Prince of Wales' College]] a Achimota a yuoni 1930<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>, Nkrumah da nyee karembu toma nang be Roman Catholic primary school in [[Elmina]] a yuoni 1931<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>. A pari a pari yuoni boyeni, o da e la a karima mine ning kpong ko a [[Axim]]. A Axim, o da piilee kpieree paalikaa yelitarihikye leu te be a Nzema Literary Society. A yuoni 1933, ba e-roo ung e karema ko a Catholic seminary at Amissano<ref>https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28819/1/10672987.pdf</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref>. Anaazaa ka be kpiebo da e la tuo ,kye o un da nung bila, ane o na da buora ka o leu Jesuit. Nkrumah o da wonye a ‘duohi-seura ane nimbituri [[Nigerian]] paalikaara [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] yela kye sukuri biiri a Achimota; a daba bai da nyee taa kye <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref> Azikiwe's haakila teibo da paahi Nkrumah nungbo a black nationalism<ref>https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195301731.013.40103</ref>.A karema bile da buora ka o karim gaa nimbituori. Azikiwe da gaa la [[Lincoln University,]] a [[historically black college]] nang be [[Chester County, Pennsylvania]], west ko [[Philadelphia]], kye e Nkrumah kawani ka o kpe be<ref>https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230603486</ref>. Nkrumah,da fieliye u daanuori; teesi ko a [[London University]],o da nyee sungbo ko o yuobo ane o sakuuri yelitaree yi o dogereba seng .o da chenye gaa [[Britain]], ziena ung zanne, ko o nimbikuoniiyi Italy's ngmaabu ko [[Ethiopia]], a paaloo bonyeni kanga yi a independent African nations. o da gaa a [[United States]], a October 1935<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/222725</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref> === United States === A yi ayeli’kori seuseura [[John Henrik Clarke]] o atiklehi ku a Nkrumah's American sojourn, " a haakila leubo yi a yuom-pie ung nang da be a [[United States]] da taa naaribo jeri nyiibu ko o nyovore chelee nang kpaling." Nkrumah da moo nye kpiebu ko [[Lincoln University]] wagere kanga seni ung piilee karembo a beng<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFClarke</ref>. == 1966 coup d'état == See also: [[National Liberation Council § 1966 coup]] A February 1966, kye ka Nkrumah da bila sori gara ka o ta nye a [[North Vietnam]] ane China, o paalikaa da ihi nie naalung ‘kogong a miihuu ''coup d'état'' ang dia zu yi a paaloo [[military]] ane [[police]] forces, ning sungbu yi a civil service<ref>https://ghanaremembers.com/stories/people/kwame-nkrumah-a-biography-of-ghanas-first-president.html</ref>. A noba nang da buora ka ba toung beu conspirators, ‘yie diera da e-ye [[Joseph Arthur Ankrah,]] da kuye ba mine yuori ka a [[National Liberation Council]] ane o kaabo awa soje yela paalikaabo yuomo ata agaa . Nkrumah da zanne ko a coup sene ung da te-ta a China. A coup puoring,Nkrumah da kpee a Beijing beri anaare, ane Premier [[Zhou Enlai]] da kaakoo ning gyirima <ref>https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00064246.1972.11431232</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/news/876767/the-confused-moments-of-nkrumah-in-china-after-the-coup.html</ref>. == Foomaraa leubu ane kuung == Main article: [[Death and state funeral of Kwame Nkrumah]] Nkrumah kpeing a 27 April 1972, a [[Bucharest]], a teng kpong ku a [[Romania]],ko yela babanginuu kye ang ba sogili baalung. a coup wagere , o daang kpiera a Guinean teng-kpong ko Conakry, ang jeng ‘tengeng wagiri nga. == Daanhibu ane Cheng bung == O wagere, Nkrumah da nyee Kyɔɔtaɛ ko awarded honorary doctorates yi universities jemaa a paahi [[Lincoln University (Pennsylvania), Moscow State University]] (USSR), [[Cairo University]] ([[Egypt]]), [[Jagiellonian University]] [[(Poland]]), ane [[Humboldt University (East Germany)]]<ref>http://www.kwamenkrumahcentenary.org/esi_speech.html</ref>. A yi a ‘nimbiyuo ‘sieree gbanseu ‘binnuu barebo yi a [[U.S. Department of State's Office of the Historian]], "Nkrumah da e-ree yele gyemaa ka o ligiri bung ‘muning ko a [U.S. government] buobo gang a black African jaa<ref>https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v26/d201</ref> ." A September 2009, President [[John Atta Mills]] da wulee a 21 September (the 100th anniversary of Kwame Nkrumah's birth) ung e a [[Founders' Day]], a kparaama pennuu ‘bebiri a Gaana ka ba teihe a nabaali yela ko Kwame Nkrumah<ref>http://www.modernghana.com/news/236431/1/nkrumahs-birthday-declared-a-holiday.html</ref>. A April 2019, President Akufo-Addo da sagi ku a Public Holidays (Amendment) Act 2019 nang leure a 21 September yi Founders' Day gaa[[Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Day]]<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/President-Akufo-Addo-assents-to-Public-Holidays-Amendment-Act-2019-744767</ref>. == Meŋa nyɔvore-yele == Kwame Nkrumah kulee [[Fathia Ritzk]], an [[Egyptian Coptic]] bank tongtuna ane sakuuri karema koree , a ‘zi-maanii o na da waana a Gaana pou: New Year's Eve, 1957–1958<ref>http://www.nathanielturner.com/fathiankrumahfarewell.htm</ref>. Fathia's ma da zaahiye ka o buoli ngmini ko o ba kuli-taa yele ne puong, o bie kanga nang da yi ne a dau saana<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200610125740/https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/here-are-all-the-first-ladies-of-ghana-since-independence/0l2k3hw</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/1095/fathia-the-rock-of-the-nkrumah-family.html</ref>. Aŋa kuli-taa deme, Fathia ane Nkrumah da taa biiri bata : Gamal (born 1958), Samia (born 1960) ane Sekou (born 1964). [[Gamal]] da e la ‘duohi-saamba gbangu seura , ky ka [[Samia]] ane Sekou ming da e la paalikaa tuntuniba . Nkrumah da taa bidau zaala, Francis, a paediatrician (born 1935)<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20181019075818/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2014/September-22nd/africa-must-re-examine-implement-nkrumahs-ideas-francis-nkrumah.php</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190406213932/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Kwame-Nkrumah-s-unknown-son-surfaces-235004</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190904212017/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/social/201507/249589.php</ref><ref>https://www.knust.edu.gh/about/knust/history</ref>. == O Yeli yaɡa Ŋmaara Mine == "N nuŋ yɛŋ ka N so n meŋa kyɛ be dɔɡee poɔŋ ɡaa ka N ta so n meŋa" "Ghana meŋa soubu ba tare tɔna jaa ka Africa paaluu jaa ba so o meŋa" "Africa taree sɔre ka te laŋtaa" "Nimitɔɔre ɡaabu yoŋ, boɔre ɡaabu kyibe" "Eŋ ba e neɛ aŋ yɛli ka N yie Africa baŋ dɔɡe ma Africa kye juŋ, eŋ eɛ neɛ aŋ yi Africa bojuŋ ba dɔɡee Africa eŋ eŋan" "Te ihee panpana. Te daŋ kula ɡbihi jaa. Aŋ yi jine ɡara, Africa paalaa waɛ dunee" "Ka neɛ era yɛla kyɛ ba tieha eɛ yelkpala. Ka neɛ tieha kyɛ ba ihi era eɛ wa jɔŋloŋ"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> "Neɛ jaa aŋ yi Africa, ka e bie "North" bee "South America", "Carrabean" dɛme bee dunee lombori jiejaa baŋ be eɛ nuba aŋ yi Africa"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> "Meŋa soɔbu ba e boŋ eŋ na de ko neɛ a wa kyeotaa. Yɛ boŋ la neɛ meŋ jaa koŋ baŋ bimuu koɛ"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> ==== vuune toma mine ==== Nkrumah's da terɛɛ sommo ko a industrial development, sommo ko a Minister of Finance, Komla Agbeli Gbedema, ko a Volta River Project: a Meɛbo ko a hydroelectric power plant, a Akosombo Dam kyaare a Volta River a eastern Ghana. A Volta River Project da la a duoruu terɛ ko Nkrumah's economic programme. A 20 February 1958, o da yeli ko la National Assembly: "n taa la sagedeebo kpeɛŋaa ko a Volta River Project naŋ maŋ terɛ a sobie naŋ maŋ vɛŋ ka te kpɛ a economic independence." Ghana da nyɛ sommo yi United States, Israel ane a World Bank ka ba mɛ dampo. Kaiser Aluminum da sagɛɛ ka ba da mɛ a dampo ko Nkrumah, kyɛ da are neŋ feeroŋ neŋ boma na ba naŋ na de maale neŋ a fintindigili. Nkrumah da pɛŋɛɛ libie ka ba da mɛ neŋ a dampo, naŋ da vɛŋ sanne da be a Ghana. Ka ba da soŋ yɔɔ a sane, o da duorɛɛŋ zuyɔɔ naŋ be cocoa koɔreba a south. Ŋaa da vɛŋɛɛ nimikpɛ yɛlɛ da bebe. A dampo Meɛbo da baarɛɛ kyɛ naŋ piili a Nkrumah amidst global publicity a 22 January 1966. Nkrumah da wanne la Ghana Nuclear Reactor Project a 1961, naŋ taa piiluu a Ghana Atomic Energy Commission a 1963, ane a 1964 naŋ da vɛŋ a kuuri dɛndɛŋ ka o da e a atomic energy facility. ==== Cocoa ==== A 1954 a tendaa zaa cocoa daaroŋ da zɛge do ko a cocoa koɔba ka ba are ko windfall, Nkrumah da senne neŋ la a duobu ko central government levies, naŋ da vɛŋ ka o da areko a national development projects. A yɛlɛ ama mine da soŋ o la ka o da la do wederoŋ. Boma daaroŋ da naŋ duoro saa. A 1960 a cocoa baagyi daaroŋ da arɛɛ £250 a London. A August 1965 a daaroŋ da arɛɛ £91. A daaroŋ duobu da sigee yi a Gɔbena naŋ da areko a boŋguri ane koɔba ka ba da nyɛ a arekoobo. === Saakonnoŋ === Nkrumah da eɛ ardent promoterko a pan-Africanism, naŋ nyɛ gaabo e ''"quest for regional integration of the whole of the African continent"''. A saŋa ko Nkrumah's nimizeeloŋ ko politisi taa la mannoo naŋ e "golden age of high pan-African ambitions"; a continent da nyɛɛ nationalist movements ane decolonization ko a European colonial powers, ane historians da nyɛ la duoruu ka "a mannoo ane solidarity da nyɛɛ momentum naŋ be a pan-Africanist movement". Naŋ leɛ teɛre African heritage, Nkrumah gbɛɛ gyamaa na maŋ eschewed Western fashion, donning a fugu (a Northern attire) naŋ taa Southern-produced Kente cloth, a banaa taa la bambo. O da paalɛɛ a piiluu a Ghana Museum a 5 March 1957; a Arts Council of Ghana, a wing ko a Ministry of Education ane Culture, a 1958; a Research Library a African Affairs a June 1961; ane a Ghana Film Corporation a 1964. A 1962, Nkrumah naŋ taa yuobu a Institute of African Studies. A campaign yineŋ nudity naŋ be a northern naŋ paale a teŋɛ naŋ nyɛ special attention yi Nkrumah, naŋ da nyɛ Propaganda Secretary Hannah Cudjoe ka ba tere yeluu. Cudjoe meŋ da maalɛɛ a Ghana Women's League, naŋ da zɛge a Party's agenda kyaare nutrition, biiri guoluu, ane bonsuuri suubu. A League meŋ da la yi la zɔɔre naŋ da taa sommo ko French nuclear weapons a Sahara. Cudjoe wasda iree consolidation kyaare national women's groups, a da vɛŋ sentaaloŋ be a Party poɔŋ. Merɛ da bebe a 1959 ane 1960 naŋ da kyaare wederoŋ mine a parliament naŋ da taa wederoŋ neŋ pɔge. Pɔgeba mine da taa la zɛgebo gaa CPP Central Committee. Pɔgeba gyamaa da gaa la Yunivɛniti, a da furi tonsonne mine teseŋ medicine ane law, kyɛ da la gaa neŋ professional trips a Israel, a Soviet Union, ane a Eastern Bloc. Pɔgeba meŋ da kpɛɛ sogyaaloŋ ane air force. Pɔgeba gyamaa da be la koɔbo ane yɛroŋ; bamine da nyɛɛ sommo yi Co-operative Movement. Nkrumah's enfuomo da yɛre pɔgɛɛ a zie zaa, teseŋ, a postage stamps ane a libie, naŋ taa yitaaloŋ neŋ monarchs – naŋ terɛ fodder gɛgɛroŋ naŋ bebe ko Nkrumahist ka o paalɛɛ kɔlt. ==Kyɔɔtaɛ== ===Tenne mine Kyɔɔtaɛ=== {{Clear}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |- ! style="width:90px;" | Ribbon ! style="width:350px;" | Distinction ! style="width:120px;" | Country ! style="width:120px;" | Date ! Reference |- | [[File:EGY Order of the Nile - Grand Cordon BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Nile]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Egypt|1922}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1957 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite book |editor1-last=Danquah |editor1-first=Moses |title=Ghana: One Year Old. A First Independence Anniversary Review |date=1958 |publisher=Publicity Promotions |location=Accra |page=32 |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/2008700208/ |access-date=5 May 2025}} |- | [[File:LBN National Order of the Cedar - Grand Cordon BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cordon of the [[National Order of the Cedar]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Lebanon}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1957 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- | [[File:Order of the Yugoslavian Great Star Rib.png|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | [[Order of the Yugoslav Star|Order of the Yugoslav Great Star]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Yugoslavia|1946}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2 March 1961 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite news |title=Председник Тито предао председнику Нкрумаху Ореден велике југословенске звезде |url=http://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp%7Cissue:UB_00064_19610303%7Cpage:4%7Cquery:%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%20%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%20%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5 |access-date=6 May 2025 |work=[[Borba (newspaper)|Borba]] |date=3 March 1961 |language=sr}} |- | [[File:CZE Rad Bileho Lva 3 tridy BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Collar of the [[Order of the White Lion]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Czechoslovakia}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2 August 1961 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=Československý řád Bílého lva 1923–1990 |url=https://www.prazskyhradarchiv.cz/file/edee/vyznamenani/cs_rbl.pdf |publisher=Archivu Kanceláře prezidenta republiky |access-date=5 May 2025 |page=130 |language=cs}} |- | [[File:Order of the Elephant Ribbon bar.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | [[Lenin Peace Prize]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Soviet Union|1955}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 30 April 1962 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite news |title=Picasso Gets Lenin Prize |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1873&dat=19620501&id=dsAeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bsoEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6210,37008 |access-date=6 May 2025 |work=Daytona Beach Morning Journal |date=1 May 1962}} |- | [[File:Cordone di gran Croce di Gran Cordone OMRI BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Italy}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 25 September 1963 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=Elenco dei Cavalieri di Gran Croce, decorati di Gran Cordone dell'Ordine, defunti |url=https://archivio.quirinale.it/materiali-pubblicazioni/onorificenze/ASPR_Onorificenze_Cavalieri_di_Gran_Croce_Gran_Cordone.pdf |publisher=Portale storico della Presidenza della Repubblica |access-date=5 May 2025 |language=it}} |- | [[File:POL Polonia Restituta Wielki BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cross of the [[Order of Polonia Restituta]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Poland}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1965 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite book |last1=Stela |first1=Wojciech |title=Polskie ordery i odznaczenia (Vol. I) |date=2008 |location=Warsaw |page=49}} |- | [[File:Order of the Companions of O.R. Tambo (ribbon bar).gif|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Supreme Companion of the [[Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|South Africa}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 16 June 2004(posthumously) | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=2004 National Orders awards |url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/people/nationalorders2004.htm |website=SouthAfrica.info |access-date=5 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204092331/http://www.southafrica.info/about/people/nationalorders2004.htm#.VrMYl-zP32c |archive-date=4 February 2016}} |} ==Kwame Nkrumah Toma O Naŋ Toŋ== [[File:1989 CPA 6101.jpg|thumb|right|A postage stamp from the [[Soviet Union]] marking the 80th anniversary of his birth]] [[File:Independence Arch - Accra, Ghana1.jpg|thumb|Independence Arch in Accra]] * "Negro History: European Government in Africa", ''The Lincolnian'', 12 April 1938, p.&nbsp;2 (Lincoln University, Pennsylvania) – see [https://web.archive.org/web/20090817175003/http://www.lincoln.edu/library/project.html Special Collections and Archives, Lincoln University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817175003/http://www.lincoln.edu/library/project.html |date=17 August 2009 }}{{Cite journal|last=Bontemps|first=Arna|date=20 April 2017|title=Lincoln and the Negro|journal=University of Illinois Press|volume=1|doi=10.5406/illinois/9780252037696.003.0005}} * "Primitive Education in West Africa," ''Educational Outlook,'' January 1941 (University of Pennsylvania). [https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-primitive-education/ See] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303212548/https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-primitive-education/ |date=3 March 2024 }} * "Education and Nationalism in Africa," ''Educational Outlook,'' November 1943 (University of Pennsylvania). [https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-education-nationalism/ See] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303212548/https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-education-nationalism/ |date=3 March 2024 }} * ''Ghana: The Autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah'' (1957). {{ISBN|0-901787-60-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Ghana: the autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah|date=2002|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-60-4|edition=Africa's 100 best books|location=London|oclc=51932153}} * ''Africa Must Unite'' (1963). {{ISBN|0-901787-13-2}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Africa must unite|date=1963|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-13-2|location=London|oclc=6567302}} * ''African Personality'' (1963){{Cite book|last=Mead, Margaret |title=Technique & personality|date=1963|publisher=Museum of Primitive Art|oclc=603547274}} {{blockquote|The essence of neo-colonialism is that the State which is subject to it is, in theory, independent and has all the outward trappings of international sovereignty. In reality its economic system and thus its political policy is directed from outside.|Introduction}} * ''Neo-Colonialism, the Last Stage of Imperialism'' (1965){{Cite journal|last1=Tiger|first1=Lionel|last2=Nkrumah|first2=Kwame|date=1966|title=Neo-Colonialism. The Last Stage of Imperialism|journal=International Journal|volume=22|issue=1|pages=161|doi=10.2307/40199801|jstor=40199801|s2cid=143584107 |issn=0020-7020}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Neo-colonialism: the last stage of imperialism.|date=1990|publisher=Panaf|oclc=59982527}} * ''Axioms of Kwame Nkrumah'' (1967). {{ISBN|0-901787-54-X}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Kwame Nkrumah: the Conakry years, his life and letters|date=1990|publisher=PANAF|others=Milne, June 1920–|isbn=0-901787-53-1|location=London|oclc=22733303}} * ''African Socialism Revisited'' (1967){{Cite journal|date=October 1967|title=African Socialism|journal=International Affairs|volume=43|issue=4|pages=779|doi=10.1093/ia/43.4.779|issn=1468-2346}} * ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nGB1AAAAMAAJ Challenge of the Congo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405030326/https://books.google.com/books?id=nGB1AAAAMAAJ |date=5 April 2023 }}'' (1967) *''Voice From Conakry'' (1967). {{ISBN|90-17-87027-3}} * ''Dark Days in Ghana'' (1968). {{ISBN|0-7178-0046-6}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Dark days in Ghana|date=1972|publisher=Internat. Publ|isbn=0-7178-0046-6|edition=Repr|location=New York|oclc=796074108}} * ''Handbook of Revolutionary Warfare'' (1968). {{ISBN|0-7178-0226-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Handbook of revolutionary warfare: a guide to the armed phase of the African revolution|date=1975|publisher=International Publishers|isbn=0-7178-0226-4|edition=1st U.S.|location=New York|oclc=8095708}} * ''The Way Out, "Civilian Rule" Fraud and A Call for Positive Action and Armed Struggle'' (1970){{Cite book |last=Nkrumah |first=Kwame |title=The Way Out, "Civilian Rule" Fraud and A Call for Positive Action and Armed Struggle |publisher=Panaf Books |year=1970 |edition=Reprinted |location=University of London, Senate House Library} * ''Consciencism: Philosophy and Ideology for De-Colonisation'' (1970). {{ISBN|0-901787-11-6}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Consciencism: philosophy and ideology for decolonisation|date=1978|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-11-6|location=London|oclc=16613918}} * ''Class Struggle in Africa'' (1970). {{ISBN|0-901787-12-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Class struggle in Africa.|date=1970|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-12-4|location=London|oclc=153293}} * ''The Struggle Continues'' (1973). {{ISBN|0-901787-41-8}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=The struggle continues: six ... pamphlets|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-41-8|location=London|oclc=3073780} * ''I Speak of Freedom'' (1973). {{ISBN|0-901787-14-0}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=I speak of freedom|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-14-0|location=London |oclc=16236424}} * ''Revolutionary Path'' (1973). {{ISBN|978-0-901787-22-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Revolutionary path.|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-22-1|location=London|oclc=764869}} == Tigri == Yelyaga boɔbo leɛ kaa Kwame Nkrumah tigiri == Meŋ Kaa Kyɛ == Nkrumah gɔbena == Kyɛle kyɛ == {{notelist}} == Meŋɛ Nyɔvooroŋ == * {{Cite book |last=Addo |first=Ebenezer Obiri |title=Kwame Nkrumah: A Case Study of Religion and Politics in Ghana |publisher=University Press of America|year=1997 |isbn=978-0-7618-0785-8|ref={{sfnRef|Addo}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Birmingham |first=David |title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Father of African Nationalism |publisher=Ohio University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8214-1242-8|ref={{sfnRef|Birmingham}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Bourret |first=F. M. |title=Ghana—The Road to Independence |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1960|edition=Revised|orig-date=1949 |oclc= 414362 |ref={{sfnRef|Bourret}} }} * {{cite journal |title=Kwame Nkrumah: His years in America|last=Clarke|first=John Henrik|volume=6|issue=2|date=October 1974|journal=[[The Black Scholar]]|pages=9–16|doi=10.1080/00064246.1974.11431459 |jstor=41065759|s2cid=141785632 |ref={{sfnRef|Clarke}} }} * {{cite book |last=Fuller|first=Harcourt|year=2014|title=Building the Ghanaian Nation-State|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-44856-9 |ref={{sfnRef|Fuller}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Mazrui |first=Ali |author-link=Ali Mazrui|title=Nkrumah's Legacy and Africa's Triple Heritage Between Globalization and Counter Terrorism |publisher=Ghana Universities Press|year=2004 |isbn=978-9964-3-0296-2|ref={{sfnRef|Mazrui}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Owusu-Ansah |first=David |title=Biographical Dictionary of Ghana |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-8108-7242-4|edition=4th|ref={{sfnRef|Owusu-Ansah}} }} * {{Cite book|last=Rooney|first=David|year=1988|title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Political Kingdom in the Third World|publisher=St. Martin's Press|ref={{sfnRef|Rooney}}|isbn=978-0-312-02479-6|url=https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumah00davi}} * {{Cite book|last=Sherwood|first=Marika|author-link=Marika Sherwood|year=1996|title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Years Abroad 1935–1947|publisher=Freedom Publications|isbn=978-9988-7716-0-7|ref={{sfnRef|Sherwood}}|url=https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumahyear00sher_0}} * {{Cite book |last=Thompson |first=W. Scott |title=Ghana's Foreign Policy 1957–1966 |url=https://archive.org/details/ghanasforeignpol1969wsco |url-access=registration |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1969 |oclc=2616|ref={{sfnRef|Thompson}} }} == Nimitɔɔre mine kannoo == {{refbegin|40em}} * Arhin, Kwame (1993). ''The Life and Work of Kwame Nkrumah''. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, Inc. {{ISBN|9780865433953}} (08543395X) * Baynham, Simon (1988). ''The Military and Politics in Nkrumah's Ghana''. Westview Special Studies on Africa. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, Inc. (Frederick A. Praeger), {{ISBN|0-8133-70639}} * Biney, Ama. "The Legacy of Kwame Nkrumah in Retrospect." ''Journal of Pan African Studies'' 2.3 (2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210205064300/http://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/amcdouga/Hist247/winter_2014/resources/LegacyOfKwameNkrumah.pdf online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205064300/http://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/amcdouga/Hist247/winter_2014/resources/LegacyOfKwameNkrumah.pdf |date=5 February 2021 }}, historiography * Biney, Ama. ''The political and social thought of Kwame Nkrumah'' (2011). * Biney, Ama. "The Development of Kwame Nkrumah's Political Thought in Exile, 1966–1972." ''Journal of African History'' 50.1 (2009): 81–100. * Bretton, Henry L. ''The rise and fall of Kwame Nkrumah: a study of personal rule in Africa'' (1967). * {{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Basil |title=Black Star: A View of the Life and Times of Kwame Nkrumah |publisher=James Currey |location=Oxford, UK |orig-date=1973 |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-84701-010-0 }} * [[Defense Intelligence Agency]], "[https://www.governmentattic.org/docs/DIA_AnalysisKwameNkrumahOfGhana1966.pdf Supplement, Kwame Nkrumah, President of Ghana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707043023/http://www.governmentattic.org/docs/DIA_AnalysisKwameNkrumahOfGhana1966.pdf |date=7 July 2017 }}", 12-January-1966. * Gerits, Frank. "'When the Bull Elephants Fight': Kwame Nkrumah, Non-Alignment, and Pan-Africanism as an Interventionist Ideology in the Global Cold War (1957–66)." ''International History Review'' 37.5 (2015): 951–969. * Gocking, Roger S. ''The History of Ghana'' (2005). * {{cite book |last=James |first=C. L. R. |title=Nkrumah and the Ghana Revolution |location=London |publisher=[[Allison & Busby]] |year=1977 |isbn=0-85031-461-5 }} * {{cite journal |last= Mazrui |first= Ali |year= 1966 |title= Nkrumah: The Leninist Czar |journal= [[Transition Magazine|Transition]] |issue= 26 |pages= 8–17 |jstor= 2934320 |doi= 10.2307/2934320 }} * Milne, June. ''Kwame Nkrumah: a biography'' (1999). * {{Cite book |last=Mwakikagile |first=Godfrey |title=Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era |edition=Third |location=Pretoria, South Africa |publisher=New Africa Press |year=2006 |chapter=Nyerere and Nkrumah: Towards African Unity |pages=347–355 |isbn=0-9802534-1-1 }} * Mwakikagile, Godfrey (2015), ''Western Involvement in Nkrumah's Downfall''. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: New Africa Press. {{ISBN|9789987160044}} * Omari, T. Peter. ''Kwame Nkrumah: The anatomy of an African dictatorship'' (1970). * Pinkney, Robert (1972). ''Ghana Under Military Rule 1966–1969''. London: Methuen & Co Ltd. {{ISBN|0-41675080X}} * {{cite book |last=Poe |first=D. Zizwe |title=Kwame Nkrumah's Contribution to Pan-African Agency |location=New York |publisher=Routledge |year=2003 |isbn=0-203-50537-9 }} * Rooney, David. ''Kwame Nkrumah: The Political Kingdom in the Third World'' (1988). * Rui Lopes & Víctor Barros (2019) "[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07075332.2019.1703118 Amílcar Cabral and the Liberation of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde: International, Transnational, and Global Dimensions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701214035/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07075332.2019.1703118 |date=1 July 2020 }}." The International History Review. * {{cite magazine |magazine=[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]] |location=USA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=71nrBoK-ilEC&pg=PA138 |title=Kwame Nkrumah: the Fall of a Messiah |author=Sanders, Charles L. |date=September 1966 |access-date=27 June 2015 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418090705/https://books.google.com/books?id=71nrBoK-ilEC&pg=PA138 |url-status=live }} * Smertin, Yuri. ''[https://archive.org/details/nkrumahsmertin Kwame Nkrumah]''. Moscow: [[Progress Publishers]]. 1987. * Sonderegger, Arno (2016). "How the Empire Wrote Back: Notes on the Struggle of George Padmore and Kwame Nkrumah". In: ''Kwame Nkrumah 1909-1972: A Controversial African Visionary. Edited by Bea Lundt and Christoph Marx''. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag: 19-38. * {{cite book |last=Tuchscherer |first=Konrad |chapter=Kwame Francis Nwia Kofie Nkrumah |title=Encyclopedia of Modern Dictators |editor-first=Frank J |editor-last=Coppa |location=New York |publisher=Peter Lang |year=2006 |pages=217–20 |isbn=0-8204-5010-3 }} * {{cite web | title=Godfrey Mwakikagile: Eurocentric Africanist? | url=https://sites.google.com/site/intercontinentalbookcentre/godfrey-mwakikagile-a-eurocentric-pan-africanist | publisher=Intercontinental Book Centre | access-date=8 December 2021 | archive-date=20 February 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220064832/https://sites.google.com/site/intercontinentalbookcentre/godfrey-mwakikagile-a-eurocentric-pan-africanist | url-status=live }} * Žák, Tomáš František (2016). "Applying the Weapon of Theory: Comparing the Philosophy of Julius Kambarage Nyerere and Kwame Nkrumah". ''Journal of African Cultural Studies''. 28 (2): 147–160. [https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13696815.2015.1053798 doi:10.1080/13696815.2015.1053798] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418090711/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13696815.2015.1053798?cookieSet=1 |date=18 April 2023 }}. S2CID 146709996. {{refend}} ==Ziiri mine Liŋkiri== * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMY0iTcspNA Faces of Africa Kwame Nkrumah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905004516/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMY0iTcspNA |date=5 September 2019 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150205213907/http://kwamenkrumahmausoleumnkroful.ghana-net.net/ Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum and Museum at Nkroful, Western Region] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150122034817/http://ghana-net.com/accra---kwame-nkrumah-memorial-park Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park & Museum, Accra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122034817/http://www.ghana-net.com/accra---kwame-nkrumah-memorial-park |date=22 January 2015 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090212181831/http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&listing=Kwame%20Nkrumah&page=viewListing&lid=10&Itemid=36 Ghana-pedia Kwame Nkrumah] * [http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&listing=Operation%Cold%Chop&page=viewListing&lid=287&Itemid=36 Ghana-pedia ''Operation Cold Chop'': The Fall Of Kwame Nkrumah]{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} <!--dead domain* [http://www.vibeghana.com/ Dr Kwame Nkrumah]---> * [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/prof_kwamenkrumah.html Excerpt from ''Commanding Heights''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922050538/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/prof_kwamenkrumah.html |date=22 September 2017 }} by Daniel Yergin and Joseph Stanislaw * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927190754/http://www.cooperativeresearch.org/entity.jsp?entity=kwame_nkrumah Timeline of events related to the overthrow of Kwame Nkrumah] * [http://www.teachinginghana.com/index.php/2007/11/12/kwame-nkrumah-lectures-part-2/ The Kwame Nkrumah Lectures at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627181711/http://www.teachinginghana.com/index.php/2007/11/12/kwame-nkrumah-lectures-part-2/ |date=27 June 2008 }} * [http://www.nkrumah.net/ Kwame Nkrumah Information and Resource Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216040945/http://www.nkrumah.net/ |date=16 December 2008 }} * [http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/ghana/090925/ghana-honors-nkrumah-statue-moammar-gadhafi Ghana re-evaluates Nkrumah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305011403/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/ghana/090925/ghana-honors-nkrumah-statue-moammar-gadhafi |date=5 March 2016 }} by ''[[The Global Post]]'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090213044033/http://ghanaconscious.ghanathink.org/podcasts/2007/03/6th-march-1957-midnight-speech Dr Kwame Nkrumah's Midnight Speech on the day of Ghana's independence&nbsp;– 6 March 1957.] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9zYDxbJimw Newsreel on First Conference of Independent African States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709080810/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9zYDxbJimw |date=9 July 2015 }} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJ09mKNRN-8 "Father of Ghana's independence Kwame Nkrumah died 50 years ago • FRANCE 24 English"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428112349/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJ09mKNRN-8 |date=28 April 2024 }} {{s-start}} {{s-ppo}} {{s-new|office}} {{s-ttl|title=Leader of the [[Convention People's Party]]|years=1948–66}} {{s-aft|after=Position abolished}} |- {{s-off}} {{s-new|office}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Ghana|Prime Minister of the Gold Coast]]|years=1952–57}} {{s-aft|after=Himself as Prime Minister of Ghana}} |- {{s-bef|before=Himself as Prime Minister of the Gold Coast}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Ghana]]|years=1957–60}} {{s-vac|next=[[Kofi Abrefa Busia]]}} |- {{s-new|rows=2|office}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ghana)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]|years=1957–58}} {{s-aft|after=[[Kojo Botsio]]}} |- {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Defence (Ghana)|Minister for Defence]]|years=1957–60}} {{s-aft|after=[[Charles de Graft Dickson]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Krobo Edusei]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for the Interior (Ghana)|Minister for the Interior]]|years=1958}} {{s-aft|after=[[Ashford Emmanuel Inkumsah]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Elizabeth II]]|as=[[Queen of Ghana]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Ghana]]|years=1960–66}} {{s-aft|after=[[Joseph Arthur Ankrah]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Ebenezer Ako-Adjei]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ghana)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]|years=1962–63}} {{s-aft|after=[[Kojo Botsio]]}} |- {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity]]|years=1965–66}} {{s-aft|after=[[Joseph Arthur Ankrah]]}} {{s-end}} == {{Authority control}}Sommo Yizie == {{DEFAULTSORT:Nkrumah, Kwame}} [[Category:Kwame Nkrumah| ]] [[Category:1909 births]] [[Category:1972 deaths]] [[Category:African revolutionaries]] [[Category:Chairpersons of the African Union]] [[Category:Alumni of Achimota School]] [[Category:Alumni of the London School of Economics]] [[Category:Anti-imperialists]] [[Category:Convention People's Party (Ghana) politicians]] [[Category:Deaths from prostate cancer in Romania]] [[Category:Ministers for defence of Ghana]] [[Category:Exiled politicians]] [[Category:Ministers for foreign affairs of Ghana]] [[Category:Ghanaian Christian socialists]] [[Category:Ghanaian expatriates in the United States]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 1951–1954]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 1954–1956]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 1956–1965]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 1965–1966]] [[Category:Ghanaian pan-Africanists]] [[Category:Ghanaian Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Ministers for the interior of Ghana]] [[Category:Leaders ousted by a coup]] [[Category:Recipients of the Lenin Peace Prize]] [[Category:Lincoln University (Pennsylvania) alumni]] [[Category:Members of Gray's Inn]] [[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Presidents for life]] [[Category:Presidents of Ghana]] [[Category:Prime ministers of Ghana]] [[Category:United Gold Coast Convention politicians]] [[Category:University of Pennsylvania alumni]] [[Category:University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education alumni]] [[Category:Ghanaian independence activists]] [[Category:Ghanaian Marxists]] [[Category:Ghanaian expatriates in Romania]] [[Category:Akan people]] [[Category:Imperialism studies]] [[Category:Fellows of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences]] [[Category:Presidents of Guinea]] [[Category:20th-century presidents in Africa]] [[Category:Ghanaian Freemasons]] [[Category:Dagaare]] [[Category:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Category:Dɔɔ]] [[Category:Dɔɔloŋ]] [[Category:Africa]] [[Category:Ghana]] [[Category:West Africa]] [[Category:Nensaala]] 7ddaequnl5z7dukd8wxxugwg8c2nbxf 51884 51866 2025-07-05T12:51:33Z Uthman salma 980 added edit 51884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q8620}} '''Dr. Francis Kwame Nkrumah''' (21 kavaare kyuu 1909-27 boŋŋo kyuu 1972) da e la [[Ghanaian]] pɔleteese, political theorist, ane revolutionary. Ona da daŋ e a [[prime minister]] danweɛ soba ane [[Ghana]] yidaandɔɔ, naŋ de weɛ neŋ [[Gold coast|Gold Coast]] ka ba nyɛ sommeŋɛ yi Britain 1957 poɔ.<ref name=":0">https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230361270_4</ref> Pan-Africanism, nɔmɛlmɛ neɛ, Nkrumah da e la mɛmba ko a organization of [[Africa|African]] unity ane neɛ naŋ di a Lenin peace prize yi a [[Soviet Union]] 1962 poɔ.<ref name=":1">https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public</ref> Yuomo pie ne ayi puoriŋ onaŋ wa be paaloŋ yobo tageraa o zannoo duoro saa, meɛrɛ o political philosophy ane nara ne o taa diasporic Pan-Africanists, Nkrumah leɛ wa la Gold Coast na piili o pɔletekal yɛlɛ naŋ e meŋɛ zɔɔ faabo. <ref name=":2">https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315018775</ref>O meɛ la Nɔdaa Paate (CPP), naŋ nyɛ baabo weoŋ yi o unprecedented appeal to the common voter. <ref>https://doi.org/10.5479%2Fsil.380651.39088006011662</ref>O leɛ la prime minister 1952 poɔ ane o leɛ are la ana vuo na Ghana naŋ wa nyɛ sommeŋɛ yi [[Britain]] 1957 poɔ. 1960 poɔ, Ghanaians da neɛ la nu iri bɛgɛ gampaalaa kyɛ ɛlɛte Nkrumah Yidaandɔɔ.<ref>https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctvk3gm60.17</ref> O naaŋ da are la socialist ane nationalist. O kaa la national industrial ane faŋa yɛlɛ, a eŋ baabo ganzanne eŋɛ oŋ e kpeɛŋaa ane a zɛge Pan-Africanist yipɔge oŋ do saa. Nkrumah wagere, Ghana toŋ la international yelerre yaga African a decolonization wagere.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-19455-4</ref> A zɔɔ maaroŋ wagere, Nkrumah da e la bone na a Wɛse naŋ maŋ boɔle ka authoritarian regime Ghana poɔ. Kwame Nkrumah ma yuori da la Elizabeth Nyanibah aŋ da yi Anon juriyɛ. Ka o ba meŋ yuori da e Kofi Nɡonloma aŋ da yi juriyɛ ŋa baŋ boɔna ka "Elephant". O da deɛ Helena Ritz Fathia Nkrumah baŋ da dɔɡe biihi bata, Francis Gokeh, Sarmiah Yarba aneŋ Sekou Ritz.<ref>"Kwame Nkrumah - Wikipedia" <nowiki>https://tw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah</nowiki></ref> == Yelkorɔ == === Pampana yelkorɔ === A Kumasi College ko Technology maŋ yuo la a 22 January 1952 neŋ 200 teekyare karembiiri naŋ yi Achimota wa, ka ba wa piili a a kolagyi. A October 1952, a sakuuri ko Engineering ane a Department ko Commerce da piilee naŋ da e a dɛndɛŋ soba. A Pharmacy Department da piilee January 1953, neŋ neɛ naŋ da e tontonna ko a Pharmacy yi a Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, ko a kolagyi. A department da zanna la yuomo ayi comprehensive course naŋ be a Pharmacy naŋ da vɛŋ ka ba maŋ terɛ Pharmacy Board Certificate. A Department ko a Agriculture meŋ da yuo la a yuoŋyeni ŋa poɔ naŋ da tere ad hoc zannoo dɔlɔ ko wagere mine, yi wagere fēē mine te wagere gyamaa mine, ko a Ministry of Agriculture. A Department ko General Studies da maalɛɛ ka o da wule biiri naŋ be Higher School Certificate Examinations kyaare Science ane Arts zanno dɔlɔ ane ka ba tere sobie zannoo dɔlɔ mine naŋ taa boɔbo mine ko departments sere mine. Yi 1952 te ta 1955, a sakuuri ko Engineering da kyɔɔrɛɛ sakubiiri kyaare neŋ professional qualifications yoŋ. A 1955, da taa la zannoo neŋ dɔlɔ mime naŋ da be a University of London Bachelor ko Engineering External Degree Examinations. A 1957, a sakuuri ko Architecture, Town Planning ane Building meŋ da piilee. A o sakubiiri dɛndɛŋ soba da piilee January 1958, kyaare professional zannoo dɔlɔ A kolagyi da yɔlɛɛ, o da eɛ a Kumasi kolagyi ko Technology naŋ da e science ane technology sakuuri. Mere naŋ beebe, a teekyɛre tureeni kolagyi, neŋ a ba paalebo ko Art Sakuuri, da la leɛre la yi January 1958, ko a Winneba tureeni kolagyi; a 1959 a Commerce Department da leɛre gaa la Achimota ka o da maale a Sakuuri kyaare Administration naŋ be a University of Ghana, Legon. A December 1960, a Gɔbena ko a Ghana da iree neɛ ko a University Commission ka o tere kpaamo kyaare neŋ a university zannoo saazu duobu yeltare, neŋ yeltare ka ba leɛre a University kolagyi gaaneŋ Ghana ane a Kumasi College of Technology gaaneŋ someŋɛ University of Ghana. Duoruu tuubu mine yi a commission naŋ da yi wieoŋ a 1961, a gɔbena da maalɛɛ a sommenne univɛnitiri naŋ be a Kumasi ane Legon, Accra. A Kumasi Kolagyi ko Technology da leɛre la gaa, yineŋ kaabo naŋ da be a R. P. Baffour, ko a full-fledged university, ane a yuori '''Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology''' yi a merɛ naŋ be a Parliament a 22 August 1961. A yuori da eɛ puoraa ko Kwame Nkrumah, naŋ e a dɛndɛŋ prime minister kyɛ ta wagere kaŋa da e a president ko a Ghana. A January 1966, Marr Grounds, naŋ e American/Australian yielŋmeɛrɛ naŋ kpeɛrɛ California, da nyɛ la iruuŋ kaŋa naŋ e karema ko a architecture a da maale yuomo ayi, kyɛ pãã da la leɛroo gaa a University of Sydney School ko Architecture, Design ane Planning a 1968. A yuori da taa leɛroo gaaneŋ University of Science ane Technology yi a zɔɔre puoriŋ a 24 February 1966. A University ko Science ane Technology da piilee a Wednesday, 20 November 1961. Neŋ a lɛ zaa, a merɛ kaŋa a Parliament (Act 559 a 1998) da leɛrɛɛ a yuori gaaneŋ a yuori meŋɛ waaloŋ, a Kwame Nkrumah University ko Science ane Technology, Kumasi. == Kampuusiri == === Kumasi kampuusi === A Kumasi kampuusi la a kampuusi kpoŋ ko a university. O na baŋ taɛ mɛlɛ ayɔpoi a zieŋ ane mɛlɛ anii (13 km) ko a east a Kumasi. O taa la a Central Administration ane deri menne mine. === Obuasi kampuusi === A Obuasi kampuusi piiluu saŋa da la a 4 November 2020 neŋ o da naŋ taa a inception a yuoni 2019 gba. O taa la 15 undergraduate programmes, naŋ e zannoo dɔlɔ ayɔpoi ko Engineering programmes, zannoo dɔlɔ anaare ko Business Administration programmes, zannoo dɔlɔ ata ko Allied Health Sciences programmes ane zannoo dɔlɔ yeni ko Science programme. == Organization ane administration == === Principal ɔfisiri === A principal officers ko a university la a chancellor, chairman ko a University Council ane vice-chancellor. A 2018, a wederoŋ vuo kyaare a chancellor da taa soɔbo ko a Asantehene Otumfuo Osei Tutu II. == Nyovori piiloo ane kanno-yelitaree == === Gold Coast === Kwame Nkrumah dogebu da e la Tuesday daare , 21 September 1909 <ref>https://www.mkgandhi.org/articles/nonviolence-of-Mahatma-Gandhi-in-Ghana.html</ref><ref>https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsehistory/2018/10/10/kwame-nkrumah-lse/</ref>a [[Nkroful, Gold Coast]] (now Ghana)<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1964/01/03/archives/man-in-the-news-an-african-enigma-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>. [[Nkroful]] da e la kuri bile a [[Nzema]] area, nang be a southwest ko a Gold Coast, nang pieli a frontier ning a French colony a ko a [[Ivory Coast.]] O ba da ba kpeira ning o yideme , kye da tona a [[Half Assini]] ziena ung zanne o goldsmith daabu yelitarihi awaana o kuung<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230205164542/https://www.uew.edu.gh/lib-fetured/ghana-autobiography-kwame-nkrumah</ref>. Kwame Nkrumah o ma ane yideme da guoloo, noba nang lang kpeira ane lasiri kye taa dogeriba nang be toori nang mang wa nyeba wagere ne wagere.O da kpeiree peenhibu o biibiilong wagere , a kuraa poung , a moo puong, nang da pieli a mani <ref>https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumah00davi</ref>. Wagere na o nang da be a sakuuri bie a [[United States]], ba da buonoo ka Francis Nwia Kofi Nkrumah, Kofi da e la [[Akan]] yuori ba nang mang ku dɔɔ ba doge Fridays<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press</ref>. Pouring ung leuhi a youri gaa Kwame Nkrumah in 1945 in the UK,yoe buoraa "Kwame"<ref>https://www.primenewsghana.com/politics/kwame-nkrumah-memorial-day-dr-kwame-nkrumah-a-son-of-the-soil.html</ref><ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>. A duoho a yi Ebenezer Obiri Addo o karembo gaa nimbituori paalikaara, a yuori "Nkrumah", a lasiri yuori ba nang mang ko a ninth child, wolee ka Kwame ‘mine kangang nyee zie a o Ba deu , nie nang taa poeba gyemaa<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201018205429/http://www.tvafrique.com/kwame-nkrumah/</ref>. O Ba, Opanyin Kofi Nwiana Ngolomah, yie Nkroful nang be a Nzema East pampana ba buola Ellembele, ung da e a Asona clan of the Akan Tribe. ziiri wolee ka Ngolomah kpee a [[Tarkwa-Nsuaem]] ane ung tung a goldsmith business<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170820160658/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/200909/27258.php</ref>. Ngolomah da taa gyirima ko a yeng ane kawani ko noba nang boura kawani yi o lasiri yela ane deu yele-taaree.O da kpiye ayuoni 1927<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170817034351/http://www.nkrumahinfobank.org/article.php?id=100&c=11</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>. Kwame da e la o Ma biyeni <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-0785-8</ref>. O gaanoo a elementary school nang da kaara yi a Catholic mission a Half Assini, ziena ung a sagi ka o e ye sakuri bizigilii<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref> . Anaazaa ka o Ma , nie ba nang da buola Elizabeth Nyanibah (1876/77–1979)<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170821212904/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/Archive/2000/499/profile.htm</ref>, puoring da leu yelee ka dogibo bebiri 1912, Nkrumah segee ka o dogibo bebiri e la 21 September 1909. O Ma yire e la Nsuaem kye ung yi a Agona family. o da e la zingkuora ane yaagu e-ra wagere ung da kuli sera<ref>https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.u158013</ref>. o dogibo beri anii puoring , o Ba da buoloo ka Francis Nwia-Kofi o nang da e dogera <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>kanga yuori,puori ka o ba ne o ma koo ka Francis Kwame Ngolomah<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170820160658/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/200909/27258.php</ref> O ‘nimbi-toori gaabu ning a yuon- pie fora-yeli-irihi yuomo anii puong . A yuoni 1925, o da e la bibiiri karemkanna a sakuri ane ung da e [[baptized]] nang be [[Catholic faith]]<ref>https://doi.org/10.1086%2F454260</ref>.kye da be a sakuuu ,noba buoloo ka [[Reverend Alec Garden Fraser]], ning kpong ko a Government Training College (soon to become [[Achimota School]]) nang be a Gold Coast's capital, Accra. Fraser maali ‘bing ko Nkrumah ka o zanne ŋa a karema nang be sakuu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFOwusu-Ansah</ref> . ziena[[, Columbia]]-educated deputy headmaster [[Kwegyir Aggrey]] da e-roo kyaare a teiha yi Marcus Garvey ane W. E. B. Du Bois. Aggrey, Fraser, ane ning jaani a Achimota puong anaazaa ka langtaa na bilabe ko a baloo kpachage nang kaara a Gold Coast, kye Nkrumah, echoing Garvey, leu wa teiha ka ningsagne baloo minga kaabo da naang tuong taa haakili‘yeni ba buuri kpachaga<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFAddo</ref>. Ung da nye o karima mine sieree gbangu yi a [[Prince of Wales' College]] a Achimota a yuoni 1930<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>, Nkrumah da nyee karembu toma nang be Roman Catholic primary school in [[Elmina]] a yuoni 1931<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>. A pari a pari yuoni boyeni, o da e la a karima mine ning kpong ko a [[Axim]]. A Axim, o da piilee kpieree paalikaa yelitarihikye leu te be a Nzema Literary Society. A yuoni 1933, ba e-roo ung e karema ko a Catholic seminary at Amissano<ref>https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28819/1/10672987.pdf</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref>. Anaazaa ka be kpiebo da e la tuo ,kye o un da nung bila, ane o na da buora ka o leu Jesuit. Nkrumah o da wonye a ‘duohi-seura ane nimbituri [[Nigerian]] paalikaara [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] yela kye sukuri biiri a Achimota; a daba bai da nyee taa kye <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref> Azikiwe's haakila teibo da paahi Nkrumah nungbo a black nationalism<ref>https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195301731.013.40103</ref>.A karema bile da buora ka o karim gaa nimbituori. Azikiwe da gaa la [[Lincoln University,]] a [[historically black college]] nang be [[Chester County, Pennsylvania]], west ko [[Philadelphia]], kye e Nkrumah kawani ka o kpe be<ref>https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230603486</ref>. Nkrumah,da fieliye u daanuori; teesi ko a [[London University]],o da nyee sungbo ko o yuobo ane o sakuuri yelitaree yi o dogereba seng .o da chenye gaa [[Britain]], ziena ung zanne, ko o nimbikuoniiyi Italy's ngmaabu ko [[Ethiopia]], a paaloo bonyeni kanga yi a independent African nations. o da gaa a [[United States]], a October 1935<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/222725</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref> === United States === A yi ayeli’kori seuseura [[John Henrik Clarke]] o atiklehi ku a Nkrumah's American sojourn, " a haakila leubo yi a yuom-pie ung nang da be a [[United States]] da taa naaribo jeri nyiibu ko o nyovore chelee nang kpaling." Nkrumah da moo nye kpiebu ko [[Lincoln University]] wagere kanga seni ung piilee karembo a beng<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFClarke</ref>. Nkrumah da baaree a Bachelor of Arts degree a economics ane sociology a yuoni 1939. Lincoln leu e-roo ung e‘wuliwulo sungna a bambu bii daanhibu buobu.O da piilii diaree buolibo ka o e a saamba nie ang muola Ngmini yela a Presbyterian churches in Philadelphia ane New York<ref>https://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11427/9290/thesis_hum_2014_opokumensah_e.pdf?sequence=1</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200602070935/https://www.mtkenyatimes.co.ke/auto-draft-3/</ref>. A yuoni 1939, Nkrumah da kpe a Lincoln's seminary ane a [[Ivy League institution]], a University of Pennsylvania nang be Philadelphia ane a yuoni 1942,o da piilii tuni a Mu chapter of [[Phi Beta Sigma fraternity at Lincoln University]]<ref>https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2067&context=etd</ref>. Nkrumah nyee a Bachelor of Theology degree yi a Lincoln a 1942, a karembi-zudaana a koose . O sanyeu diabo yi a Penn a tuuro a yuoni a Master ko Arts degree nang be philosophy ane a Master of Science in education<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref>. Wagere a Penn, Nkrumah tomee ning a kokojera ‘wono [[William Everett Welmers]], a kuro a yelibo bungma nang maali a munpiilee ku a fora descriptive grammar ko a teng-be [[Fante dialect]] of the [[Akan language]]. Nkrumah ming da piilee tuma ning a [[Prince Hall Freemasonry]] kye da kpiera a United States<ref>https://aha.confex.com/aha/2009/webprogram/Paper2449.html</ref><ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Special-Tribute-to-Dr-Kwame-Nkrumah-286481</ref>. == 1966 coup d'état == See also: [[National Liberation Council § 1966 coup]] A February 1966, kye ka Nkrumah da bila sori gara ka o ta nye a [[North Vietnam]] ane China, o paalikaa da ihi nie naalung ‘kogong a miihuu ''coup d'état'' ang dia zu yi a paaloo [[military]] ane [[police]] forces, ning sungbu yi a civil service<ref>https://ghanaremembers.com/stories/people/kwame-nkrumah-a-biography-of-ghanas-first-president.html</ref>. A noba nang da buora ka ba toung beu conspirators, ‘yie diera da e-ye [[Joseph Arthur Ankrah,]] da kuye ba mine yuori ka a [[National Liberation Council]] ane o kaabo awa soje yela paalikaabo yuomo ata agaa . Nkrumah da zanne ko a coup sene ung da te-ta a China. A coup puoring,Nkrumah da kpee a Beijing beri anaare, ane Premier [[Zhou Enlai]] da kaakoo ning gyirima <ref>https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00064246.1972.11431232</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/news/876767/the-confused-moments-of-nkrumah-in-china-after-the-coup.html</ref>. == Foomaraa leubu ane kuung == Main article: [[Death and state funeral of Kwame Nkrumah]] Nkrumah kpeing a 27 April 1972, a [[Bucharest]], a teng kpong ku a [[Romania]],ko yela babanginuu kye ang ba sogili baalung. a coup wagere , o daang kpiera a Guinean teng-kpong ko Conakry, ang jeng ‘tengeng wagiri nga. == Daanhibu ane Cheng bung == O wagere, Nkrumah da nyee Kyɔɔtaɛ ko awarded honorary doctorates yi universities jemaa a paahi [[Lincoln University (Pennsylvania), Moscow State University]] (USSR), [[Cairo University]] ([[Egypt]]), [[Jagiellonian University]] [[(Poland]]), ane [[Humboldt University (East Germany)]]<ref>http://www.kwamenkrumahcentenary.org/esi_speech.html</ref>. A yi a ‘nimbiyuo ‘sieree gbanseu ‘binnuu barebo yi a [[U.S. Department of State's Office of the Historian]], "Nkrumah da e-ree yele gyemaa ka o ligiri bung ‘muning ko a [U.S. government] buobo gang a black African jaa<ref>https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v26/d201</ref> ." A September 2009, President [[John Atta Mills]] da wulee a 21 September (the 100th anniversary of Kwame Nkrumah's birth) ung e a [[Founders' Day]], a kparaama pennuu ‘bebiri a Gaana ka ba teihe a nabaali yela ko Kwame Nkrumah<ref>http://www.modernghana.com/news/236431/1/nkrumahs-birthday-declared-a-holiday.html</ref>. A April 2019, President Akufo-Addo da sagi ku a Public Holidays (Amendment) Act 2019 nang leure a 21 September yi Founders' Day gaa[[Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Day]]<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/President-Akufo-Addo-assents-to-Public-Holidays-Amendment-Act-2019-744767</ref>. == Meŋa nyɔvore-yele == Kwame Nkrumah kulee [[Fathia Ritzk]], an [[Egyptian Coptic]] bank tongtuna ane sakuuri karema koree , a ‘zi-maanii o na da waana a Gaana pou: New Year's Eve, 1957–1958<ref>http://www.nathanielturner.com/fathiankrumahfarewell.htm</ref>. Fathia's ma da zaahiye ka o buoli ngmini ko o ba kuli-taa yele ne puong, o bie kanga nang da yi ne a dau saana<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200610125740/https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/here-are-all-the-first-ladies-of-ghana-since-independence/0l2k3hw</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/1095/fathia-the-rock-of-the-nkrumah-family.html</ref>. Aŋa kuli-taa deme, Fathia ane Nkrumah da taa biiri bata : Gamal (born 1958), Samia (born 1960) ane Sekou (born 1964). [[Gamal]] da e la ‘duohi-saamba gbangu seura , ky ka [[Samia]] ane Sekou ming da e la paalikaa tuntuniba . Nkrumah da taa bidau zaala, Francis, a paediatrician (born 1935)<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20181019075818/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2014/September-22nd/africa-must-re-examine-implement-nkrumahs-ideas-francis-nkrumah.php</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190406213932/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Kwame-Nkrumah-s-unknown-son-surfaces-235004</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190904212017/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/social/201507/249589.php</ref><ref>https://www.knust.edu.gh/about/knust/history</ref>. == O Yeli yaɡa Ŋmaara Mine == "N nuŋ yɛŋ ka N so n meŋa kyɛ be dɔɡee poɔŋ ɡaa ka N ta so n meŋa" "Ghana meŋa soubu ba tare tɔna jaa ka Africa paaluu jaa ba so o meŋa" "Africa taree sɔre ka te laŋtaa" "Nimitɔɔre ɡaabu yoŋ, boɔre ɡaabu kyibe" "Eŋ ba e neɛ aŋ yɛli ka N yie Africa baŋ dɔɡe ma Africa kye juŋ, eŋ eɛ neɛ aŋ yi Africa bojuŋ ba dɔɡee Africa eŋ eŋan" "Te ihee panpana. Te daŋ kula ɡbihi jaa. Aŋ yi jine ɡara, Africa paalaa waɛ dunee" "Ka neɛ era yɛla kyɛ ba tieha eɛ yelkpala. Ka neɛ tieha kyɛ ba ihi era eɛ wa jɔŋloŋ"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> "Neɛ jaa aŋ yi Africa, ka e bie "North" bee "South America", "Carrabean" dɛme bee dunee lombori jiejaa baŋ be eɛ nuba aŋ yi Africa"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> "Meŋa soɔbu ba e boŋ eŋ na de ko neɛ a wa kyeotaa. Yɛ boŋ la neɛ meŋ jaa koŋ baŋ bimuu koɛ"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> ==== vuune toma mine ==== Nkrumah's da terɛɛ sommo ko a industrial development, sommo ko a Minister of Finance, Komla Agbeli Gbedema, ko a Volta River Project: a Meɛbo ko a hydroelectric power plant, a Akosombo Dam kyaare a Volta River a eastern Ghana. A Volta River Project da la a duoruu terɛ ko Nkrumah's economic programme. A 20 February 1958, o da yeli ko la National Assembly: "n taa la sagedeebo kpeɛŋaa ko a Volta River Project naŋ maŋ terɛ a sobie naŋ maŋ vɛŋ ka te kpɛ a economic independence." Ghana da nyɛ sommo yi United States, Israel ane a World Bank ka ba mɛ dampo. Kaiser Aluminum da sagɛɛ ka ba da mɛ a dampo ko Nkrumah, kyɛ da are neŋ feeroŋ neŋ boma na ba naŋ na de maale neŋ a fintindigili. Nkrumah da pɛŋɛɛ libie ka ba da mɛ neŋ a dampo, naŋ da vɛŋ sanne da be a Ghana. Ka ba da soŋ yɔɔ a sane, o da duorɛɛŋ zuyɔɔ naŋ be cocoa koɔreba a south. Ŋaa da vɛŋɛɛ nimikpɛ yɛlɛ da bebe. A dampo Meɛbo da baarɛɛ kyɛ naŋ piili a Nkrumah amidst global publicity a 22 January 1966. Nkrumah da wanne la Ghana Nuclear Reactor Project a 1961, naŋ taa piiluu a Ghana Atomic Energy Commission a 1963, ane a 1964 naŋ da vɛŋ a kuuri dɛndɛŋ ka o da e a atomic energy facility. ==== Cocoa ==== A 1954 a tendaa zaa cocoa daaroŋ da zɛge do ko a cocoa koɔba ka ba are ko windfall, Nkrumah da senne neŋ la a duobu ko central government levies, naŋ da vɛŋ ka o da areko a national development projects. A yɛlɛ ama mine da soŋ o la ka o da la do wederoŋ. Boma daaroŋ da naŋ duoro saa. A 1960 a cocoa baagyi daaroŋ da arɛɛ £250 a London. A August 1965 a daaroŋ da arɛɛ £91. A daaroŋ duobu da sigee yi a Gɔbena naŋ da areko a boŋguri ane koɔba ka ba da nyɛ a arekoobo. === Saakonnoŋ === Nkrumah da eɛ ardent promoterko a pan-Africanism, naŋ nyɛ gaabo e ''"quest for regional integration of the whole of the African continent"''. A saŋa ko Nkrumah's nimizeeloŋ ko politisi taa la mannoo naŋ e "golden age of high pan-African ambitions"; a continent da nyɛɛ nationalist movements ane decolonization ko a European colonial powers, ane historians da nyɛ la duoruu ka "a mannoo ane solidarity da nyɛɛ momentum naŋ be a pan-Africanist movement". Naŋ leɛ teɛre African heritage, Nkrumah gbɛɛ gyamaa na maŋ eschewed Western fashion, donning a fugu (a Northern attire) naŋ taa Southern-produced Kente cloth, a banaa taa la bambo. O da paalɛɛ a piiluu a Ghana Museum a 5 March 1957; a Arts Council of Ghana, a wing ko a Ministry of Education ane Culture, a 1958; a Research Library a African Affairs a June 1961; ane a Ghana Film Corporation a 1964. A 1962, Nkrumah naŋ taa yuobu a Institute of African Studies. A campaign yineŋ nudity naŋ be a northern naŋ paale a teŋɛ naŋ nyɛ special attention yi Nkrumah, naŋ da nyɛ Propaganda Secretary Hannah Cudjoe ka ba tere yeluu. Cudjoe meŋ da maalɛɛ a Ghana Women's League, naŋ da zɛge a Party's agenda kyaare nutrition, biiri guoluu, ane bonsuuri suubu. A League meŋ da la yi la zɔɔre naŋ da taa sommo ko French nuclear weapons a Sahara. Cudjoe wasda iree consolidation kyaare national women's groups, a da vɛŋ sentaaloŋ be a Party poɔŋ. Merɛ da bebe a 1959 ane 1960 naŋ da kyaare wederoŋ mine a parliament naŋ da taa wederoŋ neŋ pɔge. Pɔgeba mine da taa la zɛgebo gaa CPP Central Committee. Pɔgeba gyamaa da gaa la Yunivɛniti, a da furi tonsonne mine teseŋ medicine ane law, kyɛ da la gaa neŋ professional trips a Israel, a Soviet Union, ane a Eastern Bloc. Pɔgeba meŋ da kpɛɛ sogyaaloŋ ane air force. Pɔgeba gyamaa da be la koɔbo ane yɛroŋ; bamine da nyɛɛ sommo yi Co-operative Movement. Nkrumah's enfuomo da yɛre pɔgɛɛ a zie zaa, teseŋ, a postage stamps ane a libie, naŋ taa yitaaloŋ neŋ monarchs – naŋ terɛ fodder gɛgɛroŋ naŋ bebe ko Nkrumahist ka o paalɛɛ kɔlt. ==Kyɔɔtaɛ== ===Tenne mine Kyɔɔtaɛ=== {{Clear}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |- ! style="width:90px;" | Ribbon ! style="width:350px;" | Distinction ! style="width:120px;" | Country ! style="width:120px;" | Date ! Reference |- | [[File:EGY Order of the Nile - Grand Cordon BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Nile]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Egypt|1922}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1957 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite book |editor1-last=Danquah |editor1-first=Moses |title=Ghana: One Year Old. A First Independence Anniversary Review |date=1958 |publisher=Publicity Promotions |location=Accra |page=32 |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/2008700208/ |access-date=5 May 2025}} |- | [[File:LBN National Order of the Cedar - Grand Cordon BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cordon of the [[National Order of the Cedar]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Lebanon}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1957 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- | [[File:Order of the Yugoslavian Great Star Rib.png|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | [[Order of the Yugoslav Star|Order of the Yugoslav Great Star]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Yugoslavia|1946}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2 March 1961 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite news |title=Председник Тито предао председнику Нкрумаху Ореден велике југословенске звезде |url=http://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp%7Cissue:UB_00064_19610303%7Cpage:4%7Cquery:%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%20%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%20%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5 |access-date=6 May 2025 |work=[[Borba (newspaper)|Borba]] |date=3 March 1961 |language=sr}} |- | [[File:CZE Rad Bileho Lva 3 tridy BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Collar of the [[Order of the White Lion]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Czechoslovakia}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2 August 1961 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=Československý řád Bílého lva 1923–1990 |url=https://www.prazskyhradarchiv.cz/file/edee/vyznamenani/cs_rbl.pdf |publisher=Archivu Kanceláře prezidenta republiky |access-date=5 May 2025 |page=130 |language=cs}} |- | [[File:Order of the Elephant Ribbon bar.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | [[Lenin Peace Prize]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Soviet Union|1955}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 30 April 1962 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite news |title=Picasso Gets Lenin Prize |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1873&dat=19620501&id=dsAeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bsoEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6210,37008 |access-date=6 May 2025 |work=Daytona Beach Morning Journal |date=1 May 1962}} |- | [[File:Cordone di gran Croce di Gran Cordone OMRI BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Italy}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 25 September 1963 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=Elenco dei Cavalieri di Gran Croce, decorati di Gran Cordone dell'Ordine, defunti |url=https://archivio.quirinale.it/materiali-pubblicazioni/onorificenze/ASPR_Onorificenze_Cavalieri_di_Gran_Croce_Gran_Cordone.pdf |publisher=Portale storico della Presidenza della Repubblica |access-date=5 May 2025 |language=it}} |- | [[File:POL Polonia Restituta Wielki BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cross of the [[Order of Polonia Restituta]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Poland}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1965 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite book |last1=Stela |first1=Wojciech |title=Polskie ordery i odznaczenia (Vol. I) |date=2008 |location=Warsaw |page=49}} |- | [[File:Order of the Companions of O.R. Tambo (ribbon bar).gif|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Supreme Companion of the [[Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|South Africa}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 16 June 2004(posthumously) | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=2004 National Orders awards |url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/people/nationalorders2004.htm |website=SouthAfrica.info |access-date=5 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204092331/http://www.southafrica.info/about/people/nationalorders2004.htm#.VrMYl-zP32c |archive-date=4 February 2016}} |} ==Kwame Nkrumah Toma O Naŋ Toŋ== [[File:1989 CPA 6101.jpg|thumb|right|A postage stamp from the [[Soviet Union]] marking the 80th anniversary of his birth]] [[File:Independence Arch - Accra, Ghana1.jpg|thumb|Independence Arch in Accra]] * "Negro History: European Government in Africa", ''The Lincolnian'', 12 April 1938, p.&nbsp;2 (Lincoln University, Pennsylvania) – see [https://web.archive.org/web/20090817175003/http://www.lincoln.edu/library/project.html Special Collections and Archives, Lincoln University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817175003/http://www.lincoln.edu/library/project.html |date=17 August 2009 }}{{Cite journal|last=Bontemps|first=Arna|date=20 April 2017|title=Lincoln and the Negro|journal=University of Illinois Press|volume=1|doi=10.5406/illinois/9780252037696.003.0005}} * "Primitive Education in West Africa," ''Educational Outlook,'' January 1941 (University of Pennsylvania). [https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-primitive-education/ See] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303212548/https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-primitive-education/ |date=3 March 2024 }} * "Education and Nationalism in Africa," ''Educational Outlook,'' November 1943 (University of Pennsylvania). [https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-education-nationalism/ See] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303212548/https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-education-nationalism/ |date=3 March 2024 }} * ''Ghana: The Autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah'' (1957). {{ISBN|0-901787-60-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Ghana: the autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah|date=2002|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-60-4|edition=Africa's 100 best books|location=London|oclc=51932153}} * ''Africa Must Unite'' (1963). {{ISBN|0-901787-13-2}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Africa must unite|date=1963|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-13-2|location=London|oclc=6567302}} * ''African Personality'' (1963){{Cite book|last=Mead, Margaret |title=Technique & personality|date=1963|publisher=Museum of Primitive Art|oclc=603547274}} {{blockquote|The essence of neo-colonialism is that the State which is subject to it is, in theory, independent and has all the outward trappings of international sovereignty. In reality its economic system and thus its political policy is directed from outside.|Introduction}} * ''Neo-Colonialism, the Last Stage of Imperialism'' (1965){{Cite journal|last1=Tiger|first1=Lionel|last2=Nkrumah|first2=Kwame|date=1966|title=Neo-Colonialism. The Last Stage of Imperialism|journal=International Journal|volume=22|issue=1|pages=161|doi=10.2307/40199801|jstor=40199801|s2cid=143584107 |issn=0020-7020}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Neo-colonialism: the last stage of imperialism.|date=1990|publisher=Panaf|oclc=59982527}} * ''Axioms of Kwame Nkrumah'' (1967). {{ISBN|0-901787-54-X}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Kwame Nkrumah: the Conakry years, his life and letters|date=1990|publisher=PANAF|others=Milne, June 1920–|isbn=0-901787-53-1|location=London|oclc=22733303}} * ''African Socialism Revisited'' (1967){{Cite journal|date=October 1967|title=African Socialism|journal=International Affairs|volume=43|issue=4|pages=779|doi=10.1093/ia/43.4.779|issn=1468-2346}} * ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nGB1AAAAMAAJ Challenge of the Congo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405030326/https://books.google.com/books?id=nGB1AAAAMAAJ |date=5 April 2023 }}'' (1967) *''Voice From Conakry'' (1967). {{ISBN|90-17-87027-3}} * ''Dark Days in Ghana'' (1968). {{ISBN|0-7178-0046-6}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Dark days in Ghana|date=1972|publisher=Internat. Publ|isbn=0-7178-0046-6|edition=Repr|location=New York|oclc=796074108}} * ''Handbook of Revolutionary Warfare'' (1968). {{ISBN|0-7178-0226-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Handbook of revolutionary warfare: a guide to the armed phase of the African revolution|date=1975|publisher=International Publishers|isbn=0-7178-0226-4|edition=1st U.S.|location=New York|oclc=8095708}} * ''The Way Out, "Civilian Rule" Fraud and A Call for Positive Action and Armed Struggle'' (1970){{Cite book |last=Nkrumah |first=Kwame |title=The Way Out, "Civilian Rule" Fraud and A Call for Positive Action and Armed Struggle |publisher=Panaf Books |year=1970 |edition=Reprinted |location=University of London, Senate House Library} * ''Consciencism: Philosophy and Ideology for De-Colonisation'' (1970). {{ISBN|0-901787-11-6}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Consciencism: philosophy and ideology for decolonisation|date=1978|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-11-6|location=London|oclc=16613918}} * ''Class Struggle in Africa'' (1970). {{ISBN|0-901787-12-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Class struggle in Africa.|date=1970|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-12-4|location=London|oclc=153293}} * ''The Struggle Continues'' (1973). {{ISBN|0-901787-41-8}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=The struggle continues: six ... pamphlets|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-41-8|location=London|oclc=3073780} * ''I Speak of Freedom'' (1973). {{ISBN|0-901787-14-0}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=I speak of freedom|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-14-0|location=London |oclc=16236424}} * ''Revolutionary Path'' (1973). {{ISBN|978-0-901787-22-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Revolutionary path.|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-22-1|location=London|oclc=764869}} == Tigri == Yelyaga boɔbo leɛ kaa Kwame Nkrumah tigiri == Meŋ Kaa Kyɛ == Nkrumah gɔbena == Kyɛle kyɛ == {{notelist}} == Meŋɛ Nyɔvooroŋ == * {{Cite book |last=Addo |first=Ebenezer Obiri |title=Kwame Nkrumah: A Case Study of Religion and Politics in Ghana |publisher=University Press of America|year=1997 |isbn=978-0-7618-0785-8|ref={{sfnRef|Addo}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Birmingham |first=David |title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Father of African Nationalism |publisher=Ohio University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8214-1242-8|ref={{sfnRef|Birmingham}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Bourret |first=F. M. |title=Ghana—The Road to Independence |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1960|edition=Revised|orig-date=1949 |oclc= 414362 |ref={{sfnRef|Bourret}} }} * {{cite journal |title=Kwame Nkrumah: His years in America|last=Clarke|first=John Henrik|volume=6|issue=2|date=October 1974|journal=[[The Black Scholar]]|pages=9–16|doi=10.1080/00064246.1974.11431459 |jstor=41065759|s2cid=141785632 |ref={{sfnRef|Clarke}} }} * {{cite book |last=Fuller|first=Harcourt|year=2014|title=Building the Ghanaian Nation-State|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-44856-9 |ref={{sfnRef|Fuller}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Mazrui |first=Ali |author-link=Ali Mazrui|title=Nkrumah's Legacy and Africa's Triple Heritage Between Globalization and Counter Terrorism |publisher=Ghana Universities Press|year=2004 |isbn=978-9964-3-0296-2|ref={{sfnRef|Mazrui}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Owusu-Ansah |first=David |title=Biographical Dictionary of Ghana |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-8108-7242-4|edition=4th|ref={{sfnRef|Owusu-Ansah}} }} * {{Cite book|last=Rooney|first=David|year=1988|title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Political Kingdom in the Third World|publisher=St. Martin's Press|ref={{sfnRef|Rooney}}|isbn=978-0-312-02479-6|url=https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumah00davi}} * {{Cite book|last=Sherwood|first=Marika|author-link=Marika Sherwood|year=1996|title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Years Abroad 1935–1947|publisher=Freedom Publications|isbn=978-9988-7716-0-7|ref={{sfnRef|Sherwood}}|url=https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumahyear00sher_0}} * {{Cite book |last=Thompson |first=W. Scott |title=Ghana's Foreign Policy 1957–1966 |url=https://archive.org/details/ghanasforeignpol1969wsco |url-access=registration |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1969 |oclc=2616|ref={{sfnRef|Thompson}} }} == Nimitɔɔre mine kannoo == {{refbegin|40em}} * Arhin, Kwame (1993). ''The Life and Work of Kwame Nkrumah''. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, Inc. {{ISBN|9780865433953}} (08543395X) * Baynham, Simon (1988). ''The Military and Politics in Nkrumah's Ghana''. Westview Special Studies on Africa. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, Inc. (Frederick A. Praeger), {{ISBN|0-8133-70639}} * Biney, Ama. "The Legacy of Kwame Nkrumah in Retrospect." ''Journal of Pan African Studies'' 2.3 (2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210205064300/http://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/amcdouga/Hist247/winter_2014/resources/LegacyOfKwameNkrumah.pdf online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205064300/http://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/amcdouga/Hist247/winter_2014/resources/LegacyOfKwameNkrumah.pdf |date=5 February 2021 }}, historiography * Biney, Ama. ''The political and social thought of Kwame Nkrumah'' (2011). * Biney, Ama. "The Development of Kwame Nkrumah's Political Thought in Exile, 1966–1972." ''Journal of African History'' 50.1 (2009): 81–100. * Bretton, Henry L. ''The rise and fall of Kwame Nkrumah: a study of personal rule in Africa'' (1967). * {{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Basil |title=Black Star: A View of the Life and Times of Kwame Nkrumah |publisher=James Currey |location=Oxford, UK |orig-date=1973 |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-84701-010-0 }} * [[Defense Intelligence Agency]], "[https://www.governmentattic.org/docs/DIA_AnalysisKwameNkrumahOfGhana1966.pdf Supplement, Kwame Nkrumah, President of Ghana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707043023/http://www.governmentattic.org/docs/DIA_AnalysisKwameNkrumahOfGhana1966.pdf |date=7 July 2017 }}", 12-January-1966. * Gerits, Frank. "'When the Bull Elephants Fight': Kwame Nkrumah, Non-Alignment, and Pan-Africanism as an Interventionist Ideology in the Global Cold War (1957–66)." ''International History Review'' 37.5 (2015): 951–969. * Gocking, Roger S. ''The History of Ghana'' (2005). * {{cite book |last=James |first=C. L. R. |title=Nkrumah and the Ghana Revolution |location=London |publisher=[[Allison & Busby]] |year=1977 |isbn=0-85031-461-5 }} * {{cite journal |last= Mazrui |first= Ali |year= 1966 |title= Nkrumah: The Leninist Czar |journal= [[Transition Magazine|Transition]] |issue= 26 |pages= 8–17 |jstor= 2934320 |doi= 10.2307/2934320 }} * Milne, June. ''Kwame Nkrumah: a biography'' (1999). * {{Cite book |last=Mwakikagile |first=Godfrey |title=Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era |edition=Third |location=Pretoria, South Africa |publisher=New Africa Press |year=2006 |chapter=Nyerere and Nkrumah: Towards African Unity |pages=347–355 |isbn=0-9802534-1-1 }} * Mwakikagile, Godfrey (2015), ''Western Involvement in Nkrumah's Downfall''. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: New Africa Press. {{ISBN|9789987160044}} * Omari, T. Peter. ''Kwame Nkrumah: The anatomy of an African dictatorship'' (1970). * Pinkney, Robert (1972). ''Ghana Under Military Rule 1966–1969''. London: Methuen & Co Ltd. {{ISBN|0-41675080X}} * {{cite book |last=Poe |first=D. Zizwe |title=Kwame Nkrumah's Contribution to Pan-African Agency |location=New York |publisher=Routledge |year=2003 |isbn=0-203-50537-9 }} * Rooney, David. ''Kwame Nkrumah: The Political Kingdom in the Third World'' (1988). * Rui Lopes & Víctor Barros (2019) "[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07075332.2019.1703118 Amílcar Cabral and the Liberation of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde: International, Transnational, and Global Dimensions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701214035/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07075332.2019.1703118 |date=1 July 2020 }}." The International History Review. * {{cite magazine |magazine=[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]] |location=USA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=71nrBoK-ilEC&pg=PA138 |title=Kwame Nkrumah: the Fall of a Messiah |author=Sanders, Charles L. |date=September 1966 |access-date=27 June 2015 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418090705/https://books.google.com/books?id=71nrBoK-ilEC&pg=PA138 |url-status=live }} * Smertin, Yuri. ''[https://archive.org/details/nkrumahsmertin Kwame Nkrumah]''. Moscow: [[Progress Publishers]]. 1987. * Sonderegger, Arno (2016). "How the Empire Wrote Back: Notes on the Struggle of George Padmore and Kwame Nkrumah". In: ''Kwame Nkrumah 1909-1972: A Controversial African Visionary. Edited by Bea Lundt and Christoph Marx''. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag: 19-38. * {{cite book |last=Tuchscherer |first=Konrad |chapter=Kwame Francis Nwia Kofie Nkrumah |title=Encyclopedia of Modern Dictators |editor-first=Frank J |editor-last=Coppa |location=New York |publisher=Peter Lang |year=2006 |pages=217–20 |isbn=0-8204-5010-3 }} * {{cite web | title=Godfrey Mwakikagile: Eurocentric Africanist? | url=https://sites.google.com/site/intercontinentalbookcentre/godfrey-mwakikagile-a-eurocentric-pan-africanist | publisher=Intercontinental Book Centre | access-date=8 December 2021 | archive-date=20 February 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220064832/https://sites.google.com/site/intercontinentalbookcentre/godfrey-mwakikagile-a-eurocentric-pan-africanist | url-status=live }} * Žák, Tomáš František (2016). "Applying the Weapon of Theory: Comparing the Philosophy of Julius Kambarage Nyerere and Kwame Nkrumah". ''Journal of African Cultural Studies''. 28 (2): 147–160. [https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13696815.2015.1053798 doi:10.1080/13696815.2015.1053798] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418090711/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13696815.2015.1053798?cookieSet=1 |date=18 April 2023 }}. S2CID 146709996. {{refend}} ==Ziiri mine Liŋkiri== * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMY0iTcspNA Faces of Africa Kwame Nkrumah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905004516/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMY0iTcspNA |date=5 September 2019 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150205213907/http://kwamenkrumahmausoleumnkroful.ghana-net.net/ Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum and Museum at Nkroful, Western Region] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150122034817/http://ghana-net.com/accra---kwame-nkrumah-memorial-park Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park & Museum, Accra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122034817/http://www.ghana-net.com/accra---kwame-nkrumah-memorial-park |date=22 January 2015 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090212181831/http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&listing=Kwame%20Nkrumah&page=viewListing&lid=10&Itemid=36 Ghana-pedia Kwame Nkrumah] * [http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&listing=Operation%Cold%Chop&page=viewListing&lid=287&Itemid=36 Ghana-pedia ''Operation Cold Chop'': The Fall Of Kwame Nkrumah]{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} <!--dead domain* [http://www.vibeghana.com/ Dr Kwame Nkrumah]---> * [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/prof_kwamenkrumah.html Excerpt from ''Commanding Heights''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922050538/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/prof_kwamenkrumah.html |date=22 September 2017 }} by Daniel Yergin and Joseph Stanislaw * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927190754/http://www.cooperativeresearch.org/entity.jsp?entity=kwame_nkrumah Timeline of events related to the overthrow of Kwame Nkrumah] * [http://www.teachinginghana.com/index.php/2007/11/12/kwame-nkrumah-lectures-part-2/ The Kwame Nkrumah Lectures at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627181711/http://www.teachinginghana.com/index.php/2007/11/12/kwame-nkrumah-lectures-part-2/ |date=27 June 2008 }} * [http://www.nkrumah.net/ Kwame Nkrumah Information and Resource Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216040945/http://www.nkrumah.net/ |date=16 December 2008 }} * [http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/ghana/090925/ghana-honors-nkrumah-statue-moammar-gadhafi Ghana re-evaluates Nkrumah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305011403/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/ghana/090925/ghana-honors-nkrumah-statue-moammar-gadhafi |date=5 March 2016 }} by ''[[The Global Post]]'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090213044033/http://ghanaconscious.ghanathink.org/podcasts/2007/03/6th-march-1957-midnight-speech Dr Kwame Nkrumah's Midnight Speech on the day of Ghana's independence&nbsp;– 6 March 1957.] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9zYDxbJimw Newsreel on First Conference of Independent African States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709080810/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9zYDxbJimw |date=9 July 2015 }} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJ09mKNRN-8 "Father of Ghana's independence Kwame Nkrumah died 50 years ago • FRANCE 24 English"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428112349/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJ09mKNRN-8 |date=28 April 2024 }} {{s-start}} {{s-ppo}} {{s-new|office}} {{s-ttl|title=Leader of the [[Convention People's Party]]|years=1948–66}} {{s-aft|after=Position abolished}} |- {{s-off}} {{s-new|office}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Ghana|Prime Minister of the Gold Coast]]|years=1952–57}} {{s-aft|after=Himself as Prime Minister of Ghana}} |- {{s-bef|before=Himself as Prime Minister of the Gold Coast}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Ghana]]|years=1957–60}} {{s-vac|next=[[Kofi Abrefa Busia]]}} |- {{s-new|rows=2|office}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ghana)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]|years=1957–58}} {{s-aft|after=[[Kojo Botsio]]}} |- {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Defence (Ghana)|Minister for Defence]]|years=1957–60}} {{s-aft|after=[[Charles de Graft Dickson]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Krobo Edusei]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for the Interior (Ghana)|Minister for the Interior]]|years=1958}} {{s-aft|after=[[Ashford Emmanuel Inkumsah]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Elizabeth II]]|as=[[Queen of Ghana]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Ghana]]|years=1960–66}} {{s-aft|after=[[Joseph Arthur Ankrah]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Ebenezer Ako-Adjei]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ghana)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]|years=1962–63}} {{s-aft|after=[[Kojo Botsio]]}} |- {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity]]|years=1965–66}} {{s-aft|after=[[Joseph Arthur Ankrah]]}} {{s-end}} == {{Authority control}}Sommo Yizie == {{DEFAULTSORT:Nkrumah, Kwame}} [[Category:Kwame Nkrumah| ]] [[Category:1909 births]] [[Category:1972 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{{Databox|item=Q8620}} '''Dr. Francis Kwame Nkrumah''' (21 kavaare kyuu 1909-27 boŋŋo kyuu 1972) da e la [[Ghanaian]] pɔleteese, political theorist, ane revolutionary. Ona da daŋ e a [[prime minister]] danweɛ soba ane [[Ghana]] yidaandɔɔ, naŋ de weɛ neŋ [[Gold coast|Gold Coast]] ka ba nyɛ sommeŋɛ yi Britain 1957 poɔ.<ref name=":0">https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230361270_4</ref> Pan-Africanism, nɔmɛlmɛ neɛ, Nkrumah da e la mɛmba ko a organization of [[Africa|African]] unity ane neɛ naŋ di a Lenin peace prize yi a [[Soviet Union]] 1962 poɔ.<ref name=":1">https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public</ref> Yuomo pie ne ayi puoriŋ onaŋ wa be paaloŋ yobo tageraa o zannoo duoro saa, meɛrɛ o political philosophy ane nara ne o taa diasporic Pan-Africanists, Nkrumah leɛ wa la Gold Coast na piili o pɔletekal yɛlɛ naŋ e meŋɛ zɔɔ faabo. <ref name=":2">https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315018775</ref>O meɛ la Nɔdaa Paate (CPP), naŋ nyɛ baabo weoŋ yi o unprecedented appeal to the common voter. <ref>https://doi.org/10.5479%2Fsil.380651.39088006011662</ref>O leɛ la prime minister 1952 poɔ ane o leɛ are la ana vuo na Ghana naŋ wa nyɛ sommeŋɛ yi [[Britain]] 1957 poɔ. 1960 poɔ, Ghanaians da neɛ la nu iri bɛgɛ gampaalaa kyɛ ɛlɛte Nkrumah Yidaandɔɔ.<ref>https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctvk3gm60.17</ref> O naaŋ da are la socialist ane nationalist. O kaa la national industrial ane faŋa yɛlɛ, a eŋ baabo ganzanne eŋɛ oŋ e kpeɛŋaa ane a zɛge Pan-Africanist yipɔge oŋ do saa. Nkrumah wagere, Ghana toŋ la international yelerre yaga African a decolonization wagere.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-19455-4</ref> A zɔɔ maaroŋ wagere, Nkrumah da e la bone na a Wɛse naŋ maŋ boɔle ka authoritarian regime Ghana poɔ. Kwame Nkrumah ma yuori da la Elizabeth Nyanibah aŋ da yi Anon juriyɛ. Ka o ba meŋ yuori da e Kofi Nɡonloma aŋ da yi juriyɛ ŋa baŋ boɔna ka "Elephant". O da deɛ Helena Ritz Fathia Nkrumah baŋ da dɔɡe biihi bata, Francis Gokeh, Sarmiah Yarba aneŋ Sekou Ritz.<ref>"Kwame Nkrumah - Wikipedia" <nowiki>https://tw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah</nowiki></ref> == Yelkorɔ == === Pampana yelkorɔ === A Kumasi College ko Technology maŋ yuo la a 22 January 1952 neŋ 200 teekyare karembiiri naŋ yi Achimota wa, ka ba wa piili a a kolagyi. A October 1952, a sakuuri ko Engineering ane a Department ko Commerce da piilee naŋ da e a dɛndɛŋ soba. A Pharmacy Department da piilee January 1953, neŋ neɛ naŋ da e tontonna ko a Pharmacy yi a Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, ko a kolagyi. A department da zanna la yuomo ayi comprehensive course naŋ be a Pharmacy naŋ da vɛŋ ka ba maŋ terɛ Pharmacy Board Certificate. A Department ko a Agriculture meŋ da yuo la a yuoŋyeni ŋa poɔ naŋ da tere ad hoc zannoo dɔlɔ ko wagere mine, yi wagere fēē mine te wagere gyamaa mine, ko a Ministry of Agriculture. A Department ko General Studies da maalɛɛ ka o da wule biiri naŋ be Higher School Certificate Examinations kyaare Science ane Arts zanno dɔlɔ ane ka ba tere sobie zannoo dɔlɔ mine naŋ taa boɔbo mine ko departments sere mine. Yi 1952 te ta 1955, a sakuuri ko Engineering da kyɔɔrɛɛ sakubiiri kyaare neŋ professional qualifications yoŋ. A 1955, da taa la zannoo neŋ dɔlɔ mime naŋ da be a University of London Bachelor ko Engineering External Degree Examinations. A 1957, a sakuuri ko Architecture, Town Planning ane Building meŋ da piilee. A o sakubiiri dɛndɛŋ soba da piilee January 1958, kyaare professional zannoo dɔlɔ A kolagyi da yɔlɛɛ, o da eɛ a Kumasi kolagyi ko Technology naŋ da e science ane technology sakuuri. Mere naŋ beebe, a teekyɛre tureeni kolagyi, neŋ a ba paalebo ko Art Sakuuri, da la leɛre la yi January 1958, ko a Winneba tureeni kolagyi; a 1959 a Commerce Department da leɛre gaa la Achimota ka o da maale a Sakuuri kyaare Administration naŋ be a University of Ghana, Legon. A December 1960, a Gɔbena ko a Ghana da iree neɛ ko a University Commission ka o tere kpaamo kyaare neŋ a university zannoo saazu duobu yeltare, neŋ yeltare ka ba leɛre a University kolagyi gaaneŋ Ghana ane a Kumasi College of Technology gaaneŋ someŋɛ University of Ghana. Duoruu tuubu mine yi a commission naŋ da yi wieoŋ a 1961, a gɔbena da maalɛɛ a sommenne univɛnitiri naŋ be a Kumasi ane Legon, Accra. A Kumasi Kolagyi ko Technology da leɛre la gaa, yineŋ kaabo naŋ da be a R. P. Baffour, ko a full-fledged university, ane a yuori '''Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology''' yi a merɛ naŋ be a Parliament a 22 August 1961. A yuori da eɛ puoraa ko Kwame Nkrumah, naŋ e a dɛndɛŋ prime minister kyɛ ta wagere kaŋa da e a president ko a Ghana. A January 1966, Marr Grounds, naŋ e American/Australian yielŋmeɛrɛ naŋ kpeɛrɛ California, da nyɛ la iruuŋ kaŋa naŋ e karema ko a architecture a da maale yuomo ayi, kyɛ pãã da la leɛroo gaa a University of Sydney School ko Architecture, Design ane Planning a 1968. A yuori da taa leɛroo gaaneŋ University of Science ane Technology yi a zɔɔre puoriŋ a 24 February 1966. A University ko Science ane Technology da piilee a Wednesday, 20 November 1961. Neŋ a lɛ zaa, a merɛ kaŋa a Parliament (Act 559 a 1998) da leɛrɛɛ a yuori gaaneŋ a yuori meŋɛ waaloŋ, a Kwame Nkrumah University ko Science ane Technology, Kumasi. == Kampuusiri == === Kumasi kampuusi === A Kumasi kampuusi la a kampuusi kpoŋ ko a university. O na baŋ taɛ mɛlɛ ayɔpoi a zieŋ ane mɛlɛ anii (13 km) ko a east a Kumasi. O taa la a Central Administration ane deri menne mine. === Obuasi kampuusi === A Obuasi kampuusi piiluu saŋa da la a 4 November 2020 neŋ o da naŋ taa a inception a yuoni 2019 gba. O taa la 15 undergraduate programmes, naŋ e zannoo dɔlɔ ayɔpoi ko Engineering programmes, zannoo dɔlɔ anaare ko Business Administration programmes, zannoo dɔlɔ ata ko Allied Health Sciences programmes ane zannoo dɔlɔ yeni ko Science programme. == Organization ane administration == === Principal ɔfisiri === A principal officers ko a university la a chancellor, chairman ko a University Council ane vice-chancellor. A 2018, a wederoŋ vuo kyaare a chancellor da taa soɔbo ko a Asantehene Otumfuo Osei Tutu II. == Nyovori piiloo ane kanno-yelitaree == === Gold Coast === Kwame Nkrumah dogebu da e la Tuesday daare , 21 September 1909 <ref>https://www.mkgandhi.org/articles/nonviolence-of-Mahatma-Gandhi-in-Ghana.html</ref><ref>https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsehistory/2018/10/10/kwame-nkrumah-lse/</ref>a [[Nkroful, Gold Coast]] (now Ghana)<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1964/01/03/archives/man-in-the-news-an-african-enigma-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>. [[Nkroful]] da e la kuri bile a [[Nzema]] area, nang be a southwest ko a Gold Coast, nang pieli a frontier ning a French colony a ko a [[Ivory Coast.]] O ba da ba kpeira ning o yideme , kye da tona a [[Half Assini]] ziena ung zanne o goldsmith daabu yelitarihi awaana o kuung<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230205164542/https://www.uew.edu.gh/lib-fetured/ghana-autobiography-kwame-nkrumah</ref>. Kwame Nkrumah o ma ane yideme da guoloo, noba nang lang kpeira ane lasiri kye taa dogeriba nang be toori nang mang wa nyeba wagere ne wagere.O da kpeiree peenhibu o biibiilong wagere , a kuraa poung , a moo puong, nang da pieli a mani <ref>https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumah00davi</ref>. Wagere na o nang da be a sakuuri bie a [[United States]], ba da buonoo ka Francis Nwia Kofi Nkrumah, Kofi da e la [[Akan]] yuori ba nang mang ku dɔɔ ba doge Fridays<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press</ref>. Pouring ung leuhi a youri gaa Kwame Nkrumah in 1945 in the UK,yoe buoraa "Kwame"<ref>https://www.primenewsghana.com/politics/kwame-nkrumah-memorial-day-dr-kwame-nkrumah-a-son-of-the-soil.html</ref><ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>. A duoho a yi Ebenezer Obiri Addo o karembo gaa nimbituori paalikaara, a yuori "Nkrumah", a lasiri yuori ba nang mang ko a ninth child, wolee ka Kwame ‘mine kangang nyee zie a o Ba deu , nie nang taa poeba gyemaa<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201018205429/http://www.tvafrique.com/kwame-nkrumah/</ref>. O Ba, Opanyin Kofi Nwiana Ngolomah, yie Nkroful nang be a Nzema East pampana ba buola Ellembele, ung da e a Asona clan of the Akan Tribe. ziiri wolee ka Ngolomah kpee a [[Tarkwa-Nsuaem]] ane ung tung a goldsmith business<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170820160658/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/200909/27258.php</ref>. Ngolomah da taa gyirima ko a yeng ane kawani ko noba nang boura kawani yi o lasiri yela ane deu yele-taaree.O da kpiye ayuoni 1927<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170817034351/http://www.nkrumahinfobank.org/article.php?id=100&c=11</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>. Kwame da e la o Ma biyeni <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-0785-8</ref>. O gaanoo a elementary school nang da kaara yi a Catholic mission a Half Assini, ziena ung a sagi ka o e ye sakuri bizigilii<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref> . Anaazaa ka o Ma , nie ba nang da buola Elizabeth Nyanibah (1876/77–1979)<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170821212904/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/Archive/2000/499/profile.htm</ref>, puoring da leu yelee ka dogibo bebiri 1912, Nkrumah segee ka o dogibo bebiri e la 21 September 1909. O Ma yire e la Nsuaem kye ung yi a Agona family. o da e la zingkuora ane yaagu e-ra wagere ung da kuli sera<ref>https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.u158013</ref>. o dogibo beri anii puoring , o Ba da buoloo ka Francis Nwia-Kofi o nang da e dogera <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>kanga yuori,puori ka o ba ne o ma koo ka Francis Kwame Ngolomah<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170820160658/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/200909/27258.php</ref> O ‘nimbi-toori gaabu ning a yuon- pie fora-yeli-irihi yuomo anii puong . A yuoni 1925, o da e la bibiiri karemkanna a sakuri ane ung da e [[baptized]] nang be [[Catholic faith]]<ref>https://doi.org/10.1086%2F454260</ref>.kye da be a sakuuu ,noba buoloo ka [[Reverend Alec Garden Fraser]], ning kpong ko a Government Training College (soon to become [[Achimota School]]) nang be a Gold Coast's capital, Accra. Fraser maali ‘bing ko Nkrumah ka o zanne ŋa a karema nang be sakuu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFOwusu-Ansah</ref> . ziena[[, Columbia]]-educated deputy headmaster [[Kwegyir Aggrey]] da e-roo kyaare a teiha yi Marcus Garvey ane W. E. B. Du Bois. Aggrey, Fraser, ane ning jaani a Achimota puong anaazaa ka langtaa na bilabe ko a baloo kpachage nang kaara a Gold Coast, kye Nkrumah, echoing Garvey, leu wa teiha ka ningsagne baloo minga kaabo da naang tuong taa haakili‘yeni ba buuri kpachaga<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFAddo</ref>. Ung da nye o karima mine sieree gbangu yi a [[Prince of Wales' College]] a Achimota a yuoni 1930<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>, Nkrumah da nyee karembu toma nang be Roman Catholic primary school in [[Elmina]] a yuoni 1931<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>. A pari a pari yuoni boyeni, o da e la a karima mine ning kpong ko a [[Axim]]. A Axim, o da piilee kpieree paalikaa yelitarihikye leu te be a Nzema Literary Society. A yuoni 1933, ba e-roo ung e karema ko a Catholic seminary at Amissano<ref>https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28819/1/10672987.pdf</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref>. Anaazaa ka be kpiebo da e la tuo ,kye o un da nung bila, ane o na da buora ka o leu Jesuit. Nkrumah o da wonye a ‘duohi-seura ane nimbituri [[Nigerian]] paalikaara [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] yela kye sukuri biiri a Achimota; a daba bai da nyee taa kye <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref> Azikiwe's haakila teibo da paahi Nkrumah nungbo a black nationalism<ref>https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195301731.013.40103</ref>.A karema bile da buora ka o karim gaa nimbituori. Azikiwe da gaa la [[Lincoln University,]] a [[historically black college]] nang be [[Chester County, Pennsylvania]], west ko [[Philadelphia]], kye e Nkrumah kawani ka o kpe be<ref>https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230603486</ref>. Nkrumah,da fieliye u daanuori; teesi ko a [[London University]],o da nyee sungbo ko o yuobo ane o sakuuri yelitaree yi o dogereba seng .o da chenye gaa [[Britain]], ziena ung zanne, ko o nimbikuoniiyi Italy's ngmaabu ko [[Ethiopia]], a paaloo bonyeni kanga yi a independent African nations. o da gaa a [[United States]], a October 1935<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/222725</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref> === United States === A yi ayeli’kori seuseura [[John Henrik Clarke]] o atiklehi ku a Nkrumah's American sojourn, " a haakila leubo yi a yuom-pie ung nang da be a [[United States]] da taa naaribo jeri nyiibu ko o nyovore chelee nang kpaling." Nkrumah da moo nye kpiebu ko [[Lincoln University]] wagere kanga seni ung piilee karembo a beng<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFClarke</ref>. Nkrumah da baaree a Bachelor of Arts degree a economics ane sociology a yuoni 1939. Lincoln leu e-roo ung e‘wuliwulo sungna a bambu bii daanhibu buobu.O da piilii diaree buolibo ka o e a saamba nie ang muola Ngmini yela a Presbyterian churches in Philadelphia ane New York<ref>https://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11427/9290/thesis_hum_2014_opokumensah_e.pdf?sequence=1</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200602070935/https://www.mtkenyatimes.co.ke/auto-draft-3/</ref>. A yuoni 1939, Nkrumah da kpe a Lincoln's seminary ane a [[Ivy League institution]], a University of Pennsylvania nang be Philadelphia ane a yuoni 1942,o da piilii tuni a Mu chapter of [[Phi Beta Sigma fraternity at Lincoln University]]<ref>https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2067&context=etd</ref>. Nkrumah nyee a Bachelor of Theology degree yi a Lincoln a 1942, a karembi-zudaana a koose . O sanyeu diabo yi a Penn a tuuro a yuoni a Master ko Arts degree nang be philosophy ane a Master of Science in education<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref>. Wagere a Penn, Nkrumah tomee ning a kokojera ‘wono [[William Everett Welmers]], a kuro a yelibo bungma nang maali a munpiilee ku a fora descriptive grammar ko a teng-be [[Fante dialect]] of the [[Akan language]]. Nkrumah ming da piilee tuma ning a [[Prince Hall Freemasonry]] kye da kpiera a United States<ref>https://aha.confex.com/aha/2009/webprogram/Paper2449.html</ref><ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Special-Tribute-to-Dr-Kwame-Nkrumah-286481</ref>. Nkrumah da kannee bukuri agaa paalikaa yelitarihi ane Ngminihung yela zannuu , ane biirii karembo a bambu bii daanhibu buobu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#cite_note-63</ref>. A yuoni 1943 Nkrumah da nyee [[Trinidadian]] Marxist [[C. L. R. James,]] Russaian long paalijaala [[Raya Dunayevskaya]], ane Chinese-American Grace Lee Boggs,ba zaa da e la membare ko a American-based Marxist intellectual [[Cohort.|cohort]]<ref>https://www.africanglobe.net/featured/dr-kwame-nkrumah/</ref>[[Cohort.|.]] Nkrumah puoring da tiehi yeli ‘ku ye James ning o karembo "bila tenge muni toma chene mang be<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref> ". [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] gbama ing’zie ko Nkrumah, kpeling yi a January to May 1945,da wuloo nie ang tuong sagi ‘komunizim<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref>. Nkrumah da e la siiri ka o gaa London, a buora ka o nang kanne gaa ‘nimbi-toori a [[Second World War]] da baaree<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAddo70-67</ref> . James, a yuoni1945 puori wulee Nkrumah to [[Trinidad-born]] George Padmore a London,seuye: " A dau baapaala waana o zie .O da ba e nimbiyuoro,kye anaa-zaa da erakura o le ne ung na tuong bonso o da eraa siri ka o za Europeans yi a Africa<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref>." == 1966 coup d'état == See also: [[National Liberation Council § 1966 coup]] A February 1966, kye ka Nkrumah da bila sori gara ka o ta nye a [[North Vietnam]] ane China, o paalikaa da ihi nie naalung ‘kogong a miihuu ''coup d'état'' ang dia zu yi a paaloo [[military]] ane [[police]] forces, ning sungbu yi a civil service<ref>https://ghanaremembers.com/stories/people/kwame-nkrumah-a-biography-of-ghanas-first-president.html</ref>. A noba nang da buora ka ba toung beu conspirators, ‘yie diera da e-ye [[Joseph Arthur Ankrah,]] da kuye ba mine yuori ka a [[National Liberation Council]] ane o kaabo awa soje yela paalikaabo yuomo ata agaa . Nkrumah da zanne ko a coup sene ung da te-ta a China. A coup puoring,Nkrumah da kpee a Beijing beri anaare, ane Premier [[Zhou Enlai]] da kaakoo ning gyirima <ref>https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00064246.1972.11431232</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/news/876767/the-confused-moments-of-nkrumah-in-china-after-the-coup.html</ref>. == Foomaraa leubu ane kuung == Main article: [[Death and state funeral of Kwame Nkrumah]] Nkrumah kpeing a 27 April 1972, a [[Bucharest]], a teng kpong ku a [[Romania]],ko yela babanginuu kye ang ba sogili baalung. a coup wagere , o daang kpiera a Guinean teng-kpong ko Conakry, ang jeng ‘tengeng wagiri nga. == Daanhibu ane Cheng bung == O wagere, Nkrumah da nyee Kyɔɔtaɛ ko awarded honorary doctorates yi universities jemaa a paahi [[Lincoln University (Pennsylvania), Moscow State University]] (USSR), [[Cairo University]] ([[Egypt]]), [[Jagiellonian University]] [[(Poland]]), ane [[Humboldt University (East Germany)]]<ref>http://www.kwamenkrumahcentenary.org/esi_speech.html</ref>. A yi a ‘nimbiyuo ‘sieree gbanseu ‘binnuu barebo yi a [[U.S. Department of State's Office of the Historian]], "Nkrumah da e-ree yele gyemaa ka o ligiri bung ‘muning ko a [U.S. government] buobo gang a black African jaa<ref>https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v26/d201</ref> ." A September 2009, President [[John Atta Mills]] da wulee a 21 September (the 100th anniversary of Kwame Nkrumah's birth) ung e a [[Founders' Day]], a kparaama pennuu ‘bebiri a Gaana ka ba teihe a nabaali yela ko Kwame Nkrumah<ref>http://www.modernghana.com/news/236431/1/nkrumahs-birthday-declared-a-holiday.html</ref>. A April 2019, President Akufo-Addo da sagi ku a Public Holidays (Amendment) Act 2019 nang leure a 21 September yi Founders' Day gaa[[Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Day]]<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/President-Akufo-Addo-assents-to-Public-Holidays-Amendment-Act-2019-744767</ref>. == Meŋa nyɔvore-yele == Kwame Nkrumah kulee [[Fathia Ritzk]], an [[Egyptian Coptic]] bank tongtuna ane sakuuri karema koree , a ‘zi-maanii o na da waana a Gaana pou: New Year's Eve, 1957–1958<ref>http://www.nathanielturner.com/fathiankrumahfarewell.htm</ref>. Fathia's ma da zaahiye ka o buoli ngmini ko o ba kuli-taa yele ne puong, o bie kanga nang da yi ne a dau saana<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200610125740/https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/here-are-all-the-first-ladies-of-ghana-since-independence/0l2k3hw</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/1095/fathia-the-rock-of-the-nkrumah-family.html</ref>. Aŋa kuli-taa deme, Fathia ane Nkrumah da taa biiri bata : Gamal (born 1958), Samia (born 1960) ane Sekou (born 1964). [[Gamal]] da e la ‘duohi-saamba gbangu seura , ky ka [[Samia]] ane Sekou ming da e la paalikaa tuntuniba . Nkrumah da taa bidau zaala, Francis, a paediatrician (born 1935)<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20181019075818/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2014/September-22nd/africa-must-re-examine-implement-nkrumahs-ideas-francis-nkrumah.php</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190406213932/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Kwame-Nkrumah-s-unknown-son-surfaces-235004</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190904212017/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/social/201507/249589.php</ref><ref>https://www.knust.edu.gh/about/knust/history</ref>. == O Yeli yaɡa Ŋmaara Mine == "N nuŋ yɛŋ ka N so n meŋa kyɛ be dɔɡee poɔŋ ɡaa ka N ta so n meŋa" "Ghana meŋa soubu ba tare tɔna jaa ka Africa paaluu jaa ba so o meŋa" "Africa taree sɔre ka te laŋtaa" "Nimitɔɔre ɡaabu yoŋ, boɔre ɡaabu kyibe" "Eŋ ba e neɛ aŋ yɛli ka N yie Africa baŋ dɔɡe ma Africa kye juŋ, eŋ eɛ neɛ aŋ yi Africa bojuŋ ba dɔɡee Africa eŋ eŋan" "Te ihee panpana. Te daŋ kula ɡbihi jaa. Aŋ yi jine ɡara, Africa paalaa waɛ dunee" "Ka neɛ era yɛla kyɛ ba tieha eɛ yelkpala. Ka neɛ tieha kyɛ ba ihi era eɛ wa jɔŋloŋ"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> "Neɛ jaa aŋ yi Africa, ka e bie "North" bee "South America", "Carrabean" dɛme bee dunee lombori jiejaa baŋ be eɛ nuba aŋ yi Africa"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> "Meŋa soɔbu ba e boŋ eŋ na de ko neɛ a wa kyeotaa. Yɛ boŋ la neɛ meŋ jaa koŋ baŋ bimuu koɛ"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> ==== vuune toma mine ==== Nkrumah's da terɛɛ sommo ko a industrial development, sommo ko a Minister of Finance, Komla Agbeli Gbedema, ko a Volta River Project: a Meɛbo ko a hydroelectric power plant, a Akosombo Dam kyaare a Volta River a eastern Ghana. A Volta River Project da la a duoruu terɛ ko Nkrumah's economic programme. A 20 February 1958, o da yeli ko la National Assembly: "n taa la sagedeebo kpeɛŋaa ko a Volta River Project naŋ maŋ terɛ a sobie naŋ maŋ vɛŋ ka te kpɛ a economic independence." Ghana da nyɛ sommo yi United States, Israel ane a World Bank ka ba mɛ dampo. Kaiser Aluminum da sagɛɛ ka ba da mɛ a dampo ko Nkrumah, kyɛ da are neŋ feeroŋ neŋ boma na ba naŋ na de maale neŋ a fintindigili. Nkrumah da pɛŋɛɛ libie ka ba da mɛ neŋ a dampo, naŋ da vɛŋ sanne da be a Ghana. Ka ba da soŋ yɔɔ a sane, o da duorɛɛŋ zuyɔɔ naŋ be cocoa koɔreba a south. Ŋaa da vɛŋɛɛ nimikpɛ yɛlɛ da bebe. A dampo Meɛbo da baarɛɛ kyɛ naŋ piili a Nkrumah amidst global publicity a 22 January 1966. Nkrumah da wanne la Ghana Nuclear Reactor Project a 1961, naŋ taa piiluu a Ghana Atomic Energy Commission a 1963, ane a 1964 naŋ da vɛŋ a kuuri dɛndɛŋ ka o da e a atomic energy facility. ==== Cocoa ==== A 1954 a tendaa zaa cocoa daaroŋ da zɛge do ko a cocoa koɔba ka ba are ko windfall, Nkrumah da senne neŋ la a duobu ko central government levies, naŋ da vɛŋ ka o da areko a national development projects. A yɛlɛ ama mine da soŋ o la ka o da la do wederoŋ. Boma daaroŋ da naŋ duoro saa. A 1960 a cocoa baagyi daaroŋ da arɛɛ £250 a London. A August 1965 a daaroŋ da arɛɛ £91. A daaroŋ duobu da sigee yi a Gɔbena naŋ da areko a boŋguri ane koɔba ka ba da nyɛ a arekoobo. === Saakonnoŋ === Nkrumah da eɛ ardent promoterko a pan-Africanism, naŋ nyɛ gaabo e ''"quest for regional integration of the whole of the African continent"''. A saŋa ko Nkrumah's nimizeeloŋ ko politisi taa la mannoo naŋ e "golden age of high pan-African ambitions"; a continent da nyɛɛ nationalist movements ane decolonization ko a European colonial powers, ane historians da nyɛ la duoruu ka "a mannoo ane solidarity da nyɛɛ momentum naŋ be a pan-Africanist movement". Naŋ leɛ teɛre African heritage, Nkrumah gbɛɛ gyamaa na maŋ eschewed Western fashion, donning a fugu (a Northern attire) naŋ taa Southern-produced Kente cloth, a banaa taa la bambo. O da paalɛɛ a piiluu a Ghana Museum a 5 March 1957; a Arts Council of Ghana, a wing ko a Ministry of Education ane Culture, a 1958; a Research Library a African Affairs a June 1961; ane a Ghana Film Corporation a 1964. A 1962, Nkrumah naŋ taa yuobu a Institute of African Studies. A campaign yineŋ nudity naŋ be a northern naŋ paale a teŋɛ naŋ nyɛ special attention yi Nkrumah, naŋ da nyɛ Propaganda Secretary Hannah Cudjoe ka ba tere yeluu. Cudjoe meŋ da maalɛɛ a Ghana Women's League, naŋ da zɛge a Party's agenda kyaare nutrition, biiri guoluu, ane bonsuuri suubu. A League meŋ da la yi la zɔɔre naŋ da taa sommo ko French nuclear weapons a Sahara. Cudjoe wasda iree consolidation kyaare national women's groups, a da vɛŋ sentaaloŋ be a Party poɔŋ. Merɛ da bebe a 1959 ane 1960 naŋ da kyaare wederoŋ mine a parliament naŋ da taa wederoŋ neŋ pɔge. Pɔgeba mine da taa la zɛgebo gaa CPP Central Committee. Pɔgeba gyamaa da gaa la Yunivɛniti, a da furi tonsonne mine teseŋ medicine ane law, kyɛ da la gaa neŋ professional trips a Israel, a Soviet Union, ane a Eastern Bloc. Pɔgeba meŋ da kpɛɛ sogyaaloŋ ane air force. Pɔgeba gyamaa da be la koɔbo ane yɛroŋ; bamine da nyɛɛ sommo yi Co-operative Movement. Nkrumah's enfuomo da yɛre pɔgɛɛ a zie zaa, teseŋ, a postage stamps ane a libie, naŋ taa yitaaloŋ neŋ monarchs – naŋ terɛ fodder gɛgɛroŋ naŋ bebe ko Nkrumahist ka o paalɛɛ kɔlt. ==Kyɔɔtaɛ== ===Tenne mine Kyɔɔtaɛ=== {{Clear}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |- ! style="width:90px;" | Ribbon ! style="width:350px;" | Distinction ! style="width:120px;" | Country ! style="width:120px;" | Date ! Reference |- | [[File:EGY Order of the Nile - Grand Cordon BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Nile]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Egypt|1922}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1957 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite book |editor1-last=Danquah |editor1-first=Moses |title=Ghana: One Year Old. A First Independence Anniversary Review |date=1958 |publisher=Publicity Promotions |location=Accra |page=32 |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/2008700208/ |access-date=5 May 2025}} |- | [[File:LBN National Order of the Cedar - Grand Cordon BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cordon of the [[National Order of the Cedar]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Lebanon}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1957 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- | [[File:Order of the Yugoslavian Great Star Rib.png|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | [[Order of the Yugoslav Star|Order of the Yugoslav Great Star]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Yugoslavia|1946}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2 March 1961 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite news |title=Председник Тито предао председнику Нкрумаху Ореден велике југословенске звезде |url=http://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp%7Cissue:UB_00064_19610303%7Cpage:4%7Cquery:%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%20%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%20%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5 |access-date=6 May 2025 |work=[[Borba (newspaper)|Borba]] |date=3 March 1961 |language=sr}} |- | [[File:CZE Rad Bileho Lva 3 tridy BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Collar of the [[Order of the White Lion]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Czechoslovakia}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2 August 1961 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=Československý řád Bílého lva 1923–1990 |url=https://www.prazskyhradarchiv.cz/file/edee/vyznamenani/cs_rbl.pdf |publisher=Archivu Kanceláře prezidenta republiky |access-date=5 May 2025 |page=130 |language=cs}} |- | [[File:Order of the Elephant Ribbon bar.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | [[Lenin Peace Prize]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Soviet Union|1955}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 30 April 1962 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite news |title=Picasso Gets Lenin Prize |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1873&dat=19620501&id=dsAeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bsoEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6210,37008 |access-date=6 May 2025 |work=Daytona Beach Morning Journal |date=1 May 1962}} |- | [[File:Cordone di gran Croce di Gran Cordone OMRI BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Italy}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 25 September 1963 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=Elenco dei Cavalieri di Gran Croce, decorati di Gran Cordone dell'Ordine, defunti |url=https://archivio.quirinale.it/materiali-pubblicazioni/onorificenze/ASPR_Onorificenze_Cavalieri_di_Gran_Croce_Gran_Cordone.pdf |publisher=Portale storico della Presidenza della Repubblica |access-date=5 May 2025 |language=it}} |- | [[File:POL Polonia Restituta Wielki BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cross of the [[Order of Polonia Restituta]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Poland}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1965 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite book |last1=Stela |first1=Wojciech |title=Polskie ordery i odznaczenia (Vol. I) |date=2008 |location=Warsaw |page=49}} |- | [[File:Order of the Companions of O.R. Tambo (ribbon bar).gif|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Supreme Companion of the [[Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|South Africa}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 16 June 2004(posthumously) | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=2004 National Orders awards |url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/people/nationalorders2004.htm |website=SouthAfrica.info |access-date=5 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204092331/http://www.southafrica.info/about/people/nationalorders2004.htm#.VrMYl-zP32c |archive-date=4 February 2016}} |} ==Kwame Nkrumah Toma O Naŋ Toŋ== [[File:1989 CPA 6101.jpg|thumb|right|A postage stamp from the [[Soviet Union]] marking the 80th anniversary of his birth]] [[File:Independence Arch - Accra, Ghana1.jpg|thumb|Independence Arch in Accra]] * "Negro History: European Government in Africa", ''The Lincolnian'', 12 April 1938, p.&nbsp;2 (Lincoln University, Pennsylvania) – see [https://web.archive.org/web/20090817175003/http://www.lincoln.edu/library/project.html Special Collections and Archives, Lincoln University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817175003/http://www.lincoln.edu/library/project.html |date=17 August 2009 }}{{Cite journal|last=Bontemps|first=Arna|date=20 April 2017|title=Lincoln and the Negro|journal=University of Illinois Press|volume=1|doi=10.5406/illinois/9780252037696.003.0005}} * "Primitive Education in West Africa," ''Educational Outlook,'' January 1941 (University of Pennsylvania). [https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-primitive-education/ See] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303212548/https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-primitive-education/ |date=3 March 2024 }} * "Education and Nationalism in Africa," ''Educational Outlook,'' November 1943 (University of Pennsylvania). [https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-education-nationalism/ See] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303212548/https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-education-nationalism/ |date=3 March 2024 }} * ''Ghana: The Autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah'' (1957). {{ISBN|0-901787-60-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Ghana: the autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah|date=2002|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-60-4|edition=Africa's 100 best books|location=London|oclc=51932153}} * ''Africa Must Unite'' (1963). {{ISBN|0-901787-13-2}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Africa must unite|date=1963|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-13-2|location=London|oclc=6567302}} * ''African Personality'' (1963){{Cite book|last=Mead, Margaret |title=Technique & personality|date=1963|publisher=Museum of Primitive Art|oclc=603547274}} {{blockquote|The essence of neo-colonialism is that the State which is subject to it is, in theory, independent and has all the outward trappings of international sovereignty. In reality its economic system and thus its political policy is directed from outside.|Introduction}} * ''Neo-Colonialism, the Last Stage of Imperialism'' (1965){{Cite journal|last1=Tiger|first1=Lionel|last2=Nkrumah|first2=Kwame|date=1966|title=Neo-Colonialism. The Last Stage of Imperialism|journal=International Journal|volume=22|issue=1|pages=161|doi=10.2307/40199801|jstor=40199801|s2cid=143584107 |issn=0020-7020}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Neo-colonialism: the last stage of imperialism.|date=1990|publisher=Panaf|oclc=59982527}} * ''Axioms of Kwame Nkrumah'' (1967). {{ISBN|0-901787-54-X}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Kwame Nkrumah: the Conakry years, his life and letters|date=1990|publisher=PANAF|others=Milne, June 1920–|isbn=0-901787-53-1|location=London|oclc=22733303}} * ''African Socialism Revisited'' (1967){{Cite journal|date=October 1967|title=African Socialism|journal=International Affairs|volume=43|issue=4|pages=779|doi=10.1093/ia/43.4.779|issn=1468-2346}} * ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nGB1AAAAMAAJ Challenge of the Congo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405030326/https://books.google.com/books?id=nGB1AAAAMAAJ |date=5 April 2023 }}'' (1967) *''Voice From Conakry'' (1967). {{ISBN|90-17-87027-3}} * ''Dark Days in Ghana'' (1968). {{ISBN|0-7178-0046-6}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Dark days in Ghana|date=1972|publisher=Internat. Publ|isbn=0-7178-0046-6|edition=Repr|location=New York|oclc=796074108}} * ''Handbook of Revolutionary Warfare'' (1968). {{ISBN|0-7178-0226-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Handbook of revolutionary warfare: a guide to the armed phase of the African revolution|date=1975|publisher=International Publishers|isbn=0-7178-0226-4|edition=1st U.S.|location=New York|oclc=8095708}} * ''The Way Out, "Civilian Rule" Fraud and A Call for Positive Action and Armed Struggle'' (1970){{Cite book |last=Nkrumah |first=Kwame |title=The Way Out, "Civilian Rule" Fraud and A Call for Positive Action and Armed Struggle |publisher=Panaf Books |year=1970 |edition=Reprinted |location=University of London, Senate House Library} * ''Consciencism: Philosophy and Ideology for De-Colonisation'' (1970). {{ISBN|0-901787-11-6}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Consciencism: philosophy and ideology for decolonisation|date=1978|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-11-6|location=London|oclc=16613918}} * ''Class Struggle in Africa'' (1970). {{ISBN|0-901787-12-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Class struggle in Africa.|date=1970|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-12-4|location=London|oclc=153293}} * ''The Struggle Continues'' (1973). {{ISBN|0-901787-41-8}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=The struggle continues: six ... pamphlets|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-41-8|location=London|oclc=3073780} * ''I Speak of Freedom'' (1973). {{ISBN|0-901787-14-0}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=I speak of freedom|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-14-0|location=London |oclc=16236424}} * ''Revolutionary Path'' (1973). {{ISBN|978-0-901787-22-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Revolutionary path.|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-22-1|location=London|oclc=764869}} == Tigri == Yelyaga boɔbo leɛ kaa Kwame Nkrumah tigiri == Meŋ Kaa Kyɛ == Nkrumah gɔbena == Kyɛle kyɛ == {{notelist}} == Meŋɛ Nyɔvooroŋ == * {{Cite book |last=Addo |first=Ebenezer Obiri |title=Kwame Nkrumah: A Case Study of Religion and Politics in Ghana |publisher=University Press of America|year=1997 |isbn=978-0-7618-0785-8|ref={{sfnRef|Addo}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Birmingham |first=David |title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Father of African Nationalism |publisher=Ohio University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8214-1242-8|ref={{sfnRef|Birmingham}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Bourret |first=F. M. |title=Ghana—The Road to Independence |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1960|edition=Revised|orig-date=1949 |oclc= 414362 |ref={{sfnRef|Bourret}} }} * {{cite journal |title=Kwame Nkrumah: His years in America|last=Clarke|first=John Henrik|volume=6|issue=2|date=October 1974|journal=[[The Black Scholar]]|pages=9–16|doi=10.1080/00064246.1974.11431459 |jstor=41065759|s2cid=141785632 |ref={{sfnRef|Clarke}} }} * {{cite book |last=Fuller|first=Harcourt|year=2014|title=Building the Ghanaian Nation-State|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-44856-9 |ref={{sfnRef|Fuller}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Mazrui |first=Ali |author-link=Ali Mazrui|title=Nkrumah's Legacy and Africa's Triple Heritage Between Globalization and Counter Terrorism |publisher=Ghana Universities Press|year=2004 |isbn=978-9964-3-0296-2|ref={{sfnRef|Mazrui}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Owusu-Ansah |first=David |title=Biographical Dictionary of Ghana |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-8108-7242-4|edition=4th|ref={{sfnRef|Owusu-Ansah}} }} * {{Cite book|last=Rooney|first=David|year=1988|title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Political Kingdom in the Third World|publisher=St. Martin's Press|ref={{sfnRef|Rooney}}|isbn=978-0-312-02479-6|url=https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumah00davi}} * {{Cite book|last=Sherwood|first=Marika|author-link=Marika Sherwood|year=1996|title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Years Abroad 1935–1947|publisher=Freedom Publications|isbn=978-9988-7716-0-7|ref={{sfnRef|Sherwood}}|url=https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumahyear00sher_0}} * {{Cite book |last=Thompson |first=W. Scott |title=Ghana's Foreign Policy 1957–1966 |url=https://archive.org/details/ghanasforeignpol1969wsco |url-access=registration |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1969 |oclc=2616|ref={{sfnRef|Thompson}} }} == Nimitɔɔre mine kannoo == {{refbegin|40em}} * Arhin, Kwame (1993). ''The Life and Work of Kwame Nkrumah''. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, Inc. {{ISBN|9780865433953}} (08543395X) * Baynham, Simon (1988). ''The Military and Politics in Nkrumah's Ghana''. Westview Special Studies on Africa. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, Inc. (Frederick A. Praeger), {{ISBN|0-8133-70639}} * Biney, Ama. "The Legacy of Kwame Nkrumah in Retrospect." ''Journal of Pan African Studies'' 2.3 (2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210205064300/http://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/amcdouga/Hist247/winter_2014/resources/LegacyOfKwameNkrumah.pdf online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205064300/http://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/amcdouga/Hist247/winter_2014/resources/LegacyOfKwameNkrumah.pdf |date=5 February 2021 }}, historiography * Biney, Ama. ''The political and social thought of Kwame Nkrumah'' (2011). * Biney, Ama. "The Development of Kwame Nkrumah's Political Thought in Exile, 1966–1972." ''Journal of African History'' 50.1 (2009): 81–100. * Bretton, Henry L. ''The rise and fall of Kwame Nkrumah: a study of personal rule in Africa'' (1967). * {{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Basil |title=Black Star: A View of the Life and Times of Kwame Nkrumah |publisher=James Currey |location=Oxford, UK |orig-date=1973 |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-84701-010-0 }} * [[Defense Intelligence Agency]], "[https://www.governmentattic.org/docs/DIA_AnalysisKwameNkrumahOfGhana1966.pdf Supplement, Kwame Nkrumah, President of Ghana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707043023/http://www.governmentattic.org/docs/DIA_AnalysisKwameNkrumahOfGhana1966.pdf |date=7 July 2017 }}", 12-January-1966. * Gerits, Frank. "'When the Bull Elephants Fight': Kwame Nkrumah, Non-Alignment, and Pan-Africanism as an Interventionist Ideology in the Global Cold War (1957–66)." ''International History Review'' 37.5 (2015): 951–969. * Gocking, Roger S. ''The History of Ghana'' (2005). * {{cite book |last=James |first=C. L. R. |title=Nkrumah and the Ghana Revolution |location=London |publisher=[[Allison & Busby]] |year=1977 |isbn=0-85031-461-5 }} * {{cite journal |last= Mazrui |first= Ali |year= 1966 |title= Nkrumah: The Leninist Czar |journal= [[Transition Magazine|Transition]] |issue= 26 |pages= 8–17 |jstor= 2934320 |doi= 10.2307/2934320 }} * Milne, June. ''Kwame Nkrumah: a biography'' (1999). * {{Cite book |last=Mwakikagile |first=Godfrey |title=Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era |edition=Third |location=Pretoria, South Africa |publisher=New Africa Press |year=2006 |chapter=Nyerere and Nkrumah: Towards African Unity |pages=347–355 |isbn=0-9802534-1-1 }} * Mwakikagile, Godfrey (2015), ''Western Involvement in Nkrumah's Downfall''. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: New Africa Press. {{ISBN|9789987160044}} * Omari, T. Peter. ''Kwame Nkrumah: The anatomy of an African dictatorship'' (1970). * Pinkney, Robert (1972). ''Ghana Under Military Rule 1966–1969''. London: Methuen & Co Ltd. {{ISBN|0-41675080X}} * {{cite book |last=Poe |first=D. Zizwe |title=Kwame Nkrumah's Contribution to Pan-African Agency |location=New York |publisher=Routledge |year=2003 |isbn=0-203-50537-9 }} * Rooney, David. ''Kwame Nkrumah: The Political Kingdom in the Third World'' (1988). * Rui Lopes & Víctor Barros (2019) "[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07075332.2019.1703118 Amílcar Cabral and the Liberation of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde: International, Transnational, and Global Dimensions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701214035/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07075332.2019.1703118 |date=1 July 2020 }}." The International History Review. * {{cite magazine |magazine=[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]] |location=USA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=71nrBoK-ilEC&pg=PA138 |title=Kwame Nkrumah: the Fall of a Messiah |author=Sanders, Charles L. |date=September 1966 |access-date=27 June 2015 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418090705/https://books.google.com/books?id=71nrBoK-ilEC&pg=PA138 |url-status=live }} * Smertin, Yuri. ''[https://archive.org/details/nkrumahsmertin Kwame Nkrumah]''. Moscow: [[Progress Publishers]]. 1987. * Sonderegger, Arno (2016). "How the Empire Wrote Back: Notes on the Struggle of George Padmore and Kwame Nkrumah". In: ''Kwame Nkrumah 1909-1972: A Controversial African Visionary. Edited by Bea Lundt and Christoph Marx''. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag: 19-38. * {{cite book |last=Tuchscherer |first=Konrad |chapter=Kwame Francis Nwia Kofie Nkrumah |title=Encyclopedia of Modern Dictators |editor-first=Frank J |editor-last=Coppa |location=New York |publisher=Peter Lang |year=2006 |pages=217–20 |isbn=0-8204-5010-3 }} * {{cite web | title=Godfrey Mwakikagile: Eurocentric Africanist? | url=https://sites.google.com/site/intercontinentalbookcentre/godfrey-mwakikagile-a-eurocentric-pan-africanist | publisher=Intercontinental Book Centre | access-date=8 December 2021 | archive-date=20 February 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220064832/https://sites.google.com/site/intercontinentalbookcentre/godfrey-mwakikagile-a-eurocentric-pan-africanist | url-status=live }} * Žák, Tomáš František (2016). "Applying the Weapon of Theory: Comparing the Philosophy of Julius Kambarage Nyerere and Kwame Nkrumah". ''Journal of African Cultural Studies''. 28 (2): 147–160. [https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13696815.2015.1053798 doi:10.1080/13696815.2015.1053798] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418090711/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13696815.2015.1053798?cookieSet=1 |date=18 April 2023 }}. S2CID 146709996. {{refend}} ==Ziiri mine Liŋkiri== * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMY0iTcspNA Faces of Africa Kwame Nkrumah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905004516/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMY0iTcspNA |date=5 September 2019 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150205213907/http://kwamenkrumahmausoleumnkroful.ghana-net.net/ Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum and Museum at Nkroful, Western Region] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150122034817/http://ghana-net.com/accra---kwame-nkrumah-memorial-park Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park & Museum, Accra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122034817/http://www.ghana-net.com/accra---kwame-nkrumah-memorial-park |date=22 January 2015 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090212181831/http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&listing=Kwame%20Nkrumah&page=viewListing&lid=10&Itemid=36 Ghana-pedia Kwame Nkrumah] * [http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&listing=Operation%Cold%Chop&page=viewListing&lid=287&Itemid=36 Ghana-pedia ''Operation Cold Chop'': The Fall Of Kwame Nkrumah]{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} <!--dead domain* [http://www.vibeghana.com/ Dr Kwame Nkrumah]---> * [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/prof_kwamenkrumah.html Excerpt from ''Commanding Heights''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922050538/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/prof_kwamenkrumah.html |date=22 September 2017 }} by Daniel Yergin and Joseph Stanislaw * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927190754/http://www.cooperativeresearch.org/entity.jsp?entity=kwame_nkrumah Timeline of events related to the overthrow of Kwame Nkrumah] * [http://www.teachinginghana.com/index.php/2007/11/12/kwame-nkrumah-lectures-part-2/ The Kwame Nkrumah Lectures at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627181711/http://www.teachinginghana.com/index.php/2007/11/12/kwame-nkrumah-lectures-part-2/ |date=27 June 2008 }} * [http://www.nkrumah.net/ Kwame Nkrumah Information and Resource Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216040945/http://www.nkrumah.net/ |date=16 December 2008 }} * [http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/ghana/090925/ghana-honors-nkrumah-statue-moammar-gadhafi Ghana re-evaluates Nkrumah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305011403/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/ghana/090925/ghana-honors-nkrumah-statue-moammar-gadhafi |date=5 March 2016 }} by ''[[The Global Post]]'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090213044033/http://ghanaconscious.ghanathink.org/podcasts/2007/03/6th-march-1957-midnight-speech Dr Kwame Nkrumah's Midnight Speech on the day of Ghana's independence&nbsp;– 6 March 1957.] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9zYDxbJimw Newsreel on First Conference of Independent African States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709080810/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9zYDxbJimw |date=9 July 2015 }} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJ09mKNRN-8 "Father of Ghana's independence Kwame Nkrumah died 50 years ago • FRANCE 24 English"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428112349/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJ09mKNRN-8 |date=28 April 2024 }} {{s-start}} {{s-ppo}} {{s-new|office}} {{s-ttl|title=Leader of the [[Convention People's Party]]|years=1948–66}} {{s-aft|after=Position abolished}} |- {{s-off}} {{s-new|office}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Ghana|Prime Minister of the Gold Coast]]|years=1952–57}} {{s-aft|after=Himself as Prime Minister of Ghana}} |- {{s-bef|before=Himself as Prime Minister of the Gold Coast}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Ghana]]|years=1957–60}} {{s-vac|next=[[Kofi Abrefa Busia]]}} |- {{s-new|rows=2|office}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ghana)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]|years=1957–58}} {{s-aft|after=[[Kojo Botsio]]}} |- {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Defence (Ghana)|Minister for Defence]]|years=1957–60}} {{s-aft|after=[[Charles de Graft Dickson]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Krobo Edusei]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for the Interior (Ghana)|Minister for the Interior]]|years=1958}} {{s-aft|after=[[Ashford Emmanuel Inkumsah]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Elizabeth II]]|as=[[Queen of Ghana]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Ghana]]|years=1960–66}} {{s-aft|after=[[Joseph Arthur Ankrah]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Ebenezer Ako-Adjei]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ghana)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]|years=1962–63}} {{s-aft|after=[[Kojo Botsio]]}} |- {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity]]|years=1965–66}} {{s-aft|after=[[Joseph Arthur Ankrah]]}} {{s-end}} == {{Authority control}}Sommo Yizie == {{DEFAULTSORT:Nkrumah, Kwame}} [[Category:Kwame Nkrumah| ]] [[Category:1909 births]] [[Category:1972 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{{Databox|item=Q8620}} '''Dr. Francis Kwame Nkrumah''' (21 kavaare kyuu 1909-27 boŋŋo kyuu 1972) da e la [[Ghanaian]] pɔleteese, political theorist, ane revolutionary. Ona da daŋ e a [[prime minister]] danweɛ soba ane [[Ghana]] yidaandɔɔ, naŋ de weɛ neŋ [[Gold coast|Gold Coast]] ka ba nyɛ sommeŋɛ yi Britain 1957 poɔ.<ref name=":0">https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230361270_4</ref> Pan-Africanism, nɔmɛlmɛ neɛ, Nkrumah da e la mɛmba ko a organization of [[Africa|African]] unity ane neɛ naŋ di a Lenin peace prize yi a [[Soviet Union]] 1962 poɔ.<ref name=":1">https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public</ref> Yuomo pie ne ayi puoriŋ onaŋ wa be paaloŋ yobo tageraa o zannoo duoro saa, meɛrɛ o political philosophy ane nara ne o taa diasporic Pan-Africanists, Nkrumah leɛ wa la Gold Coast na piili o pɔletekal yɛlɛ naŋ e meŋɛ zɔɔ faabo. <ref name=":2">https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315018775</ref>O meɛ la Nɔdaa Paate (CPP), naŋ nyɛ baabo weoŋ yi o unprecedented appeal to the common voter. <ref>https://doi.org/10.5479%2Fsil.380651.39088006011662</ref>O leɛ la prime minister 1952 poɔ ane o leɛ are la ana vuo na Ghana naŋ wa nyɛ sommeŋɛ yi [[Britain]] 1957 poɔ. 1960 poɔ, Ghanaians da neɛ la nu iri bɛgɛ gampaalaa kyɛ ɛlɛte Nkrumah Yidaandɔɔ.<ref>https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctvk3gm60.17</ref> O naaŋ da are la socialist ane nationalist. O kaa la national industrial ane faŋa yɛlɛ, a eŋ baabo ganzanne eŋɛ oŋ e kpeɛŋaa ane a zɛge Pan-Africanist yipɔge oŋ do saa. Nkrumah wagere, Ghana toŋ la international yelerre yaga African a decolonization wagere.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-19455-4</ref> A zɔɔ maaroŋ wagere, Nkrumah da e la bone na a Wɛse naŋ maŋ boɔle ka authoritarian regime Ghana poɔ. Kwame Nkrumah ma yuori da la Elizabeth Nyanibah aŋ da yi Anon juriyɛ. Ka o ba meŋ yuori da e Kofi Nɡonloma aŋ da yi juriyɛ ŋa baŋ boɔna ka "Elephant". O da deɛ Helena Ritz Fathia Nkrumah baŋ da dɔɡe biihi bata, Francis Gokeh, Sarmiah Yarba aneŋ Sekou Ritz.<ref>"Kwame Nkrumah - Wikipedia" <nowiki>https://tw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah</nowiki></ref> == Yelkorɔ == === Pampana yelkorɔ === A Kumasi College ko Technology maŋ yuo la a 22 January 1952 neŋ 200 teekyare karembiiri naŋ yi Achimota wa, ka ba wa piili a a kolagyi. A October 1952, a sakuuri ko Engineering ane a Department ko Commerce da piilee naŋ da e a dɛndɛŋ soba. A Pharmacy Department da piilee January 1953, neŋ neɛ naŋ da e tontonna ko a Pharmacy yi a Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, ko a kolagyi. A department da zanna la yuomo ayi comprehensive course naŋ be a Pharmacy naŋ da vɛŋ ka ba maŋ terɛ Pharmacy Board Certificate. A Department ko a Agriculture meŋ da yuo la a yuoŋyeni ŋa poɔ naŋ da tere ad hoc zannoo dɔlɔ ko wagere mine, yi wagere fēē mine te wagere gyamaa mine, ko a Ministry of Agriculture. A Department ko General Studies da maalɛɛ ka o da wule biiri naŋ be Higher School Certificate Examinations kyaare Science ane Arts zanno dɔlɔ ane ka ba tere sobie zannoo dɔlɔ mine naŋ taa boɔbo mine ko departments sere mine. Yi 1952 te ta 1955, a sakuuri ko Engineering da kyɔɔrɛɛ sakubiiri kyaare neŋ professional qualifications yoŋ. A 1955, da taa la zannoo neŋ dɔlɔ mime naŋ da be a University of London Bachelor ko Engineering External Degree Examinations. A 1957, a sakuuri ko Architecture, Town Planning ane Building meŋ da piilee. A o sakubiiri dɛndɛŋ soba da piilee January 1958, kyaare professional zannoo dɔlɔ A kolagyi da yɔlɛɛ, o da eɛ a Kumasi kolagyi ko Technology naŋ da e science ane technology sakuuri. Mere naŋ beebe, a teekyɛre tureeni kolagyi, neŋ a ba paalebo ko Art Sakuuri, da la leɛre la yi January 1958, ko a Winneba tureeni kolagyi; a 1959 a Commerce Department da leɛre gaa la Achimota ka o da maale a Sakuuri kyaare Administration naŋ be a University of Ghana, Legon. A December 1960, a Gɔbena ko a Ghana da iree neɛ ko a University Commission ka o tere kpaamo kyaare neŋ a university zannoo saazu duobu yeltare, neŋ yeltare ka ba leɛre a University kolagyi gaaneŋ Ghana ane a Kumasi College of Technology gaaneŋ someŋɛ University of Ghana. Duoruu tuubu mine yi a commission naŋ da yi wieoŋ a 1961, a gɔbena da maalɛɛ a sommenne univɛnitiri naŋ be a Kumasi ane Legon, Accra. A Kumasi Kolagyi ko Technology da leɛre la gaa, yineŋ kaabo naŋ da be a R. P. Baffour, ko a full-fledged university, ane a yuori '''Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology''' yi a merɛ naŋ be a Parliament a 22 August 1961. A yuori da eɛ puoraa ko Kwame Nkrumah, naŋ e a dɛndɛŋ prime minister kyɛ ta wagere kaŋa da e a president ko a Ghana. A January 1966, Marr Grounds, naŋ e American/Australian yielŋmeɛrɛ naŋ kpeɛrɛ California, da nyɛ la iruuŋ kaŋa naŋ e karema ko a architecture a da maale yuomo ayi, kyɛ pãã da la leɛroo gaa a University of Sydney School ko Architecture, Design ane Planning a 1968. A yuori da taa leɛroo gaaneŋ University of Science ane Technology yi a zɔɔre puoriŋ a 24 February 1966. A University ko Science ane Technology da piilee a Wednesday, 20 November 1961. Neŋ a lɛ zaa, a merɛ kaŋa a Parliament (Act 559 a 1998) da leɛrɛɛ a yuori gaaneŋ a yuori meŋɛ waaloŋ, a Kwame Nkrumah University ko Science ane Technology, Kumasi. == Kampuusiri == === Kumasi kampuusi === A Kumasi kampuusi la a kampuusi kpoŋ ko a university. O na baŋ taɛ mɛlɛ ayɔpoi a zieŋ ane mɛlɛ anii (13 km) ko a east a Kumasi. O taa la a Central Administration ane deri menne mine. === Obuasi kampuusi === A Obuasi kampuusi piiluu saŋa da la a 4 November 2020 neŋ o da naŋ taa a inception a yuoni 2019 gba. O taa la 15 undergraduate programmes, naŋ e zannoo dɔlɔ ayɔpoi ko Engineering programmes, zannoo dɔlɔ anaare ko Business Administration programmes, zannoo dɔlɔ ata ko Allied Health Sciences programmes ane zannoo dɔlɔ yeni ko Science programme. == Organization ane administration == === Principal ɔfisiri === A principal officers ko a university la a chancellor, chairman ko a University Council ane vice-chancellor. A 2018, a wederoŋ vuo kyaare a chancellor da taa soɔbo ko a Asantehene Otumfuo Osei Tutu II. == Nyovori piiloo ane kanno-yelitaree == === Gold Coast === Kwame Nkrumah dogebu da e la Tuesday daare , 21 September 1909 <ref>https://www.mkgandhi.org/articles/nonviolence-of-Mahatma-Gandhi-in-Ghana.html</ref><ref>https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsehistory/2018/10/10/kwame-nkrumah-lse/</ref>a [[Nkroful, Gold Coast]] (now Ghana)<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1964/01/03/archives/man-in-the-news-an-african-enigma-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>. [[Nkroful]] da e la kuri bile a [[Nzema]] area, nang be a southwest ko a Gold Coast, nang pieli a frontier ning a French colony a ko a [[Ivory Coast.]] O ba da ba kpeira ning o yideme , kye da tona a [[Half Assini]] ziena ung zanne o goldsmith daabu yelitarihi awaana o kuung<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230205164542/https://www.uew.edu.gh/lib-fetured/ghana-autobiography-kwame-nkrumah</ref>. Kwame Nkrumah o ma ane yideme da guoloo, noba nang lang kpeira ane lasiri kye taa dogeriba nang be toori nang mang wa nyeba wagere ne wagere.O da kpeiree peenhibu o biibiilong wagere , a kuraa poung , a moo puong, nang da pieli a mani <ref>https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumah00davi</ref>. Wagere na o nang da be a sakuuri bie a [[United States]], ba da buonoo ka Francis Nwia Kofi Nkrumah, Kofi da e la [[Akan]] yuori ba nang mang ku dɔɔ ba doge Fridays<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press</ref>. Pouring ung leuhi a youri gaa Kwame Nkrumah in 1945 in the UK,yoe buoraa "Kwame"<ref>https://www.primenewsghana.com/politics/kwame-nkrumah-memorial-day-dr-kwame-nkrumah-a-son-of-the-soil.html</ref><ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>. A duoho a yi Ebenezer Obiri Addo o karembo gaa nimbituori paalikaara, a yuori "Nkrumah", a lasiri yuori ba nang mang ko a ninth child, wolee ka Kwame ‘mine kangang nyee zie a o Ba deu , nie nang taa poeba gyemaa<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201018205429/http://www.tvafrique.com/kwame-nkrumah/</ref>. O Ba, Opanyin Kofi Nwiana Ngolomah, yie Nkroful nang be a Nzema East pampana ba buola Ellembele, ung da e a Asona clan of the Akan Tribe. ziiri wolee ka Ngolomah kpee a [[Tarkwa-Nsuaem]] ane ung tung a goldsmith business<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170820160658/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/200909/27258.php</ref>. Ngolomah da taa gyirima ko a yeng ane kawani ko noba nang boura kawani yi o lasiri yela ane deu yele-taaree.O da kpiye ayuoni 1927<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170817034351/http://www.nkrumahinfobank.org/article.php?id=100&c=11</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>. Kwame da e la o Ma biyeni <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-0785-8</ref>. O gaanoo a elementary school nang da kaara yi a Catholic mission a Half Assini, ziena ung a sagi ka o e ye sakuri bizigilii<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref> . Anaazaa ka o Ma , nie ba nang da buola Elizabeth Nyanibah (1876/77–1979)<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170821212904/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/Archive/2000/499/profile.htm</ref>, puoring da leu yelee ka dogibo bebiri 1912, Nkrumah segee ka o dogibo bebiri e la 21 September 1909. O Ma yire e la Nsuaem kye ung yi a Agona family. o da e la zingkuora ane yaagu e-ra wagere ung da kuli sera<ref>https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.u158013</ref>. o dogibo beri anii puoring , o Ba da buoloo ka Francis Nwia-Kofi o nang da e dogera <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>kanga yuori,puori ka o ba ne o ma koo ka Francis Kwame Ngolomah<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170820160658/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/200909/27258.php</ref> O ‘nimbi-toori gaabu ning a yuon- pie fora-yeli-irihi yuomo anii puong . A yuoni 1925, o da e la bibiiri karemkanna a sakuri ane ung da e [[baptized]] nang be [[Catholic faith]]<ref>https://doi.org/10.1086%2F454260</ref>.kye da be a sakuuu ,noba buoloo ka [[Reverend Alec Garden Fraser]], ning kpong ko a Government Training College (soon to become [[Achimota School]]) nang be a Gold Coast's capital, Accra. Fraser maali ‘bing ko Nkrumah ka o zanne ŋa a karema nang be sakuu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFOwusu-Ansah</ref> . ziena[[, Columbia]]-educated deputy headmaster [[Kwegyir Aggrey]] da e-roo kyaare a teiha yi Marcus Garvey ane W. E. B. Du Bois. Aggrey, Fraser, ane ning jaani a Achimota puong anaazaa ka langtaa na bilabe ko a baloo kpachage nang kaara a Gold Coast, kye Nkrumah, echoing Garvey, leu wa teiha ka ningsagne baloo minga kaabo da naang tuong taa haakili‘yeni ba buuri kpachaga<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFAddo</ref>. Ung da nye o karima mine sieree gbangu yi a [[Prince of Wales' College]] a Achimota a yuoni 1930<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>, Nkrumah da nyee karembu toma nang be Roman Catholic primary school in [[Elmina]] a yuoni 1931<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>. A pari a pari yuoni boyeni, o da e la a karima mine ning kpong ko a [[Axim]]. A Axim, o da piilee kpieree paalikaa yelitarihikye leu te be a Nzema Literary Society. A yuoni 1933, ba e-roo ung e karema ko a Catholic seminary at Amissano<ref>https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28819/1/10672987.pdf</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref>. Anaazaa ka be kpiebo da e la tuo ,kye o un da nung bila, ane o na da buora ka o leu Jesuit. Nkrumah o da wonye a ‘duohi-seura ane nimbituri [[Nigerian]] paalikaara [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] yela kye sukuri biiri a Achimota; a daba bai da nyee taa kye <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref> Azikiwe's haakila teibo da paahi Nkrumah nungbo a black nationalism<ref>https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195301731.013.40103</ref>.A karema bile da buora ka o karim gaa nimbituori. Azikiwe da gaa la [[Lincoln University,]] a [[historically black college]] nang be [[Chester County, Pennsylvania]], west ko [[Philadelphia]], kye e Nkrumah kawani ka o kpe be<ref>https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230603486</ref>. Nkrumah,da fieliye u daanuori; teesi ko a [[London University]],o da nyee sungbo ko o yuobo ane o sakuuri yelitaree yi o dogereba seng .o da chenye gaa [[Britain]], ziena ung zanne, ko o nimbikuoniiyi Italy's ngmaabu ko [[Ethiopia]], a paaloo bonyeni kanga yi a independent African nations. o da gaa a [[United States]], a October 1935<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/222725</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref> === United States === A yi ayeli’kori seuseura [[John Henrik Clarke]] o atiklehi ku a Nkrumah's American sojourn, " a haakila leubo yi a yuom-pie ung nang da be a [[United States]] da taa naaribo jeri nyiibu ko o nyovore chelee nang kpaling." Nkrumah da moo nye kpiebu ko [[Lincoln University]] wagere kanga seni ung piilee karembo a beng<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFClarke</ref>. Nkrumah da baaree a Bachelor of Arts degree a economics ane sociology a yuoni 1939. Lincoln leu e-roo ung e‘wuliwulo sungna a bambu bii daanhibu buobu.O da piilii diaree buolibo ka o e a saamba nie ang muola Ngmini yela a Presbyterian churches in Philadelphia ane New York<ref>https://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11427/9290/thesis_hum_2014_opokumensah_e.pdf?sequence=1</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200602070935/https://www.mtkenyatimes.co.ke/auto-draft-3/</ref>. A yuoni 1939, Nkrumah da kpe a Lincoln's seminary ane a [[Ivy League institution]], a University of Pennsylvania nang be Philadelphia ane a yuoni 1942,o da piilii tuni a Mu chapter of [[Phi Beta Sigma fraternity at Lincoln University]]<ref>https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2067&context=etd</ref>. Nkrumah nyee a Bachelor of Theology degree yi a Lincoln a 1942, a karembi-zudaana a koose . O sanyeu diabo yi a Penn a tuuro a yuoni a Master ko Arts degree nang be philosophy ane a Master of Science in education<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref>. Wagere a Penn, Nkrumah tomee ning a kokojera ‘wono [[William Everett Welmers]], a kuro a yelibo bungma nang maali a munpiilee ku a fora descriptive grammar ko a teng-be [[Fante dialect]] of the [[Akan language]]. Nkrumah ming da piilee tuma ning a [[Prince Hall Freemasonry]] kye da kpiera a United States<ref>https://aha.confex.com/aha/2009/webprogram/Paper2449.html</ref><ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Special-Tribute-to-Dr-Kwame-Nkrumah-286481</ref>. Nkrumah da kannee bukuri agaa paalikaa yelitarihi ane Ngminihung yela zannuu , ane biirii karembo a bambu bii daanhibu buobu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#cite_note-63</ref>. A yuoni 1943 Nkrumah da nyee [[Trinidadian]] Marxist [[C. L. R. James,]] Russaian long paalijaala [[Raya Dunayevskaya]], ane Chinese-American Grace Lee Boggs,ba zaa da e la membare ko a American-based Marxist intellectual [[Cohort.|cohort]]<ref>https://www.africanglobe.net/featured/dr-kwame-nkrumah/</ref>[[Cohort.|.]] Nkrumah puoring da tiehi yeli ‘ku ye James ning o karembo "bila tenge muni toma chene mang be<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref> ". [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] gbama ing’zie ko Nkrumah, kpeling yi a January to May 1945,da wuloo nie ang tuong sagi ‘komunizim<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref>. Nkrumah da e la siiri ka o gaa London, a buora ka o nang kanne gaa ‘nimbi-toori a [[Second World War]] da baaree<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAddo70-67</ref> . James, a yuoni1945 puori wulee Nkrumah to [[Trinidad-born]] George Padmore a London,seuye: " A dau baapaala waana o zie .O da ba e nimbiyuoro,kye anaa-zaa da erakura o le ne ung na tuong bonso o da eraa siri ka o za Europeans yi a Africa<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref>." === London === Nkrumah da leu gaaye London a May 1945 puong kye kpe a [[London School of Economics]] aŋa a PhD ning‘lugiroo a [[Anthropology]]. O da leu eree a sukuu ‘biihi ‘yuobu ti ta ba bahibu puoring a yuoni pring ung da kpe [[University College London]], ning a nimbi-zie ing ka o seu a bambu bii daanhibu buobu siing lemeleme a "Knowledge and Logical Positivism"<ref>https://doi.org/10.1086%2F649838</ref>. o ningkpong , [[A. J. Ayer]], zaanhibu ka o maahi nye Nkrumah aŋa a "first-class philosopher",a yela , "ing nungla o yela ane a mang ‘wong noo ning o yeliyaga kye o da ba ‘woning wa ung taa haakila . O da buora ‘ihi jugihibu nuori wieng ‘wieng. ing teiha ka tilahi chelee da e la ka o da ba cheliha kpiengaa ko a yelinyogiruu . bila da e la sori nang wono a wagere a gara ka a sori ‘yuobu wa ka o leu gaa Gaana<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref> ." A baaraa , Nkrumah da kpee , kye da ba baare , a karimbo ko begu a [[Gray's Inn]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref>. == 1966 coup d'état == See also: [[National Liberation Council § 1966 coup]] A February 1966, kye ka Nkrumah da bila sori gara ka o ta nye a [[North Vietnam]] ane China, o paalikaa da ihi nie naalung ‘kogong a miihuu ''coup d'état'' ang dia zu yi a paaloo [[military]] ane [[police]] forces, ning sungbu yi a civil service<ref>https://ghanaremembers.com/stories/people/kwame-nkrumah-a-biography-of-ghanas-first-president.html</ref>. A noba nang da buora ka ba toung beu conspirators, ‘yie diera da e-ye [[Joseph Arthur Ankrah,]] da kuye ba mine yuori ka a [[National Liberation Council]] ane o kaabo awa soje yela paalikaabo yuomo ata agaa . Nkrumah da zanne ko a coup sene ung da te-ta a China. A coup puoring,Nkrumah da kpee a Beijing beri anaare, ane Premier [[Zhou Enlai]] da kaakoo ning gyirima <ref>https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00064246.1972.11431232</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/news/876767/the-confused-moments-of-nkrumah-in-china-after-the-coup.html</ref>. == Foomaraa leubu ane kuung == Main article: [[Death and state funeral of Kwame Nkrumah]] Nkrumah kpeing a 27 April 1972, a [[Bucharest]], a teng kpong ku a [[Romania]],ko yela babanginuu kye ang ba sogili baalung. a coup wagere , o daang kpiera a Guinean teng-kpong ko Conakry, ang jeng ‘tengeng wagiri nga. == Daanhibu ane Cheng bung == O wagere, Nkrumah da nyee Kyɔɔtaɛ ko awarded honorary doctorates yi universities jemaa a paahi [[Lincoln University (Pennsylvania), Moscow State University]] (USSR), [[Cairo University]] ([[Egypt]]), [[Jagiellonian University]] [[(Poland]]), ane [[Humboldt University (East Germany)]]<ref>http://www.kwamenkrumahcentenary.org/esi_speech.html</ref>. A yi a ‘nimbiyuo ‘sieree gbanseu ‘binnuu barebo yi a [[U.S. Department of State's Office of the Historian]], "Nkrumah da e-ree yele gyemaa ka o ligiri bung ‘muning ko a [U.S. government] buobo gang a black African jaa<ref>https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v26/d201</ref> ." A September 2009, President [[John Atta Mills]] da wulee a 21 September (the 100th anniversary of Kwame Nkrumah's birth) ung e a [[Founders' Day]], a kparaama pennuu ‘bebiri a Gaana ka ba teihe a nabaali yela ko Kwame Nkrumah<ref>http://www.modernghana.com/news/236431/1/nkrumahs-birthday-declared-a-holiday.html</ref>. A April 2019, President Akufo-Addo da sagi ku a Public Holidays (Amendment) Act 2019 nang leure a 21 September yi Founders' Day gaa[[Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Day]]<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/President-Akufo-Addo-assents-to-Public-Holidays-Amendment-Act-2019-744767</ref>. == Meŋa nyɔvore-yele == Kwame Nkrumah kulee [[Fathia Ritzk]], an [[Egyptian Coptic]] bank tongtuna ane sakuuri karema koree , a ‘zi-maanii o na da waana a Gaana pou: New Year's Eve, 1957–1958<ref>http://www.nathanielturner.com/fathiankrumahfarewell.htm</ref>. Fathia's ma da zaahiye ka o buoli ngmini ko o ba kuli-taa yele ne puong, o bie kanga nang da yi ne a dau saana<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200610125740/https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/here-are-all-the-first-ladies-of-ghana-since-independence/0l2k3hw</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/1095/fathia-the-rock-of-the-nkrumah-family.html</ref>. Aŋa kuli-taa deme, Fathia ane Nkrumah da taa biiri bata : Gamal (born 1958), Samia (born 1960) ane Sekou (born 1964). [[Gamal]] da e la ‘duohi-saamba gbangu seura , ky ka [[Samia]] ane Sekou ming da e la paalikaa tuntuniba . Nkrumah da taa bidau zaala, Francis, a paediatrician (born 1935)<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20181019075818/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2014/September-22nd/africa-must-re-examine-implement-nkrumahs-ideas-francis-nkrumah.php</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190406213932/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Kwame-Nkrumah-s-unknown-son-surfaces-235004</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190904212017/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/social/201507/249589.php</ref><ref>https://www.knust.edu.gh/about/knust/history</ref>. == O Yeli yaɡa Ŋmaara Mine == "N nuŋ yɛŋ ka N so n meŋa kyɛ be dɔɡee poɔŋ ɡaa ka N ta so n meŋa" "Ghana meŋa soubu ba tare tɔna jaa ka Africa paaluu jaa ba so o meŋa" "Africa taree sɔre ka te laŋtaa" "Nimitɔɔre ɡaabu yoŋ, boɔre ɡaabu kyibe" "Eŋ ba e neɛ aŋ yɛli ka N yie Africa baŋ dɔɡe ma Africa kye juŋ, eŋ eɛ neɛ aŋ yi Africa bojuŋ ba dɔɡee Africa eŋ eŋan" "Te ihee panpana. Te daŋ kula ɡbihi jaa. Aŋ yi jine ɡara, Africa paalaa waɛ dunee" "Ka neɛ era yɛla kyɛ ba tieha eɛ yelkpala. Ka neɛ tieha kyɛ ba ihi era eɛ wa jɔŋloŋ"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> "Neɛ jaa aŋ yi Africa, ka e bie "North" bee "South America", "Carrabean" dɛme bee dunee lombori jiejaa baŋ be eɛ nuba aŋ yi Africa"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> "Meŋa soɔbu ba e boŋ eŋ na de ko neɛ a wa kyeotaa. Yɛ boŋ la neɛ meŋ jaa koŋ baŋ bimuu koɛ"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> ==== vuune toma mine ==== Nkrumah's da terɛɛ sommo ko a industrial development, sommo ko a Minister of Finance, Komla Agbeli Gbedema, ko a Volta River Project: a Meɛbo ko a hydroelectric power plant, a Akosombo Dam kyaare a Volta River a eastern Ghana. A Volta River Project da la a duoruu terɛ ko Nkrumah's economic programme. A 20 February 1958, o da yeli ko la National Assembly: "n taa la sagedeebo kpeɛŋaa ko a Volta River Project naŋ maŋ terɛ a sobie naŋ maŋ vɛŋ ka te kpɛ a economic independence." Ghana da nyɛ sommo yi United States, Israel ane a World Bank ka ba mɛ dampo. Kaiser Aluminum da sagɛɛ ka ba da mɛ a dampo ko Nkrumah, kyɛ da are neŋ feeroŋ neŋ boma na ba naŋ na de maale neŋ a fintindigili. Nkrumah da pɛŋɛɛ libie ka ba da mɛ neŋ a dampo, naŋ da vɛŋ sanne da be a Ghana. Ka ba da soŋ yɔɔ a sane, o da duorɛɛŋ zuyɔɔ naŋ be cocoa koɔreba a south. Ŋaa da vɛŋɛɛ nimikpɛ yɛlɛ da bebe. A dampo Meɛbo da baarɛɛ kyɛ naŋ piili a Nkrumah amidst global publicity a 22 January 1966. Nkrumah da wanne la Ghana Nuclear Reactor Project a 1961, naŋ taa piiluu a Ghana Atomic Energy Commission a 1963, ane a 1964 naŋ da vɛŋ a kuuri dɛndɛŋ ka o da e a atomic energy facility. ==== Cocoa ==== A 1954 a tendaa zaa cocoa daaroŋ da zɛge do ko a cocoa koɔba ka ba are ko windfall, Nkrumah da senne neŋ la a duobu ko central government levies, naŋ da vɛŋ ka o da areko a national development projects. A yɛlɛ ama mine da soŋ o la ka o da la do wederoŋ. Boma daaroŋ da naŋ duoro saa. A 1960 a cocoa baagyi daaroŋ da arɛɛ £250 a London. A August 1965 a daaroŋ da arɛɛ £91. A daaroŋ duobu da sigee yi a Gɔbena naŋ da areko a boŋguri ane koɔba ka ba da nyɛ a arekoobo. === Saakonnoŋ === Nkrumah da eɛ ardent promoterko a pan-Africanism, naŋ nyɛ gaabo e ''"quest for regional integration of the whole of the African continent"''. A saŋa ko Nkrumah's nimizeeloŋ ko politisi taa la mannoo naŋ e "golden age of high pan-African ambitions"; a continent da nyɛɛ nationalist movements ane decolonization ko a European colonial powers, ane historians da nyɛ la duoruu ka "a mannoo ane solidarity da nyɛɛ momentum naŋ be a pan-Africanist movement". Naŋ leɛ teɛre African heritage, Nkrumah gbɛɛ gyamaa na maŋ eschewed Western fashion, donning a fugu (a Northern attire) naŋ taa Southern-produced Kente cloth, a banaa taa la bambo. O da paalɛɛ a piiluu a Ghana Museum a 5 March 1957; a Arts Council of Ghana, a wing ko a Ministry of Education ane Culture, a 1958; a Research Library a African Affairs a June 1961; ane a Ghana Film Corporation a 1964. A 1962, Nkrumah naŋ taa yuobu a Institute of African Studies. A campaign yineŋ nudity naŋ be a northern naŋ paale a teŋɛ naŋ nyɛ special attention yi Nkrumah, naŋ da nyɛ Propaganda Secretary Hannah Cudjoe ka ba tere yeluu. Cudjoe meŋ da maalɛɛ a Ghana Women's League, naŋ da zɛge a Party's agenda kyaare nutrition, biiri guoluu, ane bonsuuri suubu. A League meŋ da la yi la zɔɔre naŋ da taa sommo ko French nuclear weapons a Sahara. Cudjoe wasda iree consolidation kyaare national women's groups, a da vɛŋ sentaaloŋ be a Party poɔŋ. Merɛ da bebe a 1959 ane 1960 naŋ da kyaare wederoŋ mine a parliament naŋ da taa wederoŋ neŋ pɔge. Pɔgeba mine da taa la zɛgebo gaa CPP Central Committee. Pɔgeba gyamaa da gaa la Yunivɛniti, a da furi tonsonne mine teseŋ medicine ane law, kyɛ da la gaa neŋ professional trips a Israel, a Soviet Union, ane a Eastern Bloc. Pɔgeba meŋ da kpɛɛ sogyaaloŋ ane air force. Pɔgeba gyamaa da be la koɔbo ane yɛroŋ; bamine da nyɛɛ sommo yi Co-operative Movement. Nkrumah's enfuomo da yɛre pɔgɛɛ a zie zaa, teseŋ, a postage stamps ane a libie, naŋ taa yitaaloŋ neŋ monarchs – naŋ terɛ fodder gɛgɛroŋ naŋ bebe ko Nkrumahist ka o paalɛɛ kɔlt. ==Kyɔɔtaɛ== ===Tenne mine Kyɔɔtaɛ=== {{Clear}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |- ! style="width:90px;" | Ribbon ! style="width:350px;" | Distinction ! style="width:120px;" | Country ! style="width:120px;" | Date ! Reference |- | [[File:EGY Order of the Nile - Grand Cordon BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Nile]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Egypt|1922}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1957 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite book |editor1-last=Danquah |editor1-first=Moses |title=Ghana: One Year Old. A First Independence Anniversary Review |date=1958 |publisher=Publicity Promotions |location=Accra |page=32 |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/2008700208/ |access-date=5 May 2025}} |- | [[File:LBN National Order of the Cedar - Grand Cordon BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cordon of the [[National Order of the Cedar]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Lebanon}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1957 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- | [[File:Order of the Yugoslavian Great Star Rib.png|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | [[Order of the Yugoslav Star|Order of the Yugoslav Great Star]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Yugoslavia|1946}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2 March 1961 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite news |title=Председник Тито предао председнику Нкрумаху Ореден велике југословенске звезде |url=http://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp%7Cissue:UB_00064_19610303%7Cpage:4%7Cquery:%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%20%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%20%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5 |access-date=6 May 2025 |work=[[Borba (newspaper)|Borba]] |date=3 March 1961 |language=sr}} |- | [[File:CZE Rad Bileho Lva 3 tridy BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Collar of the [[Order of the White Lion]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Czechoslovakia}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2 August 1961 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=Československý řád Bílého lva 1923–1990 |url=https://www.prazskyhradarchiv.cz/file/edee/vyznamenani/cs_rbl.pdf |publisher=Archivu Kanceláře prezidenta republiky |access-date=5 May 2025 |page=130 |language=cs}} |- | [[File:Order of the Elephant Ribbon bar.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | [[Lenin Peace Prize]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Soviet Union|1955}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 30 April 1962 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite news |title=Picasso Gets Lenin Prize |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1873&dat=19620501&id=dsAeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bsoEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6210,37008 |access-date=6 May 2025 |work=Daytona Beach Morning Journal |date=1 May 1962}} |- | [[File:Cordone di gran Croce di Gran Cordone OMRI BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Italy}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 25 September 1963 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=Elenco dei Cavalieri di Gran Croce, decorati di Gran Cordone dell'Ordine, defunti |url=https://archivio.quirinale.it/materiali-pubblicazioni/onorificenze/ASPR_Onorificenze_Cavalieri_di_Gran_Croce_Gran_Cordone.pdf |publisher=Portale storico della Presidenza della Repubblica |access-date=5 May 2025 |language=it}} |- | [[File:POL Polonia Restituta Wielki BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cross of the [[Order of Polonia Restituta]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Poland}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1965 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite book |last1=Stela |first1=Wojciech |title=Polskie ordery i odznaczenia (Vol. I) |date=2008 |location=Warsaw |page=49}} |- | [[File:Order of the Companions of O.R. Tambo (ribbon bar).gif|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Supreme Companion of the [[Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|South Africa}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 16 June 2004(posthumously) | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=2004 National Orders awards |url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/people/nationalorders2004.htm |website=SouthAfrica.info |access-date=5 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204092331/http://www.southafrica.info/about/people/nationalorders2004.htm#.VrMYl-zP32c |archive-date=4 February 2016}} |} ==Kwame Nkrumah Toma O Naŋ Toŋ== [[File:1989 CPA 6101.jpg|thumb|right|A postage stamp from the [[Soviet Union]] marking the 80th anniversary of his birth]] [[File:Independence Arch - Accra, Ghana1.jpg|thumb|Independence Arch in Accra]] * "Negro History: European Government in Africa", ''The Lincolnian'', 12 April 1938, p.&nbsp;2 (Lincoln University, Pennsylvania) – see [https://web.archive.org/web/20090817175003/http://www.lincoln.edu/library/project.html Special Collections and Archives, Lincoln University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817175003/http://www.lincoln.edu/library/project.html |date=17 August 2009 }}{{Cite journal|last=Bontemps|first=Arna|date=20 April 2017|title=Lincoln and the Negro|journal=University of Illinois Press|volume=1|doi=10.5406/illinois/9780252037696.003.0005}} * "Primitive Education in West Africa," ''Educational Outlook,'' January 1941 (University of Pennsylvania). [https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-primitive-education/ See] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303212548/https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-primitive-education/ |date=3 March 2024 }} * "Education and Nationalism in Africa," ''Educational Outlook,'' November 1943 (University of Pennsylvania). [https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-education-nationalism/ See] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303212548/https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-education-nationalism/ |date=3 March 2024 }} * ''Ghana: The Autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah'' (1957). {{ISBN|0-901787-60-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Ghana: the autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah|date=2002|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-60-4|edition=Africa's 100 best books|location=London|oclc=51932153}} * ''Africa Must Unite'' (1963). {{ISBN|0-901787-13-2}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Africa must unite|date=1963|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-13-2|location=London|oclc=6567302}} * ''African Personality'' (1963){{Cite book|last=Mead, Margaret |title=Technique & personality|date=1963|publisher=Museum of Primitive Art|oclc=603547274}} {{blockquote|The essence of neo-colonialism is that the State which is subject to it is, in theory, independent and has all the outward trappings of international sovereignty. In reality its economic system and thus its political policy is directed from outside.|Introduction}} * ''Neo-Colonialism, the Last Stage of Imperialism'' (1965){{Cite journal|last1=Tiger|first1=Lionel|last2=Nkrumah|first2=Kwame|date=1966|title=Neo-Colonialism. The Last Stage of Imperialism|journal=International Journal|volume=22|issue=1|pages=161|doi=10.2307/40199801|jstor=40199801|s2cid=143584107 |issn=0020-7020}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Neo-colonialism: the last stage of imperialism.|date=1990|publisher=Panaf|oclc=59982527}} * ''Axioms of Kwame Nkrumah'' (1967). {{ISBN|0-901787-54-X}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Kwame Nkrumah: the Conakry years, his life and letters|date=1990|publisher=PANAF|others=Milne, June 1920–|isbn=0-901787-53-1|location=London|oclc=22733303}} * ''African Socialism Revisited'' (1967){{Cite journal|date=October 1967|title=African Socialism|journal=International Affairs|volume=43|issue=4|pages=779|doi=10.1093/ia/43.4.779|issn=1468-2346}} * ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nGB1AAAAMAAJ Challenge of the Congo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405030326/https://books.google.com/books?id=nGB1AAAAMAAJ |date=5 April 2023 }}'' (1967) *''Voice From Conakry'' (1967). {{ISBN|90-17-87027-3}} * ''Dark Days in Ghana'' (1968). {{ISBN|0-7178-0046-6}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Dark days in Ghana|date=1972|publisher=Internat. Publ|isbn=0-7178-0046-6|edition=Repr|location=New York|oclc=796074108}} * ''Handbook of Revolutionary Warfare'' (1968). {{ISBN|0-7178-0226-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Handbook of revolutionary warfare: a guide to the armed phase of the African revolution|date=1975|publisher=International Publishers|isbn=0-7178-0226-4|edition=1st U.S.|location=New York|oclc=8095708}} * ''The Way Out, "Civilian Rule" Fraud and A Call for Positive Action and Armed Struggle'' (1970){{Cite book |last=Nkrumah |first=Kwame |title=The Way Out, "Civilian Rule" Fraud and A Call for Positive Action and Armed Struggle |publisher=Panaf Books |year=1970 |edition=Reprinted |location=University of London, Senate House Library} * ''Consciencism: Philosophy and Ideology for De-Colonisation'' (1970). {{ISBN|0-901787-11-6}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Consciencism: philosophy and ideology for decolonisation|date=1978|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-11-6|location=London|oclc=16613918}} * ''Class Struggle in Africa'' (1970). {{ISBN|0-901787-12-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Class struggle in Africa.|date=1970|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-12-4|location=London|oclc=153293}} * ''The Struggle Continues'' (1973). {{ISBN|0-901787-41-8}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=The struggle continues: six ... pamphlets|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-41-8|location=London|oclc=3073780} * ''I Speak of Freedom'' (1973). {{ISBN|0-901787-14-0}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=I speak of freedom|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-14-0|location=London |oclc=16236424}} * ''Revolutionary Path'' (1973). {{ISBN|978-0-901787-22-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Revolutionary path.|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-22-1|location=London|oclc=764869}} == Tigri == Yelyaga boɔbo leɛ kaa Kwame Nkrumah tigiri == Meŋ Kaa Kyɛ == Nkrumah gɔbena == Kyɛle kyɛ == {{notelist}} == Meŋɛ Nyɔvooroŋ == * {{Cite book |last=Addo |first=Ebenezer Obiri |title=Kwame Nkrumah: A Case Study of Religion and Politics in Ghana |publisher=University Press of America|year=1997 |isbn=978-0-7618-0785-8|ref={{sfnRef|Addo}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Birmingham |first=David |title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Father of African Nationalism |publisher=Ohio University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8214-1242-8|ref={{sfnRef|Birmingham}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Bourret |first=F. M. |title=Ghana—The Road to Independence |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1960|edition=Revised|orig-date=1949 |oclc= 414362 |ref={{sfnRef|Bourret}} }} * {{cite journal |title=Kwame Nkrumah: His years in America|last=Clarke|first=John Henrik|volume=6|issue=2|date=October 1974|journal=[[The Black Scholar]]|pages=9–16|doi=10.1080/00064246.1974.11431459 |jstor=41065759|s2cid=141785632 |ref={{sfnRef|Clarke}} }} * {{cite book |last=Fuller|first=Harcourt|year=2014|title=Building the Ghanaian Nation-State|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-44856-9 |ref={{sfnRef|Fuller}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Mazrui |first=Ali |author-link=Ali Mazrui|title=Nkrumah's Legacy and Africa's Triple Heritage Between Globalization and Counter Terrorism |publisher=Ghana Universities Press|year=2004 |isbn=978-9964-3-0296-2|ref={{sfnRef|Mazrui}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Owusu-Ansah |first=David |title=Biographical Dictionary of Ghana |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-8108-7242-4|edition=4th|ref={{sfnRef|Owusu-Ansah}} }} * {{Cite book|last=Rooney|first=David|year=1988|title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Political Kingdom in the Third World|publisher=St. Martin's Press|ref={{sfnRef|Rooney}}|isbn=978-0-312-02479-6|url=https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumah00davi}} * {{Cite book|last=Sherwood|first=Marika|author-link=Marika Sherwood|year=1996|title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Years Abroad 1935–1947|publisher=Freedom Publications|isbn=978-9988-7716-0-7|ref={{sfnRef|Sherwood}}|url=https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumahyear00sher_0}} * {{Cite book |last=Thompson |first=W. Scott |title=Ghana's Foreign Policy 1957–1966 |url=https://archive.org/details/ghanasforeignpol1969wsco |url-access=registration |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1969 |oclc=2616|ref={{sfnRef|Thompson}} }} == Nimitɔɔre mine kannoo == {{refbegin|40em}} * Arhin, Kwame (1993). ''The Life and Work of Kwame Nkrumah''. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, Inc. {{ISBN|9780865433953}} (08543395X) * Baynham, Simon (1988). ''The Military and Politics in Nkrumah's Ghana''. Westview Special Studies on Africa. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, Inc. (Frederick A. Praeger), {{ISBN|0-8133-70639}} * Biney, Ama. "The Legacy of Kwame Nkrumah in Retrospect." ''Journal of Pan African Studies'' 2.3 (2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210205064300/http://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/amcdouga/Hist247/winter_2014/resources/LegacyOfKwameNkrumah.pdf online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205064300/http://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/amcdouga/Hist247/winter_2014/resources/LegacyOfKwameNkrumah.pdf |date=5 February 2021 }}, historiography * Biney, Ama. ''The political and social thought of Kwame Nkrumah'' (2011). * Biney, Ama. "The Development of Kwame Nkrumah's Political Thought in Exile, 1966–1972." ''Journal of African History'' 50.1 (2009): 81–100. * Bretton, Henry L. ''The rise and fall of Kwame Nkrumah: a study of personal rule in Africa'' (1967). * {{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Basil |title=Black Star: A View of the Life and Times of Kwame Nkrumah |publisher=James Currey |location=Oxford, UK |orig-date=1973 |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-84701-010-0 }} * [[Defense Intelligence Agency]], "[https://www.governmentattic.org/docs/DIA_AnalysisKwameNkrumahOfGhana1966.pdf Supplement, Kwame Nkrumah, President of Ghana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707043023/http://www.governmentattic.org/docs/DIA_AnalysisKwameNkrumahOfGhana1966.pdf |date=7 July 2017 }}", 12-January-1966. * Gerits, Frank. "'When the Bull Elephants Fight': Kwame Nkrumah, Non-Alignment, and Pan-Africanism as an Interventionist Ideology in the Global Cold War (1957–66)." ''International History Review'' 37.5 (2015): 951–969. * Gocking, Roger S. ''The History of Ghana'' (2005). * {{cite book |last=James |first=C. L. R. |title=Nkrumah and the Ghana Revolution |location=London |publisher=[[Allison & Busby]] |year=1977 |isbn=0-85031-461-5 }} * {{cite journal |last= Mazrui |first= Ali |year= 1966 |title= Nkrumah: The Leninist Czar |journal= [[Transition Magazine|Transition]] |issue= 26 |pages= 8–17 |jstor= 2934320 |doi= 10.2307/2934320 }} * Milne, June. ''Kwame Nkrumah: a biography'' (1999). * {{Cite book |last=Mwakikagile |first=Godfrey |title=Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era |edition=Third |location=Pretoria, South Africa |publisher=New Africa Press |year=2006 |chapter=Nyerere and Nkrumah: Towards African Unity |pages=347–355 |isbn=0-9802534-1-1 }} * Mwakikagile, Godfrey (2015), ''Western Involvement in Nkrumah's Downfall''. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: New Africa Press. {{ISBN|9789987160044}} * Omari, T. Peter. ''Kwame Nkrumah: The anatomy of an African dictatorship'' (1970). * Pinkney, Robert (1972). ''Ghana Under Military Rule 1966–1969''. London: Methuen & Co Ltd. {{ISBN|0-41675080X}} * {{cite book |last=Poe |first=D. Zizwe |title=Kwame Nkrumah's Contribution to Pan-African Agency |location=New York |publisher=Routledge |year=2003 |isbn=0-203-50537-9 }} * Rooney, David. ''Kwame Nkrumah: The Political Kingdom in the Third World'' (1988). * Rui Lopes & Víctor Barros (2019) "[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07075332.2019.1703118 Amílcar Cabral and the Liberation of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde: International, Transnational, and Global Dimensions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701214035/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07075332.2019.1703118 |date=1 July 2020 }}." The International History Review. * {{cite magazine |magazine=[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]] |location=USA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=71nrBoK-ilEC&pg=PA138 |title=Kwame Nkrumah: the Fall of a Messiah |author=Sanders, Charles L. |date=September 1966 |access-date=27 June 2015 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418090705/https://books.google.com/books?id=71nrBoK-ilEC&pg=PA138 |url-status=live }} * Smertin, Yuri. ''[https://archive.org/details/nkrumahsmertin Kwame Nkrumah]''. Moscow: [[Progress Publishers]]. 1987. * Sonderegger, Arno (2016). "How the Empire Wrote Back: Notes on the Struggle of George Padmore and Kwame Nkrumah". In: ''Kwame Nkrumah 1909-1972: A Controversial African Visionary. Edited by Bea Lundt and Christoph Marx''. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag: 19-38. * {{cite book |last=Tuchscherer |first=Konrad |chapter=Kwame Francis Nwia Kofie Nkrumah |title=Encyclopedia of Modern Dictators |editor-first=Frank J |editor-last=Coppa |location=New York |publisher=Peter Lang |year=2006 |pages=217–20 |isbn=0-8204-5010-3 }} * {{cite web | title=Godfrey Mwakikagile: Eurocentric Africanist? | url=https://sites.google.com/site/intercontinentalbookcentre/godfrey-mwakikagile-a-eurocentric-pan-africanist | publisher=Intercontinental Book Centre | access-date=8 December 2021 | archive-date=20 February 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220064832/https://sites.google.com/site/intercontinentalbookcentre/godfrey-mwakikagile-a-eurocentric-pan-africanist | url-status=live }} * Žák, Tomáš František (2016). "Applying the Weapon of Theory: Comparing the Philosophy of Julius Kambarage Nyerere and Kwame Nkrumah". ''Journal of African Cultural Studies''. 28 (2): 147–160. [https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13696815.2015.1053798 doi:10.1080/13696815.2015.1053798] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418090711/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13696815.2015.1053798?cookieSet=1 |date=18 April 2023 }}. S2CID 146709996. {{refend}} ==Ziiri mine Liŋkiri== * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMY0iTcspNA Faces of Africa Kwame Nkrumah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905004516/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMY0iTcspNA |date=5 September 2019 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150205213907/http://kwamenkrumahmausoleumnkroful.ghana-net.net/ Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum and Museum at Nkroful, Western Region] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150122034817/http://ghana-net.com/accra---kwame-nkrumah-memorial-park Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park & Museum, Accra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122034817/http://www.ghana-net.com/accra---kwame-nkrumah-memorial-park |date=22 January 2015 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090212181831/http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&listing=Kwame%20Nkrumah&page=viewListing&lid=10&Itemid=36 Ghana-pedia Kwame Nkrumah] * [http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&listing=Operation%Cold%Chop&page=viewListing&lid=287&Itemid=36 Ghana-pedia ''Operation Cold Chop'': The Fall Of Kwame Nkrumah]{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} <!--dead domain* [http://www.vibeghana.com/ Dr Kwame Nkrumah]---> * [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/prof_kwamenkrumah.html Excerpt from ''Commanding Heights''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922050538/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/prof_kwamenkrumah.html |date=22 September 2017 }} by Daniel Yergin and Joseph Stanislaw * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927190754/http://www.cooperativeresearch.org/entity.jsp?entity=kwame_nkrumah Timeline of events related to the overthrow of Kwame Nkrumah] * [http://www.teachinginghana.com/index.php/2007/11/12/kwame-nkrumah-lectures-part-2/ The Kwame Nkrumah Lectures at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627181711/http://www.teachinginghana.com/index.php/2007/11/12/kwame-nkrumah-lectures-part-2/ |date=27 June 2008 }} * [http://www.nkrumah.net/ Kwame Nkrumah Information and Resource Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216040945/http://www.nkrumah.net/ |date=16 December 2008 }} * [http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/ghana/090925/ghana-honors-nkrumah-statue-moammar-gadhafi Ghana re-evaluates Nkrumah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305011403/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/ghana/090925/ghana-honors-nkrumah-statue-moammar-gadhafi |date=5 March 2016 }} by ''[[The Global Post]]'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090213044033/http://ghanaconscious.ghanathink.org/podcasts/2007/03/6th-march-1957-midnight-speech Dr Kwame Nkrumah's Midnight Speech on the day of Ghana's independence&nbsp;– 6 March 1957.] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9zYDxbJimw Newsreel on First Conference of Independent African States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709080810/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9zYDxbJimw |date=9 July 2015 }} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJ09mKNRN-8 "Father of Ghana's independence Kwame Nkrumah died 50 years ago • FRANCE 24 English"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428112349/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJ09mKNRN-8 |date=28 April 2024 }} {{s-start}} {{s-ppo}} {{s-new|office}} {{s-ttl|title=Leader of the [[Convention People's Party]]|years=1948–66}} {{s-aft|after=Position abolished}} |- {{s-off}} {{s-new|office}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Ghana|Prime Minister of the Gold Coast]]|years=1952–57}} {{s-aft|after=Himself as Prime Minister of Ghana}} |- {{s-bef|before=Himself as Prime Minister of the Gold Coast}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Ghana]]|years=1957–60}} {{s-vac|next=[[Kofi Abrefa Busia]]}} |- {{s-new|rows=2|office}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ghana)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]|years=1957–58}} {{s-aft|after=[[Kojo Botsio]]}} |- {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Defence (Ghana)|Minister for Defence]]|years=1957–60}} {{s-aft|after=[[Charles de Graft Dickson]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Krobo Edusei]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for the Interior (Ghana)|Minister for the Interior]]|years=1958}} {{s-aft|after=[[Ashford Emmanuel Inkumsah]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Elizabeth II]]|as=[[Queen of Ghana]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Ghana]]|years=1960–66}} {{s-aft|after=[[Joseph Arthur Ankrah]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Ebenezer Ako-Adjei]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ghana)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]|years=1962–63}} {{s-aft|after=[[Kojo Botsio]]}} |- {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity]]|years=1965–66}} {{s-aft|after=[[Joseph Arthur Ankrah]]}} {{s-end}} == {{Authority control}}Sommo Yizie == {{DEFAULTSORT:Nkrumah, Kwame}} [[Category:Kwame Nkrumah| ]] [[Category:1909 births]] [[Category:1972 deaths]] [[Category:African revolutionaries]] [[Category:Chairpersons of the African Union]] [[Category:Alumni of Achimota School]] [[Category:Alumni of the London School of Economics]] [[Category:Anti-imperialists]] [[Category:Convention People's Party (Ghana) politicians]] [[Category:Deaths from prostate cancer in Romania]] [[Category:Ministers for defence of Ghana]] [[Category:Exiled politicians]] [[Category:Ministers for foreign affairs of Ghana]] [[Category:Ghanaian Christian socialists]] [[Category:Ghanaian expatriates in the United States]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 1951–1954]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 1954–1956]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 1956–1965]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 1965–1966]] [[Category:Ghanaian pan-Africanists]] [[Category:Ghanaian Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Ministers for the interior of Ghana]] [[Category:Leaders ousted by a coup]] [[Category:Recipients of the Lenin Peace Prize]] [[Category:Lincoln University (Pennsylvania) alumni]] [[Category:Members of Gray's Inn]] [[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Presidents for life]] [[Category:Presidents of Ghana]] [[Category:Prime ministers of Ghana]] [[Category:United Gold Coast Convention politicians]] [[Category:University of Pennsylvania alumni]] [[Category:University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education alumni]] [[Category:Ghanaian independence activists]] [[Category:Ghanaian Marxists]] [[Category:Ghanaian expatriates in Romania]] [[Category:Akan people]] [[Category:Imperialism studies]] [[Category:Fellows of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences]] [[Category:Presidents of Guinea]] [[Category:20th-century presidents in Africa]] [[Category:Ghanaian Freemasons]] [[Category:Dagaare]] [[Category:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Category:Dɔɔ]] [[Category:Dɔɔloŋ]] [[Category:Africa]] [[Category:Ghana]] [[Category:West Africa]] [[Category:Nensaala]] c6jmjlw00r3ddhah4oh09u4n5oudreh 51902 51901 2025-07-05T15:14:07Z Uthman salma 980 PAAHIYE SEURI 51902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q8620}} '''Dr. Francis Kwame Nkrumah''' (21 kavaare kyuu 1909-27 boŋŋo kyuu 1972) da e la [[Ghanaian]] pɔleteese, political theorist, ane revolutionary. Ona da daŋ e a [[prime minister]] danweɛ soba ane [[Ghana]] yidaandɔɔ, naŋ de weɛ neŋ [[Gold coast|Gold Coast]] ka ba nyɛ sommeŋɛ yi Britain 1957 poɔ.<ref name=":0">https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230361270_4</ref> Pan-Africanism, nɔmɛlmɛ neɛ, Nkrumah da e la mɛmba ko a organization of [[Africa|African]] unity ane neɛ naŋ di a Lenin peace prize yi a [[Soviet Union]] 1962 poɔ.<ref name=":1">https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public</ref> Yuomo pie ne ayi puoriŋ onaŋ wa be paaloŋ yobo tageraa o zannoo duoro saa, meɛrɛ o political philosophy ane nara ne o taa diasporic Pan-Africanists, Nkrumah leɛ wa la Gold Coast na piili o pɔletekal yɛlɛ naŋ e meŋɛ zɔɔ faabo. <ref name=":2">https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315018775</ref>O meɛ la Nɔdaa Paate (CPP), naŋ nyɛ baabo weoŋ yi o unprecedented appeal to the common voter. <ref>https://doi.org/10.5479%2Fsil.380651.39088006011662</ref>O leɛ la prime minister 1952 poɔ ane o leɛ are la ana vuo na Ghana naŋ wa nyɛ sommeŋɛ yi [[Britain]] 1957 poɔ. 1960 poɔ, Ghanaians da neɛ la nu iri bɛgɛ gampaalaa kyɛ ɛlɛte Nkrumah Yidaandɔɔ.<ref>https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctvk3gm60.17</ref> O naaŋ da are la socialist ane nationalist. O kaa la national industrial ane faŋa yɛlɛ, a eŋ baabo ganzanne eŋɛ oŋ e kpeɛŋaa ane a zɛge Pan-Africanist yipɔge oŋ do saa. Nkrumah wagere, Ghana toŋ la international yelerre yaga African a decolonization wagere.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-19455-4</ref> A zɔɔ maaroŋ wagere, Nkrumah da e la bone na a Wɛse naŋ maŋ boɔle ka authoritarian regime Ghana poɔ. Kwame Nkrumah ma yuori da la Elizabeth Nyanibah aŋ da yi Anon juriyɛ. Ka o ba meŋ yuori da e Kofi Nɡonloma aŋ da yi juriyɛ ŋa baŋ boɔna ka "Elephant". O da deɛ Helena Ritz Fathia Nkrumah baŋ da dɔɡe biihi bata, Francis Gokeh, Sarmiah Yarba aneŋ Sekou Ritz.<ref>"Kwame Nkrumah - Wikipedia" <nowiki>https://tw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah</nowiki></ref> == Yelkorɔ == === Pampana yelkorɔ === A Kumasi College ko Technology maŋ yuo la a 22 January 1952 neŋ 200 teekyare karembiiri naŋ yi Achimota wa, ka ba wa piili a a kolagyi. A October 1952, a sakuuri ko Engineering ane a Department ko Commerce da piilee naŋ da e a dɛndɛŋ soba. A Pharmacy Department da piilee January 1953, neŋ neɛ naŋ da e tontonna ko a Pharmacy yi a Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, ko a kolagyi. A department da zanna la yuomo ayi comprehensive course naŋ be a Pharmacy naŋ da vɛŋ ka ba maŋ terɛ Pharmacy Board Certificate. A Department ko a Agriculture meŋ da yuo la a yuoŋyeni ŋa poɔ naŋ da tere ad hoc zannoo dɔlɔ ko wagere mine, yi wagere fēē mine te wagere gyamaa mine, ko a Ministry of Agriculture. A Department ko General Studies da maalɛɛ ka o da wule biiri naŋ be Higher School Certificate Examinations kyaare Science ane Arts zanno dɔlɔ ane ka ba tere sobie zannoo dɔlɔ mine naŋ taa boɔbo mine ko departments sere mine. Yi 1952 te ta 1955, a sakuuri ko Engineering da kyɔɔrɛɛ sakubiiri kyaare neŋ professional qualifications yoŋ. A 1955, da taa la zannoo neŋ dɔlɔ mime naŋ da be a University of London Bachelor ko Engineering External Degree Examinations. A 1957, a sakuuri ko Architecture, Town Planning ane Building meŋ da piilee. A o sakubiiri dɛndɛŋ soba da piilee January 1958, kyaare professional zannoo dɔlɔ A kolagyi da yɔlɛɛ, o da eɛ a Kumasi kolagyi ko Technology naŋ da e science ane technology sakuuri. Mere naŋ beebe, a teekyɛre tureeni kolagyi, neŋ a ba paalebo ko Art Sakuuri, da la leɛre la yi January 1958, ko a Winneba tureeni kolagyi; a 1959 a Commerce Department da leɛre gaa la Achimota ka o da maale a Sakuuri kyaare Administration naŋ be a University of Ghana, Legon. A December 1960, a Gɔbena ko a Ghana da iree neɛ ko a University Commission ka o tere kpaamo kyaare neŋ a university zannoo saazu duobu yeltare, neŋ yeltare ka ba leɛre a University kolagyi gaaneŋ Ghana ane a Kumasi College of Technology gaaneŋ someŋɛ University of Ghana. Duoruu tuubu mine yi a commission naŋ da yi wieoŋ a 1961, a gɔbena da maalɛɛ a sommenne univɛnitiri naŋ be a Kumasi ane Legon, Accra. A Kumasi Kolagyi ko Technology da leɛre la gaa, yineŋ kaabo naŋ da be a R. P. Baffour, ko a full-fledged university, ane a yuori '''Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology''' yi a merɛ naŋ be a Parliament a 22 August 1961. A yuori da eɛ puoraa ko Kwame Nkrumah, naŋ e a dɛndɛŋ prime minister kyɛ ta wagere kaŋa da e a president ko a Ghana. A January 1966, Marr Grounds, naŋ e American/Australian yielŋmeɛrɛ naŋ kpeɛrɛ California, da nyɛ la iruuŋ kaŋa naŋ e karema ko a architecture a da maale yuomo ayi, kyɛ pãã da la leɛroo gaa a University of Sydney School ko Architecture, Design ane Planning a 1968. A yuori da taa leɛroo gaaneŋ University of Science ane Technology yi a zɔɔre puoriŋ a 24 February 1966. A University ko Science ane Technology da piilee a Wednesday, 20 November 1961. Neŋ a lɛ zaa, a merɛ kaŋa a Parliament (Act 559 a 1998) da leɛrɛɛ a yuori gaaneŋ a yuori meŋɛ waaloŋ, a Kwame Nkrumah University ko Science ane Technology, Kumasi. == Kampuusiri == === Kumasi kampuusi === A Kumasi kampuusi la a kampuusi kpoŋ ko a university. O na baŋ taɛ mɛlɛ ayɔpoi a zieŋ ane mɛlɛ anii (13 km) ko a east a Kumasi. O taa la a Central Administration ane deri menne mine. === Obuasi kampuusi === A Obuasi kampuusi piiluu saŋa da la a 4 November 2020 neŋ o da naŋ taa a inception a yuoni 2019 gba. O taa la 15 undergraduate programmes, naŋ e zannoo dɔlɔ ayɔpoi ko Engineering programmes, zannoo dɔlɔ anaare ko Business Administration programmes, zannoo dɔlɔ ata ko Allied Health Sciences programmes ane zannoo dɔlɔ yeni ko Science programme. == Organization ane administration == === Principal ɔfisiri === A principal officers ko a university la a chancellor, chairman ko a University Council ane vice-chancellor. A 2018, a wederoŋ vuo kyaare a chancellor da taa soɔbo ko a Asantehene Otumfuo Osei Tutu II. == Nyovori piiloo ane kanno-yelitaree == === Gold Coast === Kwame Nkrumah dogebu da e la Tuesday daare , 21 September 1909 <ref>https://www.mkgandhi.org/articles/nonviolence-of-Mahatma-Gandhi-in-Ghana.html</ref><ref>https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsehistory/2018/10/10/kwame-nkrumah-lse/</ref>a [[Nkroful, Gold Coast]] (now Ghana)<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1964/01/03/archives/man-in-the-news-an-african-enigma-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>. [[Nkroful]] da e la kuri bile a [[Nzema]] area, nang be a southwest ko a Gold Coast, nang pieli a frontier ning a French colony a ko a [[Ivory Coast.]] O ba da ba kpeira ning o yideme , kye da tona a [[Half Assini]] ziena ung zanne o goldsmith daabu yelitarihi awaana o kuung<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230205164542/https://www.uew.edu.gh/lib-fetured/ghana-autobiography-kwame-nkrumah</ref>. Kwame Nkrumah o ma ane yideme da guoloo, noba nang lang kpeira ane lasiri kye taa dogeriba nang be toori nang mang wa nyeba wagere ne wagere.O da kpeiree peenhibu o biibiilong wagere , a kuraa poung , a moo puong, nang da pieli a mani <ref>https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumah00davi</ref>. Wagere na o nang da be a sakuuri bie a [[United States]], ba da buonoo ka Francis Nwia Kofi Nkrumah, Kofi da e la [[Akan]] yuori ba nang mang ku dɔɔ ba doge Fridays<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press</ref>. Pouring ung leuhi a youri gaa Kwame Nkrumah in 1945 in the UK,yoe buoraa "Kwame"<ref>https://www.primenewsghana.com/politics/kwame-nkrumah-memorial-day-dr-kwame-nkrumah-a-son-of-the-soil.html</ref><ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>. A duoho a yi Ebenezer Obiri Addo o karembo gaa nimbituori paalikaara, a yuori "Nkrumah", a lasiri yuori ba nang mang ko a ninth child, wolee ka Kwame ‘mine kangang nyee zie a o Ba deu , nie nang taa poeba gyemaa<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201018205429/http://www.tvafrique.com/kwame-nkrumah/</ref>. O Ba, Opanyin Kofi Nwiana Ngolomah, yie Nkroful nang be a Nzema East pampana ba buola Ellembele, ung da e a Asona clan of the Akan Tribe. ziiri wolee ka Ngolomah kpee a [[Tarkwa-Nsuaem]] ane ung tung a goldsmith business<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170820160658/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/200909/27258.php</ref>. Ngolomah da taa gyirima ko a yeng ane kawani ko noba nang boura kawani yi o lasiri yela ane deu yele-taaree.O da kpiye ayuoni 1927<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170817034351/http://www.nkrumahinfobank.org/article.php?id=100&c=11</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>. Kwame da e la o Ma biyeni <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-0785-8</ref>. O gaanoo a elementary school nang da kaara yi a Catholic mission a Half Assini, ziena ung a sagi ka o e ye sakuri bizigilii<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref> . Anaazaa ka o Ma , nie ba nang da buola Elizabeth Nyanibah (1876/77–1979)<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170821212904/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/Archive/2000/499/profile.htm</ref>, puoring da leu yelee ka dogibo bebiri 1912, Nkrumah segee ka o dogibo bebiri e la 21 September 1909. O Ma yire e la Nsuaem kye ung yi a Agona family. o da e la zingkuora ane yaagu e-ra wagere ung da kuli sera<ref>https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.u158013</ref>. o dogibo beri anii puoring , o Ba da buoloo ka Francis Nwia-Kofi o nang da e dogera <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>kanga yuori,puori ka o ba ne o ma koo ka Francis Kwame Ngolomah<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170820160658/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/200909/27258.php</ref> O ‘nimbi-toori gaabu ning a yuon- pie fora-yeli-irihi yuomo anii puong . A yuoni 1925, o da e la bibiiri karemkanna a sakuri ane ung da e [[baptized]] nang be [[Catholic faith]]<ref>https://doi.org/10.1086%2F454260</ref>.kye da be a sakuuu ,noba buoloo ka [[Reverend Alec Garden Fraser]], ning kpong ko a Government Training College (soon to become [[Achimota School]]) nang be a Gold Coast's capital, Accra. Fraser maali ‘bing ko Nkrumah ka o zanne ŋa a karema nang be sakuu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFOwusu-Ansah</ref> . ziena[[, Columbia]]-educated deputy headmaster [[Kwegyir Aggrey]] da e-roo kyaare a teiha yi Marcus Garvey ane W. E. B. Du Bois. Aggrey, Fraser, ane ning jaani a Achimota puong anaazaa ka langtaa na bilabe ko a baloo kpachage nang kaara a Gold Coast, kye Nkrumah, echoing Garvey, leu wa teiha ka ningsagne baloo minga kaabo da naang tuong taa haakili‘yeni ba buuri kpachaga<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFAddo</ref>. Ung da nye o karima mine sieree gbangu yi a [[Prince of Wales' College]] a Achimota a yuoni 1930<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>, Nkrumah da nyee karembu toma nang be Roman Catholic primary school in [[Elmina]] a yuoni 1931<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>. A pari a pari yuoni boyeni, o da e la a karima mine ning kpong ko a [[Axim]]. A Axim, o da piilee kpieree paalikaa yelitarihikye leu te be a Nzema Literary Society. A yuoni 1933, ba e-roo ung e karema ko a Catholic seminary at Amissano<ref>https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28819/1/10672987.pdf</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref>. Anaazaa ka be kpiebo da e la tuo ,kye o un da nung bila, ane o na da buora ka o leu Jesuit. Nkrumah o da wonye a ‘duohi-seura ane nimbituri [[Nigerian]] paalikaara [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] yela kye sukuri biiri a Achimota; a daba bai da nyee taa kye <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref> Azikiwe's haakila teibo da paahi Nkrumah nungbo a black nationalism<ref>https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195301731.013.40103</ref>.A karema bile da buora ka o karim gaa nimbituori. Azikiwe da gaa la [[Lincoln University,]] a [[historically black college]] nang be [[Chester County, Pennsylvania]], west ko [[Philadelphia]], kye e Nkrumah kawani ka o kpe be<ref>https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230603486</ref>. Nkrumah,da fieliye u daanuori; teesi ko a [[London University]],o da nyee sungbo ko o yuobo ane o sakuuri yelitaree yi o dogereba seng .o da chenye gaa [[Britain]], ziena ung zanne, ko o nimbikuoniiyi Italy's ngmaabu ko [[Ethiopia]], a paaloo bonyeni kanga yi a independent African nations. o da gaa a [[United States]], a October 1935<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/222725</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref> === United States === A yi ayeli’kori seuseura [[John Henrik Clarke]] o atiklehi ku a Nkrumah's American sojourn, " a haakila leubo yi a yuom-pie ung nang da be a [[United States]] da taa naaribo jeri nyiibu ko o nyovore chelee nang kpaling." Nkrumah da moo nye kpiebu ko [[Lincoln University]] wagere kanga seni ung piilee karembo a beng<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFClarke</ref>. Nkrumah da baaree a Bachelor of Arts degree a economics ane sociology a yuoni 1939. Lincoln leu e-roo ung e‘wuliwulo sungna a bambu bii daanhibu buobu.O da piilii diaree buolibo ka o e a saamba nie ang muola Ngmini yela a Presbyterian churches in Philadelphia ane New York<ref>https://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11427/9290/thesis_hum_2014_opokumensah_e.pdf?sequence=1</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200602070935/https://www.mtkenyatimes.co.ke/auto-draft-3/</ref>. A yuoni 1939, Nkrumah da kpe a Lincoln's seminary ane a [[Ivy League institution]], a University of Pennsylvania nang be Philadelphia ane a yuoni 1942,o da piilii tuni a Mu chapter of [[Phi Beta Sigma fraternity at Lincoln University]]<ref>https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2067&context=etd</ref>. Nkrumah nyee a Bachelor of Theology degree yi a Lincoln a 1942, a karembi-zudaana a koose . O sanyeu diabo yi a Penn a tuuro a yuoni a Master ko Arts degree nang be philosophy ane a Master of Science in education<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref>. Wagere a Penn, Nkrumah tomee ning a kokojera ‘wono [[William Everett Welmers]], a kuro a yelibo bungma nang maali a munpiilee ku a fora descriptive grammar ko a teng-be [[Fante dialect]] of the [[Akan language]]. Nkrumah ming da piilee tuma ning a [[Prince Hall Freemasonry]] kye da kpiera a United States<ref>https://aha.confex.com/aha/2009/webprogram/Paper2449.html</ref><ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Special-Tribute-to-Dr-Kwame-Nkrumah-286481</ref>. Nkrumah da kannee bukuri agaa paalikaa yelitarihi ane Ngminihung yela zannuu , ane biirii karembo a bambu bii daanhibu buobu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#cite_note-63</ref>. A yuoni 1943 Nkrumah da nyee [[Trinidadian]] Marxist [[C. L. R. James,]] Russaian long paalijaala [[Raya Dunayevskaya]], ane Chinese-American Grace Lee Boggs,ba zaa da e la membare ko a American-based Marxist intellectual [[Cohort.|cohort]]<ref>https://www.africanglobe.net/featured/dr-kwame-nkrumah/</ref>[[Cohort.|.]] Nkrumah puoring da tiehi yeli ‘ku ye James ning o karembo "bila tenge muni toma chene mang be<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref> ". [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] gbama ing’zie ko Nkrumah, kpeling yi a January to May 1945,da wuloo nie ang tuong sagi ‘komunizim<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref>. Nkrumah da e la siiri ka o gaa London, a buora ka o nang kanne gaa ‘nimbi-toori a [[Second World War]] da baaree<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAddo70-67</ref> . James, a yuoni1945 puori wulee Nkrumah to [[Trinidad-born]] George Padmore a London,seuye: " A dau baapaala waana o zie .O da ba e nimbiyuoro,kye anaa-zaa da erakura o le ne ung na tuong bonso o da eraa siri ka o za Europeans yi a Africa<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref>." === London === Nkrumah da leu gaaye London a May 1945 puong kye kpe a [[London School of Economics]] aŋa a PhD ning‘lugiroo a [[Anthropology]]. O da leu eree a sukuu ‘biihi ‘yuobu ti ta ba bahibu puoring a yuoni pring ung da kpe [[University College London]], ning a nimbi-zie ing ka o seu a bambu bii daanhibu buobu siing lemeleme a "Knowledge and Logical Positivism"<ref>https://doi.org/10.1086%2F649838</ref>. o ningkpong , [[A. J. Ayer]], zaanhibu ka o maahi nye Nkrumah aŋa a "first-class philosopher",a yela , "ing nungla o yela ane a mang ‘wong noo ning o yeliyaga kye o da ba ‘woning wa ung taa haakila . O da buora ‘ihi jugihibu nuori wieng ‘wieng. ing teiha ka tilahi chelee da e la ka o da ba cheliha kpiengaa ko a yelinyogiruu . bila da e la sori nang wono a wagere a gara ka a sori ‘yuobu wa ka o leu gaa Gaana<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref> ." A baaraa , Nkrumah da kpee , kye da ba baare , a karimbo ko begu a [[Gray's Inn]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref>. Nkrumah dia o wagere ko paalikaa-yelitare langbo o minga ane Padmore da paahiye a zu-daana lambu ‘yi-diereba, ane libi-kaareba ,ko a Fifth [[Pan-African]] Congress a Manchester (15–19 October 1945)<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=rqYEhtONIBgC</ref>. A gbebogu-ahiba langbo ‘bigihi ta a ''.''taanhu yelitarihi segihibu ko a vuori saamba wa die paaluu kaara.Ba da sagi a ‘tu bau a federal United States of Africa, ning with liriha taa paaloo lambo, a kaara yi welihibo paalihi ko ngmaa sori berii kpiengu<ref>https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-954X.00231</ref>. Ba da segehiye a tu bau ko a new African lasiri kye ba taa dogirii welibu,yeli ka-n-yeli naang yela ning lang’dima tumbo, laanha lanna taaba dangkaari yeli ‘lombori kanga ning bungpaalaa tiehibo , ane ka a bila nga nye yi non-violent wulee ka a na e la tuongbo<ref>http://www.jpanafrican.com/docs/vol2no3/GhanasForeignPolicyAtIndependenceAnd.pdf</ref>. A paahi noba nang gaa a lambo da e la bungtiinhuu [[W. E. B. Du Bois]] a ning mine nang da dia yidiebo toma ka ba e yi-dieriba ko a paaloo so-n-minga deme a paahi [[Hastings Banda]] of [[Nyasaland]] (nang leu Malawi), [[Jomo Kenyatta]] ko [[Kenya]] ane [[Obafemi Awolowo]] ko[[Nigeria]]<ref>https://www.ippmedia.com/en/features/running-away-our-own-shadows</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref>. == 1966 coup d'état == See also: [[National Liberation Council § 1966 coup]] A February 1966, kye ka Nkrumah da bila sori gara ka o ta nye a [[North Vietnam]] ane China, o paalikaa da ihi nie naalung ‘kogong a miihuu ''coup d'état'' ang dia zu yi a paaloo [[military]] ane [[police]] forces, ning sungbu yi a civil service<ref>https://ghanaremembers.com/stories/people/kwame-nkrumah-a-biography-of-ghanas-first-president.html</ref>. A noba nang da buora ka ba toung beu conspirators, ‘yie diera da e-ye [[Joseph Arthur Ankrah,]] da kuye ba mine yuori ka a [[National Liberation Council]] ane o kaabo awa soje yela paalikaabo yuomo ata agaa . Nkrumah da zanne ko a coup sene ung da te-ta a China. A coup puoring,Nkrumah da kpee a Beijing beri anaare, ane Premier [[Zhou Enlai]] da kaakoo ning gyirima <ref>https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00064246.1972.11431232</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/news/876767/the-confused-moments-of-nkrumah-in-china-after-the-coup.html</ref>. == Foomaraa leubu ane kuung == Main article: [[Death and state funeral of Kwame Nkrumah]] Nkrumah kpeing a 27 April 1972, a [[Bucharest]], a teng kpong ku a [[Romania]],ko yela babanginuu kye ang ba sogili baalung. a coup wagere , o daang kpiera a Guinean teng-kpong ko Conakry, ang jeng ‘tengeng wagiri nga. == Daanhibu ane Cheng bung == O wagere, Nkrumah da nyee Kyɔɔtaɛ ko awarded honorary doctorates yi universities jemaa a paahi [[Lincoln University (Pennsylvania), Moscow State University]] (USSR), [[Cairo University]] ([[Egypt]]), [[Jagiellonian University]] [[(Poland]]), ane [[Humboldt University (East Germany)]]<ref>http://www.kwamenkrumahcentenary.org/esi_speech.html</ref>. A yi a ‘nimbiyuo ‘sieree gbanseu ‘binnuu barebo yi a [[U.S. Department of State's Office of the Historian]], "Nkrumah da e-ree yele gyemaa ka o ligiri bung ‘muning ko a [U.S. government] buobo gang a black African jaa<ref>https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v26/d201</ref> ." A September 2009, President [[John Atta Mills]] da wulee a 21 September (the 100th anniversary of Kwame Nkrumah's birth) ung e a [[Founders' Day]], a kparaama pennuu ‘bebiri a Gaana ka ba teihe a nabaali yela ko Kwame Nkrumah<ref>http://www.modernghana.com/news/236431/1/nkrumahs-birthday-declared-a-holiday.html</ref>. A April 2019, President Akufo-Addo da sagi ku a Public Holidays (Amendment) Act 2019 nang leure a 21 September yi Founders' Day gaa[[Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Day]]<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/President-Akufo-Addo-assents-to-Public-Holidays-Amendment-Act-2019-744767</ref>. == Meŋa nyɔvore-yele == Kwame Nkrumah kulee [[Fathia Ritzk]], an [[Egyptian Coptic]] bank tongtuna ane sakuuri karema koree , a ‘zi-maanii o na da waana a Gaana pou: New Year's Eve, 1957–1958<ref>http://www.nathanielturner.com/fathiankrumahfarewell.htm</ref>. Fathia's ma da zaahiye ka o buoli ngmini ko o ba kuli-taa yele ne puong, o bie kanga nang da yi ne a dau saana<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200610125740/https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/here-are-all-the-first-ladies-of-ghana-since-independence/0l2k3hw</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/1095/fathia-the-rock-of-the-nkrumah-family.html</ref>. Aŋa kuli-taa deme, Fathia ane Nkrumah da taa biiri bata : Gamal (born 1958), Samia (born 1960) ane Sekou (born 1964). [[Gamal]] da e la ‘duohi-saamba gbangu seura , ky ka [[Samia]] ane Sekou ming da e la paalikaa tuntuniba . Nkrumah da taa bidau zaala, Francis, a paediatrician (born 1935)<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20181019075818/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2014/September-22nd/africa-must-re-examine-implement-nkrumahs-ideas-francis-nkrumah.php</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190406213932/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Kwame-Nkrumah-s-unknown-son-surfaces-235004</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190904212017/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/social/201507/249589.php</ref><ref>https://www.knust.edu.gh/about/knust/history</ref>. == O Yeli yaɡa Ŋmaara Mine == "N nuŋ yɛŋ ka N so n meŋa kyɛ be dɔɡee poɔŋ ɡaa ka N ta so n meŋa" "Ghana meŋa soubu ba tare tɔna jaa ka Africa paaluu jaa ba so o meŋa" "Africa taree sɔre ka te laŋtaa" "Nimitɔɔre ɡaabu yoŋ, boɔre ɡaabu kyibe" "Eŋ ba e neɛ aŋ yɛli ka N yie Africa baŋ dɔɡe ma Africa kye juŋ, eŋ eɛ neɛ aŋ yi Africa bojuŋ ba dɔɡee Africa eŋ eŋan" "Te ihee panpana. Te daŋ kula ɡbihi jaa. Aŋ yi jine ɡara, Africa paalaa waɛ dunee" "Ka neɛ era yɛla kyɛ ba tieha eɛ yelkpala. Ka neɛ tieha kyɛ ba ihi era eɛ wa jɔŋloŋ"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> "Neɛ jaa aŋ yi Africa, ka e bie "North" bee "South America", "Carrabean" dɛme bee dunee lombori jiejaa baŋ be eɛ nuba aŋ yi Africa"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> "Meŋa soɔbu ba e boŋ eŋ na de ko neɛ a wa kyeotaa. Yɛ boŋ la neɛ meŋ jaa koŋ baŋ bimuu koɛ"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> ==== vuune toma mine ==== Nkrumah's da terɛɛ sommo ko a industrial development, sommo ko a Minister of Finance, Komla Agbeli Gbedema, ko a Volta River Project: a Meɛbo ko a hydroelectric power plant, a Akosombo Dam kyaare a Volta River a eastern Ghana. A Volta River Project da la a duoruu terɛ ko Nkrumah's economic programme. A 20 February 1958, o da yeli ko la National Assembly: "n taa la sagedeebo kpeɛŋaa ko a Volta River Project naŋ maŋ terɛ a sobie naŋ maŋ vɛŋ ka te kpɛ a economic independence." Ghana da nyɛ sommo yi United States, Israel ane a World Bank ka ba mɛ dampo. Kaiser Aluminum da sagɛɛ ka ba da mɛ a dampo ko Nkrumah, kyɛ da are neŋ feeroŋ neŋ boma na ba naŋ na de maale neŋ a fintindigili. Nkrumah da pɛŋɛɛ libie ka ba da mɛ neŋ a dampo, naŋ da vɛŋ sanne da be a Ghana. Ka ba da soŋ yɔɔ a sane, o da duorɛɛŋ zuyɔɔ naŋ be cocoa koɔreba a south. Ŋaa da vɛŋɛɛ nimikpɛ yɛlɛ da bebe. A dampo Meɛbo da baarɛɛ kyɛ naŋ piili a Nkrumah amidst global publicity a 22 January 1966. Nkrumah da wanne la Ghana Nuclear Reactor Project a 1961, naŋ taa piiluu a Ghana Atomic Energy Commission a 1963, ane a 1964 naŋ da vɛŋ a kuuri dɛndɛŋ ka o da e a atomic energy facility. ==== Cocoa ==== A 1954 a tendaa zaa cocoa daaroŋ da zɛge do ko a cocoa koɔba ka ba are ko windfall, Nkrumah da senne neŋ la a duobu ko central government levies, naŋ da vɛŋ ka o da areko a national development projects. A yɛlɛ ama mine da soŋ o la ka o da la do wederoŋ. Boma daaroŋ da naŋ duoro saa. A 1960 a cocoa baagyi daaroŋ da arɛɛ £250 a London. A August 1965 a daaroŋ da arɛɛ £91. A daaroŋ duobu da sigee yi a Gɔbena naŋ da areko a boŋguri ane koɔba ka ba da nyɛ a arekoobo. === Saakonnoŋ === Nkrumah da eɛ ardent promoterko a pan-Africanism, naŋ nyɛ gaabo e ''"quest for regional integration of the whole of the African continent"''. A saŋa ko Nkrumah's nimizeeloŋ ko politisi taa la mannoo naŋ e "golden age of high pan-African ambitions"; a continent da nyɛɛ nationalist movements ane decolonization ko a European colonial powers, ane historians da nyɛ la duoruu ka "a mannoo ane solidarity da nyɛɛ momentum naŋ be a pan-Africanist movement". Naŋ leɛ teɛre African heritage, Nkrumah gbɛɛ gyamaa na maŋ eschewed Western fashion, donning a fugu (a Northern attire) naŋ taa Southern-produced Kente cloth, a banaa taa la bambo. O da paalɛɛ a piiluu a Ghana Museum a 5 March 1957; a Arts Council of Ghana, a wing ko a Ministry of Education ane Culture, a 1958; a Research Library a African Affairs a June 1961; ane a Ghana Film Corporation a 1964. A 1962, Nkrumah naŋ taa yuobu a Institute of African Studies. A campaign yineŋ nudity naŋ be a northern naŋ paale a teŋɛ naŋ nyɛ special attention yi Nkrumah, naŋ da nyɛ Propaganda Secretary Hannah Cudjoe ka ba tere yeluu. Cudjoe meŋ da maalɛɛ a Ghana Women's League, naŋ da zɛge a Party's agenda kyaare nutrition, biiri guoluu, ane bonsuuri suubu. A League meŋ da la yi la zɔɔre naŋ da taa sommo ko French nuclear weapons a Sahara. Cudjoe wasda iree consolidation kyaare national women's groups, a da vɛŋ sentaaloŋ be a Party poɔŋ. Merɛ da bebe a 1959 ane 1960 naŋ da kyaare wederoŋ mine a parliament naŋ da taa wederoŋ neŋ pɔge. Pɔgeba mine da taa la zɛgebo gaa CPP Central Committee. Pɔgeba gyamaa da gaa la Yunivɛniti, a da furi tonsonne mine teseŋ medicine ane law, kyɛ da la gaa neŋ professional trips a Israel, a Soviet Union, ane a Eastern Bloc. Pɔgeba meŋ da kpɛɛ sogyaaloŋ ane air force. Pɔgeba gyamaa da be la koɔbo ane yɛroŋ; bamine da nyɛɛ sommo yi Co-operative Movement. Nkrumah's enfuomo da yɛre pɔgɛɛ a zie zaa, teseŋ, a postage stamps ane a libie, naŋ taa yitaaloŋ neŋ monarchs – naŋ terɛ fodder gɛgɛroŋ naŋ bebe ko Nkrumahist ka o paalɛɛ kɔlt. ==Kyɔɔtaɛ== ===Tenne mine Kyɔɔtaɛ=== {{Clear}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |- ! style="width:90px;" | Ribbon ! style="width:350px;" | Distinction ! style="width:120px;" | Country ! style="width:120px;" | Date ! Reference |- | [[File:EGY Order of the Nile - Grand Cordon BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Nile]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Egypt|1922}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1957 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite book |editor1-last=Danquah |editor1-first=Moses |title=Ghana: One Year Old. A First Independence Anniversary Review |date=1958 |publisher=Publicity Promotions |location=Accra |page=32 |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/2008700208/ |access-date=5 May 2025}} |- | [[File:LBN National Order of the Cedar - Grand Cordon BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cordon of the [[National Order of the Cedar]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Lebanon}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1957 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- | [[File:Order of the Yugoslavian Great Star Rib.png|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | [[Order of the Yugoslav Star|Order of the Yugoslav Great Star]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Yugoslavia|1946}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2 March 1961 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite news |title=Председник Тито предао председнику Нкрумаху Ореден велике југословенске звезде |url=http://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp%7Cissue:UB_00064_19610303%7Cpage:4%7Cquery:%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%20%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%20%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5 |access-date=6 May 2025 |work=[[Borba (newspaper)|Borba]] |date=3 March 1961 |language=sr}} |- | [[File:CZE Rad Bileho Lva 3 tridy BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Collar of the [[Order of the White Lion]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Czechoslovakia}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2 August 1961 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=Československý řád Bílého lva 1923–1990 |url=https://www.prazskyhradarchiv.cz/file/edee/vyznamenani/cs_rbl.pdf |publisher=Archivu Kanceláře prezidenta republiky |access-date=5 May 2025 |page=130 |language=cs}} |- | [[File:Order of the Elephant Ribbon bar.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | [[Lenin Peace Prize]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Soviet Union|1955}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 30 April 1962 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite news |title=Picasso Gets Lenin Prize |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1873&dat=19620501&id=dsAeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bsoEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6210,37008 |access-date=6 May 2025 |work=Daytona Beach Morning Journal |date=1 May 1962}} |- | [[File:Cordone di gran Croce di Gran Cordone OMRI BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Italy}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 25 September 1963 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=Elenco dei Cavalieri di Gran Croce, decorati di Gran Cordone dell'Ordine, defunti |url=https://archivio.quirinale.it/materiali-pubblicazioni/onorificenze/ASPR_Onorificenze_Cavalieri_di_Gran_Croce_Gran_Cordone.pdf |publisher=Portale storico della Presidenza della Repubblica |access-date=5 May 2025 |language=it}} |- | [[File:POL Polonia Restituta Wielki BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cross of the [[Order of Polonia Restituta]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Poland}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1965 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite book |last1=Stela |first1=Wojciech |title=Polskie ordery i odznaczenia (Vol. I) |date=2008 |location=Warsaw |page=49}} |- | [[File:Order of the Companions of O.R. Tambo (ribbon bar).gif|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Supreme Companion of the [[Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|South Africa}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 16 June 2004(posthumously) | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=2004 National Orders awards |url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/people/nationalorders2004.htm |website=SouthAfrica.info |access-date=5 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204092331/http://www.southafrica.info/about/people/nationalorders2004.htm#.VrMYl-zP32c |archive-date=4 February 2016}} |} ==Kwame Nkrumah Toma O Naŋ Toŋ== [[File:1989 CPA 6101.jpg|thumb|right|A postage stamp from the [[Soviet Union]] marking the 80th anniversary of his birth]] [[File:Independence Arch - Accra, Ghana1.jpg|thumb|Independence Arch in Accra]] * "Negro History: European Government in Africa", ''The Lincolnian'', 12 April 1938, p.&nbsp;2 (Lincoln University, Pennsylvania) – see [https://web.archive.org/web/20090817175003/http://www.lincoln.edu/library/project.html Special Collections and Archives, Lincoln University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817175003/http://www.lincoln.edu/library/project.html |date=17 August 2009 }}{{Cite journal|last=Bontemps|first=Arna|date=20 April 2017|title=Lincoln and the Negro|journal=University of Illinois Press|volume=1|doi=10.5406/illinois/9780252037696.003.0005}} * "Primitive Education in West Africa," ''Educational Outlook,'' January 1941 (University of Pennsylvania). [https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-primitive-education/ See] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303212548/https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-primitive-education/ |date=3 March 2024 }} * "Education and Nationalism in Africa," ''Educational Outlook,'' November 1943 (University of Pennsylvania). [https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-education-nationalism/ See] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303212548/https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-education-nationalism/ |date=3 March 2024 }} * ''Ghana: The Autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah'' (1957). {{ISBN|0-901787-60-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Ghana: the autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah|date=2002|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-60-4|edition=Africa's 100 best books|location=London|oclc=51932153}} * ''Africa Must Unite'' (1963). {{ISBN|0-901787-13-2}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Africa must unite|date=1963|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-13-2|location=London|oclc=6567302}} * ''African Personality'' (1963){{Cite book|last=Mead, Margaret |title=Technique & personality|date=1963|publisher=Museum of Primitive Art|oclc=603547274}} {{blockquote|The essence of neo-colonialism is that the State which is subject to it is, in theory, independent and has all the outward trappings of international sovereignty. In reality its economic system and thus its political policy is directed from outside.|Introduction}} * ''Neo-Colonialism, the Last Stage of Imperialism'' (1965){{Cite journal|last1=Tiger|first1=Lionel|last2=Nkrumah|first2=Kwame|date=1966|title=Neo-Colonialism. The Last Stage of Imperialism|journal=International Journal|volume=22|issue=1|pages=161|doi=10.2307/40199801|jstor=40199801|s2cid=143584107 |issn=0020-7020}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Neo-colonialism: the last stage of imperialism.|date=1990|publisher=Panaf|oclc=59982527}} * ''Axioms of Kwame Nkrumah'' (1967). {{ISBN|0-901787-54-X}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Kwame Nkrumah: the Conakry years, his life and letters|date=1990|publisher=PANAF|others=Milne, June 1920–|isbn=0-901787-53-1|location=London|oclc=22733303}} * ''African Socialism Revisited'' (1967){{Cite journal|date=October 1967|title=African Socialism|journal=International Affairs|volume=43|issue=4|pages=779|doi=10.1093/ia/43.4.779|issn=1468-2346}} * ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nGB1AAAAMAAJ Challenge of the Congo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405030326/https://books.google.com/books?id=nGB1AAAAMAAJ |date=5 April 2023 }}'' (1967) *''Voice From Conakry'' (1967). {{ISBN|90-17-87027-3}} * ''Dark Days in Ghana'' (1968). {{ISBN|0-7178-0046-6}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Dark days in Ghana|date=1972|publisher=Internat. Publ|isbn=0-7178-0046-6|edition=Repr|location=New York|oclc=796074108}} * ''Handbook of Revolutionary Warfare'' (1968). {{ISBN|0-7178-0226-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Handbook of revolutionary warfare: a guide to the armed phase of the African revolution|date=1975|publisher=International Publishers|isbn=0-7178-0226-4|edition=1st U.S.|location=New York|oclc=8095708}} * ''The Way Out, "Civilian Rule" Fraud and A Call for Positive Action and Armed Struggle'' (1970){{Cite book |last=Nkrumah |first=Kwame |title=The Way Out, "Civilian Rule" Fraud and A Call for Positive Action and Armed Struggle |publisher=Panaf Books |year=1970 |edition=Reprinted |location=University of London, Senate House Library} * ''Consciencism: Philosophy and Ideology for De-Colonisation'' (1970). {{ISBN|0-901787-11-6}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Consciencism: philosophy and ideology for decolonisation|date=1978|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-11-6|location=London|oclc=16613918}} * ''Class Struggle in Africa'' (1970). {{ISBN|0-901787-12-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Class struggle in Africa.|date=1970|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-12-4|location=London|oclc=153293}} * ''The Struggle Continues'' (1973). {{ISBN|0-901787-41-8}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=The struggle continues: six ... pamphlets|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-41-8|location=London|oclc=3073780} * ''I Speak of Freedom'' (1973). {{ISBN|0-901787-14-0}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=I speak of freedom|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-14-0|location=London |oclc=16236424}} * ''Revolutionary Path'' (1973). {{ISBN|978-0-901787-22-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Revolutionary path.|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-22-1|location=London|oclc=764869}} == Tigri == Yelyaga boɔbo leɛ kaa Kwame Nkrumah tigiri == Meŋ Kaa Kyɛ == Nkrumah gɔbena == Kyɛle kyɛ == {{notelist}} == Meŋɛ Nyɔvooroŋ == * {{Cite book |last=Addo |first=Ebenezer Obiri |title=Kwame Nkrumah: A Case Study of Religion and Politics in Ghana |publisher=University Press of America|year=1997 |isbn=978-0-7618-0785-8|ref={{sfnRef|Addo}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Birmingham |first=David |title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Father of African Nationalism |publisher=Ohio University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8214-1242-8|ref={{sfnRef|Birmingham}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Bourret |first=F. M. |title=Ghana—The Road to Independence |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1960|edition=Revised|orig-date=1949 |oclc= 414362 |ref={{sfnRef|Bourret}} }} * {{cite journal |title=Kwame Nkrumah: His years in America|last=Clarke|first=John Henrik|volume=6|issue=2|date=October 1974|journal=[[The Black Scholar]]|pages=9–16|doi=10.1080/00064246.1974.11431459 |jstor=41065759|s2cid=141785632 |ref={{sfnRef|Clarke}} }} * {{cite book |last=Fuller|first=Harcourt|year=2014|title=Building the Ghanaian Nation-State|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-44856-9 |ref={{sfnRef|Fuller}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Mazrui |first=Ali |author-link=Ali Mazrui|title=Nkrumah's Legacy and Africa's Triple Heritage Between Globalization and Counter Terrorism |publisher=Ghana Universities Press|year=2004 |isbn=978-9964-3-0296-2|ref={{sfnRef|Mazrui}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Owusu-Ansah |first=David |title=Biographical Dictionary of Ghana |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-8108-7242-4|edition=4th|ref={{sfnRef|Owusu-Ansah}} }} * {{Cite book|last=Rooney|first=David|year=1988|title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Political Kingdom in the Third World|publisher=St. Martin's Press|ref={{sfnRef|Rooney}}|isbn=978-0-312-02479-6|url=https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumah00davi}} * {{Cite book|last=Sherwood|first=Marika|author-link=Marika Sherwood|year=1996|title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Years Abroad 1935–1947|publisher=Freedom Publications|isbn=978-9988-7716-0-7|ref={{sfnRef|Sherwood}}|url=https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumahyear00sher_0}} * {{Cite book |last=Thompson |first=W. Scott |title=Ghana's Foreign Policy 1957–1966 |url=https://archive.org/details/ghanasforeignpol1969wsco |url-access=registration |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1969 |oclc=2616|ref={{sfnRef|Thompson}} }} == Nimitɔɔre mine kannoo == {{refbegin|40em}} * Arhin, Kwame (1993). ''The Life and Work of Kwame Nkrumah''. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, Inc. {{ISBN|9780865433953}} (08543395X) * Baynham, Simon (1988). ''The Military and Politics in Nkrumah's Ghana''. Westview Special Studies on Africa. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, Inc. (Frederick A. Praeger), {{ISBN|0-8133-70639}} * Biney, Ama. "The Legacy of Kwame Nkrumah in Retrospect." ''Journal of Pan African Studies'' 2.3 (2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210205064300/http://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/amcdouga/Hist247/winter_2014/resources/LegacyOfKwameNkrumah.pdf online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205064300/http://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/amcdouga/Hist247/winter_2014/resources/LegacyOfKwameNkrumah.pdf |date=5 February 2021 }}, historiography * Biney, Ama. ''The political and social thought of Kwame Nkrumah'' (2011). * Biney, Ama. "The Development of Kwame Nkrumah's Political Thought in Exile, 1966–1972." ''Journal of African History'' 50.1 (2009): 81–100. * Bretton, Henry L. ''The rise and fall of Kwame Nkrumah: a study of personal rule in Africa'' (1967). * {{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Basil |title=Black Star: A View of the Life and Times of Kwame Nkrumah |publisher=James Currey |location=Oxford, UK |orig-date=1973 |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-84701-010-0 }} * [[Defense Intelligence Agency]], "[https://www.governmentattic.org/docs/DIA_AnalysisKwameNkrumahOfGhana1966.pdf Supplement, Kwame Nkrumah, President of Ghana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707043023/http://www.governmentattic.org/docs/DIA_AnalysisKwameNkrumahOfGhana1966.pdf |date=7 July 2017 }}", 12-January-1966. * Gerits, Frank. "'When the Bull Elephants Fight': Kwame Nkrumah, Non-Alignment, and Pan-Africanism as an Interventionist Ideology in the Global Cold War (1957–66)." ''International History Review'' 37.5 (2015): 951–969. * Gocking, Roger S. ''The History of Ghana'' (2005). * {{cite book |last=James |first=C. L. R. |title=Nkrumah and the Ghana Revolution |location=London |publisher=[[Allison & Busby]] |year=1977 |isbn=0-85031-461-5 }} * {{cite journal |last= Mazrui |first= Ali |year= 1966 |title= Nkrumah: The Leninist Czar |journal= [[Transition Magazine|Transition]] |issue= 26 |pages= 8–17 |jstor= 2934320 |doi= 10.2307/2934320 }} * Milne, June. ''Kwame Nkrumah: a biography'' (1999). * {{Cite book |last=Mwakikagile |first=Godfrey |title=Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era |edition=Third |location=Pretoria, South Africa |publisher=New Africa Press |year=2006 |chapter=Nyerere and Nkrumah: Towards African Unity |pages=347–355 |isbn=0-9802534-1-1 }} * Mwakikagile, Godfrey (2015), ''Western Involvement in Nkrumah's Downfall''. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: New Africa Press. {{ISBN|9789987160044}} * Omari, T. Peter. ''Kwame Nkrumah: The anatomy of an African dictatorship'' (1970). * Pinkney, Robert (1972). ''Ghana Under Military Rule 1966–1969''. London: Methuen & Co Ltd. {{ISBN|0-41675080X}} * {{cite book |last=Poe |first=D. Zizwe |title=Kwame Nkrumah's Contribution to Pan-African Agency |location=New York |publisher=Routledge |year=2003 |isbn=0-203-50537-9 }} * Rooney, David. ''Kwame Nkrumah: The Political Kingdom in the Third World'' (1988). * Rui Lopes & Víctor Barros (2019) "[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07075332.2019.1703118 Amílcar Cabral and the Liberation of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde: International, Transnational, and Global Dimensions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701214035/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07075332.2019.1703118 |date=1 July 2020 }}." The International History Review. * {{cite magazine |magazine=[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]] |location=USA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=71nrBoK-ilEC&pg=PA138 |title=Kwame Nkrumah: the Fall of a Messiah |author=Sanders, Charles L. |date=September 1966 |access-date=27 June 2015 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418090705/https://books.google.com/books?id=71nrBoK-ilEC&pg=PA138 |url-status=live }} * Smertin, Yuri. ''[https://archive.org/details/nkrumahsmertin Kwame Nkrumah]''. Moscow: [[Progress Publishers]]. 1987. * Sonderegger, Arno (2016). "How the Empire Wrote Back: Notes on the Struggle of George Padmore and Kwame Nkrumah". In: ''Kwame Nkrumah 1909-1972: A Controversial African Visionary. Edited by Bea Lundt and Christoph Marx''. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag: 19-38. * {{cite book |last=Tuchscherer |first=Konrad |chapter=Kwame Francis Nwia Kofie Nkrumah |title=Encyclopedia of Modern Dictators |editor-first=Frank J |editor-last=Coppa |location=New York |publisher=Peter Lang |year=2006 |pages=217–20 |isbn=0-8204-5010-3 }} * {{cite web | title=Godfrey Mwakikagile: Eurocentric Africanist? | url=https://sites.google.com/site/intercontinentalbookcentre/godfrey-mwakikagile-a-eurocentric-pan-africanist | publisher=Intercontinental Book Centre | access-date=8 December 2021 | archive-date=20 February 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220064832/https://sites.google.com/site/intercontinentalbookcentre/godfrey-mwakikagile-a-eurocentric-pan-africanist | url-status=live }} * Žák, Tomáš František (2016). "Applying the Weapon of Theory: Comparing the Philosophy of Julius Kambarage Nyerere and Kwame Nkrumah". ''Journal of African Cultural Studies''. 28 (2): 147–160. [https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13696815.2015.1053798 doi:10.1080/13696815.2015.1053798] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418090711/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13696815.2015.1053798?cookieSet=1 |date=18 April 2023 }}. S2CID 146709996. {{refend}} ==Ziiri mine Liŋkiri== * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMY0iTcspNA Faces of Africa Kwame Nkrumah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905004516/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMY0iTcspNA |date=5 September 2019 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150205213907/http://kwamenkrumahmausoleumnkroful.ghana-net.net/ Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum and Museum at Nkroful, Western Region] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150122034817/http://ghana-net.com/accra---kwame-nkrumah-memorial-park Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park & Museum, Accra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122034817/http://www.ghana-net.com/accra---kwame-nkrumah-memorial-park |date=22 January 2015 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090212181831/http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&listing=Kwame%20Nkrumah&page=viewListing&lid=10&Itemid=36 Ghana-pedia Kwame Nkrumah] * [http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&listing=Operation%Cold%Chop&page=viewListing&lid=287&Itemid=36 Ghana-pedia ''Operation Cold Chop'': The Fall Of Kwame Nkrumah]{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} <!--dead domain* [http://www.vibeghana.com/ Dr Kwame Nkrumah]---> * [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/prof_kwamenkrumah.html Excerpt from ''Commanding Heights''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922050538/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/prof_kwamenkrumah.html |date=22 September 2017 }} by Daniel Yergin and Joseph Stanislaw * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927190754/http://www.cooperativeresearch.org/entity.jsp?entity=kwame_nkrumah Timeline of events related to the overthrow of Kwame Nkrumah] * [http://www.teachinginghana.com/index.php/2007/11/12/kwame-nkrumah-lectures-part-2/ The Kwame Nkrumah Lectures at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627181711/http://www.teachinginghana.com/index.php/2007/11/12/kwame-nkrumah-lectures-part-2/ |date=27 June 2008 }} * [http://www.nkrumah.net/ Kwame Nkrumah Information and Resource Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216040945/http://www.nkrumah.net/ |date=16 December 2008 }} * [http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/ghana/090925/ghana-honors-nkrumah-statue-moammar-gadhafi Ghana re-evaluates Nkrumah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305011403/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/ghana/090925/ghana-honors-nkrumah-statue-moammar-gadhafi |date=5 March 2016 }} by ''[[The Global Post]]'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090213044033/http://ghanaconscious.ghanathink.org/podcasts/2007/03/6th-march-1957-midnight-speech Dr Kwame Nkrumah's Midnight Speech on the day of Ghana's independence&nbsp;– 6 March 1957.] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9zYDxbJimw Newsreel on First Conference of Independent African States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709080810/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9zYDxbJimw |date=9 July 2015 }} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJ09mKNRN-8 "Father of Ghana's independence Kwame Nkrumah died 50 years ago • FRANCE 24 English"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428112349/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJ09mKNRN-8 |date=28 April 2024 }} {{s-start}} {{s-ppo}} {{s-new|office}} {{s-ttl|title=Leader of the [[Convention People's Party]]|years=1948–66}} {{s-aft|after=Position abolished}} |- {{s-off}} {{s-new|office}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Ghana|Prime Minister of the Gold Coast]]|years=1952–57}} {{s-aft|after=Himself as Prime Minister of Ghana}} |- {{s-bef|before=Himself as Prime Minister of the Gold Coast}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Ghana]]|years=1957–60}} {{s-vac|next=[[Kofi Abrefa Busia]]}} |- {{s-new|rows=2|office}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ghana)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]|years=1957–58}} {{s-aft|after=[[Kojo Botsio]]}} |- {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Defence (Ghana)|Minister for Defence]]|years=1957–60}} {{s-aft|after=[[Charles de Graft Dickson]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Krobo Edusei]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for the Interior (Ghana)|Minister for the Interior]]|years=1958}} {{s-aft|after=[[Ashford Emmanuel Inkumsah]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Elizabeth II]]|as=[[Queen of Ghana]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Ghana]]|years=1960–66}} {{s-aft|after=[[Joseph Arthur Ankrah]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Ebenezer Ako-Adjei]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ghana)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]|years=1962–63}} {{s-aft|after=[[Kojo Botsio]]}} |- {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity]]|years=1965–66}} {{s-aft|after=[[Joseph Arthur Ankrah]]}} {{s-end}} == {{Authority control}}Sommo Yizie == {{DEFAULTSORT:Nkrumah, Kwame}} [[Category:Kwame Nkrumah| ]] [[Category:1909 births]] [[Category:1972 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{{Databox|item=Q8620}} '''Dr. Francis Kwame Nkrumah''' (21 kavaare kyuu 1909-27 boŋŋo kyuu 1972) da e la [[Ghanaian]] pɔleteese, political theorist, ane revolutionary. Ona da daŋ e a [[prime minister]] danweɛ soba ane [[Ghana]] yidaandɔɔ, naŋ de weɛ neŋ [[Gold coast|Gold Coast]] ka ba nyɛ sommeŋɛ yi Britain 1957 poɔ.<ref name=":0">https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230361270_4</ref> Pan-Africanism, nɔmɛlmɛ neɛ, Nkrumah da e la mɛmba ko a organization of [[Africa|African]] unity ane neɛ naŋ di a Lenin peace prize yi a [[Soviet Union]] 1962 poɔ.<ref name=":1">https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public</ref> Yuomo pie ne ayi puoriŋ onaŋ wa be paaloŋ yobo tageraa o zannoo duoro saa, meɛrɛ o political philosophy ane nara ne o taa diasporic Pan-Africanists, Nkrumah leɛ wa la Gold Coast na piili o pɔletekal yɛlɛ naŋ e meŋɛ zɔɔ faabo. <ref name=":2">https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315018775</ref>O meɛ la Nɔdaa Paate (CPP), naŋ nyɛ baabo weoŋ yi o unprecedented appeal to the common voter. <ref>https://doi.org/10.5479%2Fsil.380651.39088006011662</ref>O leɛ la prime minister 1952 poɔ ane o leɛ are la ana vuo na Ghana naŋ wa nyɛ sommeŋɛ yi [[Britain]] 1957 poɔ. 1960 poɔ, Ghanaians da neɛ la nu iri bɛgɛ gampaalaa kyɛ ɛlɛte Nkrumah Yidaandɔɔ.<ref>https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctvk3gm60.17</ref> O naaŋ da are la socialist ane nationalist. O kaa la national industrial ane faŋa yɛlɛ, a eŋ baabo ganzanne eŋɛ oŋ e kpeɛŋaa ane a zɛge Pan-Africanist yipɔge oŋ do saa. Nkrumah wagere, Ghana toŋ la international yelerre yaga African a decolonization wagere.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-19455-4</ref> A zɔɔ maaroŋ wagere, Nkrumah da e la bone na a Wɛse naŋ maŋ boɔle ka authoritarian regime Ghana poɔ. Kwame Nkrumah ma yuori da la Elizabeth Nyanibah aŋ da yi Anon juriyɛ. Ka o ba meŋ yuori da e Kofi Nɡonloma aŋ da yi juriyɛ ŋa baŋ boɔna ka "Elephant". O da deɛ Helena Ritz Fathia Nkrumah baŋ da dɔɡe biihi bata, Francis Gokeh, Sarmiah Yarba aneŋ Sekou Ritz.<ref>"Kwame Nkrumah - Wikipedia" <nowiki>https://tw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah</nowiki></ref> == Yelkorɔ == === Pampana yelkorɔ === A Kumasi College ko Technology maŋ yuo la a 22 January 1952 neŋ 200 teekyare karembiiri naŋ yi Achimota wa, ka ba wa piili a a kolagyi. A October 1952, a sakuuri ko Engineering ane a Department ko Commerce da piilee naŋ da e a dɛndɛŋ soba. A Pharmacy Department da piilee January 1953, neŋ neɛ naŋ da e tontonna ko a Pharmacy yi a Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, ko a kolagyi. A department da zanna la yuomo ayi comprehensive course naŋ be a Pharmacy naŋ da vɛŋ ka ba maŋ terɛ Pharmacy Board Certificate. A Department ko a Agriculture meŋ da yuo la a yuoŋyeni ŋa poɔ naŋ da tere ad hoc zannoo dɔlɔ ko wagere mine, yi wagere fēē mine te wagere gyamaa mine, ko a Ministry of Agriculture. A Department ko General Studies da maalɛɛ ka o da wule biiri naŋ be Higher School Certificate Examinations kyaare Science ane Arts zanno dɔlɔ ane ka ba tere sobie zannoo dɔlɔ mine naŋ taa boɔbo mine ko departments sere mine. Yi 1952 te ta 1955, a sakuuri ko Engineering da kyɔɔrɛɛ sakubiiri kyaare neŋ professional qualifications yoŋ. A 1955, da taa la zannoo neŋ dɔlɔ mime naŋ da be a University of London Bachelor ko Engineering External Degree Examinations. A 1957, a sakuuri ko Architecture, Town Planning ane Building meŋ da piilee. A o sakubiiri dɛndɛŋ soba da piilee January 1958, kyaare professional zannoo dɔlɔ A kolagyi da yɔlɛɛ, o da eɛ a Kumasi kolagyi ko Technology naŋ da e science ane technology sakuuri. Mere naŋ beebe, a teekyɛre tureeni kolagyi, neŋ a ba paalebo ko Art Sakuuri, da la leɛre la yi January 1958, ko a Winneba tureeni kolagyi; a 1959 a Commerce Department da leɛre gaa la Achimota ka o da maale a Sakuuri kyaare Administration naŋ be a University of Ghana, Legon. A December 1960, a Gɔbena ko a Ghana da iree neɛ ko a University Commission ka o tere kpaamo kyaare neŋ a university zannoo saazu duobu yeltare, neŋ yeltare ka ba leɛre a University kolagyi gaaneŋ Ghana ane a Kumasi College of Technology gaaneŋ someŋɛ University of Ghana. Duoruu tuubu mine yi a commission naŋ da yi wieoŋ a 1961, a gɔbena da maalɛɛ a sommenne univɛnitiri naŋ be a Kumasi ane Legon, Accra. A Kumasi Kolagyi ko Technology da leɛre la gaa, yineŋ kaabo naŋ da be a R. P. Baffour, ko a full-fledged university, ane a yuori '''Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology''' yi a merɛ naŋ be a Parliament a 22 August 1961. A yuori da eɛ puoraa ko Kwame Nkrumah, naŋ e a dɛndɛŋ prime minister kyɛ ta wagere kaŋa da e a president ko a Ghana. A January 1966, Marr Grounds, naŋ e American/Australian yielŋmeɛrɛ naŋ kpeɛrɛ California, da nyɛ la iruuŋ kaŋa naŋ e karema ko a architecture a da maale yuomo ayi, kyɛ pãã da la leɛroo gaa a University of Sydney School ko Architecture, Design ane Planning a 1968. A yuori da taa leɛroo gaaneŋ University of Science ane Technology yi a zɔɔre puoriŋ a 24 February 1966. A University ko Science ane Technology da piilee a Wednesday, 20 November 1961. Neŋ a lɛ zaa, a merɛ kaŋa a Parliament (Act 559 a 1998) da leɛrɛɛ a yuori gaaneŋ a yuori meŋɛ waaloŋ, a Kwame Nkrumah University ko Science ane Technology, Kumasi. == Kampuusiri == === Kumasi kampuusi === A Kumasi kampuusi la a kampuusi kpoŋ ko a university. O na baŋ taɛ mɛlɛ ayɔpoi a zieŋ ane mɛlɛ anii (13 km) ko a east a Kumasi. O taa la a Central Administration ane deri menne mine. === Obuasi kampuusi === A Obuasi kampuusi piiluu saŋa da la a 4 November 2020 neŋ o da naŋ taa a inception a yuoni 2019 gba. O taa la 15 undergraduate programmes, naŋ e zannoo dɔlɔ ayɔpoi ko Engineering programmes, zannoo dɔlɔ anaare ko Business Administration programmes, zannoo dɔlɔ ata ko Allied Health Sciences programmes ane zannoo dɔlɔ yeni ko Science programme. == Organization ane administration == === Principal ɔfisiri === A principal officers ko a university la a chancellor, chairman ko a University Council ane vice-chancellor. A 2018, a wederoŋ vuo kyaare a chancellor da taa soɔbo ko a Asantehene Otumfuo Osei Tutu II. == Nyovori piiloo ane kanno-yelitaree == === Gold Coast === Kwame Nkrumah dogebu da e la Tuesday daare , 21 September 1909 <ref>https://www.mkgandhi.org/articles/nonviolence-of-Mahatma-Gandhi-in-Ghana.html</ref><ref>https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsehistory/2018/10/10/kwame-nkrumah-lse/</ref>a [[Nkroful, Gold Coast]] (now Ghana)<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1964/01/03/archives/man-in-the-news-an-african-enigma-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>. [[Nkroful]] da e la kuri bile a [[Nzema]] area, nang be a southwest ko a Gold Coast, nang pieli a frontier ning a French colony a ko a [[Ivory Coast.]] O ba da ba kpeira ning o yideme , kye da tona a [[Half Assini]] ziena ung zanne o goldsmith daabu yelitarihi awaana o kuung<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230205164542/https://www.uew.edu.gh/lib-fetured/ghana-autobiography-kwame-nkrumah</ref>. Kwame Nkrumah o ma ane yideme da guoloo, noba nang lang kpeira ane lasiri kye taa dogeriba nang be toori nang mang wa nyeba wagere ne wagere.O da kpeiree peenhibu o biibiilong wagere , a kuraa poung , a moo puong, nang da pieli a mani <ref>https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumah00davi</ref>. Wagere na o nang da be a sakuuri bie a [[United States]], ba da buonoo ka Francis Nwia Kofi Nkrumah, Kofi da e la [[Akan]] yuori ba nang mang ku dɔɔ ba doge Fridays<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press</ref>. Pouring ung leuhi a youri gaa Kwame Nkrumah in 1945 in the UK,yoe buoraa "Kwame"<ref>https://www.primenewsghana.com/politics/kwame-nkrumah-memorial-day-dr-kwame-nkrumah-a-son-of-the-soil.html</ref><ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>. A duoho a yi Ebenezer Obiri Addo o karembo gaa nimbituori paalikaara, a yuori "Nkrumah", a lasiri yuori ba nang mang ko a ninth child, wolee ka Kwame ‘mine kangang nyee zie a o Ba deu , nie nang taa poeba gyemaa<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201018205429/http://www.tvafrique.com/kwame-nkrumah/</ref>. O Ba, Opanyin Kofi Nwiana Ngolomah, yie Nkroful nang be a Nzema East pampana ba buola Ellembele, ung da e a Asona clan of the Akan Tribe. ziiri wolee ka Ngolomah kpee a [[Tarkwa-Nsuaem]] ane ung tung a goldsmith business<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170820160658/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/200909/27258.php</ref>. Ngolomah da taa gyirima ko a yeng ane kawani ko noba nang boura kawani yi o lasiri yela ane deu yele-taaree.O da kpiye ayuoni 1927<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170817034351/http://www.nkrumahinfobank.org/article.php?id=100&c=11</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>. Kwame da e la o Ma biyeni <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-0785-8</ref>. O gaanoo a elementary school nang da kaara yi a Catholic mission a Half Assini, ziena ung a sagi ka o e ye sakuri bizigilii<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref> . Anaazaa ka o Ma , nie ba nang da buola Elizabeth Nyanibah (1876/77–1979)<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170821212904/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/Archive/2000/499/profile.htm</ref>, puoring da leu yelee ka dogibo bebiri 1912, Nkrumah segee ka o dogibo bebiri e la 21 September 1909. O Ma yire e la Nsuaem kye ung yi a Agona family. o da e la zingkuora ane yaagu e-ra wagere ung da kuli sera<ref>https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.u158013</ref>. o dogibo beri anii puoring , o Ba da buoloo ka Francis Nwia-Kofi o nang da e dogera <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&pg=PA1</ref>kanga yuori,puori ka o ba ne o ma koo ka Francis Kwame Ngolomah<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170820160658/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/200909/27258.php</ref> O ‘nimbi-toori gaabu ning a yuon- pie fora-yeli-irihi yuomo anii puong . A yuoni 1925, o da e la bibiiri karemkanna a sakuri ane ung da e [[baptized]] nang be [[Catholic faith]]<ref>https://doi.org/10.1086%2F454260</ref>.kye da be a sakuuu ,noba buoloo ka [[Reverend Alec Garden Fraser]], ning kpong ko a Government Training College (soon to become [[Achimota School]]) nang be a Gold Coast's capital, Accra. Fraser maali ‘bing ko Nkrumah ka o zanne ŋa a karema nang be sakuu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFOwusu-Ansah</ref> . ziena[[, Columbia]]-educated deputy headmaster [[Kwegyir Aggrey]] da e-roo kyaare a teiha yi Marcus Garvey ane W. E. B. Du Bois. Aggrey, Fraser, ane ning jaani a Achimota puong anaazaa ka langtaa na bilabe ko a baloo kpachage nang kaara a Gold Coast, kye Nkrumah, echoing Garvey, leu wa teiha ka ningsagne baloo minga kaabo da naang tuong taa haakili‘yeni ba buuri kpachaga<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFAddo</ref>. Ung da nye o karima mine sieree gbangu yi a [[Prince of Wales' College]] a Achimota a yuoni 1930<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>, Nkrumah da nyee karembu toma nang be Roman Catholic primary school in [[Elmina]] a yuoni 1931<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html</ref>. A pari a pari yuoni boyeni, o da e la a karima mine ning kpong ko a [[Axim]]. A Axim, o da piilee kpieree paalikaa yelitarihikye leu te be a Nzema Literary Society. A yuoni 1933, ba e-roo ung e karema ko a Catholic seminary at Amissano<ref>https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28819/1/10672987.pdf</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref>. Anaazaa ka be kpiebo da e la tuo ,kye o un da nung bila, ane o na da buora ka o leu Jesuit. Nkrumah o da wonye a ‘duohi-seura ane nimbituri [[Nigerian]] paalikaara [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] yela kye sukuri biiri a Achimota; a daba bai da nyee taa kye <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref> Azikiwe's haakila teibo da paahi Nkrumah nungbo a black nationalism<ref>https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195301731.013.40103</ref>.A karema bile da buora ka o karim gaa nimbituori. Azikiwe da gaa la [[Lincoln University,]] a [[historically black college]] nang be [[Chester County, Pennsylvania]], west ko [[Philadelphia]], kye e Nkrumah kawani ka o kpe be<ref>https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230603486</ref>. Nkrumah,da fieliye u daanuori; teesi ko a [[London University]],o da nyee sungbo ko o yuobo ane o sakuuri yelitaree yi o dogereba seng .o da chenye gaa [[Britain]], ziena ung zanne, ko o nimbikuoniiyi Italy's ngmaabu ko [[Ethiopia]], a paaloo bonyeni kanga yi a independent African nations. o da gaa a [[United States]], a October 1935<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/222725</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref> === United States === A yi ayeli’kori seuseura [[John Henrik Clarke]] o atiklehi ku a Nkrumah's American sojourn, " a haakila leubo yi a yuom-pie ung nang da be a [[United States]] da taa naaribo jeri nyiibu ko o nyovore chelee nang kpaling." Nkrumah da moo nye kpiebu ko [[Lincoln University]] wagere kanga seni ung piilee karembo a beng<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFClarke</ref>. Nkrumah da baaree a Bachelor of Arts degree a economics ane sociology a yuoni 1939. Lincoln leu e-roo ung e‘wuliwulo sungna a bambu bii daanhibu buobu.O da piilii diaree buolibo ka o e a saamba nie ang muola Ngmini yela a Presbyterian churches in Philadelphia ane New York<ref>https://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11427/9290/thesis_hum_2014_opokumensah_e.pdf?sequence=1</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200602070935/https://www.mtkenyatimes.co.ke/auto-draft-3/</ref>. A yuoni 1939, Nkrumah da kpe a Lincoln's seminary ane a [[Ivy League institution]], a University of Pennsylvania nang be Philadelphia ane a yuoni 1942,o da piilii tuni a Mu chapter of [[Phi Beta Sigma fraternity at Lincoln University]]<ref>https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2067&context=etd</ref>. Nkrumah nyee a Bachelor of Theology degree yi a Lincoln a 1942, a karembi-zudaana a koose . O sanyeu diabo yi a Penn a tuuro a yuoni a Master ko Arts degree nang be philosophy ane a Master of Science in education<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref>. Wagere a Penn, Nkrumah tomee ning a kokojera ‘wono [[William Everett Welmers]], a kuro a yelibo bungma nang maali a munpiilee ku a fora descriptive grammar ko a teng-be [[Fante dialect]] of the [[Akan language]]. Nkrumah ming da piilee tuma ning a [[Prince Hall Freemasonry]] kye da kpiera a United States<ref>https://aha.confex.com/aha/2009/webprogram/Paper2449.html</ref><ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Special-Tribute-to-Dr-Kwame-Nkrumah-286481</ref>. Nkrumah da kannee bukuri agaa paalikaa yelitarihi ane Ngminihung yela zannuu , ane biirii karembo a bambu bii daanhibu buobu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#cite_note-63</ref>. A yuoni 1943 Nkrumah da nyee [[Trinidadian]] Marxist [[C. L. R. James,]] Russaian long paalijaala [[Raya Dunayevskaya]], ane Chinese-American Grace Lee Boggs,ba zaa da e la membare ko a American-based Marxist intellectual [[Cohort.|cohort]]<ref>https://www.africanglobe.net/featured/dr-kwame-nkrumah/</ref>[[Cohort.|.]] Nkrumah puoring da tiehi yeli ‘ku ye James ning o karembo "bila tenge muni toma chene mang be<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref> ". [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] gbama ing’zie ko Nkrumah, kpeling yi a January to May 1945,da wuloo nie ang tuong sagi ‘komunizim<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref>. Nkrumah da e la siiri ka o gaa London, a buora ka o nang kanne gaa ‘nimbi-toori a [[Second World War]] da baaree<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAddo70-67</ref> . James, a yuoni1945 puori wulee Nkrumah to [[Trinidad-born]] George Padmore a London,seuye: " A dau baapaala waana o zie .O da ba e nimbiyuoro,kye anaa-zaa da erakura o le ne ung na tuong bonso o da eraa siri ka o za Europeans yi a Africa<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref>." === London === Nkrumah da leu gaaye London a May 1945 puong kye kpe a [[London School of Economics]] aŋa a PhD ning‘lugiroo a [[Anthropology]]. O da leu eree a sukuu ‘biihi ‘yuobu ti ta ba bahibu puoring a yuoni pring ung da kpe [[University College London]], ning a nimbi-zie ing ka o seu a bambu bii daanhibu buobu siing lemeleme a "Knowledge and Logical Positivism"<ref>https://doi.org/10.1086%2F649838</ref>. o ningkpong , [[A. J. Ayer]], zaanhibu ka o maahi nye Nkrumah aŋa a "first-class philosopher",a yela , "ing nungla o yela ane a mang ‘wong noo ning o yeliyaga kye o da ba ‘woning wa ung taa haakila . O da buora ‘ihi jugihibu nuori wieng ‘wieng. ing teiha ka tilahi chelee da e la ka o da ba cheliha kpiengaa ko a yelinyogiruu . bila da e la sori nang wono a wagere a gara ka a sori ‘yuobu wa ka o leu gaa Gaana<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref> ." A baaraa , Nkrumah da kpee , kye da ba baare , a karimbo ko begu a [[Gray's Inn]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFSherwood</ref>. Nkrumah dia o wagere ko paalikaa-yelitare langbo o minga ane Padmore da paahiye a zu-daana lambu ‘yi-diereba, ane libi-kaareba ,ko a Fifth [[Pan-African]] Congress a Manchester (15–19 October 1945)<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=rqYEhtONIBgC</ref>. A gbebogu-ahiba langbo ‘bigihi ta a ''.''taanhu yelitarihi segihibu ko a vuori saamba wa die paaluu kaara.Ba da sagi a ‘tu bau a federal United States of Africa, ning with liriha taa paaloo lambo, a kaara yi welihibo paalihi ko ngmaa sori berii kpiengu<ref>https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-954X.00231</ref>. Ba da segehiye a tu bau ko a new African lasiri kye ba taa dogirii welibu,yeli ka-n-yeli naang yela ning lang’dima tumbo, laanha lanna taaba dangkaari yeli ‘lombori kanga ning bungpaalaa tiehibo , ane ka a bila nga nye yi non-violent wulee ka a na e la tuongbo<ref>http://www.jpanafrican.com/docs/vol2no3/GhanasForeignPolicyAtIndependenceAnd.pdf</ref>. A paahi noba nang gaa a lambo da e la bungtiinhuu [[W. E. B. Du Bois]] a ning mine nang da dia yidiebo toma ka ba e yi-dieriba ko a paaloo so-n-minga deme a paahi [[Hastings Banda]] of [[Nyasaland]] (nang leu Malawi), [[Jomo Kenyatta]] ko [[Kenya]] ane [[Obafemi Awolowo]] ko[[Nigeria]]<ref>https://www.ippmedia.com/en/features/running-away-our-own-shadows</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah#CITEREFRooney</ref>. == 1966 coup d'état == See also: [[National Liberation Council § 1966 coup]] A February 1966, kye ka Nkrumah da bila sori gara ka o ta nye a [[North Vietnam]] ane China, o paalikaa da ihi nie naalung ‘kogong a miihuu ''coup d'état'' ang dia zu yi a paaloo [[military]] ane [[police]] forces, ning sungbu yi a civil service<ref>https://ghanaremembers.com/stories/people/kwame-nkrumah-a-biography-of-ghanas-first-president.html</ref>. A noba nang da buora ka ba toung beu conspirators, ‘yie diera da e-ye [[Joseph Arthur Ankrah,]] da kuye ba mine yuori ka a [[National Liberation Council]] ane o kaabo awa soje yela paalikaabo yuomo ata agaa . Nkrumah da zanne ko a coup sene ung da te-ta a China. A coup puoring,Nkrumah da kpee a Beijing beri anaare, ane Premier [[Zhou Enlai]] da kaakoo ning gyirima <ref>https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00064246.1972.11431232</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/news/876767/the-confused-moments-of-nkrumah-in-china-after-the-coup.html</ref>. == Foomaraa leubu ane kuung == Main article: [[Death and state funeral of Kwame Nkrumah]] Nkrumah kpeing a 27 April 1972, a [[Bucharest]], a teng kpong ku a [[Romania]],ko yela babanginuu kye ang ba sogili baalung. a coup wagere , o daang kpiera a Guinean teng-kpong ko Conakry, ang jeng ‘tengeng wagiri nga. == Daanhibu ane Cheng bung == O wagere, Nkrumah da nyee Kyɔɔtaɛ ko awarded honorary doctorates yi universities jemaa a paahi [[Lincoln University (Pennsylvania), Moscow State University]] (USSR), [[Cairo University]] ([[Egypt]]), [[Jagiellonian University]] [[(Poland]]), ane [[Humboldt University (East Germany)]]<ref>http://www.kwamenkrumahcentenary.org/esi_speech.html</ref>. A yi a ‘nimbiyuo ‘sieree gbanseu ‘binnuu barebo yi a [[U.S. Department of State's Office of the Historian]], "Nkrumah da e-ree yele gyemaa ka o ligiri bung ‘muning ko a [U.S. government] buobo gang a black African jaa<ref>https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v26/d201</ref> ." A September 2009, President [[John Atta Mills]] da wulee a 21 September (the 100th anniversary of Kwame Nkrumah's birth) ung e a [[Founders' Day]], a kparaama pennuu ‘bebiri a Gaana ka ba teihe a nabaali yela ko Kwame Nkrumah<ref>http://www.modernghana.com/news/236431/1/nkrumahs-birthday-declared-a-holiday.html</ref>. A April 2019, President Akufo-Addo da sagi ku a Public Holidays (Amendment) Act 2019 nang leure a 21 September yi Founders' Day gaa[[Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Day]]<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/President-Akufo-Addo-assents-to-Public-Holidays-Amendment-Act-2019-744767</ref>. == Meŋa nyɔvore-yele == Kwame Nkrumah kulee [[Fathia Ritzk]], an [[Egyptian Coptic]] bank tongtuna ane sakuuri karema koree , a ‘zi-maanii o na da waana a Gaana pou: New Year's Eve, 1957–1958<ref>http://www.nathanielturner.com/fathiankrumahfarewell.htm</ref>. Fathia's ma da zaahiye ka o buoli ngmini ko o ba kuli-taa yele ne puong, o bie kanga nang da yi ne a dau saana<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200610125740/https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/here-are-all-the-first-ladies-of-ghana-since-independence/0l2k3hw</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/1095/fathia-the-rock-of-the-nkrumah-family.html</ref>. Aŋa kuli-taa deme, Fathia ane Nkrumah da taa biiri bata : Gamal (born 1958), Samia (born 1960) ane Sekou (born 1964). [[Gamal]] da e la ‘duohi-saamba gbangu seura , ky ka [[Samia]] ane Sekou ming da e la paalikaa tuntuniba . Nkrumah da taa bidau zaala, Francis, a paediatrician (born 1935)<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20181019075818/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2014/September-22nd/africa-must-re-examine-implement-nkrumahs-ideas-francis-nkrumah.php</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190406213932/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Kwame-Nkrumah-s-unknown-son-surfaces-235004</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190904212017/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/social/201507/249589.php</ref><ref>https://www.knust.edu.gh/about/knust/history</ref>. == O Yeli yaɡa Ŋmaara Mine == "N nuŋ yɛŋ ka N so n meŋa kyɛ be dɔɡee poɔŋ ɡaa ka N ta so n meŋa" "Ghana meŋa soubu ba tare tɔna jaa ka Africa paaluu jaa ba so o meŋa" "Africa taree sɔre ka te laŋtaa" "Nimitɔɔre ɡaabu yoŋ, boɔre ɡaabu kyibe" "Eŋ ba e neɛ aŋ yɛli ka N yie Africa baŋ dɔɡe ma Africa kye juŋ, eŋ eɛ neɛ aŋ yi Africa bojuŋ ba dɔɡee Africa eŋ eŋan" "Te ihee panpana. Te daŋ kula ɡbihi jaa. Aŋ yi jine ɡara, Africa paalaa waɛ dunee" "Ka neɛ era yɛla kyɛ ba tieha eɛ yelkpala. Ka neɛ tieha kyɛ ba ihi era eɛ wa jɔŋloŋ"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> "Neɛ jaa aŋ yi Africa, ka e bie "North" bee "South America", "Carrabean" dɛme bee dunee lombori jiejaa baŋ be eɛ nuba aŋ yi Africa"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> "Meŋa soɔbu ba e boŋ eŋ na de ko neɛ a wa kyeotaa. Yɛ boŋ la neɛ meŋ jaa koŋ baŋ bimuu koɛ"<ref>"20 memorable quotes by Kwame Nkrumah" <nowiki>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/20-memorable-quotes-by-Kwame-Nkrumah-782725</nowiki></ref> ==== vuune toma mine ==== Nkrumah's da terɛɛ sommo ko a industrial development, sommo ko a Minister of Finance, Komla Agbeli Gbedema, ko a Volta River Project: a Meɛbo ko a hydroelectric power plant, a Akosombo Dam kyaare a Volta River a eastern Ghana. A Volta River Project da la a duoruu terɛ ko Nkrumah's economic programme. A 20 February 1958, o da yeli ko la National Assembly: "n taa la sagedeebo kpeɛŋaa ko a Volta River Project naŋ maŋ terɛ a sobie naŋ maŋ vɛŋ ka te kpɛ a economic independence." Ghana da nyɛ sommo yi United States, Israel ane a World Bank ka ba mɛ dampo. Kaiser Aluminum da sagɛɛ ka ba da mɛ a dampo ko Nkrumah, kyɛ da are neŋ feeroŋ neŋ boma na ba naŋ na de maale neŋ a fintindigili. Nkrumah da pɛŋɛɛ libie ka ba da mɛ neŋ a dampo, naŋ da vɛŋ sanne da be a Ghana. Ka ba da soŋ yɔɔ a sane, o da duorɛɛŋ zuyɔɔ naŋ be cocoa koɔreba a south. Ŋaa da vɛŋɛɛ nimikpɛ yɛlɛ da bebe. A dampo Meɛbo da baarɛɛ kyɛ naŋ piili a Nkrumah amidst global publicity a 22 January 1966. Nkrumah da wanne la Ghana Nuclear Reactor Project a 1961, naŋ taa piiluu a Ghana Atomic Energy Commission a 1963, ane a 1964 naŋ da vɛŋ a kuuri dɛndɛŋ ka o da e a atomic energy facility. ==== Cocoa ==== A 1954 a tendaa zaa cocoa daaroŋ da zɛge do ko a cocoa koɔba ka ba are ko windfall, Nkrumah da senne neŋ la a duobu ko central government levies, naŋ da vɛŋ ka o da areko a national development projects. A yɛlɛ ama mine da soŋ o la ka o da la do wederoŋ. Boma daaroŋ da naŋ duoro saa. A 1960 a cocoa baagyi daaroŋ da arɛɛ £250 a London. A August 1965 a daaroŋ da arɛɛ £91. A daaroŋ duobu da sigee yi a Gɔbena naŋ da areko a boŋguri ane koɔba ka ba da nyɛ a arekoobo. === Saakonnoŋ === Nkrumah da eɛ ardent promoterko a pan-Africanism, naŋ nyɛ gaabo e ''"quest for regional integration of the whole of the African continent"''. A saŋa ko Nkrumah's nimizeeloŋ ko politisi taa la mannoo naŋ e "golden age of high pan-African ambitions"; a continent da nyɛɛ nationalist movements ane decolonization ko a European colonial powers, ane historians da nyɛ la duoruu ka "a mannoo ane solidarity da nyɛɛ momentum naŋ be a pan-Africanist movement". Naŋ leɛ teɛre African heritage, Nkrumah gbɛɛ gyamaa na maŋ eschewed Western fashion, donning a fugu (a Northern attire) naŋ taa Southern-produced Kente cloth, a banaa taa la bambo. O da paalɛɛ a piiluu a Ghana Museum a 5 March 1957; a Arts Council of Ghana, a wing ko a Ministry of Education ane Culture, a 1958; a Research Library a African Affairs a June 1961; ane a Ghana Film Corporation a 1964. A 1962, Nkrumah naŋ taa yuobu a Institute of African Studies. A campaign yineŋ nudity naŋ be a northern naŋ paale a teŋɛ naŋ nyɛ special attention yi Nkrumah, naŋ da nyɛ Propaganda Secretary Hannah Cudjoe ka ba tere yeluu. Cudjoe meŋ da maalɛɛ a Ghana Women's League, naŋ da zɛge a Party's agenda kyaare nutrition, biiri guoluu, ane bonsuuri suubu. A League meŋ da la yi la zɔɔre naŋ da taa sommo ko French nuclear weapons a Sahara. Cudjoe wasda iree consolidation kyaare national women's groups, a da vɛŋ sentaaloŋ be a Party poɔŋ. Merɛ da bebe a 1959 ane 1960 naŋ da kyaare wederoŋ mine a parliament naŋ da taa wederoŋ neŋ pɔge. Pɔgeba mine da taa la zɛgebo gaa CPP Central Committee. Pɔgeba gyamaa da gaa la Yunivɛniti, a da furi tonsonne mine teseŋ medicine ane law, kyɛ da la gaa neŋ professional trips a Israel, a Soviet Union, ane a Eastern Bloc. Pɔgeba meŋ da kpɛɛ sogyaaloŋ ane air force. Pɔgeba gyamaa da be la koɔbo ane yɛroŋ; bamine da nyɛɛ sommo yi Co-operative Movement. Nkrumah's enfuomo da yɛre pɔgɛɛ a zie zaa, teseŋ, a postage stamps ane a libie, naŋ taa yitaaloŋ neŋ monarchs – naŋ terɛ fodder gɛgɛroŋ naŋ bebe ko Nkrumahist ka o paalɛɛ kɔlt. ==== Increased power of the Convention People's Party ==== A 1962, baapaaba Mɛmbare bata mine naŋ be CPP da taa la eebo kyaare plot ka ba da saa Nkrumah's lɔɔrɛ naŋ be a motorcade. A yelmennoŋ naŋ be kyaare a plotters la na da zoe a lɔɔrɛ yineŋ a Nkrumah's lɔɔrɛ. A naŋ wuli ka a guguro da bebe la, Nkrumah da iree a guguro o tomaŋ naŋ be a state security court, kyɛ da vɛŋ a CPP-dominated parliament biŋ merɛ kyaare ne a yɛlɛ. A gbɛre boyi soba, dɔba bata zaa da taa kūū yi a yɛlɛ, kyɛ a naŋ wuli ka a nyɔgebo ŋa da wuli ka ba gaa pɔgebo dieŋ a ba nyɔvori gbuli zaa. Yi a be, a begemaale ganne da leɛ taa maalo kaa ba da ko a perɛsidɛn faŋa ka o da iri a gyaagyiri naŋ be a ɔfere naŋ zaa. A 1964, Nkrumah da maalɛɛ begimaaale ganne yɛlɛ leɛroo naŋ na vɛŋ a CPP ka o da e a politikal paate naŋ taa sagedeebo, neŋ Nkrumah ka o e a perɛsidɛn ko a teŋɛ ane a paati.Gane leɛroo da taa la sagedeebo neŋ 99.91 % yi a kɔɔ poɔ vootu bie, naŋ da vɛŋ a noba banaŋ na da kaara ka ba da yeli yelgaalema ka a vootu da eɛ "obviously rigged". Ghana da eɛ teŋɛ neŋ paati yeni yi a ba independence. A leɛroo da vɛŋɛɛ Nkrumah's perɛsidɛn da leɛ gaa a ''de facto'' legal dictatorship. === Civil service === Yi a puori kyaare substantial Africanization ko a civil service a 1952–60, a noɔre ko a expatriates da la zɛge do la saa a 1960 te ta 1965. A noba ba naŋ na kaara yiwaabo zie da ba e a United Kingdom kyɛ da e Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, ane Italy. ==Kyɔɔtaɛ== ===Tenne mine Kyɔɔtaɛ=== {{Clear}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |- ! style="width:90px;" | Ribbon ! style="width:350px;" | Distinction ! style="width:120px;" | Country ! style="width:120px;" | Date ! Reference |- | [[File:EGY Order of the Nile - Grand Cordon BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Nile]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Egypt|1922}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1957 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite book |editor1-last=Danquah |editor1-first=Moses |title=Ghana: One Year Old. A First Independence Anniversary Review |date=1958 |publisher=Publicity Promotions |location=Accra |page=32 |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/2008700208/ |access-date=5 May 2025}} |- | [[File:LBN National Order of the Cedar - Grand Cordon BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cordon of the [[National Order of the Cedar]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Lebanon}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1957 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- | [[File:Order of the Yugoslavian Great Star Rib.png|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | [[Order of the Yugoslav Star|Order of the Yugoslav Great Star]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Yugoslavia|1946}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2 March 1961 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite news |title=Председник Тито предао председнику Нкрумаху Ореден велике југословенске звезде |url=http://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp%7Cissue:UB_00064_19610303%7Cpage:4%7Cquery:%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%20%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%20%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5 |access-date=6 May 2025 |work=[[Borba (newspaper)|Borba]] |date=3 March 1961 |language=sr}} |- | [[File:CZE Rad Bileho Lva 3 tridy BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Collar of the [[Order of the White Lion]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Czechoslovakia}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2 August 1961 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=Československý řád Bílého lva 1923–1990 |url=https://www.prazskyhradarchiv.cz/file/edee/vyznamenani/cs_rbl.pdf |publisher=Archivu Kanceláře prezidenta republiky |access-date=5 May 2025 |page=130 |language=cs}} |- | [[File:Order of the Elephant Ribbon bar.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | [[Lenin Peace Prize]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Soviet Union|1955}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 30 April 1962 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite news |title=Picasso Gets Lenin Prize |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1873&dat=19620501&id=dsAeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bsoEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6210,37008 |access-date=6 May 2025 |work=Daytona Beach Morning Journal |date=1 May 1962}} |- | [[File:Cordone di gran Croce di Gran Cordone OMRI BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Italy}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 25 September 1963 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=Elenco dei Cavalieri di Gran Croce, decorati di Gran Cordone dell'Ordine, defunti |url=https://archivio.quirinale.it/materiali-pubblicazioni/onorificenze/ASPR_Onorificenze_Cavalieri_di_Gran_Croce_Gran_Cordone.pdf |publisher=Portale storico della Presidenza della Repubblica |access-date=5 May 2025 |language=it}} |- | [[File:POL Polonia Restituta Wielki BAR.svg|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Grand Cross of the [[Order of Polonia Restituta]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|Poland}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 1965 | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite book |last1=Stela |first1=Wojciech |title=Polskie ordery i odznaczenia (Vol. I) |date=2008 |location=Warsaw |page=49}} |- | [[File:Order of the Companions of O.R. Tambo (ribbon bar).gif|80px]] | style="font-size:90%;" | Supreme Companion of the [[Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo]] | style="font-size:90%;" | {{flag|South Africa}} | style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 16 June 2004(posthumously) | style="font-size:90%;" | {{cite web |title=2004 National Orders awards |url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/people/nationalorders2004.htm |website=SouthAfrica.info |access-date=5 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204092331/http://www.southafrica.info/about/people/nationalorders2004.htm#.VrMYl-zP32c |archive-date=4 February 2016}} |} ==Kwame Nkrumah Toma O Naŋ Toŋ== [[File:1989 CPA 6101.jpg|thumb|right|A postage stamp from the [[Soviet Union]] marking the 80th anniversary of his birth]] [[File:Independence Arch - Accra, Ghana1.jpg|thumb|Independence Arch in Accra]] * "Negro History: European Government in Africa", ''The Lincolnian'', 12 April 1938, p.&nbsp;2 (Lincoln University, Pennsylvania) – see [https://web.archive.org/web/20090817175003/http://www.lincoln.edu/library/project.html Special Collections and Archives, Lincoln University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817175003/http://www.lincoln.edu/library/project.html |date=17 August 2009 }}{{Cite journal|last=Bontemps|first=Arna|date=20 April 2017|title=Lincoln and the Negro|journal=University of Illinois Press|volume=1|doi=10.5406/illinois/9780252037696.003.0005}} * "Primitive Education in West Africa," ''Educational Outlook,'' January 1941 (University of Pennsylvania). [https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-primitive-education/ See] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303212548/https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-primitive-education/ |date=3 March 2024 }} * "Education and Nationalism in Africa," ''Educational Outlook,'' November 1943 (University of Pennsylvania). [https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-education-nationalism/ See] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303212548/https://archives.upenn.edu/digitized-resources/docs-pubs/nkrumah/nkrumah-education-nationalism/ |date=3 March 2024 }} * ''Ghana: The Autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah'' (1957). {{ISBN|0-901787-60-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Ghana: the autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah|date=2002|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-60-4|edition=Africa's 100 best books|location=London|oclc=51932153}} * ''Africa Must Unite'' (1963). {{ISBN|0-901787-13-2}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Africa must unite|date=1963|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-13-2|location=London|oclc=6567302}} * ''African Personality'' (1963){{Cite book|last=Mead, Margaret |title=Technique & personality|date=1963|publisher=Museum of Primitive Art|oclc=603547274}} {{blockquote|The essence of neo-colonialism is that the State which is subject to it is, in theory, independent and has all the outward trappings of international sovereignty. In reality its economic system and thus its political policy is directed from outside.|Introduction}} * ''Neo-Colonialism, the Last Stage of Imperialism'' (1965){{Cite journal|last1=Tiger|first1=Lionel|last2=Nkrumah|first2=Kwame|date=1966|title=Neo-Colonialism. The Last Stage of Imperialism|journal=International Journal|volume=22|issue=1|pages=161|doi=10.2307/40199801|jstor=40199801|s2cid=143584107 |issn=0020-7020}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Neo-colonialism: the last stage of imperialism.|date=1990|publisher=Panaf|oclc=59982527}} * ''Axioms of Kwame Nkrumah'' (1967). {{ISBN|0-901787-54-X}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Kwame Nkrumah: the Conakry years, his life and letters|date=1990|publisher=PANAF|others=Milne, June 1920–|isbn=0-901787-53-1|location=London|oclc=22733303}} * ''African Socialism Revisited'' (1967){{Cite journal|date=October 1967|title=African Socialism|journal=International Affairs|volume=43|issue=4|pages=779|doi=10.1093/ia/43.4.779|issn=1468-2346}} * ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nGB1AAAAMAAJ Challenge of the Congo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405030326/https://books.google.com/books?id=nGB1AAAAMAAJ |date=5 April 2023 }}'' (1967) *''Voice From Conakry'' (1967). {{ISBN|90-17-87027-3}} * ''Dark Days in Ghana'' (1968). {{ISBN|0-7178-0046-6}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Dark days in Ghana|date=1972|publisher=Internat. Publ|isbn=0-7178-0046-6|edition=Repr|location=New York|oclc=796074108}} * ''Handbook of Revolutionary Warfare'' (1968). {{ISBN|0-7178-0226-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Handbook of revolutionary warfare: a guide to the armed phase of the African revolution|date=1975|publisher=International Publishers|isbn=0-7178-0226-4|edition=1st U.S.|location=New York|oclc=8095708}} * ''The Way Out, "Civilian Rule" Fraud and A Call for Positive Action and Armed Struggle'' (1970){{Cite book |last=Nkrumah |first=Kwame |title=The Way Out, "Civilian Rule" Fraud and A Call for Positive Action and Armed Struggle |publisher=Panaf Books |year=1970 |edition=Reprinted |location=University of London, Senate House Library} * ''Consciencism: Philosophy and Ideology for De-Colonisation'' (1970). {{ISBN|0-901787-11-6}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Consciencism: philosophy and ideology for decolonisation|date=1978|publisher=Panaf|isbn=0-901787-11-6|location=London|oclc=16613918}} * ''Class Struggle in Africa'' (1970). {{ISBN|0-901787-12-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Class struggle in Africa.|date=1970|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-12-4|location=London|oclc=153293}} * ''The Struggle Continues'' (1973). {{ISBN|0-901787-41-8}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=The struggle continues: six ... pamphlets|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-41-8|location=London|oclc=3073780} * ''I Speak of Freedom'' (1973). {{ISBN|0-901787-14-0}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=I speak of freedom|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-14-0|location=London |oclc=16236424}} * ''Revolutionary Path'' (1973). {{ISBN|978-0-901787-22-4}}{{Cite book|last=Nkrumah, Kwame |title=Revolutionary path.|date=1973|publisher=Panaf Books Ltd|isbn=0-901787-22-1|location=London|oclc=764869}} == Tigri == Yelyaga boɔbo leɛ kaa Kwame Nkrumah tigiri == Meŋ Kaa Kyɛ == Nkrumah gɔbena == Kyɛle kyɛ == {{notelist}} == Meŋɛ Nyɔvooroŋ == * {{Cite book |last=Addo |first=Ebenezer Obiri |title=Kwame Nkrumah: A Case Study of Religion and Politics in Ghana |publisher=University Press of America|year=1997 |isbn=978-0-7618-0785-8|ref={{sfnRef|Addo}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Birmingham |first=David |title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Father of African Nationalism |publisher=Ohio University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8214-1242-8|ref={{sfnRef|Birmingham}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Bourret |first=F. M. |title=Ghana—The Road to Independence |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1960|edition=Revised|orig-date=1949 |oclc= 414362 |ref={{sfnRef|Bourret}} }} * {{cite journal |title=Kwame Nkrumah: His years in America|last=Clarke|first=John Henrik|volume=6|issue=2|date=October 1974|journal=[[The Black Scholar]]|pages=9–16|doi=10.1080/00064246.1974.11431459 |jstor=41065759|s2cid=141785632 |ref={{sfnRef|Clarke}} }} * {{cite book |last=Fuller|first=Harcourt|year=2014|title=Building the Ghanaian Nation-State|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-44856-9 |ref={{sfnRef|Fuller}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Mazrui |first=Ali |author-link=Ali Mazrui|title=Nkrumah's Legacy and Africa's Triple Heritage Between Globalization and Counter Terrorism |publisher=Ghana Universities Press|year=2004 |isbn=978-9964-3-0296-2|ref={{sfnRef|Mazrui}} }} * {{Cite book |last=Owusu-Ansah |first=David |title=Biographical Dictionary of Ghana |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-8108-7242-4|edition=4th|ref={{sfnRef|Owusu-Ansah}} }} * {{Cite book|last=Rooney|first=David|year=1988|title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Political Kingdom in the Third World|publisher=St. Martin's Press|ref={{sfnRef|Rooney}}|isbn=978-0-312-02479-6|url=https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumah00davi}} * {{Cite book|last=Sherwood|first=Marika|author-link=Marika Sherwood|year=1996|title=Kwame Nkrumah: The Years Abroad 1935–1947|publisher=Freedom Publications|isbn=978-9988-7716-0-7|ref={{sfnRef|Sherwood}}|url=https://archive.org/details/kwamenkrumahyear00sher_0}} * {{Cite book |last=Thompson |first=W. Scott |title=Ghana's Foreign Policy 1957–1966 |url=https://archive.org/details/ghanasforeignpol1969wsco |url-access=registration |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1969 |oclc=2616|ref={{sfnRef|Thompson}} }} == Nimitɔɔre mine kannoo == {{refbegin|40em}} * Arhin, Kwame (1993). ''The Life and Work of Kwame Nkrumah''. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, Inc. {{ISBN|9780865433953}} (08543395X) * Baynham, Simon (1988). ''The Military and Politics in Nkrumah's Ghana''. Westview Special Studies on Africa. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, Inc. (Frederick A. Praeger), {{ISBN|0-8133-70639}} * Biney, Ama. "The Legacy of Kwame Nkrumah in Retrospect." ''Journal of Pan African Studies'' 2.3 (2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210205064300/http://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/amcdouga/Hist247/winter_2014/resources/LegacyOfKwameNkrumah.pdf online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205064300/http://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/amcdouga/Hist247/winter_2014/resources/LegacyOfKwameNkrumah.pdf |date=5 February 2021 }}, historiography * Biney, Ama. ''The political and social thought of Kwame Nkrumah'' (2011). * Biney, Ama. "The Development of Kwame Nkrumah's Political Thought in Exile, 1966–1972." ''Journal of African History'' 50.1 (2009): 81–100. * Bretton, Henry L. ''The rise and fall of Kwame Nkrumah: a study of personal rule in Africa'' (1967). * {{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Basil |title=Black Star: A View of the Life and Times of Kwame Nkrumah |publisher=James Currey |location=Oxford, UK |orig-date=1973 |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-84701-010-0 }} * [[Defense Intelligence Agency]], "[https://www.governmentattic.org/docs/DIA_AnalysisKwameNkrumahOfGhana1966.pdf Supplement, Kwame Nkrumah, President of Ghana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707043023/http://www.governmentattic.org/docs/DIA_AnalysisKwameNkrumahOfGhana1966.pdf |date=7 July 2017 }}", 12-January-1966. * Gerits, Frank. "'When the Bull Elephants Fight': Kwame Nkrumah, Non-Alignment, and Pan-Africanism as an Interventionist Ideology in the Global Cold War (1957–66)." ''International History Review'' 37.5 (2015): 951–969. * Gocking, Roger S. ''The History of Ghana'' (2005). * {{cite book |last=James |first=C. L. R. |title=Nkrumah and the Ghana Revolution |location=London |publisher=[[Allison & Busby]] |year=1977 |isbn=0-85031-461-5 }} * {{cite journal |last= Mazrui |first= Ali |year= 1966 |title= Nkrumah: The Leninist Czar |journal= [[Transition Magazine|Transition]] |issue= 26 |pages= 8–17 |jstor= 2934320 |doi= 10.2307/2934320 }} * Milne, June. ''Kwame Nkrumah: a biography'' (1999). * {{Cite book |last=Mwakikagile |first=Godfrey |title=Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era |edition=Third |location=Pretoria, South Africa |publisher=New Africa Press |year=2006 |chapter=Nyerere and Nkrumah: Towards African Unity |pages=347–355 |isbn=0-9802534-1-1 }} * Mwakikagile, Godfrey (2015), ''Western Involvement in Nkrumah's Downfall''. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: New Africa Press. {{ISBN|9789987160044}} * Omari, T. Peter. ''Kwame Nkrumah: The anatomy of an African dictatorship'' (1970). * Pinkney, Robert (1972). ''Ghana Under Military Rule 1966–1969''. London: Methuen & Co Ltd. {{ISBN|0-41675080X}} * {{cite book |last=Poe |first=D. Zizwe |title=Kwame Nkrumah's Contribution to Pan-African Agency |location=New York |publisher=Routledge |year=2003 |isbn=0-203-50537-9 }} * Rooney, David. ''Kwame Nkrumah: The Political Kingdom in the Third World'' (1988). * Rui Lopes & Víctor Barros (2019) "[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07075332.2019.1703118 Amílcar Cabral and the Liberation of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde: International, Transnational, and Global Dimensions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701214035/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07075332.2019.1703118 |date=1 July 2020 }}." The International History Review. * {{cite magazine |magazine=[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]] |location=USA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=71nrBoK-ilEC&pg=PA138 |title=Kwame Nkrumah: the Fall of a Messiah |author=Sanders, Charles L. |date=September 1966 |access-date=27 June 2015 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418090705/https://books.google.com/books?id=71nrBoK-ilEC&pg=PA138 |url-status=live }} * Smertin, Yuri. ''[https://archive.org/details/nkrumahsmertin Kwame Nkrumah]''. Moscow: [[Progress Publishers]]. 1987. * Sonderegger, Arno (2016). "How the Empire Wrote Back: Notes on the Struggle of George Padmore and Kwame Nkrumah". In: ''Kwame Nkrumah 1909-1972: A Controversial African Visionary. Edited by Bea Lundt and Christoph Marx''. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag: 19-38. * {{cite book |last=Tuchscherer |first=Konrad |chapter=Kwame Francis Nwia Kofie Nkrumah |title=Encyclopedia of Modern Dictators |editor-first=Frank J |editor-last=Coppa |location=New York |publisher=Peter Lang |year=2006 |pages=217–20 |isbn=0-8204-5010-3 }} * {{cite web | title=Godfrey Mwakikagile: Eurocentric Africanist? | url=https://sites.google.com/site/intercontinentalbookcentre/godfrey-mwakikagile-a-eurocentric-pan-africanist | publisher=Intercontinental Book Centre | access-date=8 December 2021 | archive-date=20 February 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220064832/https://sites.google.com/site/intercontinentalbookcentre/godfrey-mwakikagile-a-eurocentric-pan-africanist | url-status=live }} * Žák, Tomáš František (2016). "Applying the Weapon of Theory: Comparing the Philosophy of Julius Kambarage Nyerere and Kwame Nkrumah". ''Journal of African Cultural Studies''. 28 (2): 147–160. [https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13696815.2015.1053798 doi:10.1080/13696815.2015.1053798] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418090711/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13696815.2015.1053798?cookieSet=1 |date=18 April 2023 }}. S2CID 146709996. {{refend}} ==Ziiri mine Liŋkiri== * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMY0iTcspNA Faces of Africa Kwame Nkrumah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905004516/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMY0iTcspNA |date=5 September 2019 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150205213907/http://kwamenkrumahmausoleumnkroful.ghana-net.net/ Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum and Museum at Nkroful, Western Region] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150122034817/http://ghana-net.com/accra---kwame-nkrumah-memorial-park Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park & Museum, Accra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122034817/http://www.ghana-net.com/accra---kwame-nkrumah-memorial-park |date=22 January 2015 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090212181831/http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&listing=Kwame%20Nkrumah&page=viewListing&lid=10&Itemid=36 Ghana-pedia Kwame Nkrumah] * [http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&listing=Operation%Cold%Chop&page=viewListing&lid=287&Itemid=36 Ghana-pedia ''Operation Cold Chop'': The Fall Of Kwame Nkrumah]{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} <!--dead domain* [http://www.vibeghana.com/ Dr Kwame Nkrumah]---> * [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/prof_kwamenkrumah.html Excerpt from ''Commanding Heights''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922050538/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/prof_kwamenkrumah.html |date=22 September 2017 }} by Daniel Yergin and Joseph Stanislaw * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927190754/http://www.cooperativeresearch.org/entity.jsp?entity=kwame_nkrumah Timeline of events related to the overthrow of Kwame Nkrumah] * [http://www.teachinginghana.com/index.php/2007/11/12/kwame-nkrumah-lectures-part-2/ The Kwame Nkrumah Lectures at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627181711/http://www.teachinginghana.com/index.php/2007/11/12/kwame-nkrumah-lectures-part-2/ |date=27 June 2008 }} * [http://www.nkrumah.net/ Kwame Nkrumah Information and Resource Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216040945/http://www.nkrumah.net/ |date=16 December 2008 }} * [http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/ghana/090925/ghana-honors-nkrumah-statue-moammar-gadhafi Ghana re-evaluates Nkrumah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305011403/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/ghana/090925/ghana-honors-nkrumah-statue-moammar-gadhafi |date=5 March 2016 }} by ''[[The Global Post]]'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090213044033/http://ghanaconscious.ghanathink.org/podcasts/2007/03/6th-march-1957-midnight-speech Dr Kwame Nkrumah's Midnight Speech on the day of Ghana's independence&nbsp;– 6 March 1957.] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9zYDxbJimw Newsreel on First Conference of Independent African States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709080810/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9zYDxbJimw |date=9 July 2015 }} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJ09mKNRN-8 "Father of Ghana's independence Kwame Nkrumah died 50 years ago • FRANCE 24 English"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428112349/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJ09mKNRN-8 |date=28 April 2024 }} {{s-start}} {{s-ppo}} {{s-new|office}} {{s-ttl|title=Leader of the [[Convention People's Party]]|years=1948–66}} {{s-aft|after=Position abolished}} |- {{s-off}} {{s-new|office}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Ghana|Prime Minister of the Gold Coast]]|years=1952–57}} {{s-aft|after=Himself as Prime Minister of Ghana}} |- {{s-bef|before=Himself as Prime Minister of the Gold Coast}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Ghana]]|years=1957–60}} {{s-vac|next=[[Kofi Abrefa Busia]]}} |- {{s-new|rows=2|office}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ghana)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]|years=1957–58}} {{s-aft|after=[[Kojo Botsio]]}} |- {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Defence (Ghana)|Minister for Defence]]|years=1957–60}} {{s-aft|after=[[Charles de Graft Dickson]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Krobo Edusei]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for the Interior (Ghana)|Minister for the Interior]]|years=1958}} {{s-aft|after=[[Ashford Emmanuel Inkumsah]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Elizabeth II]]|as=[[Queen of Ghana]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Ghana]]|years=1960–66}} {{s-aft|after=[[Joseph Arthur Ankrah]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Ebenezer Ako-Adjei]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ghana)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]|years=1962–63}} {{s-aft|after=[[Kojo Botsio]]}} |- {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity]]|years=1965–66}} {{s-aft|after=[[Joseph Arthur Ankrah]]}} {{s-end}} == {{Authority control}}Sommo Yizie == {{DEFAULTSORT:Nkrumah, Kwame}} [[Category:Kwame Nkrumah| ]] [[Category:1909 births]] [[Category:1972 deaths]] [[Category:African revolutionaries]] [[Category:Chairpersons of the African Union]] [[Category:Alumni of Achimota School]] [[Category:Alumni of the London School of Economics]] [[Category:Anti-imperialists]] [[Category:Convention People's Party (Ghana) politicians]] [[Category:Deaths from prostate cancer in Romania]] [[Category:Ministers for defence of Ghana]] [[Category:Exiled politicians]] [[Category:Ministers for foreign affairs of Ghana]] [[Category:Ghanaian Christian socialists]] [[Category:Ghanaian expatriates in the United States]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 1951–1954]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 1954–1956]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 1956–1965]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 1965–1966]] [[Category:Ghanaian pan-Africanists]] [[Category:Ghanaian Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Ministers for the interior of Ghana]] [[Category:Leaders ousted by a coup]] [[Category:Recipients of the Lenin Peace Prize]] [[Category:Lincoln University (Pennsylvania) alumni]] [[Category:Members of Gray's Inn]] [[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Presidents for life]] [[Category:Presidents of Ghana]] [[Category:Prime ministers of Ghana]] [[Category:United Gold Coast Convention politicians]] [[Category:University of Pennsylvania alumni]] [[Category:University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education alumni]] [[Category:Ghanaian independence activists]] [[Category:Ghanaian Marxists]] [[Category:Ghanaian expatriates in Romania]] [[Category:Akan people]] [[Category:Imperialism studies]] [[Category:Fellows of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences]] [[Category:Presidents of Guinea]] [[Category:20th-century presidents in Africa]] [[Category:Ghanaian Freemasons]] [[Category:Dagaare]] [[Category:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Category:Dɔɔ]] [[Category:Dɔɔloŋ]] [[Category:Africa]] [[Category:Ghana]] [[Category:West Africa]] [[Category:Nensaala]] 49u27tq63ia9glawbq0gzo2xkiis2ix 0 966 51913 51813 2025-07-05T21:43:36Z Joachim Yirkang 12 51913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q1654025}} '''Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology''' ('''KNUST)''' eɛ "public" Yunivesniti aŋ be a Gaana poɔ.<ref>https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/kwame-nkrumah-university-science-technology-529441</ref> Ka o yelinimbi zuiŋ la ka o te mɛ bee maale neŋ "Science and Technology" yɛlɛ. A "Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology" eɛ "public" Yuniveniti aŋ be a [[Ghana]] poɔ, a la e a sakuu kpoŋ ne kaŋa na be a "Kumasi Metropolis" neŋ a "Ashanti Region" gyaa aŋ be a Ghana poɔ. Ka e naŋ kaa a "KNUST" maalibu te gyɛɡɛɛ a Nba Agyeman Prempeh I, a Kumasi naa paaloŋ Nakpoŋ teɛhuuŋ, ka ka O mɛ Yuniveniti a Kumasi poɔ te gyɛɡe a Kumasi naa paaloŋ baabo. O teɛhuuŋ soŋ ŋa yɛŋ da ba nyɛ eebo bo gyuŋ a Kumasi Naa paaloŋ aneŋ "British Empire" naŋ da taa tage ka n tage gyuŋ.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/41406566</ref> Kyɛ o yɔɔdɔɔ ŋa ba naŋ da boɔla King Asantehene Agyeman Prempeh II naŋ deɛ o nakogi ŋa a yuoni 1935 o kuuŋ puoriŋ. O noɔriŋ, yɛlɛ mine eŋɛ a "Cape Cost" poɔŋ. Aminel a, dɛndɛŋ soba la o naŋ mɛ a Yuniveniti College naŋ be a Cape Coast poɔ. A yiiluŋ siba la a 1948 Accra dɔɔne.<ref>{{Cite news|title=August 11, 1948: The University College of the Gold Coast is established by Ordinance|url=https://www.eaumf.org/ejm-blog/2017/8/11/august-11-1948-the-university-college-of-the-gold-coast-is-established-by-ordinance|access-date=2022-01-28|website=Edward A. Ulzen Memorial Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> Lɛ ŋa waa ne la pēɛroo k’o na la ka ba da boɔla "Watson Commission" naŋ wulo ka ba mɛ Yuniveniti ɔf "science" a Kumasi poɔŋ.<ref>{{Cite book|chapter=Report on the Riots of 1948|title=The Ghana Reader|year=2016|pages=259–264|publisher=Duke University Press|doi=10.1215/9780822374961-052|isbn=978-0-8223-7496-1}}</ref> Tɔɔ, a N ba Prempeh teɛree ŋa da nyɛ la eebo a yuoni 1949, saŋa na meɛbo naŋ da wa piili bone na ba naŋ na boɔle ka "Kumasi College of Technology" eŋɛ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.eaumf.org/ejm-blog/2018/1/23/january-22-1952-kumasi-college-of-technology-is-established|title=January 22, 1952: Kumasi College of Technology is established|work=Edward A. Ulzen Memorial Foundation|access-date=2018-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref> A Kumasi Tɛkenologyi Kolaagyi da tere la adimisiŋ ko o fɔrɔ sakuebiiri kyaare ne ne a "engineering" gbuli 1951 poɔ (ane a lɛ zaa, ana sakuebiiri na piili la ganzanne yɛlɛ 1952 poɔ), ka begemaale die nɔbinnaa ko a Yuniveniti sori ka a Kumasi Tɛkenologyi Kolaagyi e o pare piiraa 1952 poɔ.<ref>{{Cite book|publisher=Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology.|title=Kumasitech : the journal of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology|oclc=10102282}}</ref> A kolaagyi pare da ti la ne karemamine zannoo sakuebiiri 200 naŋ toɔle yi Achimota Kolaagyi naŋ be a "Greater Accra" Irigyin poɔ. A kolaagyi da be la a Yunivesniti ɔf "London" nuuri poɔ. 1961 poɔ, a kolaagyi da nyɛ la sori a are Yuniveniti voaraa.<ref name="Daniel">{{cite web|url=http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~univghana/ghanahed.htm |title=THE UNIVERSITIES IN GHANA |access-date=10 March 2007 |author=G. F. Daniel |work=Development of University Education in Ghana |date=17 April 1998 |publisher=University of Ghana}}</ref> A Yuniveniti kɔlaagyi la teŋgane gbaŋgbale noɔre naŋ e 2,512.96 e-karre (1,016.96 ha).<ref name="Dzisi 2016">{{cite web|url= http://ir.knust.edu.gh/bitstream/123456789/10171/1/DZISI%20EMMANUEL%20JR%20Thesis%20%285%29NEW%20NEW.pdf |title=Assessment of bicycle transportation on the KNUST Campus |last=Dzisi|first=Emmanuel|date=2016|work=MSc. Thesis|publisher=KNUST Dspace|access-date=25 October 2020}}</ref> A sakuuri meŋ gbaŋgbale naŋ ta eŋ sekɔɛ malli ayoɔpõĩ, e la ŋa malli anii (8 km) gɛrɛ Kumasi east seŋ, Ashanti Irigyinnal teŋkpoŋ.<ref name="UGOO">{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanauniversities.com/university_detail.php?id=5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061023150614/http://www.ghanauniversities.com/university_detail.php?id=5 |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 October 2006 |title=Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, KUMASI |access-date=11 March 2007 |work=Universities |publisher=Universities of Ghana Overseas Office}}</ref> == Yelkorɔ == === Fɔrɔ yelkorɔ === A Kumasi Tɛkenologyi Kolaagyi yuo la 22 Gyɛnoɔre 1952 eŋɛ ne karemamine zannoo sakuebiiri 200 ba naŋ toɔle yi ne Achimota, gaa ne a kolaagyi paalaa pare pi zie.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Woets|first=Rhoda|chapter=Achimota School|title=Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism|year=2016|publisher=Routledge|doi=10.4324/9781135000356-rem751-1|isbn=978-1-135-00035-6}}</ref> Ɔɔtoore 1952 poɔ, a sakuuri ɔf "Engineering" ane a "Department of Commerce" da meɛ la ka ba de fɔrɔ sakuebiiri. A "Pharmacy Department" da meɛ la Gyoonnoɔre 1953 poɔ, ne a Sakuuri ɔf "Pharmacy" koroo yi Korle Bu "Teaching Hospital", Accra, toɔle gaa ne a kolaagyi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About us – Brief History |url=https://kbth.gov.gh/brief-history/ |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=Government of Ghana |language=en-GB}}</ref> A zannoo gbuli die e la yuomo ayi kyegebo zannoo bɔgere Pharmacy eŋɛ naŋ wane a Pharmacy Board Certificate kyɔɔtaa terebo.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Garritano|first=Carmela|title=African video movies and global desires : a Ghanaian history|date=2013|publisher=Ohio University Press|isbn=978-0-89680-484-5|oclc=824733582}}</ref> Dagerekɔlkya zannoo gbuli die da yuo la ana yuoni na ne o zu na tere "ad hoc" zannoo bɔgere ne a kaŋa zaa zannoo vuo, a yi zannoo vuo awola te tɔ yuomo ata, ko a Dagerekɔlkya Minisiri. General Studies Zannoo Gbuli Die da kuree na nare sakuuri biiri kyaare ne a Haayɛ Sakuuri Sɛtefekete Gyennoo "Science ane Arts" zannoo bɔgere poɔ a tere daanoo zannoo bɔgere poɔ aŋa a zannoo gbuli die mine naŋ boɔrɔ lɛ.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A general index of the agricultural reports of the Patent Office, for twenty-five years, from 1837 to 1861; and of the Department of Agriculture, for fifteen years, from 1862 to 1876|date=1879|publisher=Govt. Print. Off.|doi=10.5479/sil.1048544.39088002284578}}</ref> A yi 1952 te tɔ 1955, a School of Engineering<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} College of Engineering, KNUST |url=https://coe.knust.edu.gh/ |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=Knust Ghana}}</ref> da nare la biiri kyaane ne karigyugi kɔlefekaasiŋ yoŋ. 1955 poɔ, a sakuuri da kyɛ la gbɛre zannoo bɔgere eŋɛ kara ne a University of London Bachelor of Engineering External Degree Examinations.<ref name="KNUST – FIANDAD GHANA LIMITED">{{Cite web|title=KNUST – FIANDAD GHANA LIMITED|url=https://www.fiandadghanalimited.com/knust/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> 1957 poɔ, Kuribu Gɔɔloŋ Sakuuri, Teŋɛ Narebo ane Meɛbo da piilee la. O da de la o fɔrɔ sakuubiiri gyoonnoɔre 1958 poɔ, kyaare ne karigyugi zannoo bɔgere.<ref name=official/> A kolaagyi naŋ yɛllɛ, hakele da laŋ la taa maale a Kumasi Tɛkenologyi Kolaagyi science ane tɛkenologyi yoŋ zannoo zie.<ref name=official>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-22 |title=Kumasi College of Technology, KNUST officially opened in 1952 |url=https://ghanaianmuseum.com/kumasi-college-of-technology-now-kwame-nkrumah-university-of-science-and-technology-was-officially-opened/ |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=Ghanaian Museum |language=en-US}}</ref> A yelnyɔgeraa ŋa tuubo eŋɛ, a Karemamine Zannoo Kolaagyi, a yi a Art School yoŋ puoriŋ, da wɛle gaa la a Winneba Zannoo Kolaagyi Gyoonnoɔre 1958 poɔ; 1959 poɔ a Commerce zannoo gbuli die da toɔle gaa la Achimota na maale a zenɛ sakuuri Administration ko a University of Ghana, Legon pare piiraa.<ref name="KNUST – FIANDAD GHANA LIMITED"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Today marks 68 years since KNUST was officially opened {{!}} GhHeadlines Total News Total Information |url=http://www.ghheadlines.com/agency/ghana-web-/20200122/133726508/today-marks-68-years-since-knust-was-officially-opened |date=22 January 2020|access-date=2020-05-30 |website=Ghana Headlines |language=en-US}}</ref> Disembare 1960 poɔ, a Ghana gɔmenante da iri la a University Commission ka o na teɛ o hakelɛ a yuniveniti ganzanne baabo eŋɛ, a kyaare ne a gbɛdegere na zɛge a Ghana yuniveniti kolaagyi ane a Kumasi Tɛkenologyi Kolaagyi eŋ Ghana Sommeŋɛ Yuniveniti.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Nanyele|first1=Stephen|last2=Kuranchie|first2=Alfred|last3=Owusu-Addo|first3=Augustine|date=2018-10-30|title=Classroom management practices and student disruptive behavior|journal=Integrity Journal of Education and Training|volume=2|issue=2|pages=6–14|doi=10.31248/ijet2018.021|issn=2636-5995|doi-access=free}}</ref> A yi a kɔmeseŋ duoro o naŋ tere, naŋ yi a 1961 piiluu poɔ, a gɔmenante da maale la teɛroŋ na mɛ Sommeŋɛ yunivenitiri ayi Kumasi ane Legon, Accra poɔ.<ref name="ReferenceD">{{Cite journal| last1=Appiah |first1=CA| last2=Samwini |first2=AM| last3=Brown| first3=PK|last4=Hayford|first4=FEA|last5=Asamoah-Boakye|first5=O|date=2020-05-12|title=Proximate composition and serving sizes of selected composite Ghanaian soups|journal=African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development|volume=20|issue=3|pages=15898–15918|doi=10.18697/ajfand.91.18055|issn=1684-5374|doi-access=free|hdl=10394/34922|hdl-access=free}}</ref> A Kumasi Tɛkenologyi Kolaagyi lɛ na da leɛrɛɛ la, R. P. Baffour kaabo eŋɛ,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana Institute Of Architects – Ghana Institute Of Architects|url=https://gia.com.gh/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-31}}</ref> eŋ yuniveniti gbuli eŋɛ, ka begemaale die noɔre leɛ pore o ka '''Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology''' 22 Ɔɔgore 1961 eŋɛ. A yuori eŋ la Kwame Nkrumah, a fɔrɔ prime minisa ane a puoriŋ Ghana yidaandɔɔ.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> Gyoonnoɔre 1966 poɔ, Marr Grounds, American/Australian artist naŋ da kpeɛrɛ California poɔ ana saŋa, da nyɛ la kaa iruu a e wulwulo kuribu gɔɔloŋ poɔ yuomo ayi, sɛre kyɛ de gaa a University of Sydney School of Architecture, Design ane Planning 1968 poɔ.<ref name=interview2015/> A yuori da leɛrɛɛ la gaa University of Science ane Technology a 24 Fɛboɔre 1966 zɔɔre naŋ da wa baare. A University of Science ane Technology da nyɛ la kuribu meŋɛ Tadaare, 20 Nyɔgevenne 1961 eŋɛ. Ane a lɛ zaa, begemaale die noɔre kaŋa meŋ (Act 559 of 1998) da leɛre la a yuori gaa ne o yuori meŋɛ, a Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology, Kumasi.<ref name="KNUST_History">{{cite web|url=http://knust.edu.gh/hospital/pages/sections.php?siteid=knust&mid=14&sid=94&id=115|title=Our History|work=Official Website|publisher=Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology|access-date=29 October 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305164113/http://knust.edu.gh/hospital/pages/sections.php?siteid=knust&mid=14&sid=94&id=115|archive-date=5 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> == Organization ane administration == === Principal officers === A principal officers ko a university la a chancellor, chairman ko a University Council ane vice-chancellor. A 2018, a vuo ko a chancellor da taa la eebo neŋ Asantehene Otumfuo Osei Tutu II. === Governing body === Governance taa la soɔbo ko a University Council, naŋ taa eebo ko a Academic Board, naŋ taa tonnoɔre ko a: * formulating and carrying out the academic policy of the university * devising and regulating the courses of instruction and study, and supervising research * regulating the conduct of examinations and the award of degrees, diplomas and certificates * advising the University Council on the admission of students and the award of scholarships * reporting on such matters as may be referred to it by the University Council === A sakuubiiri zannoo a university administration === Sakuubiiri naŋ be a KNUST Students' Representative Council (KNUST SRC) da paalɛɛŋ a administration naŋ be a university yi a ba wederoŋ naŋ na kaara a University Council, Academic Board, a Welfare Services Board, Faculty ane Departmental Boards, Residence Committee, Library Committee naŋ be a Hall Councils. A council maŋ tona neŋ la baagyɛt naŋ kyaare a organizations, kyɛ o meŋ eɛ funds social events ane student initiatives. A sole representative student government, a KNUST SRC maŋ terɛɛ sakubiiri boɔbo teseŋ a lambo mine kyɛ meŋ da tere duoruu ko a sakubiiri. === Collegiate system === KNUST taa la, yi January 2005, da yie koroŋ zaa a gaa centralized system ko a administration a da be a decentralized collegiate university. A buo naŋ poɔ, a faculties zaa laŋɛɛ taare a da maale kolagyiri ayoɔbo. A university da taa la toma neŋ a faculty-based system. Ŋaa da vɛŋɛɛ wahala da bebe a administrative yi a faculties paale a and institutes ka a tõɔ vɛŋ baabo be a sakubiiri zannoo yeltare. Ka banna naŋ maale yɛlɛ, a collegiate system da taa la eebo yi a 29 November 2004. A 5 April 2005, a pioneering provosts da taa la eebo naŋ da bebe a ɔfere naŋ be a Great Hall ko a KNUST. A kolagyiri la a semi-autonomous, ŋaa wuli ka ba da taa la na meŋɛ faŋa ka ba toŋ bamenne toma kyɛ damaŋ nyɛrɛ sommo yire a central administration kyaare libi-yɛlɛ. A college registrar, finance officer ane librarian da toŋɛɛ a provosts. Paale a poɔ e la faculties, centres ane institutes, naŋ taa wederoŋ neŋ deans ane directors. Naŋ e wederɛ ko a colleges, a provosts da terɛɛ academic ane administrative wederoŋ ko a colleges kyɛ maŋ kaara a ba toma yeltare zaa. === Sakuubilii === * Accra Institute of Technology * Akim State University College<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asuc.edu.gh/|title=Akim State University College &#124; Asuc &#124; Ghana|website=asuc}}</ref> * All Nations University College * Central University College * Kaaf University College * DataLink University College(DLUC) * Garden City University College * Ghana Telecom University College * Ho Polytechnic * Osei Tutu II Institute for Advanced ICT Studies * Regent University College * Spiritan Institute / Spiritan University College<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120422134413/http://www.spiritanuc.edu.gh/ Spiritan University College] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422134413/http://www.spiritanuc.edu.gh/ |date=22 April 2012 }}</ref><ref name="Institutions affiliated to KNUST">{{Cite web |date=12 October 2009 |title=Affiliated Institutions |url=http://www.knust.edu.gh/pages/sections.php?siteid=knust&mid=15&sid=123 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012121619/http://www.knust.edu.gh/pages/sections.php?siteid=knust&mid=15&sid=123 |archive-date=12 October 2009 |website=KNUST}}</ref> Disembare 2019 poɔ, noɔreyeni boore da golgoli la a Gambian gɔmenante ane Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology kpakyaga na meɛ Science, Technology ane Engineering University A Gambia poɔ. Emmo poɔ, a administrative ane wulluu bomma na e la, ane kaabo na be la a KNUST nuuri poɔ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/education/knust-to-establish-science-technology-university-in-the-gambia.html|title=KNUST to establish Science, Technology University in The Gambia|date=2019-12-17|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-12-17}}</ref> == Zannoo Yeltare == [[File:Peace Pole, Kumasi, Ghana.jpg|thumb|The [[Peace Pole]] was erected on the university campus on 21 September 2006, [[International Day of Peace]]. The pole is made of a 105-year-old [[sapele]] tree that used to stand in the university's botanical garden. The pole is {{convert|16.7|m|ft|abbr=off}} tall. Indigenous symbols have been carved in bas-relief on it in five languages ([[Akan language|Twi]]—a local language in Ghana, [[Standard Hindi|Hindi]], [[Chinese language|Chinese]], [[Swahili language|Swahili]], and [[Arabic language|Arabic]]). The peace prayer on the pole says: "May peace be upon Earth".]] Yi a 2010/11 zannoo yuoni, a kolaagyiri mine tona neŋ la a two-tier system, kyɛ ka a mine naŋ tona neŋ a three-tier system. === Kolagyi ko Agriculture ane Natural Resources CANR === * Faculty of Agriculture ** Department of Agricultural Economics, Agribusiness and Extension<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Scroggs|first=Claud L.|date=December 1975|title=The Relevance of University Research and Extension Activities in Agricultural Economics to Agribusiness Firms|journal=American Journal of Agricultural Economics|volume=57|issue=5|pages=883–888|doi=10.2307/1239098|jstor=1239098|issn=0002-9092}}</ref> ** Department of Animal Sciences<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-03 |title=Deduako residents, pets benefit from health screening by KNUST Health Sciences Students Association - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/deduako-residents-pets-benefit-from-health-screening-by-knust-health-sciences-students-association/ |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> ** Department of Crop and Soil Sciences<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Quee|first1=Dan David|last2=Sarkodie-Addo|first2=Joseph|last3=Conteh|first3=Abdul Rahman|last4=Tarawali|first4=Abdul Rahman|title=Assessment of Weed Management Strategies on Growth and Yield of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Ghana.|date=2016-01-21|publisher=Global Society of Scientific Research and Researchers|oclc=942772318}}</ref> ** Department of Horticulture<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-08 |title=NSA signs MoU with KNUST to aid sports development - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/nsa-signs-mou-with-knust-to-aid-sports-development/ |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=MyJoyOnline |language=en-US}}</ref> * Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources ** Department of Agroforestry^{[''citation needed'']} ** Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management ** Department of Silviculture and Forest Management ** Department of Wildlife and Range Management ** Department of Wood Science and Technology * Faculty of Forest Resources Technology ** Department of Ecotourism and Forest Recreation ** Department of Land Reclamation and Rehabilitation ** Department of Social Forestry ** Department of Wood Processing and Marketing === Kolagyi ko Health Sciences === * Faculty of Allied Health Sciences ** Department of Medical Diagnostics ** Department of Medical Imaging ** Department of Physiotherapy and Sports Science * Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ** Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ** Department of Pharmacology ** Department of Pharmacognosy ** Department of Pharmacy Practice ** Department of Pharmaceutics ** Department of Herbal Medicine * School of Dentistry * School of Medical Sciences * School of Veterinary Medicine * School of Nursing and Midwifery === Kplagyi ko Humanities ane Social Sciences === * Faculty of Law * Faculty of Social Sciences ** Department of Economics ** Department of English ** Department of Geography and Rural Development ** Department of History and Political Studies ** Department of Modern Languages currently called the department of Language and Communication Sciences. ** Department of Religious Studies ** Department of Sociology and Social Work * School of Business ** Department of Supply Chain and Information Systems. ** Department of Marketing and Corporate Strategy ** Department of Human Resource and Organizational Development. ** Department of Accounting and Finance Kolagyiri naŋ be two-tier system (Provost/Head ko Department): === Art Kolaagyi ane Built Environment === {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | header = | width = 350 | image2 = Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) – Side view of the College of Architecture and Planning.JPG | alt2 = | caption2 = The College of Art and Built Environment | image3 = College of Engineering, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana.JPG | alt3 = | caption3 = [[Laboratory|Lab]]/[[Office buildings|office block]] of the [[College of Engineering]] | image4 = Solar panels, KNUST.jpg | alt4 = | caption4 = [[Solar panel]]s on a roof in the [[College of Engineering (KNUST)|College of Engineering]]}} Art Kolaagyi ane Built Environment Lab/ɔfere dankyini a Engineering kolaagyi Solar panels naŋ dɔgele dankyini zu eŋɛ a Engineering kolaagyi poɔ : A Art Kolaagyi ane Built Environment naŋ da daŋ e a Kuribo Gɔɔloŋ ane Narebo kuree la Gyoonnoɔre 2005 poɔ a poɔ a Yuniveniti leɛ maaloo na eŋ a Collegiate Tuuroŋ. A leɛ maaloo poɔ, a Environmental ane Development studies (FEDS) Zannoo gbuli ane a Institute of Land Management and Development (ILMAD) da laŋ la taa na meɛ a kolaagyi. FEDS taa la zannoo gbuli deri ata: Department of Architecture, department of Building Technology ane Department of Housing and Planning Research. ILMAD taa la zannoo gbuli deri ayi, Department of Land Economy ane a Land Resources Centre. A kolaagyi pampana taa la zannoo gbuli bɔgere ayi, wulluu zannoo gbulo deri pie ane peɛroo zannoo zie boŋyeni: :* Department of Communication Design :* Department of General Art Studies :* Department of Painting and Sculpture :* Department of Integrated Rural Art/Industry :* Department of Industrial Art :* Department of Educational Innovations in Science and Technology :* Department of Publishing Studies :* Department of Architecture :* Department of Building Technology :* Department of Land Economy :* Department of Planning :* Centre for Settlements Studies :* Centre for Land Studies === Engineering Kolaagyi === :* Dagerekɔlkya Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Aerospace Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Chemical Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Civil Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Kɔmpiita Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Electrical Engineering/Electronic Engineering & Telecommunication Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Geological Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Geodetic Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Geomatic Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Materials Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Mechanical Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Petroleum Engineering Zannoo Gbuli Die === Science Kolaagyi === Zipeɛre:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} College of Science, KNUST |url=https://cos.knust.edu.gh/ |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=College of Science, KNUST}}</ref> : A yoe ama naŋ tu e la zannoo gbuli deri naŋ be a science kolaagyi eŋɛ, KNUST. :* Biochemistry ane Biotechnology Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Chemistry Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Kɔmpiita Science Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Environmental Science Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Food Science ane Technology Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Mathematics Zannoo Gbuli Die<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - Department of Mathematics |url=https://math.knust.edu.gh/ |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=Department of Mathematics Knust}}</ref> :* Optometry ane Visual Science Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Physics Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Theoretical ane Applied Biology Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Statistics ane Actuarial Sciences Zannoo Gbuli Die :* Department of Meteorology Zannoo Gbuli Die === Peɛroo Ziiri === * Bureau of Integrated Research and Development * Centre for Biodiversity Utilisation and Development (CBUD) * Centre for Cultural and African Studies * Centre for Human Studies * Dairy/Beef Research Station * The Brew-Hammond Energy Centre, College Of Engineering<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://energycenter.knust.edu.gh/pages/index.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091013054038/http://energycenter.knust.edu.gh/pages/index.php|url-status=dead|title=The Energy Center|archive-date=13 October 2009}}</ref> * Kumasi Center For Collaborative Research (KCCR) in collaboration with the German Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine<ref>{{Cite web |title=KCCR 20th Anniversary Durbar – KCCR |url=https://kccr-ghana.org/kccr-20th-anniversary-durbar/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918064601/http://kccr-ghana.org/kccr/ |archive-date=18 September 2009 |website=Kccr Ghana}}</ref> * National Institute for Mathematical Sciences (NIMS) * Technology Consultancy Centre (TCC) * Laboratory For Interdisciplinary Statistical Analysis (LISA) * Regional Water and Environmental Sanitation Centre, Kumasi (RWESCK) * Centre for Settlement Studies * Regional Transport Research and Education Centre, Kumasi (TRECK) ==== Ghana Journalists naŋ zanne a Focus FM eŋɛ ==== * Nana Kwadwo Jantuah * Edward Oppong Marfo * Kwame Adinkra * Kojo Akoto Boateng * Louis Kwame Sakyiamah (Lexis Bill) * Anita Kuma * Kojo Akoto Boateng === Tiivi === TEK TV la a sakuuri tiivi zinyɔgeraa ko a Yuniveniti.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gbagbo |first=Julitta |date=15 June 2016 |title=KNUST To Launch TV Station Called TEK TV - Kuulpeeps - Ghana Campus News and Lifestyle Site by Students |url=https://kuulpeeps.com/2016/06/knust-to-launch-tv-station-called-tek-tv/ |access-date=2020-07-05 |website=Kuulpeeps |language=en-US}}</ref> == Nentegerɛ == === Sakuubikorɔ nentegerɛ mine === Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology Bikorɔ Yoe Muuli kyɛ meŋ nyu: Gbuli:Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology bikorɔ * UN Gansɛgerɛ-Gyɛneral ane Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Kofi Annan zanne la KNUST eŋɛ * Kwaku Aning ane Hackman Owusu-Agyeman la a diplomats mine naŋ baare KNUST * Aliu Mahama Ghana Yidaandɔɔ potuuri a yi 2001 te tɔ 2008, zanne la KNUST eŋɛ * Edward Kwame Wiredu, Ghana kyif Justice koroo, meŋ da e la sakuubie KNUST eŋɛ * Nana Konadu Agyeman Rawlings, Ghana pɔge fɔrɔ koroo * Samira Bawumia, Ghana pɔgeba bayi soba (2017–2025) * Thomas Mensah, CEO koroo ko GNPC ane chemical engineer graduated yi KNUST College of Engineering * Alex Mould, Ghana Gas CEO * Benjamin Asante * Charles Darku, Tullow Ghana Limited CEO koroo * Amma Darko, a yelyagesɛgerɛ gaa la KNUST * Chris Attoh, deɛndeɛnɛ gaa la KNUST * Nana Otuo Siriboe, a Juabenhene meŋ naŋ e a Chairman of Council of State * King Tackie Teiko Tsuru II, Gã Mantse ko a Ga-Adangbe noba ane Yidaandɔɔ ko a Ga Traditional Council * Ernest Aryeetey, ɛkɔnɔmese ane Vice Chancellor koroo ko a University of Ghana baare la KNUST * Yaw Osafo-Maafo, Minisa kpoŋ baare la KNUST * Pamela Mbabazi, Dakogi zu soba ko a Uganda Planning Authority meŋ da e la sakuubie KNUST eŋɛ. === Gambanneba nentegerɛ === Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology gane wulwulbo * Francis Allotey, mathematician * Aba Andam, physicist * Ablade Glover, artist * Marr Grounds, American / Australian artist ane architecture wulwulo 1966–7 poɔ <ref name=interview2015>{{cite interview| first=Marr| last=Grounds| title=Interview with Marr Grounds| date= 30 March 2015| interviewer-first= Deborah| interviewer-last= Edwards | url=https://www.datocms-assets.com/42890/1614405141-groundsmarrinterviewv2018-12-11.pdf| format=transcript| series= Art Gallery of New South Wales Archive: Balnaves Foundation Australian Sculpture Archive Project|others=[[Balnaves Foundation]]|publisher= [[Art Gallery of NSW]]| quote=This is an edited transcript of a recorded interview.}}</ref> * Thomas Mensah, chemical engineer * Letitia Obeng, peɛroo scientist * == Kyɔɔtaɛ == A 2023, a university da taa nimitɔɔre gaabo neŋ Times Higher Education naŋ e a noɔre ko a sakuuri sonne a tendaa. A kyɔɔtaɛ da taa la eebo neŋ Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 4). A November 2019, KNUST da taa la iruuŋ neŋ a university in Ghana sonne ane West Africa yi ''U.S. News & World Report'' kyɛ naŋ taa a yelkorɔ a 2020. O da taa la zɛgeroŋ a do are a 14th soba a Africa ane 706th a tendagbuli zaa, naŋ a tendagbuli semmo neŋ 42.4. KNUST da la a dɛndɛŋ university a West Africa naŋ da di a 2018, 2019 ane 2020 Pan African Universities Debate Championship a tutaa. KNUST la a dɛndɛŋ university a Ghana naŋ da di a Ghana national noɔre ko a Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court kyakya. A university meŋ da die a Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court gbɛre bota. A December 2020 KNUST da a dɛndɛŋ soba ko a university a Africa naŋ di a Pan African Universities Debating Championship gbɛre bota zaa. === Department ko Food Science ane Technology === A December 2024, a West Africa Competitiveness Programme (WACOMP), yi UNIDO ane EU funding, vɛŋɛɛ KNUST's Food Science ane Technology Laboratory da e a dɛndɛŋ public university naŋ be a Ghana naŋ paale neŋ a ISO/IEC 17025:2017, providing SMEs neŋ bondiiri sonnoŋ kaabo. == Sakuubiiri Wederoŋ == === Student Representative Council. === Yvonne Osei Adobea da die a SRC yidaandɔɔloŋ/wederoŋ nuneɛ a Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology (KNUST) eŋɛ 26 Gyoonnoɔre 2023 eŋɛ. A yaga ŋaa diibu da bare la bɔge a fɔrɔ soba pɔge naŋ de a Student's Representative Council KNUST eŋɛ wederoŋ o yuomo 71 yelkorɔ poɔ.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Larnyoh |first=Magdalene |date=2023-07-27 |title="A woman of many firsts": Records set by the first female SRC President of KNUST |url=https://yen.com.gh/education/238461-yvonne-osei-addobea-records-set-by-elected-female-src-president-knust/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=Yen - Ghana news. |language=en}}</ref> Kane Nana Francis la tu o puori 2024 poɔ. === Kolaagyi Kpaaroŋ === Sakuubiiri KNUST poɔ areterɛ la management daɛɛ yaga poɔ. A yi a Student Representative Council naŋ e a sakuubiiri areterɛ, areteɛrɛ mine meŋ bebe la a kolaagyi kaŋa zaa poɔ KNUST eŋɛ. A Science kolaagyi, a Science Students' Association (SCISA) la areko o. A Engineering kolaagyi, a Ghana Association of Engineering Students (GESA) la areko o. == Media == === Radio === Focus FM (94.3 FM) e la university's official radio station. Gbɛɛ gyamaa ba maŋ ire la ''Morning Show'', ''Drive Time'', ''Teknokrat'' ane ''Community Watch''. ==== About Focus FM ==== Focus FM e la network radio naŋ be a campus ko a Kwame Nkrumah University of Science ane Technology, Kumasi. O yuompiilaa da la 2000 A.D. a stakeholders da la a UNIVERSITY, Student Representative Counsel ane a Graduate Student Association of Ghana. A zie ko a status quo ko a station da taa duoruu teroo, wuli kyɛ la deɛne ko a college network gbuli zaa ane a kori naŋ bebe. A supply of investment soŋe da yue a sakubiiri lɔɔbo Focus FM improvement account. ==== Lɛ Focus FM Naŋ Bigiri ==== Focus FM boɔbo ba e a ka o da ŋmɛ a kyakya a yele naŋ be a paaloŋ, kyɛ naŋ boɔrɔ ka a university ka ba paale neŋ nyɔvɔɛ yɛlɛ. Ŋaa la vɛŋ ka o taa tɛɛtɛɛloŋ neŋ commercial ane state radio – ka a kaŋa zaa da ba sɔre public lambo, kyɛ ka ana wa wuli ka a seŋɛɛ ka ba e. Focus FM maŋ terɛɛ democratic kyaare a kpaaroŋ sere amenne kyɛ a naŋ seene ka ba yeli, vuo da bebe la ko noba Ka ba da yeli yɛlɛ bamenne ==== Finance ==== Focus FM ba e libi-bɔ bone. O maŋ nyɛ la o mean bɔ; Focus FM Development Fund, naŋ kyaare a commercial Sponsorship boɔbo naŋ kyaare , naŋ taa e community / listener supported fundraisers. ==Sommo Yizie== {{Reflist}} [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] [[Gbuli:Sakuuri]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] == Ziiri mine liŋkiri == {{Commons}} * {{Official website|http://www.knust.edu.gh/}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061023150614/http://www.ghanauniversities.com/university_detail.php?id=5 Universities of Ghana Overseas Office] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090827124806/http://src.knust.edu.gh/ Students Representative Council] {{KNUSTtemplate|state=uncollapsed}} {{Kumasi topics|state=collapsed}} {{Ashanti topics|state=uncollapsed}} {{Association of African Universities|state=uncollapsed}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kwame Nkrumah University Of Science And Technology}} [[Category:Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology| ]] [[Category:1952 establishments in Gold Coast (British colony)]] [[Category:Ashanti Empire]] [[Category:Education in Kumasi]] [[Category:Forestry education]] [[Category:National universities]] [[Category:Public universities and colleges]] [[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1952]] [[Category:Universities in Ghana]] mfpmbbgy1opc17um83h2vombr4sqrlo 0 1101 51939 18997 2025-07-06T10:04:22Z Naah Philipo 28 Add info 51939 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Naaloŋ''' e la kponuŋ kaŋa ba naŋ maŋ de ko neɛ kaŋa ka o kaara a teŋɛ noba zaa bee ba paaloŋ na noba ka yelfaa kaŋa zaa tɔɔ kpeɛra ba. '''Naa''' meŋ e la neɛ na maŋ taa gyeremɛ kpoŋ kaŋa o taaba zu. Teŋkoro saŋa Dagaaba da taa la teŋdaama , kyɛ Nasaalmine la wa ne naaloŋ te Dagapaaloŋ poɔ a 1898, Gyɛnoɔre beri pie ne yeni daare la ka nasaala da e ka Dagaaba polle ka ba de la a kponnuŋ ŋa, ka neɛ zaa ta wa ferɛ ba bee zɔɔrɔ ne ba a ba zemmo na poɔ. A 1912 poɔ la ka nasaala sɛgre/ biŋ naaloŋ a Dagapaaloŋ poɔ. Waaleba eŋ da piili dire la Naaloŋ a 1625 poɔ . A 1897 poɔ ka ba Leɛ fire dendɔɛ naaloŋ. Gyerebaa Naa, Ganaa da la a Nakpoŋ. Yelbawontaa la DA meŋ kpɛ ka a Loraa Diisi fãã kyɛ e ka naaloŋ kponnoŋ dire kyɛ Kora taa , a Loraa, Gyerebaa, Nandom, ane Lambussie Namine kpakyagaŋ poɔ. A lɛ da veŋɛ la ka yelbawontaa be ba soŋa . A namine da na wonotaa / yelbawontaa da kyebe ba kpakyagaŋ poɔ. Ayi ama zaa poɔŋ neɛ zaa naane na baŋ di Naaloŋ te Dagapaaloŋ poɔ . A lɛ wuli ka te Dagapaaloŋ, te taa la tendemee kyɛ meŋ taa Sããma o poɔŋ. Sããma la na baŋ di Naaloŋ Dagapaaloŋ poɔ kyɛ a tendaama bee tendemee kaara a teŋgane. Ka a le wuli ka tendaama(na) la maŋ biŋ Naa ba paaloŋ poɔ ayi te Dagapaaloŋ merɛ na tu lɛ. == Naa Ferbo Toma/Tonɔɛ. == 1). A seŋ ka o veŋ a teŋɛ deme taa nɔlaŋ ba poɔ. 2). Naa la maŋ biŋ merɛ / mere a teŋɛ poɔ ka a noba tuuro. 3). A seŋ ka o binne Nabilii ka o naŋ wa e Nakpoŋ. 4). Sɛrɛɛ diibu. 5). A seŋ ka o kaara a teŋɛ ziyuo yɛlɛ. 6). Naa maŋ seŋ ka o veŋ emmaaroŋ be a teŋɛ poɔ. == Naa parɛɛ / Naaloŋ Parɛɛ == Naaloŋ taa la parɛɛ yaga kyɛ a mine la puuli kyɛ ; Ana la: Nakpoŋ, Nabilii, Koɔraa naa, Naŋkpaa naa, Bipɔlɔ naa, Pɔgeba naa, Zɔre naa , amk. 2rg6nn6wax2l886quoys2kpghkdn0c6 51944 51939 2025-07-06T10:32:36Z Anthony Dery 16 51944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q123250281}} '''Naaloŋ''' e la kponuŋ kaŋa ba naŋ maŋ de ko neɛ kaŋa ka o kaara a teŋɛ noba zaa bee ba paaloŋ na noba ka yelfaa kaŋa zaa tɔɔ kpeɛra ba. '''Naa''' meŋ e la neɛ na maŋ taa gyeremɛ kpoŋ kaŋa o taaba zu. Teŋkoro saŋa Dagaaba da taa la teŋdaama , kyɛ Nasaalmine la wa ne naaloŋ te Dagapaaloŋ poɔ a 1898, Gyɛnoɔre beri pie ne yeni daare la ka nasaala da e ka Dagaaba polle ka ba de la a kponnuŋ ŋa, ka neɛ zaa ta wa ferɛ ba bee zɔɔrɔ ne ba a ba zemmo na poɔ. A 1912 poɔ la ka nasaala sɛgre/ biŋ naaloŋ a Dagapaaloŋ poɔ. Waaleba eŋ da piili dire la Naaloŋ a 1625 poɔ . A 1897 poɔ ka ba Leɛ fire dendɔɛ naaloŋ. Gyerebaa Naa, Ganaa da la a Nakpoŋ. Yelbawontaa la DA meŋ kpɛ ka a Loraa Diisi fãã kyɛ e ka naaloŋ kponnoŋ dire kyɛ Kora taa , a Loraa, Gyerebaa, Nandom, ane Lambussie Namine kpakyagaŋ poɔ. A lɛ da veŋɛ la ka yelbawontaa be ba soŋa . A namine da na wonotaa / yelbawontaa da kyebe ba kpakyagaŋ poɔ. Ayi ama zaa poɔŋ neɛ zaa naane na baŋ di Naaloŋ te Dagapaaloŋ poɔ . A lɛ wuli ka te Dagapaaloŋ, te taa la tendemee kyɛ meŋ taa Sããma o poɔŋ. Sããma la na baŋ di Naaloŋ Dagapaaloŋ poɔ kyɛ a tendaama bee tendemee kaara a teŋgane. Ka a le wuli ka tendaama(na) la maŋ biŋ Naa ba paaloŋ poɔ ayi te Dagapaaloŋ merɛ na tu lɛ. == Naa Ferbo Toma/Tonɔɛ. == 1). A seŋ ka o veŋ a teŋɛ deme taa nɔlaŋ ba poɔ. 2). Naa la maŋ biŋ merɛ / mere a teŋɛ poɔ ka a noba tuuro. 3). A seŋ ka o binne Nabilii ka o naŋ wa e Nakpoŋ. 4). Sɛrɛɛ diibu. 5). A seŋ ka o kaara a teŋɛ ziyuo yɛlɛ. 6). Naa maŋ seŋ ka o veŋ emmaaroŋ be a teŋɛ poɔ. == Naa parɛɛ / Naaloŋ Parɛɛ == Naaloŋ taa la parɛɛ yaga kyɛ a mine la puuli kyɛ ; Ana la: Nakpoŋ, Nabilii, Koɔraa naa, Naŋkpaa naa, Bipɔlɔ naa, Pɔgeba naa, Zɔre naa , amk. n5mamhvwxa5kw2zworeq9y15qfsxmme 0 1564 51871 19323 2025-07-05T12:40:30Z S.K.BRIGHT 62 N Meŋa Toma 51871 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yikpeɛ''' e la yiri bee teŋ naŋ be a Dagapaalo paaloŋ poɔ.A teŋ ŋa be la a Lora paaloŋ poɔ.A teŋ ŋa yuori ba sɔgli kyɛ koŋ meŋ wa sɔgli bonso a teŋ ŋa te naŋ boɔlɔ Yikpeɛ kyebe zenɛ bee sɔgli bee bɔri a lɛ wuli ka a Loraa zaa bɔri la, bonso, a Yikpeɛ ŋa la so a Loraa zaa faŋa bee kpeɛoŋ. A zie bee a teŋ ŋa la a Loraa Yidaandɔba da te zeŋ sɛne Kyɛ paaŋ po yɔ bee zeŋ zeŋ teŋ bilii naŋ zaa naŋ lantaa zenɛ ka te boɔlɔ Loraa. == Yikpeɛ Yiri Deme Toma == A Yikpeɛ yiri deme tona la toŋ parɛɛ yaga bonso, ba yaga zie tona la govineti toma ka ba yaga zie meŋ tona ba menne toma kyɛ a toŋ yaga ama zaa poɔ koɔbo la Yikpeɛ deme toŋ kpoŋ gaŋ a zaa. == Yikpeɛ tengane bee Zie na Fo Naŋ Na Baŋ Nyɛ Yikpeɛ Tengane.ɛ la Yikpeɛ meŋɛ poɔ. Kyɛ Tengane ŋa di-bogi la Didɔrkpeɛ poɔ. == 0cgysrliympielqjpctz6b6r7booyse 51885 51871 2025-07-05T12:52:56Z S.K.BRIGHT 62 51885 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yikpeɛ''' e la yiri bee teŋ naŋ be a Dagapaalo paaloŋ poɔ.A teŋ ŋa be la a Lora paaloŋ poɔ.A teŋ ŋa yuori ba sɔgli kyɛ koŋ meŋ wa sɔgli bonso a teŋ ŋa te naŋ boɔlɔ Yikpeɛ kyebe zenɛ bee sɔgli bee bɔri a lɛ wuli ka a Loraa zaa bɔri la, bonso, a Yikpeɛ ŋa la so a Loraa zaa faŋa bee kpeɛoŋ. A zie bee a teŋ ŋa la a Loraa Yidaandɔba da te zeŋ sɛne Kyɛ paaŋ po yɔ bee zeŋ zeŋ teŋ bilii naŋ zaa naŋ lantaa zenɛ ka te boɔlɔ Loraa. == Yikpeɛ Yiri Deme Toma == A Yikpeɛ yiri deme tona la toŋ parɛɛ yaga bonso, ba yaga zie tona la govineti toma ka ba yaga zie meŋ tona ba menne toma kyɛ a toŋ yaga ama zaa poɔ koɔbo la Yikpeɛ deme toŋ kpoŋ gaŋ a zaa. == Yikpeɛ tengane bee Zie na Fo Naŋ Na Baŋ Nyɛ Yikpeɛ Tengane.E la Yikpeɛ meŋɛ poɔ. Kyɛ Tengane ŋa di-bogi la Didɔrkpeɛ poɔ. == rjg0jjfm6fqo5ec8sdiziibupdl637f 0 1691 51911 36855 2025-07-05T21:13:35Z Vision L1 19 51911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Boɔ''' e la doŋgbɛɛ anaare kaŋa ba naŋ guolo yiri. O waaloo ane peroo yi la taa, gbɛɛ yaga a west Africa paaloŋ poɔ la ka ba maaleŋ guolo a yaga zaa. Boɔ e la Doŋa kaŋa naŋ taa tona poreworoo a ko nensaalãã. Nobɔ maŋ nyɛ la libie yi boore koɔroo, ka menne meŋ maŋ nyɛ nenne a yi be. == Sommo Yizie == [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] [[Gbuli:Doŋŋo]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] idctd0k4pddfv2kpb8a8rvlgmxm93v7 0 2139 51896 36734 2025-07-05T13:19:25Z Ningeng paula 1176 Link article 51896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q105063104}} '''Ahenkorah''' e la yomeŋa, naŋ maŋ e neɛ saa yuori bee yoe ayi soba [[Ghana Begemaale Die Gbandigiri Yoe|Ghana]] poɔ. Nentegerɛ ne ana [[yuori]] ŋa naŋ e ba yoe ayi soba mine la: * [[Akua Sakyiwaa Ahenkorah]], [[Gaana]] diplomat * [[Alfred Ofosu-Ahenkorah]], Gaana faŋa kaakaara * [[Faŋa kaakaaraCarlos Kingsley Ahenkorah|Carlos Kingsley Ahenkorah]] (ba naŋ dɔge 1966), Gaana pɔleteesa * [[Deborah Ahenkorah]] (ba naŋ dɔge 1987), Gaana ganzanna ane zidɔɔna == Sommo yizie == [[Category: Dagaare]] [[Category: Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Category: Baloŋ yuori]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] i0anm0qx4uy9wap7bcy8q620cu6wfen 0 2701 51914 51856 2025-07-05T22:37:50Z Muhaideen Faiz Brichini 984 51914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q61942917}} '''Salifu Dagarti''':A dɔɔ ŋa e la neɛ noba yaga zie naŋ be a ɔpa wɛɛse poɔ te gaŋ a [[Ghana]] paaloŋ poɔ naŋ ba baŋ o yɛlɛ. Kaa pɔge noba mine woŋ la bee kanne la o yɛlɛ Ghana saadayel gama poɔ. Salifu dagaati da e la polisi dɔɔ Mba [[Kwame Nkrumah]] wagre poɔ. o vori saŋa, o daŋ de la nyɔvori faa Dr. Kwame Nkrumah saŋa na noba naŋ daŋ yi ka ko o kyɛ de a Ghana paaloŋ yidaandɔɔloŋ. A mba Salifu Dagarti la neɛ aŋ da yi ŋmaa de a marifa kubie ka a ta pɔge a [[Ghana]] yidaandao.<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salifu_Dagarti#cite_ref-1</ref><ref>http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/kwame-nkrumah-first-president-independent-ghana-escapes-5th-assassination-attempt</ref><ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/The-Story-of-Supt-Salifu-Dagarti-the-man-who-took-a-bullet-for-Kwame-Nkrumah-825406</ref><ref>https://howafrica.com/the-story-of-how-supt-salifu-dagarti-a-dagaaba-security-guard-took-a-bullet-for-kwame-nkrumah-at-the-flagstaff-house/</ref><ref>https://www.salifudagarti.org/about</ref><ref>https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/memories-of-our-fathers-passing-42-years-ago-samia-nkrumah/</ref> Ghanaianmuseum.com dɛme aŋ seo eŋ ba ɡbama poɔ yɛliyɛŋ ka waɡre ne ana yɛla ne aŋ daŋ e ne eɛ ŋmenaa awa ɡbɛliŋ yeŋ neŋ minti pie neŋ anuu (1:15pm) ka a paaluu yidaandao daŋ o tumajie ɡara "Christianborɡ Castle" ka o te di siimaa. <ref>Ghanaianmusium.com</ref> == Piribo == A polisiri naŋ na guro a ziiri naŋ e tɔbɔ neŋ a kyaare a Ghana's president, Kwame Nkrumah, da ŋmɛɛ dabie anuu neŋ o a da boɔrɔ ka ba da ko o. Constable Seth Ametewee<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/08/archives/policeman-sentenced-to-die-for-attempt-to-kill-nkrumah.html</ref> <ref>https://www.modernghana.com/news/981244/the-salifu-dagarti-story-is-a-mixture-of-heroic.html</ref>da mɔrmɔre la yi a Flagstaff House naŋ be a Accra a da ba pɔge a ŋmeɛroŋ dɛndɛŋ soba. Nkrumah's guguro, Salifu Dagarti, da gue a malfa dabiri naŋ da waana a President neŋ a o eŋgbane ka a dabiri da nyɔge o ka o da piri.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salifu_Dagarti#cite_ref-9</ref><ref>https://www.theghanareport.com/today-in-history-police-officer-dies-after-taking-bullet-for-kwame-nkrumah-in-fifth-assassination-attempt/</ref> == O Yɛlɛ Mine == Salifu Daɡarti naŋ da e "Chief Superintendent" da kpieŋ asibite ŋa teŋ boɔna ka "37 Military Hospital" waɡre ŋa baŋ daŋ deɛ zo ɡaa be waɡre ŋa naŋ da deɛ marifa biri ka "Constable" Ametewe da ŋmɛ "Flaɡstaff House" a eŋ Ghana Yidaandao ŋa teŋ boɔna ka Dr. Kwame Nkrumah. Salifu Daɡarti da nyɛɛ be la ne baŋ maŋ maale sogyare koɔre ne a da umuu sogyare bakee ŋa aŋ be Osu, Arijimab daare, a nansaare kyeo teŋ boɔna ka "January" o beri ata daari a yuoni 1964 poɔŋ. Salifu Daɡarti, ba da dɔge nansaare kyɛ o ŋa teŋ boɔna ka "July" a 1913 yuoni poɔŋ, Kumasi la be la, da eɛ Gold Coast "Serɡeant-Major" koree bie. O da tumee a polisi tuma a te ta yuomo pista neŋ ata (33 years) sene naŋ da kpi ne. Ba da duohuu ahijie ɡaaneŋ "Corporal" nansaare kyeo teŋ boɔna ka "March" a 1939 yuoni poɔŋ la be la, waɡre ŋa dunee zaa zɔɔre ŋa teŋ boɔna ka WWII aŋ da wa piili. Oŋ da la do ɡaaɛ Serɡeant nansaarw kyeo "October" poɔŋ 1941 yuoni la be la, baŋ da la ɡaanuu "Serɡeant-Major" 1946 yuoni poɔŋ o nansaare kyeo teŋ boɔna ka "July" a da la duohuu ɡaanen "Inspector" nansaare kyeo teŋ boɔna ka "April" 1949 yuoni poɔŋ. Yuoni 1954 o kyɛlɛɛ teŋ boɔna ka "November", o da leoyɛɛ "Assistant Superintendent". O da ɡaaɛ Enɡland a te e boŋ ŋa teŋ boɔna ka "Drill" kyeore ayuobe" a Briɡade of Guards 1954 yuoni poɔŋ la be la. Oŋ da wa baahi, o da wa eɛ "drill" wuno a Accra polisihi sakuu ŋa aŋ be be. 1960 yuoni poɔŋ da la oŋ da do ta a "Chief Superintendent". Ba da iri o ɡaa neŋ Flaɡstaff House ka o te e neɛ anna guro Gaana yidaandɔɔ Dr. Kwame Nkrumah nansaare kyɛlɛɛ "November" o beri pie neŋ ayi (12th) a 1962 yuoni poɔŋ.<ref name=":0" /> "Ghana News Aɡency" eɛ duoruu terɛ dieŋ kaŋa naŋ be Gaana poɔ da yinee duoruu ka sene baŋ da naŋ e Salifu Daɡarti, ba da deɛ Gaana gyogo eŋ o eŋɛ baŋ da die yineŋ "37 Military Hospital" a eŋ asibiti lɔɔre ŋa teŋ boɔna ka "army ambulance" a ɡaaneŋ "Baden Powell Memorial Hall" ka gyamaa da te puoruu ba puori bazaa. Salifu Daɡarti yuori leo yɛɛ yuori neɛ zaa naŋ ba Gaana kyɛ.<ref>"This Is Salifu Dagarti - DailyGuide Network" <nowiki>https://dailyguidenetwork.com/this-is-salifu-dagarti/</nowiki></ref> == Sommo Yizie == [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] [[Gbuli:Nensaala]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:Polisi]] [[gbuli: dɔɔ]] [[gbuli:dɔɔloŋ]] jz9p0lw154pd0tr4a7j1rj8o4pwo36f 0 2989 51903 51426 2025-07-05T15:27:36Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q1282314}} '''Akosombo''' e la bakpoŋ kaŋa Gaana deme na tage vũũ yine. Be la [[Gaana]] tendaa zaa fentendigilii nyɛ yi zie<ref name=":0">[https://www.myjoyonline.com/akosombo-dam-could-serve-ghana-for-another-50-years-if-well-maintained-kweku-awotwi/ "Akosombo Dam could serve Ghana for another 50 years if well maintained – Kweku Awotwi - MyJoyOnline.com".] ''www.myjoyonline.com''. Retrieved 18 May 2021.</ref>. A kõɔ maŋ zoro la wagere la wagere zaa. <ref name=":1">Fobil, J.N., D.K. Attaquayefio, and Volta Basin Research Project [VBRP]. 2003. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20061231122711/http://www.solutions-site.org/artman/publish/article_53.shtml Remediation of the environmental impacts of the Akosombo and Kpong dams]''. HORIZON Solutions Site: Public Health. Yale University Department of Biology: HORIZON International.</ref>Gaana deme pãã gaa mɛ la dampo kaŋa vilikoli a baa kõɔ kyɛ de wayɛre nyɔge taa yine a kõɔ te eŋ a daare zu ba na maŋ ba kyɔŋ tutaa sori nɔɛ eŋɛ. '''Akosombo''' e la tembile kaŋa naŋ be a south naŋ be a [[Asuogyaman Desekyere|Asuogyaman District]], [[Eastern Region]], Ghana ane ziiri banne mine naŋ be a African tenne naŋ be a irigyinri mine teseŋ [[Ghana]], ''Congo'', ''Namibia'', ''Lagos''-paaloŋ, ane ''Freetown''. O paale neŋ la noba naŋ yi saakompare tɛɛtɛɛ, teseŋ Akans, Ewe, Krobo ane saakomparɛɛ mine.<ref name=":2">Zakhary, K. 1997. [https://web.archive.org/web/20040827193052/http://www.med.mcgill.ca/mjm/v03n02/v03p093/v03p093.pdf ''Factors affecting the prevalence of schistosomiasis in the Volta region of Ghana''.] McGill Journal of Medicine 3: 93–101.</ref> Akosombo be la a north naŋ be a Adomi Bridge a Atimpoku, naŋ e 3 te ta 5 mintiri zoobu. Ba da boɔnee Akosombo ka nansaare poɔ ka "larɡest sinɡle investment" Gaana baabo yelnyɔɡre poɔ.<ref name=":3">[http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/history/akosombo_dam.php "History of Akosombo dam"]. Ghana Home Page. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110516134942/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/history/akosombo_dam.php Archived] from the original on 16 May 2011. Retrieved 8 May 2011.</ref> A na bɔɔ ne la kuro [[Togo|Toɡo]] neŋ [[Benin]] vūū, ane a zaa ka ba maalee bɔɔ ŋa baŋ boɔla ka [[Adjarala dam]], ka ba haakila la ka vūū da yi Gaana paaloo ŋmaa bayi.<ref>Europa Publications (2014). ''Africa South of the Sahara 2014''. [[:en:Routledge|Routledge]]. p. 112. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781857436983|9781857436983]]</bdi>.</ref> Vūū ne a bɔɔ naŋ da maŋ korɔ da eɛ 912 meɡawatts (1,223,000 hp), ba da leɛ duori a la ɡaa neŋ 1,020 meɡawatts (1,370,000 hp) 2006 yuoni poɔ.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070808064226/http://www.vra.com/Power/retrofit.html "Akosombo Hydro Power Plant Retrofit".] Volta River Authority. Archived from [http://www.vra.com/Power/retrofit.html the original] on 8 August 2007. Retrieved 30 July 2007.</ref> A kõɔ ɡbɛre na la te boɔlɔ ka "[[Lake Volta]]" da yi la Akosombo ŋa waɡre na ba naŋ da wa yuo a bare, ka da sãã nuba boma,<ref name=":6">Gyau-Boakye, P. 2001. [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Ghana_physical_map.svg/500px-Ghana_physical_map.svg.png ''Environmental impacts of the akosombo dam and effects of climate change on the lake levels''.] Environment, Development and Sustainability 3(1): 17–29.</ref> a da la vɛŋ la ka teɛroŋ kpɛ a ɡɔbenante yaɡa. == Akosombo Maalebo == 1915 yuoni poɔ la ka ''Albert Kitson'' da nyɛ a na teɛroŋ ŋa kyɛ yelzaa da ba e a wa te 1940s<ref>Okoampa-Ahoofe, Kwame (16 July 2009). [http://www.thestatesmanonline.com/pages/news_detail.php?newsid=8696&section=1 "The False Ghanaian History of Paa Kwesi Nduom"]. ''The Statesman''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110930095101/http://www.thestatesmanonline.com/pages/news_detail.php?newsid=8696&section=1 Archived] from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 11 October 2023.</ref> Noba da yeli ka ba maale "Volta River Basin" 1949 yuoni poɔ kyɛ libie da ba kyibe, ka America deme tomazie ŋa "Volta Aluminum Company" ka ba naŋ ko a ɡɔbenante libie ka o de maale neŋ a zie. Gaana yidããdɔɔ na te naŋ boɔla ka [[Kwame Nkrumah]] da deɛ "Volt River Hydropower Project" a da ko dɔɔ kaŋa naŋ da yi Australia ka ba boɔlɔ o ka Kenneth Scott ka o maale a zie ka o be a bogi saazu.<ref>Aidoo, Kwame (9 March 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20241201192820/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/ghana/articles/ghanas-most-impressive-buildings "Ghana's Most Impressive Buildings"]. ''Culture Trip''. Retrieved 28 October 2024.</ref> A bogi yɛloŋ eɛ 660m (2,170ft) ka o zuluŋ meŋ e 114m (374ft). Ka o lamboe 366m (1,201ft) ka kõɔ naŋ be o poɔ e 7,900,000 m² (10,300,000 cu yd). A "Lake Volta" eɛ kpoŋ ta 148 km² (120,000,000 acre⋅ft) ka o zu ta 8,502 km² (3,283 sq mi). A "Volta Lake" yɛloŋ taɛ 400 km (250 mi).<ref name=":4">[http://www.vra.com/our_mandate/akosombo_hydro_plant.php "Akosombo Hydro Power Plant"]. Volta River Authority. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070421080909/http://www.vra.com/our_mandate/akosombo_hydro_plant.php Archived] from the original on 21 April 2007. Retrieved 26 March 2007.</ref> zuluŋ. koŋŋmani semmo e la 84.73 m (278.0 ft) ane fiŋ minga e la 73.15 m (240.0 ft). A east lampega ko a kõɔ ɡbɛre taa la spillways ayi nang ayi piili naŋ na bang iri tesing 34,000 m³/s (1,200,000 cu ft/s) ko kõɔ . spillway zaa mang taa la (6)six 11.5-metre (38 ft)-wide ane 13.7-metre (45 ft)-tall steel ''floodgates''.<ref>[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:ickZ1oH93YYJ:www.vra.com/Publications/akobrochure.pdf+akosombo+dam+spillway+cubic+meters&hl=en&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESi6Tt-YHv0BX-4PMqnu2nC0uYqIClyDQ-5-vhlPSHDUkYLu8cqzSpSSdP6uXXtdVZkBtnPOM2GoZgw27GSiZZ00AjSMIc05vo-LUR_Vr2ZkfWlk-FR5am1TPlo0cZmqbM742KjQ&sig=AHIEtbS-Hu03H0CR92EIB0LFfiCpOMQGrQ "Akosombo Dam Brochure"]. Volta River Authority. Retrieved 30 May 2011.</ref><ref>[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:YrnEXgzACScJ:www2.alterra.wur.nl/Internet/webdocs/ilri-publicaties/publicaties/Pub45v2/pub45v2-h3.pdf+akosombo+dam+spillway+m3+second&hl=en&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESg7nsHhRD-TQ6aq7Stoy2tdE5OnQWmWiE6gfN-T12Ps-EwstJdTqHcB250hKvAmmPDqKeyRPlbVbggFDecQxToMDyGfSLxk0qkknuspVaT6134fVziWxcOvQCwaS0mbmW1e1P6H&sig=AHIEtbQB-r5WNRxae8QFaHJQrYHb4m_l2A "Annex 3". Alterra.] p. 46. Retrieved 30 May 2011.</ref> A bɔɔ buu kpeɛŋe taree 170-meɡawatts (230,000 hp) Francis turbines ayoɔbe. Koɔ a te ta 112 - 116 metre (367 - 381 ft) a turbine yɔɡloŋ aneŋ 7.2 metre (24 ft) a bɔɔ ɡilibu la be la.<ref name=":4" /> A propoozale yeliwulaa baaraa ku a meɛroo ŋa la ka ba de koe mine baŋ boɔla alumiineɛu a [[Tema]] poɔ, dampo kaŋa naŋ be a Akosombo poɔ a kuro a semɛlta vũũ, kyɛ la waa vũũ ku a Gaana saparee sɛŋ. A koe ŋa ba naŋ boɔlɔ alumiineɛo semɛlta taa la sori ka o kuro a libie ka ba toɔ̃ ŋmaa bɔsaate pɛgezie, ka lɛ na vɛŋ ka a paaloo taa o meŋa alumiineɛo maalezie a ta bonna daara yire paale zaane. Alumiineɛo maale zie a Gaana paaloo areko la a vũũ ŋa maaloo.<ref name=":3" /> A [[America]] toŋtoŋzie ŋa ba naŋ boɔla ka [[Kaiser Aluminum]] da la kaara a [[alumiineɛo semɛlta]] maaloo yeli kyɛ nutoŋ bageloo yi a Valco zie. A Valco libitera la neɛ na naŋ da sonnɔ a toma ne libie yi a [[Export-Import Bank of the United States|Export-Import Bank naŋ be a United States]]. Kyɛ a Valco da ba enna o libie kuro a toma ka o taa nɔyeni kaŋa ne a Ghana gɔmenaŋte zie, aŋa lampo zaalaa ka ba naŋ wa da vũũ bomaale boma waana ne a paaloo. A toma sane da te ta la $258 million.<ref name=":3" /> == Waɡre Ne Baŋ Maanuu == [[Duoro kɔre:Akosombo Dam is spilling water, Ghana.JPG|left|thumb|Akosombo dampo ŋmeɛrɛ koɔ̃ bara]] "May" 1960 yuoni poɔŋ, ka Gaana ɡomenante da boɔŋ ka ba de ba yelnyɔɡre a te ziiri a bɔɔ maalibu. 1961 Italy demɛ tumazie ŋa teŋ boɔna ka ''Impreɡilo'' da la nuba naŋ di ka ba maali a bɔɔ waɡre ŋa baŋ da maali Kariba bɔɔ baare. 1961 yuoni poɔŋ ka Gaana bɛɡere deo da maali "[[Volta River Authority]]". Ba maalaa a bɔɔ a yi 1961 te tɔ 1965<ref name=":4" />. Gaana ɡomenanti da maali o zaa kyɛ ka 25% da e ''International bank for reconstruction and development'' aŋ be World bank, [[United State Of America (USA)|United State]] aneŋ [[United Kinɡdom]].<ref name=":1" /> Impreglio da nyogee a man’sing nang ‘kuuro a ‘koli-kpong ane dewatering ko a konboo , ane bang baare a dam a kyeu fora agang ‘wagire ba nang bing ‘ku anaa zaa ka kolee puoro kpiera a Volta River a yuoni 1963 nang da kaure toma a pari kyeure ata. a yi 1961 ane 1966 kpakyega , tontunebahi 28 ko Impregilo kpiyeng a dampu maalibo wagere . Memorials a [[Akosombo]] township pou ane [[St. Barbara Catholic]] Church daang mang bing la ba gyirima. Ba da maalee "Lake Volta" ayi 1961 te tɔ 1966 ka be la da vɛŋ ka nuba aŋ da ta 80,000 aŋ da iri ɡaa zie zizagela, ka ba semmo da e 1% a Gaana nuba jaa laŋtaa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20020201060457/http://commonwealth.ednet.ns.ca/africa/Ghana/Rivers/riversetc.html "Commonwealth Education"]. Archived from [http://commonwealth.ednet.ns.ca/africa/Ghana/Rivers/riversetc.html the original] on 1 February 2002. Retrieved 15 December 2006.</ref> Nuba aŋ da be kuribu 700 da yie ziiri ne baŋ da kpeɛra ne a te kuribu 52 yuomo ayi sene baŋ da ŋmaa a "[[Lake Volta]]". VRA<ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />demɛ la da vɛŋ ka be la da e.<ref>Matthew Davis (30 May 2003). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/2947420.stm "Eyewitness: Waking up to water crisis"]. BBC.</ref> Nuba ne aŋ da yi ɡaa a kuri jaane ne 2% da eɛ zi-nyɔɡeba aneŋ koɔriba.<ref name=":7">Jackson, Iain; [[:en:Ola_Uduku|Uduku, Ola]]; Addo, Irene Appeaning; Opong, Rexford Assasie (19 May 2019). [[doi:10.1080/13602365.2019.1643389|"The Volta River Project: planning, housing and resettlement in Ghana, 1950–1965".]] ''The Journal of Architecture''. '''24''' (4): 512–548. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/13602365.2019.1643389|10.1080/13602365.2019.1643389]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1360-2365 1360-2365].</ref>[[A Eastern Region]] ko Gaana ane noba gyemaa nuori’yeni yela nang be a o 'gbendige jaa da e la bi luong ko a toma<ref name=":8" />. == Buuŋ Maalibu == [[Duoro kɔre:1 Ghana Cedi.png|left|thumb|Ghana sidi yeni]] A dampu kuree Ghana neŋ yie aŋ pieluu ka ana la Toɡo neŋ Benin buuŋ. Piilee ne, 20% buuŋ da yire Akosombo dampu a ɡara Gaana nuba jie (a da maana te yɛla 70%), ka a buuŋ 70% aŋ kyɛhi ne da yire Valco jie. Ghana ɡomenanti da yɛoyɛ a dampu libie kyɛlee 50% kyɛ ka Gaana nuba da nyɛra buuŋ 20%. Pampana Valco ba la kuro buuŋ ka be la vɛŋ ka Akosombo yoŋ kuro Gaana jaa buuŋ.<ref name=":8">Suave, N., A. Dzokoto, B. Opare et al. 2002. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11917246 ''The price of development: HIV infection in a semiurban community of Ghana''.] Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes [JAIDS] 20(4): 402–408.</ref> Jamaa aŋ da boɔra buuŋ te ɡaali da vɛŋ yɛŋ ka a dampu tuna yaɡa. A yɛla ama ŋa da vɛŋ yɛŋ ka buuŋ ku-nyuɡe da be be. Koɔhi siɡebu da vɛŋ yɛŋ buuŋ koŋ baŋ yi a na dampu ne.<ref>Kwame Okoampa-Ahoofe (28 August 2007). [https://archive.today/20120530185104/http://www.thestatesmanonline.com/pages/news_detail.php?section=11&newsid=4580 "NPP cuts sod for Bui Dam"]. Statesman online. Archived from [http://www.thestatesmanonline.com/pages/news_detail.php?section=11&newsid=4580 the original] on 30 May 2012. Retrieved 13 October 2007.</ref> Gaana yaagu yelitarihi ane paalimaali yela yaaribo da waaning yela kpong jugihibo ko buuŋ a pari a Akosombo's buuŋ tuongbo fanga. yi 1981, a dampu bile bang maalia [[Kpong]], downstream a yi Akosombo, duohibo ko Akosombo da leɛ e la nimbizie ka ba maana hydropower tuma tona<ref name=":1" />. buuŋ buobo gaali gange bung bang na bang nye a pampana sokpong, kodoriko kuonhe yela ane a mine gyemaa .buuŋ buobo a paahi ning bung nang sogili ‘bizie yelitare, vɛŋ yɛŋ ka buuŋ kubo ane buuŋ kongbo<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" />. A jaa ‘gbongbong ko kongngmama luong ta-zie da nyeɛ,wagere kanga a ta-zie mang buoree maalibo ko a jentiritare<ref name=":5" />. 2007 yuoni piilee, nuba da yɛlee yɛlihi a te jɛɡi a dampu buuŋ bonso "Lake Volta" koɔ ne da siɡeeŋ.<ref name=":5">Van De Giesen, N., M. Andreini, A. Van Edig and P. Vlek. 2001. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20170829081952/http://www.glowa.org/de/literaturliste/dateien/competition_in_volta_basin.pdf Competition for water resources of the Volta basin]''. Regional Management of Water Resources. IAHS Publ. no. 268: 199–205.</ref> A yuoni 2007 taŋsoɡo seŋ, a yɛla ama jaa da baahiyɛŋ waɡre ŋa saa aŋ da wa yaɡa a te "Volta River" seŋ.<ref>[http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=121525 "Akosombo Dam To Be Shut Down?"]. Ghana web. 28 March 2007.</ref> 2010 yuoni poɔŋ la ka a dampu da nyɛ koɔ yaɡa. Ka be la da vɛŋ baŋ yuohi denuɛ mine ka a duobu ta 84.45 m (277 ft). Ba da yuyee a koɔ mine baha a wa daahi ka be la da vɛŋ ka koɔ kpɛ dɛri.<ref>[http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=129773 "Flood destroys farmlands in Bongo District"]. 29 August 2007.</ref> == Tɔna == [[Duoro kɔre:Akosombo Dam hydroelectric plant.jpg|left|thumb|A hydroelectric vũũ naŋ be Lake Volta]] A dampu ŋa waanee laŋfeɛ a ko nuba ne aŋ da bee a kpeɛra peɛle a koɔŋ ne. Mɔɔ ne aŋ da be a koɔ noɔre ne da eɛ dɛre a ko jɔsaɡne, duuhi aneŋ karikite, aŋ e buuhu aŋ toɔŋ a koɔŋ baaloŋ ama bilharzia, river blindness and malaria.<ref name=":0" /> [[International Federation of Surveyors]] dɛme aŋ toŋ ba toma mine a te jɛɡe a dampu tɔna a ko nuba wulee ka a koɔ aŋ da maŋ kyiɛra bɔɡre a yi jie ne aŋ da po a "Keta Laɡoon da ba la era. Dr. Isaac Boatenɡ meŋ aŋ laahi buuhu laŋtaa wulee ka "fluvial sediment" da siɡiyeŋ ayi "71 million cubic metres" a te tɔ "7 million cubic metres" yuoni jaa.<ref name=":1" /> A Akosombo Dampu da taa tɔna mine ko yaagu yelitarihi ane paalimaali yela toma a paahi ko kongngmani ‘tuobu, jima nyogibo ugibu,kuobo yela paani ti gaa ning a shoreline, ane tourism.[[Duoro kɔre:Volta lake.jpg|thumb|[[Lake Volta]] enfuoni ka fooŋ do sazu|250x250px]] == A Dampu Yuobu == Ka 2023 yuoni poɔŋ naane, a dampu koɔ daŋ ba la saŋ jiehi a wa 2010 baŋ daŋ yuoɡaa be la ne.<ref name=":2" /> 2023, o nansaare kyeo September bɛri pie neŋ anuu (15th), ka "Volta River Authority (VRA)" da maalee bɛɡre mine aŋ na maŋ somba ka ba toɔŋ kaara Akosombo neŋ Kponɡ dampuhi aŋ be Eastern Reɡion yuobu ka saŋbu jaa ba la wa. Ka a na yɛla ŋa da la vɛŋ ka a koɔ yuobu da vɛŋ ka yie ne aŋ be a "Volta Basin" muni senne da linte koɔmeŋ. Ka be la da vɛŋ ka buuŋ jɔ ka nuba buuhu meŋ da bɔri.<ref name=":3" /> == Dampore mine == A Ghana teŋɛ paaloŋ Akosombo poɔ la ka a Akosombo Damp be. A kapital ko a Asuogyaman Desekyere Atimpoku, la peɛle o. ==Enfuomo sere== <gallery class="center"> File:Akosombo fire station.jpg|A fire truck parked at the Akosombo Fire Service Station File:A sign at Volta Hotel.jpg|Volta Hotel signpost File:Akosombo Township.jpg|Part of the Akosombo township </gallery> == Akosombo Railway Station == A Akosombo Railway Station Akosombo train sori tuubu maaloo saŋa taraaŋ == Yeŋe leŋkere == {{Commons category}} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zUYv5UJ8O2Q Video documentary on the history of the dam. Published by the Volta River Authority (2013)] * [http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/history/akosombo_dam.php Ghana Web – History of The Dam] * [http://www2.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/volta.htm Volta River Project economics] * [http://www.solutions-site.org/node/76 University of Ghana] * [http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/history/akosombo_dam.php History of Akosombo dam] * [http://www.modernghana.com/news/347881/1/vra-honours-italy-contractors-of-akosombo-kpong-da.html VRA honours Italy, contractors of Akosombo, Kpong dams] {{Authority control}} == Sommo Yizie == {{reflist}} [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Dɔɔ]] [[Gbuli:Dɔɔloŋ]] [[Gbuli:Nensaala]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Category:Dams in Ghana]] [[Category:Lake Volta]] [[Category:Dams on the Volta River]] [[Category:Volta River Authority]] [[Category:Dams completed in 1965]] [[Category:1965 establishments in Ghana]] [[Category:Eastern Region (Ghana)]] [[Category:Dams in Africa]] jqjbsgerwb02ypll31obj6xdkjnv1k0 0 5436 51905 49016 2025-07-05T20:56:53Z InternetArchiveBot 38 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q21005718}} '''Yul Chibuike Daniel Edochie''' // ^ⓘ (dɔgebo daare la 7 January 1982), ka neɛ zaa bammo ka o e '''Yul Edochie'''// ^ⓘ, e la Nigerian yiel-ŋmeԑrԑ ane pɔleteseԑn.<ref>http://sunnewsonline.com/new/getting-married-22-greatest-decision-yul-edochie/</ref><ref>http://www.nigeriamovienetwork.com/articles/read-yul-edochie-biography-nollywood-nigerian-actor_562.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220218101914/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/202202/459951.php</ref> == Nyɔvooroŋ ane Sakuuri Yԑlԑ == Edochie dɔgebo daare da la 7 January 1982. O baabo zie da la Anambra State na e bidɔɔ ko yielŋmeԑrԑ Pete Edochie, na e a bilee a biiri bayoɔbo poɔ. O baabo zie da la Lagos ane Enugu. Ba da pore la a o yuori yineŋ Russian actor Yul Brynner. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201013135557/https://dailytrust.com/weekly/index.php/magazine-cover/19450-i-wanted-to-be-a-soldier-but-ended-up-an-actor-yul-edochie/</ref>O gaa la University of Port Harcourt, be ka o da nyԑ Bachelor of Arts na be dramatic arts.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230129095044/https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Yul-Edochie-4189</ref> == Toma == Edochie da maale la a o Nollywood debut a 2005 ne a sinii ''The Exquires,'' starring neŋ̍ Justus Esiri ane Enebeli Elebuwa. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20221125164926/https://onlinenigeria.com/stories/69143-my-experience-when-i-joined-nollywood-in-2005-yul-edochie.html</ref>A o lambo da piilee 2007 yi o na laŋ piili ne Genevieve Nnaji ane Desmond Elliot a sinii na e ''Wind Of Glory''.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1748293/</ref> A 2015, Edochie da piilee sinii Lagos.<ref>http://pulse.ng/movies/yul-edochie-actor-launches-film-academy-id4761999.html</ref> === Pɔletese === A 2017, Edochie da paale la gɔbena a Anambra State a da e gubernatorial kogozu soba da ko a Democratic Peoples Congress political paate.<ref>https://dailypost.ng/2017/07/14/pete-edochies-son-yul-contest-2017-anambra-governorship-election/</ref><ref>https://www.naij.com/1121866-nollywood-actor-yul-edochie-picks-anambra-governorship-party-nomination-form.html</ref> <ref>https://www.channelstv.com/2017/09/01/nollywood-actor-yul-edochie-emerges-governorship-candidate/</ref>Willie Obiano, na da boɔrɔ ka ba da la vootu ko o, ka o da di a gbԑre boyi soba.<ref>https://punchng.com/breaking-inec-declares-obiano-winner-of-anambra-election/</ref> == Meŋԑ Nyɔvooroŋ == Edochie da kpԑ la kultaa May Aligwe o na da e yuomo 21; ka ba da taa bidɔba ata ane pɔgelee yeni, ka ba da ŋmaare a ba kultaa 2022 o na moɔle ka o da la de la pɔge. A 27 April 2022, o da yeli ka o da kulee o yielŋmԑ tasoba Judy Austin, ka ba da taa bidɔba bayi. O bidɔɔ dԑndԑŋ soba da kpie 30 March 2023 o na da taa seizure baaloŋ.<ref>https://www.naij.com/tag/yul_edochie.html</ref> == Filmography == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Notes |- |2007 |''Sleek Ladies'' | |Starring Daniella Okeke, Ini Edo, Rita Dominic |- |2007 |''Wind of Glory'' |Emeka |Starring Desmond Elliot, Genevieve Nnaji |- |2008 |''Give It Up'' | |Starring Mike Ezuruonye, Ini Edo |- |2008 |''Kiss My Pain'' |Johnson |Starring Mike Ezuruonye, Mercy Johnson |- |2009 |''Tears of Hope'' | |Starring Ngozi Ezeonu, Olu Jacobs, Mercy Johnson |- |2009 |''My Loving Heart'' | |Starring Stella Damasus-Aboderin |- |2010 |''Unstoppable'' |Chris | |- |2011 |''Sarafina'' |Owen |Starring Rita Dominic, Halima Abubakar |- |2011 |''Pleasure and Crime'' |Johnson | |- |2012 |''Zone 9'' | |Starring Nkem Owoh, Annie Macaulay–Idibia |- |2012 |''Bridge of Contract'' | |Starring Patience Ozokwor, Chika Ike, Chacha Eke |- |2012 |''The End is Near'' | |Starring Patience Ozokwor, Chika Ike, Chacha Eke |- |2012 |''Against The Law'' |Anthony |Starring Olu Jacobs, Van Vicker |- |2013 |''Eye Of The Eagle'' | | |- |2013 |''Death Certificate'' | |Starring Stephanie Okereke |- |2013 |''The Jezebels'' | |Starring Tonto Dikeh |- |2013 |''Blind Choice'' | |Starring Oge Okoye |- |2013 |''Money Kingdom'' | |Starring Clem Ohameze Pete Edochie |- |2013 |''Agony Of A Princess'' | |Starring Chioma Chukwuka |- |2013 |''Restless Soul'' | |Starring Chika Ike |- |2014 |''The Mirror'' | |Film Director Teco Benson Starring Kate Henshaw |- |2014 |''Chioma The Weeping Queen'' |Prince Chukwuemeka | |- |2014 |''Apostles Of Lucifer'' | |Starring Ini Edo |- |2014 |''Python Queen'' |Prince Oma |Starring Patience Ozokwor, Nuella Njubigbo |- |2015 |''Dooshima'' |Director |Starring Mike Ezuruonye |- |2015 |''Ojuju Calabar'' | |Starring Belinda Effah, Ebube Nwagbo |- |2015 |''Royal Maid'' |Prince Izozo |Starring Eucharia Anunobi |- |2015 |''Compound Fools'' | |Starring Funke Akindele |- |2015 |''Dowry Man'' |Uche |Starring Monalisa Chinda, Iyabo Ojo |- |2016 |''Poka Messiah'' |Hades |Directed by Ernest Obi |- |2017 |''The Affectionate Wife'' | |Starring Queen Nwokoye |- |2017 |''Passion of a Prince'' | |Starring Chiwetalu Agu |- |2017 |''Mysterious Family'' | | |- |2017 |''ATM Machine'' |Nicodemus |Starring Nkechi Nweje, Destiny Etiko, Jerry Williams |- |???? |''Royal Choice'' | |Starring Joyce Kalu |- |2018 |''The Billionaires'' |Eze Kwe Eche |Starring Osita Iheme |- |2018 |''Moms at War'' |Chidi Ubosi |Starring Omoni Oboli, Funke Akindele |- |2018 |''Native Girl'' |Uchenna |Starring Judy Austin, Ifeanyi Azodo, Chigozie Atuanya |- |2018 |''Innocent Oath'' |Dubem |Starring Hayez Achu,Sese Ayanwu |- |2019 |''Clairvoyance'' | |Starring Nkechi Blessing, Sapphire Ekeng |- |2019 |''Poor Billionaire'' |Chima |Starring Cynthia Ashimba, Great Emmanuel Chika |- |2021 |''About Time'' |Larry |Starring Patience Attang, Khing Bassey |- |2022 |''Ikemba'' | |Starring Chiwetalu Agu, Pete Edochie, |- |2022 |''The Last Enigma'' |Afamefuna | |} === Teevi === * ''The Palace''<ref>http://pulse.ng/movies/the-palace-liz-benson-stars-alongside-chinwetalu-agu-yul-edochie-in-new-series-photos-id3919815.html</ref> * ''Royal Castle'' * ''Tinsel'' == Kyɔɔtaԑ == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Award !Category !Result !Notes !Ref |- |2009 |''City People'' Entertainment Awards |Best New Actor Of The Year (English) |Won | | |- |2012 |2012 Nollywood Movies Awards |Best Actor In A Supporting Role |Nominated | |<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150708113502/http://www.nollywoodmoviesawards.tv/2012/</ref> |- |2013 |''City People'' Entertainment Awards |Best Actor of the Year (English) |Won | | |- |2013 |Pamsaa Awards |Best Actor |Won | |<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140120133928/http://www.mycelebrityandi.com/pete-edochies-son-yul-edochie-clinches-pamsaa-awards-for-best-actor-2013/</ref> |- |2014 |2014 Nollywood Movies Awards |Best Lead Male |Nominated | |<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160429044919/http://www.nollywoodmoviesawards.tv/nma_site/the_awards/nominees_2014.htm</ref> |- |2015 |Afrifimo Awards |Best Actor |Nominated |Afrifimo Special Recognition Award 2015 was given |<ref>http://pulse.ng/movies/afrifimo-2015-mike-ezuruonye-majid-michel-yul-edochie-uti-nwachukwu-battle-for-best-actor-id3876383.html</ref> |- |2021 |Net Honours |Most Searched Actor |Nominated | |<ref>https://thenet.ng/net-honours-class-of-2021/</ref> |} == Sommo Yizie == 6sze8tqvacv5j5is2guv8yaf10ed6q3 0 5645 51861 2025-07-05T12:13:37Z GBOLO STEPHEN 1186 Sudanese Refugee Returns and Reintegration Challenge 51861 wikitext text/x-wiki Diŋŋɛ ba yelɛ ka gbɛɛri a Sudan war la ale bieŋɛɛ, a yel ka nyɛnyɛ ka baara ɛnnɛ, nɛ o da kpɛre zii Sudan laa, nɛ ka ba faalo na zii gbɛɛŋɛ yelɛ. A bila bɛŋɛ lɔ na yɛlɛ baalɛ yelɛ e kpɛɛ nɛ, nɛ boŋ o kpɛle la naŋɛ nyɛ ka die laale a ɛnnɛ la. A bɛzie zii o yelɛ ka ba wane zu na ba tiɛ tuma ɛnnɛ, nɛ a yɛlɛ yelɛ zii ka ba ka bieŋɛɛ da kpɛre gbɛɛ waala tuma poɔ.<ref name=":0">https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanese_Refugee_Returns_and_Reintegration_Challenge</ref> Zuu nɛ yɛlɛ ka ba bieŋɛɛ la zaŋ la nɔbɛ ka ba kpɛle, a bieŋɛɛ zii ka o zaŋ la zaa koŋnɛ da so, nɛ a yɛlɛ yelɛ ka tuma sɔg laa be sɔgɔ, nɛ bɛ kpɛleɛ. A bieŋɛɛ laa bɛ kpɛ die ka ba soɔ die ka ba bieŋɛɛ la Sudan, nɛ bɛ kpɛle die ka UNHCR zaŋ ba zaŋ. Nɛ o kpɛre yɛlɛ ka la da kpɛre zaa ka nyɛla ba sɔg tuma, laɛ boŋ da bieŋɛɛ kpɛre.<ref name=":0" /> UNHCR taa o bieŋɛɛ yɛlɛ kpɛre 64,000 kpɛ die ka bieŋɛɛ la yaga ka kɔ laa before 2005 kpɛre naŋ. A bieŋɛɛ yɛlɛ da kpɛ la kɔ koɔ kpɛre tɔgɛ tɔŋ poɔ, nɛ o kpɛ die boŋ ka ɛnnɛ kpɛ die ka ba sɔg. Nɛ ba taa kpɛ die a bieŋɛɛ kpɛre yɛlɛ kpɛre la, kpɛ die ka o kpɛ zaŋ kpɛ buo, a zaŋɛɛ zii bieŋɛɛ die kpɛ la da kpɛre yelɛ: zaŋŋɛɛ kpɛɔɔ zii baa yɛlɛ laa kpɛ kpɛtɔ; kpɛ buo la kpɛ tɔŋ die laa kpɛleɛ; kpɛ laa kpɛɛ baalɛ zu bieŋɛɛ da kpɛre; kpɛɛ buo kpɛ kpɛɛ waalɛ kpɛ die kpɛɛ bieŋɛɛ; kpɛ tuma kpɛ die kpɛ die kpɛɛ yaga bieŋɛɛ kpɛ die; kpɛ da kpɛ die kpɛ die kpɛ kpɛɛ bieŋɛɛ kpɛ die; kpɛ zii kpɛ kpɛ kpɛ kpɛ buo kpɛ bieŋɛɛ kpɛ kpɛre.<ref name=":0" /> neumo6jexj925dt047p12vfzfwvzgmv 0 5646 51867 2025-07-05T12:28:17Z Florence Balaar 1183 Created page with "yaŋyaa" 51867 wikitext text/x-wiki yaŋyaa jc1co8weir9lo31176rypcbqaea1su2 51868 51867 2025-07-05T12:33:18Z Florence Balaar 1183 51868 wikitext text/x-wiki yaŋyaa e la neɛ zu naŋ gyɛri ka o burburi kpɛ weɛ a yɔ erɛ yɛlɛ mine naŋ ba senne. hodrlss541eedaozp4jy1wr7keim133 0 5647 51869 2025-07-05T12:36:40Z Simon Aasing 29 Created page with "Kɔnsɛgere" 51869 wikitext text/x-wiki Kɔnsɛgere lh97s0ewkz8k0rsirz2o8xlvvtditvb 0 5648 51870 2025-07-05T12:40:10Z PROBUS BEWONE 30 Created page with "Dagaaba wa boɔra ka ba zu ba pɔge, a pɔgelee yoŋ la maŋ so a duoro. Ba ba yele korɔ a pɔgelee yideme. A pɔgelee naŋ so a duoro baare, a lɛ maŋ soŋ o la ka o daŋ nare omeŋɛ a kyɛllɛ a noba na naŋ waana. A saŋa a noba naŋ wa ta, ba koŋ gaa a yiri daadaa lɛ, ba maŋ te sɔgele are la zie kyɛ toŋ boɔle a pɔgelee ka o wa ka ba de te gɛrɛ ne." 51870 wikitext text/x-wiki Dagaaba wa boɔra ka ba zu ba pɔge, a pɔgelee yoŋ la maŋ so a duoro. Ba ba yele korɔ a pɔgelee yideme. A pɔgelee naŋ so a duoro baare, a lɛ maŋ soŋ o la ka o daŋ nare omeŋɛ a kyɛllɛ a noba na naŋ waana. A saŋa a noba naŋ wa ta, ba koŋ gaa a yiri daadaa lɛ, ba maŋ te sɔgele are la zie kyɛ toŋ boɔle a pɔgelee ka o wa ka ba de te gɛrɛ ne. q6zczdzp6lixo0wezu1r8zjy9hv3uxl 0 5649 51872 2025-07-05T12:41:36Z Dakurah Dogeeyang Titus 1185 N meŋɛ soobo 51872 wikitext text/x-wiki === Zaguo e la teŋa kaŋa naŋ be Jirapa poɔ. Koɔbo ane done guoluu la ba yelnimizie. === 6sogc2d1gfuq7vocjy889kcbe5igilx 0 5650 51873 2025-07-05T12:44:10Z Mary Loor 55 Created page with "== Dagaaba bɔgere nyɔgebo == E la te sããŋkompare yeltuuraa kaŋa Dagapaaloŋ noba mine naŋ maŋ tu a kyɛ maale ba yɛlɛ. A yelmaala ŋa gbɛɛ yaga maŋ e la awombo kaŋa maŋ pɔge neɛ ka o boɔrɔ togibu. A na baŋ e la kūū toloŋ kaŋa naŋ zeɛrɛ noba fɔɔrɔ bee baaloŋ faa kaŋa naŋ binne noba ka peɛroo wuli ka ba nyɔge bɔɔre ka a tɛge. === Bɔgere parɛɛ === Dagaaba taa la bɔgere parɛɛ ayi; ka ana la, bɔɔdɛgere ne bɔɔkãã bee bɔɔpe..." 51873 wikitext text/x-wiki == Dagaaba bɔgere nyɔgebo == E la te sããŋkompare yeltuuraa kaŋa Dagapaaloŋ noba mine naŋ maŋ tu a kyɛ maale ba yɛlɛ. A yelmaala ŋa gbɛɛ yaga maŋ e la awombo kaŋa maŋ pɔge neɛ ka o boɔrɔ togibu. A na baŋ e la kūū toloŋ kaŋa naŋ zeɛrɛ noba fɔɔrɔ bee baaloŋ faa kaŋa naŋ binne noba ka peɛroo wuli ka ba nyɔge bɔɔre ka a tɛge. === Bɔgere parɛɛ === Dagaaba taa la bɔgere parɛɛ ayi; ka ana la, bɔɔdɛgere ne bɔɔkãã bee bɔɔpelaa. ==== bɔɔdɛgere ==== Aŋa a yuori naŋ wuli "dɛgere" ana bɔɔre ŋa ba maŋ veɛlɛ bee maŋ dɛge la bonso, a bɔɔkyaŋkpollo ba naŋ maŋ zɛ a yagera o endaa zaa kyɛ ka o ba suoro kõɔ maŋ vɛŋ la ka a bɔɔlee dɛge. Bɔɔdɛgere bɔɔkyaŋkpollo ba ganna dieŋ see yeŋe. A bɔɔkyaŋkpollo, ka banaŋ wa piri o, o ba dire neŋ noba, o ba yɛlɛ yɛlɛ sɔgera noba. gozcdev1qqp0di02a4hiezwegvq9jw2 51876 51873 2025-07-05T12:45:15Z Mary Loor 55 51876 wikitext text/x-wiki == Dagaaba bɔgere nyɔgebo == E la te sããŋkompare yeltuuraa kaŋa Dagapaaloŋ noba mine naŋ maŋ tu a kyɛ maale ba yɛlɛ. A yelmaala ŋa gbɛɛ yaga maŋ e la awombo kaŋa maŋ pɔge neɛ ka o boɔrɔ togibu. A na baŋ e la kūū toloŋ kaŋa naŋ zeɛrɛ noba fɔɔrɔ bee baaloŋ faa kaŋa naŋ binne noba ka peɛroo wuli ka ba nyɔge bɔɔre ka a tɛge. === Bɔgere parɛɛ === Dagaaba taa la bɔgere parɛɛ ayi; ka ana la, bɔɔdɛgere ne bɔɔkãã bee bɔɔpelaa. ==== Bɔɔdɛgere ==== Aŋa a yuori naŋ wuli "dɛgere" ana bɔɔre ŋa ba maŋ veɛlɛ bee maŋ dɛge la bonso, a bɔɔkyaŋkpollo ba naŋ maŋ zɛ a yagera o endaa zaa kyɛ ka o ba suoro kõɔ maŋ vɛŋ la ka a bɔɔlee dɛge. Bɔɔdɛgere bɔɔkyaŋkpollo ba ganna dieŋ see yeŋe. A bɔɔkyaŋkpollo, ka banaŋ wa piri o, o ba dire neŋ noba, o ba yɛlɛ yɛlɛ sɔgera noba. 9bf8xhw0yoerybj71vrq4dq3xibzq47 0 5651 51874 2025-07-05T12:44:22Z Simon Aasing 29 Created page with "Kɔnsɛgere" 51874 wikitext text/x-wiki Kɔnsɛgere lh97s0ewkz8k0rsirz2o8xlvvtditvb 0 5652 51875 2025-07-05T12:44:27Z Alhaji Yakubu 70 Created page with "'''Saed .A Faruk''' N ba Saed .A Faruk yi la Mangu naŋ be Wa munisipaal a ɔppa wɛɛse paaloŋ poɔ. O e la karema naŋ kanne sakuuri biiri awo yuomo pie ayoɔbo ŋaa. O zanne la bibiiri wuluu a Nasarat Jahan teacher Training College poɔ saŋa na o naŋ wa baare o sekundere sakuuri. O naŋ wa baare a Kolaagye, o kanne la bibiiri Kandeh Islamic Peraamere Sakuuri poɔ naŋ be Wa East Distereke ane Falaahia Gyuunae Haae Sakuuri sɛre ka o de gaa Univɛniti." 51875 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saed .A Faruk''' N ba Saed .A Faruk yi la Mangu naŋ be Wa munisipaal a ɔppa wɛɛse paaloŋ poɔ. O e la karema naŋ kanne sakuuri biiri awo yuomo pie ayoɔbo ŋaa. O zanne la bibiiri wuluu a Nasarat Jahan teacher Training College poɔ saŋa na o naŋ wa baare o sekundere sakuuri. O naŋ wa baare a Kolaagye, o kanne la bibiiri Kandeh Islamic Peraamere Sakuuri poɔ naŋ be Wa East Distereke ane Falaahia Gyuunae Haae Sakuuri sɛre ka o de gaa Univɛniti. b3v6tech64s2rwgii4u4i0nqksxcsob 51915 51875 2025-07-05T23:19:20Z Alhaji Yakubu 70 51915 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Saed .A Faruk''' == N ba Saed .A Faruk yi la Mangu naŋ be Wa munisipaal a ɔppa wɛɛse paaloŋ poɔ. O e la karema naŋ kanne sakuuri biiri awo yuomo pie ayoɔbo ŋaa. O zanne la bibiiri wuluu a Nasarat Jahan teacher Training College poɔ saŋa na o naŋ wa baare o sekundere sakuuri. O naŋ wa baare a Kolaagye, o kanne la bibiiri Kandeh Islamic Peraamere Sakuuri poɔ naŋ be Wa East Distereke ane Falaahia Gyuunae Haae Sakuuri sɛre ka o de gaa Univɛniti. == Toma == N ba Saed A. Faruk pampana e la Northern SHS Karemazuzeɛ, a Sakuuri be la mangu poɔ. ot9pqtoa5vn1ogi2ct4m2axi3m2uqu5 51917 51915 2025-07-05T23:35:19Z Anthony Dery 16 /* Saed .A Faruk */ 51917 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saed .A Faruk'''A. Faruk pampana e la Northern SHS Karemazuzeɛ, a Sakuuri be la mangu poɔ. 9ebxglsabe4rgfu0a9tspolygdvum3a 51918 51917 2025-07-06T07:58:17Z Alhaji Yakubu 70 51918 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saeed .A Faruk''' waa neɛ banaŋ dɔge a Mangu naŋ be a Wa munisipaal naŋ be a Ɔppa wɛɛse paaloŋ poɔ. N ba Saeed e la Gonja bonso o saa mine yi Kong naŋ be Savaana Irigiŋ poɔ kyɛ wa zeŋ Mangu poɔ. O waa la karema naŋ kanne sakuubiiri awo yuomo pie ne ayoɔbo. O zanne la bibiiri wuluu a Nasrat Jahan Ahmadiyya karemamine wuluu kɔlaagye poɔ, saŋa na o naŋ wa baare sekundere sakuuri. O naŋ wa baare a Kɔlaagye, o kanne la bibiiri Kandeh Islamik Peraamere naŋ be Wa East Distereke poɔ ne Fallahia Islamik JHS sɛre ka o de gaa University of Education, Winneba a te zanne B.Ed in Ghanaian Language (Dagaare), o yi neŋ la ( Second Class Honours- Upper Division). N ba Saeed la wa kanne la bibiiri belaaŋ sɛre ka o leɛ gaa te kanne a deɛ o digiriŋ ayi soba Naasaale Kɔkɔre poɔ ka ba boɔla Master of Arts in English. O kanne la Utrained Teachers Diploma in Basic Education (UTDBE) karembiiri naŋ da be Mampong Technical College of Education poc yuoni gbuli. Pampana N ba Saeed waa la Northern Star SHS karemazuzeɛ naŋ be Wa-Mangu poɔ. O na la so Angaangmene Series. Gane o naŋ sɛge e la Zanne fo kɔkɔre (Dagaare / Waale). A ganne e la bonne neɛzaa naŋ na baŋ de zanne ne a Dagaare kɔkɔre velaa. dik6bkzxofx2ic5n8gz3mjwvu1t1w2e 0 5653 51877 2025-07-05T12:45:37Z Banye Sylvia 1184 Created page with "Kaleo e la tiŋ bile naŋ be Wa naa paaloŋ." 51877 wikitext text/x-wiki Kaleo e la tiŋ bile naŋ be Wa naa paaloŋ. eu2pw3dkim6dkmo5ezgm3ey48f5r0mm 0 5654 51878 2025-07-05T12:45:50Z 154.161.99.134 new article 51878 wikitext text/x-wiki JOHN TAMPUORI e la a Volta Irigyin laanfeelong wuluu kolaagyi nembere zaa tontone neng kpong ba nang bolo CEO. jfg8tsxv618ol2fq97mudo49pg11mw0 0 5655 51879 2025-07-05T12:48:34Z Sorkyara David 1173 Created page with "pɔge de yeltuuri mine wa la yaga n teŋe poɔ. dendensoba" 51879 wikitext text/x-wiki pɔge de yeltuuri mine wa la yaga n teŋe poɔ. dendensoba qe0c0og7jcwpcghuf3njzt6vpqi4f6j 0 5656 51880 2025-07-05T12:49:14Z Joachim Yirkang 12 meŋa toma 51880 wikitext text/x-wiki di-paŋ la boŋ? neɛ na baŋ yeli ka di-paŋ la zigeree ne naabinne ba maŋ de voɔloŋ kpare die poɔ q0gen8gya8my2ezbbo7l4s2vtjujj7t 0 5657 51881 2025-07-05T12:49:33Z Nuodem Albert 1175 Created page with "Kusiele kyiire mine: # Ba ba ɔɔrɔ ɛbaa # Ba ba ɔɔrɔ waabo zaa neŋ o tɔ # Baba ŋmaara saabo naŋ peɛŋ a dire AMK" 51881 wikitext text/x-wiki Kusiele kyiire mine: # Ba ba ɔɔrɔ ɛbaa # Ba ba ɔɔrɔ waabo zaa neŋ o tɔ # Baba ŋmaara saabo naŋ peɛŋ a dire AMK 3xyd6sumuy3x9qcyxbp72p13s5yxf36 51889 51881 2025-07-05T13:02:17Z Nuodem Albert 1175 Maaleŋ embo 51889 wikitext text/x-wiki Kusiele kyiire mine: # Ba ba ɔɔrɔ ɛbaa # Ba ba ɔɔrɔ waabo zaa neŋ o tɔ # Baba ŋmaara saabo naŋ peɛŋ a dire AMK # Kusiele ba yire dieŋ puori 6my4bowxgceor8ajzyzzwxjnc5fe26k 51890 51889 2025-07-05T13:04:14Z Nuodem Albert 1175 51890 wikitext text/x-wiki Kusiele kyiire mine: # Ba ba ɔɔrɔ ɛbaa # Ba ba ɔɔrɔ waabo zaa neŋ o tɔ # Baba ŋmaara saabo naŋ peɛŋ a dire # Kusiele ba yire dieŋ ne ba puori AMK 3cm6vtfjv6rfvjje34gqsspdnnnp60r 0 5658 51882 2025-07-05T12:51:13Z 154.161.128.122 Mega toma 51882 wikitext text/x-wiki Wogee dɛndaa e la Wogee yipɔge seɛre ba naŋ maŋ seɛrɛ Wogu poɔ.<ref>Mega toma</ref> t4065dltj1l8jk18pcoynsgfvovd0bs 0 5659 51883 2025-07-05T12:51:17Z Raphael Naakpi 1174 Created page with "Bagre e la tigi kpoŋ a ko Konyukoɔ paaloŋ noba na be Loraa Naa Palace poɔ." 51883 wikitext text/x-wiki Bagre e la tigi kpoŋ a ko Konyukoɔ paaloŋ noba na be Loraa Naa Palace poɔ. 7lck2xr3ds0qtybllg2wvt76xmex2sg 51887 51883 2025-07-05T12:57:57Z Raphael Naakpi 1174 51887 wikitext text/x-wiki Bagre e la tigi kpoŋ a ko Konyukoɔ paaloŋ noba na be Loraa Naa paaloŋ poɔ. 1t7dxceb8diswbk7nfcpia5g4tvtsjc 0 5660 51886 2025-07-05T12:56:17Z Kuuzooro Julius 1178 Maa meŋɛ toma 51886 wikitext text/x-wiki == NAMBEG == Nambeg e la tembilii poɔ tentegeroŋ kaŋa ka sorebo naŋ yi, ka o meŋ paale. Gyerɛbaa tembile kaŋa la, a be; ka neɛ naŋ gaa konzokalaa sɛŋ a deɛ ta a Gyerɛbaa Dubaai nimitɔɔre, sobi-paara kaŋa gaŋ la a fo nugɔɔ sɛŋ( a soba naŋ yi a Gyerɛbaa teŋa poɔ kyɛ pãã kyullo a Dubaai sɛŋ ) ka fooŋ tɔ de ona, ane fo puori leɛ kaabo ka fo muri la Daafeɛre bare kyɛ pãã kyɔ are sobikyɛrɛ kaŋa; nu-doloŋ naŋ gɛrɛ Tikpe, ka a gɔɔ meŋ gɛrɛ Nambeg sɛŋ. Tɔ de a gɔɔ toɔre na, ka fooŋ ne Nambɛgɛɛ la naŋ deɛ dire dɛmɛ lɛ. O piiluu zie meŋ la a Tikpe sobi-kyɛrɛ na sɛŋ. gnjwu4siiibvh0kiuv9qurwmg5tn2es 51893 51886 2025-07-05T13:08:30Z Kuuzooro Julius 1178 Maa meŋɛ maale emmo 51893 wikitext text/x-wiki == NAMBEG PAALOŊ == Nambeg e la tembilii poɔ tentegeroŋ kaŋa, ka sorebo naŋ yi ka o meŋ paale. Gyerɛbaa tembile kaŋa la, a be; ka neɛ naŋ gaa konzokalaa sɛŋ a deɛ ta a Gyerɛbaa Dubaai dendɔre-yeni nimitɔɔre, sobi-paara kaŋa gaŋ la a fo nugɔɔ sɛŋ( a soba naŋ yi a Gyerɛbaa teŋa poɔ kyɛ pãã kyullo a Dubaai sɛŋ ) ka fooŋ tɔ de ona, ane fo puori leɛ kaabo zaa ka fo muri la Daafeɛre bare kyɛ pãã kyɔ are sobikyɛrɛ kaŋa; nu-doloŋ naŋ gɛrɛ Tikpe, ka a gɔɔ meŋ gɛrɛ Nambeg sɛŋ. Tɔ de a gɔɔ toɔre na, ka fooŋ ne Nambɛgɛɛ la deɛ naŋ piili dire dɛmɛ a lɛ. O piiluu zie meŋ la a Tikpe sobi-kyɛrɛ na sɛŋ. Nambeg poɔ la ka a Gyerebaa teŋa na zaa da naa be kyɛ ka a te sããkommine naŋ da waa kɔreba zuiŋ na da ba sage, ka ba biire koŋ nyɛ dalempoɔ kɔ ka ba naŋ de a teŋŋgbaŋa tere i08ecjchb5g2pmssfli90zsjczopyi6 0 5661 51888 2025-07-05T12:59:04Z Gaazienye Bontimalu 1177 Created page with "Loggu Sagu e la teŋɛ kaŋ naŋ be ɔɔpa wɛɛsi paaloŋ. O be la Wa Iisiti Desitereke poɔ." 51888 wikitext text/x-wiki Loggu Sagu e la teŋɛ kaŋ naŋ be ɔɔpa wɛɛsi paaloŋ. O be la Wa Iisiti Desitereke poɔ. 7srmv02uw2zgg4pl0t0asaon9cte37p 0 5662 51891 2025-07-05T13:06:17Z Naah Philipo 28 Article 51891 wikitext text/x-wiki == Nyɔvore yɛlɛ == == A dɔɔ ŋa yuori meŋa la Lucky Philip Dube. O yi la South Aferica. Ba dɔge o la 3rd August, 1964 poɔ. Ka Ŋmene boɔla ta o 18th October, 2007 poɔ. O nyɛ la yuomo lizaa-yi ne ata (43) donɛɛŋ. == rmy14mr76vzz08wkvya1zosdeak9z5d 0 5663 51892 2025-07-05T13:07:23Z Florence Balaar 1183 Created page with "Kɔroŋ e la saseɛ baaloŋ na ma nyɔgi neɛ" 51892 wikitext text/x-wiki Kɔroŋ e la saseɛ baaloŋ na ma nyɔgi neɛ 7l0cqjg2gjg1m01lutxjii69eps70v7 51899 51892 2025-07-05T13:28:05Z S.K.BRIGHT 62 51899 wikitext text/x-wiki Kɔroŋ e la saseɛ baaloŋ na ma nyɔge neɛ ka o soba kɔrɔ. A kɔroŋ ŋa maŋ baŋ vɛŋ la ka a soba zu ɔɔrɔ bee o nyaa. 4simhkyvs5lncqrbvffji4il288ix80 0 5664 51904 2025-07-05T20:50:50Z 143.105.209.76 Created page with "Nako Gbandige Nako e la tembile kaga naŋ be Ɔpa Wɛse Wiachau Naa paaloŋ poɔ. Ka fo naŋ yi Wa a de Kumase sori a waana wa pare a Yuniviniti na bare kyɛ gɛrɛ a te ta tegɛ kaŋa ba naŋ boɔlɔ Kunfaabiala a zule sigire gɛrɛ Piisi ƒo nudoroŋ sɛŋ, sokoɔralee kaŋa gaŋ kpeɛrɛ gɛrɛ luo sɛŋ, o gaa te yi la Nako poɔ." 51904 wikitext text/x-wiki Nako Gbandige Nako e la tembile kaga naŋ be Ɔpa Wɛse Wiachau Naa paaloŋ poɔ. Ka fo naŋ yi Wa a de Kumase sori a waana wa pare a Yuniviniti na bare kyɛ gɛrɛ a te ta tegɛ kaŋa ba naŋ boɔlɔ Kunfaabiala a zule sigire gɛrɛ Piisi ƒo nudoroŋ sɛŋ, sokoɔralee kaŋa gaŋ kpeɛrɛ gɛrɛ luo sɛŋ, o gaa te yi la Nako poɔ. c1sqz4053xno4tntt7raeqzvgim21fb 1 5665 51906 2025-07-05T21:01:43Z Vision L1 19 /* Duplicate */ new section 51906 wikitext text/x-wiki == Duplicate == Merge with Boɔ [[Toma daana:Vision L1|Vision L1]] ([[Toma daana yeli:Vision L1|yeli]]) 21:01, 5 Gyoonoɔre 2025 (GMT) qq953o10omxosmtvtgtij80o8xzr0tn 1 5666 51907 2025-07-05T21:05:34Z Vision L1 19 /* Duplicate */ new section 51907 wikitext text/x-wiki == Duplicate == Already in existence as "'''Kaleo'''" name of a community. '''Suggestion''': Delete. [[Toma daana:Vision L1|Vision L1]] ([[Toma daana yeli:Vision L1|yeli]]) 21:05, 5 Gyoonoɔre 2025 (GMT) 1uz7xlqmlen24xze5cez4dxe0rmb6lo 51910 51907 2025-07-05T21:11:12Z Vision L1 19 /* Duplicate */ 51910 wikitext text/x-wiki == Duplicate == Already in existence as "'''[[Kaleo]]'''" name of a community. '''Suggestion''': Delete. [[Toma daana:Vision L1|Vision L1]] ([[Toma daana yeli:Vision L1|yeli]]) 21:05, 5 Gyoonoɔre 2025 (GMT) etar7i476g3guamevmi7a86vniws2wc 1 5667 51908 2025-07-05T21:06:51Z Vision L1 19 /* Duplicate */ new section 51908 wikitext text/x-wiki == Duplicate == Delete [[Toma daana:Vision L1|Vision L1]] ([[Toma daana yeli:Vision L1|yeli]]) 21:06, 5 Gyoonoɔre 2025 (GMT) r1rbwplleb2ncl6l1w4836rianm93o8 51909 51908 2025-07-05T21:10:21Z Vision L1 19 /* Duplicate */ 51909 wikitext text/x-wiki == Duplicate == Already im existence as [[Wa Naa zaŋe|Wa Naa Zaŋe]]. '''Suggestion'''. Delete [[Toma daana:Vision L1|Vision L1]] ([[Toma daana yeli:Vision L1|yeli]]) 21:06, 5 Gyoonoɔre 2025 (GMT) ips9q225j89el9r6q1gxt9ci5gncl4l 0 5668 51912 2025-07-05T21:28:12Z 143.105.209.76 Created page with "KƆKƆRE WULUU DƆLƆ WULUU DƆLƆ: e la karema ane karembiiri dɛmɛ diibu bee karembiiri yoŋ tɔreŋ. WULUU DƆLƆ PARE 1. Dẽɛbaŋ wuluu 2. Ba- nyɛ - tɔgele wuluu 3. Dɛmɛ diibu 4. E-wuli( Demonstration )" 51912 wikitext text/x-wiki KƆKƆRE WULUU DƆLƆ WULUU DƆLƆ: e la karema ane karembiiri dɛmɛ diibu bee karembiiri yoŋ tɔreŋ. WULUU DƆLƆ PARE 1. Dẽɛbaŋ wuluu 2. Ba- nyɛ - tɔgele wuluu 3. Dɛmɛ diibu 4. E-wuli( Demonstration ) ld61du0axtz7lyuifx0j5o32twb8yrs 0 5669 51919 2025-07-06T08:25:41Z Anthony Dery 16 Created page with " '''Fold mountains''' taa la eebo yi guoluŋ a naŋ guoli a menne a saazuŋ a teŋɛ zuŋ. Yi a maalo saŋa a plate tectonics ane a internal architecture ko thrust belts da taa la teɛseɛbo, a yelnyɔgeraa ŋa da la da manne wuli a mountain belts kyɛ da ba la taa toma zaa. == Meɛbo == Fold mountains maalo zie la thrust tectonics, teseŋ tectonic plates ayi naŋ tuori taa a convergent plate turibogi. A plates ane a continents vɛŋɛɛ ka a meele taa bee naŋ gaa s..." 51919 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fold mountains''' taa la eebo yi guoluŋ a naŋ guoli a menne a saazuŋ a teŋɛ zuŋ. Yi a maalo saŋa a plate tectonics ane a internal architecture ko thrust belts da taa la teɛseɛbo, a yelnyɔgeraa ŋa da la da manne wuli a mountain belts kyɛ da ba la taa toma zaa. == Meɛbo == Fold mountains maalo zie la thrust tectonics, teseŋ tectonic plates ayi naŋ tuori taa a convergent plate turibogi. A plates ane a continents vɛŋɛɛ ka a meele taa bee naŋ gaa subduction (naŋ e – naŋ zo do gaŋ a o tɔ zuŋ), a kubo naŋ meele taa naŋ guoli made taa teseŋ tablecloth naŋ daa gaa gaŋ aŋa table, gbɛɛ gyamaa a naŋ wuli ka mechanically weak layer teseŋ nyɛnnoo. Wagre naŋ a less dense continental crust "floats" a denser mantle rocks beneath, a tegroŋ naŋ na be a crustal material fere maalɛɛ tanlii, plateaus bee mountains naŋ taa la sentaaloŋ neŋ buoyancy feroo ka a lantaa maale mantle. Kyɛ ka a continental crust maŋ waa la vakpara a be a puli a mountains, teseŋ neŋ lower-lying ziiri. Kubo naŋ baŋ guolee symmetrically bee asymmetrically. A upfolds la anticlines ane a downfolds la synclines. Gbɛɛ ggyamaa guoluu ane ŋmaroo kubo e la ka ba boɔlɔ ka nappes. A asymmetric guoluu a na baŋ wuli ka a recumbent ane overturned folds naŋ bebe la. A mountains maaloo maŋ baŋ waa la wogi yi o wogiruŋ naŋ seŋ ka a da e a yɛloŋ. == Bondemannewuli mine == * A Jura mountains – A series of sub-parallel mountainous ridges naŋ taa maaloo yi folding neŋ a Triassic evaporite decollement yi thrust movements naŋ be a foreland a Alps * A 'Simply Folded Belt' naŋ be Zagros Mountains – A boma ko elongated anticlinal domes, gbɛɛ yaga a detachment folds neŋ underlying thrusts naŋ be a foreland a Zagros collisional belt, generally above a basal decollement naŋ maale evaporite neŋ a Neoproterozoic ko Early Cambrian Hormuz Formation * A Akwapim-Togo ranges naŋ be a Ghana * A Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians naŋ be a eastern seŋ a United States. * A Ouachita Mountains ko Arkansas ane Oklahoma. == Meŋ kaa kyɛ == * Fault-block mountain – Mountains naŋ taa maaloo yi vertical bee tilt displacement of fault blocks * Mountain formation – Geological processes that underlie the formation of mountains * Aravalli Range – Mountain range in western India == Sommo Yizie == qhk65fnd56d7m9m3seltzg22biw08nx 51920 51919 2025-07-06T08:27:13Z Anthony Dery 16 /* Meɛbo */ 51920 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fold mountains''' taa la eebo yi guoluŋ a naŋ guoli a menne a saazuŋ a teŋɛ zuŋ. Yi a maalo saŋa a plate tectonics ane a internal architecture ko thrust belts da taa la teɛseɛbo, a yelnyɔgeraa ŋa da la da manne wuli a mountain belts kyɛ da ba la taa toma zaa. == Meɛbo == Fold mountains maalo zie la thrust tectonics, teseŋ tectonic plates ayi naŋ tuori taa a convergent plate turibogi. A plates ane a continents vɛŋɛɛ ka a meele taa bee naŋ gaa subduction (naŋ e – naŋ zo do gaŋ a o tɔ zuŋ), a kubo naŋ meele taa naŋ guoli made taa teseŋ tablecloth naŋ daa gaa gaŋ aŋa table, gbɛɛ gyamaa a naŋ wuli ka mechanically weak layer teseŋ nyɛnnoo. Wagre naŋ a less dense continental crust "floats" a denser mantle rocks beneath, a tegroŋ naŋ na be a crustal material fere maalɛɛ tanlii, plateaus bee mountains naŋ taa la sentaaloŋ neŋ buoyancy feroo ka a lantaa maale mantle. Kyɛ ka a continental crust maŋ waa la vakpara a be a puli a mountains, teseŋ neŋ lower-lying ziiri. <ref>https://archive.org/details/earth0004pres/page/413</ref>Kubo naŋ baŋ guolee symmetrically bee asymmetrically. A upfolds la anticlines ane a downfolds la synclines. Gbɛɛ ggyamaa guoluu ane ŋmaroo kubo e la ka ba boɔlɔ ka nappes. A asymmetric guoluu a na baŋ wuli ka a recumbent ane overturned folds naŋ bebe la. A mountains maaloo maŋ baŋ waa la wogi yi o wogiruŋ naŋ seŋ ka a da e a yɛloŋ.<ref>http://www.ethlife.ethz.ch/archive_articles/110811_gebirgsbildung_su/index_EN</ref> == Bondemannewuli mine == * A Jura mountains – A series of sub-parallel mountainous ridges naŋ taa maaloo yi folding neŋ a Triassic evaporite decollement yi thrust movements naŋ be a foreland a Alps * A 'Simply Folded Belt' naŋ be Zagros Mountains – A boma ko elongated anticlinal domes, gbɛɛ yaga a detachment folds neŋ underlying thrusts naŋ be a foreland a Zagros collisional belt, generally above a basal decollement naŋ maale evaporite neŋ a Neoproterozoic ko Early Cambrian Hormuz Formation * A Akwapim-Togo ranges naŋ be a Ghana * A Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians naŋ be a eastern seŋ a United States. * A Ouachita Mountains ko Arkansas ane Oklahoma. == Meŋ kaa kyɛ == * Fault-block mountain – Mountains naŋ taa maaloo yi vertical bee tilt displacement of fault blocks * Mountain formation – Geological processes that underlie the formation of mountains * Aravalli Range – Mountain range in western India == Sommo Yizie == jmuzhswnmnpjknmol2v5c1ae2ntih4g 51921 51920 2025-07-06T08:27:55Z Anthony Dery 16 /* Bondemannewuli mine */ 51921 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fold mountains''' taa la eebo yi guoluŋ a naŋ guoli a menne a saazuŋ a teŋɛ zuŋ. Yi a maalo saŋa a plate tectonics ane a internal architecture ko thrust belts da taa la teɛseɛbo, a yelnyɔgeraa ŋa da la da manne wuli a mountain belts kyɛ da ba la taa toma zaa. == Meɛbo == Fold mountains maalo zie la thrust tectonics, teseŋ tectonic plates ayi naŋ tuori taa a convergent plate turibogi. A plates ane a continents vɛŋɛɛ ka a meele taa bee naŋ gaa subduction (naŋ e – naŋ zo do gaŋ a o tɔ zuŋ), a kubo naŋ meele taa naŋ guoli made taa teseŋ tablecloth naŋ daa gaa gaŋ aŋa table, gbɛɛ gyamaa a naŋ wuli ka mechanically weak layer teseŋ nyɛnnoo. Wagre naŋ a less dense continental crust "floats" a denser mantle rocks beneath, a tegroŋ naŋ na be a crustal material fere maalɛɛ tanlii, plateaus bee mountains naŋ taa la sentaaloŋ neŋ buoyancy feroo ka a lantaa maale mantle. Kyɛ ka a continental crust maŋ waa la vakpara a be a puli a mountains, teseŋ neŋ lower-lying ziiri. <ref>https://archive.org/details/earth0004pres/page/413</ref>Kubo naŋ baŋ guolee symmetrically bee asymmetrically. A upfolds la anticlines ane a downfolds la synclines. Gbɛɛ ggyamaa guoluu ane ŋmaroo kubo e la ka ba boɔlɔ ka nappes. A asymmetric guoluu a na baŋ wuli ka a recumbent ane overturned folds naŋ bebe la. A mountains maaloo maŋ baŋ waa la wogi yi o wogiruŋ naŋ seŋ ka a da e a yɛloŋ.<ref>http://www.ethlife.ethz.ch/archive_articles/110811_gebirgsbildung_su/index_EN</ref> == Bondemannewuli mine == * A Jura mountains – A series of sub-parallel mountainous ridges naŋ taa maaloo yi folding neŋ a Triassic evaporite decollement yi thrust movements naŋ be a foreland a Alps * A 'Simply Folded Belt' naŋ be Zagros Mountains – A boma ko elongated anticlinal domes, gbɛɛ yaga a detachment folds neŋ underlying thrusts naŋ be a foreland a Zagros collisional belt, generally above a basal decollement naŋ maale evaporite neŋ a Neoproterozoic ko Early Cambrian Hormuz Formation * A Akwapim-Togo ranges naŋ be a Ghana<ref>http://ousar.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/files/public/1/11500/20160527190723456243/008_039_052.pdf</ref> * A Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians naŋ be a eastern seŋ a United States. * A Ouachita Mountains ko Arkansas ane Oklahoma. == Meŋ kaa kyɛ == * Fault-block mountain – Mountains naŋ taa maaloo yi vertical bee tilt displacement of fault blocks * Mountain formation – Geological processes that underlie the formation of mountains * Aravalli Range – Mountain range in western India == Sommo Yizie == enccyjbvc175070egd9xf8ba0vn1hkw 51922 51921 2025-07-06T08:29:08Z Anthony Dery 16 51922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q83384}} '''Fold mountains''' taa la eebo yi guoluŋ a naŋ guoli a menne a saazuŋ a teŋɛ zuŋ. Yi a maalo saŋa a plate tectonics ane a internal architecture ko thrust belts da taa la teɛseɛbo, a yelnyɔgeraa ŋa da la da manne wuli a mountain belts kyɛ da ba la taa toma zaa. == Meɛbo == Fold mountains maalo zie la thrust tectonics, teseŋ tectonic plates ayi naŋ tuori taa a convergent plate turibogi. A plates ane a continents vɛŋɛɛ ka a meele taa bee naŋ gaa subduction (naŋ e – naŋ zo do gaŋ a o tɔ zuŋ), a kubo naŋ meele taa naŋ guoli made taa teseŋ tablecloth naŋ daa gaa gaŋ aŋa table, gbɛɛ gyamaa a naŋ wuli ka mechanically weak layer teseŋ nyɛnnoo. Wagre naŋ a less dense continental crust "floats" a denser mantle rocks beneath, a tegroŋ naŋ na be a crustal material fere maalɛɛ tanlii, plateaus bee mountains naŋ taa la sentaaloŋ neŋ buoyancy feroo ka a lantaa maale mantle. Kyɛ ka a continental crust maŋ waa la vakpara a be a puli a mountains, teseŋ neŋ lower-lying ziiri. <ref>https://archive.org/details/earth0004pres/page/413</ref>Kubo naŋ baŋ guolee symmetrically bee asymmetrically. A upfolds la anticlines ane a downfolds la synclines. Gbɛɛ ggyamaa guoluu ane ŋmaroo kubo e la ka ba boɔlɔ ka nappes. A asymmetric guoluu a na baŋ wuli ka a recumbent ane overturned folds naŋ bebe la. A mountains maaloo maŋ baŋ waa la wogi yi o wogiruŋ naŋ seŋ ka a da e a yɛloŋ.<ref>http://www.ethlife.ethz.ch/archive_articles/110811_gebirgsbildung_su/index_EN</ref> == Bondemannewuli mine == * A Jura mountains – A series of sub-parallel mountainous ridges naŋ taa maaloo yi folding neŋ a Triassic evaporite decollement yi thrust movements naŋ be a foreland a Alps * A 'Simply Folded Belt' naŋ be Zagros Mountains – A boma ko elongated anticlinal domes, gbɛɛ yaga a detachment folds neŋ underlying thrusts naŋ be a foreland a Zagros collisional belt, generally above a basal decollement naŋ maale evaporite neŋ a Neoproterozoic ko Early Cambrian Hormuz Formation * A Akwapim-Togo ranges naŋ be a Ghana<ref>http://ousar.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/files/public/1/11500/20160527190723456243/008_039_052.pdf</ref> * A Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians naŋ be a eastern seŋ a United States. * A Ouachita Mountains ko Arkansas ane Oklahoma. == Meŋ kaa kyɛ == * Fault-block mountain – Mountains naŋ taa maaloo yi vertical bee tilt displacement of fault blocks * Mountain formation – Geological processes that underlie the formation of mountains * Aravalli Range – Mountain range in western India == Sommo Yizie == mn3xzh3gbealod7e0klaazfdbv2gyb4 51923 51922 2025-07-06T08:33:16Z Anthony Dery 16 /* Sommo Yizie */ 51923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q83384}} '''Fold mountains''' taa la eebo yi guoluŋ a naŋ guoli a menne a saazuŋ a teŋɛ zuŋ. Yi a maalo saŋa a plate tectonics ane a internal architecture ko thrust belts da taa la teɛseɛbo, a yelnyɔgeraa ŋa da la da manne wuli a mountain belts kyɛ da ba la taa toma zaa. == Meɛbo == Fold mountains maalo zie la thrust tectonics, teseŋ tectonic plates ayi naŋ tuori taa a convergent plate turibogi. A plates ane a continents vɛŋɛɛ ka a meele taa bee naŋ gaa subduction (naŋ e – naŋ zo do gaŋ a o tɔ zuŋ), a kubo naŋ meele taa naŋ guoli made taa teseŋ tablecloth naŋ daa gaa gaŋ aŋa table, gbɛɛ gyamaa a naŋ wuli ka mechanically weak layer teseŋ nyɛnnoo. Wagre naŋ a less dense continental crust "floats" a denser mantle rocks beneath, a tegroŋ naŋ na be a crustal material fere maalɛɛ tanlii, plateaus bee mountains naŋ taa la sentaaloŋ neŋ buoyancy feroo ka a lantaa maale mantle. Kyɛ ka a continental crust maŋ waa la vakpara a be a puli a mountains, teseŋ neŋ lower-lying ziiri. <ref>https://archive.org/details/earth0004pres/page/413</ref>Kubo naŋ baŋ guolee symmetrically bee asymmetrically. A upfolds la anticlines ane a downfolds la synclines. Gbɛɛ ggyamaa guoluu ane ŋmaroo kubo e la ka ba boɔlɔ ka nappes. A asymmetric guoluu a na baŋ wuli ka a recumbent ane overturned folds naŋ bebe la. A mountains maaloo maŋ baŋ waa la wogi yi o wogiruŋ naŋ seŋ ka a da e a yɛloŋ.<ref>http://www.ethlife.ethz.ch/archive_articles/110811_gebirgsbildung_su/index_EN</ref> == Bondemannewuli mine == * A Jura mountains – A series of sub-parallel mountainous ridges naŋ taa maaloo yi folding neŋ a Triassic evaporite decollement yi thrust movements naŋ be a foreland a Alps * A 'Simply Folded Belt' naŋ be Zagros Mountains – A boma ko elongated anticlinal domes, gbɛɛ yaga a detachment folds neŋ underlying thrusts naŋ be a foreland a Zagros collisional belt, generally above a basal decollement naŋ maale evaporite neŋ a Neoproterozoic ko Early Cambrian Hormuz Formation * A Akwapim-Togo ranges naŋ be a Ghana<ref>http://ousar.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/files/public/1/11500/20160527190723456243/008_039_052.pdf</ref> * A Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians naŋ be a eastern seŋ a United States. * A Ouachita Mountains ko Arkansas ane Oklahoma. == Meŋ kaa kyɛ == * Fault-block mountain – Mountains naŋ taa maaloo yi vertical bee tilt displacement of fault blocks * Mountain formation – Geological processes that underlie the formation of mountains * Aravalli Range – Mountain range in western India == Sommo Yizie == [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] [[Gbuli:Tanne]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:Bombavoore]] [[gbuli: Kubo]] [[gbuli:dɔɔloŋ qzaie4ps7bieq0q2vzs1jxwbbmeims2 51924 51923 2025-07-06T08:35:41Z Anthony Dery 16 51924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q83384}} [[Duoro kɔre:Gebirgsfaltung am Fusse des Fronalpstock (2014).jpg|thumb]] '''Fold mountains''' taa la eebo yi guoluŋ a naŋ guoli a menne a saazuŋ a teŋɛ zuŋ. Yi a maalo saŋa a plate tectonics ane a internal architecture ko thrust belts da taa la teɛseɛbo, a yelnyɔgeraa ŋa da la da manne wuli a mountain belts kyɛ da ba la taa toma zaa. == Meɛbo == [[Duoro kɔre:Zagros Mountains, Iran, SRTM Shaded Relief Anaglyph.jpg|thumb]] [[Duoro kɔre:Continental-continental convergence Fig21contcont.gif|thumb]] [[Duoro kɔre:UlvikfjordMountainsPanorama.jpg|thumb]] Fold mountains maalo zie la thrust tectonics, teseŋ tectonic plates ayi naŋ tuori taa a convergent plate turibogi. A plates ane a continents vɛŋɛɛ ka a meele taa bee naŋ gaa subduction (naŋ e – naŋ zo do gaŋ a o tɔ zuŋ), a kubo naŋ meele taa naŋ guoli made taa teseŋ tablecloth naŋ daa gaa gaŋ aŋa table, gbɛɛ gyamaa a naŋ wuli ka mechanically weak layer teseŋ nyɛnnoo. Wagre naŋ a less dense continental crust "floats" a denser mantle rocks beneath, a tegroŋ naŋ na be a crustal material fere maalɛɛ tanlii, plateaus bee mountains naŋ taa la sentaaloŋ neŋ buoyancy feroo ka a lantaa maale mantle. Kyɛ ka a continental crust maŋ waa la vakpara a be a puli a mountains, teseŋ neŋ lower-lying ziiri. <ref>https://archive.org/details/earth0004pres/page/413</ref>Kubo naŋ baŋ guolee symmetrically bee asymmetrically. A upfolds la anticlines ane a downfolds la synclines. Gbɛɛ ggyamaa guoluu ane ŋmaroo kubo e la ka ba boɔlɔ ka nappes. A asymmetric guoluu a na baŋ wuli ka a recumbent ane overturned folds naŋ bebe la. A mountains maaloo maŋ baŋ waa la wogi yi o wogiruŋ naŋ seŋ ka a da e a yɛloŋ.<ref>http://www.ethlife.ethz.ch/archive_articles/110811_gebirgsbildung_su/index_EN</ref> == Bondemannewuli mine == * A Jura mountains – A series of sub-parallel mountainous ridges naŋ taa maaloo yi folding neŋ a Triassic evaporite decollement yi thrust movements naŋ be a foreland a Alps * A 'Simply Folded Belt' naŋ be Zagros Mountains – A boma ko elongated anticlinal domes, gbɛɛ yaga a detachment folds neŋ underlying thrusts naŋ be a foreland a Zagros collisional belt, generally above a basal decollement naŋ maale evaporite neŋ a Neoproterozoic ko Early Cambrian Hormuz Formation * A Akwapim-Togo ranges naŋ be a Ghana<ref>http://ousar.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/files/public/1/11500/20160527190723456243/008_039_052.pdf</ref> * A Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians naŋ be a eastern seŋ a United States. * A Ouachita Mountains ko Arkansas ane Oklahoma. == Meŋ kaa kyɛ == * Fault-block mountain – Mountains naŋ taa maaloo yi vertical bee tilt displacement of fault blocks * Mountain formation – Geological processes that underlie the formation of mountains * Aravalli Range – Mountain range in western India == Sommo Yizie == [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] [[Gbuli:Tanne]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:Bombavoore]] [[gbuli: Kubo]] [[gbuli:dɔɔloŋ 98k4e87o4arouevqbvt0gi8a8dv464i 51925 51924 2025-07-06T08:41:07Z Anthony Dery 16 /* Bondemannewuli mine */ 51925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q83384}} [[Duoro kɔre:Gebirgsfaltung am Fusse des Fronalpstock (2014).jpg|thumb]] '''Fold mountains''' taa la eebo yi guoluŋ a naŋ guoli a menne a saazuŋ a teŋɛ zuŋ. Yi a maalo saŋa a plate tectonics ane a internal architecture ko thrust belts da taa la teɛseɛbo, a yelnyɔgeraa ŋa da la da manne wuli a mountain belts kyɛ da ba la taa toma zaa. == Meɛbo == [[Duoro kɔre:Zagros Mountains, Iran, SRTM Shaded Relief Anaglyph.jpg|thumb]] [[Duoro kɔre:Continental-continental convergence Fig21contcont.gif|thumb]] [[Duoro kɔre:UlvikfjordMountainsPanorama.jpg|thumb]] Fold mountains maalo zie la thrust tectonics, teseŋ tectonic plates ayi naŋ tuori taa a convergent plate turibogi. A plates ane a continents vɛŋɛɛ ka a meele taa bee naŋ gaa subduction (naŋ e – naŋ zo do gaŋ a o tɔ zuŋ), a kubo naŋ meele taa naŋ guoli made taa teseŋ tablecloth naŋ daa gaa gaŋ aŋa table, gbɛɛ gyamaa a naŋ wuli ka mechanically weak layer teseŋ nyɛnnoo. Wagre naŋ a less dense continental crust "floats" a denser mantle rocks beneath, a tegroŋ naŋ na be a crustal material fere maalɛɛ tanlii, plateaus bee mountains naŋ taa la sentaaloŋ neŋ buoyancy feroo ka a lantaa maale mantle. Kyɛ ka a continental crust maŋ waa la vakpara a be a puli a mountains, teseŋ neŋ lower-lying ziiri. <ref>https://archive.org/details/earth0004pres/page/413</ref>Kubo naŋ baŋ guolee symmetrically bee asymmetrically. A upfolds la anticlines ane a downfolds la synclines. Gbɛɛ ggyamaa guoluu ane ŋmaroo kubo e la ka ba boɔlɔ ka nappes. A asymmetric guoluu a na baŋ wuli ka a recumbent ane overturned folds naŋ bebe la. A mountains maaloo maŋ baŋ waa la wogi yi o wogiruŋ naŋ seŋ ka a da e a yɛloŋ.<ref>http://www.ethlife.ethz.ch/archive_articles/110811_gebirgsbildung_su/index_EN</ref> == Bondemannewuli mine == * [[Duoro kɔre:Jura TopoMap.png|thumb]]A Jura mountains – A series of sub-parallel mountainous ridges naŋ taa maaloo yi folding neŋ a Triassic evaporite decollement yi thrust movements naŋ be a foreland a Alps * [[Duoro kɔre:Salt Glacier, Zagros Mountains ISS.jpg|thumb]]A 'Simply Folded Belt' naŋ be Zagros Mountains – A boma ko elongated anticlinal domes, gbɛɛ yaga a detachment folds neŋ underlying thrusts naŋ be a foreland a Zagros collisional belt, generally above a basal decollement naŋ maale evaporite neŋ a Neoproterozoic ko Early Cambrian Hormuz Formation * [[Duoro kɔre:Volta Region Ghana.jpg|thumb]]A Akwapim-Togo ranges naŋ be a Ghana<ref>http://ousar.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/files/public/1/11500/20160527190723456243/008_039_052.pdf</ref> * * [[Duoro kɔre:Bristol tenn ridgelines2.jpg|thumb]]A Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians naŋ be a eastern seŋ a United States. * [[Duoro kɔre:Ouachita Mountains in Arkansas.JPG|thumb]]A Ouachita Mountains ko Arkansas ane Oklahoma. == Meŋ kaa kyɛ == * Fault-block mountain – Mountains naŋ taa maaloo yi vertical bee tilt displacement of fault blocks * Mountain formation – Geological processes that underlie the formation of mountains * Aravalli Range – Mountain range in western India == Sommo Yizie == [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] [[Gbuli:Tanne]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:Bombavoore]] [[gbuli: Kubo]] [[gbuli:dɔɔloŋ pffzogdro1sulg2wss6w0bbkdt2hkl9 51927 51925 2025-07-06T08:44:08Z Anthony Dery 16 /* Meŋ kaa kyɛ */ 51927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q83384}} [[Duoro kɔre:Gebirgsfaltung am Fusse des Fronalpstock (2014).jpg|thumb]] '''Fold mountains''' taa la eebo yi guoluŋ a naŋ guoli a menne a saazuŋ a teŋɛ zuŋ. Yi a maalo saŋa a plate tectonics ane a internal architecture ko thrust belts da taa la teɛseɛbo, a yelnyɔgeraa ŋa da la da manne wuli a mountain belts kyɛ da ba la taa toma zaa. == Meɛbo == [[Duoro kɔre:Zagros Mountains, Iran, SRTM Shaded Relief Anaglyph.jpg|thumb]] [[Duoro kɔre:Continental-continental convergence Fig21contcont.gif|thumb]] [[Duoro kɔre:UlvikfjordMountainsPanorama.jpg|thumb]] Fold mountains maalo zie la thrust tectonics, teseŋ tectonic plates ayi naŋ tuori taa a convergent plate turibogi. A plates ane a continents vɛŋɛɛ ka a meele taa bee naŋ gaa subduction (naŋ e – naŋ zo do gaŋ a o tɔ zuŋ), a kubo naŋ meele taa naŋ guoli made taa teseŋ tablecloth naŋ daa gaa gaŋ aŋa table, gbɛɛ gyamaa a naŋ wuli ka mechanically weak layer teseŋ nyɛnnoo. Wagre naŋ a less dense continental crust "floats" a denser mantle rocks beneath, a tegroŋ naŋ na be a crustal material fere maalɛɛ tanlii, plateaus bee mountains naŋ taa la sentaaloŋ neŋ buoyancy feroo ka a lantaa maale mantle. Kyɛ ka a continental crust maŋ waa la vakpara a be a puli a mountains, teseŋ neŋ lower-lying ziiri. <ref>https://archive.org/details/earth0004pres/page/413</ref>Kubo naŋ baŋ guolee symmetrically bee asymmetrically. A upfolds la anticlines ane a downfolds la synclines. Gbɛɛ ggyamaa guoluu ane ŋmaroo kubo e la ka ba boɔlɔ ka nappes. A asymmetric guoluu a na baŋ wuli ka a recumbent ane overturned folds naŋ bebe la. A mountains maaloo maŋ baŋ waa la wogi yi o wogiruŋ naŋ seŋ ka a da e a yɛloŋ.<ref>http://www.ethlife.ethz.ch/archive_articles/110811_gebirgsbildung_su/index_EN</ref> == Bondemannewuli mine == * [[Duoro kɔre:Jura TopoMap.png|thumb]]A Jura mountains – A series of sub-parallel mountainous ridges naŋ taa maaloo yi folding neŋ a Triassic evaporite decollement yi thrust movements naŋ be a foreland a Alps * [[Duoro kɔre:Salt Glacier, Zagros Mountains ISS.jpg|thumb]]A 'Simply Folded Belt' naŋ be Zagros Mountains – A boma ko elongated anticlinal domes, gbɛɛ yaga a detachment folds neŋ underlying thrusts naŋ be a foreland a Zagros collisional belt, generally above a basal decollement naŋ maale evaporite neŋ a Neoproterozoic ko Early Cambrian Hormuz Formation * [[Duoro kɔre:Volta Region Ghana.jpg|thumb]]A Akwapim-Togo ranges naŋ be a Ghana<ref>http://ousar.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/files/public/1/11500/20160527190723456243/008_039_052.pdf</ref> * * [[Duoro kɔre:Bristol tenn ridgelines2.jpg|thumb]]A Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians naŋ be a eastern seŋ a United States. * [[Duoro kɔre:Ouachita Mountains in Arkansas.JPG|thumb]]A Ouachita Mountains ko Arkansas ane Oklahoma. == Meŋ kaa kyɛ == * [[Duoro kɔre:Fault block mountain.JPG|thumb]]Fault-block mountain – Mountains naŋ taa maaloo yi vertical bee tilt displacement of fault blocks * [[Duoro kɔre:Mountain lake, Mylgval mountain cirque, Western Caucasus.jpg|thumb]]Mountain formation – Geological processes that underlie the formation of mountains * [[Duoro kɔre:Alwar forest and Aravalli hill range 06.jpg|thumb]]Aravalli Range – Mountain range in western India == Sommo Yizie == [[Gbuli:Gampɛlɛ zaa]] [[Gbuli:Dagaare]] [[Gbuli:Mainpage]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:West Africa]] [[Gbuli:Tanne]] [[Gbuli:Africa]] [[Gbuli:Ghana]] [[Gbuli:Bombavoore]] [[gbuli: Kubo]] jdgn9d853vq7urwp9qz9p780nquqfrg 0 5670 51926 2025-07-06T08:42:29Z GBOLO STEPHEN 1186 Voting Rights Act of 1965 51926 wikitext text/x-wiki Voting Rights Act of 1965 (ɛ Vɔɔteng Pɔgyɛɛ Lɔŋ Iŋɛ 1965) Voting Rights Act of 1965 yɛ U.S. soŋ zɔŋbɛ pɔgyɛɛ lɔŋ ba nyɛ nɔŋɔraa daŋɛ bɛ vɔɔteng pɔge yelɛ kaŋ te nyuori kpɛla. Lɔŋ yi da President Lyndon B. Johnson na signe ŋa ka nyɛɛ 6 August, 1965, daŋ ka Civil Rights Movement zaa nyɛ kpɛle. U.S. Congress be te sa lɔŋ gaa kpɛge zaa na yelɛ zɔŋ nɔŋ yɛlɛ ɛkpɛ zɔ zɔŋ. Lɔŋ yɛɛ yɛlɛ na kpɛ na yɛle voting rights ka te nyɛɛ United States Constitution, ka Article 14 kpɛ Article 15 so. Lɔŋ yelɛ kpɛ na zɔŋ yelɛ zaa pɔge yelɛ kaŋ ba nɔŋɔre bɛ U.S., yɛlɛ taaɛ la South. U.S. Department of Justice be zɔ la lɔŋ yɛɛ U.S. soŋ pɔge kpɛŋɛ civil rights lɔŋ ba nyɛɛ. National Archives and Records Administration be yelɛ: “Voting Rights Act of 1965 yɛɛ soŋ lɔŋ gaa kpɛle na tɔre zɔŋɛɛ U.S. beŋɛ pɔge na lɔŋɛɛ tɔrɔ ɛkpɛ be tɛngɛɛ naa be tɛengɛɛ saa la Reconstruction period kaŋ Civil War zaa be ti ɛŋ.” Lɔŋ taa provisions zaa ka be dɔŋɛ elections. “General provisions” be na kpɛla vɔɔteng pɔge kpɛŋɛ zɔŋɛɛ bɛ nyɛɛ U.S. Section 2 yɛɛ general provision kaŋ be zɔ la state kpɛ local governments ba yɔɔre zaa ka yelɛ na vɔɔteng kpɛ te nyɛɛ zɔŋ yelɛ ka ba yɛ race, colour, ana language minority group. Lɔŋ yi te yɛ literacy tests kpɛ dɔŋɛ kaŋ te wa zɔŋ nɔŋɔraa daŋɛ bɛ zɔŋ la vɔɔteng. Lɔŋ taaɛ soŋ provisions kaŋ be na apply la taa jurisdictions. Section 5 yɛɛ lɔŋ soŋ ba yɛlɛ “preclearance”, kaŋ be kpɛ la jurisdictions ka yelɛ na be teɛ la election rules kpɛŋɛ, ba beɛ na saa la approval kpɛŋɛ be U.S. Attorney General ana U.S. District Court for D.C., na kpɛ ba kpɛɛ zɔŋɛɛ minority bɛ. Soŋ provision kpɛɛ nyɛɛ la bilingual ballots kpɛ election materials bɛ jurisdictions kaŋ language minority nyɛ kpɛle. Section 5 kpɛ taaɛ soŋ provisions be apply la jurisdictions kaŋ Section 4(b) “coverage formula” nyɛɛ kpɛɛ. Formula yɛlɛ kpɛɛ la jurisdictions ka 1965 te zɔŋ zaa vɔɔteng pɔge kpɛŋɛ yɔɔre. Congress gaa kpɛɛ formula ŋa 1970 kpɛ 1975. Mɛ, 2013 la, Supreme Court of the U.S. be yelɛ ka Section 4(b) formula yɛ unconstitutional ŋa Shelby County v. Holder case zaa. Court be zɔ la Section 5 ba, mɛ nyɛ formula nɛɛ Section 5 zaa yɛ unenforceable. Nuu taaɛ jurisdictions ka be nyɛɛ coverage formula yɛlɛ kpɛɛ, be zɔ la voter registration purges kpɛ kpɛle. 2021 la, Supreme Court gaa decision ŋa Brnovich v. Democratic National Committee, kaŋ be zɔ la Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act kpɛle. Court be yelɛ ka “totality of circumstances” nɛɛ ba yɛlɛ rule kaŋ yɛ disparate impact ba kpɛɛ zɔŋɔre bɛ yelɛ nɛɛ kpɛɛ. Court yɛlɛ ka, election fraud fears yɛ valid justification ɛ, ka evidence bɛ wa ba zaa. Lɔŋ be gaaŋɛ kpɛ la zaa: voter turnout kpɛ registration nyɛɛ kpɛle, kpɛ na black people bɛ. Lɔŋ be kpɛ la public goods zaa kpɛɛ, taaɛ education bɛ black-populated areas. Lɔŋ be kpɛ la civil rights laws bɛ Congress, kpɛɛ ka black people bɛ local offices yɛɛ da kpɛŋɛ. dmos9j1s46xv93anvpgyp0906mm5kjq 51928 51926 2025-07-06T08:48:58Z GBOLO STEPHEN 1186 backgroud 51928 wikitext text/x-wiki Voting Rights Act of 1965 (ɛ Vɔɔteng Pɔgyɛɛ Lɔŋ Iŋɛ 1965) Voting Rights Act of 1965 yɛ U.S. soŋ zɔŋbɛ pɔgyɛɛ lɔŋ ba nyɛ nɔŋɔraa daŋɛ bɛ vɔɔteng pɔge yelɛ kaŋ te nyuori kpɛla. Lɔŋ yi da President Lyndon B. Johnson na signe ŋa ka nyɛɛ 6 August, 1965, daŋ ka Civil Rights Movement zaa nyɛ kpɛle. U.S. Congress be te sa lɔŋ gaa kpɛge zaa na yelɛ zɔŋ nɔŋ yɛlɛ ɛkpɛ zɔ zɔŋ. Lɔŋ yɛɛ yɛlɛ na kpɛ na yɛle voting rights ka te nyɛɛ United States Constitution, ka Article 14 kpɛ Article 15 so. Lɔŋ yelɛ kpɛ na zɔŋ yelɛ zaa pɔge yelɛ kaŋ ba nɔŋɔre bɛ U.S., yɛlɛ taaɛ la South. U.S. Department of Justice be zɔ la lɔŋ yɛɛ U.S. soŋ pɔge kpɛŋɛ civil rights lɔŋ ba nyɛɛ. National Archives and Records Administration be yelɛ: “Voting Rights Act of 1965 yɛɛ soŋ lɔŋ gaa kpɛle na tɔre zɔŋɛɛ U.S. beŋɛ pɔge na lɔŋɛɛ tɔrɔ ɛkpɛ be tɛngɛɛ naa be tɛengɛɛ saa la Reconstruction period kaŋ Civil War zaa be ti ɛŋ.” Lɔŋ taa provisions zaa ka be dɔŋɛ elections. “General provisions” be na kpɛla vɔɔteng pɔge kpɛŋɛ zɔŋɛɛ bɛ nyɛɛ U.S. Section 2 yɛɛ general provision kaŋ be zɔ la state kpɛ local governments ba yɔɔre zaa ka yelɛ na vɔɔteng kpɛ te nyɛɛ zɔŋ yelɛ ka ba yɛ race, colour, ana language minority group. Lɔŋ yi te yɛ literacy tests kpɛ dɔŋɛ kaŋ te wa zɔŋ nɔŋɔraa daŋɛ bɛ zɔŋ la vɔɔteng. Lɔŋ taaɛ soŋ provisions kaŋ be na apply la taa jurisdictions. Section 5 yɛɛ lɔŋ soŋ ba yɛlɛ “preclearance”, kaŋ be kpɛ la jurisdictions ka yelɛ na be teɛ la election rules kpɛŋɛ, ba beɛ na saa la approval kpɛŋɛ be U.S. Attorney General ana U.S. District Court for D.C., na kpɛ ba kpɛɛ zɔŋɛɛ minority bɛ. Soŋ provision kpɛɛ nyɛɛ la bilingual ballots kpɛ election materials bɛ jurisdictions kaŋ language minority nyɛ kpɛle. Section 5 kpɛ taaɛ soŋ provisions be apply la jurisdictions kaŋ Section 4(b) “coverage formula” nyɛɛ kpɛɛ. Formula yɛlɛ kpɛɛ la jurisdictions ka 1965 te zɔŋ zaa vɔɔteng pɔge kpɛŋɛ yɔɔre. Congress gaa kpɛɛ formula ŋa 1970 kpɛ 1975. Mɛ, 2013 la, Supreme Court of the U.S. be yelɛ ka Section 4(b) formula yɛ unconstitutional ŋa Shelby County v. Holder case zaa. Court be zɔ la Section 5 ba, mɛ nyɛ formula nɛɛ Section 5 zaa yɛ unenforceable. Nuu taaɛ jurisdictions ka be nyɛɛ coverage formula yɛlɛ kpɛɛ, be zɔ la voter registration purges kpɛ kpɛle. 2021 la, Supreme Court gaa decision ŋa Brnovich v. Democratic National Committee, kaŋ be zɔ la Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act kpɛle. Court be yelɛ ka “totality of circumstances” nɛɛ ba yɛlɛ rule kaŋ yɛ disparate impact ba kpɛɛ zɔŋɔre bɛ yelɛ nɛɛ kpɛɛ. Court yɛlɛ ka, election fraud fears yɛ valid justification ɛ, ka evidence bɛ wa ba zaa. Lɔŋ be gaaŋɛ kpɛ la zaa: voter turnout kpɛ registration nyɛɛ kpɛle, kpɛ na black people bɛ. Lɔŋ be kpɛ la public goods zaa kpɛɛ, taaɛ education bɛ black-populated areas. Lɔŋ be kpɛ la civil rights laws bɛ Congress, kpɛɛ ka black people bɛ local offices yɛɛ da kpɛŋɛ. == Background == Nɛ yɛlɛ ka yɛ zaa yɛ U.S. Constitution zɔŋ daŋ baŋɛɛ la yɛɛ zaa kpɛla la states bɛ na be nyɛɛ zaa voting rules be nyɛɛ citizens bɛ. Mɛ, nɛ Civil War nyɛɛ nɛɛ, te ratify Reconstruction Amendments taaɛ, kaŋ be na saa la states nɛɛ kpɛla. Thirteenth Amendment (1865) yɛɛ ka slavery ba nyɛ la, nɛ baŋɛɛ ka yɛɛ punishment be crime. Fourteenth Amendment (1868) yɛɛ ka person bie anaa naturalized be U.S. nyɛɛ citizen, ka be zaa wa la due process kpɛ protection ɛ. Fifteenth Amendment (1870) yɛɛ ka zɔŋɔrɔ bɛ U.S. baŋɛɛ ka be ba yɛɛ vɔɔteng kpɛ race, colour, ana sɛ ɔ yɛ slave da. Congress waa power la yɛɛ lɔŋ be enforce zɔŋɛɛ Amendments bɛɛ. Tɛ 1870s la, Congress be pass la Enforcement Acts be criminalize la sɛ ka person ba wa saa zɔŋɔrɔ bɛ vɔɔteng, kpɛ be allow la federal supervision be registration. Mɛ, 1875 la, U.S. Supreme Court be saa lɔŋɛɛ da nɛɛ be yelɛ ka ba yɛ unconstitutional (e.g. U.S. v. Cruikshank, U.S. v. Reese). Nɛ Reconstruction yelɛɛ zaa nɛɛ 1877, enforcement yɛɛ ba nyɛɛ yaga, ka 1894 la Congress be repeal lɔŋɛɛ zaa. Southern states be pɔge la zaa disenfranchisement (yɛɛ baŋɛɛ la zɔŋɔrɔ ba wa vɔɔteng) yɛ racial minorities. Tɛ 1868 kpɛ 1888 la, electoral violence kpɛ fraud be suppress la African-American vɔɔteng. Tɛ 1888 kpɛ 1908 la, Southern states be pass la Jim Crow laws kpɛ amend la constitutions bɛ na be impose literacy tests, poll taxes, property requirements, “moral character” tests, interpretation of documents, kpɛ “grandfather clauses” kaŋ yɛɛ ka person ba yɛ eligible la voting nɛ grandfada yɛ vɔɔtɛr da (yɛ ka exclude la many African Americans). Supreme Court be support la discriminatory efforts zaa. E.g., in ''Giles v. Harris'' (1903), Court be yelɛ ka dù Fifteenth Amendment yɛɛ, Court ba wa power la force states na be register minorities. 8q3y940lxlrhyxfxc0yd7n5yeq8spab 51930 51928 2025-07-06T09:00:44Z Anthony Dery 16 51930 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Voting Rights Act of 1965''' (ɛ Vɔɔteng Pɔgyɛɛ Lɔŋ Iŋɛ 1965) Voting Rights Act of 1965 yɛ U.S. soŋ zɔŋbɛ pɔgyɛɛ lɔŋ ba nyɛ nɔŋɔraa daŋɛ bɛ vɔɔteng pɔge yelɛ kaŋ te nyuori kpɛla. Lɔŋ yi da President Lyndon B. Johnson na signe ŋa ka nyɛɛ 6 August, 1965, daŋ ka Civil Rights Movement zaa nyɛ kpɛle. U.S. Congress be te sa lɔŋ gaa kpɛge zaa na yelɛ zɔŋ nɔŋ yɛlɛ ɛkpɛ zɔ zɔŋ. Lɔŋ yɛɛ yɛlɛ na kpɛ na yɛle voting rights ka te nyɛɛ United States Constitution, ka Article 14 kpɛ Article 15 so. Lɔŋ yelɛ kpɛ na zɔŋ yelɛ zaa pɔge yelɛ kaŋ ba nɔŋɔre bɛ U.S., yɛlɛ taaɛ la South. U.S. Department of Justice be zɔ la lɔŋ yɛɛ U.S. soŋ pɔge kpɛŋɛ civil rights lɔŋ ba nyɛɛ. National Archives and Records Administration be yelɛ: “Voting Rights Act of 1965 yɛɛ soŋ lɔŋ gaa kpɛle na tɔre zɔŋɛɛ U.S. beŋɛ pɔge na lɔŋɛɛ tɔrɔ ɛkpɛ be tɛngɛɛ naa be tɛengɛɛ saa la Reconstruction period kaŋ Civil War zaa be ti ɛŋ.” Lɔŋ taa provisions zaa ka be dɔŋɛ elections. “General provisions” be na kpɛla vɔɔteng pɔge kpɛŋɛ zɔŋɛɛ bɛ nyɛɛ U.S. Section 2 yɛɛ general provision kaŋ be zɔ la state kpɛ local governments ba yɔɔre zaa ka yelɛ na vɔɔteng kpɛ te nyɛɛ zɔŋ yelɛ ka ba yɛ race, colour, ana language minority group. Lɔŋ yi te yɛ literacy tests kpɛ dɔŋɛ kaŋ te wa zɔŋ nɔŋɔraa daŋɛ bɛ zɔŋ la vɔɔteng. Lɔŋ taaɛ soŋ provisions kaŋ be na apply la taa jurisdictions. Section 5 yɛɛ lɔŋ soŋ ba yɛlɛ “preclearance”, kaŋ be kpɛ la jurisdictions ka yelɛ na be teɛ la election rules kpɛŋɛ, ba beɛ na saa la approval kpɛŋɛ be U.S. Attorney General ana U.S. District Court for D.C., na kpɛ ba kpɛɛ zɔŋɛɛ minority bɛ. Soŋ provision kpɛɛ nyɛɛ la bilingual ballots kpɛ election materials bɛ jurisdictions kaŋ language minority nyɛ kpɛle. Section 5 kpɛ taaɛ soŋ provisions be apply la jurisdictions kaŋ Section 4(b) “coverage formula” nyɛɛ kpɛɛ. Formula yɛlɛ kpɛɛ la jurisdictions ka 1965 te zɔŋ zaa vɔɔteng pɔge kpɛŋɛ yɔɔre. Congress gaa kpɛɛ formula ŋa 1970 kpɛ 1975. Mɛ, 2013 la, Supreme Court of the U.S. be yelɛ ka Section 4(b) formula yɛ unconstitutional ŋa Shelby County v. Holder case zaa. Court be zɔ la Section 5 ba, mɛ nyɛ formula nɛɛ Section 5 zaa yɛ unenforceable. Nuu taaɛ jurisdictions ka be nyɛɛ coverage formula yɛlɛ kpɛɛ, be zɔ la voter registration purges kpɛ kpɛle. 2021 la, Supreme Court gaa decision ŋa Brnovich v. Democratic National Committee, kaŋ be zɔ la Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act kpɛle. Court be yelɛ ka “totality of circumstances” nɛɛ ba yɛlɛ rule kaŋ yɛ disparate impact ba kpɛɛ zɔŋɔre bɛ yelɛ nɛɛ kpɛɛ. Court yɛlɛ ka, election fraud fears yɛ valid justification ɛ, ka evidence bɛ wa ba zaa. Lɔŋ be gaaŋɛ kpɛ la zaa: voter turnout kpɛ registration nyɛɛ kpɛle, kpɛ na black people bɛ. Lɔŋ be kpɛ la public goods zaa kpɛɛ, taaɛ education bɛ black-populated areas. Lɔŋ be kpɛ la civil rights laws bɛ Congress, kpɛɛ ka black people bɛ local offices yɛɛ da kpɛŋɛ. == Background == Nɛ yɛlɛ ka yɛ zaa yɛ U.S. Constitution zɔŋ daŋ baŋɛɛ la yɛɛ zaa kpɛla la states bɛ na be nyɛɛ zaa voting rules be nyɛɛ citizens bɛ. Mɛ, nɛ Civil War nyɛɛ nɛɛ, te ratify Reconstruction Amendments taaɛ, kaŋ be na saa la states nɛɛ kpɛla. Thirteenth Amendment (1865) yɛɛ ka slavery ba nyɛ la, nɛ baŋɛɛ ka yɛɛ punishment be crime. Fourteenth Amendment (1868) yɛɛ ka person bie anaa naturalized be U.S. nyɛɛ citizen, ka be zaa wa la due process kpɛ protection ɛ. Fifteenth Amendment (1870) yɛɛ ka zɔŋɔrɔ bɛ U.S. baŋɛɛ ka be ba yɛɛ vɔɔteng kpɛ race, colour, ana sɛ ɔ yɛ slave da. Congress waa power la yɛɛ lɔŋ be enforce zɔŋɛɛ Amendments bɛɛ. Tɛ 1870s la, Congress be pass la Enforcement Acts be criminalize la sɛ ka person ba wa saa zɔŋɔrɔ bɛ vɔɔteng, kpɛ be allow la federal supervision be registration. Mɛ, 1875 la, U.S. Supreme Court be saa lɔŋɛɛ da nɛɛ be yelɛ ka ba yɛ unconstitutional (e.g. U.S. v. Cruikshank, U.S. v. Reese). Nɛ Reconstruction yelɛɛ zaa nɛɛ 1877, enforcement yɛɛ ba nyɛɛ yaga, ka 1894 la Congress be repeal lɔŋɛɛ zaa. Southern states be pɔge la zaa disenfranchisement (yɛɛ baŋɛɛ la zɔŋɔrɔ ba wa vɔɔteng) yɛ racial minorities. Tɛ 1868 kpɛ 1888 la, electoral violence kpɛ fraud be suppress la African-American vɔɔteng. Tɛ 1888 kpɛ 1908 la, Southern states be pass la Jim Crow laws kpɛ amend la constitutions bɛ na be impose literacy tests, poll taxes, property requirements, “moral character” tests, interpretation of documents, kpɛ “grandfather clauses” kaŋ yɛɛ ka person ba yɛ eligible la voting nɛ grandfada yɛ vɔɔtɛr da (yɛ ka exclude la many African Americans). Supreme Court be support la discriminatory efforts zaa. E.g., in ''Giles v. Harris'' (1903), Court be yelɛ ka dù Fifteenth Amendment yɛɛ, Court ba wa power la force states na be register minorities. mfw7pyesb16repox0vb05n0z9g69efh 51931 51930 2025-07-06T09:02:18Z GBOLO STEPHEN 1186 51931 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Voting Rights Act of 1965''' (ɛ Vɔɔteng Pɔgyɛɛ Lɔŋ Iŋɛ 1965) Voting Rights Act of 1965 yɛ U.S. soŋ zɔŋbɛ pɔgyɛɛ lɔŋ ba nyɛ nɔŋɔraa daŋɛ bɛ vɔɔteng pɔge yelɛ kaŋ te nyuori kpɛla. Lɔŋ yi da President Lyndon B. Johnson na signe ŋa ka nyɛɛ 6 August, 1965, daŋ ka Civil Rights Movement zaa nyɛ kpɛle. U.S. Congress be te sa lɔŋ gaa kpɛge zaa na yelɛ zɔŋ nɔŋ yɛlɛ ɛkpɛ zɔ zɔŋ. Lɔŋ yɛɛ yɛlɛ na kpɛ na yɛle voting rights ka te nyɛɛ United States Constitution, ka Article 14 kpɛ Article 15 so. Lɔŋ yelɛ kpɛ na zɔŋ yelɛ zaa pɔge yelɛ kaŋ ba nɔŋɔre bɛ U.S., yɛlɛ taaɛ la South. U.S. Department of Justice be zɔ la lɔŋ yɛɛ U.S. soŋ pɔge kpɛŋɛ civil rights lɔŋ ba nyɛɛ. National Archives and Records Administration be yelɛ: “Voting Rights Act of 1965 yɛɛ soŋ lɔŋ gaa kpɛle na tɔre zɔŋɛɛ U.S. beŋɛ pɔge na lɔŋɛɛ tɔrɔ ɛkpɛ be tɛngɛɛ naa be tɛengɛɛ saa la Reconstruction period kaŋ Civil War zaa be ti ɛŋ.” Lɔŋ taa provisions zaa ka be dɔŋɛ elections. “General provisions” be na kpɛla vɔɔteng pɔge kpɛŋɛ zɔŋɛɛ bɛ nyɛɛ U.S. Section 2 yɛɛ general provision kaŋ be zɔ la state kpɛ local governments ba yɔɔre zaa ka yelɛ na vɔɔteng kpɛ te nyɛɛ zɔŋ yelɛ ka ba yɛ race, colour, ana language minority group. Lɔŋ yi te yɛ literacy tests kpɛ dɔŋɛ kaŋ te wa zɔŋ nɔŋɔraa daŋɛ bɛ zɔŋ la vɔɔteng. Lɔŋ taaɛ soŋ provisions kaŋ be na apply la taa jurisdictions. Section 5 yɛɛ lɔŋ soŋ ba yɛlɛ “preclearance”, kaŋ be kpɛ la jurisdictions ka yelɛ na be teɛ la election rules kpɛŋɛ, ba beɛ na saa la approval kpɛŋɛ be U.S. Attorney General ana U.S. District Court for D.C., na kpɛ ba kpɛɛ zɔŋɛɛ minority bɛ. Soŋ provision kpɛɛ nyɛɛ la bilingual ballots kpɛ election materials bɛ jurisdictions kaŋ language minority nyɛ kpɛle. Section 5 kpɛ taaɛ soŋ provisions be apply la jurisdictions kaŋ Section 4(b) “coverage formula” nyɛɛ kpɛɛ. Formula yɛlɛ kpɛɛ la jurisdictions ka 1965 te zɔŋ zaa vɔɔteng pɔge kpɛŋɛ yɔɔre. Congress gaa kpɛɛ formula ŋa 1970 kpɛ 1975. Mɛ, 2013 la, Supreme Court of the U.S. be yelɛ ka Section 4(b) formula yɛ unconstitutional ŋa Shelby County v. Holder case zaa. Court be zɔ la Section 5 ba, mɛ nyɛ formula nɛɛ Section 5 zaa yɛ unenforceable. Nuu taaɛ jurisdictions ka be nyɛɛ coverage formula yɛlɛ kpɛɛ, be zɔ la voter registration purges kpɛ kpɛle. == Background == Nɛ yɛlɛ ka yɛ zaa yɛ U.S. Constitution zɔŋ daŋ baŋɛɛ la yɛɛ zaa kpɛla la states bɛ na be nyɛɛ zaa voting rules be nyɛɛ citizens bɛ. Mɛ, nɛ Civil War nyɛɛ nɛɛ, te ratify Reconstruction Amendments taaɛ, kaŋ be na saa la states nɛɛ kpɛla. Thirteenth Amendment (1865) yɛɛ ka slavery ba nyɛ la, nɛ baŋɛɛ ka yɛɛ punishment be crime. Fourteenth Amendment (1868) yɛɛ ka person bie anaa naturalized be U.S. nyɛɛ citizen, ka be zaa wa la due process kpɛ protection ɛ. Fifteenth Amendment (1870) yɛɛ ka zɔŋɔrɔ bɛ U.S. baŋɛɛ ka be ba yɛɛ vɔɔteng kpɛ race, colour, ana sɛ ɔ yɛ slave da. Congress waa power la yɛɛ lɔŋ be enforce zɔŋɛɛ Amendments bɛɛ. Tɛ 1870s la, Congress be pass la Enforcement Acts be criminalize la sɛ ka person ba wa saa zɔŋɔrɔ bɛ vɔɔteng, kpɛ be allow la federal supervision be registration. Mɛ, 1875 la, U.S. Supreme Court be saa lɔŋɛɛ da nɛɛ be yelɛ ka ba yɛ unconstitutional (e.g. U.S. v. Cruikshank, U.S. v. Reese). Nɛ Reconstruction yelɛɛ zaa nɛɛ 1877, enforcement yɛɛ ba nyɛɛ yaga, ka 1894 la Congress be repeal lɔŋɛɛ zaa. Southern states be pɔge la zaa disenfranchisement (yɛɛ baŋɛɛ la zɔŋɔrɔ ba wa vɔɔteng) yɛ racial minorities. Tɛ 1868 kpɛ 1888 la, electoral violence kpɛ fraud be suppress la African-American vɔɔteng. Tɛ 1888 kpɛ 1908 la, Southern states be pass la Jim Crow laws kpɛ amend la constitutions bɛ na be impose literacy tests, poll taxes, property requirements, “moral character” tests, interpretation of documents, kpɛ “grandfather clauses” kaŋ yɛɛ ka person ba yɛ eligible la voting nɛ grandfada yɛ vɔɔtɛr da (yɛ ka exclude la many African Americans). Supreme Court be support la discriminatory efforts zaa. E.g., in ''Giles v. Harris'' (1903), Court be yelɛ ka dù Fifteenth Amendment yɛɛ, Court ba wa power la force states na be register minorities. '''Zaa ka yɛlɛ Voting Rights Act of 1965 ba kyɛɛ, Southern states be zɔ la nɔŋɔrɔ bɛ, yɛ kaŋ ba African Americans, ba yɛɛ vɔɔteng.''' Mɛ baŋɛɛ ka literacy tests kpɛ poll taxes nɛɛ, na bureautic restrictions zaa be yɛɛ na saa la zɔŋɔrɔ bɛ vɔɔteng. African Americans be gɔ lɛnɛ ka ba wa register anaa vote – ba gɔ harassment, intimidation, economic punishment, kpɛ physical violence. Nɛ yɛlɛɛ, African Americans zɔɔ zaa be yɛ registered voters kpɛ ba zaa kpɛ political power nyɛɛ – local yelɛ anaa national level yɛ.<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965#</ref> Tɛ 1950s la, Civil Rights Movement be kpɛ la pressure kpɛ federal government na be kpɛɛ zɔŋɔrɔ bɛ voting rights. Nɛ 1957 la, Congress be pass la Civil Rights Act of 1957, ka yɛɛ first civil rights law da Reconstruction be tiɛ. Lɔŋ nɛɛ be na Attorney General power na be sue on behalf of zɔŋɔrɔ ka Fifteenth Amendment right ba zɔ. Lɔŋ nɛɛ be kɔ Civil Rights Division bɛ Department of Justice, kpɛ Commission on Civil Rights be zɔ voting rights violations.<ref name=":0" /> 1960 la, Civil Rights Act be kpɛ protections: e.g., federal courts be wa appoint referees na be register zɔŋɔrɔ be racial minorities bɛ areas ka voting discrimination be nyɛɛ.<ref name=":0" /> '''Mɛ, dù lɔŋɛɛ zaa be kpɛ la power bɛ courts, law standards yɛ kpɛkpɛle na Department of Justice ba nyɛɛ successful litigation.''' E.g., sɛ ba sue state be maintain literacy tests, Department be wa prove ka rejected applications bɛ racial minorities yɛ sɛɛ la accepted white ones. Nɛɛ wa dɔɔ la thousands of documents across counties, yɛɛ wa kpɛlɛ months. Local officials kpɛɛ be yɛɛ resistance – be yelɛ ka registration documents ba lɛɛ, be delete names, ana be resign na process yɛɛ ba kyɛ. Some federal judges ba yɛ support minority suffrage, so cases wa appeal multiple times.<ref name=":0" /> '''1957 kpɛ 1964 la, dù Department of Justice be litigate 71 voting rights cases, African-American voter registration rate nyɛɛ kpɛkpɛ.''' Zaa ka Department be yɛ litigation on case-by-case basis ba yɛɛ successful – ka one discriminatory law be prove unconstitutional, new one be replace ɛɛ.<ref name=":0" /> '''1964 la, Congress be pass la Civil Rights Act of 1964 na kpɛ la public services discrimination.''' Lɔŋ nɛɛ yɛɛ ka registrars be treat literacy tests equally, kpɛ applications be wa accept dù ɛɛ small errors. E be yelɛ ka zɔŋɔrɔ be sixth-grade education yɛ literate. Mɛ, dù civil rights leaders lobby hard, law ba ban all voting discrimination forms.<ref name=":0" /> '''President Lyndon B. Johnson be gɔ la problem nɛɛ, nɛɛ elections after 1964, mɛ be kɔ Attorney General Katzenbach privately: “Draft me toughest voting rights law."''' Mɛ publicly ba support ɛɛ, ka advisors be yelɛ ka sɛ e push law too early, e wa destroy Great Society plans, ka Southern Democrats wa angry.<ref name=":0" /> '''Nɛɛ elections yelɛɛ la, civil rights organizations sɛɛ Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) kpɛ Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) be yelɛ la government na act.''' Focus be ba la Selma, Alabama, ka County Sheriff Jim Clark be fight voter registration with police violence.<ref name=":0" /> '''James Forman bɛ SNCC be yelɛ:''' “Our plan yɛɛ na force U.S. government to act. If dem ba act, e wa show zaa dem ba on our side. Slogan yɛɛ: ''‘One Man, One Vote.’''”<ref name=":0" /> '''January 1965 la, Martin Luther King Jr., James Bevel, kpɛ others be organize peaceful protests.''' Mɛ police kpɛ white citizens be attack la protests. February 1, King kpɛ others be arrest. February 4, Malcolm X be give strong speech in Selma, ka be criticize King’s nonviolence. He later be yelɛ ka be do ɛɛ na scare whites make dem support King. Next day, King be release, kpɛ be write ''Letter From a Selma Jail'', published bɛ ''New York Times''.<ref name=":0" /> '''National focus kpɛ media attention be nyɛɛ kpɛle la Selma. February 6, Johnson be reverse decision, kpɛ yelɛ ka be wa send proposal to Congress – mɛ ba show date anaa details.'''<ref name=":0" /> '''February 18, bɛ Marion, Alabama, police be break peaceful night march. One police – James Bonard Fowler – be shoot dead young protester, Jimmie Lee Jackson, yɛɛ ba armed – be try protect ma.''' Event zaa inspire Bevel kpɛɛ, ka March 7, SCLC kpɛ SNCC be start Selma to Montgomery march. Goal yɛɛ ba reach Alabama capital, kpɛ present complaints to Governor George Wallace.<ref name=":0" /> '''First day, bɛ Edmund Pettus Bridge, police on horses be stop marchers – be use tear gas, beat dem.''' This day be come “''Bloody Sunday''”, ka video be shock entire U.S.<ref name=":0" /> '''March 9, another march – “''Turnaround Tuesday''” – white ministers be attacked by Ku Klux Klan. Reverend James Reeb be kill.'''<ref name=":0" /> '''March 15, Johnson be address Congress live on TV, be use civil rights slogan “We shall overcome,” kpɛ call for voting rights law.''' Two days after, bill be introduce bɛ Congress. Civil rights leaders, protected by federal troops, be lead 25,000 people from Selma to Montgomery.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":0" /> s901bevqruc3jgt1po1be5f4okbdq2h 51932 51931 2025-07-06T09:09:28Z Anthony Dery 16 51932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q1608064}} '''Voting Rights Act of 1965''' (ɛ Vɔɔteng Pɔgyɛɛ Lɔŋ Iŋɛ 1965) Voting Rights Act of 1965 yɛ U.S. soŋ zɔŋbɛ pɔgyɛɛ lɔŋ ba nyɛ nɔŋɔraa daŋɛ bɛ vɔɔteng pɔge yelɛ kaŋ te nyuori kpɛla. Lɔŋ yi da President Lyndon B. Johnson na signe ŋa ka nyɛɛ 6 August, 1965, daŋ ka Civil Rights Movement zaa nyɛ kpɛle. U.S. Congress be te sa lɔŋ gaa kpɛge zaa na yelɛ zɔŋ nɔŋ yɛlɛ ɛkpɛ zɔ zɔŋ. Lɔŋ yɛɛ yɛlɛ na kpɛ na yɛle voting rights ka te nyɛɛ United States Constitution, ka Article 14 kpɛ Article 15 so. Lɔŋ yelɛ kpɛ na zɔŋ yelɛ zaa pɔge yelɛ kaŋ ba nɔŋɔre bɛ U.S., yɛlɛ taaɛ la South. U.S. Department of Justice be zɔ la lɔŋ yɛɛ U.S. soŋ pɔge kpɛŋɛ civil rights lɔŋ ba nyɛɛ. National Archives and Records Administration be yelɛ: “Voting Rights Act of 1965 yɛɛ soŋ lɔŋ gaa kpɛle na tɔre zɔŋɛɛ U.S. beŋɛ pɔge na lɔŋɛɛ tɔrɔ ɛkpɛ be tɛngɛɛ naa be tɛengɛɛ saa la Reconstruction period kaŋ Civil War zaa be ti ɛŋ.” Lɔŋ taa provisions zaa ka be dɔŋɛ elections. “General provisions” be na kpɛla vɔɔteng pɔge kpɛŋɛ zɔŋɛɛ bɛ nyɛɛ U.S. Section 2 yɛɛ general provision kaŋ be zɔ la state kpɛ local governments ba yɔɔre zaa ka yelɛ na vɔɔteng kpɛ te nyɛɛ zɔŋ yelɛ ka ba yɛ race, colour, ana language minority group. Lɔŋ yi te yɛ literacy tests kpɛ dɔŋɛ kaŋ te wa zɔŋ nɔŋɔraa daŋɛ bɛ zɔŋ la vɔɔteng. Lɔŋ taaɛ soŋ provisions kaŋ be na apply la taa jurisdictions. Section 5 yɛɛ lɔŋ soŋ ba yɛlɛ “preclearance”, kaŋ be kpɛ la jurisdictions ka yelɛ na be teɛ la election rules kpɛŋɛ, ba beɛ na saa la approval kpɛŋɛ be U.S. Attorney General ana U.S. District Court for D.C., na kpɛ ba kpɛɛ zɔŋɛɛ minority bɛ. Soŋ provision kpɛɛ nyɛɛ la bilingual ballots kpɛ election materials bɛ jurisdictions kaŋ language minority nyɛ kpɛle. Section 5 kpɛ taaɛ soŋ provisions be apply la jurisdictions kaŋ Section 4(b) “coverage formula” nyɛɛ kpɛɛ. Formula yɛlɛ kpɛɛ la jurisdictions ka 1965 te zɔŋ zaa vɔɔteng pɔge kpɛŋɛ yɔɔre. Congress gaa kpɛɛ formula ŋa 1970 kpɛ 1975. Mɛ, 2013 la, Supreme Court of the U.S. be yelɛ ka Section 4(b) formula yɛ unconstitutional ŋa Shelby County v. Holder case zaa. Court be zɔ la Section 5 ba, mɛ nyɛ formula nɛɛ Section 5 zaa yɛ unenforceable. Nuu taaɛ jurisdictions ka be nyɛɛ coverage formula yɛlɛ kpɛɛ, be zɔ la voter registration purges kpɛ kpɛle. == Background == Nɛ yɛlɛ ka yɛ zaa yɛ U.S. Constitution zɔŋ daŋ baŋɛɛ la yɛɛ zaa kpɛla la states bɛ na be nyɛɛ zaa voting rules be nyɛɛ citizens bɛ. Mɛ, nɛ Civil War nyɛɛ nɛɛ, te ratify Reconstruction Amendments taaɛ, kaŋ be na saa la states nɛɛ kpɛla. Thirteenth Amendment (1865) yɛɛ ka slavery ba nyɛ la, nɛ baŋɛɛ ka yɛɛ punishment be crime. Fourteenth Amendment (1868) yɛɛ ka person bie anaa naturalized be U.S. nyɛɛ citizen, ka be zaa wa la due process kpɛ protection ɛ. Fifteenth Amendment (1870) yɛɛ ka zɔŋɔrɔ bɛ U.S. baŋɛɛ ka be ba yɛɛ vɔɔteng kpɛ race, colour, ana sɛ ɔ yɛ slave da. Congress waa power la yɛɛ lɔŋ be enforce zɔŋɛɛ Amendments bɛɛ. Tɛ 1870s la, Congress be pass la Enforcement Acts be criminalize la sɛ ka person ba wa saa zɔŋɔrɔ bɛ vɔɔteng, kpɛ be allow la federal supervision be registration. Mɛ, 1875 la, U.S. Supreme Court be saa lɔŋɛɛ da nɛɛ be yelɛ ka ba yɛ unconstitutional (e.g. U.S. v. Cruikshank, U.S. v. Reese). Nɛ Reconstruction yelɛɛ zaa nɛɛ 1877, enforcement yɛɛ ba nyɛɛ yaga, ka 1894 la Congress be repeal lɔŋɛɛ zaa. Southern states be pɔge la zaa disenfranchisement (yɛɛ baŋɛɛ la zɔŋɔrɔ ba wa vɔɔteng) yɛ racial minorities. Tɛ 1868 kpɛ 1888 la, electoral violence kpɛ fraud be suppress la African-American vɔɔteng. Tɛ 1888 kpɛ 1908 la, Southern states be pass la Jim Crow laws kpɛ amend la constitutions bɛ na be impose literacy tests, poll taxes, property requirements, “moral character” tests, interpretation of documents, kpɛ “grandfather clauses” kaŋ yɛɛ ka person ba yɛ eligible la voting nɛ grandfada yɛ vɔɔtɛr da (yɛ ka exclude la many African Americans). Supreme Court be support la discriminatory efforts zaa. E.g., in ''Giles v. Harris'' (1903), Court be yelɛ ka dù Fifteenth Amendment yɛɛ, Court ba wa power la force states na be register minorities. '''Zaa ka yɛlɛ Voting Rights Act of 1965 ba kyɛɛ, Southern states be zɔ la nɔŋɔrɔ bɛ, yɛ kaŋ ba African Americans, ba yɛɛ vɔɔteng.''' Mɛ baŋɛɛ ka literacy tests kpɛ poll taxes nɛɛ, na bureautic restrictions zaa be yɛɛ na saa la zɔŋɔrɔ bɛ vɔɔteng. African Americans be gɔ lɛnɛ ka ba wa register anaa vote – ba gɔ harassment, intimidation, economic punishment, kpɛ physical violence. Nɛ yɛlɛɛ, African Americans zɔɔ zaa be yɛ registered voters kpɛ ba zaa kpɛ political power nyɛɛ – local yelɛ anaa national level yɛ.<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965#</ref> Tɛ 1950s la, Civil Rights Movement be kpɛ la pressure kpɛ federal government na be kpɛɛ zɔŋɔrɔ bɛ voting rights. Nɛ 1957 la, Congress be pass la Civil Rights Act of 1957, ka yɛɛ first civil rights law da Reconstruction be tiɛ. Lɔŋ nɛɛ be na Attorney General power na be sue on behalf of zɔŋɔrɔ ka Fifteenth Amendment right ba zɔ. Lɔŋ nɛɛ be kɔ Civil Rights Division bɛ Department of Justice, kpɛ Commission on Civil Rights be zɔ voting rights violations.<ref name=":0" /> 1960 la, Civil Rights Act be kpɛ protections: e.g., federal courts be wa appoint referees na be register zɔŋɔrɔ be racial minorities bɛ areas ka voting discrimination be nyɛɛ.<ref name=":0" /> '''Mɛ, dù lɔŋɛɛ zaa be kpɛ la power bɛ courts, law standards yɛ kpɛkpɛle na Department of Justice ba nyɛɛ successful litigation.''' E.g., sɛ ba sue state be maintain literacy tests, Department be wa prove ka rejected applications bɛ racial minorities yɛ sɛɛ la accepted white ones. Nɛɛ wa dɔɔ la thousands of documents across counties, yɛɛ wa kpɛlɛ months. Local officials kpɛɛ be yɛɛ resistance – be yelɛ ka registration documents ba lɛɛ, be delete names, ana be resign na process yɛɛ ba kyɛ. Some federal judges ba yɛ support minority suffrage, so cases wa appeal multiple times.<ref name=":0" /> '''1957 kpɛ 1964 la, dù Department of Justice be litigate 71 voting rights cases, African-American voter registration rate nyɛɛ kpɛkpɛ.''' Zaa ka Department be yɛ litigation on case-by-case basis ba yɛɛ successful – ka one discriminatory law be prove unconstitutional, new one be replace ɛɛ.<ref name=":0" /> '''1964 la, Congress be pass la Civil Rights Act of 1964 na kpɛ la public services discrimination.''' Lɔŋ nɛɛ yɛɛ ka registrars be treat literacy tests equally, kpɛ applications be wa accept dù ɛɛ small errors. E be yelɛ ka zɔŋɔrɔ be sixth-grade education yɛ literate. Mɛ, dù civil rights leaders lobby hard, law ba ban all voting discrimination forms.<ref name=":0" /> '''President Lyndon B. Johnson be gɔ la problem nɛɛ, nɛɛ elections after 1964, mɛ be kɔ Attorney General Katzenbach privately: “Draft me toughest voting rights law."''' Mɛ publicly ba support ɛɛ, ka advisors be yelɛ ka sɛ e push law too early, e wa destroy Great Society plans, ka Southern Democrats wa angry.<ref name=":0" /> '''Nɛɛ elections yelɛɛ la, civil rights organizations sɛɛ Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) kpɛ Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) be yelɛ la government na act.''' Focus be ba la Selma, Alabama, ka County Sheriff Jim Clark be fight voter registration with police violence.<ref name=":0" /> '''James Forman bɛ SNCC be yelɛ:''' “Our plan yɛɛ na force U.S. government to act. If dem ba act, e wa show zaa dem ba on our side. Slogan yɛɛ: ''‘One Man, One Vote.’''”<ref name=":0" /> '''January 1965 la, Martin Luther King Jr., James Bevel, kpɛ others be organize peaceful protests.''' Mɛ police kpɛ white citizens be attack la protests. February 1, King kpɛ others be arrest. February 4, Malcolm X be give strong speech in Selma, ka be criticize King’s nonviolence. He later be yelɛ ka be do ɛɛ na scare whites make dem support King. Next day, King be release, kpɛ be write ''Letter From a Selma Jail'', published bɛ ''New York Times''.<ref name=":0" /> '''National focus kpɛ media attention be nyɛɛ kpɛle la Selma. February 6, Johnson be reverse decision, kpɛ yelɛ ka be wa send proposal to Congress – mɛ ba show date anaa details.'''<ref name=":0" /> '''February 18, bɛ Marion, Alabama, police be break peaceful night march. One police – James Bonard Fowler – be shoot dead young protester, Jimmie Lee Jackson, yɛɛ ba armed – be try protect ma.''' Event zaa inspire Bevel kpɛɛ, ka March 7, SCLC kpɛ SNCC be start Selma to Montgomery march. Goal yɛɛ ba reach Alabama capital, kpɛ present complaints to Governor George Wallace.<ref name=":0" /> '''First day, bɛ Edmund Pettus Bridge, police on horses be stop marchers – be use tear gas, beat dem.''' This day be come “''Bloody Sunday''”, ka video be shock entire U.S.<ref name=":0" /> '''March 9, another march – “''Turnaround Tuesday''” – white ministers be attacked by Ku Klux Klan. Reverend James Reeb be kill.'''<ref name=":0" /> '''March 15, Johnson be address Congress live on TV, be use civil rights slogan “We shall overcome,” kpɛ call for voting rights law.''' Two days after, bill be introduce bɛ Congress. Civil rights leaders, protected by federal troops, be lead 25,000 people from Selma to Montgomery.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":0" /> jpv4jw4yh1bra5fzh3nr0hxmqcincw8 51933 51932 2025-07-06T09:10:24Z Anthony Dery 16 51933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q1608064}} '''Voting Rights Act of 1965''' (ɛ Vɔɔteng Pɔgyɛɛ Lɔŋ Iŋɛ 1965) Voting Rights Act of 1965 yɛ U.S. soŋ zɔŋbɛ pɔgyɛɛ lɔŋ ba nyɛ nɔŋɔraa daŋɛ bɛ vɔɔteng pɔge yelɛ kaŋ te nyuori kpɛla. Lɔŋ yi da President Lyndon B. Johnson na signe ŋa ka nyɛɛ 6 August, 1965, daŋ ka Civil Rights Movement zaa nyɛ kpɛle. U.S. Congress be te sa lɔŋ gaa kpɛge zaa na yelɛ zɔŋ nɔŋ yɛlɛ ɛkpɛ zɔ zɔŋ. Lɔŋ yɛɛ yɛlɛ na kpɛ na yɛle voting rights ka te nyɛɛ United States Constitution, ka Article 14 kpɛ Article 15 so. Lɔŋ yelɛ kpɛ na zɔŋ yelɛ zaa pɔge yelɛ kaŋ ba nɔŋɔre bɛ U.S., yɛlɛ taaɛ la South. U.S. Department of Justice be zɔ la lɔŋ yɛɛ U.S. soŋ pɔge kpɛŋɛ civil rights lɔŋ ba nyɛɛ. National Archives and Records Administration be yelɛ: “Voting Rights Act of 1965 yɛɛ soŋ lɔŋ gaa kpɛle na tɔre zɔŋɛɛ U.S. beŋɛ pɔge na lɔŋɛɛ tɔrɔ ɛkpɛ be tɛngɛɛ naa be tɛengɛɛ saa la Reconstruction period kaŋ Civil War zaa be ti ɛŋ.” Lɔŋ taa provisions zaa ka be dɔŋɛ elections. “General provisions” be na kpɛla vɔɔteng pɔge kpɛŋɛ zɔŋɛɛ bɛ nyɛɛ U.S. Section 2 yɛɛ general provision kaŋ be zɔ la state kpɛ local governments ba yɔɔre zaa ka yelɛ na vɔɔteng kpɛ te nyɛɛ zɔŋ yelɛ ka ba yɛ race, colour, ana language minority group. Lɔŋ yi te yɛ literacy tests kpɛ dɔŋɛ kaŋ te wa zɔŋ nɔŋɔraa daŋɛ bɛ zɔŋ la vɔɔteng. Lɔŋ taaɛ soŋ provisions kaŋ be na apply la taa jurisdictions. Section 5 yɛɛ lɔŋ soŋ ba yɛlɛ “preclearance”, kaŋ be kpɛ la jurisdictions ka yelɛ na be teɛ la election rules kpɛŋɛ, ba beɛ na saa la approval kpɛŋɛ be U.S. Attorney General ana U.S. District Court for D.C., na kpɛ ba kpɛɛ zɔŋɛɛ minority bɛ. Soŋ provision kpɛɛ nyɛɛ la bilingual ballots kpɛ election materials bɛ jurisdictions kaŋ language minority nyɛ kpɛle. Section 5 kpɛ taaɛ soŋ provisions be apply la jurisdictions kaŋ Section 4(b) “coverage formula” nyɛɛ kpɛɛ. Formula yɛlɛ kpɛɛ la jurisdictions ka 1965 te zɔŋ zaa vɔɔteng pɔge kpɛŋɛ yɔɔre. Congress gaa kpɛɛ formula ŋa 1970 kpɛ 1975. Mɛ, 2013 la, Supreme Court of the U.S. be yelɛ ka Section 4(b) formula yɛ unconstitutional ŋa Shelby County v. Holder case zaa. Court be zɔ la Section 5 ba, mɛ nyɛ formula nɛɛ Section 5 zaa yɛ unenforceable. Nuu taaɛ jurisdictions ka be nyɛɛ coverage formula yɛlɛ kpɛɛ, be zɔ la voter registration purges kpɛ kpɛle. == Background == Nɛ yɛlɛ ka yɛ zaa yɛ U.S. Constitution zɔŋ daŋ baŋɛɛ la yɛɛ zaa kpɛla la states bɛ na be nyɛɛ zaa voting rules be nyɛɛ citizens bɛ. Mɛ, nɛ Civil War nyɛɛ nɛɛ, te ratify Reconstruction Amendments taaɛ, kaŋ be na saa la states nɛɛ kpɛla. Thirteenth Amendment (1865) yɛɛ ka slavery ba nyɛ la, nɛ baŋɛɛ ka yɛɛ punishment be crime. Fourteenth Amendment (1868) yɛɛ ka person bie anaa naturalized be U.S. nyɛɛ citizen, ka be zaa wa la due process kpɛ protection ɛ. Fifteenth Amendment (1870) yɛɛ ka zɔŋɔrɔ bɛ U.S. baŋɛɛ ka be ba yɛɛ vɔɔteng kpɛ race, colour, ana sɛ ɔ yɛ slave da. Congress waa power la yɛɛ lɔŋ be enforce zɔŋɛɛ Amendments bɛɛ. Tɛ 1870s la, Congress be pass la Enforcement Acts be criminalize la sɛ ka person ba wa saa zɔŋɔrɔ bɛ vɔɔteng, kpɛ be allow la federal supervision be registration. Mɛ, 1875 la, U.S. Supreme Court be saa lɔŋɛɛ da nɛɛ be yelɛ ka ba yɛ unconstitutional (e.g. U.S. v. Cruikshank, U.S. v. Reese). Nɛ Reconstruction yelɛɛ zaa nɛɛ 1877, enforcement yɛɛ ba nyɛɛ yaga, ka 1894 la Congress be repeal lɔŋɛɛ zaa. Southern states be pɔge la zaa disenfranchisement (yɛɛ baŋɛɛ la zɔŋɔrɔ ba wa vɔɔteng) yɛ racial minorities. Tɛ 1868 kpɛ 1888 la, electoral violence kpɛ fraud be suppress la African-American vɔɔteng. Tɛ 1888 kpɛ 1908 la, Southern states be pass la Jim Crow laws kpɛ amend la constitutions bɛ na be impose literacy tests, poll taxes, property requirements, “moral character” tests, interpretation of documents, kpɛ “grandfather clauses” kaŋ yɛɛ ka person ba yɛ eligible la voting nɛ grandfada yɛ vɔɔtɛr da (yɛ ka exclude la many African Americans). Supreme Court be support la discriminatory efforts zaa. E.g., in ''Giles v. Harris'' (1903), Court be yelɛ ka dù Fifteenth Amendment yɛɛ, Court ba wa power la force states na be register minorities. '''Zaa ka yɛlɛ Voting Rights Act of 1965 ba kyɛɛ, Southern states be zɔ la nɔŋɔrɔ bɛ, yɛ kaŋ ba African Americans, ba yɛɛ vɔɔteng.''' Mɛ baŋɛɛ ka literacy tests kpɛ poll taxes nɛɛ, na bureautic restrictions zaa be yɛɛ na saa la zɔŋɔrɔ bɛ vɔɔteng. African Americans be gɔ lɛnɛ ka ba wa register anaa vote – ba gɔ harassment, intimidation, economic punishment, kpɛ physical violence. Nɛ yɛlɛɛ, African Americans zɔɔ zaa be yɛ registered voters kpɛ ba zaa kpɛ political power nyɛɛ – local yelɛ anaa national level yɛ.<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965#</ref> Tɛ 1950s la, Civil Rights Movement be kpɛ la pressure kpɛ federal government na be kpɛɛ zɔŋɔrɔ bɛ voting rights. Nɛ 1957 la, Congress be pass la Civil Rights Act of 1957, ka yɛɛ first civil rights law da Reconstruction be tiɛ. Lɔŋ nɛɛ be na Attorney General power na be sue on behalf of zɔŋɔrɔ ka Fifteenth Amendment right ba zɔ. Lɔŋ nɛɛ be kɔ Civil Rights Division bɛ Department of Justice, kpɛ Commission on Civil Rights be zɔ voting rights violations.<ref name=":0" /> 1960 la, Civil Rights Act be kpɛ protections: e.g., federal courts be wa appoint referees na be register zɔŋɔrɔ be racial minorities bɛ areas ka voting discrimination be nyɛɛ.<ref name=":0" /> '''Mɛ, dù lɔŋɛɛ zaa be kpɛ la power bɛ courts, law standards yɛ kpɛkpɛle na Department of Justice ba nyɛɛ successful litigation.''' E.g., sɛ ba sue state be maintain literacy tests, Department be wa prove ka rejected applications bɛ racial minorities yɛ sɛɛ la accepted white ones. Nɛɛ wa dɔɔ la thousands of documents across counties, yɛɛ wa kpɛlɛ months. Local officials kpɛɛ be yɛɛ resistance – be yelɛ ka registration documents ba lɛɛ, be delete names, ana be resign na process yɛɛ ba kyɛ. Some federal judges ba yɛ support minority suffrage, so cases wa appeal multiple times.<ref name=":0" /> '''1957 kpɛ 1964 la, dù Department of Justice be litigate 71 voting rights cases, African-American voter registration rate nyɛɛ kpɛkpɛ.''' Zaa ka Department be yɛ litigation on case-by-case basis ba yɛɛ successful – ka one discriminatory law be prove unconstitutional, new one be replace ɛɛ.<ref name=":0" /> '''1964 la, Congress be pass la Civil Rights Act of 1964 na kpɛ la public services discrimination.''' Lɔŋ nɛɛ yɛɛ ka registrars be treat literacy tests equally, kpɛ applications be wa accept dù ɛɛ small errors. E be yelɛ ka zɔŋɔrɔ be sixth-grade education yɛ literate. Mɛ, dù civil rights leaders lobby hard, law ba ban all voting discrimination forms.<ref name=":0" /> '''President Lyndon B. Johnson be gɔ la problem nɛɛ, nɛɛ elections after 1964, mɛ be kɔ Attorney General Katzenbach privately: “Draft me toughest voting rights law."''' Mɛ publicly ba support ɛɛ, ka advisors be yelɛ ka sɛ e push law too early, e wa destroy Great Society plans, ka Southern Democrats wa angry.<ref name=":0" /> '''Nɛɛ elections yelɛɛ la, civil rights organizations sɛɛ Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) kpɛ Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) be yelɛ la government na act.''' Focus be ba la Selma, Alabama, ka County Sheriff Jim Clark be fight voter registration with police violence.<ref name=":0" /> '''James Forman bɛ SNCC be yelɛ:''' “Our plan yɛɛ na force U.S. government to act. If dem ba act, e wa show zaa dem ba on our side. Slogan yɛɛ: ''‘One Man, One Vote.’''”<ref name=":0" /> '''January 1965 la, Martin Luther King Jr., James Bevel, kpɛ others be organize peaceful protests.''' Mɛ police kpɛ white citizens be attack la protests. February 1, King kpɛ others be arrest. February 4, Malcolm X be give strong speech in Selma, ka be criticize King’s nonviolence. He later be yelɛ ka be do ɛɛ na scare whites make dem support King. Next day, King be release, kpɛ be write ''Letter From a Selma Jail'', published bɛ ''New York Times''.<ref name=":0" /> '''National focus kpɛ media attention be nyɛɛ kpɛle la Selma. February 6, Johnson be reverse decision, kpɛ yelɛ ka be wa send proposal to Congress – mɛ ba show date anaa details.'''<ref name=":0" /> '''February 18, bɛ Marion, Alabama, police be break peaceful night march. One police – James Bonard Fowler – be shoot dead young protester, Jimmie Lee Jackson, yɛɛ ba armed – be try protect ma.''' Event zaa inspire Bevel kpɛɛ, ka March 7, SCLC kpɛ SNCC be start Selma to Montgomery march. Goal yɛɛ ba reach Alabama capital, kpɛ present complaints to Governor George Wallace.<ref name=":0" /> '''First day, bɛ Edmund Pettus Bridge, police on horses be stop marchers – be use tear gas, beat dem.''' This day be come “''Bloody Sunday''”, ka video be shock entire U.S.<ref name=":0" /> '''March 9, another march – “''Turnaround Tuesday''” – white ministers be attacked by Ku Klux Klan. Reverend James Reeb be kill.'''<ref name=":0" /> '''March 15, Johnson be address Congress live on TV, be use civil rights slogan “We shall overcome,” kpɛ call for voting rights law.''' Two days after, bill be introduce bɛ Congress. Civil rights leaders, protected by federal troops, be lead 25,000 people from Selma to Montgomery.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":0" /> == Sommo Yizie == 7s6gxd4l0kps90dkdkcvn718u5vvsqh 51934 51933 2025-07-06T09:11:52Z Anthony Dery 16 Blanked the page 51934 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 51935 51934 2025-07-06T09:12:08Z Anthony Dery 16 51935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q1608064}} '''Voting Rights Act of 1965''' (ɛ Vɔɔteng Pɔgyɛɛ Lɔŋ Iŋɛ 1965) Voting Rights Act of 1965 yɛ U.S. soŋ zɔŋbɛ pɔgyɛɛ lɔŋ ba nyɛ nɔŋɔraa daŋɛ bɛ vɔɔteng pɔge yelɛ kaŋ te nyuori kpɛla. Lɔŋ yi da President Lyndon B. Johnson na signe ŋa ka nyɛɛ 6 August, 1965, daŋ ka Civil Rights Movement zaa nyɛ kpɛle. U.S. Congress be te sa lɔŋ gaa kpɛge zaa na yelɛ zɔŋ nɔŋ yɛlɛ ɛkpɛ zɔ zɔŋ. Lɔŋ yɛɛ yɛlɛ na kpɛ na yɛle voting rights ka te nyɛɛ United States Constitution, ka Article 14 kpɛ Article 15 so. Lɔŋ yelɛ kpɛ na zɔŋ yelɛ zaa pɔge yelɛ kaŋ ba nɔŋɔre bɛ U.S., yɛlɛ taaɛ la South. U.S. Department of Justice be zɔ la lɔŋ yɛɛ U.S. soŋ pɔge kpɛŋɛ civil rights lɔŋ ba nyɛɛ. National Archives and Records Administration be yelɛ: “Voting Rights Act of 1965 yɛɛ soŋ lɔŋ gaa kpɛle na tɔre zɔŋɛɛ U.S. beŋɛ pɔge na lɔŋɛɛ tɔrɔ ɛkpɛ be tɛngɛɛ naa be tɛengɛɛ saa la Reconstruction period kaŋ Civil War zaa be ti ɛŋ.” Lɔŋ taa provisions zaa ka be dɔŋɛ elections. “General provisions” be na kpɛla vɔɔteng pɔge kpɛŋɛ zɔŋɛɛ bɛ nyɛɛ U.S. Section 2 yɛɛ general provision kaŋ be zɔ la state kpɛ local governments ba yɔɔre zaa ka yelɛ na vɔɔteng kpɛ te nyɛɛ zɔŋ yelɛ ka ba yɛ race, colour, ana language minority group. Lɔŋ yi te yɛ literacy tests kpɛ dɔŋɛ kaŋ te wa zɔŋ nɔŋɔraa daŋɛ bɛ zɔŋ la vɔɔteng. Lɔŋ taaɛ soŋ provisions kaŋ be na apply la taa jurisdictions. Section 5 yɛɛ lɔŋ soŋ ba yɛlɛ “preclearance”, kaŋ be kpɛ la jurisdictions ka yelɛ na be teɛ la election rules kpɛŋɛ, ba beɛ na saa la approval kpɛŋɛ be U.S. Attorney General ana U.S. District Court for D.C., na kpɛ ba kpɛɛ zɔŋɛɛ minority bɛ. Soŋ provision kpɛɛ nyɛɛ la bilingual ballots kpɛ election materials bɛ jurisdictions kaŋ language minority nyɛ kpɛle. Section 5 kpɛ taaɛ soŋ provisions be apply la jurisdictions kaŋ Section 4(b) “coverage formula” nyɛɛ kpɛɛ. Formula yɛlɛ kpɛɛ la jurisdictions ka 1965 te zɔŋ zaa vɔɔteng pɔge kpɛŋɛ yɔɔre. Congress gaa kpɛɛ formula ŋa 1970 kpɛ 1975. Mɛ, 2013 la, Supreme Court of the U.S. be yelɛ ka Section 4(b) formula yɛ unconstitutional ŋa Shelby County v. Holder case zaa. Court be zɔ la Section 5 ba, mɛ nyɛ formula nɛɛ Section 5 zaa yɛ unenforceable. Nuu taaɛ jurisdictions ka be nyɛɛ coverage formula yɛlɛ kpɛɛ, be zɔ la voter registration purges kpɛ kpɛle. == Background == Nɛ yɛlɛ ka yɛ zaa yɛ U.S. Constitution zɔŋ daŋ baŋɛɛ la yɛɛ zaa kpɛla la states bɛ na be nyɛɛ zaa voting rules be nyɛɛ citizens bɛ. Mɛ, nɛ Civil War nyɛɛ nɛɛ, te ratify Reconstruction Amendments taaɛ, kaŋ be na saa la states nɛɛ kpɛla. Thirteenth Amendment (1865) yɛɛ ka slavery ba nyɛ la, nɛ baŋɛɛ ka yɛɛ punishment be crime. Fourteenth Amendment (1868) yɛɛ ka person bie anaa naturalized be U.S. nyɛɛ citizen, ka be zaa wa la due process kpɛ protection ɛ. Fifteenth Amendment (1870) yɛɛ ka zɔŋɔrɔ bɛ U.S. baŋɛɛ ka be ba yɛɛ vɔɔteng kpɛ race, colour, ana sɛ ɔ yɛ slave da. Congress waa power la yɛɛ lɔŋ be enforce zɔŋɛɛ Amendments bɛɛ. Tɛ 1870s la, Congress be pass la Enforcement Acts be criminalize la sɛ ka person ba wa saa zɔŋɔrɔ bɛ vɔɔteng, kpɛ be allow la federal supervision be registration. Mɛ, 1875 la, U.S. Supreme Court be saa lɔŋɛɛ da nɛɛ be yelɛ ka ba yɛ unconstitutional (e.g. U.S. v. Cruikshank, U.S. v. Reese). Nɛ Reconstruction yelɛɛ zaa nɛɛ 1877, enforcement yɛɛ ba nyɛɛ yaga, ka 1894 la Congress be repeal lɔŋɛɛ zaa. Southern states be pɔge la zaa disenfranchisement (yɛɛ baŋɛɛ la zɔŋɔrɔ ba wa vɔɔteng) yɛ racial minorities. Tɛ 1868 kpɛ 1888 la, electoral violence kpɛ fraud be suppress la African-American vɔɔteng. Tɛ 1888 kpɛ 1908 la, Southern states be pass la Jim Crow laws kpɛ amend la constitutions bɛ na be impose literacy tests, poll taxes, property requirements, “moral character” tests, interpretation of documents, kpɛ “grandfather clauses” kaŋ yɛɛ ka person ba yɛ eligible la voting nɛ grandfada yɛ vɔɔtɛr da (yɛ ka exclude la many African Americans). Supreme Court be support la discriminatory efforts zaa. E.g., in ''Giles v. Harris'' (1903), Court be yelɛ ka dù Fifteenth Amendment yɛɛ, Court ba wa power la force states na be register minorities. '''Zaa ka yɛlɛ Voting Rights Act of 1965 ba kyɛɛ, Southern states be zɔ la nɔŋɔrɔ bɛ, yɛ kaŋ ba African Americans, ba yɛɛ vɔɔteng.''' Mɛ baŋɛɛ ka literacy tests kpɛ poll taxes nɛɛ, na bureautic restrictions zaa be yɛɛ na saa la zɔŋɔrɔ bɛ vɔɔteng. African Americans be gɔ lɛnɛ ka ba wa register anaa vote – ba gɔ harassment, intimidation, economic punishment, kpɛ physical violence. Nɛ yɛlɛɛ, African Americans zɔɔ zaa be yɛ registered voters kpɛ ba zaa kpɛ political power nyɛɛ – local yelɛ anaa national level yɛ.<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965#</ref> Tɛ 1950s la, Civil Rights Movement be kpɛ la pressure kpɛ federal government na be kpɛɛ zɔŋɔrɔ bɛ voting rights. Nɛ 1957 la, Congress be pass la Civil Rights Act of 1957, ka yɛɛ first civil rights law da Reconstruction be tiɛ. Lɔŋ nɛɛ be na Attorney General power na be sue on behalf of zɔŋɔrɔ ka Fifteenth Amendment right ba zɔ. Lɔŋ nɛɛ be kɔ Civil Rights Division bɛ Department of Justice, kpɛ Commission on Civil Rights be zɔ voting rights violations.<ref name=":0" /> 1960 la, Civil Rights Act be kpɛ protections: e.g., federal courts be wa appoint referees na be register zɔŋɔrɔ be racial minorities bɛ areas ka voting discrimination be nyɛɛ.<ref name=":0" /> '''Mɛ, dù lɔŋɛɛ zaa be kpɛ la power bɛ courts, law standards yɛ kpɛkpɛle na Department of Justice ba nyɛɛ successful litigation.''' E.g., sɛ ba sue state be maintain literacy tests, Department be wa prove ka rejected applications bɛ racial minorities yɛ sɛɛ la accepted white ones. Nɛɛ wa dɔɔ la thousands of documents across counties, yɛɛ wa kpɛlɛ months. Local officials kpɛɛ be yɛɛ resistance – be yelɛ ka registration documents ba lɛɛ, be delete names, ana be resign na process yɛɛ ba kyɛ. Some federal judges ba yɛ support minority suffrage, so cases wa appeal multiple times.<ref name=":0" /> '''1957 kpɛ 1964 la, dù Department of Justice be litigate 71 voting rights cases, African-American voter registration rate nyɛɛ kpɛkpɛ.''' Zaa ka Department be yɛ litigation on case-by-case basis ba yɛɛ successful – ka one discriminatory law be prove unconstitutional, new one be replace ɛɛ.<ref name=":0" /> '''1964 la, Congress be pass la Civil Rights Act of 1964 na kpɛ la public services discrimination.''' Lɔŋ nɛɛ yɛɛ ka registrars be treat literacy tests equally, kpɛ applications be wa accept dù ɛɛ small errors. E be yelɛ ka zɔŋɔrɔ be sixth-grade education yɛ literate. Mɛ, dù civil rights leaders lobby hard, law ba ban all voting discrimination forms.<ref name=":0" /> '''President Lyndon B. Johnson be gɔ la problem nɛɛ, nɛɛ elections after 1964, mɛ be kɔ Attorney General Katzenbach privately: “Draft me toughest voting rights law."''' Mɛ publicly ba support ɛɛ, ka advisors be yelɛ ka sɛ e push law too early, e wa destroy Great Society plans, ka Southern Democrats wa angry.<ref name=":0" /> '''Nɛɛ elections yelɛɛ la, civil rights organizations sɛɛ Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) kpɛ Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) be yelɛ la government na act.''' Focus be ba la Selma, Alabama, ka County Sheriff Jim Clark be fight voter registration with police violence.<ref name=":0" /> '''James Forman bɛ SNCC be yelɛ:''' “Our plan yɛɛ na force U.S. government to act. If dem ba act, e wa show zaa dem ba on our side. Slogan yɛɛ: ''‘One Man, One Vote.’''”<ref name=":0" /> '''January 1965 la, Martin Luther King Jr., James Bevel, kpɛ others be organize peaceful protests.''' Mɛ police kpɛ white citizens be attack la protests. February 1, King kpɛ others be arrest. February 4, Malcolm X be give strong speech in Selma, ka be criticize King’s nonviolence. He later be yelɛ ka be do ɛɛ na scare whites make dem support King. Next day, King be release, kpɛ be write ''Letter From a Selma Jail'', published bɛ ''New York Times''.<ref name=":0" /> '''National focus kpɛ media attention be nyɛɛ kpɛle la Selma. February 6, Johnson be reverse decision, kpɛ yelɛ ka be wa send proposal to Congress – mɛ ba show date anaa details.'''<ref name=":0" /> '''February 18, bɛ Marion, Alabama, police be break peaceful night march. One police – James Bonard Fowler – be shoot dead young protester, Jimmie Lee Jackson, yɛɛ ba armed – be try protect ma.''' Event zaa inspire Bevel kpɛɛ, ka March 7, SCLC kpɛ SNCC be start Selma to Montgomery march. Goal yɛɛ ba reach Alabama capital, kpɛ present complaints to Governor George Wallace.<ref name=":0" /> '''First day, bɛ Edmund Pettus Bridge, police on horses be stop marchers – be use tear gas, beat dem.''' This day be come “''Bloody Sunday''”, ka video be shock entire U.S.<ref name=":0" /> '''March 9, another march – “''Turnaround Tuesday''” – white ministers be attacked by Ku Klux Klan. Reverend James Reeb be kill.'''<ref name=":0" /> '''March 15, Johnson be address Congress live on TV, be use civil rights slogan “We shall overcome,” kpɛ call for voting rights law.''' Two days after, bill be introduce bɛ Congress. Civil rights leaders, protected by federal troops, be lead 25,000 people from Selma to Montgomery.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":0" /> == Sommo Yizie == 7s6gxd4l0kps90dkdkcvn718u5vvsqh 0 5671 51936 2025-07-06T09:22:56Z GBOLO STEPHEN 1186 Created page with "Black Lives Matter (BLM) be bong kɛŋɛ kpɛŋɛ paala be ka zoroŋɛɛle, nɔŋ nɔ daŋ ka yɛlɛ zɔgɔlɛɛ nɛ discrimination be racial inequality a nyɛ kpɛŋɛ baŋɛ. N nyɛ kpɛŋɛɛɛ a be da ti police brutality nɛ zɔgɔlɛɛ kɛɛ kpɛŋɛ baŋɛ nyɛŋ police be ba die. BLM boɔro naalɛ la Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown, Eric Garner nɛ Rekia Boyd diee. Movement la BLM da la ka yelŋmaa waala kyɛng kyɛlɛ be yɛlɛ kpɛŋɛɛ baŋɛ kpɛ bɛɛ boɔro p..." 51936 wikitext text/x-wiki Black Lives Matter (BLM) be bong kɛŋɛ kpɛŋɛ paala be ka zoroŋɛɛle, nɔŋ nɔ daŋ ka yɛlɛ zɔgɔlɛɛ nɛ discrimination be racial inequality a nyɛ kpɛŋɛ baŋɛ. N nyɛ kpɛŋɛɛɛ a be da ti police brutality nɛ zɔgɔlɛɛ kɛɛ kpɛŋɛ baŋɛ nyɛŋ police be ba die. BLM boɔro naalɛ la Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown, Eric Garner nɛ Rekia Boyd diee. Movement la BLM da la ka yelŋmaa waala kyɛng kyɛlɛ be yɛlɛ kpɛŋɛɛ baŋɛ kpɛ bɛɛ boɔro poɔyɛ, nɛ da di legislative chaŋgɛ. BLM yɛla decentralised, nɛ a boɔro yɛ social media hashtags, slogans, local group yelɛ e.g. Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation. Nɔɔ kpɛla America nɛ Canada yɛla a zɔgɔ 40 chapters (2021 laa). BLM naŋ la kpɛ nɔŋ a trademark. 2013 laa, Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors nɛ Ayọ Tometi zɔgɔ lɛ hashtag #BlackLivesMatter ka social media so, naa George Zimmerman la bɛɛ fo Trayvon Martin nɛ lɔgɔ pɔge. 2014 laa, Michael Brown lɛ die ka Ferguson, Missouri, nɛ Eric Garner la New York be daŋ la ma BLM na kpɛ national attention. 2015 laa, BLM activists boɔro ka U.S. 2016 elections. 2020 laa, George Floyd lɛ die be Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin yɛ la BLM zɔgɔ international attention. America laa nyɛ 15 to 26 million people da tuori BLM protests; n be da boɔro nyɛ la America laa kaŋa maŋa protest movement. Zɔŋŋɛ la opposition be bɛ yel BLM yɛ violent, kaŋa nyɛɛ protests yɛ la calm. BLM laa zɔŋ popularity yɛ la sɛnɛ nɛ nyɛɛ. 2020 laa, America laa nyɛ 67% adults yɛ la support, ka 2023 laa yɛɛ 51%. Nɔŋ nɔ kaŋa bɛɛ nyɛ racial minorities yɛ la support: African Americans (81%), Hispanics (61%), Asians (63%). Structure nɛ Organisation Black Lives Matter yɛ decentralised nɛ grassroots movement. N kpɛ hashtag, slogan, social movement, political group, nɛ confederation of groups. Leaders boɔro la ka local organising yɛ la paala, nɛ yɛ waala kpɛ centralized leader. Activist DeRay McKesson yelɛ: “Black Lives Matter kpɛle la bɛɛ nyɛ zɔŋ nɛ yɛ Black Lives Matter kpɛlɛlɛ, nɛ yɛ ka kpɛŋɛɛ kpɛ.” 2013 laa, Patrisse Cullors, Alicia Garza nɛ Ayọ Tometi zɔgɔ BLM Network. A yɛ la online platform ka bɛɛ nyɛ zɔŋ da kpɛ guiding principles. Chapters yɛ la autonomous, ka a boɔ zɔŋ la kaŋa central structure. Garza yelɛ n be ka polɛsing kpɛ la bɛɛ nyɛ zɔŋ be BLM. As of 2021, nyɛ 40 chapters yɛla la U.S. nɛ Canada. Decentralisation yɛ da la confusion. Media kpɛ activists yɛ la confuse: a BLM boɔ actions kpɛ statements from any group lɛ. Matt Pearce la Los Angeles Times yelɛ: “Black Lives Matter kpɛ slogan, kpɛ protest title, kpɛ any action nyɛ racial injustice.” Broader Movement Ka Black Lives Matter laa zɔŋ groups yɛ la ka Movement for Black Lives (M4BL). M4BL kpɛ nyɛ 50+ groups be kpɛ kpɛŋɛ baŋɛ: BLM Network, National Conference of Black Lawyers, Ella Baker Center for Human Rights, etc. M4BL boɔro ka policy bill BREATHE Act: di money la police ka toɔ community services. A kpɛ changes ka emergency response system. July 24, 2015 laa, movement be zɔgɔ meeting la Cleveland State University. 1,500 to 2,000 activists kpɛ di strategies la police accountability. July 26 laa, bɛ zɔgɔ United Front. M4BL kpɛ goals nɛ demands la black communities’ liberation. 2016 laa, Ford Foundation yelɛ a di $100 million be M4BL. Open Society Foundations yɛɛ $33 million. 2016 laa, M4BL boɔro la ka decarceration, reparations, and justice la housing, education, prison nɛ food. A kpɛ end to surveillance, investment in education, nɛ community control of police. noyv5wtvlyn6naakntzve7lxlcywvbm 51937 51936 2025-07-06T09:42:15Z GBOLO STEPHEN 1186 51937 wikitext text/x-wiki Black Lives Matter (BLM) be bong kɛŋɛ kpɛŋɛ paala be ka zoroŋɛɛle, nɔŋ nɔ daŋ ka yɛlɛ zɔgɔlɛɛ nɛ discrimination be racial inequality a nyɛ kpɛŋɛ baŋɛ. N nyɛ kpɛŋɛɛɛ a be da ti police brutality nɛ zɔgɔlɛɛ kɛɛ kpɛŋɛ baŋɛ nyɛŋ police be ba die. BLM boɔro naalɛ la Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown, Eric Garner nɛ Rekia Boyd diee. Movement la BLM da la ka yelŋmaa waala kyɛng kyɛlɛ be yɛlɛ kpɛŋɛɛ baŋɛ kpɛ bɛɛ boɔro poɔyɛ, nɛ da di legislative chaŋgɛ. BLM yɛla decentralised, nɛ a boɔro yɛ social media hashtags, slogans, local group yelɛ e.g. Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation. Nɔɔ kpɛla America nɛ Canada yɛla a zɔgɔ 40 chapters (2021 laa). BLM naŋ la kpɛ nɔŋ a trademark. 2013 laa, Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors nɛ Ayọ Tometi zɔgɔ lɛ hashtag #BlackLivesMatter ka social media so, naa George Zimmerman la bɛɛ fo Trayvon Martin nɛ lɔgɔ pɔge. 2014 laa, Michael Brown lɛ die ka Ferguson, Missouri, nɛ Eric Garner la New York be daŋ la ma BLM na kpɛ national attention. 2015 laa, BLM activists boɔro ka U.S. 2016 elections. 2020 laa, George Floyd lɛ die be Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin yɛ la BLM zɔgɔ international attention. America laa nyɛ 15 to 26 million people da tuori BLM protests; n be da boɔro nyɛ la America laa kaŋa maŋa protest movement. Zɔŋŋɛ la opposition be bɛ yel BLM yɛ violent, kaŋa nyɛɛ protests yɛ la calm. BLM laa zɔŋ popularity yɛ la sɛnɛ nɛ nyɛɛ. 2020 laa, America laa nyɛ 67% adults yɛ la support, ka 2023 laa yɛɛ 51%. Nɔŋ nɔ kaŋa bɛɛ nyɛ racial minorities yɛ la support: African Americans (81%), Hispanics (61%), Asians (63%). Structure nɛ Organisation Black Lives Matter yɛ decentralised nɛ grassroots movement. N kpɛ hashtag, slogan, social movement, political group, nɛ confederation of groups. Leaders boɔro la ka local organising yɛ la paala, nɛ yɛ waala kpɛ centralized leader. Activist DeRay McKesson yelɛ: “Black Lives Matter kpɛle la bɛɛ nyɛ zɔŋ nɛ yɛ Black Lives Matter kpɛlɛlɛ, nɛ yɛ ka kpɛŋɛɛ kpɛ.” 2013 laa, Patrisse Cullors, Alicia Garza nɛ Ayọ Tometi zɔgɔ BLM Network. A yɛ la online platform ka bɛɛ nyɛ zɔŋ da kpɛ guiding principles. Chapters yɛ la autonomous, ka a boɔ zɔŋ la kaŋa central structure. Garza yelɛ n be ka polɛsing kpɛ la bɛɛ nyɛ zɔŋ be BLM. As of 2021, nyɛ 40 chapters yɛla la U.S. nɛ Canada. Decentralisation yɛ da la confusion. Media kpɛ activists yɛ la confuse: a BLM boɔ actions kpɛ statements from any group lɛ. Matt Pearce la Los Angeles Times yelɛ: “Black Lives Matter kpɛ slogan, kpɛ protest title, kpɛ any action nyɛ racial injustice.” Broader Movement Ka Black Lives Matter laa zɔŋ groups yɛ la ka Movement for Black Lives (M4BL). M4BL kpɛ nyɛ 50+ groups be kpɛ kpɛŋɛ baŋɛ: BLM Network, National Conference of Black Lawyers, Ella Baker Center for Human Rights, etc. M4BL boɔro ka policy bill BREATHE Act: di money la police ka toɔ community services. A kpɛ changes ka emergency response system. July 24, 2015 laa, movement be zɔgɔ meeting la Cleveland State University. 1,500 to 2,000 activists kpɛ di strategies la police accountability. July 26 laa, bɛ zɔgɔ United Front. M4BL kpɛ goals nɛ demands la black communities’ liberation. 2016 laa, Ford Foundation yelɛ a di $100 million be M4BL. Open Society Foundations yɛɛ $33 million. 2016 laa, M4BL boɔro la ka decarceration, reparations, and justice la housing, education, prison nɛ food. A kpɛ end to surveillance, investment in education, nɛ community control of police. Black Lives Matter boɔrɔ yɛlɛ ka yɛre nɛ UK a bie kyɛrɛ 2016. Gɛrɛgɛrɛ zɔŋ zɔŋ be nyɛle kpɛmma yɛlɛ ka police-yɛre ni waa ba kyɛre Manchester a July 11. Zɔŋ yɛlɛ ka Black Lives Matter UK (UKBLM) yɛ naŋ na kyɛre Brexit referendum ka nyɔge June 23, a Patrisse Cullors, a BLM activist fanɛ America, na yɛre boɔrɔ yɛlɛ. A August 4, 2016, BLM kpɛmma be gbɛrɛ London City Airport ni be kɔɔrɛ England. Ba na saa kpɛmma be daŋ daŋ sɛgɛ be puobu wɔɔ runway ka ba yɛre zuori. Pɔge bɛɛ 9 ba na police yɛ ba bɛ kpɛ. BLM yɛlɛ ba yɛ ka bie ka yɛŋa Birmingham ni Nottingham. UK kpɛmma ba kpɛ kyɛrɛ Mark Duggan kpɛkpɛre bɛ faa zaa a bie 5.<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter#Timeline_of_notable_events_and_demonstrations_in_the_United_States</ref> A bie kyɛrɛ 2016, tabloids newspapers ba yɛrɛ stories sɛ ba pɛ la ba nyɔge BLM kpɛmma bɛɛ zuori ni ba dɔɔɣe ba. Ba deɛ, movement naa yɛle anonymity. A June 25, 2017, BLM kpɛmma be yɛ kpɛmma nɛ Stratford, London, ka Edson Da Costa, a kaŋ na wa zɛbɛ wɔ police domɔ. Kpɛmma da be kpɛɛrɛ kpɛ la. Patrick Vernon yɛle ka BLM yɛlɛ nɛ UK a bie kyɛrɛ 2016 na kɛre daaŋ la. A bie 2018 zaa, ka Grenfell Tower fire ni Windrush scandal yɛ la, BLM yɛle kpɛ na kpɛɛ neɛ ba dɔɔgɔ kaŋ ba kyɛre black British pɔge zɔŋ, zɔŋɛɛ pɔge naŋ kpɛre. A December 2019, Black Lives Matter UK yɛle yɛ kɔɔperɛɛshɛŋ nɛ Wretched of the Earth ka ba nɔŋ la bɛne global indigenous pɔge ni pɔge zaŋ ba yɛrɛ racism ka ba baale nɛ climate justice movement.<ref name=":0" /> A June 7, 2020, kpɛmma yɛ la nɛ U.S. Embassy, London<ref name=":0" /> A bie 2020, kpɛmma yɛ ba nɛ UK ka ba kpɛ na BLM movement fanɛ U.S. Ka police wa George Floyd a yɛ zɛbɛ, kpɛmma ba yɛ la nɛ London: Trafalgar Square a May 31, Hyde Park a June 3, Parliament Square a June 6, ni U.S. Embassy a June 7. Manchester, Bristol ni Cardiff kpɛmma ba yɛ la zaa. UK kpɛmma ba kpɛ la solidarity nɛ U.S. kpɛmma, ni ba yɛ la gombo pɔge zaŋ police yɛrɛ yɛ ba wa wɔ UK, ba yɛ slogans, ba pɔ la signs, ni ba yɛ la social media posts nɛ pɔge neɛ Julian Cole, Belly Mujinga, Nuno Cardoso, ni Sarah Reed.<ref name=":0" /> A June 7, kpɛmma yɛ la zaa nɛ towns ni cities. Nɛ BLM kpɛmma a yɛ la nɛ Bristol, pɔge be kyi Edward Colston statue, a yɛ politician, philanthropist ni slave trader nɛ 1600s-1700s. Ba zɔɔ statue, ba yɛ nɔŋ wɔɔrɛ, ni ba pɔ la Bristol Harbour. Home Secretary Priti Patel yɛle ka "Sa hooliganism deɛ yɛ da kpɛrɛ kɔntɔlɛ." Nɛ London, Winston Churchill statue yɛ la graffiti zaa: ba yɛ spray paint wɔ name nɛ, ni ba yɛle "was a racist." Protester bɛɛ na pɔ la Union Jack flag a yɛ la nɛ Cenotaph a yɛ Memorial ka Britain's war dead. Sa yaga zaa, kpɛmma yɛ la violence nɛ police. Police pɔge 49 ba yɛ injury ka kpɛmma pɔ ba yɛ bottles ni fireworks wɔ ba. A weekend zaa, police yɛ kpɛɛ 135 kpɛmma. Prime Minister Boris Johnson yɛle ka pɔge be yɛ attack wɔ public property anaa police, ni ba yɛ pɔge ba wɔ hurt, police ba yɛ kpɛ wa, ba yɛ kpɛ nɔŋ ni ba kpɛrɛ BLM goal ba yɛre zuori.<ref name=":0" /> Leeds’ Millennium Square kpɛmma a yɛ la June 14, 2020 yɛle kpɛ ne coalition: ‘Black Voices Matter’, a Black Lives Matter Leeds yɛ wa zɔŋ. Kpɛmma bɛɛ yɛ la nɛ Woodhouse Moor a June 21, yɛle kpɛ ne Black Lives Matter Leeds zaa.<ref name=":0" /> A June 28, Black Lives Matter UK yɛ kpɛ criticism sɛ ba yɛ tweets nɛ Israel, ba yɛle ka “mainstream British politics yɛ zuori la critique Zionism.” Premier League a na yɛ BLM logo wɔ shirts zaa a 2019–20 season, yɛle ka pɔge be yɛ hijack BLM goal yɛ kpɛrɛ unacceptable. A summer 2020, ba kpɛ bɛɛ donɛɛshɛn, Black Lives Matter UK yɛle organise ba system. A September 2020, ba yɛle bɔɔ BLM UK naŋ “Black Liberation Movement UK,” ni ba yɛ la register kpɛ Community Benefit Society. Na ba kpɛ la Black Lives Matter zaa wɔ global cooperatives. A January 2021, group naa yɛle distribute ba fund zɔŋ nɛ black-led ni anti-racist organisations wɔ UK.<ref name=":0" /> BLM activist zɔŋ, Charles Gordon ni Sasha Johnson, yɛle “Taking The Initiative Party (TTIP)” wɔ summer 2020 ni ba yɛ la apply ka ba yɛ political party wɔ Electoral Commission. Nɛyɛlɛ, BLM UK yɛle ka “BLM UK deɛ ba nɔ la yɛ party. Saa pɔge anaa group deɛ ba yɛ ba.”<ref name=":0" /> A September 2021, British businessman ni philanthropist Ken Olisa yɛle wɔ Channel 4 ka Elizabeth II ni British royal family yɛ BLM supporters. BLM UK spokesperson yɛle ka: “Ba yɛɛ zaŋ ka Queen yɛ BLM supporter. Naa ba zaa yɛle yɛne yɛre kpɛ. Baale ka yɛ le fight ka yɛ bɔ White supremacy. Nɛyɛlɛ, actions yɛ kpɛ wa words. Queen yɛ la throne yɛ colonial loot. Ka ba nyɔ la gɔɔld ni diamonds ba kpɛ Commonwealth, ni ba yɛ la reparations, sa words deɛ yɛ naŋ da kpɛ la sɔgɛ.”<ref name=":0" /> A October 2021, The Guardian ni The Times yɛ stories ka covert police unit nɛ South Wales yɛle ka ba pɛ la recruit BLM protester ka ba yɛ informant ka ba nyɔ la information nɛ far-right pɔge be yɛ BLM kpɛmma supporter. A February 2022, Swansea chapter nɛ BLM yɛle ka ba na gbɛɛ kpɛ ka police yɛle ka ba recruit ba, ni ba kpɛ threats yɛ physical ni mental health nɛ ba kpɛmma.<ref name=":0" /> A July 2024, Black Lives Matter UK Festival of Collective Liberation yɛ la nɛ Friends House, London, ni kpɛrɛ zɔŋgɛ activist ni supporters bɛɛ 600.<ref name=":0" /> aw2zwvwpb66lh530masvhzvaplg718j 51940 51937 2025-07-06T10:16:13Z Anthony Dery 16 51940 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Black Lives Matter (BLM)''' be bong kɛŋɛ kpɛŋɛ paala be ka zoroŋɛɛle, nɔŋ nɔ daŋ ka yɛlɛ zɔgɔlɛɛ nɛ discrimination be racial inequality a nyɛ kpɛŋɛ baŋɛ. N nyɛ kpɛŋɛɛɛ a be da ti police brutality nɛ zɔgɔlɛɛ kɛɛ kpɛŋɛ baŋɛ nyɛŋ police be ba die. BLM boɔro naalɛ la Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown, Eric Garner nɛ Rekia Boyd diee. Movement la BLM da la ka yelŋmaa waala kyɛng kyɛlɛ be yɛlɛ kpɛŋɛɛ baŋɛ kpɛ bɛɛ boɔro poɔyɛ, nɛ da di legislative chaŋgɛ. BLM yɛla decentralised, nɛ a boɔro yɛ social media hashtags, slogans, local group yelɛ e.g. Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation. Nɔɔ kpɛla America nɛ Canada yɛla a zɔgɔ 40 chapters (2021 laa). BLM naŋ la kpɛ nɔŋ a trademark. 2013 laa, Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors nɛ Ayọ Tometi zɔgɔ lɛ hashtag #BlackLivesMatter ka social media so, naa George Zimmerman la bɛɛ fo Trayvon Martin nɛ lɔgɔ pɔge. 2014 laa, Michael Brown lɛ die ka Ferguson, Missouri, nɛ Eric Garner la New York be daŋ la ma BLM na kpɛ national attention. 2015 laa, BLM activists boɔro ka U.S. 2016 elections. 2020 laa, George Floyd lɛ die be Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin yɛ la BLM zɔgɔ international attention. America laa nyɛ 15 to 26 million people da tuori BLM protests; n be da boɔro nyɛ la America laa kaŋa maŋa protest movement. Zɔŋŋɛ la opposition be bɛ yel BLM yɛ violent, kaŋa nyɛɛ protests yɛ la calm. BLM laa zɔŋ popularity yɛ la sɛnɛ nɛ nyɛɛ. 2020 laa, America laa nyɛ 67% adults yɛ la support, ka 2023 laa yɛɛ 51%. Nɔŋ nɔ kaŋa bɛɛ nyɛ racial minorities yɛ la support: African Americans (81%), Hispanics (61%), Asians (63%). Structure nɛ Organisation Black Lives Matter yɛ decentralised nɛ grassroots movement. N kpɛ hashtag, slogan, social movement, political group, nɛ confederation of groups. Leaders boɔro la ka local organising yɛ la paala, nɛ yɛ waala kpɛ centralized leader. Activist DeRay McKesson yelɛ: “Black Lives Matter kpɛle la bɛɛ nyɛ zɔŋ nɛ yɛ Black Lives Matter kpɛlɛlɛ, nɛ yɛ ka kpɛŋɛɛ kpɛ.” 2013 laa, Patrisse Cullors, Alicia Garza nɛ Ayọ Tometi zɔgɔ BLM Network. A yɛ la online platform ka bɛɛ nyɛ zɔŋ da kpɛ guiding principles. Chapters yɛ la autonomous, ka a boɔ zɔŋ la kaŋa central structure. Garza yelɛ n be ka polɛsing kpɛ la bɛɛ nyɛ zɔŋ be BLM. As of 2021, nyɛ 40 chapters yɛla la U.S. nɛ Canada. Decentralisation yɛ da la confusion. Media kpɛ activists yɛ la confuse: a BLM boɔ actions kpɛ statements from any group lɛ. Matt Pearce la Los Angeles Times yelɛ: “Black Lives Matter kpɛ slogan, kpɛ protest title, kpɛ any action nyɛ racial injustice.” Broader Movement Ka Black Lives Matter laa zɔŋ groups yɛ la ka Movement for Black Lives (M4BL). M4BL kpɛ nyɛ 50+ groups be kpɛ kpɛŋɛ baŋɛ: BLM Network, National Conference of Black Lawyers, Ella Baker Center for Human Rights, etc. M4BL boɔro ka policy bill BREATHE Act: di money la police ka toɔ community services. A kpɛ changes ka emergency response system. July 24, 2015 laa, movement be zɔgɔ meeting la Cleveland State University. 1,500 to 2,000 activists kpɛ di strategies la police accountability. July 26 laa, bɛ zɔgɔ United Front. M4BL kpɛ goals nɛ demands la black communities’ liberation. 2016 laa, Ford Foundation yelɛ a di $100 million be M4BL. Open Society Foundations yɛɛ $33 million. 2016 laa, M4BL boɔro la ka decarceration, reparations, and justice la housing, education, prison nɛ food. A kpɛ end to surveillance, investment in education, nɛ community control of police. Black Lives Matter boɔrɔ yɛlɛ ka yɛre nɛ UK a bie kyɛrɛ 2016. Gɛrɛgɛrɛ zɔŋ zɔŋ be nyɛle kpɛmma yɛlɛ ka police-yɛre ni waa ba kyɛre Manchester a July 11. Zɔŋ yɛlɛ ka Black Lives Matter UK (UKBLM) yɛ naŋ na kyɛre Brexit referendum ka nyɔge June 23, a Patrisse Cullors, a BLM activist fanɛ America, na yɛre boɔrɔ yɛlɛ. A August 4, 2016, BLM kpɛmma be gbɛrɛ London City Airport ni be kɔɔrɛ England. Ba na saa kpɛmma be daŋ daŋ sɛgɛ be puobu wɔɔ runway ka ba yɛre zuori. Pɔge bɛɛ 9 ba na police yɛ ba bɛ kpɛ. BLM yɛlɛ ba yɛ ka bie ka yɛŋa Birmingham ni Nottingham. UK kpɛmma ba kpɛ kyɛrɛ Mark Duggan kpɛkpɛre bɛ faa zaa a bie 5.<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter#Timeline_of_notable_events_and_demonstrations_in_the_United_States</ref> A bie kyɛrɛ 2016, tabloids newspapers ba yɛrɛ stories sɛ ba pɛ la ba nyɔge BLM kpɛmma bɛɛ zuori ni ba dɔɔɣe ba. Ba deɛ, movement naa yɛle anonymity. A June 25, 2017, BLM kpɛmma be yɛ kpɛmma nɛ Stratford, London, ka Edson Da Costa, a kaŋ na wa zɛbɛ wɔ police domɔ. Kpɛmma da be kpɛɛrɛ kpɛ la. Patrick Vernon yɛle ka BLM yɛlɛ nɛ UK a bie kyɛrɛ 2016 na kɛre daaŋ la. A bie 2018 zaa, ka Grenfell Tower fire ni Windrush scandal yɛ la, BLM yɛle kpɛ na kpɛɛ neɛ ba dɔɔgɔ kaŋ ba kyɛre black British pɔge zɔŋ, zɔŋɛɛ pɔge naŋ kpɛre. A December 2019, Black Lives Matter UK yɛle yɛ kɔɔperɛɛshɛŋ nɛ Wretched of the Earth ka ba nɔŋ la bɛne global indigenous pɔge ni pɔge zaŋ ba yɛrɛ racism ka ba baale nɛ climate justice movement.<ref name=":0" /> A June 7, 2020, kpɛmma yɛ la nɛ U.S. Embassy, London<ref name=":0" /> A bie 2020, kpɛmma yɛ ba nɛ UK ka ba kpɛ na BLM movement fanɛ U.S. Ka police wa George Floyd a yɛ zɛbɛ, kpɛmma ba yɛ la nɛ London: Trafalgar Square a May 31, Hyde Park a June 3, Parliament Square a June 6, ni U.S. Embassy a June 7. Manchester, Bristol ni Cardiff kpɛmma ba yɛ la zaa. UK kpɛmma ba kpɛ la solidarity nɛ U.S. kpɛmma, ni ba yɛ la gombo pɔge zaŋ police yɛrɛ yɛ ba wa wɔ UK, ba yɛ slogans, ba pɔ la signs, ni ba yɛ la social media posts nɛ pɔge neɛ Julian Cole, Belly Mujinga, Nuno Cardoso, ni Sarah Reed.<ref name=":0" /> A June 7, kpɛmma yɛ la zaa nɛ towns ni cities. Nɛ BLM kpɛmma a yɛ la nɛ Bristol, pɔge be kyi Edward Colston statue, a yɛ politician, philanthropist ni slave trader nɛ 1600s-1700s. Ba zɔɔ statue, ba yɛ nɔŋ wɔɔrɛ, ni ba pɔ la Bristol Harbour. Home Secretary Priti Patel yɛle ka "Sa hooliganism deɛ yɛ da kpɛrɛ kɔntɔlɛ." Nɛ London, Winston Churchill statue yɛ la graffiti zaa: ba yɛ spray paint wɔ name nɛ, ni ba yɛle "was a racist." Protester bɛɛ na pɔ la Union Jack flag a yɛ la nɛ Cenotaph a yɛ Memorial ka Britain's war dead. Sa yaga zaa, kpɛmma yɛ la violence nɛ police. Police pɔge 49 ba yɛ injury ka kpɛmma pɔ ba yɛ bottles ni fireworks wɔ ba. A weekend zaa, police yɛ kpɛɛ 135 kpɛmma. Prime Minister Boris Johnson yɛle ka pɔge be yɛ attack wɔ public property anaa police, ni ba yɛ pɔge ba wɔ hurt, police ba yɛ kpɛ wa, ba yɛ kpɛ nɔŋ ni ba kpɛrɛ BLM goal ba yɛre zuori.<ref name=":0" /> Leeds’ Millennium Square kpɛmma a yɛ la June 14, 2020 yɛle kpɛ ne coalition: ‘Black Voices Matter’, a Black Lives Matter Leeds yɛ wa zɔŋ. Kpɛmma bɛɛ yɛ la nɛ Woodhouse Moor a June 21, yɛle kpɛ ne Black Lives Matter Leeds zaa.<ref name=":0" /> A June 28, Black Lives Matter UK yɛ kpɛ criticism sɛ ba yɛ tweets nɛ Israel, ba yɛle ka “mainstream British politics yɛ zuori la critique Zionism.” Premier League a na yɛ BLM logo wɔ shirts zaa a 2019–20 season, yɛle ka pɔge be yɛ hijack BLM goal yɛ kpɛrɛ unacceptable. A summer 2020, ba kpɛ bɛɛ donɛɛshɛn, Black Lives Matter UK yɛle organise ba system. A September 2020, ba yɛle bɔɔ BLM UK naŋ “Black Liberation Movement UK,” ni ba yɛ la register kpɛ Community Benefit Society. Na ba kpɛ la Black Lives Matter zaa wɔ global cooperatives. A January 2021, group naa yɛle distribute ba fund zɔŋ nɛ black-led ni anti-racist organisations wɔ UK.<ref name=":0" /> BLM activist zɔŋ, Charles Gordon ni Sasha Johnson, yɛle “Taking The Initiative Party (TTIP)” wɔ summer 2020 ni ba yɛ la apply ka ba yɛ political party wɔ Electoral Commission. Nɛyɛlɛ, BLM UK yɛle ka “BLM UK deɛ ba nɔ la yɛ party. Saa pɔge anaa group deɛ ba yɛ ba.”<ref name=":0" /> A September 2021, British businessman ni philanthropist Ken Olisa yɛle wɔ Channel 4 ka Elizabeth II ni British royal family yɛ BLM supporters. BLM UK spokesperson yɛle ka: “Ba yɛɛ zaŋ ka Queen yɛ BLM supporter. Naa ba zaa yɛle yɛne yɛre kpɛ. Baale ka yɛ le fight ka yɛ bɔ White supremacy. Nɛyɛlɛ, actions yɛ kpɛ wa words. Queen yɛ la throne yɛ colonial loot. Ka ba nyɔ la gɔɔld ni diamonds ba kpɛ Commonwealth, ni ba yɛ la reparations, sa words deɛ yɛ naŋ da kpɛ la sɔgɛ.”<ref name=":0" /> A October 2021, The Guardian ni The Times yɛ stories ka covert police unit nɛ South Wales yɛle ka ba pɛ la recruit BLM protester ka ba yɛ informant ka ba nyɔ la information nɛ far-right pɔge be yɛ BLM kpɛmma supporter. A February 2022, Swansea chapter nɛ BLM yɛle ka ba na gbɛɛ kpɛ ka police yɛle ka ba recruit ba, ni ba kpɛ threats yɛ physical ni mental health nɛ ba kpɛmma.<ref name=":0" /> A July 2024, Black Lives Matter UK Festival of Collective Liberation yɛ la nɛ Friends House, London, ni kpɛrɛ zɔŋgɛ activist ni supporters bɛɛ 600.<ref name=":0" /> == Sommo Yizie == tmcsh6yw6cyvqf5q1j4vj7codupu1gg 51941 51940 2025-07-06T10:23:28Z Anthony Dery 16 51941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q19600530}} '''Black Lives Matter (BLM)''' be bong kɛŋɛ kpɛŋɛ paala be ka zoroŋɛɛle, nɔŋ nɔ daŋ ka yɛlɛ zɔgɔlɛɛ nɛ discrimination be racial inequality a nyɛ kpɛŋɛ baŋɛ. N nyɛ kpɛŋɛɛɛ a be da ti police brutality nɛ zɔgɔlɛɛ kɛɛ kpɛŋɛ baŋɛ nyɛŋ police be ba die. BLM boɔro naalɛ la Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown, Eric Garner nɛ Rekia Boyd diee. Movement la BLM da la ka yelŋmaa waala kyɛng kyɛlɛ be yɛlɛ kpɛŋɛɛ baŋɛ kpɛ bɛɛ boɔro poɔyɛ, nɛ da di legislative chaŋgɛ. BLM yɛla decentralised, nɛ a boɔro yɛ social media hashtags, slogans, local group yelɛ e.g. Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation. Nɔɔ kpɛla America nɛ Canada yɛla a zɔgɔ 40 chapters (2021 laa). BLM naŋ la kpɛ nɔŋ a trademark. 2013 laa, Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors nɛ Ayọ Tometi zɔgɔ lɛ hashtag #BlackLivesMatter ka social media so, naa George Zimmerman la bɛɛ fo Trayvon Martin nɛ lɔgɔ pɔge. 2014 laa, Michael Brown lɛ die ka Ferguson, Missouri, nɛ Eric Garner la New York be daŋ la ma BLM na kpɛ national attention. 2015 laa, BLM activists boɔro ka U.S. 2016 elections. 2020 laa, George Floyd lɛ die be Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin yɛ la BLM zɔgɔ international attention. America laa nyɛ 15 to 26 million people da tuori BLM protests; n be da boɔro nyɛ la America laa kaŋa maŋa protest movement. Zɔŋŋɛ la opposition be bɛ yel BLM yɛ violent, kaŋa nyɛɛ protests yɛ la calm. BLM laa zɔŋ popularity yɛ la sɛnɛ nɛ nyɛɛ. 2020 laa, America laa nyɛ 67% adults yɛ la support, ka 2023 laa yɛɛ 51%. Nɔŋ nɔ kaŋa bɛɛ nyɛ racial minorities yɛ la support: African Americans (81%), Hispanics (61%), Asians (63%). Structure nɛ Organisation Black Lives Matter yɛ decentralised nɛ grassroots movement. N kpɛ hashtag, slogan, social movement, political group, nɛ confederation of groups. Leaders boɔro la ka local organising yɛ la paala, nɛ yɛ waala kpɛ centralized leader. Activist DeRay McKesson yelɛ: “Black Lives Matter kpɛle la bɛɛ nyɛ zɔŋ nɛ yɛ Black Lives Matter kpɛlɛlɛ, nɛ yɛ ka kpɛŋɛɛ kpɛ.” 2013 laa, Patrisse Cullors, Alicia Garza nɛ Ayọ Tometi zɔgɔ BLM Network. A yɛ la online platform ka bɛɛ nyɛ zɔŋ da kpɛ guiding principles. Chapters yɛ la autonomous, ka a boɔ zɔŋ la kaŋa central structure. Garza yelɛ n be ka polɛsing kpɛ la bɛɛ nyɛ zɔŋ be BLM. As of 2021, nyɛ 40 chapters yɛla la U.S. nɛ Canada. Decentralisation yɛ da la confusion. Media kpɛ activists yɛ la confuse: a BLM boɔ actions kpɛ statements from any group lɛ. Matt Pearce la Los Angeles Times yelɛ: “Black Lives Matter kpɛ slogan, kpɛ protest title, kpɛ any action nyɛ racial injustice.” Broader Movement Ka Black Lives Matter laa zɔŋ groups yɛ la ka Movement for Black Lives (M4BL). M4BL kpɛ nyɛ 50+ groups be kpɛ kpɛŋɛ baŋɛ: BLM Network, National Conference of Black Lawyers, Ella Baker Center for Human Rights, etc. M4BL boɔro ka policy bill BREATHE Act: di money la police ka toɔ community services. A kpɛ changes ka emergency response system. July 24, 2015 laa, movement be zɔgɔ meeting la Cleveland State University. 1,500 to 2,000 activists kpɛ di strategies la police accountability. July 26 laa, bɛ zɔgɔ United Front. M4BL kpɛ goals nɛ demands la black communities’ liberation. 2016 laa, Ford Foundation yelɛ a di $100 million be M4BL. Open Society Foundations yɛɛ $33 million. 2016 laa, M4BL boɔro la ka decarceration, reparations, and justice la housing, education, prison nɛ food. A kpɛ end to surveillance, investment in education, nɛ community control of police. Black Lives Matter boɔrɔ yɛlɛ ka yɛre nɛ UK a bie kyɛrɛ 2016. Gɛrɛgɛrɛ zɔŋ zɔŋ be nyɛle kpɛmma yɛlɛ ka police-yɛre ni waa ba kyɛre Manchester a July 11. Zɔŋ yɛlɛ ka Black Lives Matter UK (UKBLM) yɛ naŋ na kyɛre Brexit referendum ka nyɔge June 23, a Patrisse Cullors, a BLM activist fanɛ America, na yɛre boɔrɔ yɛlɛ. A August 4, 2016, BLM kpɛmma be gbɛrɛ London City Airport ni be kɔɔrɛ England. Ba na saa kpɛmma be daŋ daŋ sɛgɛ be puobu wɔɔ runway ka ba yɛre zuori. Pɔge bɛɛ 9 ba na police yɛ ba bɛ kpɛ. BLM yɛlɛ ba yɛ ka bie ka yɛŋa Birmingham ni Nottingham. UK kpɛmma ba kpɛ kyɛrɛ Mark Duggan kpɛkpɛre bɛ faa zaa a bie 5.<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter#Timeline_of_notable_events_and_demonstrations_in_the_United_States</ref> A bie kyɛrɛ 2016, tabloids newspapers ba yɛrɛ stories sɛ ba pɛ la ba nyɔge BLM kpɛmma bɛɛ zuori ni ba dɔɔɣe ba. Ba deɛ, movement naa yɛle anonymity. A June 25, 2017, BLM kpɛmma be yɛ kpɛmma nɛ Stratford, London, ka Edson Da Costa, a kaŋ na wa zɛbɛ wɔ police domɔ. Kpɛmma da be kpɛɛrɛ kpɛ la. Patrick Vernon yɛle ka BLM yɛlɛ nɛ UK a bie kyɛrɛ 2016 na kɛre daaŋ la. A bie 2018 zaa, ka Grenfell Tower fire ni Windrush scandal yɛ la, BLM yɛle kpɛ na kpɛɛ neɛ ba dɔɔgɔ kaŋ ba kyɛre black British pɔge zɔŋ, zɔŋɛɛ pɔge naŋ kpɛre. A December 2019, Black Lives Matter UK yɛle yɛ kɔɔperɛɛshɛŋ nɛ Wretched of the Earth ka ba nɔŋ la bɛne global indigenous pɔge ni pɔge zaŋ ba yɛrɛ racism ka ba baale nɛ climate justice movement.<ref name=":0" /> A June 7, 2020, kpɛmma yɛ la nɛ U.S. Embassy, London<ref name=":0" /> A bie 2020, kpɛmma yɛ ba nɛ UK ka ba kpɛ na BLM movement fanɛ U.S. Ka police wa George Floyd a yɛ zɛbɛ, kpɛmma ba yɛ la nɛ London: Trafalgar Square a May 31, Hyde Park a June 3, Parliament Square a June 6, ni U.S. Embassy a June 7. Manchester, Bristol ni Cardiff kpɛmma ba yɛ la zaa. UK kpɛmma ba kpɛ la solidarity nɛ U.S. kpɛmma, ni ba yɛ la gombo pɔge zaŋ police yɛrɛ yɛ ba wa wɔ UK, ba yɛ slogans, ba pɔ la signs, ni ba yɛ la social media posts nɛ pɔge neɛ Julian Cole, Belly Mujinga, Nuno Cardoso, ni Sarah Reed.<ref name=":0" /> A June 7, kpɛmma yɛ la zaa nɛ towns ni cities. Nɛ BLM kpɛmma a yɛ la nɛ Bristol, pɔge be kyi Edward Colston statue, a yɛ politician, philanthropist ni slave trader nɛ 1600s-1700s. Ba zɔɔ statue, ba yɛ nɔŋ wɔɔrɛ, ni ba pɔ la Bristol Harbour. Home Secretary Priti Patel yɛle ka "Sa hooliganism deɛ yɛ da kpɛrɛ kɔntɔlɛ." Nɛ London, Winston Churchill statue yɛ la graffiti zaa: ba yɛ spray paint wɔ name nɛ, ni ba yɛle "was a racist." Protester bɛɛ na pɔ la Union Jack flag a yɛ la nɛ Cenotaph a yɛ Memorial ka Britain's war dead. Sa yaga zaa, kpɛmma yɛ la violence nɛ police. Police pɔge 49 ba yɛ injury ka kpɛmma pɔ ba yɛ bottles ni fireworks wɔ ba. A weekend zaa, police yɛ kpɛɛ 135 kpɛmma. Prime Minister Boris Johnson yɛle ka pɔge be yɛ attack wɔ public property anaa police, ni ba yɛ pɔge ba wɔ hurt, police ba yɛ kpɛ wa, ba yɛ kpɛ nɔŋ ni ba kpɛrɛ BLM goal ba yɛre zuori.<ref name=":0" /> Leeds’ Millennium Square kpɛmma a yɛ la June 14, 2020 yɛle kpɛ ne coalition: ‘Black Voices Matter’, a Black Lives Matter Leeds yɛ wa zɔŋ. Kpɛmma bɛɛ yɛ la nɛ Woodhouse Moor a June 21, yɛle kpɛ ne Black Lives Matter Leeds zaa.<ref name=":0" /> A June 28, Black Lives Matter UK yɛ kpɛ criticism sɛ ba yɛ tweets nɛ Israel, ba yɛle ka “mainstream British politics yɛ zuori la critique Zionism.” Premier League a na yɛ BLM logo wɔ shirts zaa a 2019–20 season, yɛle ka pɔge be yɛ hijack BLM goal yɛ kpɛrɛ unacceptable. A summer 2020, ba kpɛ bɛɛ donɛɛshɛn, Black Lives Matter UK yɛle organise ba system. A September 2020, ba yɛle bɔɔ BLM UK naŋ “Black Liberation Movement UK,” ni ba yɛ la register kpɛ Community Benefit Society. Na ba kpɛ la Black Lives Matter zaa wɔ global cooperatives. A January 2021, group naa yɛle distribute ba fund zɔŋ nɛ black-led ni anti-racist organisations wɔ UK.<ref name=":0" /> BLM activist zɔŋ, Charles Gordon ni Sasha Johnson, yɛle “Taking The Initiative Party (TTIP)” wɔ summer 2020 ni ba yɛ la apply ka ba yɛ political party wɔ Electoral Commission. Nɛyɛlɛ, BLM UK yɛle ka “BLM UK deɛ ba nɔ la yɛ party. Saa pɔge anaa group deɛ ba yɛ ba.”<ref name=":0" /> A September 2021, British businessman ni philanthropist Ken Olisa yɛle wɔ Channel 4 ka Elizabeth II ni British royal family yɛ BLM supporters. BLM UK spokesperson yɛle ka: “Ba yɛɛ zaŋ ka Queen yɛ BLM supporter. Naa ba zaa yɛle yɛne yɛre kpɛ. Baale ka yɛ le fight ka yɛ bɔ White supremacy. Nɛyɛlɛ, actions yɛ kpɛ wa words. Queen yɛ la throne yɛ colonial loot. Ka ba nyɔ la gɔɔld ni diamonds ba kpɛ Commonwealth, ni ba yɛ la reparations, sa words deɛ yɛ naŋ da kpɛ la sɔgɛ.”<ref name=":0" /> A October 2021, The Guardian ni The Times yɛ stories ka covert police unit nɛ South Wales yɛle ka ba pɛ la recruit BLM protester ka ba yɛ informant ka ba nyɔ la information nɛ far-right pɔge be yɛ BLM kpɛmma supporter. A February 2022, Swansea chapter nɛ BLM yɛle ka ba na gbɛɛ kpɛ ka police yɛle ka ba recruit ba, ni ba kpɛ threats yɛ physical ni mental health nɛ ba kpɛmma.<ref name=":0" /> A July 2024, Black Lives Matter UK Festival of Collective Liberation yɛ la nɛ Friends House, London, ni kpɛrɛ zɔŋgɛ activist ni supporters bɛɛ 600.<ref name=":0" /> == Sommo Yizie == aesdgv7e255iwt59d3wk6i0m3e388v9 0 5672 51938 2025-07-06T10:03:32Z GBOLO STEPHEN 1186 Pan-Africanism 51938 wikitext text/x-wiki Pan-Africanism yɛ kpɛmaa-yɛlɛ a yɛ le zaŋ waale ni yɛ kpɛgɛɛrɛ ba yelŋmɛ a pɔge zaŋ kpɛ African yɛlɛ ni ba yɛ pɔge be zaŋ kpɛ diaspora a ba zuori African yɛlɛ. Sa kpɛmaa-yɛlɛ yɛ pɔ la goal a yɛ kpɛre yɛ African pɔge kɔntɔŋ sa Atlantic slave trade, Trans-Saharan slave trade, Indian Ocean slave trade, Red Sea slave trade, slavery nɛ Cape Colony (ka yɛ South Africa), ni slavery nɛ Mauritius. Kpɛmaa-yɛlɛ yɛ zaŋ kpɛ wa pɔge be zaŋ kpɛ Africa continent; ba kpɛrɛ support bɛɛ zɔŋ wɔ diaspora nɛ Americas ni Europe.<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Africanism</ref> Pɔge yɛle ka Pan-Africanism zaa yɛre nyɔge wɔ African pɔge zuori sa enslavement ni colonisation. Sa struggle bɛ zaŋ kpɛ ba kpɛrɛ resistance be yɛ la wɔ slave ships – rebellions ni suicides – ni plantation ni colonial uprisings, ni movements ka "Back to Africa" wɔ 19th century. Pan-Africanism yɛ pɔ la belief ka kpɛgɛɛrɛ yɛ important la nɛ economic, social ni political development, na sa kpɛmaa-yɛlɛ yɛ pɔ la kpɛgɛɛrɛ ni zɔriɔ pɔge zaŋ kpɛ African yɛlɛ.<ref name=":1">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Africanism</ref> Na bie 20th century ta Pan-Africanism yɛle nyɔge la kpɛrɛ political kpɛmaa-yɛlɛ a pɔge be zuori diaspora (pɔge be African yɛlɛ a ba yɛ wɔ out of continent) be yɛle kpɛ la. A 1900, Henry Sylvester Williams, a Trinindadian lawyer, yɛle ka ba kpɛ la conference wɔ Westminster Hall, London, ka ba yɛ kpɛ la protest nɛ stealing of land nɛ colonies, racial discrimination, ni issues neɛ ka yɛ zɔriɔ black pɔge.<ref name=":0" /> Nɛ sa kpɛmaa-yɛlɛ yɛ core, Pan-Africanism yɛ belief ka “African pɔge, ba be continent so ni ba be diaspora so, ba kpɛ la nyɛ la common history, ni ba kpɛ la common destiny.” Pan-Africanism yɛ pɔ la feeling ka African pɔge be Americas, West Indies, ni continent be kpɛ nyɛ la one historical fate, kpɛrɛ wɔ slave trade nɛ Atlantic, African slavery, ni European imperialism.<ref name=":0" /> Pan-Africanism kpɛgɛɛrɛ yɛle kpɛ influence wɔ Organisation of African Unity (OAU) a yɛ African Union (AU) da nyɛ la a 1963. African Union Commission yɛ la headquarters wɔ Addis Ababa, ni Pan-African Parliament yɛ la seat wɔ Midrand, Johannesburg.<ref name=":0" /> Pan-Africanism yɛle da kpɛgɛɛrɛ nɛ zaŋ '''kpɛgɛɛrɛ ni yɔɔle kpɛ zaa pɔge a ba kpɛ waale'''. Pan-Africanism yɛ la kpɛgɛɛrɛ a governments be kpɛ la, ni grassroots kpɛmma zɔŋ be kpɛ la. Pɔge be yɛ Pan-Africanism kpɛgɛɛrɛ ba na: Toussaint Louverture, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Henri Christophe, François Duvalier, Aimé Césaire, Haile Selassie, Jomo Kenyatta, Edward Wilmot Blyden, Nnamdi Azikiwe, Patrice Lumumba, Julius Nyerere, Robert Sobukwe, Ahmed Sékou Touré, Kwame Nkrumah, King Sobhuza II, Robert Mugabe, Thomas Sankara, Kwame Ture, Dr. John Pombe Magufuli, Muammar Gaddafi, Walter Rodney, Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, grassroots kpɛgɛɛrɛ pɔge ka Joseph Robert Love, Marcus Garvey, Malcolm X, ni academics ka W. E. B. Du Bois, Anténor Firmin ni pɔge zaa be diaspora.<ref name=":0" /> Pan-Africanism kpɛgɛɛrɛ be yɛle ka '''solidarity''' yɛ kpɛ la zɔrɔ a Africa continent be tɔɔrɔ nyɛ la ni yɛ waale ba kpɛ wa kpɛrɛ nɔŋ nɛ ba be continent so. Nɛ kpɛgɛɛrɛ a kpɛ Africa zaa yɛ one bɛkpɔgɔ ba yɛ zaŋ kpɛ wa ni ba yɛ African pɔge zaa nɛ world so kpɛ waale.<ref name=":0" /> Ka Pan-Africanism goal yɛ kpɛ zaa, '''Africa bɛ zɔ la power''', ni sa power bɛ kpɛrɛ ka world be kpɛ change la wɔ way be ba tɔ la resources. Sa kpɛrɛ bɛ kpɛgɛɛrɛ psychological energy kpɛre kpɛ, ni bɛ kpɛ la strong political action... sa bɛ da kpɛ la power structures nɛ Americas ni kpɛgɛɛrɛ zaa wɔ world.<ref name=":1" /> Pɔge be yɛ Pan-Africanism kpɛgɛɛrɛ – yɛle ba “pan-Africans” anaa “pan-Africanists” – yɛ la kpɛ socialism principles, ni ba yɛle ka '''foreign governments''' anaa '''external influence''' wɔ Africa so yɛ da kpɛrɛ la. Nɛyɛlɛ, pɔge be kpɛ criticise Pan-Africanism, ba yɛle ka sa kpɛmaa-yɛlɛ yɛ kpɛ sɛrɛ kpɛ be zaa African pɔge yɛ la same experience. Ba kpɛ zaa kpɛgɛɛrɛ ka sa kpɛgɛɛrɛ yɛle nyɛ kpɛ rɛconciliation nɛ divisions be yɛ wɔ countries nɛ continent so ni within diaspora communities.<ref name=":1" /> 78ioawzxadoi492rc0lgybte84vzdi6 51942 51938 2025-07-06T10:25:36Z Anthony Dery 16 51942 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pan-Africanism''' yɛ kpɛmaa-yɛlɛ a yɛ le zaŋ waale ni yɛ kpɛgɛɛrɛ ba yelŋmɛ a pɔge zaŋ kpɛ African yɛlɛ ni ba yɛ pɔge be zaŋ kpɛ diaspora a ba zuori African yɛlɛ. Sa kpɛmaa-yɛlɛ yɛ pɔ la goal a yɛ kpɛre yɛ African pɔge kɔntɔŋ sa Atlantic slave trade, Trans-Saharan slave trade, Indian Ocean slave trade, Red Sea slave trade, slavery nɛ Cape Colony (ka yɛ South Africa), ni slavery nɛ Mauritius. Kpɛmaa-yɛlɛ yɛ zaŋ kpɛ wa pɔge be zaŋ kpɛ Africa continent; ba kpɛrɛ support bɛɛ zɔŋ wɔ diaspora nɛ Americas ni Europe.<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Africanism</ref> Pɔge yɛle ka Pan-Africanism zaa yɛre nyɔge wɔ African pɔge zuori sa enslavement ni colonisation. Sa struggle bɛ zaŋ kpɛ ba kpɛrɛ resistance be yɛ la wɔ slave ships – rebellions ni suicides – ni plantation ni colonial uprisings, ni movements ka "Back to Africa" wɔ 19th century. Pan-Africanism yɛ pɔ la belief ka kpɛgɛɛrɛ yɛ important la nɛ economic, social ni political development, na sa kpɛmaa-yɛlɛ yɛ pɔ la kpɛgɛɛrɛ ni zɔriɔ pɔge zaŋ kpɛ African yɛlɛ.<ref name=":1">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Africanism</ref> Na bie 20th century ta Pan-Africanism yɛle nyɔge la kpɛrɛ political kpɛmaa-yɛlɛ a pɔge be zuori diaspora (pɔge be African yɛlɛ a ba yɛ wɔ out of continent) be yɛle kpɛ la. A 1900, Henry Sylvester Williams, a Trinindadian lawyer, yɛle ka ba kpɛ la conference wɔ Westminster Hall, London, ka ba yɛ kpɛ la protest nɛ stealing of land nɛ colonies, racial discrimination, ni issues neɛ ka yɛ zɔriɔ black pɔge.<ref name=":0" /> Nɛ sa kpɛmaa-yɛlɛ yɛ core, Pan-Africanism yɛ belief ka “African pɔge, ba be continent so ni ba be diaspora so, ba kpɛ la nyɛ la common history, ni ba kpɛ la common destiny.” Pan-Africanism yɛ pɔ la feeling ka African pɔge be Americas, West Indies, ni continent be kpɛ nyɛ la one historical fate, kpɛrɛ wɔ slave trade nɛ Atlantic, African slavery, ni European imperialism.<ref name=":0" /> Pan-Africanism kpɛgɛɛrɛ yɛle kpɛ influence wɔ Organisation of African Unity (OAU) a yɛ African Union (AU) da nyɛ la a 1963. African Union Commission yɛ la headquarters wɔ Addis Ababa, ni Pan-African Parliament yɛ la seat wɔ Midrand, Johannesburg.<ref name=":0" /> Pan-Africanism yɛle da kpɛgɛɛrɛ nɛ zaŋ '''kpɛgɛɛrɛ ni yɔɔle kpɛ zaa pɔge a ba kpɛ waale'''. Pan-Africanism yɛ la kpɛgɛɛrɛ a governments be kpɛ la, ni grassroots kpɛmma zɔŋ be kpɛ la. Pɔge be yɛ Pan-Africanism kpɛgɛɛrɛ ba na: Toussaint Louverture, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Henri Christophe, François Duvalier, Aimé Césaire, Haile Selassie, Jomo Kenyatta, Edward Wilmot Blyden, Nnamdi Azikiwe, Patrice Lumumba, Julius Nyerere, Robert Sobukwe, Ahmed Sékou Touré, Kwame Nkrumah, King Sobhuza II, Robert Mugabe, Thomas Sankara, Kwame Ture, Dr. John Pombe Magufuli, Muammar Gaddafi, Walter Rodney, Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, grassroots kpɛgɛɛrɛ pɔge ka Joseph Robert Love, Marcus Garvey, Malcolm X, ni academics ka W. E. B. Du Bois, Anténor Firmin ni pɔge zaa be diaspora.<ref name=":0" /> Pan-Africanism kpɛgɛɛrɛ be yɛle ka '''solidarity''' yɛ kpɛ la zɔrɔ a Africa continent be tɔɔrɔ nyɛ la ni yɛ waale ba kpɛ wa kpɛrɛ nɔŋ nɛ ba be continent so. Nɛ kpɛgɛɛrɛ a kpɛ Africa zaa yɛ one bɛkpɔgɔ ba yɛ zaŋ kpɛ wa ni ba yɛ African pɔge zaa nɛ world so kpɛ waale.<ref name=":0" /> Ka Pan-Africanism goal yɛ kpɛ zaa, '''Africa bɛ zɔ la power''', ni sa power bɛ kpɛrɛ ka world be kpɛ change la wɔ way be ba tɔ la resources. Sa kpɛrɛ bɛ kpɛgɛɛrɛ psychological energy kpɛre kpɛ, ni bɛ kpɛ la strong political action... sa bɛ da kpɛ la power structures nɛ Americas ni kpɛgɛɛrɛ zaa wɔ world.<ref name=":1" /> Pɔge be yɛ Pan-Africanism kpɛgɛɛrɛ – yɛle ba “pan-Africans” anaa “pan-Africanists” – yɛ la kpɛ socialism principles, ni ba yɛle ka '''foreign governments''' anaa '''external influence''' wɔ Africa so yɛ da kpɛrɛ la. Nɛyɛlɛ, pɔge be kpɛ criticise Pan-Africanism, ba yɛle ka sa kpɛmaa-yɛlɛ yɛ kpɛ sɛrɛ kpɛ be zaa African pɔge yɛ la same experience. Ba kpɛ zaa kpɛgɛɛrɛ ka sa kpɛgɛɛrɛ yɛle nyɛ kpɛ rɛconciliation nɛ divisions be yɛ wɔ countries nɛ continent so ni within diaspora communities.<ref name=":1" /> == Sommo Yizie == ercw0f7sb7dy7caj7topaxypkev98oa 51943 51942 2025-07-06T10:26:37Z Anthony Dery 16 51943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q282739}} '''Pan-Africanism''' yɛ kpɛmaa-yɛlɛ a yɛ le zaŋ waale ni yɛ kpɛgɛɛrɛ ba yelŋmɛ a pɔge zaŋ kpɛ African yɛlɛ ni ba yɛ pɔge be zaŋ kpɛ diaspora a ba zuori African yɛlɛ. Sa kpɛmaa-yɛlɛ yɛ pɔ la goal a yɛ kpɛre yɛ African pɔge kɔntɔŋ sa Atlantic slave trade, Trans-Saharan slave trade, Indian Ocean slave trade, Red Sea slave trade, slavery nɛ Cape Colony (ka yɛ South Africa), ni slavery nɛ Mauritius. Kpɛmaa-yɛlɛ yɛ zaŋ kpɛ wa pɔge be zaŋ kpɛ Africa continent; ba kpɛrɛ support bɛɛ zɔŋ wɔ diaspora nɛ Americas ni Europe.<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Africanism</ref> Pɔge yɛle ka Pan-Africanism zaa yɛre nyɔge wɔ African pɔge zuori sa enslavement ni colonisation. Sa struggle bɛ zaŋ kpɛ ba kpɛrɛ resistance be yɛ la wɔ slave ships – rebellions ni suicides – ni plantation ni colonial uprisings, ni movements ka "Back to Africa" wɔ 19th century. Pan-Africanism yɛ pɔ la belief ka kpɛgɛɛrɛ yɛ important la nɛ economic, social ni political development, na sa kpɛmaa-yɛlɛ yɛ pɔ la kpɛgɛɛrɛ ni zɔriɔ pɔge zaŋ kpɛ African yɛlɛ.<ref name=":1">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Africanism</ref> Na bie 20th century ta Pan-Africanism yɛle nyɔge la kpɛrɛ political kpɛmaa-yɛlɛ a pɔge be zuori diaspora (pɔge be African yɛlɛ a ba yɛ wɔ out of continent) be yɛle kpɛ la. A 1900, Henry Sylvester Williams, a Trinindadian lawyer, yɛle ka ba kpɛ la conference wɔ Westminster Hall, London, ka ba yɛ kpɛ la protest nɛ stealing of land nɛ colonies, racial discrimination, ni issues neɛ ka yɛ zɔriɔ black pɔge.<ref name=":0" /> Nɛ sa kpɛmaa-yɛlɛ yɛ core, Pan-Africanism yɛ belief ka “African pɔge, ba be continent so ni ba be diaspora so, ba kpɛ la nyɛ la common history, ni ba kpɛ la common destiny.” Pan-Africanism yɛ pɔ la feeling ka African pɔge be Americas, West Indies, ni continent be kpɛ nyɛ la one historical fate, kpɛrɛ wɔ slave trade nɛ Atlantic, African slavery, ni European imperialism.<ref name=":0" /> Pan-Africanism kpɛgɛɛrɛ yɛle kpɛ influence wɔ Organisation of African Unity (OAU) a yɛ African Union (AU) da nyɛ la a 1963. African Union Commission yɛ la headquarters wɔ Addis Ababa, ni Pan-African Parliament yɛ la seat wɔ Midrand, Johannesburg.<ref name=":0" /> Pan-Africanism yɛle da kpɛgɛɛrɛ nɛ zaŋ '''kpɛgɛɛrɛ ni yɔɔle kpɛ zaa pɔge a ba kpɛ waale'''. Pan-Africanism yɛ la kpɛgɛɛrɛ a governments be kpɛ la, ni grassroots kpɛmma zɔŋ be kpɛ la. Pɔge be yɛ Pan-Africanism kpɛgɛɛrɛ ba na: Toussaint Louverture, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Henri Christophe, François Duvalier, Aimé Césaire, Haile Selassie, Jomo Kenyatta, Edward Wilmot Blyden, Nnamdi Azikiwe, Patrice Lumumba, Julius Nyerere, Robert Sobukwe, Ahmed Sékou Touré, Kwame Nkrumah, King Sobhuza II, Robert Mugabe, Thomas Sankara, Kwame Ture, Dr. John Pombe Magufuli, Muammar Gaddafi, Walter Rodney, Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, grassroots kpɛgɛɛrɛ pɔge ka Joseph Robert Love, Marcus Garvey, Malcolm X, ni academics ka W. E. B. Du Bois, Anténor Firmin ni pɔge zaa be diaspora.<ref name=":0" /> Pan-Africanism kpɛgɛɛrɛ be yɛle ka '''solidarity''' yɛ kpɛ la zɔrɔ a Africa continent be tɔɔrɔ nyɛ la ni yɛ waale ba kpɛ wa kpɛrɛ nɔŋ nɛ ba be continent so. Nɛ kpɛgɛɛrɛ a kpɛ Africa zaa yɛ one bɛkpɔgɔ ba yɛ zaŋ kpɛ wa ni ba yɛ African pɔge zaa nɛ world so kpɛ waale.<ref name=":0" /> Ka Pan-Africanism goal yɛ kpɛ zaa, '''Africa bɛ zɔ la power''', ni sa power bɛ kpɛrɛ ka world be kpɛ change la wɔ way be ba tɔ la resources. Sa kpɛrɛ bɛ kpɛgɛɛrɛ psychological energy kpɛre kpɛ, ni bɛ kpɛ la strong political action... sa bɛ da kpɛ la power structures nɛ Americas ni kpɛgɛɛrɛ zaa wɔ world.<ref name=":1" /> Pɔge be yɛ Pan-Africanism kpɛgɛɛrɛ – yɛle ba “pan-Africans” anaa “pan-Africanists” – yɛ la kpɛ socialism principles, ni ba yɛle ka '''foreign governments''' anaa '''external influence''' wɔ Africa so yɛ da kpɛrɛ la. Nɛyɛlɛ, pɔge be kpɛ criticise Pan-Africanism, ba yɛle ka sa kpɛmaa-yɛlɛ yɛ kpɛ sɛrɛ kpɛ be zaa African pɔge yɛ la same experience. Ba kpɛ zaa kpɛgɛɛrɛ ka sa kpɛgɛɛrɛ yɛle nyɛ kpɛ rɛconciliation nɛ divisions be yɛ wɔ countries nɛ continent so ni within diaspora communities.<ref name=":1" /> == Sommo Yizie == pyt8eny8fibtx9xw9lxyalwharmkc1a