Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbe Le Vevie (Black Lives Matter)

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    <title>Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbe Le Vevie (Black Lives Matter)</title>
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      <text bytes="27179" sha1="3munvnwtrnchsrh59f41tplxvuqx02x" xml:space="preserve">Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ('''Black Lives Matter''') nye habɔbɔ si keke ta si di be yeaɖe alesi Ameyibɔwo kpɔa ameƒomevinyenye kple nuwɔwɔ madzɔmadzɔe la afia. &lt;ref&gt;Smith, Robert (2021). &quot;Black Lives Matter&quot;. ''Encyclopedia of African-American Politics, Third Edition''. New York: Facts on File. pp. 122–126. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-9939-9|ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-1-4381-9939-9&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt;Eƒonɛ ɖe ameƒomevinyenye ƒe vovototodedeameme hã nu, si fia be woawɔ avu kple ameƒomevinyenye veviedodotɔe.

kpovitɔwo ƒe nuvevi wɔwɔ Ameyibɔwo kple ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ɖe Ameyibɔwo ŋu le woƒe ameƒomevinyenye ta koŋ ŋue habɔbɔa ku ɖo. BLM dze egɔme elabena wowu amewo abe Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown, Eric Garner, kple Rekia Boyd ene.

Zi geɖe la, ƒuƒoƒo siwo do ƒome kple BLM biaa se yeyewo be woakpe ɖe Ameyibɔwo ŋu woavo eye woana ʋɔnudrɔ̃ɖoɖoa nanyo ɖe edzi.

Togbɔ be ƒuƒoƒo aɖewo koŋ li siwo ŋkɔe nye &quot;Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie&quot; hã la, kplɔla ɖeka koe kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe habɔbɔa ŋutɔ dzi o. Enye akpa vovovo geɖewo ƒe kadodo. Nyagbɔgblɔ si nye &quot;Black Lives Matter&quot; menye ame aɖeke tɔ o.

Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie (BLM) habɔbɔa dze egɔme le ƒe 2013. Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, kple Ayọ Tometi ye dze egɔme. Wowɔ hashtag #BlackLivesMatter le hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒewo esi woɖe asi le George Zimmerman ŋu le tudada Trayvon Martin, si nye Afrika-Amerika ƒewuivi aɖe si wòku me vɔ megbe.

BLM xɔ dukɔa ƒe susu le ƒe 2014 me to ablɔdzi tsitretsiɖeŋuwo me. Ðeɖefia siawo kplɔ Afrika-Amerikatɔ eve bubuwo ƒe ku ɖo: Michael Brown le Ferguson, Missouri (si na ame geɖe tsi tre ɖe eŋu), kple Eric Garner le New York City. Tso esime Ferguson tsi tre ɖe eŋu la, BLM ƒe ʋiʋlilawo yi edzi le tsitre tsim ɖe Afrika-Amerikatɔ bubu geɖe ƒe ku ŋu le kpovitɔwo ƒe nuwɔnawo me alo esime wonɔ kpovitɔwo ƒe gaxɔ me. Le ƒe 2015 ƒe dzomeŋɔli la, BLM ƒe ʋiʋlilawo hã va ƒo wo ɖokui ɖe ƒe 2016 U.S. dukplɔla ƒe tiatia me.&lt;ref name=eligon&gt;{{cite web |last=Eligon |first=John |date=November 18, 2015 |title=One Slogan, Many Methods: Black Lives Matter Enters Politics |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/19/us/one-slogan-many-methods-black-lives-matter-enters-politics.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=December 18, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dukɔwo ƒe susu va nɔ habɔbɔ sia ŋu le ƒe 2020. Esia tso xexeame katã ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋu siwo kplɔ George Floyd si Minneapolis kpovitɔ Derek Chauvin wuwu ɖo gbɔ. Wobu akɔnta be ame miliɔn 15 va ɖo 26 ye kpɔ gome le BLM ƒe ʋiʋliwo me le United States, si wɔe be wònye tsitretsiɖeŋuha gãtɔ kekeake siwo wowɔ le dukɔa ƒe ŋutinya me la dometɔ ɖeka. Togbɔ be tsitretsiɖeŋula aɖewo gblɔ be BLM ƒe wɔwɔfiawo nye ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ hã la, wo dometɔ akpa gãtɔ nye ŋutifafa.

Kpekpeɖeŋunana Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie la trɔ le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe, vevietɔ le Amerikatɔ yevuwo dome. Le ƒe 2020 me la, U.S. ame tsitsi 67% da asi ɖe habɔbɔa dzi, gake xexlẽme sia ɖiɖi va ɖo 51% le ƒe 2023. Gake kpekpeɖeŋu si le ameyibɔwo dome la gakpɔtɔ sẽ ŋu. Le ƒe 2023 me la, Afrika Amerikatɔwo ƒe 81%, Hispaniatɔwo ƒe 61%, kple Asia Amerikatɔwo ƒe 63% ɖee fia be yewole megbe na BLM.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last1=Buchanan |first1=Larry |last2=Bui |first2=Quoctrung |last3=Patel |first3=Jugal K. |date=July 3, 2020 |title=Black Lives Matter May Be the Largest Movement in U.S. History |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/07/03/us/george-floyd-protests-crowd-size.html|access-date=July 3, 2020 |issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite being characterized by opponents as violent, the overwhelming majority of BLM demonstrations have been peaceful.&lt;ref&gt;Sources:

* {{cite news|last1=Udoma|first1=Ebong|title=UConn Study: At Least 96% of Black Lives Matter Protests Were Peaceful|url=https://www.wshu.org/news/2020-10-19/uconn-study-at-least-96-of-black-lives-matter-protests-were-peaceful|date=October 19, 2020|publisher=WSHU-FM}}
* {{cite news|title=This summer's Black Lives Matter protesters were overwhelmingly peaceful, our research finds|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/10/16/this-summers-black-lives-matter-protesters-were-overwhelming-peaceful-our-research-finds/|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=October 16, 2020|author1=Erica Chenoweth|author2=Jeremy Pressman}}
* {{cite news|title='A fanciful reality': Trump claims Black Lives Matter protests are violent, but the majority are peaceful|url=https://www.usatoday.com/in-depth/news/nation/2020/10/24/trump-claims-blm-protests-violent-but-majority-peaceful/3640564001/|work=USA Today|date=October 24, 2020|author1=Grace Hauck|author2=Trevor Hughes|author3=Omar Abdel-Baqui|author4=Ricardo Torres|author5=Hayes Gardner}}
* {{cite news|last1=Watson|first1=Julie|title=Comparison between Capitol siege, BLM protests is denounced|url=https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-capitol-siege-race-and-ethnicity-violence-racial-injustice-afd7dc2165f355a3e6dc4e9418019eb5|publisher=Associated Press|date=January 14, 2021}}
* {{cite news|last1=Corley|first1=Cheryl|title=Black Lives Matter Fights Disinformation To Keep The Movement Strong|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/05/25/999841030/black-lives-matter-fights-disinformation-to-keep-the-movement-strong|publisher=National Public Radio|date=May 25, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== BLM Dɔwɔɖoɖo Kple Ðoɖowɔwɔ ==

=== Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbe Le Vevie: Habɔbɔ, Kple Nyagbɔgblɔ ===
Gɔmesese vovovowo le nyagbɔgblɔ &quot;Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie&quot; ŋu. Ate ŋu afia hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒe ƒe hashtag, nyagbɔgblɔ, hadomehabɔbɔ si keke ta, dunyahehe me afɔɖeɖe ƒe kɔmiti, alo ƒuƒoƒo siwo le dɔ wɔm ɖe ameƒomevinyenye ƒe dzɔdzɔenyenye ta ƒe ƒuƒoƒo.

Abe habɔbɔ ene la, Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie nye ame siwo le gbe me eye wole ɖoɖo nu. Esia fia be eƒe susu nɔa nutoa me ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ŋu tsɔ wu be dukɔa ƒe ŋgɔnɔla ɖeka nanɔ esi. Dɔwɔɖoɖo sia to vovo na Ameyibɔwo ƒe habɔbɔ siwo nɔ anyi do ŋgɔ, abe Dukɔmeviwo ƒe Gomenɔamesiwo Ŋuti Habɔbɔ si nɔ anyi le ƒe 1950 kple 60 ƒeawo me ene. Dɔwɔla DeRay McKesson de dzesii be amesiame si da asi ɖe nukpɔsusu si nye be Ameyibɔwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ le vevie dzi le dutoƒo eye wòtsɔa woƒe ɣeyiɣi ɖoa eŋu la hã le habɔbɔa me.&lt;ref name=&quot;tags_BLM&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Freelon |first1=Deen |last2=McIlwain |first2=Charlton D. |last3=Clark |first3=Meredith D. |title=Beyond the Hashtags |url=http://cmsimpact.org/resource/beyond-hashtags-ferguson-blacklivesmatter-online-struggle-offline-justice/ |date=February 29, 2016 |publisher=Center for Media and Social Impact |type=PDF |page=9 |access-date=December 18, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le ƒe 2013 me la, Patrisse Cullors, Alicia Garza, kple Ayọ Tometi ɖo Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ƒe Habɔbɔ. Garza ɖe eme be network sia nye internet dzi mɔnu aɖe si dzi woato ana gɔmeɖose kple taɖodzinu siwo wozãna ɖekae la ʋiʋlilawo. Wokpɔ mɔ be Local Black Lives Matter ƒe tawo nawɔ ɖe mɔfiame siawo dzi gake woawɔ dɔ le wo ɖokui si. Womekpɔa titina ƒe ɖoɖo alo ɖoƒe si woɖo ɖe ɖoɖo nu o. Garza gblɔ be Network la metsɔ ɖeke le &quot;kpovitɔwo ƒe amesiwo nye habɔbɔa me tɔ kple amesiwo menye habɔbɔa ƒe akpa aɖeke o&quot; me o. Le ƒe 2021 me la, ta siwo ade 40 ye nɔ United States kple Canada katã.

Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Vevie ƒe ɖoɖo si wowɔna le teƒe vovovowo la he tɔtɔ vɛ ɣeaɖewoɣi. Zi geɖe la, wogblɔna vodadatɔe be nuwɔna alo nya siwo ta ɖekaɖekawo alo amewo gblɔ la tso &quot;Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie&quot; habɔbɔ bliboa gbɔ. Abe alesi Matt Pearce si le Los Angeles Times gblɔe ene la, &quot;nyaawo ate ŋu anye dunyahehe me ɣlidodo si wotsɔ ƒoa ƒui alo wole nu ƒom tso habɔbɔ si le ʋiʋlilawo ŋu. Alo ate ŋu anye ŋkɔ si wozãna le mɔ si me kɔ o si wozãna tsɔ ɖɔa tsitretsiɖeŋu kple dzeɖoɖo vovovo siwo ku ɖe ameƒomevi vovovowo ƒe tasɔsɔmasɔ ŋu.&quot; Togbɔ be ele alea hã la, zi ɖeka ya teti la, ame aɖe si woɖe fia be enye BLM Global Network ƒe Dɔdzikpɔlagã ɖe gbeƒã nya aɖe le se nu ɖe ​​habɔbɔ ma teƒe.

=== Ʋuʋu si keke ta wu ===
Le ƒe 2015 me la, Johnetta Elzie, DeRay Mckesson, Brittany Packnett, kple Samuel Sinyangwe dze Dɔwɔha Zero gɔme. Afɔɖeɖe sia ku ɖe asitɔtrɔ le ɖoɖowo ŋu be woatsɔ atɔ te kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ŋu. Campaign Zero ɖe ɖoɖo si me nya ewo le ɖe go hena kpovitɔwo ƒe ɖɔɖɔɖo. Woƒe aɖaŋuɖoɖowo dometɔ aɖewoe nye:

* &quot;Fesre gbagbãwo&quot; kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ (aɖaŋu si woɖo taɖodzinu na agɔdzedze suewo) nuwuwu.
* Nutoa me tɔwo ƒe ŋkuléle ɖe kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔƒewo ŋu ƒe dzidziɖedzi.
* Se sesẽwo toto vɛ na alesi kpovitɔwo zãa ŋusẽe.

Gake aʋawɔla aɖewo, abe alesi John Eligon si le The New York Times ka nya tae ene, tsi dzi be Campaign Zero ƒe susu nɔ sewo ŋu akpa be woatsɔ akpɔ kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ gbɔe.

Le kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ɖeɖeko megbe la, Black Lives Matter habɔbɔa doa alɔ nu bubuwo hã. Esiawo dometɔ aɖewoe nye LGBTQ+ ƒe ʋiʋli, nyɔnuwo ƒe nyaʋiʋli, amedzrowo ƒe ɖɔɖɔɖo, kple ganyawo ƒe dzɔdzɔenyenye.

'''Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie Taʋliha'''

The Movement for Black Lives (Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Ŋuti Habɔbɔ, M4BL) nye habɔbɔ gã aɖe si me habɔbɔ siwo wu 50 le siwo wɔa dɔ tsɔ doa alɔ Ameyibɔwo ƒe nuto siwo le United States katã. Ame vevi siwo le eme dometɔ aɖewoe nye Black Lives Matter Network, Dukɔa ƒe Ameyibɔ Senyalawo ƒe Takpekpe, kple Ella Baker Amegbetɔ ƒe Gomenɔamesiwo Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe. Ƒuƒoƒowo abe Color of Change kple PolicyLink hã da megbe na M4BL, si xɔa kadodo kple aɖaŋuɖoɖo ƒe kpekpeɖeŋu tso habɔbɔ aɖe si woyɔna be Blackbird gbɔ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Ransby|first=Barbara|date=October 21, 2017|title=Opinion {{!}} Black Lives Matter Is Democracy in Action|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/21/opinion/sunday/black-lives-matter-leadership.html|access-date=April 25, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le George Floyd wuwu megbe la, M4BL to BREATHE Act vɛ. Se sia si wodo ɖa la bia be woawɔ tɔtrɔ gãwo le kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye ga xɔdzo le kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔƒewo eye woatsɔe ade nutoa me nunɔamesiwo me tẽ kple mɔ yeye siwo dzi woato awɔ nu ɖe ​​nɔnɔme kpatawo ŋu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |agency=Associated Press|date=July 7, 2020|title=Movement for Black Lives Seeks Sweeping Legislative Changes|work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/07/07/us/ap-us-black-lives-matter-legislation.html|access-date=July 8, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Byrd|first=Jessica|title=The Genius of Resilience: Toward a New, Black National Convention|url=https://www.theroot.com/the-genius-of-resilience-toward-a-new-black-national-1844367817|access-date=July 18, 2020|website=The Root|date=July 14, 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

M4BL hã ʋlia:

* Decarceration: Ame siwo le gaxɔ me ƒe xexlẽme dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ.
* Teƒeɖoɖo: Nusiwo kluvinyenye kple nuwɔna madzɔmadzɔwo abe fli dzĩwo tsɔtsɔ ɖo aƒewo me ene gblẽ va yi gbɔ kpɔkpɔ.
* Ame gbogbowo ƒe ŋkuléle ɖe ame ŋu nu nuwuwu.
* Gadede dukɔa ƒe hehenana me ɖe gaxɔwo teƒe.
* Nutoa me tɔwo ƒe kpovitɔwo dzi ɖuɖu: Ŋusẽ nana nutoa me tɔwo be woaxɔ kpovitɔwo ɖe dɔ me, aɖe wo le dɔ me, eye woahe to na wo, woayɔ kpovitɔwo, eye woakpɔ kpovitɔwo ƒe gakpekpeɖeŋu dzi.

M4BL do go zi gbãtɔ le July 24, 2015 dzi, le Cleveland Dukɔa ƒe Yunivɛsiti. Ame siwo ade 1,500 va ɖo 2,000 ye ƒo ƒu be yewoadzro alesi woawɔ abia akɔnta sedzikpɔlawo le dukɔa me godoo me. Takpekpe sia na woɖo hadomehabɔbɔ si lolo wu sã. Kaka July 26 naɖo la, M4BL dze agbagbadzedze si xɔ ƒe ɖeka be yeaƒo nutoa me kple dukɔa ƒe ƒuƒoƒowo nu ƒu be woaɖo &quot;United Front&quot; gɔme. Agbagbadzedze sia na woɖo taɖodzinuwo, nudidiwo, kple ɖoɖo siwo me kɔ siwo ƒe taɖodzinue nye be woakpɔ &quot;ablɔɖe&quot; gbɔ na Ameyibɔwo ƒe nutoawo le Amerika katã.

Le ƒe 2016 me la, Ford Foundation ɖe gbeƒã ƒe ade ƒe ɖoɖo si wowɔ be woatsɔ akpɔ ga na M4BL, awɔ ɖeka kple ame bubuwo atsɔ awɔ Habɔbɔ si Ameyibɔwo kplɔna. Washington Times ka nya ta be Ford Foundation kple nunala bubuwo tsɔ dɔlar miliɔn 100 na M4BL le ƒe 2016 me (si ƒe home ade dɔlar miliɔn 131 le ƒe 2024 me). Wogblɔ be Open Society Foundations hã tsɔ dɔlar miliɔn 33 (si ade dɔlar miliɔn 43 egbea) na M4BL.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=August 2, 2016 |title=Slavery reparations sought in first Black Lives Matter agenda |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-politics-race-idUSKCN10C3E1|access-date=June 3, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 1, 2016 |title=Black Lives Matter Releases Policy Demands, Includes Reparations And Abolishing The Death Penalty |url=https://populardemocracy.org/news-and-publications/black-lives-matter-releases-policy-demands-includes-reparations-and-abolishing|access-date=June 3, 2020 |website=The Center for Popular Democracy}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Gakpekpeɖeŋunana'''

Le ƒe 2015 me la, Politico ka nya ta be Democracy Alliance, si nye Democratic Party ƒe nunala ƒe ƒuƒoƒo aɖe, ɖoe be yewoado go kple habɔbɔ siwo doa alɔ Black Lives Matter habɔbɔa ƒe ŋgɔnɔlawo. Solidaire, si nye nunala ƒe ƒuƒoƒo si ƒe susu nɔ &quot;habɔbɔ tutuɖo&quot; ŋu eye Leah Hunt-Hendrix (amesi hã nye Demokrasi Nubabla ƒe akpa aɖe) nɔ ŋgɔ na, ​​tsɔ ga si wu dɔlar 200,000 na Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie habɔbɔa xoxo kaka ƒe ma naɖo.

The Economist ka nya ta be le May kple December 2020 dome la, nudzɔdzɔ siwo wowɔ na nusiwo ku ɖe Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ŋu la ƒe ƒuƒoƒo si wobu be enye dɔlar biliɔn 10.6 (anɔ abe dɔlar biliɔn 13 ene le ƒe 2024 me).

Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation, si nye habɔbɔ vevi aɖe si wɔa ɖoɖo ɖe agbagbadzedzewo ŋu le dukɔa me godoo, ɖe gbeƒãe be yewofɔ dɔlar miliɔn 90 le ƒe 2020 me (anɔ abe dɔlar miliɔn 109 ene le ƒe 2024 me). Esia ƒe akpa gã aɖe tso ame ɖekaɖekawo ƒe nudzɔdzɔwo le Internet dzi me, eye nudzɔdzɔ si wodzɔna le mama dedie nu nye dɔlar 30.76 (anɔ abe dɔlar 37.37 ene egbea).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=April 20, 2021|title=AP Exclusive: Black Lives Matter opens up about its finances|url=https://apnews.com/article/black-lives-matter-90-million-finances-8a80cad199f54c0c4b9e74283d27366f|access-date=May 26, 2021|website=AP NEWS}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=2020 Impact Report - Black Lives Matter|work=Black Lives Matter|url=https://blacklivesmatter.com/2020-impact-report/|access-date=May 26, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Aɖaŋu kple aɖaŋu siwo wozãna'''

Le gɔmedzedzea me la, Black Lives Matter ɖo ame geɖe gbɔ kaba to hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒewo zazã me, vevietɔ to hashtags dzi. Le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe la, habɔbɔa va zã tsitretsiɖeŋumɔnu vovovowo.

Black Lives Matter ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋu akpa gãtɔ nye ŋutifafatɔe. Ne ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ dzɔ nyateƒe la, zi geɖe la, amewo ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋu ɖe habɔbɔa ŋu gbɔe wòtsona. Togbɔ be ele alea hã la, amesiwo tsi tre ɖe Black Lives Matter ŋu ​​dzea agbagba enuenu be yewoana habɔbɔa nadze abe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ene.

'''Internet kple hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒewo'''

Hashtag #BlackLivesMatter va zu dɔwɔnu sẽŋu aɖe na habɔbɔa kabakaba.

Le ƒe 2014 me la:

* Amerikatɔwo ƒe Gbegbɔgblɔ Habɔbɔ tia #BlackLivesMatter be wòanye yewoƒe nya si wozãna le ƒea me.
* Ɛ̃! Magazine yɔe be hashtag wuieve siwo trɔ xexeame la dometɔ ɖeka.

Hashtag la zazã va do gã ɖe edzi le hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒewo:

* Tso July 2013 va ɖo May 2018 la, woŋlɔ #BlackLivesMatter ɖe Twitter dzi zi gbɔ zi miliɔn 30 kple edzivɔ, eye woŋlɔe ɖe Twitter dzi zi gbɔ zi 17,002 gbesiagbe le mamã dedie nu.
* Kaka June 10, 2020 naɖo la, woɖoe ɖe Twitter dzi abe zi miliɔn 47.8 ene.
* Ɣeyiɣi si wozãe wue nye July 7 kple 17, 2016 dome, eye ame 500,000 kloe ye ŋlɔa nyatakakawo ɖe Twitter dzi gbesiagbe. Le ɣeyiɣi sia me la, tweet siwo zãa &quot;#BlueLivesMatter&quot; kple &quot;#AllLivesMatter&quot; hã dzi ɖe edzi.
* Le May 28, 2020 dzi la, hashtag la kpɔ tweet miliɔn 8.8 kloe, eye gbesiagbe ƒe mamã dedie dzi ɖe edzi va ɖo miliɔn 3.7.

Gake tudada Dallas kpovitɔwo le ƒe 2016 me na be amewo bu nukpɔsusu gbegblẽ geɖe wu le habɔbɔa ŋu le Internet dzi. Le wɔna sia megbe la, #BlackLivesMatter ƒe tweet 39% ɖe tsitretsitsi ɖe habɔbɔa ŋu fia, eye ame geɖe do ƒome kple ƒuƒoƒoa kple ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ eye woyɔ wo gɔ̃ hã be ŋɔdzidonamelawo.

Khadijah White, si nye nufialagã le Rutgers Yunivɛsiti, xɔe se be BLM he aʋawɔwɔ ƒe ƒutsotsoe yeye aɖe vɛ le Ameyibɔ yunivɛsiti sukuviwo dome. Alesi wòle bɔbɔe be woalé kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ƒe video siwo me woɖea nɔnɔmetatawo le ɖe mɔ̃ dzi ahama wo ɖe hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒewo la na amewo va le ŋgɔ yim le xexeame katã. Hashtag sia zazã le afisiafi hã he dunyahela siwo le ɖoƒe kɔkɔwo ƒe susu, eye ɣeaɖewoɣi la, ena wodoa alɔ habɔbɔa.

Le June 2020 me la, wowɔ WikiProject ɖe Wikipedia dzi koŋ be woatsɔ aƒo nu tso Black Lives Matter habɔbɔa ŋu.

Le ƒe 2020 me la, dɔwɔnu si nye TikTok zãlawo de dzesii be edze abe nya siwo woŋlɔ tso BLM alo kpovitɔwo ƒe Ameyibɔwo wuwu nyitsɔ laa ŋu ɣla ene, si nye nuwɔna si woyɔna be &quot;shadow banning (vɔvɔli ƒe mɔxexeɖedɔ).&quot; Emegbe TikTok ɖe kuku, eye wòbu fɔ nyaa ɖe mɔ̃ɖaŋukuxi aɖe ta.

=== Dunyahehe me Afɔɖeɖe ===

Zi geɖe la, Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie (BLM) habɔbɔa zãa afɔɖeɖe tẽ abe tsitretsiɖeŋu kple kpekpewo ene tsɔ naa amewo dzea ŋgɔ ameƒomevinyenye ƒe madzɔmadzɔnyenye ƒe nyawo. Woƒe taɖodzinue nye be yewoahe vevesese si sɔ gbɔ ale gbegbe be womate ŋu aŋe aɖaba aƒu nya siawo dzi o. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, BLM wɔ &quot;die-ins&quot; gɔ̃ hã, afisi gomekpɔlawo wɔa abe ɖe woku ene, abe esi wowɔ le ƒe 2015 Twin Cities Marathon me ene. 

Le woƒe wɔwɔfiawo me la, BLM zãa nya sẽŋu vovovowo tsɔ gblɔa woƒe gbedasia. Esiawo dometɔ aɖewoe nye &quot;Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie,&quot; tsɔ kpe ɖe nyagbewo abe &quot;Asiwo yi dzi, mègada tu o&quot; (si nye nya si wogblɔ tso Michael Brown ŋu, togbɔ be woʋli nya le eƒe nyateƒetoto ŋu emegbe hã), &quot;Nyemate ŋu agbɔ ya o&quot; (si ƒo nu tso Eric Garner kple emegbe George Floyd ŋu), &quot;Yevuwo ƒe ɖoɖoezizi nye ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ,&quot; &quot;Dzɔdzɔenyenye aɖeke meli o, ŋutifafa aɖeke meli o,&quot; kple &quot;Ðe vinyea kplɔe ɖo?&quot; 

Numekuku aɖe si wowɔ le ƒe 2018 me ɖee fia be Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋuwo dzɔna le teƒe siwo kpovitɔwo wu Ameyibɔ geɖe wu, si ɖee fia be kadodo si dze ƒã le kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ƒe nudzɔdzɔ siwo dzɔna le nutoa me kple habɔbɔa ƒe dɔwɔnawo dome.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Williamson |first1=Vanessa |last2=Trump |first2=Kris-Stella |last3=Einstein |first3=Katherine Levine |year=2018 |title=Black Lives Matter: Evidence that Police-Caused Deaths Predict Protest Activity |journal=Perspectives on Politics |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=400–415 |doi=10.1017/S1537592717004273 |issn=1537-5927|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nyadzɔdzɔgblɔmɔnuwo, hadzidzi kple dekɔnuwo ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi bubuwo ===
Tso esime wòdze egɔme le ƒe 2013 me kple hashtag #BlackLivesMatter la, woɖea habɔbɔa fiana eye woƒoa nu tso eŋu le nyadzɔdzɔgblɔmɔnu geɖewo abe sinimawo, hadzidziwo, TV dzi wɔnawo, agbalẽwo, kple aɖaŋudɔwo me. Nyadzɔdzɔdɔwɔƒe geɖe hã le nyatakaka siwo ku ɖe ameƒomevinyenye ƒe madzɔmadzɔnyenye kple Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ƒe habɔbɔa ŋu la mam. Le nyateƒe me la, agbalẽ siwo wota, agbalẽwo, kple television dzi wɔna siwo ku ɖe nyati siawo ŋu va xɔ ŋkɔ ŋutɔ le ƒe 2020. Wozã hawo abe Michael Jackson ƒe &quot;They Don't Care About Us&quot; kple Kendrick Lamar ƒe &quot;Alright&quot; gɔ̃ hã geɖe tsɔ de dzo amewo me le tsitretsiɖeŋunyawo me.

Woɖe ʋuʋua fia le sinima aɖewo koŋ me hã. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, nuŋlɔɖi kpui si nye &quot;Bars4Justice&quot; la lɔ ʋiʋlilawo kple nutala siwo do ƒome kple Black Lives Matter ɖe eme eye wotiae gɔ̃ hã na Ƒe Sia Ƒe ƒe Pan Afrika Sinimawɔƒe ƒe Ŋkekenyui 24 lia. Sinima bubu si nye &quot;Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement,&quot; nye ƒe 2016 ƒe TV dzi nuŋlɔɖi si me Jesse Williams nye akpa vevi aɖe le si ƒo nu tso habɔbɔa ŋu.

Le sinimawo godo la, wova de dzesi Black Lives Matter le nyadzɔdzɔgblɔmɔ̃ bubuwo me. Essence magazine ƒe February 2015 ƒe tata tsɔ eƒe akpa dzi kple emenyawo na habɔbɔa. Azɔ hã, le December 2015 me la, BLM nye hoʋlila sesẽ aɖe na Time magazine ƒe Ƒea ƒe Ame Nyuitɔ ƒe kafukafu, eye wòxɔ nɔƒe enelia le ame enyi siwo di be yewoaxɔ ɖoƒea dome.

Le United States  la, du geɖe ɖee fia be yewole megbe na Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie to gli gã siwo nye &quot;Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie&quot; tata ɖe woƒe ablɔwo dzi tẽ. Àte ŋu akpɔ nukpɔkpɔ sẽŋu siawo le teƒewo abe Washington, D.C., Dallas, Denver, Charlotte, Seattle, Brooklyn, Los Angeles, kple Birmingham, Alabama ene.

Le nudzɔdzɔ ɖedzesi aɖe si dzɔ le May 9, 2016 dzi me la, Delrish Moss va zu Afrika Amerika kpovitɔwo ƒe amegã gbãtɔ le Ferguson, Missouri. Ekpɔe dze sii be dɔ geɖe le ye ŋgɔ, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye be yeana kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔƒea nanye ame vovovowo, yeana ƒomedodo nyuiwo tutuɖo kple nutoa me tɔwo, eye yeakpɔ kuxi siwo tututu na Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie habɔbɔa dze egɔme le gɔmedzedzea me la gbɔ.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2016/05/09/us/ap-us-killings-by-police-ferguson-the-latest.html New Ferguson Police Chief Sworn In], ''The New York Times'', May 9, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nutsotso siwo nye be kpovitɔwo zã ŋusẽ si gbɔ eme ===
Numekuku geɖe ku ɖe alesi ameƒomevi vovovowo wɔa nu kple kpovitɔwo kple zi nenie wozãa ŋusẽ ŋu.

Tso ƒe 2002 va ɖo ƒe 2011 me la, numekuku aɖe si Bureau of Justice Statistics wɔ ɖee fia be Ameyibɔwo (2.8%) xɔe se wu Yevuwo (1.0%) kple Hispaniatɔwo (1.4%) be kpovitɔwo zã ŋusẽ si mewu ame o fũ akpa.

The Washington Post gblɔ be kpovitɔwo le United States da tu ame 1,001 hewu wo le ƒe 2019. Ame siwo wowu la dometɔ siwo ade afã nye Yevuwo, eye wo dometɔ enelia nye Ameyibɔwo. Esia fia be le Amerikatɔ Ameyibɔ miliɔn ɖesiaɖe me la, kpovitɔwo ƒe tudada wu ame 31, si wu Amerikatɔ Yevuwo ƒe teƒe eve (13 le miliɔn ɖesiaɖe me). Washington Post hã ka nya ta be kpovitɔwo da tu Amerikatɔ Ameyibɔ 13 siwo metsɔ tu o hewu wo le ƒe 2019 me.

Numekuku aɖe si Cody Ross wɔ le ƒe 2015 me le UC Davis ɖee fia be vovototo gã aɖe le kpovitɔwo ƒe Amerikatɔ Ameyibɔ siwo metsɔ tu o wuwu me ne wotsɔe sɔ kple Amerikatɔ Yevu siwo metsɔ tu o. Numekuku sia ɖee fia be kpovitɔwo da tu Ameyibɔ siwo metsɔ tu o zi gbɔ zi 3.49 wu Yevu siwo metsɔ tu o, eye le nuto aɖewo me la, afɔku sia ate ŋu asɔ gbɔ wu zi gbɔ zi 20 sɔŋ. Numekukua de dzesii hã be woda tu Ameyibɔ siwo tsɔ tu ɖe asi zi gbɔ zi 2.79 wu Ameyibɔ siwo metsɔ tu o. Vevietɔ la, numekuku sia ƒo nya ta be womate ŋu atsɔ vovototo si le nutoa me nuvlowɔwɔ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ me aɖe ameƒomevinyenye ƒe akpaɖekedzimademade le kpovitɔwo ƒe tudada me si wokpɔ le nutoa me la me o.

Gake numekuku siwo wowɔ tso nya sia ŋu ate ŋu ato vovo. Numekuku aɖe si Cesario kple exɔlɔ̃wo wɔ le ƒe 2019 me. do susua ɖa be esi wobu nuvlowɔwɔ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ŋu vɔ la, kpeɖodzi si me kɔ aɖeke meli si fia be vovototo le ameyibɔwo dome le kpovitɔwo ƒe tudada siwo wua ame me o, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye esiwo ku ɖe dumevi siwo metsɔ tu o alo amenyenye vodadatɔe ŋu o. Gake, ƒe 2020 me numekuku aɖe si Cody Ross et al. melɔ̃ ɖe alesi Cesario et al. numekukua ku eƒe nyatakakawo me. Esi Ross et al. ƒo nya ta be ameƒomevinyenye ƒe akpaɖekedzimademade ɖedzesi aɖe li vavã ne kpovitɔwo da tu Ameyibɔ siwo ŋu wole ɖi kem le siwo metsɔ tu o, gake womekpɔa akpaɖekedzimademade sia ne ame siwo ŋu wole ɖi kem le la tsɔ tu o.

[[File:Police killings in the USA in 2018.svg|thumb|250px|right|Map depicting rates of police killings by state in the United States in 2018]]
Numekuku aɖe si Harvard gaŋutinunyala Roland Fryer wɔ la lé ŋku ɖe kpovitɔwo ƒe gododo ŋu eye wòkpɔe be Ameyibɔ kple Hispaniatɔ ɖekaɖekawo ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ si mewu ame o tso kpovitɔwo gbɔ 50% wu. Gake le kpovitɔwo ƒe tudada si he ku vɛ gome la, mekpɔ ameƒomevinyenye ƒe vovototo aɖeke le nu bubu vovovowo ŋu bubu vɔ megbe o.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fryer |first=Roland |title=An Empirical Analysis of Racial Differences in Police Use of Force |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/fryer/publications/empirical-analysis-racial-differences-police-use-force |journal=Journal of Political Economy }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le vovo me la, ƒe 2019 ƒe numekuku aɖe si wota ɖe PNAS me ƒo nya ta le gɔmedzedzea me be le nyateƒe me la, kpovitɔwo mewu Ameyibɔwo boo o wu Yevuwo, le alesi ameyibɔwo kuna le kpovitɔwo ƒe gododowo me nu. Gake agbalẽa ŋlɔlawo he agbalẽ sia ɖe megbe emegbe. Woɖe eme be togbɔ be yewoƒe nyatakakawo kple mɔnuwo nyo na ŋkuléle ɖe alesi kpovitɔ aɖe ƒe nɔnɔme do ƒome kple ameƒomevi si woda tu hewui ŋu hã la, yewoƒe numekukua menyo ale gbegbe be woatsɔ aɖo eŋu ŋutɔŋutɔ nenye be ameƒomevinyenye ƒe akpaɖekedzimademade le mɔnukpɔkpɔ si li be kpovitɔwo nada tu ame aɖe wòaku, alo le kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me le goawo katã me o. Wogblɔ be wozã yewoƒe dɔa tsɔ da asi ɖe susu si nye be ameŋkumenuwɔwɔ mawo tɔgbe aɖeke meli o dzi, si menye nusi yewoƒe numekukua ɖo kpe edzi ŋutɔŋutɔ o.

Numekuku bubu ɖee fia be nyataƒoƒo aɖewo siwo woƒo do ŋgɔ ku ɖe kpovitɔwo ƒe amewuwu ŋu la flua ame le nane si woyɔna be Simpson ƒe nya si tsi tre ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu ta. Esia fia be togbɔ be adze abe ɖe wowua Yevuwo zi geɖe le kpovitɔwo ƒe gododowo me ene hã la, numekukua ʋli nya be Ameyibɔwo gakpɔtɔ le vovototodedeameme me tom elabena kadodo geɖe wu nɔ wo kple kpovitɔwo dome le gɔmedzedzea me, zi geɖe la, esia tsoa ɖoɖowɔɖi ƒe nya siwo kaka ta. Wotɔa wo enuenu le nuvlowɔwɔ suewo alo nuvlowɔwɔ aɖeke kura gɔ̃ hã ta. To vovo na ema la, Yevuwo mewɔa nu kple kpovitɔwo zi geɖe o, eye ne wowɔe la, zi geɖe la, enyea nuvlowɔwɔ siwo nu sẽ wu, abe tudada ene, afisi kpovitɔwo zãa ŋusẽ le wu. Numekuku sia ke ɖo kpe nusiwo ŋu numekulawo abe Ross kple Fryer ke ɖo dzi, eye wògblɔ be ŋkuléle ɖe amesiwo kuna ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ bliboa ŋu (si fia be ame agbɔsɔsɔme si kpovitɔwo wu tso ƒuƒoƒo aɖe me le woƒe amewo katã dome) kpena ɖe ame ŋu wu ŋkuléle ɖe amesiwo kuna le kpovitɔwo ƒe gododo me ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme ŋu ko.[[File:Black Lives Matter protest against St. Paul police brutality (21552673186).jpg|thumb|Black Lives Matter protest on September 20, 2015, against police brutality in [[St. Paul, Minnesota]]]]

== Nya siawo tsoƒe ==</text>
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      <text bytes="27167" sha1="47wadwt3wz27qyxocddnvb60q97vsir" xml:space="preserve">Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ('''Black Lives Matter''') nye habɔbɔ si keke ta si di be yeaɖe alesi Ameyibɔwo kpɔa ameƒomevinyenye kple nuwɔwɔ madzɔmadzɔe la afia. &lt;ref&gt;Smith, Robert (2021). &quot;Black Lives Matter&quot;. ''Encyclopedia of African-American Politics, Third Edition''. New York: Facts on File. pp. 122–126. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-9939-9|ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-1-4381-9939-9&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt;Eƒonɛ ɖe ameƒomevinyenye ƒe vovototodedeameme hã nu, si fia be woawɔ avu kple ameƒomevinyenye veviedodotɔe.

kpovitɔwo ƒe nuvevi wɔwɔ Ameyibɔwo kple ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ɖe Ameyibɔwo ŋu le woƒe ameƒomevinyenye ta koŋ ŋue habɔbɔa ku ɖo. BLM dze egɔme elabena wowu amewo abe Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown, Eric Garner, kple Rekia Boyd ene.

Zi geɖe la, ƒuƒoƒo siwo do ƒome kple BLM biaa se yeyewo be woakpe ɖe Ameyibɔwo ŋu woavo eye woana ʋɔnudrɔ̃ɖoɖoa nanyo ɖe edzi.

Togbɔ be ƒuƒoƒo aɖewo koŋ li siwo ŋkɔe nye &quot;Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie&quot; hã la, kplɔla ɖeka koe kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe habɔbɔa ŋutɔ dzi o. Enye akpa vovovo geɖewo ƒe kadodo. Nyagbɔgblɔ si nye &quot;Black Lives Matter&quot; menye ame aɖeke tɔ o.

Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie (BLM) habɔbɔa dze egɔme le ƒe 2013. Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, kple Ayọ Tometi ye dze egɔme. Wowɔ hashtag #BlackLivesMatter le hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒewo esi woɖe asi le George Zimmerman ŋu le tudada Trayvon Martin, si nye Afrika-Amerika ƒewuivi aɖe si wòku me vɔ megbe.

BLM xɔ dukɔa ƒe susu le ƒe 2014 me to ablɔdzi tsitretsiɖeŋuwo me. Ðeɖefia siawo kplɔ Afrika-Amerikatɔ eve bubuwo ƒe ku ɖo: Michael Brown le Ferguson, Missouri (si na ame geɖe tsi tre ɖe eŋu), kple Eric Garner le New York City. Tso esime Ferguson tsi tre ɖe eŋu la, BLM ƒe ʋiʋlilawo yi edzi le tsitre tsim ɖe Afrika-Amerikatɔ bubu geɖe ƒe ku ŋu le kpovitɔwo ƒe nuwɔnawo me alo esime wonɔ kpovitɔwo ƒe gaxɔ me. Le ƒe 2015 ƒe dzomeŋɔli la, BLM ƒe ʋiʋlilawo hã va ƒo wo ɖokui ɖe ƒe 2016 U.S. dukplɔla ƒe tiatia me.&lt;ref name=eligon&gt;{{cite web |last=Eligon |first=John |date=November 18, 2015 |title=One Slogan, Many Methods: Black Lives Matter Enters Politics |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/19/us/one-slogan-many-methods-black-lives-matter-enters-politics.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=December 18, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dukɔwo ƒe susu va nɔ habɔbɔ sia ŋu le ƒe 2020. Esia tso xexeame katã ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋu siwo kplɔ George Floyd si Minneapolis kpovitɔ Derek Chauvin wuwu ɖo gbɔ. Wobu akɔnta be ame miliɔn 15 va ɖo 26 ye kpɔ gome le BLM ƒe ʋiʋliwo me le United States, si wɔe be wònye tsitretsiɖeŋuha gãtɔ kekeake siwo wowɔ le dukɔa ƒe ŋutinya me la dometɔ ɖeka. Togbɔ be tsitretsiɖeŋula aɖewo gblɔ be BLM ƒe wɔwɔfiawo nye ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ hã la, wo dometɔ akpa gãtɔ nye ŋutifafa.

Kpekpeɖeŋunana Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie la trɔ le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe, vevietɔ le Amerikatɔ yevuwo dome. Le ƒe 2020 me la, U.S. ame tsitsi 67% da asi ɖe habɔbɔa dzi, gake xexlẽme sia ɖiɖi va ɖo 51% le ƒe 2023. Gake kpekpeɖeŋu si le ameyibɔwo dome la gakpɔtɔ sẽ ŋu. Le ƒe 2023 me la, Afrika Amerikatɔwo ƒe 81%, Hispaniatɔwo ƒe 61%, kple Asia Amerikatɔwo ƒe 63% ɖee fia be yewole megbe na BLM.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last1=Buchanan |first1=Larry |last2=Bui |first2=Quoctrung |last3=Patel |first3=Jugal K. |date=July 3, 2020 |title=Black Lives Matter May Be the Largest Movement in U.S. History |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/07/03/us/george-floyd-protests-crowd-size.html|access-date=July 3, 2020 |issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite being characterized by opponents as violent, the overwhelming majority of BLM demonstrations have been peaceful.&lt;ref&gt;Sources:

* {{cite news|last1=Udoma|first1=Ebong|title=UConn Study: At Least 96% of Black Lives Matter Protests Were Peaceful|url=https://www.wshu.org/news/2020-10-19/uconn-study-at-least-96-of-black-lives-matter-protests-were-peaceful|date=October 19, 2020|publisher=WSHU-FM}}
* {{cite news|title=This summer's Black Lives Matter protesters were overwhelmingly peaceful, our research finds|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/10/16/this-summers-black-lives-matter-protesters-were-overwhelming-peaceful-our-research-finds/|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=October 16, 2020|author1=Erica Chenoweth|author2=Jeremy Pressman}}
* {{cite news|title='A fanciful reality': Trump claims Black Lives Matter protests are violent, but the majority are peaceful|url=https://www.usatoday.com/in-depth/news/nation/2020/10/24/trump-claims-blm-protests-violent-but-majority-peaceful/3640564001/|work=USA Today|date=October 24, 2020|author1=Grace Hauck|author2=Trevor Hughes|author3=Omar Abdel-Baqui|author4=Ricardo Torres|author5=Hayes Gardner}}
* {{cite news|last1=Watson|first1=Julie|title=Comparison between Capitol siege, BLM protests is denounced|url=https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-capitol-siege-race-and-ethnicity-violence-racial-injustice-afd7dc2165f355a3e6dc4e9418019eb5|publisher=Associated Press|date=January 14, 2021}}
* {{cite news|last1=Corley|first1=Cheryl|title=Black Lives Matter Fights Disinformation To Keep The Movement Strong|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/05/25/999841030/black-lives-matter-fights-disinformation-to-keep-the-movement-strong|publisher=National Public Radio|date=May 25, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== BLM Dɔwɔɖoɖo Kple Ðoɖowɔwɔ ==

=== Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbe Le Vevie: Habɔbɔ, Kple Nyagbɔgblɔ ===
Gɔmesese vovovowo le nyagbɔgblɔ &quot;Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie&quot; ŋu. Ate ŋu afia hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒe ƒe hashtag, nyagbɔgblɔ, hadomehabɔbɔ si keke ta, dunyahehe me afɔɖeɖe ƒe kɔmiti, alo ƒuƒoƒo siwo le dɔ wɔm ɖe ameƒomevinyenye ƒe dzɔdzɔenyenye ta ƒe ƒuƒoƒo.

Abe habɔbɔ ene la, Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie nye ame siwo le gbe me eye wole ɖoɖo nu. Esia fia be eƒe susu nɔa nutoa me ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ŋu tsɔ wu be dukɔa ƒe ŋgɔnɔla ɖeka nanɔ esi. Dɔwɔɖoɖo sia to vovo na Ameyibɔwo ƒe habɔbɔ siwo nɔ anyi do ŋgɔ, abe Dukɔmeviwo ƒe Gomenɔamesiwo Ŋuti Habɔbɔ si nɔ anyi le ƒe 1950 kple 60 ƒeawo me ene. Dɔwɔla DeRay McKesson de dzesii be amesiame si da asi ɖe nukpɔsusu si nye be Ameyibɔwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ le vevie dzi le dutoƒo eye wòtsɔa woƒe ɣeyiɣi ɖoa eŋu la hã le habɔbɔa me.&lt;ref name=&quot;tags_BLM&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Freelon |first1=Deen |last2=McIlwain |first2=Charlton D. |last3=Clark |first3=Meredith D. |title=Beyond the Hashtags |url=http://cmsimpact.org/resource/beyond-hashtags-ferguson-blacklivesmatter-online-struggle-offline-justice/ |date=February 29, 2016 |publisher=Center for Media and Social Impact |type=PDF |page=9 |access-date=December 18, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le ƒe 2013 me la, Patrisse Cullors, Alicia Garza, kple Ayọ Tometi ɖo Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ƒe Habɔbɔ. Garza ɖe eme be network sia nye internet dzi mɔnu aɖe si dzi woato ana gɔmeɖose kple taɖodzinu siwo wozãna ɖekae la ʋiʋlilawo. Wokpɔ mɔ be Local Black Lives Matter ƒe tawo nawɔ ɖe mɔfiame siawo dzi gake woawɔ dɔ le wo ɖokui si. Womekpɔa titina ƒe ɖoɖo alo ɖoƒe si woɖo ɖe ɖoɖo nu o. Garza gblɔ be Network la metsɔ ɖeke le &quot;kpovitɔwo ƒe amesiwo nye habɔbɔa me tɔ kple amesiwo menye habɔbɔa ƒe akpa aɖeke o&quot; me o. Le ƒe 2021 me la, ta siwo ade 40 ye nɔ United States kple Canada katã.

Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Vevie ƒe ɖoɖo si wowɔna le teƒe vovovowo la he tɔtɔ vɛ ɣeaɖewoɣi. Zi geɖe la, wogblɔna vodadatɔe be nuwɔna alo nya siwo ta ɖekaɖekawo alo amewo gblɔ la tso &quot;Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie&quot; habɔbɔ bliboa gbɔ. Abe alesi Matt Pearce si le Los Angeles Times gblɔe ene la, &quot;nyaawo ate ŋu anye dunyahehe me ɣlidodo si wotsɔ ƒoa ƒui alo wole nu ƒom tso habɔbɔ si le ʋiʋlilawo ŋu. Alo ate ŋu anye ŋkɔ si wozãna le mɔ si me kɔ o si wozãna tsɔ ɖɔa tsitretsiɖeŋu kple dzeɖoɖo vovovo siwo ku ɖe ameƒomevi vovovowo ƒe tasɔsɔmasɔ ŋu.&quot; Togbɔ be ele alea hã la, zi ɖeka ya teti la, ame aɖe si woɖe fia be enye BLM Global Network ƒe Dɔdzikpɔlagã ɖe gbeƒã nya aɖe le se nu ɖe ​​habɔbɔ ma teƒe.

=== Ʋuʋu si keke ta wu ===
Le ƒe 2015 me la, Johnetta Elzie, DeRay Mckesson, Brittany Packnett, kple Samuel Sinyangwe dze Dɔwɔha Zero gɔme. Afɔɖeɖe sia ku ɖe asitɔtrɔ le ɖoɖowo ŋu be woatsɔ atɔ te kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ŋu. Campaign Zero ɖe ɖoɖo si me nya ewo le ɖe go hena kpovitɔwo ƒe ɖɔɖɔɖo. Woƒe aɖaŋuɖoɖowo dometɔ aɖewoe nye:

* &quot;Fesre gbagbãwo&quot; kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ (aɖaŋu si woɖo taɖodzinu na agɔdzedze suewo) nuwuwu.
* Nutoa me tɔwo ƒe ŋkuléle ɖe kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔƒewo ŋu ƒe dzidziɖedzi.
* Se sesẽwo toto vɛ na alesi kpovitɔwo zãa ŋusẽe.

Gake aʋawɔla aɖewo, abe alesi John Eligon si le The New York Times ka nya tae ene, tsi dzi be Campaign Zero ƒe susu nɔ sewo ŋu akpa be woatsɔ akpɔ kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ gbɔe.

Le kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ɖeɖeko megbe la, Black Lives Matter habɔbɔa doa alɔ nu bubuwo hã. Esiawo dometɔ aɖewoe nye LGBTQ+ ƒe ʋiʋli, nyɔnuwo ƒe nyaʋiʋli, amedzrowo ƒe ɖɔɖɔɖo, kple ganyawo ƒe dzɔdzɔenyenye.

'''Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie Taʋliha'''

The Movement for Black Lives (Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Ŋuti Habɔbɔ, M4BL) nye habɔbɔ gã aɖe si me habɔbɔ siwo wu 50 le siwo wɔa dɔ tsɔ doa alɔ Ameyibɔwo ƒe nuto siwo le United States katã. Ame vevi siwo le eme dometɔ aɖewoe nye Black Lives Matter Network, Dukɔa ƒe Ameyibɔ Senyalawo ƒe Takpekpe, kple Ella Baker Amegbetɔ ƒe Gomenɔamesiwo Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe. Ƒuƒoƒowo abe Color of Change kple PolicyLink hã da megbe na M4BL, si xɔa kadodo kple aɖaŋuɖoɖo ƒe kpekpeɖeŋu tso habɔbɔ aɖe si woyɔna be Blackbird gbɔ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Ransby|first=Barbara|date=October 21, 2017|title=Opinion {{!}} Black Lives Matter Is Democracy in Action|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/21/opinion/sunday/black-lives-matter-leadership.html|access-date=April 25, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le George Floyd wuwu megbe la, M4BL to BREATHE Act vɛ. Se sia si wodo ɖa la bia be woawɔ tɔtrɔ gãwo le kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye ga xɔdzo le kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔƒewo eye woatsɔe ade nutoa me nunɔamesiwo me tẽ kple mɔ yeye siwo dzi woato awɔ nu ɖe ​​nɔnɔme kpatawo ŋu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |agency=Associated Press|date=July 7, 2020|title=Movement for Black Lives Seeks Sweeping Legislative Changes|work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/07/07/us/ap-us-black-lives-matter-legislation.html|access-date=July 8, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Byrd|first=Jessica|title=The Genius of Resilience: Toward a New, Black National Convention|url=https://www.theroot.com/the-genius-of-resilience-toward-a-new-black-national-1844367817|access-date=July 18, 2020|website=The Root|date=July 14, 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

M4BL hã ʋlia:

* Decarceration: Ame siwo le gaxɔ me ƒe xexlẽme dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ.
* Teƒeɖoɖo: Nusiwo kluvinyenye kple nuwɔna madzɔmadzɔwo abe fli dzĩwo tsɔtsɔ ɖo aƒewo me ene gblẽ va yi gbɔ kpɔkpɔ.
* Ame gbogbowo ƒe ŋkuléle ɖe ame ŋu nu nuwuwu.
* Gadede dukɔa ƒe hehenana me ɖe gaxɔwo teƒe.
* Nutoa me tɔwo ƒe kpovitɔwo dzi ɖuɖu: Ŋusẽ nana nutoa me tɔwo be woaxɔ kpovitɔwo ɖe dɔ me, aɖe wo le dɔ me, eye woahe to na wo, woayɔ kpovitɔwo, eye woakpɔ kpovitɔwo ƒe gakpekpeɖeŋu dzi.

M4BL do go zi gbãtɔ le July 24, 2015 dzi, le Cleveland Dukɔa ƒe Yunivɛsiti. Ame siwo ade 1,500 va ɖo 2,000 ye ƒo ƒu be yewoadzro alesi woawɔ abia akɔnta sedzikpɔlawo le dukɔa me godoo me. Takpekpe sia na woɖo hadomehabɔbɔ si lolo wu sã. Kaka July 26 naɖo la, M4BL dze agbagbadzedze si xɔ ƒe ɖeka be yeaƒo nutoa me kple dukɔa ƒe ƒuƒoƒowo nu ƒu be woaɖo &quot;United Front&quot; gɔme. Agbagbadzedze sia na woɖo taɖodzinuwo, nudidiwo, kple ɖoɖo siwo me kɔ siwo ƒe taɖodzinue nye be woakpɔ &quot;ablɔɖe&quot; gbɔ na Ameyibɔwo ƒe nutoawo le Amerika katã.

Le ƒe 2016 me la, Ford Foundation ɖe gbeƒã ƒe ade ƒe ɖoɖo si wowɔ be woatsɔ akpɔ ga na M4BL, awɔ ɖeka kple ame bubuwo atsɔ awɔ Habɔbɔ si Ameyibɔwo kplɔna. Washington Times ka nya ta be Ford Foundation kple nunala bubuwo tsɔ dɔlar miliɔn 100 na M4BL le ƒe 2016 me (si ƒe home ade dɔlar miliɔn 131 le ƒe 2024 me). Wogblɔ be Open Society Foundations hã tsɔ dɔlar miliɔn 33 (si ade dɔlar miliɔn 43 egbea) na M4BL.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=August 2, 2016 |title=Slavery reparations sought in first Black Lives Matter agenda |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-politics-race-idUSKCN10C3E1|access-date=June 3, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 1, 2016 |title=Black Lives Matter Releases Policy Demands, Includes Reparations And Abolishing The Death Penalty |url=https://populardemocracy.org/news-and-publications/black-lives-matter-releases-policy-demands-includes-reparations-and-abolishing|access-date=June 3, 2020 |website=The Center for Popular Democracy}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Gakpekpeɖeŋunana'''

Le ƒe 2015 me la, Politico ka nya ta be Democracy Alliance, si nye Democratic Party ƒe nunala ƒe ƒuƒoƒo aɖe, ɖoe be yewoado go kple habɔbɔ siwo doa alɔ Black Lives Matter habɔbɔa ƒe ŋgɔnɔlawo. Solidaire, si nye nunala ƒe ƒuƒoƒo si ƒe susu nɔ &quot;habɔbɔ tutuɖo&quot; ŋu eye Leah Hunt-Hendrix (amesi hã nye Demokrasi Nubabla ƒe akpa aɖe) nɔ ŋgɔ na, ​​tsɔ ga si wu dɔlar 200,000 na Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie habɔbɔa xoxo kaka ƒe ma naɖo.

The Economist ka nya ta be le May kple December 2020 dome la, nudzɔdzɔ siwo wowɔ na nusiwo ku ɖe Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ŋu la ƒe ƒuƒoƒo si wobu be enye dɔlar biliɔn 10.6 (anɔ abe dɔlar biliɔn 13 ene le ƒe 2024 me).

Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation, si nye habɔbɔ vevi aɖe si wɔa ɖoɖo ɖe agbagbadzedzewo ŋu le dukɔa me godoo, ɖe gbeƒãe be yewofɔ dɔlar miliɔn 90 le ƒe 2020 me (anɔ abe dɔlar miliɔn 109 ene le ƒe 2024 me). Esia ƒe akpa gã aɖe tso ame ɖekaɖekawo ƒe nudzɔdzɔwo le Internet dzi me, eye nudzɔdzɔ si wodzɔna le mama dedie nu nye dɔlar 30.76 (anɔ abe dɔlar 37.37 ene egbea).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=April 20, 2021|title=AP Exclusive: Black Lives Matter opens up about its finances|url=https://apnews.com/article/black-lives-matter-90-million-finances-8a80cad199f54c0c4b9e74283d27366f|access-date=May 26, 2021|website=AP NEWS}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=2020 Impact Report - Black Lives Matter|work=Black Lives Matter|url=https://blacklivesmatter.com/2020-impact-report/|access-date=May 26, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Aɖaŋu kple aɖaŋu siwo wozãna'''

Le gɔmedzedzea me la, Black Lives Matter ɖo ame geɖe gbɔ kaba to hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒewo zazã me, vevietɔ to hashtags dzi. Le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe la, habɔbɔa va zã tsitretsiɖeŋumɔnu vovovowo.

Black Lives Matter ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋu akpa gãtɔ nye ŋutifafatɔe. Ne ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ dzɔ nyateƒe la, zi geɖe la, amewo ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋu ɖe habɔbɔa ŋu gbɔe wòtsona. Togbɔ be ele alea hã la, amesiwo tsi tre ɖe Black Lives Matter ŋu ​​dzea agbagba enuenu be yewoana habɔbɔa nadze abe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ene.

'''Internet kple hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒewo'''

Hashtag #BlackLivesMatter va zu dɔwɔnu sẽŋu aɖe na habɔbɔa kabakaba.

Le ƒe 2014 me la:

* Amerikatɔwo ƒe Gbegbɔgblɔ Habɔbɔ tia #BlackLivesMatter be wòanye yewoƒe nya si wozãna le ƒea me.
* ''Yes! Magazine'' Magazine yɔe be hashtag wuieve siwo trɔ xexeame la dometɔ ɖeka.

Hashtag la zazã va do gã ɖe edzi le hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒewo:

* Tso July 2013 va ɖo May 2018 la, woŋlɔ #BlackLivesMatter ɖe Twitter dzi zi gbɔ zi miliɔn 30 kple edzivɔ, eye woŋlɔe ɖe Twitter dzi zi gbɔ zi 17,002 gbesiagbe le mamã dedie nu.
* Kaka June 10, 2020 naɖo la, woɖoe ɖe Twitter dzi abe zi miliɔn 47.8 ene.
* Ɣeyiɣi si wozãe wue nye July 7 kple 17, 2016 dome, eye ame 500,000 kloe ye ŋlɔa nyatakakawo ɖe Twitter dzi gbesiagbe. Le ɣeyiɣi sia me la, tweet siwo zãa &quot;#BlueLivesMatter&quot; kple &quot;#AllLivesMatter&quot; hã dzi ɖe edzi.
* Le May 28, 2020 dzi la, hashtag la kpɔ tweet miliɔn 8.8 kloe, eye gbesiagbe ƒe mamã dedie dzi ɖe edzi va ɖo miliɔn 3.7.

Gake tudada Dallas kpovitɔwo le ƒe 2016 me na be amewo bu nukpɔsusu gbegblẽ geɖe wu le habɔbɔa ŋu le Internet dzi. Le wɔna sia megbe la, #BlackLivesMatter ƒe tweet 39% ɖe tsitretsitsi ɖe habɔbɔa ŋu fia, eye ame geɖe do ƒome kple ƒuƒoƒoa kple ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ eye woyɔ wo gɔ̃ hã be ŋɔdzidonamelawo.

Khadijah White, si nye nufialagã le Rutgers Yunivɛsiti, xɔe se be BLM he aʋawɔwɔ ƒe ƒutsotsoe yeye aɖe vɛ le Ameyibɔ yunivɛsiti sukuviwo dome. Alesi wòle bɔbɔe be woalé kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ƒe video siwo me woɖea nɔnɔmetatawo le ɖe mɔ̃ dzi ahama wo ɖe hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒewo la na amewo va le ŋgɔ yim le xexeame katã. Hashtag sia zazã le afisiafi hã he dunyahela siwo le ɖoƒe kɔkɔwo ƒe susu, eye ɣeaɖewoɣi la, ena wodoa alɔ habɔbɔa.

Le June 2020 me la, wowɔ WikiProject ɖe Wikipedia dzi koŋ be woatsɔ aƒo nu tso Black Lives Matter habɔbɔa ŋu.

Le ƒe 2020 me la, dɔwɔnu si nye TikTok zãlawo de dzesii be edze abe nya siwo woŋlɔ tso BLM alo kpovitɔwo ƒe Ameyibɔwo wuwu nyitsɔ laa ŋu ɣla ene, si nye nuwɔna si woyɔna be &quot;shadow banning (vɔvɔli ƒe mɔxexeɖedɔ).&quot; Emegbe TikTok ɖe kuku, eye wòbu fɔ nyaa ɖe mɔ̃ɖaŋukuxi aɖe ta.[13]

=== Dunyahehe me Afɔɖeɖe ===

Zi geɖe la, Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie (BLM) habɔbɔa zãa afɔɖeɖe tẽ abe tsitretsiɖeŋu kple kpekpewo ene tsɔ naa amewo dzea ŋgɔ ameƒomevinyenye ƒe madzɔmadzɔnyenye ƒe nyawo. Woƒe taɖodzinue nye be yewoahe vevesese si sɔ gbɔ ale gbegbe be womate ŋu aŋe aɖaba aƒu nya siawo dzi o. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, BLM wɔ &quot;die-ins&quot; gɔ̃ hã, afisi gomekpɔlawo wɔa abe ɖe woku ene, abe esi wowɔ le ƒe 2015 Twin Cities Marathon me ene. 

Le woƒe wɔwɔfiawo me la, BLM zãa nya sẽŋu vovovowo tsɔ gblɔa woƒe gbedasia. Esiawo dometɔ aɖewoe nye &quot;Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie,&quot; tsɔ kpe ɖe nyagbewo abe &quot;Asiwo yi dzi, mègada tu o&quot; (si nye nya si wogblɔ tso Michael Brown ŋu, togbɔ be woʋli nya le eƒe nyateƒetoto ŋu emegbe hã), &quot;Nyemate ŋu agbɔ ya o&quot; (si ƒo nu tso Eric Garner kple emegbe George Floyd ŋu), &quot;Yevuwo ƒe ɖoɖoezizi nye ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ,&quot; &quot;Dzɔdzɔenyenye aɖeke meli o, ŋutifafa aɖeke meli o,&quot; kple &quot;Ðe vinyea kplɔe ɖo?&quot; 

Numekuku aɖe si wowɔ le ƒe 2018 me ɖee fia be Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋuwo dzɔna le teƒe siwo kpovitɔwo wu Ameyibɔ geɖe wu, si ɖee fia be kadodo si dze ƒã le kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ƒe nudzɔdzɔ siwo dzɔna le nutoa me kple habɔbɔa ƒe dɔwɔnawo dome.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Williamson, Vanessa; Trump, Kris-Stella; Einstein, Katherine Levine (2018). &quot;[[doi:10.1017/S1537592717004273|Black Lives Matter: Evidence that Police-Caused Deaths Predict Protest Activity]]&quot;. ''Perspectives on Politics''. '''16''' (2): 400–415. doi:1[[doi:10.1017/S1537592717004273|0.1017/S1537592717004273]]. ISSN 1537-5927.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nyadzɔdzɔgblɔmɔnuwo, hadzidzi kple dekɔnuwo ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi bubuwo ===
Tso esime wòdze egɔme le ƒe 2013 me kple hashtag #BlackLivesMatter la, woɖea habɔbɔa fiana eye woƒoa nu tso eŋu le nyadzɔdzɔgblɔmɔnu geɖewo abe sinimawo, hadzidziwo, TV dzi wɔnawo, agbalẽwo, kple aɖaŋudɔwo me. Nyadzɔdzɔdɔwɔƒe geɖe hã le nyatakaka siwo ku ɖe ameƒomevinyenye ƒe madzɔmadzɔnyenye kple Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ƒe habɔbɔa ŋu la mam. Le nyateƒe me la, agbalẽ siwo wota, agbalẽwo, kple television dzi wɔna siwo ku ɖe nyati siawo ŋu va xɔ ŋkɔ ŋutɔ le ƒe 2020. Wozã hawo abe Michael Jackson ƒe &quot;They Don't Care About Us&quot; kple Kendrick Lamar ƒe &quot;Alright&quot; gɔ̃ hã geɖe tsɔ de dzo amewo me le tsitretsiɖeŋunyawo me.

Woɖe ʋuʋua fia le sinima aɖewo koŋ me hã. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, nuŋlɔɖi kpui si nye &quot;Bars4Justice&quot; la lɔ ʋiʋlilawo kple nutala siwo do ƒome kple Black Lives Matter ɖe eme eye wotiae gɔ̃ hã na Ƒe Sia Ƒe ƒe Pan Afrika Sinimawɔƒe ƒe Ŋkekenyui 24 lia. Sinima bubu si nye &quot;Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement,&quot; nye ƒe 2016 ƒe TV dzi nuŋlɔɖi si me Jesse Williams nye akpa vevi aɖe le si ƒo nu tso habɔbɔa ŋu.

Le sinimawo godo la, wova de dzesi Black Lives Matter le nyadzɔdzɔgblɔmɔ̃ bubuwo me. Essence magazine ƒe February 2015 ƒe tata tsɔ eƒe akpa dzi kple emenyawo na habɔbɔa. Azɔ hã, le December 2015 me la, BLM nye hoʋlila sesẽ aɖe na Time magazine ƒe Ƒea ƒe Ame Nyuitɔ ƒe kafukafu, eye wòxɔ nɔƒe enelia le ame enyi siwo di be yewoaxɔ ɖoƒea dome.

Le United States  la, du geɖe ɖee fia be yewole megbe na Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie to gli gã siwo nye &quot;Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie&quot; tata ɖe woƒe ablɔwo dzi tẽ. Àte ŋu akpɔ nukpɔkpɔ sẽŋu siawo le teƒewo abe Washington, D.C., Dallas, Denver, Charlotte, Seattle, Brooklyn, Los Angeles, kple Birmingham, Alabama ene.

Le nudzɔdzɔ ɖedzesi aɖe si dzɔ le May 9, 2016 dzi me la, Delrish Moss va zu Afrika Amerika kpovitɔwo ƒe amegã gbãtɔ le Ferguson, Missouri. Ekpɔe dze sii be dɔ geɖe le ye ŋgɔ, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye be yeana kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔƒea nanye ame vovovowo, yeana ƒomedodo nyuiwo tutuɖo kple nutoa me tɔwo, eye yeakpɔ kuxi siwo tututu na Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie habɔbɔa dze egɔme le gɔmedzedzea me la gbɔ.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2016/05/09/us/ap-us-killings-by-police-ferguson-the-latest.html New Ferguson Police Chief Sworn In], ''The New York Times'', May 9, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nutsotso siwo nye be kpovitɔwo zã ŋusẽ si gbɔ eme ===
Numekuku geɖe ku ɖe alesi ameƒomevi vovovowo wɔa nu kple kpovitɔwo kple zi nenie wozãa ŋusẽ ŋu.

Tso ƒe 2002 va ɖo ƒe 2011 me la, numekuku aɖe si Bureau of Justice Statistics wɔ ɖee fia be Ameyibɔwo (2.8%) xɔe se wu Yevuwo (1.0%) kple Hispaniatɔwo (1.4%) be kpovitɔwo zã ŋusẽ si mewu ame o fũ akpa.

The Washington Post gblɔ be kpovitɔwo le United States da tu ame 1,001 hewu wo le ƒe 2019. Ame siwo wowu la dometɔ siwo ade afã nye Yevuwo, eye wo dometɔ enelia nye Ameyibɔwo. Esia fia be le Amerikatɔ Ameyibɔ miliɔn ɖesiaɖe me la, kpovitɔwo ƒe tudada wu ame 31, si wu Amerikatɔ Yevuwo ƒe teƒe eve (13 le miliɔn ɖesiaɖe me). Washington Post hã ka nya ta be kpovitɔwo da tu Amerikatɔ Ameyibɔ 13 siwo metsɔ tu o hewu wo le ƒe 2019 me.

Numekuku aɖe si Cody Ross wɔ le ƒe 2015 me le UC Davis ɖee fia be vovototo gã aɖe le kpovitɔwo ƒe Amerikatɔ Ameyibɔ siwo metsɔ tu o wuwu me ne wotsɔe sɔ kple Amerikatɔ Yevu siwo metsɔ tu o. Numekuku sia ɖee fia be kpovitɔwo da tu Ameyibɔ siwo metsɔ tu o zi gbɔ zi 3.49 wu Yevu siwo metsɔ tu o, eye le nuto aɖewo me la, afɔku sia ate ŋu asɔ gbɔ wu zi gbɔ zi 20 sɔŋ. Numekukua de dzesii hã be woda tu Ameyibɔ siwo tsɔ tu ɖe asi zi gbɔ zi 2.79 wu Ameyibɔ siwo metsɔ tu o. Vevietɔ la, numekuku sia ƒo nya ta be womate ŋu atsɔ vovototo si le nutoa me nuvlowɔwɔ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ me aɖe ameƒomevinyenye ƒe akpaɖekedzimademade le kpovitɔwo ƒe tudada me si wokpɔ le nutoa me la me o.

Gake numekuku siwo wowɔ tso nya sia ŋu ate ŋu ato vovo. Numekuku aɖe si Cesario kple exɔlɔ̃wo wɔ le ƒe 2019 me. do susua ɖa be esi wobu nuvlowɔwɔ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ŋu vɔ la, kpeɖodzi si me kɔ aɖeke meli si fia be vovototo le ameyibɔwo dome le kpovitɔwo ƒe tudada siwo wua ame me o, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye esiwo ku ɖe dumevi siwo metsɔ tu o alo amenyenye vodadatɔe ŋu o. Gake, ƒe 2020 me numekuku aɖe si Cody Ross et al. melɔ̃ ɖe alesi Cesario et al. numekukua ku eƒe nyatakakawo me. Esi Ross et al. ƒo nya ta be ameƒomevinyenye ƒe akpaɖekedzimademade ɖedzesi aɖe li vavã ne kpovitɔwo da tu Ameyibɔ siwo ŋu wole ɖi kem le siwo metsɔ tu o, gake womekpɔa akpaɖekedzimademade sia ne ame siwo ŋu wole ɖi kem le la tsɔ tu o.

[[File:Police killings in the USA in 2018.svg|thumb|250px|right|Map depicting rates of police killings by state in the United States in 2018]]
Numekuku aɖe si Harvard gaŋutinunyala Roland Fryer wɔ la lé ŋku ɖe kpovitɔwo ƒe gododo ŋu eye wòkpɔe be Ameyibɔ kple Hispaniatɔ ɖekaɖekawo ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ si mewu ame o tso kpovitɔwo gbɔ 50% wu. Gake le kpovitɔwo ƒe tudada si he ku vɛ gome la, mekpɔ ameƒomevinyenye ƒe vovototo aɖeke le nu bubu vovovowo ŋu bubu vɔ megbe o.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fryer |first=Roland |title=An Empirical Analysis of Racial Differences in Police Use of Force |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/fryer/publications/empirical-analysis-racial-differences-police-use-force |journal=Journal of Political Economy }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le vovo me la, ƒe 2019 ƒe numekuku aɖe si wota ɖe PNAS me ƒo nya ta le gɔmedzedzea me be le nyateƒe me la, kpovitɔwo mewu Ameyibɔwo boo o wu Yevuwo, le alesi ameyibɔwo kuna le kpovitɔwo ƒe gododowo me nu. Gake agbalẽa ŋlɔlawo he agbalẽ sia ɖe megbe emegbe. Woɖe eme be togbɔ be yewoƒe nyatakakawo kple mɔnuwo nyo na ŋkuléle ɖe alesi kpovitɔ aɖe ƒe nɔnɔme do ƒome kple ameƒomevi si woda tu hewui ŋu hã la, yewoƒe numekukua menyo ale gbegbe be woatsɔ aɖo eŋu ŋutɔŋutɔ nenye be ameƒomevinyenye ƒe akpaɖekedzimademade le mɔnukpɔkpɔ si li be kpovitɔwo nada tu ame aɖe wòaku, alo le kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me le goawo katã me o. Wogblɔ be wozã yewoƒe dɔa tsɔ da asi ɖe susu si nye be ameŋkumenuwɔwɔ mawo tɔgbe aɖeke meli o dzi, si menye nusi yewoƒe numekukua ɖo kpe edzi ŋutɔŋutɔ o.

Numekuku bubu ɖee fia be nyataƒoƒo aɖewo siwo woƒo do ŋgɔ ku ɖe kpovitɔwo ƒe amewuwu ŋu la flua ame le nane si woyɔna be Simpson ƒe nya si tsi tre ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu ta. Esia fia be togbɔ be adze abe ɖe wowua Yevuwo zi geɖe le kpovitɔwo ƒe gododowo me ene hã la, numekukua ʋli nya be Ameyibɔwo gakpɔtɔ le vovototodedeameme me tom elabena kadodo geɖe wu nɔ wo kple kpovitɔwo dome le gɔmedzedzea me, zi geɖe la, esia tsoa ɖoɖowɔɖi ƒe nya siwo kaka ta. Wotɔa wo enuenu le nuvlowɔwɔ suewo alo nuvlowɔwɔ aɖeke kura gɔ̃ hã ta. To vovo na ema la, Yevuwo mewɔa nu kple kpovitɔwo zi geɖe o, eye ne wowɔe la, zi geɖe la, enyea nuvlowɔwɔ siwo nu sẽ wu, abe tudada ene, afisi kpovitɔwo zãa ŋusẽ le wu. Numekuku sia ke ɖo kpe nusiwo ŋu numekulawo abe Ross kple Fryer ke ɖo dzi, eye wògblɔ be ŋkuléle ɖe amesiwo kuna ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ bliboa ŋu (si fia be ame agbɔsɔsɔme si kpovitɔwo wu tso ƒuƒoƒo aɖe me le woƒe amewo katã dome) kpena ɖe ame ŋu wu ŋkuléle ɖe amesiwo kuna le kpovitɔwo ƒe gododo me ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme ŋu ko.[[File:Black Lives Matter protest against St. Paul police brutality (21552673186).jpg|thumb|Black Lives Matter protest on September 20, 2015, against police brutality in [[St. Paul, Minnesota]]]]

== Nya siawo tsoƒe ==</text>
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      <text bytes="29435" sha1="38rb58gb0q4cfou0ve2tgwydqf0igt0" xml:space="preserve">Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ('''Black Lives Matter''') nye habɔbɔ si keke ta si di be yeaɖe alesi Ameyibɔwo kpɔa ameƒomevinyenye kple nuwɔwɔ madzɔmadzɔe la afia. &lt;ref&gt;Smith, Robert (2021). &quot;Black Lives Matter&quot;. ''Encyclopedia of African-American Politics, Third Edition''. New York: Facts on File. pp. 122–126. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-9939-9|ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-1-4381-9939-9&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt;Eƒonɛ ɖe ameƒomevinyenye ƒe vovototodedeameme hã nu, si fia be woawɔ avu kple ameƒomevinyenye veviedodotɔe.

kpovitɔwo ƒe nuvevi wɔwɔ Ameyibɔwo kple ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ɖe Ameyibɔwo ŋu le woƒe ameƒomevinyenye ta koŋ ŋue habɔbɔa ku ɖo. BLM dze egɔme elabena wowu amewo abe Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown, Eric Garner, kple Rekia Boyd ene.

Zi geɖe la, ƒuƒoƒo siwo do ƒome kple BLM biaa se yeyewo be woakpe ɖe Ameyibɔwo ŋu woavo eye woana ʋɔnudrɔ̃ɖoɖoa nanyo ɖe edzi.

Togbɔ be ƒuƒoƒo aɖewo koŋ li siwo ŋkɔe nye &quot;Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie&quot; hã la, kplɔla ɖeka koe kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe habɔbɔa ŋutɔ dzi o. Enye akpa vovovo geɖewo ƒe kadodo. Nyagbɔgblɔ si nye &quot;Black Lives Matter&quot; menye ame aɖeke tɔ o.

Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie (BLM) habɔbɔa dze egɔme le ƒe 2013. Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, kple Ayọ Tometi ye dze egɔme. Wowɔ hashtag #BlackLivesMatter le hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒewo esi woɖe asi le George Zimmerman ŋu le tudada Trayvon Martin, si nye Afrika-Amerika ƒewuivi aɖe si wòku me vɔ megbe.

BLM xɔ dukɔa ƒe susu le ƒe 2014 me to ablɔdzi tsitretsiɖeŋuwo me. Ðeɖefia siawo kplɔ Afrika-Amerikatɔ eve bubuwo ƒe ku ɖo: Michael Brown le Ferguson, Missouri (si na ame geɖe tsi tre ɖe eŋu), kple Eric Garner le New York City. Tso esime Ferguson tsi tre ɖe eŋu la, BLM ƒe ʋiʋlilawo yi edzi le tsitre tsim ɖe Afrika-Amerikatɔ bubu geɖe ƒe ku ŋu le kpovitɔwo ƒe nuwɔnawo me alo esime wonɔ kpovitɔwo ƒe gaxɔ me. Le ƒe 2015 ƒe dzomeŋɔli la, BLM ƒe ʋiʋlilawo hã va ƒo wo ɖokui ɖe ƒe 2016 U.S. dukplɔla ƒe tiatia me.&lt;ref name=eligon&gt;{{cite web |last=Eligon |first=John |date=November 18, 2015 |title=One Slogan, Many Methods: Black Lives Matter Enters Politics |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/19/us/one-slogan-many-methods-black-lives-matter-enters-politics.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=December 18, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dukɔwo ƒe susu va nɔ habɔbɔ sia ŋu le ƒe 2020. Esia tso xexeame katã ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋu siwo kplɔ George Floyd si Minneapolis kpovitɔ Derek Chauvin wuwu ɖo gbɔ. Wobu akɔnta be ame miliɔn 15 va ɖo 26 ye kpɔ gome le BLM ƒe ʋiʋliwo me le United States, si wɔe be wònye tsitretsiɖeŋuha gãtɔ kekeake siwo wowɔ le dukɔa ƒe ŋutinya me la dometɔ ɖeka. Togbɔ be tsitretsiɖeŋula aɖewo gblɔ be BLM ƒe wɔwɔfiawo nye ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ hã la, wo dometɔ akpa gãtɔ nye ŋutifafa.

Kpekpeɖeŋunana Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie la trɔ le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe, vevietɔ le Amerikatɔ yevuwo dome. Le ƒe 2020 me la, U.S. ame tsitsi 67% da asi ɖe habɔbɔa dzi, gake xexlẽme sia ɖiɖi va ɖo 51% le ƒe 2023. Gake kpekpeɖeŋu si le ameyibɔwo dome la gakpɔtɔ sẽ ŋu. Le ƒe 2023 me la, Afrika Amerikatɔwo ƒe 81%, Hispaniatɔwo ƒe 61%, kple Asia Amerikatɔwo ƒe 63% ɖee fia be yewole megbe na BLM.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last1=Buchanan |first1=Larry |last2=Bui |first2=Quoctrung |last3=Patel |first3=Jugal K. |date=July 3, 2020 |title=Black Lives Matter May Be the Largest Movement in U.S. History |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/07/03/us/george-floyd-protests-crowd-size.html|access-date=July 3, 2020 |issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite being characterized by opponents as violent, the overwhelming majority of BLM demonstrations have been peaceful.&lt;ref&gt;Sources:

* {{cite news|last1=Udoma|first1=Ebong|title=UConn Study: At Least 96% of Black Lives Matter Protests Were Peaceful|url=https://www.wshu.org/news/2020-10-19/uconn-study-at-least-96-of-black-lives-matter-protests-were-peaceful|date=October 19, 2020|publisher=WSHU-FM}}
* {{cite news|title=This summer's Black Lives Matter protesters were overwhelmingly peaceful, our research finds|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/10/16/this-summers-black-lives-matter-protesters-were-overwhelming-peaceful-our-research-finds/|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=October 16, 2020|author1=Erica Chenoweth|author2=Jeremy Pressman}}
* {{cite news|title='A fanciful reality': Trump claims Black Lives Matter protests are violent, but the majority are peaceful|url=https://www.usatoday.com/in-depth/news/nation/2020/10/24/trump-claims-blm-protests-violent-but-majority-peaceful/3640564001/|work=USA Today|date=October 24, 2020|author1=Grace Hauck|author2=Trevor Hughes|author3=Omar Abdel-Baqui|author4=Ricardo Torres|author5=Hayes Gardner}}
* {{cite news|last1=Watson|first1=Julie|title=Comparison between Capitol siege, BLM protests is denounced|url=https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-capitol-siege-race-and-ethnicity-violence-racial-injustice-afd7dc2165f355a3e6dc4e9418019eb5|publisher=Associated Press|date=January 14, 2021}}
* {{cite news|last1=Corley|first1=Cheryl|title=Black Lives Matter Fights Disinformation To Keep The Movement Strong|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/05/25/999841030/black-lives-matter-fights-disinformation-to-keep-the-movement-strong|publisher=National Public Radio|date=May 25, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== BLM Dɔwɔɖoɖo Kple Ðoɖowɔwɔ ==

=== Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbe Le Vevie: Habɔbɔ, Kple Nyagbɔgblɔ ===
Gɔmesese vovovowo le nyagbɔgblɔ &quot;Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie&quot; ŋu. Ate ŋu afia hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒe ƒe hashtag, nyagbɔgblɔ, hadomehabɔbɔ si keke ta, dunyahehe me afɔɖeɖe ƒe kɔmiti, alo ƒuƒoƒo siwo le dɔ wɔm ɖe ameƒomevinyenye ƒe dzɔdzɔenyenye ta ƒe ƒuƒoƒo.

Abe habɔbɔ ene la, Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie nye ame siwo le gbe me eye wole ɖoɖo nu. Esia fia be eƒe susu nɔa nutoa me ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ŋu tsɔ wu be dukɔa ƒe ŋgɔnɔla ɖeka nanɔ esi. Dɔwɔɖoɖo sia to vovo na Ameyibɔwo ƒe habɔbɔ siwo nɔ anyi do ŋgɔ, abe Dukɔmeviwo ƒe Gomenɔamesiwo Ŋuti Habɔbɔ si nɔ anyi le ƒe 1950 kple 60 ƒeawo me ene. Dɔwɔla DeRay McKesson de dzesii be amesiame si da asi ɖe nukpɔsusu si nye be Ameyibɔwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ le vevie dzi le dutoƒo eye wòtsɔa woƒe ɣeyiɣi ɖoa eŋu la hã le habɔbɔa me.&lt;ref name=&quot;tags_BLM&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Freelon |first1=Deen |last2=McIlwain |first2=Charlton D. |last3=Clark |first3=Meredith D. |title=Beyond the Hashtags |url=http://cmsimpact.org/resource/beyond-hashtags-ferguson-blacklivesmatter-online-struggle-offline-justice/ |date=February 29, 2016 |publisher=Center for Media and Social Impact |type=PDF |page=9 |access-date=December 18, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le ƒe 2013 me la, Patrisse Cullors, Alicia Garza, kple Ayọ Tometi ɖo Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ƒe Habɔbɔ. Garza ɖe eme be network sia nye internet dzi mɔnu aɖe si dzi woato ana gɔmeɖose kple taɖodzinu siwo wozãna ɖekae la ʋiʋlilawo. Wokpɔ mɔ be Local Black Lives Matter ƒe tawo nawɔ ɖe mɔfiame siawo dzi gake woawɔ dɔ le wo ɖokui si. Womekpɔa titina ƒe ɖoɖo alo ɖoƒe si woɖo ɖe ɖoɖo nu o. Garza gblɔ be Network la metsɔ ɖeke le &quot;kpovitɔwo ƒe amesiwo nye habɔbɔa me tɔ kple amesiwo menye habɔbɔa ƒe akpa aɖeke o&quot; me o. Le ƒe 2021 me la, ta siwo ade 40 ye nɔ United States kple Canada katã.

Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Vevie ƒe ɖoɖo si wowɔna le teƒe vovovowo la he tɔtɔ vɛ ɣeaɖewoɣi. Zi geɖe la, wogblɔna vodadatɔe be nuwɔna alo nya siwo ta ɖekaɖekawo alo amewo gblɔ la tso &quot;Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie&quot; habɔbɔ bliboa gbɔ. Abe alesi Matt Pearce si le Los Angeles Times gblɔe ene la, &quot;nyaawo ate ŋu anye dunyahehe me ɣlidodo si wotsɔ ƒoa ƒui alo wole nu ƒom tso habɔbɔ si le ʋiʋlilawo ŋu. Alo ate ŋu anye ŋkɔ si wozãna le mɔ si me kɔ o si wozãna tsɔ ɖɔa tsitretsiɖeŋu kple dzeɖoɖo vovovo siwo ku ɖe ameƒomevi vovovowo ƒe tasɔsɔmasɔ ŋu.&quot; Togbɔ be ele alea hã la, zi ɖeka ya teti la, ame aɖe si woɖe fia be enye BLM Global Network ƒe Dɔdzikpɔlagã ɖe gbeƒã nya aɖe le se nu ɖe ​​habɔbɔ ma teƒe.

=== Ʋuʋu si keke ta wu ===
Le ƒe 2015 me la, Johnetta Elzie, DeRay Mckesson, Brittany Packnett, kple Samuel Sinyangwe dze Dɔwɔha Zero gɔme. Afɔɖeɖe sia ku ɖe asitɔtrɔ le ɖoɖowo ŋu be woatsɔ atɔ te kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ŋu. Campaign Zero ɖe ɖoɖo si me nya ewo le ɖe go hena kpovitɔwo ƒe ɖɔɖɔɖo. Woƒe aɖaŋuɖoɖowo dometɔ aɖewoe nye:

* &quot;Fesre gbagbãwo&quot; kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ (aɖaŋu si woɖo taɖodzinu na agɔdzedze suewo) nuwuwu.
* Nutoa me tɔwo ƒe ŋkuléle ɖe kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔƒewo ŋu ƒe dzidziɖedzi.
* Se sesẽwo toto vɛ na alesi kpovitɔwo zãa ŋusẽe.

Gake aʋawɔla aɖewo, abe alesi John Eligon si le The New York Times ka nya tae ene, tsi dzi be Campaign Zero ƒe susu nɔ sewo ŋu akpa be woatsɔ akpɔ kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ gbɔe.

Le kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ɖeɖeko megbe la, Black Lives Matter habɔbɔa doa alɔ nu bubuwo hã. Esiawo dometɔ aɖewoe nye LGBTQ+ ƒe ʋiʋli, nyɔnuwo ƒe nyaʋiʋli, amedzrowo ƒe ɖɔɖɔɖo, kple ganyawo ƒe dzɔdzɔenyenye.

'''Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie Taʋliha'''

The Movement for Black Lives (Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Ŋuti Habɔbɔ, M4BL) nye habɔbɔ gã aɖe si me habɔbɔ siwo wu 50 le siwo wɔa dɔ tsɔ doa alɔ Ameyibɔwo ƒe nuto siwo le United States katã. Ame vevi siwo le eme dometɔ aɖewoe nye Black Lives Matter Network, Dukɔa ƒe Ameyibɔ Senyalawo ƒe Takpekpe, kple Ella Baker Amegbetɔ ƒe Gomenɔamesiwo Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe. Ƒuƒoƒowo abe Color of Change kple PolicyLink hã da megbe na M4BL, si xɔa kadodo kple aɖaŋuɖoɖo ƒe kpekpeɖeŋu tso habɔbɔ aɖe si woyɔna be Blackbird gbɔ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Ransby|first=Barbara|date=October 21, 2017|title=Opinion {{!}} Black Lives Matter Is Democracy in Action|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/21/opinion/sunday/black-lives-matter-leadership.html|access-date=April 25, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le George Floyd wuwu megbe la, M4BL to BREATHE Act vɛ. Se sia si wodo ɖa la bia be woawɔ tɔtrɔ gãwo le kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye ga xɔdzo le kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔƒewo eye woatsɔe ade nutoa me nunɔamesiwo me tẽ kple mɔ yeye siwo dzi woato awɔ nu ɖe ​​nɔnɔme kpatawo ŋu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |agency=Associated Press|date=July 7, 2020|title=Movement for Black Lives Seeks Sweeping Legislative Changes|work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/07/07/us/ap-us-black-lives-matter-legislation.html|access-date=July 8, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Byrd|first=Jessica|title=The Genius of Resilience: Toward a New, Black National Convention|url=https://www.theroot.com/the-genius-of-resilience-toward-a-new-black-national-1844367817|access-date=July 18, 2020|website=The Root|date=July 14, 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

M4BL hã ʋlia:

* Decarceration: Ame siwo le gaxɔ me ƒe xexlẽme dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ.
* Teƒeɖoɖo: Nusiwo kluvinyenye kple nuwɔna madzɔmadzɔwo abe fli dzĩwo tsɔtsɔ ɖo aƒewo me ene gblẽ va yi gbɔ kpɔkpɔ.
* Ame gbogbowo ƒe ŋkuléle ɖe ame ŋu nu nuwuwu.
* Gadede dukɔa ƒe hehenana me ɖe gaxɔwo teƒe.
* Nutoa me tɔwo ƒe kpovitɔwo dzi ɖuɖu: Ŋusẽ nana nutoa me tɔwo be woaxɔ kpovitɔwo ɖe dɔ me, aɖe wo le dɔ me, eye woahe to na wo, woayɔ kpovitɔwo, eye woakpɔ kpovitɔwo ƒe gakpekpeɖeŋu dzi.

M4BL do go zi gbãtɔ le July 24, 2015 dzi, le Cleveland Dukɔa ƒe Yunivɛsiti. Ame siwo ade 1,500 va ɖo 2,000 ye ƒo ƒu be yewoadzro alesi woawɔ abia akɔnta sedzikpɔlawo le dukɔa me godoo me. Takpekpe sia na woɖo hadomehabɔbɔ si lolo wu sã. Kaka July 26 naɖo la, M4BL dze agbagbadzedze si xɔ ƒe ɖeka be yeaƒo nutoa me kple dukɔa ƒe ƒuƒoƒowo nu ƒu be woaɖo &quot;United Front&quot; gɔme. Agbagbadzedze sia na woɖo taɖodzinuwo, nudidiwo, kple ɖoɖo siwo me kɔ siwo ƒe taɖodzinue nye be woakpɔ &quot;ablɔɖe&quot; gbɔ na Ameyibɔwo ƒe nutoawo le Amerika katã.

Le ƒe 2016 me la, Ford Foundation ɖe gbeƒã ƒe ade ƒe ɖoɖo si wowɔ be woatsɔ akpɔ ga na M4BL, awɔ ɖeka kple ame bubuwo atsɔ awɔ Habɔbɔ si Ameyibɔwo kplɔna. Washington Times ka nya ta be Ford Foundation kple nunala bubuwo tsɔ dɔlar miliɔn 100 na M4BL le ƒe 2016 me (si ƒe home ade dɔlar miliɔn 131 le ƒe 2024 me). Wogblɔ be Open Society Foundations hã tsɔ dɔlar miliɔn 33 (si ade dɔlar miliɔn 43 egbea) na M4BL.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=August 2, 2016 |title=Slavery reparations sought in first Black Lives Matter agenda |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-politics-race-idUSKCN10C3E1|access-date=June 3, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 1, 2016 |title=Black Lives Matter Releases Policy Demands, Includes Reparations And Abolishing The Death Penalty |url=https://populardemocracy.org/news-and-publications/black-lives-matter-releases-policy-demands-includes-reparations-and-abolishing|access-date=June 3, 2020 |website=The Center for Popular Democracy}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Gakpekpeɖeŋunana'''

Le ƒe 2015 me la, Politico ka nya ta be Democracy Alliance, si nye Democratic Party ƒe nunala ƒe ƒuƒoƒo aɖe, ɖoe be yewoado go kple habɔbɔ siwo doa alɔ Black Lives Matter habɔbɔa ƒe ŋgɔnɔlawo. Solidaire, si nye nunala ƒe ƒuƒoƒo si ƒe susu nɔ &quot;habɔbɔ tutuɖo&quot; ŋu eye Leah Hunt-Hendrix (amesi hã nye Demokrasi Nubabla ƒe akpa aɖe) nɔ ŋgɔ na, ​​tsɔ ga si wu dɔlar 200,000 na Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie habɔbɔa xoxo kaka ƒe ma naɖo.

The Economist ka nya ta be le May kple December 2020 dome la, nudzɔdzɔ siwo wowɔ na nusiwo ku ɖe Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ŋu la ƒe ƒuƒoƒo si wobu be enye dɔlar biliɔn 10.6 (anɔ abe dɔlar biliɔn 13 ene le ƒe 2024 me).

Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation, si nye habɔbɔ vevi aɖe si wɔa ɖoɖo ɖe agbagbadzedzewo ŋu le dukɔa me godoo, ɖe gbeƒãe be yewofɔ dɔlar miliɔn 90 le ƒe 2020 me (anɔ abe dɔlar miliɔn 109 ene le ƒe 2024 me). Esia ƒe akpa gã aɖe tso ame ɖekaɖekawo ƒe nudzɔdzɔwo le Internet dzi me, eye nudzɔdzɔ si wodzɔna le mama dedie nu nye dɔlar 30.76 (anɔ abe dɔlar 37.37 ene egbea).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=April 20, 2021|title=AP Exclusive: Black Lives Matter opens up about its finances|url=https://apnews.com/article/black-lives-matter-90-million-finances-8a80cad199f54c0c4b9e74283d27366f|access-date=May 26, 2021|website=AP NEWS}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=2020 Impact Report - Black Lives Matter|work=Black Lives Matter|url=https://blacklivesmatter.com/2020-impact-report/|access-date=May 26, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Aɖaŋu kple aɖaŋu siwo wozãna'''

Le gɔmedzedzea me la, Black Lives Matter ɖo ame geɖe gbɔ kaba to hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒewo zazã me, vevietɔ to hashtags dzi. Le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe la, habɔbɔa va zã tsitretsiɖeŋumɔnu vovovowo.

Black Lives Matter ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋu akpa gãtɔ nye ŋutifafatɔe. Ne ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ dzɔ nyateƒe la, zi geɖe la, amewo ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋu ɖe habɔbɔa ŋu gbɔe wòtsona. Togbɔ be ele alea hã la, amesiwo tsi tre ɖe Black Lives Matter ŋu ​​dzea agbagba enuenu be yewoana habɔbɔa nadze abe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ene.

'''Internet kple hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒewo'''

Hashtag #BlackLivesMatter va zu dɔwɔnu sẽŋu aɖe na habɔbɔa kabakaba.

Le ƒe 2014 me la:

* Amerikatɔwo ƒe Gbegbɔgblɔ Habɔbɔ tia #BlackLivesMatter be wòanye yewoƒe nya si wozãna le ƒea me.
* ''Yes! Magazine'' Magazine yɔe be hashtag wuieve siwo trɔ xexeame la dometɔ ɖeka.

Hashtag la zazã va do gã ɖe edzi le hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒewo:

* Tso July 2013 va ɖo May 2018 la, woŋlɔ #BlackLivesMatter ɖe Twitter dzi zi gbɔ zi miliɔn 30 kple edzivɔ, eye woŋlɔe ɖe Twitter dzi zi gbɔ zi 17,002 gbesiagbe le mamã dedie nu.
* Kaka June 10, 2020 naɖo la, woɖoe ɖe Twitter dzi abe zi miliɔn 47.8 ene.
* Ɣeyiɣi si wozãe wue nye July 7 kple 17, 2016 dome, eye ame 500,000 kloe ye ŋlɔa nyatakakawo ɖe Twitter dzi gbesiagbe. Le ɣeyiɣi sia me la, tweet siwo zãa &quot;#BlueLivesMatter&quot; kple &quot;#AllLivesMatter&quot; hã dzi ɖe edzi.
* Le May 28, 2020 dzi la, hashtag la kpɔ tweet miliɔn 8.8 kloe, eye gbesiagbe ƒe mamã dedie dzi ɖe edzi va ɖo miliɔn 3.7.

Gake tudada Dallas kpovitɔwo le ƒe 2016 me na be amewo bu nukpɔsusu gbegblẽ geɖe wu le habɔbɔa ŋu le Internet dzi. Le wɔna sia megbe la, #BlackLivesMatter ƒe tweet 39% ɖe tsitretsitsi ɖe habɔbɔa ŋu fia, eye ame geɖe do ƒome kple ƒuƒoƒoa kple ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ eye woyɔ wo gɔ̃ hã be ŋɔdzidonamelawo.

Khadijah White, si nye nufialagã le Rutgers Yunivɛsiti, xɔe se be BLM he aʋawɔwɔ ƒe ƒutsotsoe yeye aɖe vɛ le Ameyibɔ yunivɛsiti sukuviwo dome. Alesi wòle bɔbɔe be woalé kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ƒe video siwo me woɖea nɔnɔmetatawo le ɖe mɔ̃ dzi ahama wo ɖe hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒewo la na amewo va le ŋgɔ yim le xexeame katã. Hashtag sia zazã le afisiafi hã he dunyahela siwo le ɖoƒe kɔkɔwo ƒe susu, eye ɣeaɖewoɣi la, ena wodoa alɔ habɔbɔa.

Le June 2020 me la, wowɔ WikiProject ɖe Wikipedia dzi koŋ be woatsɔ aƒo nu tso Black Lives Matter habɔbɔa ŋu.

Le ƒe 2020 me la, dɔwɔnu si nye TikTok zãlawo de dzesii be edze abe nya siwo woŋlɔ tso BLM alo kpovitɔwo ƒe Ameyibɔwo wuwu nyitsɔ laa ŋu ɣla ene, si nye nuwɔna si woyɔna be &quot;shadow banning (vɔvɔli ƒe mɔxexeɖedɔ).&quot; Emegbe TikTok ɖe kuku, eye wòbu fɔ nyaa ɖe mɔ̃ɖaŋukuxi aɖe ta.[13]

=== Dunyahehe me Afɔɖeɖe ===

Zi geɖe la, Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie (BLM) habɔbɔa zãa afɔɖeɖe tẽ abe tsitretsiɖeŋu kple kpekpewo ene tsɔ naa amewo dzea ŋgɔ ameƒomevinyenye ƒe madzɔmadzɔnyenye ƒe nyawo. Woƒe taɖodzinue nye be yewoahe vevesese si sɔ gbɔ ale gbegbe be womate ŋu aŋe aɖaba aƒu nya siawo dzi o. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, BLM wɔ &quot;die-ins&quot; gɔ̃ hã, afisi gomekpɔlawo wɔa abe ɖe woku ene, abe esi wowɔ le ƒe 2015 Twin Cities Marathon me ene. 

Le woƒe wɔwɔfiawo me la, BLM zãa nya sẽŋu vovovowo tsɔ gblɔa woƒe gbedasia. Esiawo dometɔ aɖewoe nye &quot;Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie,&quot; tsɔ kpe ɖe nyagbewo abe &quot;Asiwo yi dzi, mègada tu o&quot; (si nye nya si wogblɔ tso Michael Brown ŋu, togbɔ be woʋli nya le eƒe nyateƒetoto ŋu emegbe hã), &quot;Nyemate ŋu agbɔ ya o&quot; (si ƒo nu tso Eric Garner kple emegbe George Floyd ŋu), &quot;Yevuwo ƒe ɖoɖoezizi nye ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ,&quot; &quot;Dzɔdzɔenyenye aɖeke meli o, ŋutifafa aɖeke meli o,&quot; kple &quot;Ðe vinyea kplɔe ɖo?&quot; 

Numekuku aɖe si wowɔ le ƒe 2018 me ɖee fia be Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋuwo dzɔna le teƒe siwo kpovitɔwo wu Ameyibɔ geɖe wu, si ɖee fia be kadodo si dze ƒã le kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ƒe nudzɔdzɔ siwo dzɔna le nutoa me kple habɔbɔa ƒe dɔwɔnawo dome.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Williamson, Vanessa; Trump, Kris-Stella; Einstein, Katherine Levine (2018). &quot;[[doi:10.1017/S1537592717004273|Black Lives Matter: Evidence that Police-Caused Deaths Predict Protest Activity]]&quot;. ''Perspectives on Politics''. '''16''' (2): 400–415. doi:1[[doi:10.1017/S1537592717004273|0.1017/S1537592717004273]]. ISSN 1537-5927.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nyadzɔdzɔgblɔmɔnuwo, hadzidzi kple dekɔnuwo ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi bubuwo ===
Tso esime wòdze egɔme le ƒe 2013 me kple hashtag #BlackLivesMatter la, woɖea habɔbɔa fiana eye woƒoa nu tso eŋu le nyadzɔdzɔgblɔmɔnu geɖewo abe sinimawo, hadzidziwo, TV dzi wɔnawo, agbalẽwo, kple aɖaŋudɔwo me. Nyadzɔdzɔdɔwɔƒe geɖe hã le nyatakaka siwo ku ɖe ameƒomevinyenye ƒe madzɔmadzɔnyenye kple Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ƒe habɔbɔa ŋu la mam. Le nyateƒe me la, agbalẽ siwo wota, agbalẽwo, kple television dzi wɔna siwo ku ɖe nyati siawo ŋu va xɔ ŋkɔ ŋutɔ le ƒe 2020. Wozã hawo abe Michael Jackson ƒe &quot;They Don't Care About Us&quot; kple Kendrick Lamar ƒe &quot;Alright&quot; gɔ̃ hã geɖe tsɔ de dzo amewo me le tsitretsiɖeŋunyawo me.

Woɖe ʋuʋua fia le sinima aɖewo koŋ me hã. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, nuŋlɔɖi kpui si nye &quot;Bars4Justice&quot; la lɔ ʋiʋlilawo kple nutala siwo do ƒome kple Black Lives Matter ɖe eme eye wotiae gɔ̃ hã na Ƒe Sia Ƒe ƒe Pan Afrika Sinimawɔƒe ƒe Ŋkekenyui 24 lia. Sinima bubu si nye &quot;Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement,&quot; nye ƒe 2016 ƒe TV dzi nuŋlɔɖi si me Jesse Williams nye akpa vevi aɖe le si ƒo nu tso habɔbɔa ŋu.

Le sinimawo godo la, wova de dzesi Black Lives Matter le nyadzɔdzɔgblɔmɔ̃ bubuwo me. Essence magazine ƒe February 2015 ƒe tata tsɔ eƒe akpa dzi kple emenyawo na habɔbɔa. Azɔ hã, le December 2015 me la, BLM nye hoʋlila sesẽ aɖe na Time magazine ƒe Ƒea ƒe Ame Nyuitɔ ƒe kafukafu, eye wòxɔ nɔƒe enelia le ame enyi siwo di be yewoaxɔ ɖoƒea dome.

Le United States  la, du geɖe ɖee fia be yewole megbe na Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie to gli gã siwo nye &quot;Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie&quot; tata ɖe woƒe ablɔwo dzi tẽ. Àte ŋu akpɔ nukpɔkpɔ sẽŋu siawo le teƒewo abe Washington, D.C., Dallas, Denver, Charlotte, Seattle, Brooklyn, Los Angeles, kple Birmingham, Alabama ene.

Le nudzɔdzɔ ɖedzesi aɖe si dzɔ le May 9, 2016 dzi me la, Delrish Moss va zu Afrika Amerika kpovitɔwo ƒe amegã gbãtɔ le Ferguson, Missouri. Ekpɔe dze sii be dɔ geɖe le ye ŋgɔ, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye be yeana kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔƒea nanye ame vovovowo, yeana ƒomedodo nyuiwo tutuɖo kple nutoa me tɔwo, eye yeakpɔ kuxi siwo tututu na Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie habɔbɔa dze egɔme le gɔmedzedzea me la gbɔ.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2016/05/09/us/ap-us-killings-by-police-ferguson-the-latest.html New Ferguson Police Chief Sworn In], ''The New York Times'', May 9, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nutsotso siwo nye be kpovitɔwo zã ŋusẽ si gbɔ eme ===
Numekuku geɖe ku ɖe alesi ameƒomevi vovovowo wɔa nu kple kpovitɔwo kple zi nenie wozãa ŋusẽ ŋu.

Tso ƒe 2002 va ɖo ƒe 2011 me la, numekuku aɖe si Bureau of Justice Statistics wɔ ɖee fia be Ameyibɔwo (2.8%) xɔe se wu Yevuwo (1.0%) kple Hispaniatɔwo (1.4%) be kpovitɔwo zã ŋusẽ si mewu ame o fũ akpa.

The Washington Post gblɔ be kpovitɔwo le United States da tu ame 1,001 hewu wo le ƒe 2019. Ame siwo wowu la dometɔ siwo ade afã nye Yevuwo, eye wo dometɔ enelia nye Ameyibɔwo. Esia fia be le Amerikatɔ Ameyibɔ miliɔn ɖesiaɖe me la, kpovitɔwo ƒe tudada wu ame 31, si wu Amerikatɔ Yevuwo ƒe teƒe eve (13 le miliɔn ɖesiaɖe me). Washington Post hã ka nya ta be kpovitɔwo da tu Amerikatɔ Ameyibɔ 13 siwo metsɔ tu o hewu wo le ƒe 2019 me.

Numekuku aɖe si Cody Ross wɔ le ƒe 2015 me le UC Davis ɖee fia be vovototo gã aɖe le kpovitɔwo ƒe Amerikatɔ Ameyibɔ siwo metsɔ tu o wuwu me ne wotsɔe sɔ kple Amerikatɔ Yevu siwo metsɔ tu o. Numekuku sia ɖee fia be kpovitɔwo da tu Ameyibɔ siwo metsɔ tu o zi gbɔ zi 3.49 wu Yevu siwo metsɔ tu o, eye le nuto aɖewo me la, afɔku sia ate ŋu asɔ gbɔ wu zi gbɔ zi 20 sɔŋ. Numekukua de dzesii hã be woda tu Ameyibɔ siwo tsɔ tu ɖe asi zi gbɔ zi 2.79 wu Ameyibɔ siwo metsɔ tu o. Vevietɔ la, numekuku sia ƒo nya ta be womate ŋu atsɔ vovototo si le nutoa me nuvlowɔwɔ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ me aɖe ameƒomevinyenye ƒe akpaɖekedzimademade le kpovitɔwo ƒe tudada me si wokpɔ le nutoa me la me o.

Gake numekuku siwo wowɔ tso nya sia ŋu ate ŋu ato vovo. Numekuku aɖe si Cesario kple exɔlɔ̃wo wɔ le ƒe 2019 me. do susua ɖa be esi wobu nuvlowɔwɔ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ŋu vɔ la, kpeɖodzi si me kɔ aɖeke meli si fia be vovototo le ameyibɔwo dome le kpovitɔwo ƒe tudada siwo wua ame me o, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye esiwo ku ɖe dumevi siwo metsɔ tu o alo amenyenye vodadatɔe ŋu o. Gake, ƒe 2020 me numekuku aɖe si Cody Ross et al. melɔ̃ ɖe alesi Cesario et al. numekukua ku eƒe nyatakakawo me. Esi Ross et al. ƒo nya ta be ameƒomevinyenye ƒe akpaɖekedzimademade ɖedzesi aɖe li vavã ne kpovitɔwo da tu Ameyibɔ siwo ŋu wole ɖi kem le siwo metsɔ tu o, gake womekpɔa akpaɖekedzimademade sia ne ame siwo ŋu wole ɖi kem le la tsɔ tu o.

[[File:Police killings in the USA in 2018.svg|thumb|250px|right|Map depicting rates of police killings by state in the United States in 2018]]
Numekuku aɖe si Harvard gaŋutinunyala Roland Fryer wɔ la lé ŋku ɖe kpovitɔwo ƒe gododo ŋu eye wòkpɔe be Ameyibɔ kple Hispaniatɔ ɖekaɖekawo ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ si mewu ame o tso kpovitɔwo gbɔ 50% wu. Gake le kpovitɔwo ƒe tudada si he ku vɛ gome la, mekpɔ ameƒomevinyenye ƒe vovototo aɖeke le nu bubu vovovowo ŋu bubu vɔ megbe o.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fryer |first=Roland |title=An Empirical Analysis of Racial Differences in Police Use of Force |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/fryer/publications/empirical-analysis-racial-differences-police-use-force |journal=Journal of Political Economy }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le vovo me la, ƒe 2019 ƒe numekuku aɖe si wota ɖe PNAS me ƒo nya ta le gɔmedzedzea me be le nyateƒe me la, kpovitɔwo mewu Ameyibɔwo boo o wu Yevuwo, le alesi ameyibɔwo kuna le kpovitɔwo ƒe gododowo me nu. Gake agbalẽa ŋlɔlawo he agbalẽ sia ɖe megbe emegbe. Woɖe eme be togbɔ be yewoƒe nyatakakawo kple mɔnuwo nyo na ŋkuléle ɖe alesi kpovitɔ aɖe ƒe nɔnɔme do ƒome kple ameƒomevi si woda tu hewui ŋu hã la, yewoƒe numekukua menyo ale gbegbe be woatsɔ aɖo eŋu ŋutɔŋutɔ nenye be ameƒomevinyenye ƒe akpaɖekedzimademade le mɔnukpɔkpɔ si li be kpovitɔwo nada tu ame aɖe wòaku, alo le kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me le goawo katã me o. Wogblɔ be wozã yewoƒe dɔa tsɔ da asi ɖe susu si nye be ameŋkumenuwɔwɔ mawo tɔgbe aɖeke meli o dzi, si menye nusi yewoƒe numekukua ɖo kpe edzi ŋutɔŋutɔ o.

Numekuku bubu ɖee fia be nyataƒoƒo aɖewo siwo woƒo do ŋgɔ ku ɖe kpovitɔwo ƒe amewuwu ŋu la flua ame le nane si woyɔna be Simpson ƒe nya si tsi tre ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu ta. Esia fia be togbɔ be adze abe ɖe wowua Yevuwo zi geɖe le kpovitɔwo ƒe gododowo me ene hã la, numekukua ʋli nya be Ameyibɔwo gakpɔtɔ le vovototodedeameme me tom elabena kadodo geɖe wu nɔ wo kple kpovitɔwo dome le gɔmedzedzea me, zi geɖe la, esia tsoa ɖoɖowɔɖi ƒe nya siwo kaka ta. Wotɔa wo enuenu le nuvlowɔwɔ suewo alo nuvlowɔwɔ aɖeke kura gɔ̃ hã ta. To vovo na ema la, Yevuwo mewɔa nu kple kpovitɔwo zi geɖe o, eye ne wowɔe la, zi geɖe la, enyea nuvlowɔwɔ siwo nu sẽ wu, abe tudada ene, afisi kpovitɔwo zãa ŋusẽ le wu. Numekuku sia ke ɖo kpe nusiwo ŋu numekulawo abe Ross kple Fryer ke ɖo dzi, eye wògblɔ be ŋkuléle ɖe amesiwo kuna ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ bliboa ŋu (si fia be ame agbɔsɔsɔme si kpovitɔwo wu tso ƒuƒoƒo aɖe me le woƒe amewo katã dome) kpena ɖe ame ŋu wu ŋkuléle ɖe amesiwo kuna le kpovitɔwo ƒe gododo me ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme ŋu ko.

=== Kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ si mesɔ o le Black Lives Matter nudzɔdzɔwo ŋu ===

Ɣeaɖewoɣi la, Black Lives Matter ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋulawo dzea ŋgɔ nya si tututu ŋu wole nu ƒom tsoe: kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ fũ akpa. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, le May 2020 me la, menye ɖeko kpovitɔwo wɔ nu ɖe ​​tsitretsiɖeŋulawo ŋu ko o, ke wodɔ asrafoha 43,350 hã ɖa be woakpɔ Black Lives Matter ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋulawo gbɔ le dukɔa me godoo. Wozã asrafowo ƒe yameʋu siwo léa ŋku ɖe nu ŋu gɔ̃ hã le tsitretsiɖeŋu siwo wowɔ emegbe me.

Eteƒekpɔlawo, siwo dome U.S. Dukplɔla Joe Biden hã le, ɖee fia be zi geɖe la, ɖusimeʋawɔlawo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo siwo me ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ le, abe U.S. Capitol dzi dzedze le ƒe 2021 me ene, mekpɔa kpovitɔwo ƒe vava boo o eye woɖea dzi ɖi wu ne wotsɔe sɔ kple Black Lives Matter ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋu siwo wowɔ le ŋutifafa me. Nudzɔdzɔ aɖewo hã li siwo me sedzikpɔlawo ɖe akpaɖekedzimademade fia; le kpɔɖeŋu me, le November 2015 me la, woɖe kpovitɔ aɖe le Oregon le ablɔdzidɔ me esi wòŋlɔ nya ɖe hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒewo be ele be &quot;yeakpɔ bometsila siawo dzi&quot; le nuƒoƒo tso BLM wɔna aɖe si ŋu wowɔ ɖoɖo ɖo ŋu.

Gakpe ɖe eŋu la, nyatakaka aɖe si tso Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Ŋuti Habɔbɔ gbɔ le August 2021 me gblɔ be U.S. dukɔa ƒe dziɖuɖua ɖoe koŋ tɔ ŋku Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋulawo le ƒe 2020 ƒe dzomeŋɔli. Taɖodzinuae nye be yeagblẽ habɔbɔa me ahaɖe dzi le eƒo. Nyatakakaa ɖe eme be nusiwo ŋu yeke ɖo ɖo kpe nusi Ameyibɔ ɖoɖowɔlawo &quot;nya ɣeyiɣi didi aɖee nye sia&quot; le alesi dziɖuɖua wɔa nu ɖe ​​ameƒomevinyenye ƒe dzɔdzɔenyenye ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋuwo kple dɔwɔna siwo do ƒome kplii ŋu le mɔ vovovowo nu ŋu.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/feds-targeted-blm-protesters-attempt-disrupt-movement-report-says-rcna1717 Feds targeted BLM protesters in attempt to disrupt movement, report says]&quot;. ''NBC News''. Associated Press. August 19, 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210819183714/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/feds-targeted-blm-protesters-attempt-disrupt-movement-report-says-rcna1717 Archived] from the original on August 19, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Black Lives Matter protest against St. Paul police brutality (21552673186).jpg|thumb|Black Lives Matter protest on September 20, 2015, against police brutality in [[St. Paul, Minnesota]]]]

== Nya siawo tsoƒe ==</text>
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      <text bytes="34909" sha1="s7rz3ev8brsjyeb4w6fzpv7fvk8dxnz" xml:space="preserve">Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ('''Black Lives Matter''') nye habɔbɔ si keke ta si di be yeaɖe alesi Ameyibɔwo kpɔa ameƒomevinyenye kple nuwɔwɔ madzɔmadzɔe la afia. &lt;ref&gt;Smith, Robert (2021). &quot;Black Lives Matter&quot;. ''Encyclopedia of African-American Politics, Third Edition''. New York: Facts on File. pp. 122–126. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-9939-9|ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-1-4381-9939-9&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt;Eƒonɛ ɖe ameƒomevinyenye ƒe vovototodedeameme hã nu, si fia be woawɔ avu kple ameƒomevinyenye veviedodotɔe.

kpovitɔwo ƒe nuvevi wɔwɔ Ameyibɔwo kple ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ɖe Ameyibɔwo ŋu le woƒe ameƒomevinyenye ta koŋ ŋue habɔbɔa ku ɖo. BLM dze egɔme elabena wowu amewo abe Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown, Eric Garner, kple Rekia Boyd ene.

Zi geɖe la, ƒuƒoƒo siwo do ƒome kple BLM biaa se yeyewo be woakpe ɖe Ameyibɔwo ŋu woavo eye woana ʋɔnudrɔ̃ɖoɖoa nanyo ɖe edzi.

Togbɔ be ƒuƒoƒo aɖewo koŋ li siwo ŋkɔe nye &quot;Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie&quot; hã la, kplɔla ɖeka koe kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe habɔbɔa ŋutɔ dzi o. Enye akpa vovovo geɖewo ƒe kadodo. Nyagbɔgblɔ si nye &quot;Black Lives Matter&quot; menye ame aɖeke tɔ o.

Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie (BLM) habɔbɔa dze egɔme le ƒe 2013. Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, kple Ayọ Tometi ye dze egɔme. Wowɔ hashtag #BlackLivesMatter le hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒewo esi woɖe asi le George Zimmerman ŋu le tudada Trayvon Martin, si nye Afrika-Amerika ƒewuivi aɖe si wòku me vɔ megbe.

BLM xɔ dukɔa ƒe susu le ƒe 2014 me to ablɔdzi tsitretsiɖeŋuwo me. Ðeɖefia siawo kplɔ Afrika-Amerikatɔ eve bubuwo ƒe ku ɖo: Michael Brown le Ferguson, Missouri (si na ame geɖe tsi tre ɖe eŋu), kple Eric Garner le New York City. Tso esime Ferguson tsi tre ɖe eŋu la, BLM ƒe ʋiʋlilawo yi edzi le tsitre tsim ɖe Afrika-Amerikatɔ bubu geɖe ƒe ku ŋu le kpovitɔwo ƒe nuwɔnawo me alo esime wonɔ kpovitɔwo ƒe gaxɔ me. Le ƒe 2015 ƒe dzomeŋɔli la, BLM ƒe ʋiʋlilawo hã va ƒo wo ɖokui ɖe ƒe 2016 U.S. dukplɔla ƒe tiatia me.&lt;ref name=eligon&gt;{{cite web |last=Eligon |first=John |date=November 18, 2015 |title=One Slogan, Many Methods: Black Lives Matter Enters Politics |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/19/us/one-slogan-many-methods-black-lives-matter-enters-politics.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=December 18, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dukɔwo ƒe susu va nɔ habɔbɔ sia ŋu le ƒe 2020. Esia tso xexeame katã ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋu siwo kplɔ George Floyd si Minneapolis kpovitɔ Derek Chauvin wuwu ɖo gbɔ. Wobu akɔnta be ame miliɔn 15 va ɖo 26 ye kpɔ gome le BLM ƒe ʋiʋliwo me le United States, si wɔe be wònye tsitretsiɖeŋuha gãtɔ kekeake siwo wowɔ le dukɔa ƒe ŋutinya me la dometɔ ɖeka. Togbɔ be tsitretsiɖeŋula aɖewo gblɔ be BLM ƒe wɔwɔfiawo nye ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ hã la, wo dometɔ akpa gãtɔ nye ŋutifafa.

Kpekpeɖeŋunana Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie la trɔ le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe, vevietɔ le Amerikatɔ yevuwo dome. Le ƒe 2020 me la, U.S. ame tsitsi 67% da asi ɖe habɔbɔa dzi, gake xexlẽme sia ɖiɖi va ɖo 51% le ƒe 2023. Gake kpekpeɖeŋu si le ameyibɔwo dome la gakpɔtɔ sẽ ŋu. Le ƒe 2023 me la, Afrika Amerikatɔwo ƒe 81%, Hispaniatɔwo ƒe 61%, kple Asia Amerikatɔwo ƒe 63% ɖee fia be yewole megbe na BLM.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last1=Buchanan |first1=Larry |last2=Bui |first2=Quoctrung |last3=Patel |first3=Jugal K. |date=July 3, 2020 |title=Black Lives Matter May Be the Largest Movement in U.S. History |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/07/03/us/george-floyd-protests-crowd-size.html|access-date=July 3, 2020 |issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite being characterized by opponents as violent, the overwhelming majority of BLM demonstrations have been peaceful.&lt;ref&gt;Sources:

* {{cite news|last1=Udoma|first1=Ebong|title=UConn Study: At Least 96% of Black Lives Matter Protests Were Peaceful|url=https://www.wshu.org/news/2020-10-19/uconn-study-at-least-96-of-black-lives-matter-protests-were-peaceful|date=October 19, 2020|publisher=WSHU-FM}}
* {{cite news|title=This summer's Black Lives Matter protesters were overwhelmingly peaceful, our research finds|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/10/16/this-summers-black-lives-matter-protesters-were-overwhelming-peaceful-our-research-finds/|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=October 16, 2020|author1=Erica Chenoweth|author2=Jeremy Pressman}}
* {{cite news|title='A fanciful reality': Trump claims Black Lives Matter protests are violent, but the majority are peaceful|url=https://www.usatoday.com/in-depth/news/nation/2020/10/24/trump-claims-blm-protests-violent-but-majority-peaceful/3640564001/|work=USA Today|date=October 24, 2020|author1=Grace Hauck|author2=Trevor Hughes|author3=Omar Abdel-Baqui|author4=Ricardo Torres|author5=Hayes Gardner}}
* {{cite news|last1=Watson|first1=Julie|title=Comparison between Capitol siege, BLM protests is denounced|url=https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-capitol-siege-race-and-ethnicity-violence-racial-injustice-afd7dc2165f355a3e6dc4e9418019eb5|publisher=Associated Press|date=January 14, 2021}}
* {{cite news|last1=Corley|first1=Cheryl|title=Black Lives Matter Fights Disinformation To Keep The Movement Strong|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/05/25/999841030/black-lives-matter-fights-disinformation-to-keep-the-movement-strong|publisher=National Public Radio|date=May 25, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== BLM Dɔwɔɖoɖo Kple Ðoɖowɔwɔ ==

=== Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbe Le Vevie: Habɔbɔ, Kple Nyagbɔgblɔ ===
Gɔmesese vovovowo le nyagbɔgblɔ &quot;Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie&quot; ŋu. Ate ŋu afia hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒe ƒe hashtag, nyagbɔgblɔ, hadomehabɔbɔ si keke ta, dunyahehe me afɔɖeɖe ƒe kɔmiti, alo ƒuƒoƒo siwo le dɔ wɔm ɖe ameƒomevinyenye ƒe dzɔdzɔenyenye ta ƒe ƒuƒoƒo.

Abe habɔbɔ ene la, Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie nye ame siwo le gbe me eye wole ɖoɖo nu. Esia fia be eƒe susu nɔa nutoa me ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ŋu tsɔ wu be dukɔa ƒe ŋgɔnɔla ɖeka nanɔ esi. Dɔwɔɖoɖo sia to vovo na Ameyibɔwo ƒe habɔbɔ siwo nɔ anyi do ŋgɔ, abe Dukɔmeviwo ƒe Gomenɔamesiwo Ŋuti Habɔbɔ si nɔ anyi le ƒe 1950 kple 60 ƒeawo me ene. Dɔwɔla DeRay McKesson de dzesii be amesiame si da asi ɖe nukpɔsusu si nye be Ameyibɔwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ le vevie dzi le dutoƒo eye wòtsɔa woƒe ɣeyiɣi ɖoa eŋu la hã le habɔbɔa me.&lt;ref name=&quot;tags_BLM&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Freelon |first1=Deen |last2=McIlwain |first2=Charlton D. |last3=Clark |first3=Meredith D. |title=Beyond the Hashtags |url=http://cmsimpact.org/resource/beyond-hashtags-ferguson-blacklivesmatter-online-struggle-offline-justice/ |date=February 29, 2016 |publisher=Center for Media and Social Impact |type=PDF |page=9 |access-date=December 18, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le ƒe 2013 me la, Patrisse Cullors, Alicia Garza, kple Ayọ Tometi ɖo Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ƒe Habɔbɔ. Garza ɖe eme be network sia nye internet dzi mɔnu aɖe si dzi woato ana gɔmeɖose kple taɖodzinu siwo wozãna ɖekae la ʋiʋlilawo. Wokpɔ mɔ be Local Black Lives Matter ƒe tawo nawɔ ɖe mɔfiame siawo dzi gake woawɔ dɔ le wo ɖokui si. Womekpɔa titina ƒe ɖoɖo alo ɖoƒe si woɖo ɖe ɖoɖo nu o. Garza gblɔ be Network la metsɔ ɖeke le &quot;kpovitɔwo ƒe amesiwo nye habɔbɔa me tɔ kple amesiwo menye habɔbɔa ƒe akpa aɖeke o&quot; me o. Le ƒe 2021 me la, ta siwo ade 40 ye nɔ United States kple Canada katã.

Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Vevie ƒe ɖoɖo si wowɔna le teƒe vovovowo la he tɔtɔ vɛ ɣeaɖewoɣi. Zi geɖe la, wogblɔna vodadatɔe be nuwɔna alo nya siwo ta ɖekaɖekawo alo amewo gblɔ la tso &quot;Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie&quot; habɔbɔ bliboa gbɔ. Abe alesi Matt Pearce si le Los Angeles Times gblɔe ene la, &quot;nyaawo ate ŋu anye dunyahehe me ɣlidodo si wotsɔ ƒoa ƒui alo wole nu ƒom tso habɔbɔ si le ʋiʋlilawo ŋu. Alo ate ŋu anye ŋkɔ si wozãna le mɔ si me kɔ o si wozãna tsɔ ɖɔa tsitretsiɖeŋu kple dzeɖoɖo vovovo siwo ku ɖe ameƒomevi vovovowo ƒe tasɔsɔmasɔ ŋu.&quot; Togbɔ be ele alea hã la, zi ɖeka ya teti la, ame aɖe si woɖe fia be enye BLM Global Network ƒe Dɔdzikpɔlagã ɖe gbeƒã nya aɖe le se nu ɖe ​​habɔbɔ ma teƒe.

=== Ʋuʋu si keke ta wu ===
Le ƒe 2015 me la, Johnetta Elzie, DeRay Mckesson, Brittany Packnett, kple Samuel Sinyangwe dze Dɔwɔha Zero gɔme. Afɔɖeɖe sia ku ɖe asitɔtrɔ le ɖoɖowo ŋu be woatsɔ atɔ te kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ŋu. Campaign Zero ɖe ɖoɖo si me nya ewo le ɖe go hena kpovitɔwo ƒe ɖɔɖɔɖo. Woƒe aɖaŋuɖoɖowo dometɔ aɖewoe nye:

* &quot;Fesre gbagbãwo&quot; kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ (aɖaŋu si woɖo taɖodzinu na agɔdzedze suewo) nuwuwu.
* Nutoa me tɔwo ƒe ŋkuléle ɖe kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔƒewo ŋu ƒe dzidziɖedzi.
* Se sesẽwo toto vɛ na alesi kpovitɔwo zãa ŋusẽe.

Gake aʋawɔla aɖewo, abe alesi John Eligon si le The New York Times ka nya tae ene, tsi dzi be Campaign Zero ƒe susu nɔ sewo ŋu akpa be woatsɔ akpɔ kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ gbɔe.

Le kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ɖeɖeko megbe la, Black Lives Matter habɔbɔa doa alɔ nu bubuwo hã. Esiawo dometɔ aɖewoe nye LGBTQ+ ƒe ʋiʋli, nyɔnuwo ƒe nyaʋiʋli, amedzrowo ƒe ɖɔɖɔɖo, kple ganyawo ƒe dzɔdzɔenyenye.

'''Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie Taʋliha'''

The Movement for Black Lives (Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Ŋuti Habɔbɔ, M4BL) nye habɔbɔ gã aɖe si me habɔbɔ siwo wu 50 le siwo wɔa dɔ tsɔ doa alɔ Ameyibɔwo ƒe nuto siwo le United States katã. Ame vevi siwo le eme dometɔ aɖewoe nye Black Lives Matter Network, Dukɔa ƒe Ameyibɔ Senyalawo ƒe Takpekpe, kple Ella Baker Amegbetɔ ƒe Gomenɔamesiwo Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe. Ƒuƒoƒowo abe Color of Change kple PolicyLink hã da megbe na M4BL, si xɔa kadodo kple aɖaŋuɖoɖo ƒe kpekpeɖeŋu tso habɔbɔ aɖe si woyɔna be Blackbird gbɔ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Ransby|first=Barbara|date=October 21, 2017|title=Opinion {{!}} Black Lives Matter Is Democracy in Action|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/21/opinion/sunday/black-lives-matter-leadership.html|access-date=April 25, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le George Floyd wuwu megbe la, M4BL to BREATHE Act vɛ. Se sia si wodo ɖa la bia be woawɔ tɔtrɔ gãwo le kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye ga xɔdzo le kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔƒewo eye woatsɔe ade nutoa me nunɔamesiwo me tẽ kple mɔ yeye siwo dzi woato awɔ nu ɖe ​​nɔnɔme kpatawo ŋu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |agency=Associated Press|date=July 7, 2020|title=Movement for Black Lives Seeks Sweeping Legislative Changes|work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/07/07/us/ap-us-black-lives-matter-legislation.html|access-date=July 8, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Byrd|first=Jessica|title=The Genius of Resilience: Toward a New, Black National Convention|url=https://www.theroot.com/the-genius-of-resilience-toward-a-new-black-national-1844367817|access-date=July 18, 2020|website=The Root|date=July 14, 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

M4BL hã ʋlia:

* Decarceration: Ame siwo le gaxɔ me ƒe xexlẽme dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ.
* Teƒeɖoɖo: Nusiwo kluvinyenye kple nuwɔna madzɔmadzɔwo abe fli dzĩwo tsɔtsɔ ɖo aƒewo me ene gblẽ va yi gbɔ kpɔkpɔ.
* Ame gbogbowo ƒe ŋkuléle ɖe ame ŋu nu nuwuwu.
* Gadede dukɔa ƒe hehenana me ɖe gaxɔwo teƒe.
* Nutoa me tɔwo ƒe kpovitɔwo dzi ɖuɖu: Ŋusẽ nana nutoa me tɔwo be woaxɔ kpovitɔwo ɖe dɔ me, aɖe wo le dɔ me, eye woahe to na wo, woayɔ kpovitɔwo, eye woakpɔ kpovitɔwo ƒe gakpekpeɖeŋu dzi.

M4BL do go zi gbãtɔ le July 24, 2015 dzi, le Cleveland Dukɔa ƒe Yunivɛsiti. Ame siwo ade 1,500 va ɖo 2,000 ye ƒo ƒu be yewoadzro alesi woawɔ abia akɔnta sedzikpɔlawo le dukɔa me godoo me. Takpekpe sia na woɖo hadomehabɔbɔ si lolo wu sã. Kaka July 26 naɖo la, M4BL dze agbagbadzedze si xɔ ƒe ɖeka be yeaƒo nutoa me kple dukɔa ƒe ƒuƒoƒowo nu ƒu be woaɖo &quot;United Front&quot; gɔme. Agbagbadzedze sia na woɖo taɖodzinuwo, nudidiwo, kple ɖoɖo siwo me kɔ siwo ƒe taɖodzinue nye be woakpɔ &quot;ablɔɖe&quot; gbɔ na Ameyibɔwo ƒe nutoawo le Amerika katã.

Le ƒe 2016 me la, Ford Foundation ɖe gbeƒã ƒe ade ƒe ɖoɖo si wowɔ be woatsɔ akpɔ ga na M4BL, awɔ ɖeka kple ame bubuwo atsɔ awɔ Habɔbɔ si Ameyibɔwo kplɔna. Washington Times ka nya ta be Ford Foundation kple nunala bubuwo tsɔ dɔlar miliɔn 100 na M4BL le ƒe 2016 me (si ƒe home ade dɔlar miliɔn 131 le ƒe 2024 me). Wogblɔ be Open Society Foundations hã tsɔ dɔlar miliɔn 33 (si ade dɔlar miliɔn 43 egbea) na M4BL.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=August 2, 2016 |title=Slavery reparations sought in first Black Lives Matter agenda |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-politics-race-idUSKCN10C3E1|access-date=June 3, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 1, 2016 |title=Black Lives Matter Releases Policy Demands, Includes Reparations And Abolishing The Death Penalty |url=https://populardemocracy.org/news-and-publications/black-lives-matter-releases-policy-demands-includes-reparations-and-abolishing|access-date=June 3, 2020 |website=The Center for Popular Democracy}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Gakpekpeɖeŋunana'''

Le ƒe 2015 me la, Politico ka nya ta be Democracy Alliance, si nye Democratic Party ƒe nunala ƒe ƒuƒoƒo aɖe, ɖoe be yewoado go kple habɔbɔ siwo doa alɔ Black Lives Matter habɔbɔa ƒe ŋgɔnɔlawo. Solidaire, si nye nunala ƒe ƒuƒoƒo si ƒe susu nɔ &quot;habɔbɔ tutuɖo&quot; ŋu eye Leah Hunt-Hendrix (amesi hã nye Demokrasi Nubabla ƒe akpa aɖe) nɔ ŋgɔ na, ​​tsɔ ga si wu dɔlar 200,000 na Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie habɔbɔa xoxo kaka ƒe ma naɖo.

The Economist ka nya ta be le May kple December 2020 dome la, nudzɔdzɔ siwo wowɔ na nusiwo ku ɖe Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ŋu la ƒe ƒuƒoƒo si wobu be enye dɔlar biliɔn 10.6 (anɔ abe dɔlar biliɔn 13 ene le ƒe 2024 me).

Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation, si nye habɔbɔ vevi aɖe si wɔa ɖoɖo ɖe agbagbadzedzewo ŋu le dukɔa me godoo, ɖe gbeƒãe be yewofɔ dɔlar miliɔn 90 le ƒe 2020 me (anɔ abe dɔlar miliɔn 109 ene le ƒe 2024 me). Esia ƒe akpa gã aɖe tso ame ɖekaɖekawo ƒe nudzɔdzɔwo le Internet dzi me, eye nudzɔdzɔ si wodzɔna le mama dedie nu nye dɔlar 30.76 (anɔ abe dɔlar 37.37 ene egbea).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=April 20, 2021|title=AP Exclusive: Black Lives Matter opens up about its finances|url=https://apnews.com/article/black-lives-matter-90-million-finances-8a80cad199f54c0c4b9e74283d27366f|access-date=May 26, 2021|website=AP NEWS}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=2020 Impact Report - Black Lives Matter|work=Black Lives Matter|url=https://blacklivesmatter.com/2020-impact-report/|access-date=May 26, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Aɖaŋu kple aɖaŋu siwo wozãna'''

Le gɔmedzedzea me la, Black Lives Matter ɖo ame geɖe gbɔ kaba to hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒewo zazã me, vevietɔ to hashtags dzi. Le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe la, habɔbɔa va zã tsitretsiɖeŋumɔnu vovovowo.

Black Lives Matter ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋu akpa gãtɔ nye ŋutifafatɔe. Ne ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ dzɔ nyateƒe la, zi geɖe la, amewo ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋu ɖe habɔbɔa ŋu gbɔe wòtsona. Togbɔ be ele alea hã la, amesiwo tsi tre ɖe Black Lives Matter ŋu ​​dzea agbagba enuenu be yewoana habɔbɔa nadze abe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ene.

'''Internet kple hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒewo'''

Hashtag #BlackLivesMatter va zu dɔwɔnu sẽŋu aɖe na habɔbɔa kabakaba.

Le ƒe 2014 me la:

* Amerikatɔwo ƒe Gbegbɔgblɔ Habɔbɔ tia #BlackLivesMatter be wòanye yewoƒe nya si wozãna le ƒea me.
* ''Yes! Magazine'' Magazine yɔe be hashtag wuieve siwo trɔ xexeame la dometɔ ɖeka.

Hashtag la zazã va do gã ɖe edzi le hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒewo:

* Tso July 2013 va ɖo May 2018 la, woŋlɔ #BlackLivesMatter ɖe Twitter dzi zi gbɔ zi miliɔn 30 kple edzivɔ, eye woŋlɔe ɖe Twitter dzi zi gbɔ zi 17,002 gbesiagbe le mamã dedie nu.
* Kaka June 10, 2020 naɖo la, woɖoe ɖe Twitter dzi abe zi miliɔn 47.8 ene.
* Ɣeyiɣi si wozãe wue nye July 7 kple 17, 2016 dome, eye ame 500,000 kloe ye ŋlɔa nyatakakawo ɖe Twitter dzi gbesiagbe. Le ɣeyiɣi sia me la, tweet siwo zãa &quot;#BlueLivesMatter&quot; kple &quot;#AllLivesMatter&quot; hã dzi ɖe edzi.
* Le May 28, 2020 dzi la, hashtag la kpɔ tweet miliɔn 8.8 kloe, eye gbesiagbe ƒe mamã dedie dzi ɖe edzi va ɖo miliɔn 3.7.

Gake tudada Dallas kpovitɔwo le ƒe 2016 me na be amewo bu nukpɔsusu gbegblẽ geɖe wu le habɔbɔa ŋu le Internet dzi. Le wɔna sia megbe la, #BlackLivesMatter ƒe tweet 39% ɖe tsitretsitsi ɖe habɔbɔa ŋu fia, eye ame geɖe do ƒome kple ƒuƒoƒoa kple ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ eye woyɔ wo gɔ̃ hã be ŋɔdzidonamelawo.

Khadijah White, si nye nufialagã le Rutgers Yunivɛsiti, xɔe se be BLM he aʋawɔwɔ ƒe ƒutsotsoe yeye aɖe vɛ le Ameyibɔ yunivɛsiti sukuviwo dome. Alesi wòle bɔbɔe be woalé kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ƒe video siwo me woɖea nɔnɔmetatawo le ɖe mɔ̃ dzi ahama wo ɖe hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒewo la na amewo va le ŋgɔ yim le xexeame katã. Hashtag sia zazã le afisiafi hã he dunyahela siwo le ɖoƒe kɔkɔwo ƒe susu, eye ɣeaɖewoɣi la, ena wodoa alɔ habɔbɔa.

Le June 2020 me la, wowɔ WikiProject ɖe Wikipedia dzi koŋ be woatsɔ aƒo nu tso Black Lives Matter habɔbɔa ŋu.

Le ƒe 2020 me la, dɔwɔnu si nye TikTok zãlawo de dzesii be edze abe nya siwo woŋlɔ tso BLM alo kpovitɔwo ƒe Ameyibɔwo wuwu nyitsɔ laa ŋu ɣla ene, si nye nuwɔna si woyɔna be &quot;shadow banning (vɔvɔli ƒe mɔxexeɖedɔ).&quot; Emegbe TikTok ɖe kuku, eye wòbu fɔ nyaa ɖe mɔ̃ɖaŋukuxi aɖe ta.[13]

=== Dunyahehe me Afɔɖeɖe ===

Zi geɖe la, Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie (BLM) habɔbɔa zãa afɔɖeɖe tẽ abe tsitretsiɖeŋu kple kpekpewo ene tsɔ naa amewo dzea ŋgɔ ameƒomevinyenye ƒe madzɔmadzɔnyenye ƒe nyawo. Woƒe taɖodzinue nye be yewoahe vevesese si sɔ gbɔ ale gbegbe be womate ŋu aŋe aɖaba aƒu nya siawo dzi o. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, BLM wɔ &quot;die-ins&quot; gɔ̃ hã, afisi gomekpɔlawo wɔa abe ɖe woku ene, abe esi wowɔ le ƒe 2015 Twin Cities Marathon me ene. 

Le woƒe wɔwɔfiawo me la, BLM zãa nya sẽŋu vovovowo tsɔ gblɔa woƒe gbedasia. Esiawo dometɔ aɖewoe nye &quot;Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie,&quot; tsɔ kpe ɖe nyagbewo abe &quot;Asiwo yi dzi, mègada tu o&quot; (si nye nya si wogblɔ tso Michael Brown ŋu, togbɔ be woʋli nya le eƒe nyateƒetoto ŋu emegbe hã), &quot;Nyemate ŋu agbɔ ya o&quot; (si ƒo nu tso Eric Garner kple emegbe George Floyd ŋu), &quot;Yevuwo ƒe ɖoɖoezizi nye ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ,&quot; &quot;Dzɔdzɔenyenye aɖeke meli o, ŋutifafa aɖeke meli o,&quot; kple &quot;Ðe vinyea kplɔe ɖo?&quot; 

Numekuku aɖe si wowɔ le ƒe 2018 me ɖee fia be Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋuwo dzɔna le teƒe siwo kpovitɔwo wu Ameyibɔ geɖe wu, si ɖee fia be kadodo si dze ƒã le kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ƒe nudzɔdzɔ siwo dzɔna le nutoa me kple habɔbɔa ƒe dɔwɔnawo dome.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Williamson, Vanessa; Trump, Kris-Stella; Einstein, Katherine Levine (2018). &quot;[[doi:10.1017/S1537592717004273|Black Lives Matter: Evidence that Police-Caused Deaths Predict Protest Activity]]&quot;. ''Perspectives on Politics''. '''16''' (2): 400–415. doi:1[[doi:10.1017/S1537592717004273|0.1017/S1537592717004273]]. ISSN 1537-5927.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nyadzɔdzɔgblɔmɔnuwo, hadzidzi kple dekɔnuwo ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi bubuwo ===
Tso esime wòdze egɔme le ƒe 2013 me kple hashtag #BlackLivesMatter la, woɖea habɔbɔa fiana eye woƒoa nu tso eŋu le nyadzɔdzɔgblɔmɔnu geɖewo abe sinimawo, hadzidziwo, TV dzi wɔnawo, agbalẽwo, kple aɖaŋudɔwo me. Nyadzɔdzɔdɔwɔƒe geɖe hã le nyatakaka siwo ku ɖe ameƒomevinyenye ƒe madzɔmadzɔnyenye kple Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ƒe habɔbɔa ŋu la mam. Le nyateƒe me la, agbalẽ siwo wota, agbalẽwo, kple television dzi wɔna siwo ku ɖe nyati siawo ŋu va xɔ ŋkɔ ŋutɔ le ƒe 2020. Wozã hawo abe Michael Jackson ƒe &quot;They Don't Care About Us&quot; kple Kendrick Lamar ƒe &quot;Alright&quot; gɔ̃ hã geɖe tsɔ de dzo amewo me le tsitretsiɖeŋunyawo me.

Woɖe ʋuʋua fia le sinima aɖewo koŋ me hã. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, nuŋlɔɖi kpui si nye &quot;Bars4Justice&quot; la lɔ ʋiʋlilawo kple nutala siwo do ƒome kple Black Lives Matter ɖe eme eye wotiae gɔ̃ hã na Ƒe Sia Ƒe ƒe Pan Afrika Sinimawɔƒe ƒe Ŋkekenyui 24 lia. Sinima bubu si nye &quot;Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement,&quot; nye ƒe 2016 ƒe TV dzi nuŋlɔɖi si me Jesse Williams nye akpa vevi aɖe le si ƒo nu tso habɔbɔa ŋu.

Le sinimawo godo la, wova de dzesi Black Lives Matter le nyadzɔdzɔgblɔmɔ̃ bubuwo me. Essence magazine ƒe February 2015 ƒe tata tsɔ eƒe akpa dzi kple emenyawo na habɔbɔa. Azɔ hã, le December 2015 me la, BLM nye hoʋlila sesẽ aɖe na Time magazine ƒe Ƒea ƒe Ame Nyuitɔ ƒe kafukafu, eye wòxɔ nɔƒe enelia le ame enyi siwo di be yewoaxɔ ɖoƒea dome.

Le United States  la, du geɖe ɖee fia be yewole megbe na Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie to gli gã siwo nye &quot;Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie&quot; tata ɖe woƒe ablɔwo dzi tẽ. Àte ŋu akpɔ nukpɔkpɔ sẽŋu siawo le teƒewo abe Washington, D.C., Dallas, Denver, Charlotte, Seattle, Brooklyn, Los Angeles, kple Birmingham, Alabama ene.

Le nudzɔdzɔ ɖedzesi aɖe si dzɔ le May 9, 2016 dzi me la, Delrish Moss va zu Afrika Amerika kpovitɔwo ƒe amegã gbãtɔ le Ferguson, Missouri. Ekpɔe dze sii be dɔ geɖe le ye ŋgɔ, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye be yeana kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔƒea nanye ame vovovowo, yeana ƒomedodo nyuiwo tutuɖo kple nutoa me tɔwo, eye yeakpɔ kuxi siwo tututu na Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie habɔbɔa dze egɔme le gɔmedzedzea me la gbɔ.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2016/05/09/us/ap-us-killings-by-police-ferguson-the-latest.html New Ferguson Police Chief Sworn In], ''The New York Times'', May 9, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nutsotso siwo nye be kpovitɔwo zã ŋusẽ si gbɔ eme ===
Numekuku geɖe ku ɖe alesi ameƒomevi vovovowo wɔa nu kple kpovitɔwo kple zi nenie wozãa ŋusẽ ŋu.

Tso ƒe 2002 va ɖo ƒe 2011 me la, numekuku aɖe si Bureau of Justice Statistics wɔ ɖee fia be Ameyibɔwo (2.8%) xɔe se wu Yevuwo (1.0%) kple Hispaniatɔwo (1.4%) be kpovitɔwo zã ŋusẽ si mewu ame o fũ akpa.

The Washington Post gblɔ be kpovitɔwo le United States da tu ame 1,001 hewu wo le ƒe 2019. Ame siwo wowu la dometɔ siwo ade afã nye Yevuwo, eye wo dometɔ enelia nye Ameyibɔwo. Esia fia be le Amerikatɔ Ameyibɔ miliɔn ɖesiaɖe me la, kpovitɔwo ƒe tudada wu ame 31, si wu Amerikatɔ Yevuwo ƒe teƒe eve (13 le miliɔn ɖesiaɖe me). Washington Post hã ka nya ta be kpovitɔwo da tu Amerikatɔ Ameyibɔ 13 siwo metsɔ tu o hewu wo le ƒe 2019 me.

Numekuku aɖe si Cody Ross wɔ le ƒe 2015 me le UC Davis ɖee fia be vovototo gã aɖe le kpovitɔwo ƒe Amerikatɔ Ameyibɔ siwo metsɔ tu o wuwu me ne wotsɔe sɔ kple Amerikatɔ Yevu siwo metsɔ tu o. Numekuku sia ɖee fia be kpovitɔwo da tu Ameyibɔ siwo metsɔ tu o zi gbɔ zi 3.49 wu Yevu siwo metsɔ tu o, eye le nuto aɖewo me la, afɔku sia ate ŋu asɔ gbɔ wu zi gbɔ zi 20 sɔŋ. Numekukua de dzesii hã be woda tu Ameyibɔ siwo tsɔ tu ɖe asi zi gbɔ zi 2.79 wu Ameyibɔ siwo metsɔ tu o. Vevietɔ la, numekuku sia ƒo nya ta be womate ŋu atsɔ vovototo si le nutoa me nuvlowɔwɔ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ me aɖe ameƒomevinyenye ƒe akpaɖekedzimademade le kpovitɔwo ƒe tudada me si wokpɔ le nutoa me la me o.

Gake numekuku siwo wowɔ tso nya sia ŋu ate ŋu ato vovo. Numekuku aɖe si Cesario kple exɔlɔ̃wo wɔ le ƒe 2019 me. do susua ɖa be esi wobu nuvlowɔwɔ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ŋu vɔ la, kpeɖodzi si me kɔ aɖeke meli si fia be vovototo le ameyibɔwo dome le kpovitɔwo ƒe tudada siwo wua ame me o, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye esiwo ku ɖe dumevi siwo metsɔ tu o alo amenyenye vodadatɔe ŋu o. Gake, ƒe 2020 me numekuku aɖe si Cody Ross et al. melɔ̃ ɖe alesi Cesario et al. numekukua ku eƒe nyatakakawo me. Esi Ross et al. ƒo nya ta be ameƒomevinyenye ƒe akpaɖekedzimademade ɖedzesi aɖe li vavã ne kpovitɔwo da tu Ameyibɔ siwo ŋu wole ɖi kem le siwo metsɔ tu o, gake womekpɔa akpaɖekedzimademade sia ne ame siwo ŋu wole ɖi kem le la tsɔ tu o.

[[File:Police killings in the USA in 2018.svg|thumb|250px|right|Map depicting rates of police killings by state in the United States in 2018]]
Numekuku aɖe si Harvard gaŋutinunyala Roland Fryer wɔ la lé ŋku ɖe kpovitɔwo ƒe gododo ŋu eye wòkpɔe be Ameyibɔ kple Hispaniatɔ ɖekaɖekawo ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ si mewu ame o tso kpovitɔwo gbɔ 50% wu. Gake le kpovitɔwo ƒe tudada si he ku vɛ gome la, mekpɔ ameƒomevinyenye ƒe vovototo aɖeke le nu bubu vovovowo ŋu bubu vɔ megbe o.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fryer |first=Roland |title=An Empirical Analysis of Racial Differences in Police Use of Force |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/fryer/publications/empirical-analysis-racial-differences-police-use-force |journal=Journal of Political Economy }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le vovo me la, ƒe 2019 ƒe numekuku aɖe si wota ɖe PNAS me ƒo nya ta le gɔmedzedzea me be le nyateƒe me la, kpovitɔwo mewu Ameyibɔwo boo o wu Yevuwo, le alesi ameyibɔwo kuna le kpovitɔwo ƒe gododowo me nu. Gake agbalẽa ŋlɔlawo he agbalẽ sia ɖe megbe emegbe. Woɖe eme be togbɔ be yewoƒe nyatakakawo kple mɔnuwo nyo na ŋkuléle ɖe alesi kpovitɔ aɖe ƒe nɔnɔme do ƒome kple ameƒomevi si woda tu hewui ŋu hã la, yewoƒe numekukua menyo ale gbegbe be woatsɔ aɖo eŋu ŋutɔŋutɔ nenye be ameƒomevinyenye ƒe akpaɖekedzimademade le mɔnukpɔkpɔ si li be kpovitɔwo nada tu ame aɖe wòaku, alo le kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me le goawo katã me o. Wogblɔ be wozã yewoƒe dɔa tsɔ da asi ɖe susu si nye be ameŋkumenuwɔwɔ mawo tɔgbe aɖeke meli o dzi, si menye nusi yewoƒe numekukua ɖo kpe edzi ŋutɔŋutɔ o.

Numekuku bubu ɖee fia be nyataƒoƒo aɖewo siwo woƒo do ŋgɔ ku ɖe kpovitɔwo ƒe amewuwu ŋu la flua ame le nane si woyɔna be Simpson ƒe nya si tsi tre ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu ta. Esia fia be togbɔ be adze abe ɖe wowua Yevuwo zi geɖe le kpovitɔwo ƒe gododowo me ene hã la, numekukua ʋli nya be Ameyibɔwo gakpɔtɔ le vovototodedeameme me tom elabena kadodo geɖe wu nɔ wo kple kpovitɔwo dome le gɔmedzedzea me, zi geɖe la, esia tsoa ɖoɖowɔɖi ƒe nya siwo kaka ta. Wotɔa wo enuenu le nuvlowɔwɔ suewo alo nuvlowɔwɔ aɖeke kura gɔ̃ hã ta. To vovo na ema la, Yevuwo mewɔa nu kple kpovitɔwo zi geɖe o, eye ne wowɔe la, zi geɖe la, enyea nuvlowɔwɔ siwo nu sẽ wu, abe tudada ene, afisi kpovitɔwo zãa ŋusẽ le wu. Numekuku sia ke ɖo kpe nusiwo ŋu numekulawo abe Ross kple Fryer ke ɖo dzi, eye wògblɔ be ŋkuléle ɖe amesiwo kuna ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ bliboa ŋu (si fia be ame agbɔsɔsɔme si kpovitɔwo wu tso ƒuƒoƒo aɖe me le woƒe amewo katã dome) kpena ɖe ame ŋu wu ŋkuléle ɖe amesiwo kuna le kpovitɔwo ƒe gododo me ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme ŋu ko.

=== Kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ si mesɔ o le Black Lives Matter nudzɔdzɔwo ŋu ===

Ɣeaɖewoɣi la, Black Lives Matter ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋulawo dzea ŋgɔ nya si tututu ŋu wole nu ƒom tsoe: kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ fũ akpa. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, le May 2020 me la, menye ɖeko kpovitɔwo wɔ nu ɖe ​​tsitretsiɖeŋulawo ŋu ko o, ke wodɔ asrafoha 43,350 hã ɖa be woakpɔ Black Lives Matter ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋulawo gbɔ le dukɔa me godoo. Wozã asrafowo ƒe yameʋu siwo léa ŋku ɖe nu ŋu gɔ̃ hã le tsitretsiɖeŋu siwo wowɔ emegbe me.

Eteƒekpɔlawo, siwo dome U.S. Dukplɔla Joe Biden hã le, ɖee fia be zi geɖe la, ɖusimeʋawɔlawo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo siwo me ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ le, abe U.S. Capitol dzi dzedze le ƒe 2021 me ene, mekpɔa kpovitɔwo ƒe vava boo o eye woɖea dzi ɖi wu ne wotsɔe sɔ kple Black Lives Matter ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋu siwo wowɔ le ŋutifafa me. Nudzɔdzɔ aɖewo hã li siwo me sedzikpɔlawo ɖe akpaɖekedzimademade fia; le kpɔɖeŋu me, le November 2015 me la, woɖe kpovitɔ aɖe le Oregon le ablɔdzidɔ me esi wòŋlɔ nya ɖe hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒewo be ele be &quot;yeakpɔ bometsila siawo dzi&quot; le nuƒoƒo tso BLM wɔna aɖe si ŋu wowɔ ɖoɖo ɖo ŋu.

Gakpe ɖe eŋu la, nyatakaka aɖe si tso Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Ŋuti Habɔbɔ gbɔ le August 2021 me gblɔ be U.S. dukɔa ƒe dziɖuɖua ɖoe koŋ tɔ ŋku Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋulawo le ƒe 2020 ƒe dzomeŋɔli. Taɖodzinuae nye be yeagblẽ habɔbɔa me ahaɖe dzi le eƒo. Nyatakakaa ɖe eme be nusiwo ŋu yeke ɖo ɖo kpe nusi Ameyibɔ ɖoɖowɔlawo &quot;nya ɣeyiɣi didi aɖee nye sia&quot; le alesi dziɖuɖua wɔa nu ɖe ​​ameƒomevinyenye ƒe dzɔdzɔenyenye ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋuwo kple dɔwɔna siwo do ƒome kplii ŋu le mɔ vovovowo nu ŋu.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/feds-targeted-blm-protesters-attempt-disrupt-movement-report-says-rcna1717 Feds targeted BLM protesters in attempt to disrupt movement, report says]&quot;. ''NBC News''. Associated Press. August 19, 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210819183714/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/feds-targeted-blm-protesters-attempt-disrupt-movement-report-says-rcna1717 Archived] from the original on August 19, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nudzɔdzɔ ɖedzesiwo kple wɔwɔfia siwo wowɔ le United States ƒe ɣeyiɣiɖoɖo ==

=== '''2014''' ===
Le ƒe 2014 me la, Black Lives Matter habɔbɔa wɔ tsitretsiɖeŋunyawo elabena Afrika-Amerikatɔ geɖe ku le kadodo kple kpovitɔwo me. Nya nyanyɛ siwo ŋu wotsi tre ɖo dometɔ aɖewoe nye Dontre Hamilton, Eric Garner, John Crawford III, Michael Brown, Ezell Ford, Laquan McDonald, Akai Gurley, Tamir Rice, Antonio Martin, kple Jerame Reid, kpakple ame bubuwo ƒe ku.

Nudzɔdzɔ wɔnublanui siawo dometɔ ɖekae nye le July me esime Eric Garner ku le New York City. New York City kpovitɔ aɖe zã aŋetu, si ŋu womeɖe mɔ ɖo o, esime wònɔ elém. Wobua Garner ƒe ku zi geɖe be enye kpovitɔwo ƒe Afrika-Amerikatɔwo wuwu vevi siwo kpe ɖe Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ƒe habɔbɔa ŋu la dometɔ ɖeka.

Le Dɔwɔlawo ƒe Ŋkeke ƒe kwasiɖanuwuwu le August me la, Black Lives Matter wɔ ɖoɖo ɖe &quot;Ablɔɖe Dodo&quot; ŋu. Esia na Afrika-Amerikatɔ siwo wu 500 tso U.S. ƒe akpa vovovowo va Ferguson, Missouri, be woado alɔ nutoa me ƒuƒoƒo siwo nɔ tsitre tsim ɖe eŋu le afima. Habɔbɔa gakpɔtɔ nɔ Ferguson ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋunyawo me le Michael Brown wuwu vɔ megbe. Tsitretsiɖeŋu siawo wɔa avu kple nutoa me kple dukɔa ƒe kpovitɔwo ɣeaɖewoɣi, amesiwo tsɔa kpovitɔ siwo tsɔ tu ɖoa eŋu zi geɖe. Ɣeaɖeɣi la, woyɔ Dukɔa ƒe Dzɔlawo gɔ̃ hã, eye woɖe gbeƒã nɔnɔme kpata aɖe.

Le ƒe ma ƒe August me la, kpovitɔ siwo le Los Angeles da tu Ezell Ford hewui, si na Black Lives Matter ƒe ʋiʋli le dua me si yi edzi vaseɖe ƒe 2015 me.&lt;ref&gt;Grad, Shelby (October 20, 2015). [https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-how-black-lives-matter-became-a-thorn-in-the-side-for-l-a-leaders-story-so-far-20151020-htmlstory.html &quot;How Black Lives Matter became a thorn in the side of L.A. leaders&quot;.] ''[[:en:Los_Angeles_Times|Los Angeles Times]]''. Retrieved December 21, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

Le November ma me, le New York City la, kpovitɔ aɖe da tu Akai Gurley, si nye Ameyibɔ si xɔ ƒe 28, hewui. Emegbe Black Lives Matter tsi tre ɖe Gurley ƒe ku ŋu le New York City. Le November hã me, le Oakland, California, la, wolé Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ƒe taʋlila wuiene esi wotɔ keteke gaƒoƒo ɖeka kple edzivɔ le Black Friday, si nye asiƒlegbe si me vovo menɔa ame ŋu kura o la dzi. Tsitretsiɖeŋu sia si Black Lives Matter ƒe gɔmeɖoanyila Alicia Garza nɔ ŋgɔ na la dzɔ elabena ʋɔnudrɔ̃ƒe gã aɖe tso nya me be yewomatsɔ nya ɖe kpovitɔ Darren Wilson ŋu be ewu Michael Brown o.

Nublanuinya bubu si dzɔ le November me enye esime Cleveland kpovitɔ aɖe da tu Tamir Rice, si nye ŋutsuvi Ameyibɔ aɖe si xɔ ƒe 12, hewui. Wobu Rice ƒe ku hã be enye nudzɔdzɔ vevi siwo kpe ɖe Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ƒe habɔbɔa ŋu la dometɔ ɖeka.

Le December me la, ame akpe eve va ɖo akpe etɔ̃ ƒe ƒuƒoƒo gã aɖe ƒo ƒu ɖe Amerikatɔwo ƒe Asitsaƒe si le Bloomington, Minnesota. Wonɔ tsitre tsim ɖe Ameyibɔ ŋutsu siwo metsɔ tu o siwo kpovitɔwo wu ŋu. Kpovitɔ siwo le asitsaƒea va dzra ɖo kple ʋunyaʋunyawɔwɔ ƒe dɔwɔnuwo kple avu siwo le bɔmb ʋeʋẽm, eye wolé tsitretsiɖeŋula blaeve ya teti. Asitsaƒea ƒe dɔdzikpɔlawo gblɔ be &quot;ete ɖe yewo dzi ŋutɔ&quot; be Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ƒe ɖoɖowɔlawo tiae be yewoaŋe aɖaba aƒu yewoƒe se siwo ku ɖe mɔɖeɖe ɖe dunyahehe me ʋiʋliwo ŋu le asitsaƒea ƒe anyigba dzi o ŋu.

Le ɣeyiɣi ma ke me la, le Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Black Lives Matter tsi tre ɖe  Dontre Hamilton, si ku le April me la wuwu ŋu. Habɔbɔa ƒo nu tsi tre ɖe John Crawford III wuwu hã ŋu, eye woɖe tsitre tsim ɖe Renisha McBride wuwu ŋu.

Le December me, le adaŋudeha gã la ƒe nyametsotso be yewomatsɔ nya ɖe kpovitɔ Darren Wilson ŋu le Michael Brown wuwu ta o megbe la, wowɔ tsitretsiɖeŋu ƒe azɔlizɔzɔ aɖe le Berkeley, California. Emegbe le ƒe 2015 me la, tsitretsiɖeŋula kple nyadzɔdzɔŋlɔla aɖewo siwo nɔ kpekpe ma me tsɔ nya ɖe yewo ŋu le se nu, eye wogblɔ be &quot;kpovitɔwo ƒe amedzidzedze siwo mewɔ ɖeka kple dukplɔsea o&quot; dze yewo dzi.

Kwasiɖa ɖeka pɛ ko le Michael Brown ƒe ʋɔnudɔdrɔ̃a megbe la, ŋutsu aɖe si ŋkɔe nye Ismaaiyl Brinsley wu kpovitɔ eve nublanuitɔe le New York City, amesi gblɔ be yedi be yeawu kpovitɔwo atsɔ abia hlɔ̃ Eric Garner kple Michael Brown ƒe ku. Black Lives Matter bu fɔ tudada sia le dutoƒo. Gake ɖusimetɔwo ƒe nyadzɔdzɔdɔwɔƒe aɖewo dze agbagba be yewoatsɔ ƒuƒoƒoa asɔ kple ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔa. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, Patrolman’s Benevolent Association ƒe zimenɔla gblɔ be “ʋu le [asiwo] amesiwo de dzi ƒo na ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ le ablɔdzi le tsitretsiɖeŋu ƒe atsyɔ̃ɖoɖo me la ƒe asiwo dzi.” TV dzi numeɖela aɖe si léa blemakɔnuléleɖeasi me ɖe asi hã dze agbagba be yeatsɔ Black Lives Matter asɔ kple tsitretsiɖeŋula siwo wogblɔ be wonɔ ɣli dom be yewodi &quot;kpovitɔ kukuwo&quot; le &quot;Millions March&quot; me le December ma me, togbɔ be ƒuƒoƒo vovovowoe wɔ ɖoɖo ɖe azɔlizɔzɔ sia ŋu hã.&lt;ref&gt;Clayton, Dewey M. (2018). &quot;Black Lives Matter and the Civil Rights Movement: A Comparative Analysis of Two Social Movements in the United States&quot;. ''[[:en:Journal_of_Black_Studies|Journal of Black Studies]]''. '''49''' (5): 448–480. doi:[[doi:10.1177/0021934718764099|10.1177/0021934718764099.]] S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:148805128 148805128.]&lt;/ref&gt;


[[File:Black Lives Matter protest against St. Paul police brutality (21552673186).jpg|thumb|Black Lives Matter protest on September 20, 2015, against police brutality in [[St. Paul, Minnesota]]]]

== Nya siawo tsoƒe ==</text>
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      <text bytes="42639" sha1="he9ujz9yzb3dpmf4aynncaeirt2vgrj" xml:space="preserve">Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ('''Black Lives Matter''') nye habɔbɔ si keke ta si di be yeaɖe alesi Ameyibɔwo kpɔa ameƒomevinyenye kple nuwɔwɔ madzɔmadzɔe la afia. &lt;ref&gt;Smith, Robert (2021). &quot;Black Lives Matter&quot;. ''Encyclopedia of African-American Politics, Third Edition''. New York: Facts on File. pp. 122–126. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-9939-9|ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-1-4381-9939-9&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt;Eƒonɛ ɖe ameƒomevinyenye ƒe vovototodedeameme hã nu, si fia be woawɔ avu kple ameƒomevinyenye veviedodotɔe.

kpovitɔwo ƒe nuvevi wɔwɔ Ameyibɔwo kple ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ɖe Ameyibɔwo ŋu le woƒe ameƒomevinyenye ta koŋ ŋue habɔbɔa ku ɖo. BLM dze egɔme elabena wowu amewo abe Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown, Eric Garner, kple Rekia Boyd ene.

Zi geɖe la, ƒuƒoƒo siwo do ƒome kple BLM biaa se yeyewo be woakpe ɖe Ameyibɔwo ŋu woavo eye woana ʋɔnudrɔ̃ɖoɖoa nanyo ɖe edzi.

Togbɔ be ƒuƒoƒo aɖewo koŋ li siwo ŋkɔe nye &quot;Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie&quot; hã la, kplɔla ɖeka koe kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe habɔbɔa ŋutɔ dzi o. Enye akpa vovovo geɖewo ƒe kadodo. Nyagbɔgblɔ si nye &quot;Black Lives Matter&quot; menye ame aɖeke tɔ o.

Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie (BLM) habɔbɔa dze egɔme le ƒe 2013. Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, kple Ayọ Tometi ye dze egɔme. Wowɔ hashtag #BlackLivesMatter le hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒewo esi woɖe asi le George Zimmerman ŋu le tudada Trayvon Martin, si nye Afrika-Amerika ƒewuivi aɖe si wòku me vɔ megbe.

BLM xɔ dukɔa ƒe susu le ƒe 2014 me to ablɔdzi tsitretsiɖeŋuwo me. Ðeɖefia siawo kplɔ Afrika-Amerikatɔ eve bubuwo ƒe ku ɖo: Michael Brown le Ferguson, Missouri (si na ame geɖe tsi tre ɖe eŋu), kple Eric Garner le New York City. Tso esime Ferguson tsi tre ɖe eŋu la, BLM ƒe ʋiʋlilawo yi edzi le tsitre tsim ɖe Afrika-Amerikatɔ bubu geɖe ƒe ku ŋu le kpovitɔwo ƒe nuwɔnawo me alo esime wonɔ kpovitɔwo ƒe gaxɔ me. Le ƒe 2015 ƒe dzomeŋɔli la, BLM ƒe ʋiʋlilawo hã va ƒo wo ɖokui ɖe ƒe 2016 U.S. dukplɔla ƒe tiatia me.&lt;ref name=eligon&gt;{{cite web |last=Eligon |first=John |date=November 18, 2015 |title=One Slogan, Many Methods: Black Lives Matter Enters Politics |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/19/us/one-slogan-many-methods-black-lives-matter-enters-politics.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=December 18, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dukɔwo ƒe susu va nɔ habɔbɔ sia ŋu le ƒe 2020. Esia tso xexeame katã ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋu siwo kplɔ George Floyd si Minneapolis kpovitɔ Derek Chauvin wuwu ɖo gbɔ. Wobu akɔnta be ame miliɔn 15 va ɖo 26 ye kpɔ gome le BLM ƒe ʋiʋliwo me le United States, si wɔe be wònye tsitretsiɖeŋuha gãtɔ kekeake siwo wowɔ le dukɔa ƒe ŋutinya me la dometɔ ɖeka. Togbɔ be tsitretsiɖeŋula aɖewo gblɔ be BLM ƒe wɔwɔfiawo nye ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ hã la, wo dometɔ akpa gãtɔ nye ŋutifafa.

Kpekpeɖeŋunana Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie la trɔ le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe, vevietɔ le Amerikatɔ yevuwo dome. Le ƒe 2020 me la, U.S. ame tsitsi 67% da asi ɖe habɔbɔa dzi, gake xexlẽme sia ɖiɖi va ɖo 51% le ƒe 2023. Gake kpekpeɖeŋu si le ameyibɔwo dome la gakpɔtɔ sẽ ŋu. Le ƒe 2023 me la, Afrika Amerikatɔwo ƒe 81%, Hispaniatɔwo ƒe 61%, kple Asia Amerikatɔwo ƒe 63% ɖee fia be yewole megbe na BLM.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last1=Buchanan |first1=Larry |last2=Bui |first2=Quoctrung |last3=Patel |first3=Jugal K. |date=July 3, 2020 |title=Black Lives Matter May Be the Largest Movement in U.S. History |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/07/03/us/george-floyd-protests-crowd-size.html|access-date=July 3, 2020 |issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite being characterized by opponents as violent, the overwhelming majority of BLM demonstrations have been peaceful.&lt;ref&gt;Sources:

* {{cite news|last1=Udoma|first1=Ebong|title=UConn Study: At Least 96% of Black Lives Matter Protests Were Peaceful|url=https://www.wshu.org/news/2020-10-19/uconn-study-at-least-96-of-black-lives-matter-protests-were-peaceful|date=October 19, 2020|publisher=WSHU-FM}}
* {{cite news|title=This summer's Black Lives Matter protesters were overwhelmingly peaceful, our research finds|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/10/16/this-summers-black-lives-matter-protesters-were-overwhelming-peaceful-our-research-finds/|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=October 16, 2020|author1=Erica Chenoweth|author2=Jeremy Pressman}}
* {{cite news|title='A fanciful reality': Trump claims Black Lives Matter protests are violent, but the majority are peaceful|url=https://www.usatoday.com/in-depth/news/nation/2020/10/24/trump-claims-blm-protests-violent-but-majority-peaceful/3640564001/|work=USA Today|date=October 24, 2020|author1=Grace Hauck|author2=Trevor Hughes|author3=Omar Abdel-Baqui|author4=Ricardo Torres|author5=Hayes Gardner}}
* {{cite news|last1=Watson|first1=Julie|title=Comparison between Capitol siege, BLM protests is denounced|url=https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-capitol-siege-race-and-ethnicity-violence-racial-injustice-afd7dc2165f355a3e6dc4e9418019eb5|publisher=Associated Press|date=January 14, 2021}}
* {{cite news|last1=Corley|first1=Cheryl|title=Black Lives Matter Fights Disinformation To Keep The Movement Strong|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/05/25/999841030/black-lives-matter-fights-disinformation-to-keep-the-movement-strong|publisher=National Public Radio|date=May 25, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== BLM Dɔwɔɖoɖo Kple Ðoɖowɔwɔ ==

=== Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbe Le Vevie: Habɔbɔ, Kple Nyagbɔgblɔ ===
Gɔmesese vovovowo le nyagbɔgblɔ &quot;Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie&quot; ŋu. Ate ŋu afia hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒe ƒe hashtag, nyagbɔgblɔ, hadomehabɔbɔ si keke ta, dunyahehe me afɔɖeɖe ƒe kɔmiti, alo ƒuƒoƒo siwo le dɔ wɔm ɖe ameƒomevinyenye ƒe dzɔdzɔenyenye ta ƒe ƒuƒoƒo.

Abe habɔbɔ ene la, Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie nye ame siwo le gbe me eye wole ɖoɖo nu. Esia fia be eƒe susu nɔa nutoa me ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ŋu tsɔ wu be dukɔa ƒe ŋgɔnɔla ɖeka nanɔ esi. Dɔwɔɖoɖo sia to vovo na Ameyibɔwo ƒe habɔbɔ siwo nɔ anyi do ŋgɔ, abe Dukɔmeviwo ƒe Gomenɔamesiwo Ŋuti Habɔbɔ si nɔ anyi le ƒe 1950 kple 60 ƒeawo me ene. Dɔwɔla DeRay McKesson de dzesii be amesiame si da asi ɖe nukpɔsusu si nye be Ameyibɔwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ le vevie dzi le dutoƒo eye wòtsɔa woƒe ɣeyiɣi ɖoa eŋu la hã le habɔbɔa me.&lt;ref name=&quot;tags_BLM&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Freelon |first1=Deen |last2=McIlwain |first2=Charlton D. |last3=Clark |first3=Meredith D. |title=Beyond the Hashtags |url=http://cmsimpact.org/resource/beyond-hashtags-ferguson-blacklivesmatter-online-struggle-offline-justice/ |date=February 29, 2016 |publisher=Center for Media and Social Impact |type=PDF |page=9 |access-date=December 18, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le ƒe 2013 me la, Patrisse Cullors, Alicia Garza, kple Ayọ Tometi ɖo Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ƒe Habɔbɔ. Garza ɖe eme be network sia nye internet dzi mɔnu aɖe si dzi woato ana gɔmeɖose kple taɖodzinu siwo wozãna ɖekae la ʋiʋlilawo. Wokpɔ mɔ be Local Black Lives Matter ƒe tawo nawɔ ɖe mɔfiame siawo dzi gake woawɔ dɔ le wo ɖokui si. Womekpɔa titina ƒe ɖoɖo alo ɖoƒe si woɖo ɖe ɖoɖo nu o. Garza gblɔ be Network la metsɔ ɖeke le &quot;kpovitɔwo ƒe amesiwo nye habɔbɔa me tɔ kple amesiwo menye habɔbɔa ƒe akpa aɖeke o&quot; me o. Le ƒe 2021 me la, ta siwo ade 40 ye nɔ United States kple Canada katã.

Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Vevie ƒe ɖoɖo si wowɔna le teƒe vovovowo la he tɔtɔ vɛ ɣeaɖewoɣi. Zi geɖe la, wogblɔna vodadatɔe be nuwɔna alo nya siwo ta ɖekaɖekawo alo amewo gblɔ la tso &quot;Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie&quot; habɔbɔ bliboa gbɔ. Abe alesi Matt Pearce si le Los Angeles Times gblɔe ene la, &quot;nyaawo ate ŋu anye dunyahehe me ɣlidodo si wotsɔ ƒoa ƒui alo wole nu ƒom tso habɔbɔ si le ʋiʋlilawo ŋu. Alo ate ŋu anye ŋkɔ si wozãna le mɔ si me kɔ o si wozãna tsɔ ɖɔa tsitretsiɖeŋu kple dzeɖoɖo vovovo siwo ku ɖe ameƒomevi vovovowo ƒe tasɔsɔmasɔ ŋu.&quot; Togbɔ be ele alea hã la, zi ɖeka ya teti la, ame aɖe si woɖe fia be enye BLM Global Network ƒe Dɔdzikpɔlagã ɖe gbeƒã nya aɖe le se nu ɖe ​​habɔbɔ ma teƒe.

=== Ʋuʋu si keke ta wu ===
Le ƒe 2015 me la, Johnetta Elzie, DeRay Mckesson, Brittany Packnett, kple Samuel Sinyangwe dze Dɔwɔha Zero gɔme. Afɔɖeɖe sia ku ɖe asitɔtrɔ le ɖoɖowo ŋu be woatsɔ atɔ te kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ŋu. Campaign Zero ɖe ɖoɖo si me nya ewo le ɖe go hena kpovitɔwo ƒe ɖɔɖɔɖo. Woƒe aɖaŋuɖoɖowo dometɔ aɖewoe nye:

* &quot;Fesre gbagbãwo&quot; kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ (aɖaŋu si woɖo taɖodzinu na agɔdzedze suewo) nuwuwu.
* Nutoa me tɔwo ƒe ŋkuléle ɖe kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔƒewo ŋu ƒe dzidziɖedzi.
* Se sesẽwo toto vɛ na alesi kpovitɔwo zãa ŋusẽe.

Gake aʋawɔla aɖewo, abe alesi John Eligon si le The New York Times ka nya tae ene, tsi dzi be Campaign Zero ƒe susu nɔ sewo ŋu akpa be woatsɔ akpɔ kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ gbɔe.

Le kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ɖeɖeko megbe la, Black Lives Matter habɔbɔa doa alɔ nu bubuwo hã. Esiawo dometɔ aɖewoe nye LGBTQ+ ƒe ʋiʋli, nyɔnuwo ƒe nyaʋiʋli, amedzrowo ƒe ɖɔɖɔɖo, kple ganyawo ƒe dzɔdzɔenyenye.

'''Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie Taʋliha'''

The Movement for Black Lives (Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Ŋuti Habɔbɔ, M4BL) nye habɔbɔ gã aɖe si me habɔbɔ siwo wu 50 le siwo wɔa dɔ tsɔ doa alɔ Ameyibɔwo ƒe nuto siwo le United States katã. Ame vevi siwo le eme dometɔ aɖewoe nye Black Lives Matter Network, Dukɔa ƒe Ameyibɔ Senyalawo ƒe Takpekpe, kple Ella Baker Amegbetɔ ƒe Gomenɔamesiwo Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe. Ƒuƒoƒowo abe Color of Change kple PolicyLink hã da megbe na M4BL, si xɔa kadodo kple aɖaŋuɖoɖo ƒe kpekpeɖeŋu tso habɔbɔ aɖe si woyɔna be Blackbird gbɔ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Ransby|first=Barbara|date=October 21, 2017|title=Opinion {{!}} Black Lives Matter Is Democracy in Action|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/21/opinion/sunday/black-lives-matter-leadership.html|access-date=April 25, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le George Floyd wuwu megbe la, M4BL to BREATHE Act vɛ. Se sia si wodo ɖa la bia be woawɔ tɔtrɔ gãwo le kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye ga xɔdzo le kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔƒewo eye woatsɔe ade nutoa me nunɔamesiwo me tẽ kple mɔ yeye siwo dzi woato awɔ nu ɖe ​​nɔnɔme kpatawo ŋu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |agency=Associated Press|date=July 7, 2020|title=Movement for Black Lives Seeks Sweeping Legislative Changes|work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/07/07/us/ap-us-black-lives-matter-legislation.html|access-date=July 8, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Byrd|first=Jessica|title=The Genius of Resilience: Toward a New, Black National Convention|url=https://www.theroot.com/the-genius-of-resilience-toward-a-new-black-national-1844367817|access-date=July 18, 2020|website=The Root|date=July 14, 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

M4BL hã ʋlia:

* Decarceration: Ame siwo le gaxɔ me ƒe xexlẽme dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ.
* Teƒeɖoɖo: Nusiwo kluvinyenye kple nuwɔna madzɔmadzɔwo abe fli dzĩwo tsɔtsɔ ɖo aƒewo me ene gblẽ va yi gbɔ kpɔkpɔ.
* Ame gbogbowo ƒe ŋkuléle ɖe ame ŋu nu nuwuwu.
* Gadede dukɔa ƒe hehenana me ɖe gaxɔwo teƒe.
* Nutoa me tɔwo ƒe kpovitɔwo dzi ɖuɖu: Ŋusẽ nana nutoa me tɔwo be woaxɔ kpovitɔwo ɖe dɔ me, aɖe wo le dɔ me, eye woahe to na wo, woayɔ kpovitɔwo, eye woakpɔ kpovitɔwo ƒe gakpekpeɖeŋu dzi.

M4BL do go zi gbãtɔ le July 24, 2015 dzi, le Cleveland Dukɔa ƒe Yunivɛsiti. Ame siwo ade 1,500 va ɖo 2,000 ye ƒo ƒu be yewoadzro alesi woawɔ abia akɔnta sedzikpɔlawo le dukɔa me godoo me. Takpekpe sia na woɖo hadomehabɔbɔ si lolo wu sã. Kaka July 26 naɖo la, M4BL dze agbagbadzedze si xɔ ƒe ɖeka be yeaƒo nutoa me kple dukɔa ƒe ƒuƒoƒowo nu ƒu be woaɖo &quot;United Front&quot; gɔme. Agbagbadzedze sia na woɖo taɖodzinuwo, nudidiwo, kple ɖoɖo siwo me kɔ siwo ƒe taɖodzinue nye be woakpɔ &quot;ablɔɖe&quot; gbɔ na Ameyibɔwo ƒe nutoawo le Amerika katã.

Le ƒe 2016 me la, Ford Foundation ɖe gbeƒã ƒe ade ƒe ɖoɖo si wowɔ be woatsɔ akpɔ ga na M4BL, awɔ ɖeka kple ame bubuwo atsɔ awɔ Habɔbɔ si Ameyibɔwo kplɔna. Washington Times ka nya ta be Ford Foundation kple nunala bubuwo tsɔ dɔlar miliɔn 100 na M4BL le ƒe 2016 me (si ƒe home ade dɔlar miliɔn 131 le ƒe 2024 me). Wogblɔ be Open Society Foundations hã tsɔ dɔlar miliɔn 33 (si ade dɔlar miliɔn 43 egbea) na M4BL.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=August 2, 2016 |title=Slavery reparations sought in first Black Lives Matter agenda |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-politics-race-idUSKCN10C3E1|access-date=June 3, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 1, 2016 |title=Black Lives Matter Releases Policy Demands, Includes Reparations And Abolishing The Death Penalty |url=https://populardemocracy.org/news-and-publications/black-lives-matter-releases-policy-demands-includes-reparations-and-abolishing|access-date=June 3, 2020 |website=The Center for Popular Democracy}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Gakpekpeɖeŋunana'''

Le ƒe 2015 me la, Politico ka nya ta be Democracy Alliance, si nye Democratic Party ƒe nunala ƒe ƒuƒoƒo aɖe, ɖoe be yewoado go kple habɔbɔ siwo doa alɔ Black Lives Matter habɔbɔa ƒe ŋgɔnɔlawo. Solidaire, si nye nunala ƒe ƒuƒoƒo si ƒe susu nɔ &quot;habɔbɔ tutuɖo&quot; ŋu eye Leah Hunt-Hendrix (amesi hã nye Demokrasi Nubabla ƒe akpa aɖe) nɔ ŋgɔ na, ​​tsɔ ga si wu dɔlar 200,000 na Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie habɔbɔa xoxo kaka ƒe ma naɖo.

The Economist ka nya ta be le May kple December 2020 dome la, nudzɔdzɔ siwo wowɔ na nusiwo ku ɖe Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ŋu la ƒe ƒuƒoƒo si wobu be enye dɔlar biliɔn 10.6 (anɔ abe dɔlar biliɔn 13 ene le ƒe 2024 me).

Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation, si nye habɔbɔ vevi aɖe si wɔa ɖoɖo ɖe agbagbadzedzewo ŋu le dukɔa me godoo, ɖe gbeƒãe be yewofɔ dɔlar miliɔn 90 le ƒe 2020 me (anɔ abe dɔlar miliɔn 109 ene le ƒe 2024 me). Esia ƒe akpa gã aɖe tso ame ɖekaɖekawo ƒe nudzɔdzɔwo le Internet dzi me, eye nudzɔdzɔ si wodzɔna le mama dedie nu nye dɔlar 30.76 (anɔ abe dɔlar 37.37 ene egbea).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=April 20, 2021|title=AP Exclusive: Black Lives Matter opens up about its finances|url=https://apnews.com/article/black-lives-matter-90-million-finances-8a80cad199f54c0c4b9e74283d27366f|access-date=May 26, 2021|website=AP NEWS}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=2020 Impact Report - Black Lives Matter|work=Black Lives Matter|url=https://blacklivesmatter.com/2020-impact-report/|access-date=May 26, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Aɖaŋu kple aɖaŋu siwo wozãna'''

Le gɔmedzedzea me la, Black Lives Matter ɖo ame geɖe gbɔ kaba to hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒewo zazã me, vevietɔ to hashtags dzi. Le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe la, habɔbɔa va zã tsitretsiɖeŋumɔnu vovovowo.

Black Lives Matter ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋu akpa gãtɔ nye ŋutifafatɔe. Ne ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ dzɔ nyateƒe la, zi geɖe la, amewo ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋu ɖe habɔbɔa ŋu gbɔe wòtsona. Togbɔ be ele alea hã la, amesiwo tsi tre ɖe Black Lives Matter ŋu ​​dzea agbagba enuenu be yewoana habɔbɔa nadze abe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ene.

'''Internet kple hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒewo'''

Hashtag #BlackLivesMatter va zu dɔwɔnu sẽŋu aɖe na habɔbɔa kabakaba.

Le ƒe 2014 me la:

* Amerikatɔwo ƒe Gbegbɔgblɔ Habɔbɔ tia #BlackLivesMatter be wòanye yewoƒe nya si wozãna le ƒea me.
* ''Yes! Magazine'' Magazine yɔe be hashtag wuieve siwo trɔ xexeame la dometɔ ɖeka.

Hashtag la zazã va do gã ɖe edzi le hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒewo:

* Tso July 2013 va ɖo May 2018 la, woŋlɔ #BlackLivesMatter ɖe Twitter dzi zi gbɔ zi miliɔn 30 kple edzivɔ, eye woŋlɔe ɖe Twitter dzi zi gbɔ zi 17,002 gbesiagbe le mamã dedie nu.
* Kaka June 10, 2020 naɖo la, woɖoe ɖe Twitter dzi abe zi miliɔn 47.8 ene.
* Ɣeyiɣi si wozãe wue nye July 7 kple 17, 2016 dome, eye ame 500,000 kloe ye ŋlɔa nyatakakawo ɖe Twitter dzi gbesiagbe. Le ɣeyiɣi sia me la, tweet siwo zãa &quot;#BlueLivesMatter&quot; kple &quot;#AllLivesMatter&quot; hã dzi ɖe edzi.
* Le May 28, 2020 dzi la, hashtag la kpɔ tweet miliɔn 8.8 kloe, eye gbesiagbe ƒe mamã dedie dzi ɖe edzi va ɖo miliɔn 3.7.

Gake tudada Dallas kpovitɔwo le ƒe 2016 me na be amewo bu nukpɔsusu gbegblẽ geɖe wu le habɔbɔa ŋu le Internet dzi. Le wɔna sia megbe la, #BlackLivesMatter ƒe tweet 39% ɖe tsitretsitsi ɖe habɔbɔa ŋu fia, eye ame geɖe do ƒome kple ƒuƒoƒoa kple ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ eye woyɔ wo gɔ̃ hã be ŋɔdzidonamelawo.

Khadijah White, si nye nufialagã le Rutgers Yunivɛsiti, xɔe se be BLM he aʋawɔwɔ ƒe ƒutsotsoe yeye aɖe vɛ le Ameyibɔ yunivɛsiti sukuviwo dome. Alesi wòle bɔbɔe be woalé kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ƒe video siwo me woɖea nɔnɔmetatawo le ɖe mɔ̃ dzi ahama wo ɖe hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒewo la na amewo va le ŋgɔ yim le xexeame katã. Hashtag sia zazã le afisiafi hã he dunyahela siwo le ɖoƒe kɔkɔwo ƒe susu, eye ɣeaɖewoɣi la, ena wodoa alɔ habɔbɔa.

Le June 2020 me la, wowɔ WikiProject ɖe Wikipedia dzi koŋ be woatsɔ aƒo nu tso Black Lives Matter habɔbɔa ŋu.

Le ƒe 2020 me la, dɔwɔnu si nye TikTok zãlawo de dzesii be edze abe nya siwo woŋlɔ tso BLM alo kpovitɔwo ƒe Ameyibɔwo wuwu nyitsɔ laa ŋu ɣla ene, si nye nuwɔna si woyɔna be &quot;shadow banning (vɔvɔli ƒe mɔxexeɖedɔ).&quot; Emegbe TikTok ɖe kuku, eye wòbu fɔ nyaa ɖe mɔ̃ɖaŋukuxi aɖe ta.[13]

=== Dunyahehe me Afɔɖeɖe ===

Zi geɖe la, Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie (BLM) habɔbɔa zãa afɔɖeɖe tẽ abe tsitretsiɖeŋu kple kpekpewo ene tsɔ naa amewo dzea ŋgɔ ameƒomevinyenye ƒe madzɔmadzɔnyenye ƒe nyawo. Woƒe taɖodzinue nye be yewoahe vevesese si sɔ gbɔ ale gbegbe be womate ŋu aŋe aɖaba aƒu nya siawo dzi o. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, BLM wɔ &quot;die-ins&quot; gɔ̃ hã, afisi gomekpɔlawo wɔa abe ɖe woku ene, abe esi wowɔ le ƒe 2015 Twin Cities Marathon me ene. 

Le woƒe wɔwɔfiawo me la, BLM zãa nya sẽŋu vovovowo tsɔ gblɔa woƒe gbedasia. Esiawo dometɔ aɖewoe nye &quot;Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie,&quot; tsɔ kpe ɖe nyagbewo abe &quot;Asiwo yi dzi, mègada tu o&quot; (si nye nya si wogblɔ tso Michael Brown ŋu, togbɔ be woʋli nya le eƒe nyateƒetoto ŋu emegbe hã), &quot;Nyemate ŋu agbɔ ya o&quot; (si ƒo nu tso Eric Garner kple emegbe George Floyd ŋu), &quot;Yevuwo ƒe ɖoɖoezizi nye ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ,&quot; &quot;Dzɔdzɔenyenye aɖeke meli o, ŋutifafa aɖeke meli o,&quot; kple &quot;Ðe vinyea kplɔe ɖo?&quot; 

Numekuku aɖe si wowɔ le ƒe 2018 me ɖee fia be Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋuwo dzɔna le teƒe siwo kpovitɔwo wu Ameyibɔ geɖe wu, si ɖee fia be kadodo si dze ƒã le kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ƒe nudzɔdzɔ siwo dzɔna le nutoa me kple habɔbɔa ƒe dɔwɔnawo dome.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Williamson, Vanessa; Trump, Kris-Stella; Einstein, Katherine Levine (2018). &quot;[[doi:10.1017/S1537592717004273|Black Lives Matter: Evidence that Police-Caused Deaths Predict Protest Activity]]&quot;. ''Perspectives on Politics''. '''16''' (2): 400–415. doi:1[[doi:10.1017/S1537592717004273|0.1017/S1537592717004273]]. ISSN 1537-5927.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nyadzɔdzɔgblɔmɔnuwo, hadzidzi kple dekɔnuwo ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi bubuwo ===
Tso esime wòdze egɔme le ƒe 2013 me kple hashtag #BlackLivesMatter la, woɖea habɔbɔa fiana eye woƒoa nu tso eŋu le nyadzɔdzɔgblɔmɔnu geɖewo abe sinimawo, hadzidziwo, TV dzi wɔnawo, agbalẽwo, kple aɖaŋudɔwo me. Nyadzɔdzɔdɔwɔƒe geɖe hã le nyatakaka siwo ku ɖe ameƒomevinyenye ƒe madzɔmadzɔnyenye kple Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ƒe habɔbɔa ŋu la mam. Le nyateƒe me la, agbalẽ siwo wota, agbalẽwo, kple television dzi wɔna siwo ku ɖe nyati siawo ŋu va xɔ ŋkɔ ŋutɔ le ƒe 2020. Wozã hawo abe Michael Jackson ƒe &quot;They Don't Care About Us&quot; kple Kendrick Lamar ƒe &quot;Alright&quot; gɔ̃ hã geɖe tsɔ de dzo amewo me le tsitretsiɖeŋunyawo me.

Woɖe ʋuʋua fia le sinima aɖewo koŋ me hã. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, nuŋlɔɖi kpui si nye &quot;Bars4Justice&quot; la lɔ ʋiʋlilawo kple nutala siwo do ƒome kple Black Lives Matter ɖe eme eye wotiae gɔ̃ hã na Ƒe Sia Ƒe ƒe Pan Afrika Sinimawɔƒe ƒe Ŋkekenyui 24 lia. Sinima bubu si nye &quot;Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement,&quot; nye ƒe 2016 ƒe TV dzi nuŋlɔɖi si me Jesse Williams nye akpa vevi aɖe le si ƒo nu tso habɔbɔa ŋu.

Le sinimawo godo la, wova de dzesi Black Lives Matter le nyadzɔdzɔgblɔmɔ̃ bubuwo me. Essence magazine ƒe February 2015 ƒe tata tsɔ eƒe akpa dzi kple emenyawo na habɔbɔa. Azɔ hã, le December 2015 me la, BLM nye hoʋlila sesẽ aɖe na Time magazine ƒe Ƒea ƒe Ame Nyuitɔ ƒe kafukafu, eye wòxɔ nɔƒe enelia le ame enyi siwo di be yewoaxɔ ɖoƒea dome.

Le United States  la, du geɖe ɖee fia be yewole megbe na Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie to gli gã siwo nye &quot;Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie&quot; tata ɖe woƒe ablɔwo dzi tẽ. Àte ŋu akpɔ nukpɔkpɔ sẽŋu siawo le teƒewo abe Washington, D.C., Dallas, Denver, Charlotte, Seattle, Brooklyn, Los Angeles, kple Birmingham, Alabama ene.

Le nudzɔdzɔ ɖedzesi aɖe si dzɔ le May 9, 2016 dzi me la, Delrish Moss va zu Afrika Amerika kpovitɔwo ƒe amegã gbãtɔ le Ferguson, Missouri. Ekpɔe dze sii be dɔ geɖe le ye ŋgɔ, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye be yeana kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔƒea nanye ame vovovowo, yeana ƒomedodo nyuiwo tutuɖo kple nutoa me tɔwo, eye yeakpɔ kuxi siwo tututu na Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie habɔbɔa dze egɔme le gɔmedzedzea me la gbɔ.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2016/05/09/us/ap-us-killings-by-police-ferguson-the-latest.html New Ferguson Police Chief Sworn In], ''The New York Times'', May 9, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nutsotso siwo nye be kpovitɔwo zã ŋusẽ si gbɔ eme ===
Numekuku geɖe ku ɖe alesi ameƒomevi vovovowo wɔa nu kple kpovitɔwo kple zi nenie wozãa ŋusẽ ŋu.

Tso ƒe 2002 va ɖo ƒe 2011 me la, numekuku aɖe si Bureau of Justice Statistics wɔ ɖee fia be Ameyibɔwo (2.8%) xɔe se wu Yevuwo (1.0%) kple Hispaniatɔwo (1.4%) be kpovitɔwo zã ŋusẽ si mewu ame o fũ akpa.

The Washington Post gblɔ be kpovitɔwo le United States da tu ame 1,001 hewu wo le ƒe 2019. Ame siwo wowu la dometɔ siwo ade afã nye Yevuwo, eye wo dometɔ enelia nye Ameyibɔwo. Esia fia be le Amerikatɔ Ameyibɔ miliɔn ɖesiaɖe me la, kpovitɔwo ƒe tudada wu ame 31, si wu Amerikatɔ Yevuwo ƒe teƒe eve (13 le miliɔn ɖesiaɖe me). Washington Post hã ka nya ta be kpovitɔwo da tu Amerikatɔ Ameyibɔ 13 siwo metsɔ tu o hewu wo le ƒe 2019 me.

Numekuku aɖe si Cody Ross wɔ le ƒe 2015 me le UC Davis ɖee fia be vovototo gã aɖe le kpovitɔwo ƒe Amerikatɔ Ameyibɔ siwo metsɔ tu o wuwu me ne wotsɔe sɔ kple Amerikatɔ Yevu siwo metsɔ tu o. Numekuku sia ɖee fia be kpovitɔwo da tu Ameyibɔ siwo metsɔ tu o zi gbɔ zi 3.49 wu Yevu siwo metsɔ tu o, eye le nuto aɖewo me la, afɔku sia ate ŋu asɔ gbɔ wu zi gbɔ zi 20 sɔŋ. Numekukua de dzesii hã be woda tu Ameyibɔ siwo tsɔ tu ɖe asi zi gbɔ zi 2.79 wu Ameyibɔ siwo metsɔ tu o. Vevietɔ la, numekuku sia ƒo nya ta be womate ŋu atsɔ vovototo si le nutoa me nuvlowɔwɔ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ me aɖe ameƒomevinyenye ƒe akpaɖekedzimademade le kpovitɔwo ƒe tudada me si wokpɔ le nutoa me la me o.

Gake numekuku siwo wowɔ tso nya sia ŋu ate ŋu ato vovo. Numekuku aɖe si Cesario kple exɔlɔ̃wo wɔ le ƒe 2019 me. do susua ɖa be esi wobu nuvlowɔwɔ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ŋu vɔ la, kpeɖodzi si me kɔ aɖeke meli si fia be vovototo le ameyibɔwo dome le kpovitɔwo ƒe tudada siwo wua ame me o, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye esiwo ku ɖe dumevi siwo metsɔ tu o alo amenyenye vodadatɔe ŋu o. Gake, ƒe 2020 me numekuku aɖe si Cody Ross et al. melɔ̃ ɖe alesi Cesario et al. numekukua ku eƒe nyatakakawo me. Esi Ross et al. ƒo nya ta be ameƒomevinyenye ƒe akpaɖekedzimademade ɖedzesi aɖe li vavã ne kpovitɔwo da tu Ameyibɔ siwo ŋu wole ɖi kem le siwo metsɔ tu o, gake womekpɔa akpaɖekedzimademade sia ne ame siwo ŋu wole ɖi kem le la tsɔ tu o.

[[File:Police killings in the USA in 2018.svg|thumb|250px|right|Map depicting rates of police killings by state in the United States in 2018]]
Numekuku aɖe si Harvard gaŋutinunyala Roland Fryer wɔ la lé ŋku ɖe kpovitɔwo ƒe gododo ŋu eye wòkpɔe be Ameyibɔ kple Hispaniatɔ ɖekaɖekawo ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ si mewu ame o tso kpovitɔwo gbɔ 50% wu. Gake le kpovitɔwo ƒe tudada si he ku vɛ gome la, mekpɔ ameƒomevinyenye ƒe vovototo aɖeke le nu bubu vovovowo ŋu bubu vɔ megbe o.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fryer |first=Roland |title=An Empirical Analysis of Racial Differences in Police Use of Force |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/fryer/publications/empirical-analysis-racial-differences-police-use-force |journal=Journal of Political Economy }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le vovo me la, ƒe 2019 ƒe numekuku aɖe si wota ɖe PNAS me ƒo nya ta le gɔmedzedzea me be le nyateƒe me la, kpovitɔwo mewu Ameyibɔwo boo o wu Yevuwo, le alesi ameyibɔwo kuna le kpovitɔwo ƒe gododowo me nu. Gake agbalẽa ŋlɔlawo he agbalẽ sia ɖe megbe emegbe. Woɖe eme be togbɔ be yewoƒe nyatakakawo kple mɔnuwo nyo na ŋkuléle ɖe alesi kpovitɔ aɖe ƒe nɔnɔme do ƒome kple ameƒomevi si woda tu hewui ŋu hã la, yewoƒe numekukua menyo ale gbegbe be woatsɔ aɖo eŋu ŋutɔŋutɔ nenye be ameƒomevinyenye ƒe akpaɖekedzimademade le mɔnukpɔkpɔ si li be kpovitɔwo nada tu ame aɖe wòaku, alo le kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me le goawo katã me o. Wogblɔ be wozã yewoƒe dɔa tsɔ da asi ɖe susu si nye be ameŋkumenuwɔwɔ mawo tɔgbe aɖeke meli o dzi, si menye nusi yewoƒe numekukua ɖo kpe edzi ŋutɔŋutɔ o.

Numekuku bubu ɖee fia be nyataƒoƒo aɖewo siwo woƒo do ŋgɔ ku ɖe kpovitɔwo ƒe amewuwu ŋu la flua ame le nane si woyɔna be Simpson ƒe nya si tsi tre ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu ta. Esia fia be togbɔ be adze abe ɖe wowua Yevuwo zi geɖe le kpovitɔwo ƒe gododowo me ene hã la, numekukua ʋli nya be Ameyibɔwo gakpɔtɔ le vovototodedeameme me tom elabena kadodo geɖe wu nɔ wo kple kpovitɔwo dome le gɔmedzedzea me, zi geɖe la, esia tsoa ɖoɖowɔɖi ƒe nya siwo kaka ta. Wotɔa wo enuenu le nuvlowɔwɔ suewo alo nuvlowɔwɔ aɖeke kura gɔ̃ hã ta. To vovo na ema la, Yevuwo mewɔa nu kple kpovitɔwo zi geɖe o, eye ne wowɔe la, zi geɖe la, enyea nuvlowɔwɔ siwo nu sẽ wu, abe tudada ene, afisi kpovitɔwo zãa ŋusẽ le wu. Numekuku sia ke ɖo kpe nusiwo ŋu numekulawo abe Ross kple Fryer ke ɖo dzi, eye wògblɔ be ŋkuléle ɖe amesiwo kuna ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ bliboa ŋu (si fia be ame agbɔsɔsɔme si kpovitɔwo wu tso ƒuƒoƒo aɖe me le woƒe amewo katã dome) kpena ɖe ame ŋu wu ŋkuléle ɖe amesiwo kuna le kpovitɔwo ƒe gododo me ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme ŋu ko.

=== Kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ si mesɔ o le Black Lives Matter nudzɔdzɔwo ŋu ===

Ɣeaɖewoɣi la, Black Lives Matter ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋulawo dzea ŋgɔ nya si tututu ŋu wole nu ƒom tsoe: kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ fũ akpa. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, le May 2020 me la, menye ɖeko kpovitɔwo wɔ nu ɖe ​​tsitretsiɖeŋulawo ŋu ko o, ke wodɔ asrafoha 43,350 hã ɖa be woakpɔ Black Lives Matter ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋulawo gbɔ le dukɔa me godoo. Wozã asrafowo ƒe yameʋu siwo léa ŋku ɖe nu ŋu gɔ̃ hã le tsitretsiɖeŋu siwo wowɔ emegbe me.

Eteƒekpɔlawo, siwo dome U.S. Dukplɔla Joe Biden hã le, ɖee fia be zi geɖe la, ɖusimeʋawɔlawo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo siwo me ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ le, abe U.S. Capitol dzi dzedze le ƒe 2021 me ene, mekpɔa kpovitɔwo ƒe vava boo o eye woɖea dzi ɖi wu ne wotsɔe sɔ kple Black Lives Matter ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋu siwo wowɔ le ŋutifafa me. Nudzɔdzɔ aɖewo hã li siwo me sedzikpɔlawo ɖe akpaɖekedzimademade fia; le kpɔɖeŋu me, le November 2015 me la, woɖe kpovitɔ aɖe le Oregon le ablɔdzidɔ me esi wòŋlɔ nya ɖe hadomenyatakakadzraɖoƒewo be ele be &quot;yeakpɔ bometsila siawo dzi&quot; le nuƒoƒo tso BLM wɔna aɖe si ŋu wowɔ ɖoɖo ɖo ŋu.

Gakpe ɖe eŋu la, nyatakaka aɖe si tso Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Ŋuti Habɔbɔ gbɔ le August 2021 me gblɔ be U.S. dukɔa ƒe dziɖuɖua ɖoe koŋ tɔ ŋku Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋulawo le ƒe 2020 ƒe dzomeŋɔli. Taɖodzinuae nye be yeagblẽ habɔbɔa me ahaɖe dzi le eƒo. Nyatakakaa ɖe eme be nusiwo ŋu yeke ɖo ɖo kpe nusi Ameyibɔ ɖoɖowɔlawo &quot;nya ɣeyiɣi didi aɖee nye sia&quot; le alesi dziɖuɖua wɔa nu ɖe ​​ameƒomevinyenye ƒe dzɔdzɔenyenye ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋuwo kple dɔwɔna siwo do ƒome kplii ŋu le mɔ vovovowo nu ŋu.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/feds-targeted-blm-protesters-attempt-disrupt-movement-report-says-rcna1717 Feds targeted BLM protesters in attempt to disrupt movement, report says]&quot;. ''NBC News''. Associated Press. August 19, 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210819183714/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/feds-targeted-blm-protesters-attempt-disrupt-movement-report-says-rcna1717 Archived] from the original on August 19, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nudzɔdzɔ ɖedzesiwo kple wɔwɔfia siwo wowɔ le United States ƒe ɣeyiɣiɖoɖo ==

=== '''2014''' ===
Le ƒe 2014 me la, Black Lives Matter habɔbɔa wɔ tsitretsiɖeŋunyawo elabena Afrika-Amerikatɔ geɖe ku le kadodo kple kpovitɔwo me. Nya nyanyɛ siwo ŋu wotsi tre ɖo dometɔ aɖewoe nye Dontre Hamilton, Eric Garner, John Crawford III, Michael Brown, Ezell Ford, Laquan McDonald, Akai Gurley, Tamir Rice, Antonio Martin, kple Jerame Reid, kpakple ame bubuwo ƒe ku.

Nudzɔdzɔ wɔnublanui siawo dometɔ ɖekae nye le July me esime Eric Garner ku le New York City. New York City kpovitɔ aɖe zã aŋetu, si ŋu womeɖe mɔ ɖo o, esime wònɔ elém. Wobua Garner ƒe ku zi geɖe be enye kpovitɔwo ƒe Afrika-Amerikatɔwo wuwu vevi siwo kpe ɖe Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ƒe habɔbɔa ŋu la dometɔ ɖeka.

Le Dɔwɔlawo ƒe Ŋkeke ƒe kwasiɖanuwuwu le August me la, Black Lives Matter wɔ ɖoɖo ɖe &quot;Ablɔɖe Dodo&quot; ŋu. Esia na Afrika-Amerikatɔ siwo wu 500 tso U.S. ƒe akpa vovovowo va Ferguson, Missouri, be woado alɔ nutoa me ƒuƒoƒo siwo nɔ tsitre tsim ɖe eŋu le afima. Habɔbɔa gakpɔtɔ nɔ Ferguson ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋunyawo me le Michael Brown wuwu vɔ megbe. Tsitretsiɖeŋu siawo wɔa avu kple nutoa me kple dukɔa ƒe kpovitɔwo ɣeaɖewoɣi, amesiwo tsɔa kpovitɔ siwo tsɔ tu ɖoa eŋu zi geɖe. Ɣeaɖeɣi la, woyɔ Dukɔa ƒe Dzɔlawo gɔ̃ hã, eye woɖe gbeƒã nɔnɔme kpata aɖe.

Le ƒe ma ƒe August me la, kpovitɔ siwo le Los Angeles da tu Ezell Ford hewui, si na Black Lives Matter ƒe ʋiʋli le dua me si yi edzi vaseɖe ƒe 2015 me.&lt;ref&gt;Grad, Shelby (October 20, 2015). [https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-how-black-lives-matter-became-a-thorn-in-the-side-for-l-a-leaders-story-so-far-20151020-htmlstory.html &quot;How Black Lives Matter became a thorn in the side of L.A. leaders&quot;.] ''[[:en:Los_Angeles_Times|Los Angeles Times]]''. Retrieved December 21, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

Le November ma me, le New York City la, kpovitɔ aɖe da tu Akai Gurley, si nye Ameyibɔ si xɔ ƒe 28, hewui. Emegbe Black Lives Matter tsi tre ɖe Gurley ƒe ku ŋu le New York City. Le November hã me, le Oakland, California, la, wolé Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ƒe taʋlila wuiene esi wotɔ keteke gaƒoƒo ɖeka kple edzivɔ le Black Friday, si nye asiƒlegbe si me vovo menɔa ame ŋu kura o la dzi. Tsitretsiɖeŋu sia si Black Lives Matter ƒe gɔmeɖoanyila Alicia Garza nɔ ŋgɔ na la dzɔ elabena ʋɔnudrɔ̃ƒe gã aɖe tso nya me be yewomatsɔ nya ɖe kpovitɔ Darren Wilson ŋu be ewu Michael Brown o.

Nublanuinya bubu si dzɔ le November me enye esime Cleveland kpovitɔ aɖe da tu Tamir Rice, si nye ŋutsuvi Ameyibɔ aɖe si xɔ ƒe 12, hewui. Wobu Rice ƒe ku hã be enye nudzɔdzɔ vevi siwo kpe ɖe Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ƒe habɔbɔa ŋu la dometɔ ɖeka.

Le December me la, ame akpe eve va ɖo akpe etɔ̃ ƒe ƒuƒoƒo gã aɖe ƒo ƒu ɖe Amerikatɔwo ƒe Asitsaƒe si le Bloomington, Minnesota. Wonɔ tsitre tsim ɖe Ameyibɔ ŋutsu siwo metsɔ tu o siwo kpovitɔwo wu ŋu. Kpovitɔ siwo le asitsaƒea va dzra ɖo kple ʋunyaʋunyawɔwɔ ƒe dɔwɔnuwo kple avu siwo le bɔmb ʋeʋẽm, eye wolé tsitretsiɖeŋula blaeve ya teti. Asitsaƒea ƒe dɔdzikpɔlawo gblɔ be &quot;ete ɖe yewo dzi ŋutɔ&quot; be Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbenɔnɔ Le Vevie ƒe ɖoɖowɔlawo tiae be yewoaŋe aɖaba aƒu yewoƒe se siwo ku ɖe mɔɖeɖe ɖe dunyahehe me ʋiʋliwo ŋu le asitsaƒea ƒe anyigba dzi o ŋu.

Le ɣeyiɣi ma ke me la, le Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Black Lives Matter tsi tre ɖe  Dontre Hamilton, si ku le April me la wuwu ŋu. Habɔbɔa ƒo nu tsi tre ɖe John Crawford III wuwu hã ŋu, eye woɖe tsitre tsim ɖe Renisha McBride wuwu ŋu.

Le December me, le adaŋudeha gã la ƒe nyametsotso be yewomatsɔ nya ɖe kpovitɔ Darren Wilson ŋu le Michael Brown wuwu ta o megbe la, wowɔ tsitretsiɖeŋu ƒe azɔlizɔzɔ aɖe le Berkeley, California. Emegbe le ƒe 2015 me la, tsitretsiɖeŋula kple nyadzɔdzɔŋlɔla aɖewo siwo nɔ kpekpe ma me tsɔ nya ɖe yewo ŋu le se nu, eye wogblɔ be &quot;kpovitɔwo ƒe amedzidzedze siwo mewɔ ɖeka kple dukplɔsea o&quot; dze yewo dzi.

Kwasiɖa ɖeka pɛ ko le Michael Brown ƒe ʋɔnudɔdrɔ̃a megbe la, ŋutsu aɖe si ŋkɔe nye Ismaaiyl Brinsley wu kpovitɔ eve nublanuitɔe le New York City, amesi gblɔ be yedi be yeawu kpovitɔwo atsɔ abia hlɔ̃ Eric Garner kple Michael Brown ƒe ku. Black Lives Matter bu fɔ tudada sia le dutoƒo. Gake ɖusimetɔwo ƒe nyadzɔdzɔdɔwɔƒe aɖewo dze agbagba be yewoatsɔ ƒuƒoƒoa asɔ kple ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔa. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, Patrolman’s Benevolent Association ƒe zimenɔla gblɔ be “ʋu le [asiwo] amesiwo de dzi ƒo na ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ le ablɔdzi le tsitretsiɖeŋu ƒe atsyɔ̃ɖoɖo me la ƒe asiwo dzi.” TV dzi numeɖela aɖe si léa blemakɔnuléleɖeasi me ɖe asi hã dze agbagba be yeatsɔ Black Lives Matter asɔ kple tsitretsiɖeŋula siwo wogblɔ be wonɔ ɣli dom be yewodi &quot;kpovitɔ kukuwo&quot; le &quot;Millions March&quot; me le December ma me, togbɔ be ƒuƒoƒo vovovowoe wɔ ɖoɖo ɖe azɔlizɔzɔ sia ŋu hã.&lt;ref&gt;Clayton, Dewey M. (2018). &quot;Black Lives Matter and the Civil Rights Movement: A Comparative Analysis of Two Social Movements in the United States&quot;. ''[[:en:Journal_of_Black_Studies|Journal of Black Studies]]''. '''49''' (5): 448–480. doi:[[doi:10.1177/0021934718764099|10.1177/0021934718764099.]] S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:148805128 148805128.]&lt;/ref&gt;

'''2015'''

Le ƒe 2015 me la, Black Lives Matter habɔbɔa yi edzi nɔ tsitre tsim ɖe Afrika Amerikatɔ geɖe siwo ku le kpovitɔwo ƒe nuwɔnawo ta ŋu. Esiawo dometɔ aɖewoe nye Charley Leundeu Keunang, Tony Robinson, Anthony Hill, Meagan Hockaday, Eric Harris, Walter Scott, Freddie Gray, William Chapman, Jonathan Sanders, Sandra Bland, Samuel DuBose, Jeremy McDole, Corey Jones, kple Jamar Clark ƒe ku. Wotsi tre ɖe Dylann Roof ƒe &quot;The Charleston Nine&quot; (ame enyi siwo wowu le sɔlemexɔ aɖe me le Charleston) wuwu hã ŋu.

Le March me la, BLM ƒe ʋiʋlilawo tsi tre ɖe Chicago Dumegã Rahm Emanuel ƒe dɔwɔƒe, eye woƒoe ɖe wo nu be woawɔ tɔtrɔwo le Chicago Kpovitɔwo ƒe Dɔwɔƒea me. Le ɣeyiɣi ma ke me lɔƒo la, kpovitɔwo da tu Charley Leundeu Keunang, si xɔ ƒe 43 si tso Cameroon, wòku le Los Angeles. Wolé ame 14 le BLM ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋu le eƒe ku ta megbe.

Le April me la, Black Lives Matter ƒuƒoƒo siwo le United States godoo tsi tre ɖe Freddie Gray ƒe ku ŋu, si me ƒe 2015 ƒe Baltimore ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋu si bɔ ɖe afisiafi hã nɔ. Ele be woayɔ Dukɔa ƒe Dzɔlawo le wɔna siawo me. Esi wowu Walter Scott le North Charleston, South Carolina megbe la, Black Lives Matter tsi tre ɖe eƒe ku ŋu eye wobia tso dukɔmeviwo si be woakpɔ kpovitɔwo dzi geɖe wu.

Le May me la, BLM ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋu aɖe si wowɔ le San Francisco nye dukɔa ƒe agbagbadzedze si woyɔna be &quot;SayHerName&quot; ƒe akpa aɖe. Habɔbɔ sia ƒe taɖodzinue nye be yeatsi tre ɖe kpovitɔwo ƒe Ameyibɔ nyɔnuwo kple nyɔnuviwo wuwu ŋu, eye yewoahe susu ayi nyawo abe Meagan Hockaday, Aiyana Jones, Rekia Boyd, kple bubuawo ene dzi. Le May hã me la, le Cleveland, Ohio la, BLM tsi tre ɖe eŋu esi wokpɔe be kpovitɔ aɖe meɖi fɔ le Timothy Russell kple Malissa Williams wuwu me o. Eye le Madison, Wisconsin la, BLM tsi tre ɖe eŋu esime wometsɔ nya ɖe kpovitɔ aɖe ŋu le Tony Robinson wuwu ta o.

Le June me, esi woda tu Dylann Roof le sɔlemexɔ aɖe si me Ameyibɔwo nɔ le ŋutinya me le Charleston, South Carolina megbe la, Black Lives Matter (BLM) ƒuƒoƒo siwo le dukɔa me godoo wɔ ɖoɖo ɖe azɔlizɔzɔ, tsitretsiɖeŋu, kple ŋudzɔnɔnɔ ŋu ŋkeke geɖe. BLM ƒe ʋiʋlilawo kpɔ gome le ŋutifafazɔzɔ aɖe hã me le Arthur Ravenel Jr. Tɔdzisasrã si le South Carolina. Le Charleston ƒe tudadaa megbe la, wogblẽ ŋkuɖodzinu geɖe siwo wotsɔ ɖo Dukɔwo Dome Habɔbɔa me kple &quot;Black Lives Matter&quot; ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔwo. Le McKinney, Texas, la, ame siwo ade 800 tsi tre ɖe eŋu esi video aɖe do si me kpovitɔ aɖe tsɔ eƒe klowo ƒo nyɔnuvi aɖe ɖe anyigba le tadeaguƒe ƒe kplɔ̃ɖoƒe aɖe.

Le July me la, BLM ƒe ʋiʋlilawo le United States godoo dze tsitretsitsi ɖe Sandra Bland, nyɔnu Ameyibɔ aɖe si wogblɔ be wohe ɖe ati ŋu le gaxɔ aɖe me le Waller County, Texas, ƒe ku gɔme. Le Cincinnati, Ohio la, BLM ƒo ƒu hetsi tre ɖe Samuel DuBose, amesi Cincinnati Yunivɛsiti kpovitɔ aɖe da tu hewu la ƒe ku ŋu. Le Newark, New Jersey la, BLM ƒe ʋiʋlilawo wu akpe ɖeka zɔ mɔ tsɔ tsi tre ɖe kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ, ameƒomevinyenye ƒe madzɔmadzɔnyenye, kple ganyawo ƒe madzɔmadzɔnyenye ŋu. Le July hã me la, BLM tsi tre ɖe Jonathan Sanders ƒe ku ŋu, amesi ku esime kpovitɔwo lée le Mississippi.

Le August me la, Black Lives Matter (BLM) ƒe ɖoɖowɔlawo wɔ kpekpe aɖe le Washington, D.C., tsɔ bia be woadzudzɔ ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ɖe nyɔnu siwo trɔ woƒe vidzinu ŋu. Le ɣeyiɣi ma ke me lɔƒo, le Charlotte, North Carolina, la, ʋɔnudrɔ̃la aɖe gblɔ be womedrɔ̃ ʋɔnu yevu kpovitɔ aɖe si wu Ameyibɔ aɖe si metsɔ tu o si ŋkɔe nye Jonathan Ferrell la ƒe nya la me. Le esia ta la, BLM tsi tre ɖe eŋu eye wowɔ &quot;die-ins,&quot; afisi amewo wɔa abe ɖe woku ene. Le Philadelphia, Pennsylvania la, nutala xɔŋkɔwo abe Janelle Monáe kple Jidenna ene, kpakple BLM ƒe ʋiʋlila bubuwo zɔ to Dziehe Philadelphia be yewoana amewo nanya nu tso kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ kple Ameyibɔwo ƒe Agbe Le Vevie habɔbɔa ŋu. Eye le August 9th lɔƒo, si nye Michael Brown ƒe ku ƒe ƒe ɖeka ƒe ŋkuɖodzizã la, BLM ƒuƒoƒowo ƒo ƒu, wɔ ŋudzɔnɔnɔ, eye wozɔ mɔ le St. Louis kple dukɔ bliboa me.

Le September me la, Black Lives Matter (BLM) ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋula siwo wu alafa atɔ̃ ƒo ƒu le Austin, Texas, be yewoaƒo nu tsi tre ɖe kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ŋu, eye wo dometɔ aɖewo tsɔ tsitretsiɖeŋu ƒe aflagawo gɔ̃ hã ɖe asi yi Interstate 35. Le Baltimore, Maryland la, BLM ƒe ʋiʋlilawo zɔ mɔ heɖe woƒe tsitretsiɖeŋu esime wodze ʋɔnudrɔ̃ƒewo ƒe nyadɔdrɔ̃ gɔme le kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ƒe nya si ku ɖe Freddie Gray ŋu ta. Le ɣeyiɣi ma ke me le Sacramento, California, BLM ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋula siwo ade alafa enyi ƒo ƒu be yewoada asi ɖe dukɔa ƒe se aɖe si ana dukɔmeviwo nakpɔ kpovitɔwo dzi geɖe wu la dzi. BLM hã tsi tre ɖe Jeremy McDole wuwu ŋu.

Le October me la, wolé Black Lives Matter ƒe nyaʋiʋlilawo esime wonɔ tsitre tsim ɖe kpovitɔwo ƒe amegãwo ƒe takpekpe aɖe me le Chicago. Ɣleti sia hã nye &quot;Rise Up October,&quot; tsitretsiɖeŋunya siwo kplɔ wo nɔewo ɖo siwo do ƒome kple Black Lives Matter habɔbɔa, afisi wowɔ wɔwɔfia geɖe le. Ame ŋkutawo abe Quentin Tarantino kple Cornel West kpɔ gome le &quot;Rise Up October&quot; me tsɔ bu fɔ kpovitɔwo ƒe ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ.

Le November me la, Black Lives Matter (BLM) ƒe nyaʋiʋlilawo tsi tre ɖe eŋu esi Minneapolis Kpovitɔwo ƒe Dɔwɔƒe da tu Jamar Clark vɔ megbe. Emegbe woɖo tsitretsiɖeŋunya aɖe si yi edzi le Minneapolis 4th Precinct Kpovitɔwo ƒe dɔwɔƒe. Le tsitretsiɖeŋu sia si yi edzi me la, tsitretsiɖeŋula aɖewo kple gotagome kuxiwɔlawo wɔ avu kple kpovitɔwo, wogblẽ nu le ʋudzeƒea ŋu, eye wodze agbagba gɔ̃ hã be yewoatsɔ SUV-ʋu aɖe aƒoe.

Emegbe le ɣleti ma me la, wowɔ ɖoɖo ɖe azɔlizɔzɔ aɖe ŋu tsɔ de bubu Jamar Clark ŋu, eye wotso 4th Precinct yi Minneapolis ƒe titina. Le azɔlizɔzɔa megbe la, ŋutsuwo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo aɖe si tsɔ tu ɖe asi eye wodo ŋutilã ƒe aʋawɔnuwo do. Black Lives Matter ƒe nyanuɖela gblɔ be ŋutsu siawo te ameƒomevinyenye ƒe nya ƒaƒãwo gbɔgblɔ ɖe tsitretsiɖeŋulawo ŋu. Esi tsitretsiɖeŋulawo bia tso ŋutsu siwo tsɔ tu la si be woadzo la, ŋutsuawo da tu, eye woda tu tsitretsiɖeŋula atɔ̃. Ehiã be ame atɔ̃awo katã nayi kɔdzi, gake woƒe abi siwo woxɔ la mede woƒe agbe afɔku me o. Tudalaawo si gake emegbe wova ke ɖe wo ŋu helé wo. Ŋutsu etɔ̃ siwo wolé la nye sɔhɛwo kple Yevuwo, eye ame siwo kpɔ wo la yɔa wo be yevuwo ƒe amegãwo.

Le February 2017 me la, wobu fɔ ŋutsu siwo wolé la dometɔ ɖeka, Allen Scarsella, ɖe nutsotso sesẽ wuieve siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye amedzidzedze kple ʋunyaʋunyawɔwɔ, siwo do ƒome kple tudadaa ta. Ʋɔnudrɔ̃la la de dzesii be Scarsella ɖo ameƒomevinyenye ƒe gbedasiwo ɖe exɔlɔ̃wo ɣleti geɖe hafi woda tu, eye wògbe nya si eƒe aʋatsoɖasefowo gblɔ be yenye “ame manyanu” la. Le April 2017 me la, wotso afia na Scarsella be wòanɔ gaxɔ me ƒe 15, le ƒe 20 ƒe tohehe si woate ŋu ahe nɛ la dome.

Tso November 2016 me la, Black Lives Matter (BLM) habɔbɔa le tsitre tsim ɖe Laquan McDonald wuwu ŋu. Wole biabiam tso amegã geɖe siwo le Chicago si be woaɖe asi le woƒe dɔwo ŋu le alesi tudadaa dzɔe kple alesi wokpɔ egbɔe le ema megbe ta. Chicago Kpovitɔ Jason Van Dyke da tu Laquan McDonald zi gbɔ zi 16 sɔŋ.&lt;ref&gt;Lopez, German (November 25, 2015). &quot;[https://www.vox.com/explainers/2015/11/24/9796704/laquan-mcdonald-police-shooting-chicago The Chicago police shooting of Laquan McDonald, explained]&quot;. Vox. Retrieved July 23, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Black Lives Matter protest against St. Paul police brutality (21552673186).jpg|thumb|Black Lives Matter protest on September 20, 2015, against police brutality in [[St. Paul, Minnesota]]]]

== Nya siawo tsoƒe ==</text>
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    <title>Berlin Conference</title>
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      <text bytes="666" sha1="jrj7sz35xsfpoh3wtuttdneb39hoay8" xml:space="preserve">Berlin Takpekpe si wowɔ le ƒe 1884–1885 nye dutanyigbadziɖuɖuwo ƒe kpekpe si wu enu kple asidede Berlin Se Gã la te,&lt;ref&gt;https://archive.org/details/belgiancongoberl00keituoft/page/56/mode/2up?q=stanley&lt;/ref&gt; [1]nubabla si ku ɖe Europatɔwo ƒe dutanyigbadziɖuɖu kple asitsatsa ŋu le Afrika le Fiaɖuƒe Yeye ƒe ɣeyiɣia me. Otto von Bismarck, si nye Germany ƒe dziɖuɖumegã gbãtɔ, ye wɔ ɖoɖo ɖe dukɔ wuiene ƒe takpekpea ŋu le Leopold II si tso Belgium ƒe biabia nu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWEuj0PA_JY&lt;/ref&gt;Ekpe le November 15, 1884 dzi eye le heheɖemegbe megbe la, ewu enu le February 26, 1885 dzi esi wode asi Se Gã la te.</text>
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      <text bytes="1017" sha1="9wv6331olvtqueikbdb6dfoic5q1oxf" xml:space="preserve">Berlin Takpekpe si wowɔ le ƒe 1884–1885 nye dutanyigbadziɖuɖuwo ƒe kpekpe si wu enu kple asidede Berlin Se Gã la te,&lt;ref&gt;https://archive.org/details/belgiancongoberl00keituoft/page/56/mode/2up?q=stanley&lt;/ref&gt; [1]nubabla si ku ɖe Europatɔwo ƒe dutanyigbadziɖuɖu kple asitsatsa ŋu le Afrika le Fiaɖuƒe Yeye ƒe ɣeyiɣia me. Otto von Bismarck, si nye Germany ƒe dziɖuɖumegã gbãtɔ, ye wɔ ɖoɖo ɖe dukɔ wuiene ƒe takpekpea ŋu le Leopold II si tso Belgium ƒe biabia nu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWEuj0PA_JY&lt;/ref&gt;Ekpe le November 15, 1884 dzi eye le heheɖemegbe megbe la, ewu enu le February 26, 1885 dzi esi wode asi Se Gã la te.Woateŋu abu Berlin ƒe Se Gã la be enye Afrika ƒe Aʋawɔwɔ si nɔ edzi yim xoxo la ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ le se nu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.thepostil.com/in-defense-of-german-colonialism/&lt;/ref&gt;Takpekpea kpe asi ɖe Europa-dukɔwo ƒe dutanyigbadziɖuɖu ƒe ɣeyiɣi si dzi ɖe edzi la hehe vɛ ŋu, eye wogblɔna ɣeaɖewoɣi be eya gbɔe &quot;Afrika ƒe kpa&quot; tso</text>
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      <text bytes="1352" sha1="62umiz9uosb9efyffoh15nm4g9c8vkn" xml:space="preserve">Berlin Takpekpe si wowɔ le ƒe 1884–1885 nye dutanyigbadziɖuɖuwo ƒe kpekpe si wu enu kple asidede Berlin Se Gã la te,&lt;ref&gt;https://archive.org/details/belgiancongoberl00keituoft/page/56/mode/2up?q=stanley&lt;/ref&gt; [1]nubabla si ku ɖe Europatɔwo ƒe dutanyigbadziɖuɖu kple asitsatsa ŋu le Afrika le Fiaɖuƒe Yeye ƒe ɣeyiɣia me. Otto von Bismarck, si nye Germany ƒe dziɖuɖumegã gbãtɔ, ye wɔ ɖoɖo ɖe dukɔ wuiene ƒe takpekpea ŋu le Leopold II si tso Belgium ƒe biabia nu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWEuj0PA_JY&lt;/ref&gt;Ekpe le November 15, 1884 dzi eye le heheɖemegbe megbe la, ewu enu le February 26, 1885 dzi esi wode asi Se Gã la te.Woateŋu abu Berlin ƒe Se Gã la be enye Afrika ƒe Aʋawɔwɔ si nɔ edzi yim xoxo la ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ le se nu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.thepostil.com/in-defense-of-german-colonialism/&lt;/ref&gt;Takpekpea kpe asi ɖe Europa-dukɔwo ƒe dutanyigbadziɖuɖu ƒe ɣeyiɣi si dzi ɖe edzi la hehe vɛ ŋu, eye wogblɔna ɣeaɖewoɣi be eya gbɔe &quot;Afrika ƒe kpa&quot; 

.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001/acref-9780195337709-e-0467&lt;/ref&gt;Ke hã, agbalẽnyala aɖewo xlɔ̃ nu be woagagblɔ akpa si wòwɔ le Afrika ƒe mama le dutanyigbawo dzi me wòagbɔ eme o, eye wohe susu yi dukɔ eve ƒe nubabla gbogbo siwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ na takpekpea kple emegbe dzi.</text>
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      <text bytes="1828" sha1="gfk0900kvp1zw9pnx7ah49em3wgxz61" xml:space="preserve">Berlin Takpekpe si wowɔ le ƒe 1884–1885 nye dutanyigbadziɖuɖuwo ƒe kpekpe si wu enu kple asidede Berlin Se Gã la te,&lt;ref&gt;https://archive.org/details/belgiancongoberl00keituoft/page/56/mode/2up?q=stanley&lt;/ref&gt; [1]nubabla si ku ɖe Europatɔwo ƒe dutanyigbadziɖuɖu kple asitsatsa ŋu le Afrika le Fiaɖuƒe Yeye ƒe ɣeyiɣia me. Otto von Bismarck, si nye Germany ƒe dziɖuɖumegã gbãtɔ, ye wɔ ɖoɖo ɖe dukɔ wuiene ƒe takpekpea ŋu le Leopold II si tso Belgium ƒe biabia nu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWEuj0PA_JY&lt;/ref&gt;Ekpe le November 15, 1884 dzi eye le heheɖemegbe megbe la, ewu enu le February 26, 1885 dzi esi wode asi Se Gã la te.Woateŋu abu Berlin ƒe Se Gã la be enye Afrika ƒe Aʋawɔwɔ si nɔ edzi yim xoxo la ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ le se nu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.thepostil.com/in-defense-of-german-colonialism/&lt;/ref&gt;Takpekpea kpe asi ɖe Europa-dukɔwo ƒe dutanyigbadziɖuɖu ƒe ɣeyiɣi si dzi ɖe edzi la hehe vɛ ŋu, eye wogblɔna ɣeaɖewoɣi be eya gbɔe &quot;Afrika ƒe kpa&quot; 

.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001/acref-9780195337709-e-0467&lt;/ref&gt;Ke hã, agbalẽnyala aɖewo xlɔ̃ nu be woagagblɔ akpa si wòwɔ le Afrika ƒe mama le dutanyigbawo dzi me wòagbɔ eme o, eye wohe susu yi dukɔ eve ƒe nubabla gbogbo siwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ na takpekpea kple emegbe dzi.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-Katzenellenbogen_5-0&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Flril%2Flrv002&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-Crowe_7-1&lt;/ref&gt;Numekuku aɖe si wowɔ le ƒe 2024 me ɖee fia be liƒo siwo woɖo le takpekpea me koe nye Congo nutoa tɔ (eye wogbugbɔ trɔ asi le esiawo ŋu emegbe), eye be Afrika ƒe liƒo akpa gãtɔ mexɔ woƒe nɔnɔme mamlɛtɔ o vaseɖe ƒe blaeve kple edzivɔ megbe.</text>
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      <text bytes="1986" sha1="2a0xjknzwxwaontonakw7cj7ipsup0g" xml:space="preserve">Berlin Takpekpe si wowɔ le ƒe 1884–1885 nye dutanyigbadziɖuɖuwo ƒe kpekpe si wu enu kple asidede Berlin Se Gã la te,&lt;ref&gt;https://archive.org/details/belgiancongoberl00keituoft/page/56/mode/2up?q=stanley&lt;/ref&gt; [1]nubabla si ku ɖe Europatɔwo ƒe dutanyigbadziɖuɖu kple asitsatsa ŋu le Afrika le Fiaɖuƒe Yeye ƒe ɣeyiɣia me. Otto von Bismarck, si nye Germany ƒe dziɖuɖumegã gbãtɔ, ye wɔ ɖoɖo ɖe dukɔ wuiene ƒe takpekpea ŋu le Leopold II si tso Belgium ƒe biabia nu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWEuj0PA_JY&lt;/ref&gt;Ekpe le November 15, 1884 dzi eye le heheɖemegbe megbe la, ewu enu le February 26, 1885 dzi esi wode asi Se Gã la te.Woateŋu abu Berlin ƒe Se Gã la be enye Afrika ƒe Aʋawɔwɔ si nɔ edzi yim xoxo la ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ le se nu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.thepostil.com/in-defense-of-german-colonialism/&lt;/ref&gt;Takpekpea kpe asi ɖe Europa-dukɔwo ƒe dutanyigbadziɖuɖu ƒe ɣeyiɣi si dzi ɖe edzi la hehe vɛ ŋu, eye wogblɔna ɣeaɖewoɣi be eya gbɔe &quot;Afrika ƒe kpa&quot; 

.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001/acref-9780195337709-e-0467&lt;/ref&gt;Ke hã, agbalẽnyala aɖewo xlɔ̃ nu be woagagblɔ akpa si wòwɔ le Afrika ƒe mama le dutanyigbawo dzi me wòagbɔ eme o, eye wohe susu yi dukɔ eve ƒe nubabla gbogbo siwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ na takpekpea kple emegbe dzi.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-Katzenellenbogen_5-0&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Flril%2Flrv002&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-Crowe_7-1&lt;/ref&gt;Numekuku aɖe si wowɔ le ƒe 2024 me ɖee fia be liƒo siwo woɖo le takpekpea me koe nye Congo nutoa tɔ (eye wogbugbɔ trɔ asi le esiawo ŋu emegbe), eye be Afrika ƒe liƒo akpa gãtɔ mexɔ woƒe nɔnɔme mamlɛtɔ o vaseɖe ƒe blaeve kple edzivɔ megbe.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003055424000054&lt;/ref&gt; Wm. Gake Roger Louis lɔ̃ ɖe edzi be &quot;Berlin Sea do ƒome kple Afrika ƒe mama ƒe zɔzɔme nyateƒe.</text>
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      <text bytes="2683" sha1="s8wfln11mhi6bvpd53tu74hvrdhms1a" xml:space="preserve">Berlin Takpekpe si wowɔ le ƒe 1884–1885 nye dutanyigbadziɖuɖuwo ƒe kpekpe si wu enu kple asidede Berlin Se Gã la te,&lt;ref&gt;https://archive.org/details/belgiancongoberl00keituoft/page/56/mode/2up?q=stanley&lt;/ref&gt; [1]nubabla si ku ɖe Europatɔwo ƒe dutanyigbadziɖuɖu kple asitsatsa ŋu le Afrika le Fiaɖuƒe Yeye ƒe ɣeyiɣia me. Otto von Bismarck, si nye Germany ƒe dziɖuɖumegã gbãtɔ, ye wɔ ɖoɖo ɖe dukɔ wuiene ƒe takpekpea ŋu le Leopold II si tso Belgium ƒe biabia nu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWEuj0PA_JY&lt;/ref&gt;Ekpe le November 15, 1884 dzi eye le heheɖemegbe megbe la, ewu enu le February 26, 1885 dzi esi wode asi Se Gã la te.Woateŋu abu Berlin ƒe Se Gã la be enye Afrika ƒe Aʋawɔwɔ si nɔ edzi yim xoxo la ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ le se nu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.thepostil.com/in-defense-of-german-colonialism/&lt;/ref&gt;Takpekpea kpe asi ɖe Europa-dukɔwo ƒe dutanyigbadziɖuɖu ƒe ɣeyiɣi si dzi ɖe edzi la hehe vɛ ŋu, eye wogblɔna ɣeaɖewoɣi be eya gbɔe &quot;Afrika ƒe kpa&quot; 

.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001/acref-9780195337709-e-0467&lt;/ref&gt;Ke hã, agbalẽnyala aɖewo xlɔ̃ nu be woagagblɔ akpa si wòwɔ le Afrika ƒe mama le dutanyigbawo dzi me wòagbɔ eme o, eye wohe susu yi dukɔ eve ƒe nubabla gbogbo siwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ na takpekpea kple emegbe dzi.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-Katzenellenbogen_5-0&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Flril%2Flrv002&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-Crowe_7-1&lt;/ref&gt;Numekuku aɖe si wowɔ le ƒe 2024 me ɖee fia be liƒo siwo woɖo le takpekpea me koe nye Congo nutoa tɔ (eye wogbugbɔ trɔ asi le esiawo ŋu emegbe), eye be Afrika ƒe liƒo akpa gãtɔ mexɔ woƒe nɔnɔme mamlɛtɔ o vaseɖe ƒe blaeve kple edzivɔ megbe.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003055424000054&lt;/ref&gt; Wm. Gake Roger Louis lɔ̃ ɖe edzi be &quot;Berlin Sea do ƒome kple Afrika ƒe mama ƒe zɔzɔme nyateƒe.

Wogblɔ nukpɔsusu bubu aɖe be Takpekpea ku ɖe gbegbe be woagaxɔ aʋawɔnu yeyewo na Afrika o. Woto tu si wotsɔna ƒoa tue vɛ nyitsɔ laa, si nye aʋawɔnu si tsrɔ̃a ame gbogbowo ɣemaɣi, eye ne woate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe esia nu le Afrika la, anye ne woate ŋu aɖu edzi kaba. Esi wònye be wogblẽa mɔxexeɖedɔa nu godoo ta la, ahiã vevie be woawɔ nu kaba. Ethiopia te ŋu xɔ egbegbe aʋawɔnuwo tso Fiaɖuƒe Russia si na Ethiopia te ŋu lé eƒe ɖokuisinɔnɔ me ɖe asi. Russiatɔwo ƒe Tɔtrɔ Kpata si dzɔ le ƒe 1917 me ye nye mɔxexeɖedɔ sia ƒe ku ƒe ɖiɖi.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.academia.edu/127828539/Ethiopia_and_Berlin_Keys_to_understanding_the_Ukraine_conflict/Dapo&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="3833" sha1="bcb32z9mizsow0p8lq5d76mew1oxui6" xml:space="preserve">Berlin Takpekpe si wowɔ le ƒe 1884–1885 nye dutanyigbadziɖuɖuwo ƒe kpekpe si wu enu kple asidede Berlin Se Gã la te,&lt;ref&gt;https://archive.org/details/belgiancongoberl00keituoft/page/56/mode/2up?q=stanley&lt;/ref&gt; [1]nubabla si ku ɖe Europatɔwo ƒe dutanyigbadziɖuɖu kple asitsatsa ŋu le Afrika le Fiaɖuƒe Yeye ƒe ɣeyiɣia me. Otto von Bismarck, si nye Germany ƒe dziɖuɖumegã gbãtɔ, ye wɔ ɖoɖo ɖe dukɔ wuiene ƒe takpekpea ŋu le Leopold II si tso Belgium ƒe biabia nu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWEuj0PA_JY&lt;/ref&gt;Ekpe le November 15, 1884 dzi eye le heheɖemegbe megbe la, ewu enu le February 26, 1885 dzi esi wode asi Se Gã la te.Woateŋu abu Berlin ƒe Se Gã la be enye Afrika ƒe Aʋawɔwɔ si nɔ edzi yim xoxo la ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ le se nu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.thepostil.com/in-defense-of-german-colonialism/&lt;/ref&gt;Takpekpea kpe asi ɖe Europa-dukɔwo ƒe dutanyigbadziɖuɖu ƒe ɣeyiɣi si dzi ɖe edzi la hehe vɛ ŋu, eye wogblɔna ɣeaɖewoɣi be eya gbɔe &quot;Afrika ƒe kpa&quot; 

.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001/acref-9780195337709-e-0467&lt;/ref&gt;Ke hã, agbalẽnyala aɖewo xlɔ̃ nu be woagagblɔ akpa si wòwɔ le Afrika ƒe mama le dutanyigbawo dzi me wòagbɔ eme o, eye wohe susu yi dukɔ eve ƒe nubabla gbogbo siwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ na takpekpea kple emegbe dzi.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-Katzenellenbogen_5-0&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Flril%2Flrv002&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-Crowe_7-1&lt;/ref&gt;Numekuku aɖe si wowɔ le ƒe 2024 me ɖee fia be liƒo siwo woɖo le takpekpea me koe nye Congo nutoa tɔ (eye wogbugbɔ trɔ asi le esiawo ŋu emegbe), eye be Afrika ƒe liƒo akpa gãtɔ mexɔ woƒe nɔnɔme mamlɛtɔ o vaseɖe ƒe blaeve kple edzivɔ megbe.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003055424000054&lt;/ref&gt; Wm. Gake Roger Louis lɔ̃ ɖe edzi be &quot;Berlin Sea do ƒome kple Afrika ƒe mama ƒe zɔzɔme nyateƒe.

Wogblɔ nukpɔsusu bubu aɖe be Takpekpea ku ɖe gbegbe be woagaxɔ aʋawɔnu yeyewo na Afrika o. Woto tu si wotsɔna ƒoa tue vɛ nyitsɔ laa, si nye aʋawɔnu si tsrɔ̃a ame gbogbowo ɣemaɣi, eye ne woate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe esia nu le Afrika la, anye ne woate ŋu aɖu edzi kaba. Esi wònye be wogblẽa mɔxexeɖedɔa nu godoo ta la, ahiã vevie be woawɔ nu kaba. Ethiopia te ŋu xɔ egbegbe aʋawɔnuwo tso Fiaɖuƒe Russia si na Ethiopia te ŋu lé eƒe ɖokuisinɔnɔ me ɖe asi. Russiatɔwo ƒe Tɔtrɔ Kpata si dzɔ le ƒe 1917 me ye nye mɔxexeɖedɔ sia ƒe ku ƒe ɖiɖi.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.academia.edu/127828539/Ethiopia_and_Berlin_Keys_to_understanding_the_Ukraine_conflict/Dapo&lt;/ref&gt;

Ganyawo hãe ʋã Europa-dukɔwo, elabena hoʋiʋli ɖe dzɔdzɔmenu gbogbo siwo le anyigbagã la dzi ŋu nɔ vevie ŋutɔ na dɔwɔƒewo ƒe ŋgɔyiyi kple kekeɖenudɔwo. Esi Europa-dɔwɔƒewo nɔ dzidzim ɖe edzi la, nu xoxowo abe rababa, tomenu, nyiɖu, kple kotoklobo ene na Afrika xɔ asi ŋutɔ. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, ŋusẽ si wokpɔ le Afrika ƒe asi gãwo dzi na Europa-dukɔwo te ŋu dzra adzɔnu siwo wowɔ, si wɔe be ganyawo ɖu dzi le nunɔamesiwo kple asitsatsa me. Berlin Takpekpea na didi siawo va eme, eye wòna nuto siwo me kesinɔnuwo bɔ ɖo ƒe nyawo gbɔgblɔ le se nu eye wòɖo sewo be woatsɔ axe mɔ ɖe masɔmasɔ siwo le Europa-dukɔwo dome nu. Ganyawo ƒe hoʋiʋli si nɔ Britain kple France dome na wògahiã kpata be woakpɔ dukɔ siwo dzi woɖu ta hafi woawɔ dukɔ ɖeka kolia le nuto veviwo abe Congo-ƒuta ene me. Europa ƒe dɔwɔƒewo sɔ gbɔ si na wokpɔ asiwo le duta, si wɔe be Afrika-dukɔwo nye woƒe nu xoxowo nana kple Europatɔwo ƒe nutovɛwo hã zãlawo.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-10&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-11&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="4036" sha1="dmx8vch13gtst34l5agymifs2gdf9lf" xml:space="preserve">Berlin Takpekpe si wowɔ le ƒe 1884–1885 nye dutanyigbadziɖuɖuwo ƒe kpekpe si wu enu kple asidede Berlin Se Gã la te,&lt;ref&gt;https://archive.org/details/belgiancongoberl00keituoft/page/56/mode/2up?q=stanley&lt;/ref&gt; [1]nubabla si ku ɖe Europatɔwo ƒe dutanyigbadziɖuɖu kple asitsatsa ŋu le Afrika le Fiaɖuƒe Yeye ƒe ɣeyiɣia me. Otto von Bismarck, si nye Germany ƒe dziɖuɖumegã gbãtɔ, ye wɔ ɖoɖo ɖe dukɔ wuiene ƒe takpekpea ŋu le Leopold II si tso Belgium ƒe biabia nu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWEuj0PA_JY&lt;/ref&gt;Ekpe le November 15, 1884 dzi eye le heheɖemegbe megbe la, ewu enu le February 26, 1885 dzi esi wode asi Se Gã la te.Woateŋu abu Berlin ƒe Se Gã la be enye Afrika ƒe Aʋawɔwɔ si nɔ edzi yim xoxo la ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ le se nu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.thepostil.com/in-defense-of-german-colonialism/&lt;/ref&gt;Takpekpea kpe asi ɖe Europa-dukɔwo ƒe dutanyigbadziɖuɖu ƒe ɣeyiɣi si dzi ɖe edzi la hehe vɛ ŋu, eye wogblɔna ɣeaɖewoɣi be eya gbɔe &quot;Afrika ƒe kpa&quot; 

.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001/acref-9780195337709-e-0467&lt;/ref&gt;Ke hã, agbalẽnyala aɖewo xlɔ̃ nu be woagagblɔ akpa si wòwɔ le Afrika ƒe mama le dutanyigbawo dzi me wòagbɔ eme o, eye wohe susu yi dukɔ eve ƒe nubabla gbogbo siwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ na takpekpea kple emegbe dzi.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-Katzenellenbogen_5-0&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Flril%2Flrv002&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-Crowe_7-1&lt;/ref&gt;Numekuku aɖe si wowɔ le ƒe 2024 me ɖee fia be liƒo siwo woɖo le takpekpea me koe nye Congo nutoa tɔ (eye wogbugbɔ trɔ asi le esiawo ŋu emegbe), eye be Afrika ƒe liƒo akpa gãtɔ mexɔ woƒe nɔnɔme mamlɛtɔ o vaseɖe ƒe blaeve kple edzivɔ megbe.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003055424000054&lt;/ref&gt; Wm. Gake Roger Louis lɔ̃ ɖe edzi be &quot;Berlin Sea do ƒome kple Afrika ƒe mama ƒe zɔzɔme nyateƒe.

Wogblɔ nukpɔsusu bubu aɖe be Takpekpea ku ɖe gbegbe be woagaxɔ aʋawɔnu yeyewo na Afrika o. Woto tu si wotsɔna ƒoa tue vɛ nyitsɔ laa, si nye aʋawɔnu si tsrɔ̃a ame gbogbowo ɣemaɣi, eye ne woate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe esia nu le Afrika la, anye ne woate ŋu aɖu edzi kaba. Esi wònye be wogblẽa mɔxexeɖedɔa nu godoo ta la, ahiã vevie be woawɔ nu kaba. Ethiopia te ŋu xɔ egbegbe aʋawɔnuwo tso Fiaɖuƒe Russia si na Ethiopia te ŋu lé eƒe ɖokuisinɔnɔ me ɖe asi. Russiatɔwo ƒe Tɔtrɔ Kpata si dzɔ le ƒe 1917 me ye nye mɔxexeɖedɔ sia ƒe ku ƒe ɖiɖi.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.academia.edu/127828539/Ethiopia_and_Berlin_Keys_to_understanding_the_Ukraine_conflict/Dapo&lt;/ref&gt;

Ganyawo hãe ʋã Europa-dukɔwo, elabena hoʋiʋli ɖe dzɔdzɔmenu gbogbo siwo le anyigbagã la dzi ŋu nɔ vevie ŋutɔ na dɔwɔƒewo ƒe ŋgɔyiyi kple kekeɖenudɔwo. Esi Europa-dɔwɔƒewo nɔ dzidzim ɖe edzi la, nu xoxowo abe rababa, tomenu, nyiɖu, kple kotoklobo ene na Afrika xɔ asi ŋutɔ. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, ŋusẽ si wokpɔ le Afrika ƒe asi gãwo dzi na Europa-dukɔwo te ŋu dzra adzɔnu siwo wowɔ, si wɔe be ganyawo ɖu dzi le nunɔamesiwo kple asitsatsa me. Berlin Takpekpea na didi siawo va eme, eye wòna nuto siwo me kesinɔnuwo bɔ ɖo ƒe nyawo gbɔgblɔ le se nu eye wòɖo sewo be woatsɔ axe mɔ ɖe masɔmasɔ siwo le Europa-dukɔwo dome nu. Ganyawo ƒe hoʋiʋli si nɔ Britain kple France dome na wògahiã kpata be woakpɔ dukɔ siwo dzi woɖu ta hafi woawɔ dukɔ ɖeka kolia le nuto veviwo abe Congo-ƒuta ene me. Europa ƒe dɔwɔƒewo sɔ gbɔ si na wokpɔ asiwo le duta, si wɔe be Afrika-dukɔwo nye woƒe nu xoxowo nana kple Europatɔwo ƒe nutovɛwo hã zãlawo.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-10&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-11&lt;/ref&gt;

wuiene siwo teƒenɔlawo nɔ la dometɔ adre – Austria-Hungary, Russia, Denmark, Netherlands, Sweden-Norway, Ottoman Fiaɖuƒea, kple United States – va aƒeme nunɔamesi aɖeke manɔmee le Afrika.</text>
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      <text bytes="4786" sha1="log6y00gbww7cfzmqp9yc0gkvh5cw7t" xml:space="preserve">Berlin Takpekpe si wowɔ le ƒe 1884–1885 nye dutanyigbadziɖuɖuwo ƒe kpekpe si wu enu kple asidede Berlin Se Gã la te,&lt;ref&gt;https://archive.org/details/belgiancongoberl00keituoft/page/56/mode/2up?q=stanley&lt;/ref&gt; [1]nubabla si ku ɖe Europatɔwo ƒe dutanyigbadziɖuɖu kple asitsatsa ŋu le Afrika le Fiaɖuƒe Yeye ƒe ɣeyiɣia me. Otto von Bismarck, si nye Germany ƒe dziɖuɖumegã gbãtɔ, ye wɔ ɖoɖo ɖe dukɔ wuiene ƒe takpekpea ŋu le Leopold II si tso Belgium ƒe biabia nu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWEuj0PA_JY&lt;/ref&gt;Ekpe le November 15, 1884 dzi eye le heheɖemegbe megbe la, ewu enu le February 26, 1885 dzi esi wode asi Se Gã la te.Woateŋu abu Berlin ƒe Se Gã la be enye Afrika ƒe Aʋawɔwɔ si nɔ edzi yim xoxo la ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ le se nu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.thepostil.com/in-defense-of-german-colonialism/&lt;/ref&gt;Takpekpea kpe asi ɖe Europa-dukɔwo ƒe dutanyigbadziɖuɖu ƒe ɣeyiɣi si dzi ɖe edzi la hehe vɛ ŋu, eye wogblɔna ɣeaɖewoɣi be eya gbɔe &quot;Afrika ƒe kpa&quot; 

.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001/acref-9780195337709-e-0467&lt;/ref&gt;Ke hã, agbalẽnyala aɖewo xlɔ̃ nu be woagagblɔ akpa si wòwɔ le Afrika ƒe mama le dutanyigbawo dzi me wòagbɔ eme o, eye wohe susu yi dukɔ eve ƒe nubabla gbogbo siwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ na takpekpea kple emegbe dzi.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-Katzenellenbogen_5-0&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Flril%2Flrv002&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-Crowe_7-1&lt;/ref&gt;Numekuku aɖe si wowɔ le ƒe 2024 me ɖee fia be liƒo siwo woɖo le takpekpea me koe nye Congo nutoa tɔ (eye wogbugbɔ trɔ asi le esiawo ŋu emegbe), eye be Afrika ƒe liƒo akpa gãtɔ mexɔ woƒe nɔnɔme mamlɛtɔ o vaseɖe ƒe blaeve kple edzivɔ megbe.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003055424000054&lt;/ref&gt; Wm. Gake Roger Louis lɔ̃ ɖe edzi be &quot;Berlin Sea do ƒome kple Afrika ƒe mama ƒe zɔzɔme nyateƒe.

Wogblɔ nukpɔsusu bubu aɖe be Takpekpea ku ɖe gbegbe be woagaxɔ aʋawɔnu yeyewo na Afrika o. Woto tu si wotsɔna ƒoa tue vɛ nyitsɔ laa, si nye aʋawɔnu si tsrɔ̃a ame gbogbowo ɣemaɣi, eye ne woate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe esia nu le Afrika la, anye ne woate ŋu aɖu edzi kaba. Esi wònye be wogblẽa mɔxexeɖedɔa nu godoo ta la, ahiã vevie be woawɔ nu kaba. Ethiopia te ŋu xɔ egbegbe aʋawɔnuwo tso Fiaɖuƒe Russia si na Ethiopia te ŋu lé eƒe ɖokuisinɔnɔ me ɖe asi. Russiatɔwo ƒe Tɔtrɔ Kpata si dzɔ le ƒe 1917 me ye nye mɔxexeɖedɔ sia ƒe ku ƒe ɖiɖi.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.academia.edu/127828539/Ethiopia_and_Berlin_Keys_to_understanding_the_Ukraine_conflict/Dapo&lt;/ref&gt;

Ganyawo hãe ʋã Europa-dukɔwo, elabena hoʋiʋli ɖe dzɔdzɔmenu gbogbo siwo le anyigbagã la dzi ŋu nɔ vevie ŋutɔ na dɔwɔƒewo ƒe ŋgɔyiyi kple kekeɖenudɔwo. Esi Europa-dɔwɔƒewo nɔ dzidzim ɖe edzi la, nu xoxowo abe rababa, tomenu, nyiɖu, kple kotoklobo ene na Afrika xɔ asi ŋutɔ. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, ŋusẽ si wokpɔ le Afrika ƒe asi gãwo dzi na Europa-dukɔwo te ŋu dzra adzɔnu siwo wowɔ, si wɔe be ganyawo ɖu dzi le nunɔamesiwo kple asitsatsa me. Berlin Takpekpea na didi siawo va eme, eye wòna nuto siwo me kesinɔnuwo bɔ ɖo ƒe nyawo gbɔgblɔ le se nu eye wòɖo sewo be woatsɔ axe mɔ ɖe masɔmasɔ siwo le Europa-dukɔwo dome nu. Ganyawo ƒe hoʋiʋli si nɔ Britain kple France dome na wògahiã kpata be woakpɔ dukɔ siwo dzi woɖu ta hafi woawɔ dukɔ ɖeka kolia le nuto veviwo abe Congo-ƒuta ene me. Europa ƒe dɔwɔƒewo sɔ gbɔ si na wokpɔ asiwo le duta, si wɔe be Afrika-dukɔwo nye woƒe nu xoxowo nana kple Europatɔwo ƒe nutovɛwo hã zãlawo.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-10&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-11&lt;/ref&gt;

wuiene siwo teƒenɔlawo nɔ la dometɔ adre – Austria-Hungary, Russia, Denmark, Netherlands, Sweden-Norway, Ottoman Fiaɖuƒea, kple United States – va aƒeme nunɔamesi aɖeke manɔmee le Afrika.

== Background(Nu si de megbe) ==
Do ŋgɔ na takpekpea la, Europa dutadɔnunɔlawo te ɖe Afrika dziɖulawo ŋu eye Franseawo ƒe ŋgɔnɔlawo dze Lagos ƒe akpa aɖewo dzi xoxo abe alesi wowɔe le Ɣetoɖoƒenutowo me ene, to kadodo ɖoɖo kple nutoa me asitsahabɔbɔwo me. Le ƒe alafa 19 lia ƒe gɔmedzedze la, Europatɔwo ƒe akɔbli didi, si wozãna zi geɖe ɣemaɣi le atsyɔ̃ɖonuwo wɔwɔ me, na Europatɔ asitsala geɖewo va ge ɖe Afrika ƒe ememe asiwo me.[citation needed] Europa ƒe ŋusẽ kple ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ƒe akpawo nɔ ƒuta Afrika ko le ɣeyiɣi sia me elabena asitsaƒewo koe Europatɔwo ɖo (siwo wotsɔ tutɔdziʋuwo kpɔ ta na) vaseɖe afisia.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-12&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="5435" sha1="41lf0dak0ou1u5enpfzvl0va7uuxlk0" xml:space="preserve">Berlin Takpekpe si wowɔ le ƒe 1884–1885 nye dutanyigbadziɖuɖuwo ƒe kpekpe si wu enu kple asidede Berlin Se Gã la te,&lt;ref&gt;https://archive.org/details/belgiancongoberl00keituoft/page/56/mode/2up?q=stanley&lt;/ref&gt; [1]nubabla si ku ɖe Europatɔwo ƒe dutanyigbadziɖuɖu kple asitsatsa ŋu le Afrika le Fiaɖuƒe Yeye ƒe ɣeyiɣia me. Otto von Bismarck, si nye Germany ƒe dziɖuɖumegã gbãtɔ, ye wɔ ɖoɖo ɖe dukɔ wuiene ƒe takpekpea ŋu le Leopold II si tso Belgium ƒe biabia nu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWEuj0PA_JY&lt;/ref&gt;Ekpe le November 15, 1884 dzi eye le heheɖemegbe megbe la, ewu enu le February 26, 1885 dzi esi wode asi Se Gã la te.Woateŋu abu Berlin ƒe Se Gã la be enye Afrika ƒe Aʋawɔwɔ si nɔ edzi yim xoxo la ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ le se nu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.thepostil.com/in-defense-of-german-colonialism/&lt;/ref&gt;Takpekpea kpe asi ɖe Europa-dukɔwo ƒe dutanyigbadziɖuɖu ƒe ɣeyiɣi si dzi ɖe edzi la hehe vɛ ŋu, eye wogblɔna ɣeaɖewoɣi be eya gbɔe &quot;Afrika ƒe kpa&quot; 

.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001/acref-9780195337709-e-0467&lt;/ref&gt;Ke hã, agbalẽnyala aɖewo xlɔ̃ nu be woagagblɔ akpa si wòwɔ le Afrika ƒe mama le dutanyigbawo dzi me wòagbɔ eme o, eye wohe susu yi dukɔ eve ƒe nubabla gbogbo siwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ na takpekpea kple emegbe dzi.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-Katzenellenbogen_5-0&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Flril%2Flrv002&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-Crowe_7-1&lt;/ref&gt;Numekuku aɖe si wowɔ le ƒe 2024 me ɖee fia be liƒo siwo woɖo le takpekpea me koe nye Congo nutoa tɔ (eye wogbugbɔ trɔ asi le esiawo ŋu emegbe), eye be Afrika ƒe liƒo akpa gãtɔ mexɔ woƒe nɔnɔme mamlɛtɔ o vaseɖe ƒe blaeve kple edzivɔ megbe.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003055424000054&lt;/ref&gt; Wm. Gake Roger Louis lɔ̃ ɖe edzi be &quot;Berlin Sea do ƒome kple Afrika ƒe mama ƒe zɔzɔme nyateƒe.

Wogblɔ nukpɔsusu bubu aɖe be Takpekpea ku ɖe gbegbe be woagaxɔ aʋawɔnu yeyewo na Afrika o. Woto tu si wotsɔna ƒoa tue vɛ nyitsɔ laa, si nye aʋawɔnu si tsrɔ̃a ame gbogbowo ɣemaɣi, eye ne woate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe esia nu le Afrika la, anye ne woate ŋu aɖu edzi kaba. Esi wònye be wogblẽa mɔxexeɖedɔa nu godoo ta la, ahiã vevie be woawɔ nu kaba. Ethiopia te ŋu xɔ egbegbe aʋawɔnuwo tso Fiaɖuƒe Russia si na Ethiopia te ŋu lé eƒe ɖokuisinɔnɔ me ɖe asi. Russiatɔwo ƒe Tɔtrɔ Kpata si dzɔ le ƒe 1917 me ye nye mɔxexeɖedɔ sia ƒe ku ƒe ɖiɖi.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.academia.edu/127828539/Ethiopia_and_Berlin_Keys_to_understanding_the_Ukraine_conflict/Dapo&lt;/ref&gt;

Ganyawo hãe ʋã Europa-dukɔwo, elabena hoʋiʋli ɖe dzɔdzɔmenu gbogbo siwo le anyigbagã la dzi ŋu nɔ vevie ŋutɔ na dɔwɔƒewo ƒe ŋgɔyiyi kple kekeɖenudɔwo. Esi Europa-dɔwɔƒewo nɔ dzidzim ɖe edzi la, nu xoxowo abe rababa, tomenu, nyiɖu, kple kotoklobo ene na Afrika xɔ asi ŋutɔ. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, ŋusẽ si wokpɔ le Afrika ƒe asi gãwo dzi na Europa-dukɔwo te ŋu dzra adzɔnu siwo wowɔ, si wɔe be ganyawo ɖu dzi le nunɔamesiwo kple asitsatsa me. Berlin Takpekpea na didi siawo va eme, eye wòna nuto siwo me kesinɔnuwo bɔ ɖo ƒe nyawo gbɔgblɔ le se nu eye wòɖo sewo be woatsɔ axe mɔ ɖe masɔmasɔ siwo le Europa-dukɔwo dome nu. Ganyawo ƒe hoʋiʋli si nɔ Britain kple France dome na wògahiã kpata be woakpɔ dukɔ siwo dzi woɖu ta hafi woawɔ dukɔ ɖeka kolia le nuto veviwo abe Congo-ƒuta ene me. Europa ƒe dɔwɔƒewo sɔ gbɔ si na wokpɔ asiwo le duta, si wɔe be Afrika-dukɔwo nye woƒe nu xoxowo nana kple Europatɔwo ƒe nutovɛwo hã zãlawo.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-10&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-11&lt;/ref&gt;

wuiene siwo teƒenɔlawo nɔ la dometɔ adre – Austria-Hungary, Russia, Denmark, Netherlands, Sweden-Norway, Ottoman Fiaɖuƒea, kple United States – va aƒeme nunɔamesi aɖeke manɔmee le Afrika.

== Background(Nu si de megbe) ==
Do ŋgɔ na takpekpea la, Europa dutadɔnunɔlawo te ɖe Afrika dziɖulawo ŋu eye Franseawo ƒe ŋgɔnɔlawo dze Lagos ƒe akpa aɖewo dzi xoxo abe alesi wowɔe le Ɣetoɖoƒenutowo me ene, to kadodo ɖoɖo kple nutoa me asitsahabɔbɔwo me. Le ƒe alafa 19 lia ƒe gɔmedzedze la, Europatɔwo ƒe akɔbli didi, si wozãna zi geɖe ɣemaɣi le atsyɔ̃ɖonuwo wɔwɔ me, na Europatɔ asitsala geɖewo va ge ɖe Afrika ƒe ememe asiwo me.[citation needed] Europa ƒe ŋusẽ kple ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ƒe akpawo nɔ ƒuta Afrika ko le ɣeyiɣi sia me elabena asitsaƒewo koe Europatɔwo ɖo (siwo wotsɔ tutɔdziʋuwo kpɔ ta na) vaseɖe afisia.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-12&lt;/ref&gt;

Le ƒe 1876 me la, Belgium Fia Leopold II, amesi ɖo Dukɔwo Dome Afrika Habɔbɔ eye wòkpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe edzi le ƒe ma ke me la, kpe Henry Morton Stanley be wòava kpe ɖe ye ŋu le numekuku kple &quot;dekɔnu&quot; wɔwɔ ɖe anyigbagã la dzi me. Le ƒe 1878 me la, woɖo Dukɔwo Dome Congo Habɔbɔ hã, eye ganyawo ƒe taɖodzinu geɖe wu nɔ esi gake egakpɔtɔ do ƒome kplikplikpli kple habɔbɔ si nɔ anyi tsã. Leopold ƒle duta gadelawo le adzame le Congo Habɔbɔa me, si wotrɔ ɖe fiaɖuƒedziɖuɖu ƒe taɖodzinuwo ŋu, eye &quot;Afrika Habɔbɔ&quot; nye dɔmenyohabɔbɔ koŋ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neal_Ascherson&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="7826" sha1="oid4b4i4kvqr1lfr7q84o6jb1mksat4" xml:space="preserve">Berlin Takpekpe si wowɔ le ƒe 1884–1885 nye dutanyigbadziɖuɖuwo ƒe kpekpe si wu enu kple asidede Berlin Se Gã la te,&lt;ref&gt;https://archive.org/details/belgiancongoberl00keituoft/page/56/mode/2up?q=stanley&lt;/ref&gt; [1]nubabla si ku ɖe Europatɔwo ƒe dutanyigbadziɖuɖu kple asitsatsa ŋu le Afrika le Fiaɖuƒe Yeye ƒe ɣeyiɣia me. Otto von Bismarck, si nye Germany ƒe dziɖuɖumegã gbãtɔ, ye wɔ ɖoɖo ɖe dukɔ wuiene ƒe takpekpea ŋu le Leopold II si tso Belgium ƒe biabia nu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWEuj0PA_JY&lt;/ref&gt;Ekpe le November 15, 1884 dzi eye le heheɖemegbe megbe la, ewu enu le February 26, 1885 dzi esi wode asi Se Gã la te.Woateŋu abu Berlin ƒe Se Gã la be enye Afrika ƒe Aʋawɔwɔ si nɔ edzi yim xoxo la ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ le se nu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.thepostil.com/in-defense-of-german-colonialism/&lt;/ref&gt;Takpekpea kpe asi ɖe Europa-dukɔwo ƒe dutanyigbadziɖuɖu ƒe ɣeyiɣi si dzi ɖe edzi la hehe vɛ ŋu, eye wogblɔna ɣeaɖewoɣi be eya gbɔe &quot;Afrika ƒe kpa&quot; 

.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001/acref-9780195337709-e-0467&lt;/ref&gt;Ke hã, agbalẽnyala aɖewo xlɔ̃ nu be woagagblɔ akpa si wòwɔ le Afrika ƒe mama le dutanyigbawo dzi me wòagbɔ eme o, eye wohe susu yi dukɔ eve ƒe nubabla gbogbo siwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ na takpekpea kple emegbe dzi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-Katzenellenbogen_5-0&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Flril%2Flrv002&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-Crowe_7-1&lt;/ref&gt;Numekuku aɖe si wowɔ le ƒe 2024 me ɖee fia be liƒo siwo woɖo le takpekpea me koe nye Congo nutoa tɔ (eye wogbugbɔ trɔ asi le esiawo ŋu emegbe), eye be Afrika ƒe liƒo akpa gãtɔ mexɔ woƒe nɔnɔme mamlɛtɔ o vaseɖe ƒe blaeve kple edzivɔ megbe.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003055424000054&lt;/ref&gt; Wm. Gake Roger Louis lɔ̃ ɖe edzi be &quot;Berlin Sea do ƒome kple Afrika ƒe mama ƒe zɔzɔme nyateƒe.

Wogblɔ nukpɔsusu bubu aɖe be Takpekpea ku ɖe gbegbe be woagaxɔ aʋawɔnu yeyewo na Afrika o. Woto tu si wotsɔna ƒoa tue vɛ nyitsɔ laa, si nye aʋawɔnu si tsrɔ̃a ame gbogbowo ɣemaɣi, eye ne woate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe esia nu le Afrika la, anye ne woate ŋu aɖu edzi kaba. Esi wònye be wogblẽa mɔxexeɖedɔa nu godoo ta la, ahiã vevie be woawɔ nu kaba. Ethiopia te ŋu xɔ egbegbe aʋawɔnuwo tso Fiaɖuƒe Russia si na Ethiopia te ŋu lé eƒe ɖokuisinɔnɔ me ɖe asi. Russiatɔwo ƒe Tɔtrɔ Kpata si dzɔ le ƒe 1917 me ye nye mɔxexeɖedɔ sia ƒe ku ƒe ɖiɖi.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.academia.edu/127828539/Ethiopia_and_Berlin_Keys_to_understanding_the_Ukraine_conflict/Dapo&lt;/ref&gt;

Ganyawo hãe ʋã Europa-dukɔwo, elabena hoʋiʋli ɖe dzɔdzɔmenu gbogbo siwo le anyigbagã la dzi ŋu nɔ vevie ŋutɔ na dɔwɔƒewo ƒe ŋgɔyiyi kple kekeɖenudɔwo. Esi Europa-dɔwɔƒewo nɔ dzidzim ɖe edzi la, nu xoxowo abe rababa, tomenu, nyiɖu, kple kotoklobo ene na Afrika xɔ asi ŋutɔ. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, ŋusẽ si wokpɔ le Afrika ƒe asi gãwo dzi na Europa-dukɔwo te ŋu dzra adzɔnu siwo wowɔ, si wɔe be ganyawo ɖu dzi le nunɔamesiwo kple asitsatsa me. Berlin Takpekpea na didi siawo va eme, eye wòna nuto siwo me kesinɔnuwo bɔ ɖo ƒe nyawo gbɔgblɔ le se nu eye wòɖo sewo be woatsɔ axe mɔ ɖe masɔmasɔ siwo le Europa-dukɔwo dome nu. Ganyawo ƒe hoʋiʋli si nɔ Britain kple France dome na wògahiã kpata be woakpɔ dukɔ siwo dzi woɖu ta hafi woawɔ dukɔ ɖeka kolia le nuto veviwo abe Congo-ƒuta ene me. Europa ƒe dɔwɔƒewo sɔ gbɔ si na wokpɔ asiwo le duta, si wɔe be Afrika-dukɔwo nye woƒe nu xoxowo nana kple Europatɔwo ƒe nutovɛwo hã zãlawo.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-10&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-11&lt;/ref&gt;

wuiene siwo teƒenɔlawo nɔ la dometɔ adre – Austria-Hungary, Russia, Denmark, Netherlands, Sweden-Norway, Ottoman Fiaɖuƒea, kple United States – va aƒeme nunɔamesi aɖeke manɔmee le Afrika.

== Background(Nu si de megbe) ==
Do ŋgɔ na takpekpea la, Europa dutadɔnunɔlawo te ɖe Afrika dziɖulawo ŋu eye Franseawo ƒe ŋgɔnɔlawo dze Lagos ƒe akpa aɖewo dzi xoxo abe alesi wowɔe le Ɣetoɖoƒenutowo me ene, to kadodo ɖoɖo kple nutoa me asitsahabɔbɔwo me. Le ƒe alafa 19 lia ƒe gɔmedzedze la, Europatɔwo ƒe akɔbli didi, si wozãna zi geɖe ɣemaɣi le atsyɔ̃ɖonuwo wɔwɔ me, na Europatɔ asitsala geɖewo va ge ɖe Afrika ƒe ememe asiwo me.[citation needed] Europa ƒe ŋusẽ kple ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ƒe akpawo nɔ ƒuta Afrika ko le ɣeyiɣi sia me elabena asitsaƒewo koe Europatɔwo ɖo (siwo wotsɔ tutɔdziʋuwo kpɔ ta na) vaseɖe afisia.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-12&lt;/ref&gt;

Le ƒe 1876 me la, Belgium Fia Leopold II, amesi ɖo Dukɔwo Dome Afrika Habɔbɔ eye wòkpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe edzi le ƒe ma ke me la, kpe Henry Morton Stanley be wòava kpe ɖe ye ŋu le numekuku kple &quot;dekɔnu&quot; wɔwɔ ɖe anyigbagã la dzi me. Le ƒe 1878 me la, woɖo Dukɔwo Dome Congo Habɔbɔ hã, eye ganyawo ƒe taɖodzinu geɖe wu nɔ esi gake egakpɔtɔ do ƒome kplikplikpli kple habɔbɔ si nɔ anyi tsã. Leopold ƒle duta gadelawo le adzame le Congo Habɔbɔa me, si wotrɔ ɖe fiaɖuƒedziɖuɖu ƒe taɖodzinuwo ŋu, eye &quot;Afrika Habɔbɔ&quot; nye dɔmenyohabɔbɔ koŋ.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neal_Ascherson&lt;/ref&gt;

Amedzrowo kple dutanyanyuigblɔlawo wɔ akpa vevi aɖe le Berlin takpekpea ƒe nuƒolanɔƒe ɖoɖo me. Wowɔ anyigbamamawo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo, wowɔ nubablawo kple nutoa me tɔwo, eye wodo ŋutinya siwo tae Europa keke ɖe enu ɖe ​​anyigbagã la dzi ta. Ame ŋkutawo abe Henry Morton Stanley ene wɔ mɔzɔzɔwo yi Congo-ƒuta ɖe Fia Leopold II teƒe. Ewɔ nubablawo kple nutoa me kplɔla siwo va zu Belgium ƒe ɖokuisinɔnɔ ɖe nutoa dzi emegbe. Dutanyanyuigblɔlawo wɔ dɔ mawo tɔgbe, henɔ didim be yewoakaka Kristotɔnyenye kple ɣetoɖoƒetɔwo ƒe dzidzenuwo ɖe anyigbagã la katã dzi. Zi geɖe la, dutanyanyuigblɔla siawo tsɔa woƒe taɖodzinuwo sɔna kple dutanyigbadziɖuɖu ƒe kekeɖenudɔwo. Wozã mawunyadɔgbedeha siwo woɖo ɖe nuto siawo me abe Europatɔwo ƒe dzidzenuwo ƒe nɔƒe gbãtɔwo ene, eye wotsɔ woƒe mawusubɔsubɔ ƒe taɖodzinuwo tsaka kple dunyahehe me taɖodzinuwo. Nyatakaka siwo tso anyigbayeyedilawo kple mawunyadɔgbedelawo gbɔ la ta Afrika be enye mɔnukpɔkpɔ ƒe anyigba eye wònye taɖodzinu deblibo na &quot;dekɔnudɔdasi&quot; la.

Tso ƒe 1878 va ɖo ƒe 1885 me la, Stanley trɔ yi Congo menye abe nyadzɔdzɔŋlɔla ene o ke boŋ abe Leopold ƒe amedɔdɔ ene, kple adzamedɔdasi be yeawɔ ɖoɖo ɖe nusi woava yɔ be Congo Free State ŋu le Berlin Takpekpea nutsotso le August 1885 me megbe kpuie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference#cite_ref-Cornelis_14-0&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Franseawo ƒe amedɔdɔwo ke ɖe Leopold ƒe ɖoɖowo ŋu, eye le esia ta la, France dɔ eya ŋutɔ ƒe anyigbayeyedilawo ɖe Afrika. Le ƒe 1881 me la, woɖo Franseawo ƒe ƒudzisrafomegã Pierre de Brazza ɖe titina Afrika, zɔ mɔ yi Congo ƒe ɣetoɖoƒekpa dzi, eye wòkɔ Franseawo ƒe aflaga ɖe Brazzaville si woɖo yeyee le afisi woyɔna fifia be Republic of Congo dzi. Mlɔeba la, Portugal, si gblẽ dutanyigbadziɖuƒe aɖe ɖi le nutoa me koŋ, si nɔ Kongo Fiaɖuƒe teƒenɔla si ƒe akpa gãtɔ megali o dzi ɣeyiɣi didi aɖe la, hã xɔ nutoa, si wotu ɖe nubabla xoxo siwo wowɔ kple Spain si nɔ anyi le Gbugbɔgaɖoanyi ƒe ɣeyiɣia me kple Katoliko-ha la dzi. Ewɔ nubabla kaba le February 26, 1884 dzi kple eƒe hadɔwɔla xoxo, Great Britain, be woaxe mɔ na Congo Habɔbɔa be wòagage ɖe Atlantik-ƒua me o.                                           &lt;references /&gt;</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot; = Atlantic Slave Trade (Atlantik kluvisitsatsa) = '''Atlantic kluvisitsatsa'''   Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa alo Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa bia be kluvisitsalawo tsɔa Afrikatɔ siwo wowɔ kluviwoe yia Amerika-nyigbawo dzi. Europa kluviwo ƒe meliwo zãa asitsamɔ si le dzogoe etɔ̃ me kple eƒe Titinamɔa edziedzi. Europatɔwo ɖo ƒuta kluvisitsatsa anyi le ƒe alafa 15 lia me, eye asitsatsa yi Amerika dze egɔme le ƒe alafa 16 lia me, eye wònɔ anyi vase...&quot;</comment>
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= Atlantic Slave Trade (Atlantik kluvisitsatsa) =
'''Atlantic kluvisitsatsa''' 

Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa alo Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa bia be kluvisitsalawo tsɔa Afrikatɔ siwo wowɔ kluviwoe yia Amerika-nyigbawo dzi. Europa kluviwo ƒe meliwo zãa asitsamɔ si le dzogoe etɔ̃ me kple eƒe Titinamɔa edziedzi. Europatɔwo ɖo ƒuta kluvisitsatsa anyi le ƒe alafa 15 lia me, eye asitsatsa yi Amerika dze egɔme le ƒe alafa 16 lia me, eye wònɔ anyi vaseɖe ƒe alafa 19 lia me.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Nebraska_Press&lt;/ref&gt; Amesiwo wotsɔ yi Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa me ƒe akpa gãtɔ tso Titina Afrika kple Ɣetoɖoƒe Afrika eye Ɣetoɖoƒe Afrika kluvisitsalawo dzra wo na Europa kluvisitsalawo,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/23/opinion/23gates.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade#CITEREFThornton1998&lt;/ref&gt; esime kluvisitsalawo lé bubuwo tẽ le ƒutatɔwo ƒe amedzidzedzewo me.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20200716004107/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zy7fr82/revision/3&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20221215214335/https://www.nps.gov/ethnography/aah/aaheritage/histContextsB.htm&lt;/ref&gt; Europa kluvisitsalawo ƒoa kluviwo nu ƒu hedea gaxɔ me le mɔ̃ sesẽ siwo le Afrika ƒuta eye emegbe wokplɔa wo va Amerika.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20200717094706/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxt3gk7/revision/7&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20201126155135/https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/history-of-slavery/west-africa&lt;/ref&gt; Portugaltɔwo kple Europatɔ aɖewo kpɔ gome le kluviwo dzi dzedze me. Abe alesi Dukɔa ƒe Blemanudzraɖoƒewo Liverpool ɖe eme ene la: &quot;Europa asitsala aɖewo lé Afrikatɔ aɖewo le amedzidzedzewo me le ƒuta, gake woƒle wo dometɔ akpa gãtɔ tso nutoa me Afrika alo Afrika-Europa asitsalawo gbɔ.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/history-of-slavery/west-africa&lt;/ref&gt; Zi geɖe la, Europa kluvisitsalawo mekpɔa gome le kluviwo dzi dzedze me o. Esia nye esi Europatɔwo ƒe agbenɔƒe didi le Afrika ƒe anyiehe Sahara mede ƒe ɖeka le kluvisitsatsa ƒe ɣeyiɣia me o le asrã si bɔ ɖe Afrika-nyigbagã dzi ta.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.jstor.org/stable/181856&lt;/ref&gt; Portugaltɔwo ƒe ƒutadzidzelawo kpɔe be kluviwo dzi dzedze xɔa ga geɖe akpa eye zi geɖe la, mewɔa dɔ o eye wotia asitsatsa ƒe kadodo siwo woɖo anyi.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240627115650/https://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/africanpassageslowcountryadapt/introductionatlanticworld/trans_atlantic_slave_trade&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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= Atlantic Slave Trade (Atlantik kluvisitsatsa) =
'''Atlantic kluvisitsatsa''' 

Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa alo Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa bia be kluvisitsalawo tsɔa Afrikatɔ siwo wowɔ kluviwoe yia Amerika-nyigbawo dzi. Europa kluviwo ƒe meliwo zãa asitsamɔ si le dzogoe etɔ̃ me kple eƒe Titinamɔa edziedzi. Europatɔwo ɖo ƒuta kluvisitsatsa anyi le ƒe alafa 15 lia me, eye asitsatsa yi Amerika dze egɔme le ƒe alafa 16 lia me, eye wònɔ anyi vaseɖe ƒe alafa 19 lia me.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Nebraska_Press&lt;/ref&gt; Amesiwo wotsɔ yi Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa me ƒe akpa gãtɔ tso Titina Afrika kple Ɣetoɖoƒe Afrika eye Ɣetoɖoƒe Afrika kluvisitsalawo dzra wo na Europa kluvisitsalawo,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/23/opinion/23gates.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade#CITEREFThornton1998&lt;/ref&gt; esime kluvisitsalawo lé bubuwo tẽ le ƒutatɔwo ƒe amedzidzedzewo me.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20200716004107/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zy7fr82/revision/3&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20221215214335/https://www.nps.gov/ethnography/aah/aaheritage/histContextsB.htm&lt;/ref&gt; Europa kluvisitsalawo ƒoa kluviwo nu ƒu hedea gaxɔ me le mɔ̃ sesẽ siwo le Afrika ƒuta eye emegbe wokplɔa wo va Amerika.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20200717094706/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxt3gk7/revision/7&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20201126155135/https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/history-of-slavery/west-africa&lt;/ref&gt; Portugaltɔwo kple Europatɔ aɖewo kpɔ gome le kluviwo dzi dzedze me. Abe alesi Dukɔa ƒe Blemanudzraɖoƒewo Liverpool ɖe eme ene la: &quot;Europa asitsala aɖewo lé Afrikatɔ aɖewo le amedzidzedzewo me le ƒuta, gake woƒle wo dometɔ akpa gãtɔ tso nutoa me Afrika alo Afrika-Europa asitsalawo gbɔ.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/history-of-slavery/west-africa&lt;/ref&gt; Zi geɖe la, Europa kluvisitsalawo mekpɔa gome le kluviwo dzi dzedze me o. Esia nye esi Europatɔwo ƒe agbenɔƒe didi le Afrika ƒe anyiehe Sahara mede ƒe ɖeka le kluvisitsatsa ƒe ɣeyiɣia me o le asrã si bɔ ɖe Afrika-nyigbagã dzi ta.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.jstor.org/stable/181856&lt;/ref&gt; Portugaltɔwo ƒe ƒutadzidzelawo kpɔe be kluviwo dzi dzedze xɔa ga geɖe akpa eye zi geɖe la, mewɔa dɔ o eye wotia asitsatsa ƒe kadodo siwo woɖo anyi.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240627115650/https://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/africanpassageslowcountryadapt/introductionatlanticworld/trans_atlantic_slave_trade&lt;/ref&gt;


== References ==</text>
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= Atlantic Slave Trade (Atlantik kluvisitsatsa) =
 

Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa alo Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa bia be kluvisitsalawo tsɔa Afrikatɔ siwo wowɔ kluviwoe yia Amerika-nyigbawo dzi. Europa kluviwo ƒe meliwo zãa asitsamɔ si le dzogoe etɔ̃ me kple eƒe Titinamɔa edziedzi. Europatɔwo ɖo ƒuta kluvisitsatsa anyi le ƒe alafa 15 lia me, eye asitsatsa yi Amerika dze egɔme le ƒe alafa 16 lia me, eye wònɔ anyi vaseɖe ƒe alafa 19 lia me.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Nebraska_Press&lt;/ref&gt; Amesiwo wotsɔ yi Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa me ƒe akpa gãtɔ tso Titina Afrika kple Ɣetoɖoƒe Afrika eye Ɣetoɖoƒe Afrika kluvisitsalawo dzra wo na Europa kluvisitsalawo,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/23/opinion/23gates.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade#CITEREFThornton1998&lt;/ref&gt; esime kluvisitsalawo lé bubuwo tẽ le ƒutatɔwo ƒe amedzidzedzewo me.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20200716004107/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zy7fr82/revision/3&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20221215214335/https://www.nps.gov/ethnography/aah/aaheritage/histContextsB.htm&lt;/ref&gt; Europa kluvisitsalawo ƒoa kluviwo nu ƒu hedea gaxɔ me le mɔ̃ sesẽ siwo le Afrika ƒuta eye emegbe wokplɔa wo va Amerika.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20200717094706/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxt3gk7/revision/7&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20201126155135/https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/history-of-slavery/west-africa&lt;/ref&gt; Portugaltɔwo kple Europatɔ aɖewo kpɔ gome le kluviwo dzi dzedze me. Abe alesi Dukɔa ƒe Blemanudzraɖoƒewo Liverpool ɖe eme ene la: &quot;Europa asitsala aɖewo lé Afrikatɔ aɖewo le amedzidzedzewo me le ƒuta, gake woƒle wo dometɔ akpa gãtɔ tso nutoa me Afrika alo Afrika-Europa asitsalawo gbɔ.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/history-of-slavery/west-africa&lt;/ref&gt; Zi geɖe la, Europa kluvisitsalawo mekpɔa gome le kluviwo dzi dzedze me o. Esia nye esi Europatɔwo ƒe agbenɔƒe didi le Afrika ƒe anyiehe Sahara mede ƒe ɖeka le kluvisitsatsa ƒe ɣeyiɣia me o le asrã si bɔ ɖe Afrika-nyigbagã dzi ta.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.jstor.org/stable/181856&lt;/ref&gt; Portugaltɔwo ƒe ƒutadzidzelawo kpɔe be kluviwo dzi dzedze xɔa ga geɖe akpa eye zi geɖe la, mewɔa dɔ o eye wotia asitsatsa ƒe kadodo siwo woɖo anyi.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240627115650/https://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/africanpassageslowcountryadapt/introductionatlanticworld/trans_atlantic_slave_trade&lt;/ref&gt;


== References ==</text>
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= Atlantic Slave Trade (Atlantik kluvisitsatsa) =
 

Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa alo Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa bia be kluvisitsalawo tsɔa Afrikatɔ siwo wowɔ kluviwoe yia Amerika-nyigbawo dzi. Europa kluviwo ƒe meliwo zãa asitsamɔ si le dzogoe etɔ̃ me kple eƒe Titinamɔa edziedzi. Europatɔwo ɖo ƒuta kluvisitsatsa anyi le ƒe alafa 15 lia me, eye asitsatsa yi Amerika dze egɔme le ƒe alafa 16 lia me, eye wònɔ anyi vaseɖe ƒe alafa 19 lia me.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Nebraska_Press&lt;/ref&gt; Amesiwo wotsɔ yi Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa me ƒe akpa gãtɔ tso Titina Afrika kple Ɣetoɖoƒe Afrika eye Ɣetoɖoƒe Afrika kluvisitsalawo dzra wo na Europa kluvisitsalawo,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/23/opinion/23gates.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade#CITEREFThornton1998&lt;/ref&gt; esime kluvisitsalawo lé bubuwo tẽ le ƒutatɔwo ƒe amedzidzedzewo me.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20200716004107/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zy7fr82/revision/3&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20221215214335/https://www.nps.gov/ethnography/aah/aaheritage/histContextsB.htm&lt;/ref&gt; Europa kluvisitsalawo ƒoa kluviwo nu ƒu hedea gaxɔ me le mɔ̃ sesẽ siwo le Afrika ƒuta eye emegbe wokplɔa wo va Amerika.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20200717094706/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxt3gk7/revision/7&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20201126155135/https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/history-of-slavery/west-africa&lt;/ref&gt; Portugaltɔwo kple Europatɔ aɖewo kpɔ gome le kluviwo dzi dzedze me. Abe alesi Dukɔa ƒe Blemanudzraɖoƒewo Liverpool ɖe eme ene la: &quot;Europa asitsala aɖewo lé Afrikatɔ aɖewo le amedzidzedzewo me le ƒuta, gake woƒle wo dometɔ akpa gãtɔ tso nutoa me Afrika alo Afrika-Europa asitsalawo gbɔ.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/history-of-slavery/west-africa&lt;/ref&gt; Zi geɖe la, Europa kluvisitsalawo mekpɔa gome le kluviwo dzi dzedze me o. Esia nye esi Europatɔwo ƒe agbenɔƒe didi le Afrika ƒe anyiehe Sahara mede ƒe ɖeka le kluvisitsatsa ƒe ɣeyiɣia me o le asrã si bɔ ɖe Afrika-nyigbagã dzi ta.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.jstor.org/stable/181856&lt;/ref&gt; Portugaltɔwo ƒe ƒutadzidzelawo kpɔe be kluviwo dzi dzedze xɔa ga geɖe akpa eye zi geɖe la, mewɔa dɔ o eye wotia asitsatsa ƒe kadodo siwo woɖo anyi.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240627115650/https://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/africanpassageslowcountryadapt/introductionatlanticworld/trans_atlantic_slave_trade&lt;/ref&gt;

South Atlantik kple Caribbean-dukɔwo ƒe ganyawo nɔ te ɖe kluviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi vevietɔ hena sukli kple nu bubuwo wɔwɔ.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240625094400/http://natt.gov.tt/sites/default/files/pdfs/The-Rise-and-Fall-of-King-Sugar.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240127075115/https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/archaeologyofslavery/sugar-plantations&lt;/ref&gt;Esia nye nu vevi aɖe le Ɣetoɖoƒe Europa dukɔ mawo siwo nɔ ho ʋlim kple wo nɔewo be yewoawɔ ƒukpowo dzi fiaɖuƒewo la ta.&lt;ref&gt;https://archive.org/details/blackcargoeshist00mann&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/slav/hd_slav.htm&lt;/ref&gt; Portugaltɔwo, le ƒe alafa 16 lia me, ye nye ame gbãtɔ siwo tsɔ kluviwo yi Atlantik-ƒua dzi. Le ƒe 1526 me la, wowu Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluviwo ƒe mɔzɔzɔ gbãtɔ nu yi Brazil. Eteƒe medidi o Europatɔ bubuwo hã kplɔe ɖo.[15] Tɔdziʋutɔawo bu kluviawo be wonye agbawo be woatsɔ ayi Amerika-dukɔwo me kabakaba kple asi bɔbɔe alesi woate ŋui,[13] afimae woadzra be woatsɔ awɔ dɔ le kɔfi, atama, kokoo, sukli, kple kotoklobo agblewo, sika kple klosalo tomenukuƒewo, bligblewo, xɔtudɔwɔƒewo, atiwo ɖeɖe na meliwo, abe dɔ siwo me aɖaŋu le ene, kple wo me. Wobu Afrikatɔ gbãtɔ siwo wowɔ kluviwoe siwo woɖo ɖe Eŋlisiawo ƒe anyigba siwo dzi woɖu la be wonye dɔla siwo wotsɔ de asi na amewo, eye woƒe nɔnɔme sɔ kple dɔwɔla siwo le nubabla me siwo tso Britain kple Ireland tɔ le se nu. Kaka ƒe alafa 17 lia ƒe domedome naɖo la, kluvinyenye sesẽ abe ameƒomevinyenye ƒe hatsotso ene, eye Afrikatɔwo ƒe kluviwo kple woƒe dzidzimevi siwo ava nye woƒe aƒetɔwo le se nu le se nu, elabena ɖevi siwo wodzi na kluvi dadawo hã nye kluviwo (Partus Sequitur Ventrem). Abe nunɔamesiwo ene la, wobua ameawo be wonye adzɔnuwo alo dɔwɔlawo ƒe akpawo, eye wodzra wo le asiwo me kple adzɔnuwo kple dɔwɔna bubuwo.[17]


== References ==</text>
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= Atlantic Slave Trade (Atlantik kluvisitsatsa) =
 

Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa alo Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa bia be kluvisitsalawo tsɔa Afrikatɔ siwo wowɔ kluviwoe yia Amerika-nyigbawo dzi. Europa kluviwo ƒe meliwo zãa asitsamɔ si le dzogoe etɔ̃ me kple eƒe Titinamɔa edziedzi. Europatɔwo ɖo ƒuta kluvisitsatsa anyi le ƒe alafa 15 lia me, eye asitsatsa yi Amerika dze egɔme le ƒe alafa 16 lia me, eye wònɔ anyi vaseɖe ƒe alafa 19 lia me.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Nebraska_Press&lt;/ref&gt; Amesiwo wotsɔ yi Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa me ƒe akpa gãtɔ tso Titina Afrika kple Ɣetoɖoƒe Afrika eye Ɣetoɖoƒe Afrika kluvisitsalawo dzra wo na Europa kluvisitsalawo,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/23/opinion/23gates.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade#CITEREFThornton1998&lt;/ref&gt; esime kluvisitsalawo lé bubuwo tẽ le ƒutatɔwo ƒe amedzidzedzewo me.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20200716004107/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zy7fr82/revision/3&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20221215214335/https://www.nps.gov/ethnography/aah/aaheritage/histContextsB.htm&lt;/ref&gt; Europa kluvisitsalawo ƒoa kluviwo nu ƒu hedea gaxɔ me le mɔ̃ sesẽ siwo le Afrika ƒuta eye emegbe wokplɔa wo va Amerika.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20200717094706/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxt3gk7/revision/7&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20201126155135/https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/history-of-slavery/west-africa&lt;/ref&gt; Portugaltɔwo kple Europatɔ aɖewo kpɔ gome le kluviwo dzi dzedze me. Abe alesi Dukɔa ƒe Blemanudzraɖoƒewo Liverpool ɖe eme ene la: &quot;Europa asitsala aɖewo lé Afrikatɔ aɖewo le amedzidzedzewo me le ƒuta, gake woƒle wo dometɔ akpa gãtɔ tso nutoa me Afrika alo Afrika-Europa asitsalawo gbɔ.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/history-of-slavery/west-africa&lt;/ref&gt; Zi geɖe la, Europa kluvisitsalawo mekpɔa gome le kluviwo dzi dzedze me o. Esia nye esi Europatɔwo ƒe agbenɔƒe didi le Afrika ƒe anyiehe Sahara mede ƒe ɖeka le kluvisitsatsa ƒe ɣeyiɣia me o le asrã si bɔ ɖe Afrika-nyigbagã dzi ta.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.jstor.org/stable/181856&lt;/ref&gt; Portugaltɔwo ƒe ƒutadzidzelawo kpɔe be kluviwo dzi dzedze xɔa ga geɖe akpa eye zi geɖe la, mewɔa dɔ o eye wotia asitsatsa ƒe kadodo siwo woɖo anyi.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240627115650/https://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/africanpassageslowcountryadapt/introductionatlanticworld/trans_atlantic_slave_trade&lt;/ref&gt;

South Atlantik kple Caribbean-dukɔwo ƒe ganyawo nɔ te ɖe kluviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi vevietɔ hena sukli kple nu bubuwo wɔwɔ.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240625094400/http://natt.gov.tt/sites/default/files/pdfs/The-Rise-and-Fall-of-King-Sugar.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240127075115/https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/archaeologyofslavery/sugar-plantations&lt;/ref&gt;Esia nye nu vevi aɖe le Ɣetoɖoƒe Europa dukɔ mawo siwo nɔ ho ʋlim kple wo nɔewo be yewoawɔ ƒukpowo dzi fiaɖuƒewo la ta.&lt;ref&gt;https://archive.org/details/blackcargoeshist00mann&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/slav/hd_slav.htm&lt;/ref&gt; Portugaltɔwo, le ƒe alafa 16 lia me, ye nye ame gbãtɔ siwo tsɔ kluviwo yi Atlantik-ƒua dzi. Le ƒe 1526 me la, wowu Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluviwo ƒe mɔzɔzɔ gbãtɔ nu yi Brazil. Eteƒe medidi o Europatɔ bubuwo hã kplɔe ɖo.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20150607030319/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/06/150605-shipwreck-slave-trade-south-africa-18th-century-brazil/&lt;/ref&gt; Tɔdziʋutɔawo bu kluviawo be wonye agbawo be woatsɔ ayi Amerika-dukɔwo me kabakaba kple asi bɔbɔe alesi woate ŋui,[13] afimae woadzra be woatsɔ awɔ dɔ le kɔfi, atama, kokoo, sukli, kple kotoklobo agblewo, sika kple klosalo tomenukuƒewo, bligblewo, xɔtudɔwɔƒewo, atiwo ɖeɖe na meliwo, abe dɔ siwo me aɖaŋu le ene, kple wo me. Wobu Afrikatɔ gbãtɔ siwo wowɔ kluviwoe siwo woɖo ɖe Eŋlisiawo ƒe anyigba siwo dzi woɖu la be wonye dɔla siwo wotsɔ de asi na amewo, eye woƒe nɔnɔme sɔ kple dɔwɔla siwo le nubabla me siwo tso Britain kple Ireland tɔ le se nu. Kaka ƒe alafa 17 lia ƒe domedome naɖo la, kluvinyenye sesẽ abe ameƒomevinyenye ƒe hatsotso ene, eye Afrikatɔwo ƒe kluviwo kple woƒe dzidzimevi siwo ava nye woƒe aƒetɔwo le se nu le se nu, elabena ɖevi siwo wodzi na kluvi dadawo hã nye kluviwo (Partus Sequitur Ventrem). Abe nunɔamesiwo ene la, wobua ameawo be wonye adzɔnuwo alo dɔwɔlawo ƒe akpawo, eye wodzra wo le asiwo me kple adzɔnuwo kple dɔwɔna bubuwo.[17]


== References ==</text>
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= Atlantic Slave Trade (Atlantik kluvisitsatsa) =
 

Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa alo Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa bia be kluvisitsalawo tsɔa Afrikatɔ siwo wowɔ kluviwoe yia Amerika-nyigbawo dzi. Europa kluviwo ƒe meliwo zãa asitsamɔ si le dzogoe etɔ̃ me kple eƒe Titinamɔa edziedzi. Europatɔwo ɖo ƒuta kluvisitsatsa anyi le ƒe alafa 15 lia me, eye asitsatsa yi Amerika dze egɔme le ƒe alafa 16 lia me, eye wònɔ anyi vaseɖe ƒe alafa 19 lia me.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Nebraska_Press&lt;/ref&gt; Amesiwo wotsɔ yi Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa me ƒe akpa gãtɔ tso Titina Afrika kple Ɣetoɖoƒe Afrika eye Ɣetoɖoƒe Afrika kluvisitsalawo dzra wo na Europa kluvisitsalawo,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/23/opinion/23gates.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade#CITEREFThornton1998&lt;/ref&gt; esime kluvisitsalawo lé bubuwo tẽ le ƒutatɔwo ƒe amedzidzedzewo me.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20200716004107/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zy7fr82/revision/3&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20221215214335/https://www.nps.gov/ethnography/aah/aaheritage/histContextsB.htm&lt;/ref&gt; Europa kluvisitsalawo ƒoa kluviwo nu ƒu hedea gaxɔ me le mɔ̃ sesẽ siwo le Afrika ƒuta eye emegbe wokplɔa wo va Amerika.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20200717094706/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxt3gk7/revision/7&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20201126155135/https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/history-of-slavery/west-africa&lt;/ref&gt; Portugaltɔwo kple Europatɔ aɖewo kpɔ gome le kluviwo dzi dzedze me. Abe alesi Dukɔa ƒe Blemanudzraɖoƒewo Liverpool ɖe eme ene la: &quot;Europa asitsala aɖewo lé Afrikatɔ aɖewo le amedzidzedzewo me le ƒuta, gake woƒle wo dometɔ akpa gãtɔ tso nutoa me Afrika alo Afrika-Europa asitsalawo gbɔ.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/history-of-slavery/west-africa&lt;/ref&gt; Zi geɖe la, Europa kluvisitsalawo mekpɔa gome le kluviwo dzi dzedze me o. Esia nye esi Europatɔwo ƒe agbenɔƒe didi le Afrika ƒe anyiehe Sahara mede ƒe ɖeka le kluvisitsatsa ƒe ɣeyiɣia me o le asrã si bɔ ɖe Afrika-nyigbagã dzi ta.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.jstor.org/stable/181856&lt;/ref&gt; Portugaltɔwo ƒe ƒutadzidzelawo kpɔe be kluviwo dzi dzedze xɔa ga geɖe akpa eye zi geɖe la, mewɔa dɔ o eye wotia asitsatsa ƒe kadodo siwo woɖo anyi.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240627115650/https://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/africanpassageslowcountryadapt/introductionatlanticworld/trans_atlantic_slave_trade&lt;/ref&gt;

South Atlantik kple Caribbean-dukɔwo ƒe ganyawo nɔ te ɖe kluviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi vevietɔ hena sukli kple nu bubuwo wɔwɔ.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240625094400/http://natt.gov.tt/sites/default/files/pdfs/The-Rise-and-Fall-of-King-Sugar.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240127075115/https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/archaeologyofslavery/sugar-plantations&lt;/ref&gt;Esia nye nu vevi aɖe le Ɣetoɖoƒe Europa dukɔ mawo siwo nɔ ho ʋlim kple wo nɔewo be yewoawɔ ƒukpowo dzi fiaɖuƒewo la ta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://archive.org/details/blackcargoeshist00mann&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/slav/hd_slav.htm&lt;/ref&gt; Portugaltɔwo, le ƒe alafa 16 lia me, ye nye ame gbãtɔ siwo tsɔ kluviwo yi Atlantik-ƒua dzi. Le ƒe 1526 me la, wowu Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluviwo ƒe mɔzɔzɔ gbãtɔ nu yi Brazil. Eteƒe medidi o Europatɔ bubuwo hã kplɔe ɖo.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20150607030319/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/06/150605-shipwreck-slave-trade-south-africa-18th-century-brazil/&lt;/ref&gt; Tɔdziʋutɔawo bu kluviawo be wonye agbawo be woatsɔ ayi Amerika-dukɔwo me kabakaba kple asi bɔbɔe alesi woate ŋui,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;afimae woadzra be woatsɔ awɔ dɔ le kɔfi, atama, kokoo, sukli, kple kotoklobo agblewo, sika kple klosalo tomenukuƒewo, bligblewo, xɔtudɔwɔƒewo, atiwo ɖeɖe na meliwo, abe dɔ siwo me aɖaŋu le ene, kple wo me.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade#cite_note-Covey-Eisnach_2009-16&lt;/ref&gt; Wobu Afrikatɔ gbãtɔ siwo wowɔ kluviwoe siwo woɖo ɖe Eŋlisiawo ƒe anyigba siwo dzi woɖu la be wonye dɔla siwo wotsɔ de asi na amewo, eye woƒe nɔnɔme sɔ kple dɔwɔla siwo le nubabla me siwo tso Britain kple Ireland tɔ le se nu. Kaka ƒe alafa 17 lia ƒe domedome naɖo la, kluvinyenye sesẽ abe ameƒomevinyenye ƒe hatsotso ene, eye Afrikatɔwo ƒe kluviwo kple woƒe dzidzimevi siwo ava nye woƒe aƒetɔwo le se nu le se nu, elabena ɖevi siwo wodzi na kluvi dadawo hã nye kluviwo (Partus Sequitur Ventrem). Abe nunɔamesiwo ene la, wobua ameawo be wonye adzɔnuwo alo dɔwɔlawo ƒe akpawo, eye wodzra wo le asiwo me kple adzɔnuwo kple dɔwɔna bubuwo.


== References ==</text>
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= Atlantic Slave Trade (Atlantik kluvisitsatsa) =
 

Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa alo Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa bia be kluvisitsalawo tsɔa Afrikatɔ siwo wowɔ kluviwoe yia Amerika-nyigbawo dzi. Europa kluviwo ƒe meliwo zãa asitsamɔ si le dzogoe etɔ̃ me kple eƒe Titinamɔa edziedzi. Europatɔwo ɖo ƒuta kluvisitsatsa anyi le ƒe alafa 15 lia me, eye asitsatsa yi Amerika dze egɔme le ƒe alafa 16 lia me, eye wònɔ anyi vaseɖe ƒe alafa 19 lia me.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Nebraska_Press&lt;/ref&gt; Amesiwo wotsɔ yi Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa me ƒe akpa gãtɔ tso Titina Afrika kple Ɣetoɖoƒe Afrika eye Ɣetoɖoƒe Afrika kluvisitsalawo dzra wo na Europa kluvisitsalawo,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/23/opinion/23gates.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade#CITEREFThornton1998&lt;/ref&gt; esime kluvisitsalawo lé bubuwo tẽ le ƒutatɔwo ƒe amedzidzedzewo me.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20200716004107/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zy7fr82/revision/3&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20221215214335/https://www.nps.gov/ethnography/aah/aaheritage/histContextsB.htm&lt;/ref&gt; Europa kluvisitsalawo ƒoa kluviwo nu ƒu hedea gaxɔ me le mɔ̃ sesẽ siwo le Afrika ƒuta eye emegbe wokplɔa wo va Amerika.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20200717094706/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxt3gk7/revision/7&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20201126155135/https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/history-of-slavery/west-africa&lt;/ref&gt; Portugaltɔwo kple Europatɔ aɖewo kpɔ gome le kluviwo dzi dzedze me. Abe alesi Dukɔa ƒe Blemanudzraɖoƒewo Liverpool ɖe eme ene la: &quot;Europa asitsala aɖewo lé Afrikatɔ aɖewo le amedzidzedzewo me le ƒuta, gake woƒle wo dometɔ akpa gãtɔ tso nutoa me Afrika alo Afrika-Europa asitsalawo gbɔ.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/history-of-slavery/west-africa&lt;/ref&gt; Zi geɖe la, Europa kluvisitsalawo mekpɔa gome le kluviwo dzi dzedze me o. Esia nye esi Europatɔwo ƒe agbenɔƒe didi le Afrika ƒe anyiehe Sahara mede ƒe ɖeka le kluvisitsatsa ƒe ɣeyiɣia me o le asrã si bɔ ɖe Afrika-nyigbagã dzi ta.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.jstor.org/stable/181856&lt;/ref&gt; Portugaltɔwo ƒe ƒutadzidzelawo kpɔe be kluviwo dzi dzedze xɔa ga geɖe akpa eye zi geɖe la, mewɔa dɔ o eye wotia asitsatsa ƒe kadodo siwo woɖo anyi.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240627115650/https://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/africanpassageslowcountryadapt/introductionatlanticworld/trans_atlantic_slave_trade&lt;/ref&gt;

South Atlantik kple Caribbean-dukɔwo ƒe ganyawo nɔ te ɖe kluviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi vevietɔ hena sukli kple nu bubuwo wɔwɔ.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240625094400/http://natt.gov.tt/sites/default/files/pdfs/The-Rise-and-Fall-of-King-Sugar.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240127075115/https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/archaeologyofslavery/sugar-plantations&lt;/ref&gt;Esia nye nu vevi aɖe le Ɣetoɖoƒe Europa dukɔ mawo siwo nɔ ho ʋlim kple wo nɔewo be yewoawɔ ƒukpowo dzi fiaɖuƒewo la ta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://archive.org/details/blackcargoeshist00mann&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/slav/hd_slav.htm&lt;/ref&gt; Portugaltɔwo, le ƒe alafa 16 lia me, ye nye ame gbãtɔ siwo tsɔ kluviwo yi Atlantik-ƒua dzi. Le ƒe 1526 me la, wowu Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluviwo ƒe mɔzɔzɔ gbãtɔ nu yi Brazil. Eteƒe medidi o Europatɔ bubuwo hã kplɔe ɖo.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20150607030319/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/06/150605-shipwreck-slave-trade-south-africa-18th-century-brazil/&lt;/ref&gt; Tɔdziʋutɔawo bu kluviawo be wonye agbawo be woatsɔ ayi Amerika-dukɔwo me kabakaba kple asi bɔbɔe alesi woate ŋui,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;afimae woadzra be woatsɔ awɔ dɔ le kɔfi, atama, kokoo, sukli, kple kotoklobo agblewo, sika kple klosalo tomenukuƒewo, bligblewo, xɔtudɔwɔƒewo, atiwo ɖeɖe na meliwo, abe dɔ siwo me aɖaŋu le ene, kple wo me.&lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=xhpBsIa5yqEC&amp;pg=PA49&lt;/ref&gt; Wobu Afrikatɔ gbãtɔ siwo wowɔ kluviwoe siwo woɖo ɖe Eŋlisiawo ƒe anyigba siwo dzi woɖu la be wonye dɔla siwo wotsɔ de asi na amewo, eye woƒe nɔnɔme sɔ kple dɔwɔla siwo le nubabla me siwo tso Britain kple Ireland tɔ le se nu. Kaka ƒe alafa 17 lia ƒe domedome naɖo la, kluvinyenye sesẽ abe ameƒomevinyenye ƒe hatsotso ene, eye Afrikatɔwo ƒe kluviwo kple woƒe dzidzimevi siwo ava nye woƒe aƒetɔwo le se nu le se nu, elabena ɖevi siwo wodzi na kluvi dadawo hã nye kluviwo (Partus Sequitur Ventrem). Abe nunɔamesiwo ene la, wobua ameawo be wonye adzɔnuwo alo dɔwɔlawo ƒe akpawo, eye wodzra wo le asiwo me kple adzɔnuwo kple dɔwɔna bubuwo.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240117153933/https://ap.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/imperial-rivalries/essays/discovery-americas-and-transatlantic-slave-trade&lt;/ref&gt;


== References ==</text>
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= Atlantic Slave Trade (Atlantik kluvisitsatsa) =
 

Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa alo Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa bia be kluvisitsalawo tsɔa Afrikatɔ siwo wowɔ kluviwoe yia Amerika-nyigbawo dzi. Europa kluviwo ƒe meliwo zãa asitsamɔ si le dzogoe etɔ̃ me kple eƒe Titinamɔa edziedzi. Europatɔwo ɖo ƒuta kluvisitsatsa anyi le ƒe alafa 15 lia me, eye asitsatsa yi Amerika dze egɔme le ƒe alafa 16 lia me, eye wònɔ anyi vaseɖe ƒe alafa 19 lia me.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Nebraska_Press&lt;/ref&gt; Amesiwo wotsɔ yi Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa me ƒe akpa gãtɔ tso Titina Afrika kple Ɣetoɖoƒe Afrika eye Ɣetoɖoƒe Afrika kluvisitsalawo dzra wo na Europa kluvisitsalawo,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/23/opinion/23gates.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade#CITEREFThornton1998&lt;/ref&gt; esime kluvisitsalawo lé bubuwo tẽ le ƒutatɔwo ƒe amedzidzedzewo me.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20200716004107/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zy7fr82/revision/3&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20221215214335/https://www.nps.gov/ethnography/aah/aaheritage/histContextsB.htm&lt;/ref&gt; Europa kluvisitsalawo ƒoa kluviwo nu ƒu hedea gaxɔ me le mɔ̃ sesẽ siwo le Afrika ƒuta eye emegbe wokplɔa wo va Amerika.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20200717094706/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxt3gk7/revision/7&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20201126155135/https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/history-of-slavery/west-africa&lt;/ref&gt; Portugaltɔwo kple Europatɔ aɖewo kpɔ gome le kluviwo dzi dzedze me. Abe alesi Dukɔa ƒe Blemanudzraɖoƒewo Liverpool ɖe eme ene la: &quot;Europa asitsala aɖewo lé Afrikatɔ aɖewo le amedzidzedzewo me le ƒuta, gake woƒle wo dometɔ akpa gãtɔ tso nutoa me Afrika alo Afrika-Europa asitsalawo gbɔ.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/history-of-slavery/west-africa&lt;/ref&gt; Zi geɖe la, Europa kluvisitsalawo mekpɔa gome le kluviwo dzi dzedze me o. Esia nye esi Europatɔwo ƒe agbenɔƒe didi le Afrika ƒe anyiehe Sahara mede ƒe ɖeka le kluvisitsatsa ƒe ɣeyiɣia me o le asrã si bɔ ɖe Afrika-nyigbagã dzi ta.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.jstor.org/stable/181856&lt;/ref&gt; Portugaltɔwo ƒe ƒutadzidzelawo kpɔe be kluviwo dzi dzedze xɔa ga geɖe akpa eye zi geɖe la, mewɔa dɔ o eye wotia asitsatsa ƒe kadodo siwo woɖo anyi.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240627115650/https://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/africanpassageslowcountryadapt/introductionatlanticworld/trans_atlantic_slave_trade&lt;/ref&gt;

South Atlantik kple Caribbean-dukɔwo ƒe ganyawo nɔ te ɖe kluviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi vevietɔ hena sukli kple nu bubuwo wɔwɔ.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240625094400/http://natt.gov.tt/sites/default/files/pdfs/The-Rise-and-Fall-of-King-Sugar.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240127075115/https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/archaeologyofslavery/sugar-plantations&lt;/ref&gt;Esia nye nu vevi aɖe le Ɣetoɖoƒe Europa dukɔ mawo siwo nɔ ho ʋlim kple wo nɔewo be yewoawɔ ƒukpowo dzi fiaɖuƒewo la ta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://archive.org/details/blackcargoeshist00mann&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/slav/hd_slav.htm&lt;/ref&gt; Portugaltɔwo, le ƒe alafa 16 lia me, ye nye ame gbãtɔ siwo tsɔ kluviwo yi Atlantik-ƒua dzi. Le ƒe 1526 me la, wowu Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluviwo ƒe mɔzɔzɔ gbãtɔ nu yi Brazil. Eteƒe medidi o Europatɔ bubuwo hã kplɔe ɖo.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20150607030319/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/06/150605-shipwreck-slave-trade-south-africa-18th-century-brazil/&lt;/ref&gt; Tɔdziʋutɔawo bu kluviawo be wonye agbawo be woatsɔ ayi Amerika-dukɔwo me kabakaba kple asi bɔbɔe alesi woate ŋui,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;afimae woadzra be woatsɔ awɔ dɔ le kɔfi, atama, kokoo, sukli, kple kotoklobo agblewo, sika kple klosalo tomenukuƒewo, bligblewo, xɔtudɔwɔƒewo, atiwo ɖeɖe na meliwo, abe dɔ siwo me aɖaŋu le ene, kple wo me.&lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=xhpBsIa5yqEC&amp;pg=PA49&lt;/ref&gt; Wobu Afrikatɔ gbãtɔ siwo wowɔ kluviwoe siwo woɖo ɖe Eŋlisiawo ƒe anyigba siwo dzi woɖu la be wonye dɔla siwo wotsɔ de asi na amewo, eye woƒe nɔnɔme sɔ kple dɔwɔla siwo le nubabla me siwo tso Britain kple Ireland tɔ le se nu. Kaka ƒe alafa 17 lia ƒe domedome naɖo la, kluvinyenye sesẽ abe ameƒomevinyenye ƒe hatsotso ene, eye Afrikatɔwo ƒe kluviwo kple woƒe dzidzimevi siwo ava nye woƒe aƒetɔwo le se nu le se nu, elabena ɖevi siwo wodzi na kluvi dadawo hã nye kluviwo (Partus Sequitur Ventrem). Abe nunɔamesiwo ene la, wobua ameawo be wonye adzɔnuwo alo dɔwɔlawo ƒe akpawo, eye wodzra wo le asiwo me kple adzɔnuwo kple dɔwɔna bubuwo.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240117153933/https://ap.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/imperial-rivalries/essays/discovery-americas-and-transatlantic-slave-trade&lt;/ref&gt;

Dukɔ vevi siwo le Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluviwo ƒe asitsatsa me, le asitsatsa ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ nu, enye Portugal, Britain, Spain, France, Netherlands, United States, kple Denmark. Ame geɖe ɖo aʋawɔƒe siwo le Afrika ƒuta, afisi woƒle kluviwo tso Afrika kplɔla siwo le nutoa me gbɔ le.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press&lt;/ref&gt;


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= Atlantic Slave Trade (Atlantik kluvisitsatsa) =
 

Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa alo Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa bia be kluvisitsalawo tsɔa Afrikatɔ siwo wowɔ kluviwoe yia Amerika-nyigbawo dzi. Europa kluviwo ƒe meliwo zãa asitsamɔ si le dzogoe etɔ̃ me kple eƒe Titinamɔa edziedzi. Europatɔwo ɖo ƒuta kluvisitsatsa anyi le ƒe alafa 15 lia me, eye asitsatsa yi Amerika dze egɔme le ƒe alafa 16 lia me, eye wònɔ anyi vaseɖe ƒe alafa 19 lia me.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Nebraska_Press&lt;/ref&gt; Amesiwo wotsɔ yi Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa me ƒe akpa gãtɔ tso Titina Afrika kple Ɣetoɖoƒe Afrika eye Ɣetoɖoƒe Afrika kluvisitsalawo dzra wo na Europa kluvisitsalawo,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/23/opinion/23gates.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade#CITEREFThornton1998&lt;/ref&gt; esime kluvisitsalawo lé bubuwo tẽ le ƒutatɔwo ƒe amedzidzedzewo me.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20200716004107/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zy7fr82/revision/3&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20221215214335/https://www.nps.gov/ethnography/aah/aaheritage/histContextsB.htm&lt;/ref&gt; Europa kluvisitsalawo ƒoa kluviwo nu ƒu hedea gaxɔ me le mɔ̃ sesẽ siwo le Afrika ƒuta eye emegbe wokplɔa wo va Amerika.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20200717094706/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxt3gk7/revision/7&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20201126155135/https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/history-of-slavery/west-africa&lt;/ref&gt; Portugaltɔwo kple Europatɔ aɖewo kpɔ gome le kluviwo dzi dzedze me. Abe alesi Dukɔa ƒe Blemanudzraɖoƒewo Liverpool ɖe eme ene la: &quot;Europa asitsala aɖewo lé Afrikatɔ aɖewo le amedzidzedzewo me le ƒuta, gake woƒle wo dometɔ akpa gãtɔ tso nutoa me Afrika alo Afrika-Europa asitsalawo gbɔ.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/history-of-slavery/west-africa&lt;/ref&gt; Zi geɖe la, Europa kluvisitsalawo mekpɔa gome le kluviwo dzi dzedze me o. Esia nye esi Europatɔwo ƒe agbenɔƒe didi le Afrika ƒe anyiehe Sahara mede ƒe ɖeka le kluvisitsatsa ƒe ɣeyiɣia me o le asrã si bɔ ɖe Afrika-nyigbagã dzi ta.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.jstor.org/stable/181856&lt;/ref&gt; Portugaltɔwo ƒe ƒutadzidzelawo kpɔe be kluviwo dzi dzedze xɔa ga geɖe akpa eye zi geɖe la, mewɔa dɔ o eye wotia asitsatsa ƒe kadodo siwo woɖo anyi.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240627115650/https://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/africanpassageslowcountryadapt/introductionatlanticworld/trans_atlantic_slave_trade&lt;/ref&gt;

South Atlantik kple Caribbean-dukɔwo ƒe ganyawo nɔ te ɖe kluviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi vevietɔ hena sukli kple nu bubuwo wɔwɔ.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240625094400/http://natt.gov.tt/sites/default/files/pdfs/The-Rise-and-Fall-of-King-Sugar.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240127075115/https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/archaeologyofslavery/sugar-plantations&lt;/ref&gt;Esia nye nu vevi aɖe le Ɣetoɖoƒe Europa dukɔ mawo siwo nɔ ho ʋlim kple wo nɔewo be yewoawɔ ƒukpowo dzi fiaɖuƒewo la ta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://archive.org/details/blackcargoeshist00mann&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/slav/hd_slav.htm&lt;/ref&gt; Portugaltɔwo, le ƒe alafa 16 lia me, ye nye ame gbãtɔ siwo tsɔ kluviwo yi Atlantik-ƒua dzi. Le ƒe 1526 me la, wowu Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluviwo ƒe mɔzɔzɔ gbãtɔ nu yi Brazil. Eteƒe medidi o Europatɔ bubuwo hã kplɔe ɖo.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20150607030319/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/06/150605-shipwreck-slave-trade-south-africa-18th-century-brazil/&lt;/ref&gt; Tɔdziʋutɔawo bu kluviawo be wonye agbawo be woatsɔ ayi Amerika-dukɔwo me kabakaba kple asi bɔbɔe alesi woate ŋui,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;afimae woadzra be woatsɔ awɔ dɔ le kɔfi, atama, kokoo, sukli, kple kotoklobo agblewo, sika kple klosalo tomenukuƒewo, bligblewo, xɔtudɔwɔƒewo, atiwo ɖeɖe na meliwo, abe dɔ siwo me aɖaŋu le ene, kple wo me.&lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=xhpBsIa5yqEC&amp;pg=PA49&lt;/ref&gt; Wobu Afrikatɔ gbãtɔ siwo wowɔ kluviwoe siwo woɖo ɖe Eŋlisiawo ƒe anyigba siwo dzi woɖu la be wonye dɔla siwo wotsɔ de asi na amewo, eye woƒe nɔnɔme sɔ kple dɔwɔla siwo le nubabla me siwo tso Britain kple Ireland tɔ le se nu. Kaka ƒe alafa 17 lia ƒe domedome naɖo la, kluvinyenye sesẽ abe ameƒomevinyenye ƒe hatsotso ene, eye Afrikatɔwo ƒe kluviwo kple woƒe dzidzimevi siwo ava nye woƒe aƒetɔwo le se nu le se nu, elabena ɖevi siwo wodzi na kluvi dadawo hã nye kluviwo (Partus Sequitur Ventrem). Abe nunɔamesiwo ene la, wobua ameawo be wonye adzɔnuwo alo dɔwɔlawo ƒe akpawo, eye wodzra wo le asiwo me kple adzɔnuwo kple dɔwɔna bubuwo.&lt;ref&gt;https://ap.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/imperial-rivalries/essays/discovery-americas-and-transatlantic-slave-trade&lt;/ref&gt;

Dukɔ vevi siwo le Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluviwo ƒe asitsatsa me, le asitsatsa ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ nu, enye Portugal, Britain, Spain, France, Netherlands, United States, kple Denmark. Ame geɖe ɖo aʋawɔƒe siwo le Afrika ƒuta, afisi woƒle kluviwo tso Afrika kplɔla siwo le nutoa me gbɔ le.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press&lt;/ref&gt; Nu aɖe si woɖo ɖe ƒuta alo te ɖe eŋu lae kpɔa kluvi siawo dzi be woawɔ kluviwo ɖoɖo ɖe xexe yeyea me kabakaba. Wode kluviwo gaxɔ me le asitsaƒe siwo woyɔna be dɔwɔƒewo esime wonɔ lalam be woaɖo wo ɖe yewo. Wobu akɔnta fifia be woɖo Afrikatɔ siwo ade miliɔn 12 va ɖo 12.8 ɖe Atlantik-ƒua dzi le ƒe 400 me.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_African_History&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade#CITEREFMeredith2014&lt;/ref&gt;


== References ==</text>
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= Atlantic Slave Trade (Atlantik kluvisitsatsa) =
 

Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa alo Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa bia be kluvisitsalawo tsɔa Afrikatɔ siwo wowɔ kluviwoe yia Amerika-nyigbawo dzi. Europa kluviwo ƒe meliwo zãa asitsamɔ si le dzogoe etɔ̃ me kple eƒe Titinamɔa edziedzi. Europatɔwo ɖo ƒuta kluvisitsatsa anyi le ƒe alafa 15 lia me, eye asitsatsa yi Amerika dze egɔme le ƒe alafa 16 lia me, eye wònɔ anyi vaseɖe ƒe alafa 19 lia me.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Nebraska_Press&lt;/ref&gt; Amesiwo wotsɔ yi Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluvisitsatsa me ƒe akpa gãtɔ tso Titina Afrika kple Ɣetoɖoƒe Afrika eye Ɣetoɖoƒe Afrika kluvisitsalawo dzra wo na Europa kluvisitsalawo,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/23/opinion/23gates.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade#CITEREFThornton1998&lt;/ref&gt; esime kluvisitsalawo lé bubuwo tẽ le ƒutatɔwo ƒe amedzidzedzewo me.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20200716004107/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zy7fr82/revision/3&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20221215214335/https://www.nps.gov/ethnography/aah/aaheritage/histContextsB.htm&lt;/ref&gt; Europa kluvisitsalawo ƒoa kluviwo nu ƒu hedea gaxɔ me le mɔ̃ sesẽ siwo le Afrika ƒuta eye emegbe wokplɔa wo va Amerika.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20200717094706/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxt3gk7/revision/7&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20201126155135/https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/history-of-slavery/west-africa&lt;/ref&gt; Portugaltɔwo kple Europatɔ aɖewo kpɔ gome le kluviwo dzi dzedze me. Abe alesi Dukɔa ƒe Blemanudzraɖoƒewo Liverpool ɖe eme ene la: &quot;Europa asitsala aɖewo lé Afrikatɔ aɖewo le amedzidzedzewo me le ƒuta, gake woƒle wo dometɔ akpa gãtɔ tso nutoa me Afrika alo Afrika-Europa asitsalawo gbɔ.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/history-of-slavery/west-africa&lt;/ref&gt; Zi geɖe la, Europa kluvisitsalawo mekpɔa gome le kluviwo dzi dzedze me o. Esia nye esi Europatɔwo ƒe agbenɔƒe didi le Afrika ƒe anyiehe Sahara mede ƒe ɖeka le kluvisitsatsa ƒe ɣeyiɣia me o le asrã si bɔ ɖe Afrika-nyigbagã dzi ta.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.jstor.org/stable/181856&lt;/ref&gt; Portugaltɔwo ƒe ƒutadzidzelawo kpɔe be kluviwo dzi dzedze xɔa ga geɖe akpa eye zi geɖe la, mewɔa dɔ o eye wotia asitsatsa ƒe kadodo siwo woɖo anyi.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240627115650/https://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/africanpassageslowcountryadapt/introductionatlanticworld/trans_atlantic_slave_trade&lt;/ref&gt;

South Atlantik kple Caribbean-dukɔwo ƒe ganyawo nɔ te ɖe kluviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi vevietɔ hena sukli kple nu bubuwo wɔwɔ.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240625094400/http://natt.gov.tt/sites/default/files/pdfs/The-Rise-and-Fall-of-King-Sugar.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240127075115/https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/archaeologyofslavery/sugar-plantations&lt;/ref&gt;Esia nye nu vevi aɖe le Ɣetoɖoƒe Europa dukɔ mawo siwo nɔ ho ʋlim kple wo nɔewo be yewoawɔ ƒukpowo dzi fiaɖuƒewo la ta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://archive.org/details/blackcargoeshist00mann&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/slav/hd_slav.htm&lt;/ref&gt; Portugaltɔwo, le ƒe alafa 16 lia me, ye nye ame gbãtɔ siwo tsɔ kluviwo yi Atlantik-ƒua dzi. Le ƒe 1526 me la, wowu Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluviwo ƒe mɔzɔzɔ gbãtɔ nu yi Brazil. Eteƒe medidi o Europatɔ bubuwo hã kplɔe ɖo.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20150607030319/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/06/150605-shipwreck-slave-trade-south-africa-18th-century-brazil/&lt;/ref&gt; Tɔdziʋutɔawo bu kluviawo be wonye agbawo be woatsɔ ayi Amerika-dukɔwo me kabakaba kple asi bɔbɔe alesi woate ŋui,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;afimae woadzra be woatsɔ awɔ dɔ le kɔfi, atama, kokoo, sukli, kple kotoklobo agblewo, sika kple klosalo tomenukuƒewo, bligblewo, xɔtudɔwɔƒewo, atiwo ɖeɖe na meliwo, abe dɔ siwo me aɖaŋu le ene, kple wo me.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade#cite_ref-Covey-Eisnach_2009_16-0&lt;/ref&gt; Wobu Afrikatɔ gbãtɔ siwo wowɔ kluviwoe siwo woɖo ɖe Eŋlisiawo ƒe anyigba siwo dzi woɖu la be wonye dɔla siwo wotsɔ de asi na amewo, eye woƒe nɔnɔme sɔ kple dɔwɔla siwo le nubabla me siwo tso Britain kple Ireland tɔ le se nu. Kaka ƒe alafa 17 lia ƒe domedome naɖo la, kluvinyenye sesẽ abe ameƒomevinyenye ƒe hatsotso ene, eye Afrikatɔwo ƒe kluviwo kple woƒe dzidzimevi siwo ava nye woƒe aƒetɔwo le se nu le se nu, elabena ɖevi siwo wodzi na kluvi dadawo hã nye kluviwo (Partus Sequitur Ventrem). Abe nunɔamesiwo ene la, wobua ameawo be wonye adzɔnuwo alo dɔwɔlawo ƒe akpawo, eye wodzra wo le asiwo me kple adzɔnuwo kple dɔwɔna bubuwo.&lt;ref&gt;https://ap.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/imperial-rivalries/essays/discovery-americas-and-transatlantic-slave-trade&lt;/ref&gt;

Dukɔ vevi siwo le Atlantik-ƒua dzi kluviwo ƒe asitsatsa me, le asitsatsa ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ nu, enye Portugal, Britain, Spain, France, Netherlands, United States, kple Denmark. Ame geɖe ɖo aʋawɔƒe siwo le Afrika ƒuta, afisi woƒle kluviwo tso Afrika kplɔla siwo le nutoa me gbɔ le.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade#cite_ref-18&lt;/ref&gt; Nu aɖe si woɖo ɖe ƒuta alo te ɖe eŋu lae kpɔa kluvi siawo dzi be woawɔ kluviwo ɖoɖo ɖe xexe yeyea me kabakaba. Wode kluviwo gaxɔ me le asitsaƒe siwo woyɔna be dɔwɔƒewo esime wonɔ lalam be woaɖo wo ɖe yewo. Wobu akɔnta fifia be woɖo Afrikatɔ siwo ade miliɔn 12 va ɖo 12.8 ɖe Atlantik-ƒua dzi le ƒe 400 me.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_African_History&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade#CITEREFMeredith2014&lt;/ref&gt;


== References ==</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;  Ghana Dukɔa (si nye Sikaƒuta ɣemaɣi) ƒe nuto va yɔe le Europa kple Arabia be Ghana Fiaɖuƒe le eƒe Fiagã, Ghana ƒe dzesideŋkɔ ta.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195301731.013.47874&lt;/ref&gt; Le anyigba ƒe nɔnɔme nu la, blema Ghana Fiaɖuƒea didi abe kilometa 800 ene tso egbegbe Ghana dukɔ ƒe dziehe kple ɣetoɖoƒe gome, eye wòkpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe anyigbamamawo dzi le Sénégal Tɔsisi ƒe nuto me kple ɣedzeƒe gome ɖo ta Niger tɔsisiwo gbɔ, l...&quot;</comment>
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Ghana Dukɔa (si nye Sikaƒuta ɣemaɣi) ƒe nuto va yɔe le Europa kple Arabia be Ghana Fiaɖuƒe le eƒe Fiagã, Ghana ƒe dzesideŋkɔ ta.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195301731.013.47874&lt;/ref&gt; Le anyigba ƒe nɔnɔme nu la, blema Ghana Fiaɖuƒea didi abe kilometa 800 ene tso egbegbe Ghana dukɔ ƒe dziehe kple ɣetoɖoƒe gome, eye wòkpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe anyigbamamawo dzi le Sénégal Tɔsisi ƒe nuto me kple ɣedzeƒe gome ɖo ta Niger tɔsisiwo gbɔ, le egbegbe Senegal, Mauritania kple Mali.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ushistory.org/civ/7a.asp&lt;/ref&gt; Edze abe fiaɖuƒea me gblẽ le Almoravidtɔwo&lt;ref&gt;https://wasscehistorytextbook.com/3-islam-in-west-africa-introduction-spread-and-effects/&lt;/ref&gt; ƒe Aʋafia Abu-Bakr Ibn-Umar ƒe aʋadziɖuɖu le ƒe 1076 me megbe ene. Fiaɖuƒe si dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ la yi edzi nɔ anyi le Almoravidtɔwo ƒe dziɖuɖua ƒe nuwuwu megbe, eye fiaɖuƒea va emegbe wotsɔe de Sahelia-fiaɖuƒe siwo kplɔe ɖo, abe Mali Fiaɖuƒea ene, me.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1874-6772_seg_a27_424&lt;/ref&gt; Le ɣeyiɣi ma ke me lɔƒo, le Mali fiaɖuƒea ƒe dzigbe gome le egbegbe Ghana ƒe dziehe gome la, Dagbon Fiaɖuƒea do.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/lions-of-dagbon/632F3A561E8E35826A29CE53FEFF108D&lt;/ref&gt; Wowɔ ɖeka kple dukɔ siwo me woɖe mɔ ɖe nu ŋu le siwo dzi tindamba ɖu la wozu fiaɖuƒe. Fiaɖuƒe sue geɖewo ado tso Dagbon emegbe siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye Mossi Fiaɖuƒe siwo le Burkina Faso kple Bouna Fiaɖuƒe si le Ivory Coast. Dagbon ye nye mɔɖela le Ghana ƒe nusrɔ̃ƒe gbãtɔwo, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye yunivɛsitidu aɖe, kple nuŋɔŋlɔ ƒe ɖoɖo aɖe do ŋgɔ na Europatɔwo ƒe vava</text>
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Ghana Dukɔa (si nye Sikaƒuta ɣemaɣi) ƒe nuto va yɔe le Europa kple Arabia be Ghana Fiaɖuƒe le eƒe Fiagã, Ghana ƒe dzesideŋkɔ ta.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195301731.013.47874&lt;/ref&gt; Le anyigba ƒe nɔnɔme nu la, blema Ghana Fiaɖuƒea didi abe kilometa 800 ene tso egbegbe Ghana dukɔ ƒe dziehe kple ɣetoɖoƒe gome, eye wòkpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe anyigbamamawo dzi le Sénégal Tɔsisi ƒe nuto me kple ɣedzeƒe gome ɖo ta Niger tɔsisiwo gbɔ, le egbegbe Senegal, Mauritania kple Mali.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ushistory.org/civ/7a.asp&lt;/ref&gt; Edze abe fiaɖuƒea me gblẽ le Almoravidtɔwo&lt;ref&gt;https://wasscehistorytextbook.com/3-islam-in-west-africa-introduction-spread-and-effects/&lt;/ref&gt; ƒe Aʋafia Abu-Bakr Ibn-Umar ƒe aʋadziɖuɖu le ƒe 1076 me megbe ene. Fiaɖuƒe si dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ la yi edzi nɔ anyi le Almoravidtɔwo ƒe dziɖuɖua ƒe nuwuwu megbe, eye fiaɖuƒea va emegbe wotsɔe de Sahelia-fiaɖuƒe siwo kplɔe ɖo, abe Mali Fiaɖuƒea ene, me.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1874-6772_seg_a27_424&lt;/ref&gt; Le ɣeyiɣi ma ke me lɔƒo, le Mali fiaɖuƒea ƒe dzigbe gome le egbegbe Ghana ƒe dziehe gome la, Dagbon Fiaɖuƒea do.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/lions-of-dagbon/632F3A561E8E35826A29CE53FEFF108D&lt;/ref&gt; Wowɔ ɖeka kple dukɔ siwo me woɖe mɔ ɖe nu ŋu le siwo dzi tindamba ɖu la wozu fiaɖuƒe. Fiaɖuƒe sue geɖewo ado tso Dagbon emegbe siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye Mossi Fiaɖuƒe siwo le Burkina Faso kple Bouna Fiaɖuƒe si le Ivory Coast. Dagbon ye nye mɔɖela le Ghana ƒe nusrɔ̃ƒe gbãtɔwo, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye yunivɛsitidu aɖe, kple nuŋɔŋlɔ ƒe ɖoɖo aɖe do ŋgɔ na Europatɔwo ƒe vava

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Ghana Dukɔa (si nye Sikaƒuta ɣemaɣi) ƒe nuto va yɔe le Europa kple Arabia be Ghana Fiaɖuƒe le eƒe Fiagã, Ghana ƒe dzesideŋkɔ ta.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195301731.013.47874&lt;/ref&gt; Le anyigba ƒe nɔnɔme nu la, blema Ghana Fiaɖuƒea didi abe kilometa 800 ene tso egbegbe Ghana dukɔ ƒe dziehe kple ɣetoɖoƒe gome, eye wòkpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe anyigbamamawo dzi le Sénégal Tɔsisi ƒe nuto me kple ɣedzeƒe gome ɖo ta Niger tɔsisiwo gbɔ, le egbegbe Senegal, Mauritania kple Mali.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ushistory.org/civ/7a.asp&lt;/ref&gt; Edze abe fiaɖuƒea me gblẽ le Almoravidtɔwo&lt;ref&gt;https://wasscehistorytextbook.com/3-islam-in-west-africa-introduction-spread-and-effects/&lt;/ref&gt; ƒe Aʋafia Abu-Bakr Ibn-Umar ƒe aʋadziɖuɖu le ƒe 1076 me megbe ene. Fiaɖuƒe si dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ la yi edzi nɔ anyi le Almoravidtɔwo ƒe dziɖuɖua ƒe nuwuwu megbe, eye fiaɖuƒea va emegbe wotsɔe de Sahelia-fiaɖuƒe siwo kplɔe ɖo, abe Mali Fiaɖuƒea ene, me.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1874-6772_seg_a27_424&lt;/ref&gt; Le ɣeyiɣi ma ke me lɔƒo, le Mali fiaɖuƒea ƒe dzigbe gome le egbegbe Ghana ƒe dziehe gome la, Dagbon Fiaɖuƒea do.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/lions-of-dagbon/632F3A561E8E35826A29CE53FEFF108D&lt;/ref&gt; Wowɔ ɖeka kple dukɔ siwo me woɖe mɔ ɖe nu ŋu le siwo dzi tindamba ɖu la wozu fiaɖuƒe.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.adrummerstestament.com/2/2-03_The_Origins_of_Dagbon_Before_Naa_Gbewaa.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/lions-of-dagbon/632F3A561E8E35826A29CE53FEFF108D&lt;/ref&gt; Fiaɖuƒe sue geɖewo ado tso Dagbon emegbe siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye Mossi Fiaɖuƒe&lt;ref&gt;https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/africa/mossi-dagomba.htm&lt;/ref&gt; siwo le Burkina Faso&lt;ref&gt;https://our-ancestories.com/blogs/news/the-rise-fall-of-the-powerful-mossi-kingdoms&lt;/ref&gt; kple Bouna Fiaɖuƒe&lt;ref&gt;https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bouna&lt;/ref&gt; si le Ivory Coast.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.rezoivoire.net/ivoire/patrimoine/2403/le-royaume-koulango-de-bouna.html&lt;/ref&gt; Dagbon ye nye mɔɖela le Ghana ƒe nusrɔ̃ƒe gbãtɔwo, &lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323228777&lt;/ref&gt;siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye yunivɛsitidu aɖe, kple nuŋɔŋlɔ ƒe ɖoɖo aɖe do ŋgɔ na Europatɔwo ƒe vava

== References ==</text>
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Ghana Dukɔa (si nye Sikaƒuta ɣemaɣi) ƒe nuto va yɔe le Europa kple Arabia be Ghana Fiaɖuƒe le eƒe Fiagã, Ghana ƒe dzesideŋkɔ ta.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195301731.013.47874&lt;/ref&gt; Le anyigba ƒe nɔnɔme nu la, blema Ghana Fiaɖuƒea didi abe kilometa 800 ene tso egbegbe Ghana dukɔ ƒe dziehe kple ɣetoɖoƒe gome, eye wòkpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe anyigbamamawo dzi le Sénégal Tɔsisi ƒe nuto me kple ɣedzeƒe gome ɖo ta Niger tɔsisiwo gbɔ, le egbegbe Senegal, Mauritania kple Mali.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ushistory.org/civ/7a.asp&lt;/ref&gt; Edze abe fiaɖuƒea me gblẽ le Almoravidtɔwo&lt;ref&gt;https://wasscehistorytextbook.com/3-islam-in-west-africa-introduction-spread-and-effects/&lt;/ref&gt; ƒe Aʋafia Abu-Bakr Ibn-Umar ƒe aʋadziɖuɖu le ƒe 1076 me megbe ene. Fiaɖuƒe si dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ la yi edzi nɔ anyi le Almoravidtɔwo ƒe dziɖuɖua ƒe nuwuwu megbe, eye fiaɖuƒea va emegbe wotsɔe de Sahelia-fiaɖuƒe siwo kplɔe ɖo, abe Mali Fiaɖuƒea ene, me.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1874-6772_seg_a27_424&lt;/ref&gt; Le ɣeyiɣi ma ke me lɔƒo, le Mali fiaɖuƒea ƒe dzigbe gome le egbegbe Ghana ƒe dziehe gome la, Dagbon Fiaɖuƒea do.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/lions-of-dagbon/632F3A561E8E35826A29CE53FEFF108D&lt;/ref&gt; Wowɔ ɖeka kple dukɔ siwo me woɖe mɔ ɖe nu ŋu le siwo dzi tindamba ɖu la wozu fiaɖuƒe.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.adrummerstestament.com/2/2-03_The_Origins_of_Dagbon_Before_Naa_Gbewaa.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/lions-of-dagbon/632F3A561E8E35826A29CE53FEFF108D&lt;/ref&gt; Fiaɖuƒe sue geɖewo ado tso Dagbon emegbe siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye Mossi Fiaɖuƒe&lt;ref&gt;https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/africa/mossi-dagomba.htm&lt;/ref&gt; siwo le Burkina Faso&lt;ref&gt;https://our-ancestories.com/blogs/news/the-rise-fall-of-the-powerful-mossi-kingdoms&lt;/ref&gt; kple Bouna Fiaɖuƒe&lt;ref&gt;https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bouna&lt;/ref&gt; si le Ivory Coast.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.rezoivoire.net/ivoire/patrimoine/2403/le-royaume-koulango-de-bouna.html&lt;/ref&gt; Dagbon ye nye mɔɖela le Ghana ƒe nusrɔ̃ƒe gbãtɔwo, &lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323228777&lt;/ref&gt;siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye yunivɛsitidu aɖe,&lt;ref&gt;http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0021934706286905&lt;/ref&gt; kple nuŋɔŋlɔ ƒe ɖoɖo aɖe do ŋgɔ na Europatɔwo ƒe vava.&lt;ref&gt;https://open.bu.edu/handle/2144/32937&lt;/ref&gt;

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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Our Lady of Apostles Girls Senior High School'''  nye nyɔnuwo katã ƒe kekexɔ evelia ƒe dɔwɔƒe le Ho le Volta nutoa me le Ghana.&lt;ref&gt;http://citifmonline.com/2015/03/14/water-crisis-in-ho-hits-ola-girls-school-hard/&lt;/ref&gt;   '''Ŋutinya'''   Woɖo OLA Nyɔnuviwo ƒe Sekɛndrisuku Tsitsi le February 1, 1954 dzi to Bisiɔp Anthony Konings dzi le Keta kple sukuvi 35. Sukua dze egɔme tso nyɔnuviwo ƒe saɖagaxɔmenɔlawo ƒe xɔdɔmesuku ƒe teƒe si wodo kple titi...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="621" sha1="2h2fc92w2hs3upcp19gf3g5adtsgyzq" xml:space="preserve">'''Our Lady of Apostles Girls Senior High School'''  nye nyɔnuwo katã ƒe kekexɔ evelia ƒe dɔwɔƒe le Ho le Volta nutoa me le Ghana.&lt;ref&gt;http://citifmonline.com/2015/03/14/water-crisis-in-ho-hits-ola-girls-school-hard/&lt;/ref&gt;


'''Ŋutinya''' 

Woɖo OLA Nyɔnuviwo ƒe Sekɛndrisuku Tsitsi le February 1, 1954 dzi to Bisiɔp Anthony Konings dzi le Keta kple sukuvi 35. Sukua dze egɔme tso nyɔnuviwo ƒe saɖagaxɔmenɔlawo ƒe xɔdɔmesuku ƒe teƒe si wodo kple titinasukuxɔ si te ɖe afima ŋu si wotrɔ wòzu sukuxɔwo, nuɖuxɔ kple xɔdɔme me.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/education/ola-60.html&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="639" sha1="0p8f7hlbvozl2ri7o274heqeb4u38mt" xml:space="preserve">'''Our Lady of Apostles Girls Senior High School'''  nye nyɔnuwo katã ƒe kekexɔ evelia ƒe dɔwɔƒe le Ho le Volta nutoa me le Ghana.&lt;ref&gt;http://citifmonline.com/2015/03/14/water-crisis-in-ho-hits-ola-girls-school-hard/&lt;/ref&gt;


'''Ŋutinya''' 

Woɖo OLA Nyɔnuviwo ƒe Sekɛndrisuku Tsitsi le February 1, 1954 dzi to Bisiɔp Anthony Konings dzi le Keta kple sukuvi 35. Sukua dze egɔme tso nyɔnuviwo ƒe saɖagaxɔmenɔlawo ƒe xɔdɔmesuku ƒe teƒe si wodo kple titinasukuxɔ si te ɖe afima ŋu si wotrɔ wòzu sukuxɔwo, nuɖuxɔ kple xɔdɔme me.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/education/ola-60.html&lt;/ref&gt;

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      <text bytes="636" sha1="ooimoa6czbn5cb9t5lhy3hrzrrzmn4i" xml:space="preserve">'''Our Lady of Apostles Girls Senior High School'''  nye nyɔnuwo katã ƒe kekexɔ evelia ƒe dɔwɔƒe le Ho le Volta nutoa me le Ghana.&lt;ref&gt;http://citifmonline.com/2015/03/14/water-crisis-in-ho-hits-ola-girls-school-hard/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ŋutinya ==
Woɖo OLA Nyɔnuviwo ƒe Sekɛndrisuku Tsitsi le February 1, 1954 dzi to Bisiɔp Anthony Konings dzi le Keta kple sukuvi 35. Sukua dze egɔme tso nyɔnuviwo ƒe saɖagaxɔmenɔlawo ƒe xɔdɔmesuku ƒe teƒe si wodo kple titinasukuxɔ si te ɖe afima ŋu si wotrɔ wòzu sukuxɔwo, nuɖuxɔ kple xɔdɔme me.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/education/ola-60.html&lt;/ref&gt;

== REFERENCES ==</text>
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